DOCSLIB.ORG

(Araceae: Tribe Spathicarpeae). Aroideana 22

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Araceae: Tribe Spathicarpeae). Aroideana 22 20 AROIDEANA, Vol. 22 The Genus Gearum N. E. Brown (Araceae: Tribe Spathicarpeae) Josef Bogner Menzinger straSe 63 D-80638 Miinchen Germany Eduardo G. Gon~a1ves Universidade de Brasilia, Depto. de Botanica Caixa Postal 04457 CEP 70719-970 Brasilia-DF-Brazil INTRODUCTION construct roughly the route of his journey. The Rio Palma is a river in this area and Gearum brasiliense N. E. Br. was first there is still today a village called Sapo, collected in October 1828 by W. J. Bur­ which could well be Burchell's Sape. Fur­ chell. N. E.Brown(1882) gave a very ac­ thermore, Burchell himself mentioned a curate description of the inflorescence and Rio Palma. Although there was a new flower structure, although Burchell's spec­ bridge under construction over the Rio imen was heavily damaged by insect feed­ Palma during J.B.'s visit in 1996, the ferry ing, but until recently this monotypic ge­ was still there. nus remained incompletely known, due to Although a second collection of Gear­ lack of leaf material definitely attrihutable um was made by Burchell (Burchell to Gearum. 8598-leaves only), around the time ofthe The exact locality of Burchell's collec­ holotype gathering, it was not until 150 tion remained undiscovered until recently. years later that a third collection was made Smith & Smith (1967) in their paper 'Itin­ by Alfeu de Araujo Dias (Vias 41), a Bra­ erary of William John Burchell in Brazil' zilian botanist working for the Projeto RA­ gave the wrong coodinates. When one of DAMBRASIL. This collection, made in the authors (J.B.) was in Brazil ten years 1978, remained unrecognized for several ago it was realized that the locality cited years as Xanthosoma cf. pentaphyllum by Smith & Smith was incorrect because it (VeIl.) Engi. until its identity was realized did not look like that which Burchell de­ (Mayo, Bogner & Boyce, 1994). A collec­ scribed for the habitat of Gearum brasi­ tion by one of us (Bogner 2241) was made liense; in fact it was a watershed and not near Dias' location, just on the other side a riverine area. The correct locality lies .ca of the Rio Araguaia in the state of Gohis 78-80 km west (by air) of the locality giv­ and another collection was made by G. en by Smith & Smith, but during the earlier Hatschbach (Hatschbach 56028) near visit this was not known. Some years later Arraias. Most recently Gearum has been one of us (J.B.) tried again with more in­ collected on three occasions in Tocantins formation to hand and succeeded in find­ by E. Gon~ves (Gonfaives 106, 108, 109). ing Gearum. In his field notebook Bur­ chell gave the following details: "between DESCRIPI'ION Sape and Santa Brizida (Serra Sta Brizida) on plains in low lying places that are often Gearum N. E. Br., J. Bot. 20:196, t. 231, inundated (River from the ferry)" but this Fig. 1 (1882); Benth. & HookJ., Gen. area could not be found in any gazetteers PI. 3:987-988 (1883); Engi. in Engi. examined in Brazil or Europe. However, & Prantl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(3):144 from his notebook it was possible to re- (1887); Baillon, Hist. PI. 13:472 J. BOG ER, E. G. GONt;;:ALVES, 1999 21 Fig. 1. Cearum brasiliense. Pollen grain , from Bogner 2241 , scale bar = 10 J.