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Electrophoretic Comparison of Cyprinodon Variegatus Lacã©Pã

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Electrophoretic Comparison of Cyprinodon Variegatus Lacã©Pã Northeast Gulf Science Volume 6 Article 3 Number 2 Number 2 10-1983 Electrophoretic Comparison of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède and Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr, with Comments on the Genus Cyprinodon (Atheriniformes: Cyprinodontidae) Charles F. Duggins Jr. Cameron University Alvan A. Karlin Tall Timbers Research Station Kenneth G. Relyea Kuwait University DOI: 10.18785/negs.0602.03 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Duggins, C. F. Jr., A. A. Karlin and K. G. Relyea. 1983. Electrophoretic Comparison of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède and Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr, with Comments on the Genus Cyprinodon (Atheriniformes: Cyprinodontidae). Northeast Gulf Science 6 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol6/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Duggins et al.: Electrophoretic Comparison of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède and Northeast Gulf Science, Vol. 6, No.2, p. 99-107 October 1983 ELECTROPHORETIC,. COMPARISON OF Cyprinodon variegatus LACEPEDE- AND Cyprinodon hubbsi CARR, WITH COMMENTS ON THE GENUS Cyprinodon (Atheriniformes: Cyprinodontidae) Charles F. Duggins, Jr. Department of Biology Cameron University Lawton, OK 73505 Alvan A. Karlin Tall Timbers Research Station Route 1, Box 160 Tallahassee, FL 32312 and Kenneth G. Relyea P.O. Box 5969 Zoology Department Kuwait University Kuwait Abstract: Five populations of Cyprinodon hubbsi were electrophoretically compared to 12 popula· tions from Florida of C. variegatus. Our data support Johnson and Snelson's (1978) placing of C. hubbsi in synonymy with C. variegatus. Present day populations of the nominal C. hubbsi possibly arose from 3 different founding populations: one derived from a Gulf coast C. variegatus popula· tion, another derived from a Florida east coast C. variegatus population, and a third from which the present day Lake Dora population of C. hubbsi is derived, origin uncertain. The large amount of morphological variation in this genus is also partially reflected electrophoretically, and the popula· tions sampled fall into discrete groups. A remarkable array of pupfish Echelle, 1975; Liu, 1969; Smith and Miller, species, genus Cyprinodon, occur in the 1980; Humphries and Miller, 1981; Saltz United States, Mexico, the Bahama Islands and Hirshfield, 1981. and on some Caribbean Islands. Most Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede, the species, some as yet undescribed, are sheepshead minnow, ranges from geographically restricted, allopatric Massachusetts southward along the populations. Only Cyprinodon variegatus Atlantic coast through the Florida Keys, has a wide distribution, and a number of throughout the Gulf of Mexico to nominal allopatric species are seemingly northeastern Mexico, and disjunctly in related to it, constituting a "variegatus Yucatan (as C. v. artifrons, Hubbs, 1936). complex" within the genus. For details of Additional populations in the Bahamas the "variegatus complex" and for other and on Caribbean Islands have been con­ pupfish species see Turner and Liu, 1977; sidered as subspecies of C. variegatus or Miller, 1948, 1968, 1976, 1981; Echelle and as related species within the "variegatus Miller, 1974; Echelle and Echelle, 1978; complex" (Turner and Liu, 1977). Hubbs Echelle, 1975; Turner, 1973, 1974; Miller and (1936) delineated northern and southern 99 Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1983 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 6 [1983], No. 2, Art. 3 100 C.F. Duggins, Jr., A.A. Karlin, and K. G. Relyea subspecies, C. v. ovinus, Massachusetts to considered in this paper, is a freshwater North Carolina, and C. v. variegatus, North form. Carolina to northeastern Mexico, as well Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr is known only as C. v. artifrons from Yucatan. Earlier, Jor­ from a few central Florida lakes: Lake dan (1884) had placed populations in Cuba Eustis (type locality; Carr, 1936), Lakes and the Florida Keys in the subspecies C. Dora, Griffin, Harris, Yale, Weir and Silver v. riverendi. No published data support (Relyea, 1975; Johnson and Snelson, 1978). these subspecific allocations, nor are there All of these lakes are interconnected by any published definitive studies, other than canals and ditches and are drained by the original descriptions earlier in the century, Ocklawaha River, a western tributary of the of outlying allopatric populations in the St. Johns River. However, the canals are complex in the Bahamas, Yucatan, and the often blocked by spillways, are steep Caribbean. Texas and northern Mexico sided and generally do not have pupfish populations of the "variegatus complex" habitat and do not, as far as known, sup­ have been delineated by Echelle and port pupfish populations. Cyprinodon Echelle (1978), Echelle and Miller (1974) and hubbsi prefers open sandy areas, often Miller and Echelle (1975), but elec­ with a light silt cover, in very shallow lit­ trophoretic techniques have not been toral zones often including nearby patches employed. In addition, Cyprinodon popula­ of emergent vegetation. We have also tions in several central Florida freshwater found that C. hubbsi (and C. variegatus) lakes have either been designated as C. will aggregate on hard, algal covered hubbsi or C. v. hubbsi by various authors substrates of boat ramps. Although (Carr, 1936; Johnson and Snelson, 1978; Cyprinodon variegatus occurs in some Humphries and Miller, 1981). areas of the St. Johns River, the species Cyprinodon variegatus and its related has not been collected, despite intensive forms are euryhaline (Simpson and Gunter, surveys, from the Ocklawaha. 