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Seed Storage Behaviour of Chukrasia Tabularis

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Seed Storage Behaviour of Chukrasia Tabularis Journal of Tropical7 52 Forest Science 13(3): 527-533 (2001) SEED STORAGE BEHAVIOU CHUKRASIAF RO TABULARIS AND C. VELUTINA K. Pinyopusarerk . Kalinganir,A . McLeoI e& d Australian Tree Seed Centre, CSIRO Forestry Forestand E4008Products,Box O. Kingston,P. Canberra ACT 2604, Australia Received July 2000_________________________________________________ PINYOPUSARERK, K., KALINGANIRE, A. & McLEOD, I. 2001. Seed storage behaviou f Chukrasiaro tabularis velutina.. C d an Seed f Chukrasiaso tabularis collected in Vietnam and C. velutina collected in Thailand were tested for germination capacity after being subjected to three different storage regimes: at room temperature (23 °C), in the cold room (4 °C) and in the freezer (-16 °C). Results showed that the seeds which were stored under these month 0 condition4 o t p s u maintaine r sfo drelativela y high level of viability irrespective of storage temperature regimes. However, seeds of C. tabularis deteriorated more rapidly when stored at room temperature. After 40 months of storage, seeds of C. velutina had a mean germination capacity of 69.3, 72.0 78.7d an % respectivel roor yfo m temperature, cold roo freezed man r storage while those of C. tabularis had a mean germination capacity of 29.3, 58.8 and 58.7% respectively. Keywords: Chukrasia tabularis Chukrasia- velutina see- d storag estorag- e temperature - storage period - germination capacity PINYOPUSARERK , KALINGANIREK. , McLEOD& . A , . I 2001, . Kelakuan penyimpanan biji benih Chukrasia tabularis velutina,. C n da Biji benih Chukrasia tabularis yang dikutip di Vietnam dan C. velutina yang dikutip di Thailand diuji keupayaan percambahannya selepas diletakka bawai nd h tiga regim penyimpanan yang berbeza: pada suhu bilik (23 °C), di dalam bilik sejuk (4 °C) dan di dalam bilik dingin beku (-16 °C). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa biji benih yang disimpan di bawah keadaan-keadaan ini sehingga 40 bulan mengekalkan tahap kebolehhidupan yang tinggi secara relatif tanpa mengambil kira regim suhu penyimpanan. Bagaimanapun, biji beni . tabularisC h merosot lebih cepat apabila disimpa i bawand h suhu bilik. Selepas penyimpanan selam bulan0 a4 , keupayaan percambahan biji beni velutina. hC masing-masing ialah 69.3, 72.0 dan 78.7% di bawah suhu bilik, bilik sejuk dan bilik dingin beku manakala min keupayaan percambahan biji benih C. tabularis masing- masing ialah 29.3, 58.58.7%n 8da . Introduction Chukrasia is a distinctive genus in the family Meliaceae comprising possibly two species . tabularis . velutinaC ,C d an (Penningto Style& n s 1975) e naturaTh . l distribution extends from Bangladesh, India, Nepal eas e d i Lankth t ,Sr an d aan south-eas f southero t n Chin Indo-Chinao t a , Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Sumatrwestere areao f th t Borneo & n d p so nti o an a o(H Noshiro 1995, Mabberle Pannely& l 1995). Although many botanists consider 528 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13(3): 527-533 (2001) C . variana velutina. tabularisNoshire & C b f o o o tt (H o 1995) both taxe aar recognise Lanki IndiSr dn i d aa an (Bandar a 1999 wels )a Thailan s la d (Smitinand Chukrasiao 1980)tw e Th . speciedistinguishee b n sca rouge th deepl d y hdan b y fissured velutina. smoothee barC th f ko d an r . tabularisbarC f ko (Kalinganire& Pinyopusarerk 2000) e seedTh . botf so h species are, however, very similad ran difficul differentiateo t t seede winged e flaTh . an sar t hav d averagdn an a e e sizf eo 4 X 18 mm and weights of 9-14 g/1000 seeds varying with localities. Both Chukrasia species are grown for their highly prized timber and have been nominated as priority specie plantatior sfo n forestr genetid yan c conservatio mann ni y tropical countries (Kalinganire & Pinyopusarerk 2000). abilite Th seef yo retaio dt viabilits nit importann a s yi t facto consideratior rfo n by nursery managers. This is because rapid loss of viability can affect seedling production and jeopardise planting programmes. The storage behaviour of Chukrasia seed is not well known. The seed of C. tabularis has been reported to retain viability for less than three months (voBusschm nde e 1982 1985i ,Ra les r )o s tha yeae non r (Troup 1921, Dent 1948). In India the seed of C. velutina was reported to maintain viability for five months (Anonymous 1974) but in Thailand, C. velutina seeds which were kep sealen i t d jars under cold room condition month5 2 r s (2-fo s) 4°C germinatioa d ha n capacit 83-87f yo % (Wasuwanich 1999). We assembled seeds of both Chukrasia species from the natural