-lm . Photo M. Hesse. (1895); Engl. in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 73 pearing very soon after the inflorescence; (Iy'23F):52-53 (1920); Mayo et at , petiole sheath about half the petiole length Kew Bull. 49(4):785- 788 (1994); or shorter; preadult leaf sub-palmate, adult Mayo et al., The Genera of Ara ceae, leaf blade pedatisect, coriaceous, with 5- 163-165 (1997). Type: Cearwn bras­ 13 segments and small lobes on the rachiS, iliense N. E. Bf. venation reticulate, with submarginal col­ lective vein. Inflorescence sol italY; pedun­ Seasonall y dormant herb. Rhizome cle much shorter than petiole; spathe erect, with fl eshy roots. Leaves 1-2 (3) ap- erect, constricted, lower part convolute, globose ellipsoid, blade, erect, oblong, cuspidate; spadix shorter than spathe, ses­ sil e, fertile to the apex, female zone short­ er than male and separated from it by a steril e zone of synandrodes. Flowers uni­ sexual, perigone absent. Stamens of the male fl owers connate into a synandrium, synandrium usually 4-androus, sometimes 3-6-androus, shall ow, sub rhombic, trun­ cate; thecae globose to ellipsoid, dehiscing by a pore-like slit; pollen ellipsoid, ina­ perturate, large (ca. 56 J.-lm), exine psilate Fig. 2. Cearum brasiliense. Seedling, (smooth). Sterile male fl owers irregularly growth begins with cataphylls Bogner elongate, shallow, truncate. Female flow­ 2241. Photo H.-J. Tillich. ers densely arranged, gynoecium sur- 22 ARO IDEANA, Vo l. 22 Fig. 3. Beebeomyia spec. Male. Photo M. Muller. rounded by usually 4 obovate to subcla­ ETYMOLOGY vate (fl eshy w hen fresh) staminodes; ova­ Greek ge = earth and Arum (from ry depressed-globose to subglobose, 3-4- Greek Aron). locular; ovule 1 per locule, orthotropous, elongate towards apex, funicle short; Gearum brasiliense N. E. Br., I. e. placenta axile at base of septum; stigma Type: Serra Santa Bri zida, between subsessil e, weakly 3-4-lobed. Infructesc­ Sape (probably modern Sapo) and ence with depressed-globose berries; ber­ Santa Brizida, 15 Oct. 1828 (inflores­ ry pale green at maturity; seed broadly el­ cence only) Burchell 8111 (K, holo). lipsoid; testa thin, smooth; embryo large, endosperm absent. Chromosomes 2n = 34 Rhizome erect, up to 14 cm deep in soil , and 68. very long, at least up to 30 cm and prob­ ably over 40 cm and 1.5-2. 5 cm thick, out­ DISTRIBUTION side light brown, inside w hitish, with aro­ matic exudate when cut; main roots fusi­ One species in central Brazil , in gallery form, velY fl eshy, 0.5-1.4 cm in diam. at forest, hyperseasonal savanna and cerra­ the thickest part, white, other roots much dilo vegetation, in sandy and loamy soil. thinner. Cataphylls several, often half rot­ Alt. ca. 450 m (only known from one lo­ ten at fl owering, whitish, membranaceous, cality). soon drying, 10-13 cm long. Leaves 1-2, j. BOGNER, E. G. GON<;:ALVES , 1999 23 Fig. 4. Beebeomyia spec. Female. Photo M. Muller. rarely 3. Petiole 11-18 (--48) cm long, (0.3-) seedling tripartite; venation reticulate, 0.4-0.7 (--0.8) cm diam., green or li ght red­ middle vein of each leafl et very robust, 4- dish tinged, with w hitish or dirty green 7 (- 9) primary lateral veins on each side, vertical lines and sometimes spots; sheath running towards apex, secondary veins distinct (5- ) 6-11 cm long, mostly under­ thinner, reticulate between the primaries, ground; geniculum absent. Leaf blade pe­ with submarginal collective vein on each datisect, adult blade with 9-13 leaflets, ra­ side (sometimes inconspicuous). Inflores­ chis alate with lobes 2.5--4 cm long, 0.2- cence solitary, usually appearing before or 0.3 cm wide, mid-green; leaflets sessile with leaves, with strong spicy odor at an­ and decurrent, oblanceolate or narrow el­ thesis , subtended by several cataphylls, liptic, coriaceous, mid-green, sometimes longest longer than peduncle, of same col­ red-edged, somewhat lighter beneath, the or as those appearing with the leaves. Pe­ middle leafl et longest, 10-14 (-18) cm duncle very short, 8-10 cm long, (0.4-) long, 1-3 (-5) cm wide, the other leafl ets 0.8-1.3 cm diam., somewhat compressed, becoming progressively smaller towards color as for spathe but mostly under­ the ends of the rachis, the small