1956; Martin, 1968). We have collected C. Carr (1936) delineated C. hubbsi from variegatus on Big Pine Key, Florida, from C. variegatus on the basis of several mor­ salinities of 5 ppt and 63 ppt on the same phometric and meristic features. Since day at localities approximately 2 km apart. that publication, Johnson and Snelson's We also collected the species at the (1978) brief report using morphological northern end of Key Largo in a hypersaline data, based in part on Johnson's un­ lagoon at 81 ppt. Nearby, on the southern published Master's thesis, Univ. of Central end of the Florida peninsula from Lake Florida, remains the only recent taxonomic Okeechobee southward through the analysis of C. hubbsi and its relationship Everglades, C. variegatus occurs in fresh to C. variegatus. Johnson and Snelson's or brackish waters (Ager, 1971; Kushlan (1978) report is important as it includes and Lodge, 1974). Miller (1948) suggested several populations of the nominal C. a positive correlation between meristic hubbsi and demonstrates more of the ex­ features and salinity, but did not apply isting morphological variation within that rigorous statistical tests to his data, for form than Carr's (1936) original description. desert pupfishes in the western United Johnson and Snelson (1978) concluded States. Our electrophoretic data, and the that C. hubbsi should be relegated to the meristic data of Johnson and Snelson synonymy of C. variegatus. (1978), do not indicate such a correlation We present electrophoretic data for for Florida Cyprinodon. This is an impor­ Lakes Eustis, Dora, Weir, Harris and Grif­ tant point since the nominal C. hubbsi, fin, all "hubbsi" lakes. Lake Weir is the https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol6/iss2/3 2 DOI: 10.18785/negs.0602.03 Duggins et al.: Electrophoretic Comparison of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède and Electrophoretic comparison of Cyprinodon 101 most isolate.d geographically of these. placed on a block of dry ice until returned The purpose of this paper is to pre­ to the laboratory. In the field, salinity was sent data from our investigations on two recorded with an American Optical In­ aspects of the problem of speciation in the struments refractometer. Twenty genus Cyprinodon: specimens were used for electrophoresis 1. genetic variability in Cyprinodon from each locality (Figure 1). All collections variegatus in Florida. were made in May, 1981 except where 2. the relationship of nominal Cyprin­ noted. odon hubbsi populations to one Cyprinodon variegatus: Florida: another and to C. variegatus. (population number 1) Brevard Co., Cocoa Our analysis should provide insights Beach, Dec. 1980, salinity not recorded; (2) into speciation in the genus Cyprinodon Indian River Co., Long Point Co. Park, and establish a foundation for examination 16 °/00; (3) Indian River Co., Sebastian Inlet, by electrophoretic methods of allopatric 36 °/00; (4) St. Johns Co., Anastasia St. Park, populations in Texas freshwaters, northern 32 °/00; (5) Monroe Co., Key Largo, 81 °/00; (6) Mexico, Yucatan, the Bahamas and on Monroe Co., Grassy Key, 60 °/00, (7) Monroe Caribbean Islands. Co., Big Pine Key, 63 °/00; (8) Hillsborough Co., Alafia River @ Rte. 41, 34 °/00 ; (9) MATERIALS AND METHODS Manatee Co., Causeway to Anna Maria Beach (Rte. 64), 36 °/00; (10) Wakulla Co., Collections were made with a 4.6 pond at St. Marks Lighthouse, 16 °/00; (11) meter (7mm mesh) seine. The fishes were Wakulla Co., Gulf coast at Panacea, 37 °/00; placed in a Zip-Loc bag, covered with the (12) Wakulla Co., Panacea, tidal creek, Dec. water in which they were collected, and 1980, salinity not recorded. Cyprinodon hubbsi: Florida: (13) Lake Co., Lake Harris at Leesburg; (14) Lake Co., Lake Dora at Mt. Dora; (15) Marion Co., Lake Weir at Oklawaha; (16) Lake Co., Lake Griffin at Coca Cola Park, on east side of lake; (17) Lake Co., Lake Eustis at Eustis. Salinity 0°/00 at all C. hubbsi localities. To obtain protein samples for elec­ trophoresis, individual fish were homogenized in an equal volume of chill­ ed distilled water; the slurry that resulted was centrifuged at 25,000g at 4 °C for 60 min. The supernatant of water soluble pro­ teins was decanted and stored at 4 oc over­ night, a maximum of 18 hrs. prior to elec­ trophoretic separations. The 20 loci coding for proteins surveyed in this study were: nonenzymatic proteins (Gp-1, 2, 3, 4, 5); esterases (Est-1, 2, 3, 4); glucosephosphate isomerases (Gpi-A, B); glycerol-3- Figure 1.
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