distribution range for development of domestication strategies. There is a need for long-term storag thesf eo futurn i ee seedeus r breedinsfo g programmes experimenn .A s twa conducted to determine: the best storage temperature for Chukrasia seed from the three temperature regime availabl) °C Australia e s6 th (23, -1 t ea d 4an n Tree Seed Centr CSIRf eo O Forestr Foresd yan t Products. This paper report e resultth s s of storage under the three temperature regimes over a period of 40 months for C. tabularis velutina.. C d an Materials and methods Seed material We obtained two Chukrasia seedlots from Thailand and Vietnam in April 1996. Both seedlots were bulk collections from several trees. Chukrasia velutina was collected fro Li-Thee mth m are northern ai m 0 25 , nE Thailan' 20 ° 99 d, N (18 ' °20 asl) by the Royal Forest Department in April 1993. Chukrasia tabularis was collected from Hoa Binh Province in northern Vietnam (20° 25' N, 105° 28' E, 100 m asl) by e Foresth t Science Institut Vietnaf eo Novembemn i r 1995. After collection C. tabularis seeds were air-drie stored dan t drooa m temperature whil velutina. eC seeds were air-drie kepd dan t under cold room conditio °C)4 n( . Befor storage eth e experiment moisture ,th e conten seede th botf f so to h species was determined and found to be 8%. At the end of the experiment the moisture contents of the left-over seeds were 7.8% for C. velutina and 8% for C. tabularis. Journal of 9 Tropical52 Forest Science 13(3): 527-533 (2001) Storage temperature regime Three different storage temperature regimes are available at the CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Australia: room temperature (23 °C), cold room (4 °C), and freezer (-16 °C). The seeds of both species were each placed in three calico bags and allocated randomly to one of the three storage regimes. The bags for room temperature storage were placed in an airtight metal tin while the bags cole foth rd roo freezed man r treatments were seale laminaten di d plastio ct prevent moisture exchange with storage atmosphere. Seed germination test Three germination tests were carried out at 6, 30 and 40 months after the commencemen storage th f 1996 o ty r eac e triaFo Ma h. n i germinatiol n test5 7 , seeds were randomly taken from each of the two species under each of the three storage temperatures. The seeds were placed in a stainless steel tea infuser, rinsed in cold running tap water for 10 minutes and then placed on a towel to surface four fo ry hoursdr . Surface dryin e seedgth s after rinsin preferres gwa seeds da s of both Chukrasia species tende sticdo t k together after soakin werd gan e difficult to separate without damage to the seeds. After surface drying, 25 seeds from each storage temperature were separately placed ont filteoa r pape a 90-m n i r m vermiculitest glaswe f so Petrg e 30 seedi dishTh . f e filteso Th p . rto papen o t sa r were germinate germinatiohoura 8 dn d i 0 san 3 lighC X ° 2 2 ( t n± cabine5 2 t a t tse watt cool white fluorescent lights). Germination started on the fifth day and counts continued until germination was complete dishee th l germinants)sal w (i.e.n dne i o n , , whic generalls hwa y achieved within three weeks seede .Th s were considered germinated when they produced ha d green cotyledons. Abnormal germinants were recordet no t dbu include finae th ln di percentag e calculation. Statistical analysis I ndifferencee vieth f w o collectio e th n si n tim handlind ean g proceduree th f so seeds of C. velutina and C. tabularis, separate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for each species to determine the significant differences between the percentag germinatef eo d seed r storagspe e regime factoriaA . l arrangemenf o t three storage temperature thred san e storage period ANOVAe useth s r sdwa fo . The data processing package DataPlus, Version 2 was used to generate the Genstat code statisticar fo l analysis. Results ANOVe Th A result summarisee sar Tabldn i . There1 e were significant differences 0.05< p ( 0.0)p < d betwee1an n storage temperature storagd an s e periode th n si 530 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13(3): 527-533 (2001) germination of seeds of both species. Significant interaction (p<0.05) between the two main factors was observed in the seed of C. tabularis but not in C. velutina. Table 2 shows mean germination percentage of C. velutina and C. tabularis at the three storage temperature months0 4 ove e rstorageth f so . Tabl e1 Analysi variancf so mear efo n germination percentage (ar n transformedcsi f o ) seed f Chukrasiaso velutinatabularis. C d an stored under different temperature regime storagd san e periods Source d.f. m.s. v.r.
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