est ca. 1.5 ground and then w hitish. Spathe 14- 20 cm long, 0.4 cm wide, apex acute to cus­ (- 24) cm long, coriaceous, constricted, pidate; preadult leaf someti mes subpal­ lower part convolute, globose-ellipsoid to mate with 5 lobes, central lobes broader subcylindric, 4-5 cm long, 2.5-3 cm diam., than basal ones, up to 10 cm long, 4.5 cm blade erect, gaping 4-5 cm w ide when wide, apex cuspidate; first fo liage leaf of open, apex cuspidate to acute , spathe out- 24 AROIDEANA, Vol. 22 Fig. 5. Gearum brasiliense. Brazil , Tocantins. Gonr;alves 109. Photo E. G o n ~a lv es . side light green with whitish spots or long er (ca. 2 X 1. 5 mm), border between the irregular lines or whitish with purplish connate stamens marked by a minute spots and irregular lines, or dil1y whitish groove on the upper surface of the syn­ green with light green spots, inside upper andrium; thecae mostly 8, but dependent part smooth and whitish green or light on number of stamens in the synandrium purplish w hen outside also purplish, low­ (see above), globose to ellipsoid, more or er convolute part rugose inside. Spadix al­ less remote, laterall y situated and extend­ ways shorter than spathe; spadix 00- ) 12- ing to the base and to the margin of the 18 cm, sessil e, fertil e to apex; male zone synandrium, ca . 0.5-0.65 mm diam. , de­ 9.5-14 cm long, (0.8-) 1-1.8 cm diam., hiscing by oblique slit or pore-like o pen­ subcylindric, obtuse at apex, completely ing. Pollen extruded in strands; poll en covered with densely arranged , cream-col­ grains inaperturate, ellipsoid, 52-60 f.L111 ored synandria; female zone adnate to long, 43-49 f.Lm wide, exine psilate spathe on one slie for a shOI1 distance, 1- (smooth). Synandrodes (of sterile fl owers) 2.5 cm long, 1.3-1.7 cm diam. ; male and irregularly elongate, shall owly truncate, female zones separated by a narrower 2.5- 3.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, other­ zone of sterile male fl owers (synandrodes) wise similar to synandria but lacking the­ 1-2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disentangling the Phenotypic Variation and Pollination Biology of the Cyclocephala Sexpunctata Species Complex (Coleoptera:Scara
    DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) A Thesis by Matthew Robert Moore Bachelor of Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009 Submitted to the Department of Biological Sciences and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science July 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Matthew Robert Moore All Rights Reserved DISENTANGLING THE PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AND POLLINATION BIOLOGY OF THE CYCLOCEPHALA SEXPUNCTATA SPECIES COMPLEX (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science with a major in Biological Sciences. ________________________ Mary Jameson, Committee Chair ________________________ Bin Shuai, Committee Member ________________________ Gregory Houseman, Committee Member ________________________ Peer Moore-Jansen, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To my parents and my dearest friends iv "The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead: his eyes are closed." – Albert Einstein v ACKNOWLEDMENTS I would like to thank my academic advisor, Mary Jameson, whose years of guidance, patience and enthusiasm have so positively influenced my development as a scientist and person. I would like to thank Brett Ratcliffe and Matt Paulsen of the University of Nebraska State Museum for their generous help with this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Andean Genera for the Tribe Spathicarpeae (Araceae)
    Willdenowia 35 – 2005 319 EDUARDO G. GONÇALVES Two new Andean genera for the tribe Spathicarpeae (Araceae) Abstract Gonçalves, E. G.: Two new Andean genera for the tribe Spathicarpeae (Araceae). – Willdenowia 35: 319-326. – ISSN 0511-9618; © 2005 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.35.35214 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Two unispecific Andean genera are described as new to science in the tribe Spathicarpeae (Araceae) and illustrated, based on two species formerly placed in the genus Asterostigma. The genus Incarum is erected to accommodate A. pavonii that occurs in Andean Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, and the new combination Incarum pavonii is validated. The genus Croatiella is erected to accommodate A. integrifolium from Ecuador and the new combination Croatiella integrifolia is validated. Incarum is considered related to the Andean genera Gorgonidium and Spathantheum, whereas Croatiella seems to be an isolated lineage within the core Spathicarpeae. The arguments to support these new genera come from cpDNA sequence data, as well as from biogeographical and morphological aspects. The neotropical genus Asterostigma Fisch. & C. A. Mey. was formerly known as having nine species, most of them distributed in coastal Brazil, but including two species with an Andean distribution (Gonçalves 1999). Asterostigma along with Gorgonidium Schott, Spathantheum Schott, Mangonia Schott, Taccarum Brongn. ex Schott, Gearum N. E. Br., Spathicarpa Hook. and Synandrospadix Engl. form the wholly neotropical tribe Spathicarpeae (sensu Mayo & al. 1997). For a taxonomic revision of this tribe (Gonçalves, in prep.), its members and putative al- lies have been evaluated by means of cpDNA phylogeny and morpho-anatomical studies (un- publ.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Systematics and Historical Biogeography of Araceae at a Worldwide Scale and in Southeast Asia
    Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades an der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Molecular systematics and historical biogeography of Araceae at a worldwide scale and in Southeast Asia Lars Nauheimer München, 2. Juli 2012 Contents Table of Contents i Preface iv Statutory Declaration (Erklärung und ehrenwörtliche Versicherung) . iv List of Publications . .v Declaration of contribution as co-author . .v Notes ........................................... vi Summary . viii Zusammenfassung . ix 1 Introduction 1 General Introduction . .2 Estimating Divergence Times . .2 Fossil calibration . .2 Historical Biogeography . .3 Ancestral area reconstruction . .3 Incorporation of fossil ranges . .4 The Araceae Family . .5 General Introduction . .5 Taxonomy . .5 Biogeography . .6 The Malay Archipelago . .7 The Genus Alocasia ...................................8 Aim of this study . .9 Color plate . 10 2 Araceae 11 Global history of the ancient monocot family Araceae inferred with models accounting for past continental positions and previous ranges based on fossils 12 Supplementary Table 1: List of accessions . 25 Supplementary Table 2: List of Araceae fossils . 34 Supplementary Table 3: Dispersal matrices for ancestral area reconstruction 40 Supplementary Table 4: Results of divergence dating . 42 Supplementary Table 5: Results of ancestral area reconstructions . 45 Supplementary Figure 1: Inferred DNA substitution rates . 57 Supplementary Figure 2: Chronogram and AAR without fossil inclusion . 58 Supplementary Figure 3: Posterior distribution of fossil constraints . 59 3 Alocasia 61 Giant taro and its relatives - A phylogeny of the large genus Alocasia (Araceae) sheds light on Miocene floristic exchange in the Malesian region . 62 Supplementary Table 1: List of accessions . 71 i CONTENTS Supplementary Table 2: Crown ages of major nodes . 74 Supplementary Table 3: Clade support, divergence time estimates and ancestral area reconstruction .
    [Show full text]
  • Uncommon Pollen Walls: Reasons and Consequences*)1)
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Frueher: Verh.des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien. seit 2014 "Acta ZooBot Austria" Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 148_149 Autor(en)/Author(s): Pacini Ettore, Hesse Michael Artikel/Article: Uncommon pollen walls: reasons and consequences. 291-306 © Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich, Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Österreich 148/149, 2012, 291–306 * Uncommon pollen walls: reasons and consequences ) 1) Ettore PACINI & Michael HESSE The mature pollen wall of gymnosperms and angiosperms consists in principle of two fundamentally different layers, the complex, thick sporopolleninous exine and the homogeneous, thin, single-layered pectocellulosic intine. In angiosperms, the typical exine is usually formed by a tectum, columellae, a foot layer, and an endexine. An ex- ine reduction (minimally up to the complete absence) occurs in many unrelated seed plants, without consequences for pollen viability. The intine sometimes also deviates from its common form, being either extremely thick or appearing two- or even three- layered. Environmental factors or developmental constraints are highlighted as being responsible for the various deviating exine and intine forms. PACINI E. & HESSE M, 2012: Unkomplette Pollenwand – Gründe und Konsequen- zen. Die fertige Pollenwand der Gymnospermen und der Angiospermen besteht im Prinzip aus zwei fundamental verschiedenen Lagen, aus der komplexen, dicken und sporopol- leninhältigen Exine, und der homogenen, dünnen, einschichtigen und überwiegend zellulosehältigen Intine. Bei Angiospermen ist die typische Exine aus einem Tectum, aus Columellae, aus einem Foot Layer und zumeist noch aus einer Endexine geformt.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Development of Dieffenbachia and the Occurrence of Atypical Flowers in Araceae Denis Barabé1 and Christian Lacroix2*
    Barabé and Lacroix Botanical Studies 2014, 55:30 http://www.as-botanicalstudies.com/content/55/1/30 RESEARCH Open Access Floral development of Dieffenbachia and the occurrence of atypical flowers in Araceae Denis Barabé1 and Christian Lacroix2* Abstract Background: The floral development of Dieffenbachia seguine (N. J. Jacquin) Schott is analysed in relation to the molecular phylogeny of the Spathicarpae by Cusimano et al. (Am J Bot 98:654–668, 2011). Results: The initiation of discoid floral primordia occurs acropetally on the surface of the spadix. Female flowers, atypical bisexual flowers, sterile male flowers, and male flowers share the same phyllotactic spirals on the spadix. Four or five stamen primordia are initiated simultaneously on the periphery of the male floral meristem. During early stages of stamen initiation, individual stamen primordia are connate at their base. In a synandrium, stamen fusion occurs very early during their developmental cycle with the stamens being already united laterally when longitudinal elongation occurs. The staminodes are also initiated on the periphery of the discoid floral primordium, and their number varies from four to six. The development of the fused staminodes will eventually form a longitudinal cavity in the center of the mature synandrode. The atypical flowers located in the intermediate zone range in morphology from aborted female flowers to rudimentary sterile male flowers with incomplete staminodes. Conclusions: The development of the female flower of Dieffenbachia Schott presents some similarities with atypical bisexual flowers of Cercestis Schott representing one of three types of aberrant flower forms in the family. From a developmental point of view and in the context of a phylogeny of the group, we believe that the presence of staminodes in the female zone constitutes a plesiomorphy in the tribe Spathicarpeae.
    [Show full text]
  • Josef Bogner's Publications Compiled Mainly by S.S. Renner, S.J. Mayo, N
    1 Josef Bogner’s publications Compiled mainly by S.S. Renner, S.J. Mayo, N. Jacobsen with contributions from many other colleagues. Version 5 October 2020 See Renner, S. S., and S. Mayo (2020). Josef Bogner (1939 - 2020). Taxon 69(3): 643-646. 1 Bogner J. (1968a). A new combination in Theriophonum Bl. (Araceae). Bull. Bot. Surv. India 10: 244. 2 Bogner J. (1968b). Standorte einiger Aponogeton-Arten in Madagaskar. DATZ 21(8): 242–244. 3 Bogner J. & Heine H. (1968c). Hydrotriche hottoniiflora Zucc., eine bemerkenswerte Aquarienpflanze aus Madagaskar. DATZ 21(12): 370–373. 4 Bogner J. (1969a). À propos du genre Andromycia A. Rich. (Aracées) (Andromycia A. Rich., genus delendum). Adansonia 9(1): 125–130. 5 Bogner J. (1969b). Une nouvelle espèce du genre Callopsis Engl. (Aracées) et considérations taxonomiques sur ce genre. Adansonia 9(2): 285–291. 6 Bogner J. (1971). Zwei interessante neue Pandanaceen. Der Palmengarten 35: 62– 64. 7 Bogner J. (1972a). Revision der Arophyteae (Araceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 92: 1–63. 8 Bogner J. (1972b). Reiseeindrücke aus Südostasien. Aquaterra 9(10): 93–98. 9 Bogner J. (1972c). Die Araceen Madagaskars (I). Der Palmengarten 36: 144–147. 10 Bogner J. 1973a. Die Araceen Madagaskars (II). Der Palmengarten 37: 10–13. 11 Bogner J. 1973b. Die Araceen Madagaskars (III). Der Palmengarten 37: 37–39. 12 Bogner J. (1973c). Die Gattung Pycnospatha Thorel ex Gagnep. (Araceae). Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 122: 199–216. 13 Bogner J. (1973d). Otra especie de Mangonia (Araceae) del Uruguay. Darwiniana 18: 70–79. 14 Bogner J. (1973e). Protarum sechellarum Engl. Palmengarten 37(2): 40.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic and Systematic Studies of The
    PHYLOGENETIC AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE SCHISMATOGLOTTIDEAE (ARACEAE: AROIDEAE) by WONG SIN YENG Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks to my supervisors, Assoc. Prof. Dr Ahmad Sofiman bin Othman and Peter C. Boyce for their guidance and patience throughout this study. To my former students: Ooi Im Hin, Lee Mee Chea and Lee Ai Shan who provided me with their invaluable field observations for the plants studied in this tribe. To the Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, Kuching, Sarawak for providing the excellent laboratory facilities to carry out the molecular work. Many thanks to Dr Rita Manurung and Dr Charlie Yeo for granting their permission and allowing me the freedom I enjoyed throughout the period. To Ms Eunice Su, Mr Alan Toh, Mr Peter Yee, Ms Jong Wan Hui, Ms Ruth Wong, Mr Shukri and Ms Mariani for their assistance in the laboratory. To the Sarawak Forestry Corporation; notably Mr L.C.J. Julaihi & Ms Lucy Chong and Forest Department of Sarawak, Mr Shabuddin Sabki for providing the permits required to collect the plants studied. To the Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak for providing me with my position in the Plant and Environmental Ecology Department. To Josef Bogner, Alistair Hay and Peter C. Boyce who have provided excellent accounts for the alpha taxonomy for the tribe studied. To Peter C. Boyce, Jipom ak Kisai, Jeland ak Tisai and Mael ak Late for guiding me with the field work carried out throughout the past three years.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollinators and Visitors of Aroid Inflorescences: an Addendum
    70 AROIDEANA, Vol. 34 Pollinators and Visitors of Aroid Inflorescences: an addendum Marc Gibemau Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Forets de Guyane (Ecofog - UMR CNRS 8172), BP 709 97387 Kourou, France [email protected] ABSTRACf according to Tricia, I was the only one following the rule and she used thus to Data on aroid pollinators or inflores­ receive regularly a letter from France ... cence visitors were reviewed lately by I only met Julius once in September 2008 Gibernau (2003), documenting the pollina­ also during the annual lAS sale & show. As tors of 49 genera and about 125 species. many people can say, he was the kind of This addendum adds information on 35 person who struck in your mind. Before genera, of which 9 are newly documented, meeting, we used to exchange e-mails, and about 60 species. In summary, we have particularly on flowering or pollination some information on pollinators or inflo­ questions. His last e-mail before my depar­ rescence visitors on 58 genera and about ture to Miami was in summary "I have 165 species. Such numbers are very low in prepared tens of questions for you"; and comparison of the family diversity (more my reply has been "I will do my best to than 110 genera and about 4,000 species). answer all of them." Effectively, we dis­ The pollination of entire groups of Araceae cussed on different occasions and particu­ is still unknown. The knowledge on the larly one evening during which we emptied pollination of each tribe is discussed. many beers. Julius'S thirst of knowledge was immense and of course I was not able KEYWORDS to answer all his questions!!!! Araceae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenop­ INTRODUCflON tera, Pollination.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximum Likelihood Inference Implies a High, Not a Low, Ancestral Haploid Chromosome Number in Araceae, with a Critique of the Bias Introduced by ‘X’
    Annals of Botany Page 1 of 12 doi:10.1093/aob/mcr302, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Maximum likelihood inference implies a high, not a low, ancestral haploid chromosome number in Araceae, with a critique of the bias introduced by ‘x’ Natalie Cusimano*, Aretuza Sousa and Susanne S. Renner Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), D-80638 Munich, Germany * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 6 June 2011 Returned for revision: 26 July 2011 Accepted: 7 November 2011 † Background and Aims For 84 years, botanists have relied on calculating the highest common factor for series of haploid chromosome numbers to arrive at a so-called basic number, x. This was done without consistent (repro- ducible) reference to species relationships and frequencies of different numbers in a clade. Likelihood models that treat polyploidy, chromosome fusion and fission as events with particular probabilities now allow reconstruction of ancestral chromosome numbers in an explicit framework. We have used a modelling approach to reconstruct chromosome number change in the large monocot family Araceae and to test earlier hypotheses about basic numbers in the family. † Methods Using a maximum likelihood approach and chromosome counts for 26 % of the 3300 species of Araceae and representative numbers for each of the other 13 families of Alismatales, polyploidization events and single chromosome changes were inferred on a genus-level phylogenetic tree for 113 of the 117 genera of Araceae. † Key Results The previously inferred basic numbers x ¼ 14 and x ¼ 7 are rejected. Instead, maximum likelihood optimization revealed an ancestral haploid chromosome number of n ¼ 16, Bayesian inference of n ¼ 18.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of Dieffenbachia (Araceae) of Mexico, Central America, and The
    REVISION OF Thomas B. Croat2 DIEFFENBACHIA (ARACEAE) OF MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE WEST INDIES1 ABSTRACT The genus Dieffenbachia Schott has approximately 135 species, most of them occurring in South America. Major centers of diversity for the genus include Colombia with 37 species, Ecuador (34), Peru (30), Brazil (27), Panama (20), and Costa Rica (13). There are 26 species in Central America, with 20 species (77%) new to science. These are D. burgeri Croat & Grayum, D. copensis Croat, D. crebripistillata Croat, D. davidsei Croat & Grayum, D. fortunensis Croat, D. fosteri Croat, D. galdamesiae Croat, D. horichii Croat & Grayum, D. isthmia Croat, D. killipii Croat, D. lutheri Croat, D. nitidipetiolata Croat, D. obscurinervia Croat, D. panamensis Croat, and D. standleyi Croat described herein and D. beachiana Croat & Grayum, D. concinna Croat & Grayum, D. grayumii Croat, D. hammelii Croat & Grayum, and D. tonduzii Croat & Grayum described elsewhere. Most species range from Nicaragua to Panama. Belize has only 1 species of Dieffenbachia; Mexico, El Salvador, and Guatemala have 2 species, followed by Honduras (3), Nicaragua (6), Costa Rica (13), and Panama (20). Only a few Central American species could be considered widespread. Among the most widespread are D. oerstedii Schott and D. wendlandii Schott, both of which range from Mexico to Panama, as well as D. nitidipetiolata and D. tonduzii, which range from Honduras to Ecuador. Species endemism is high, especially in Costa Rica (3) and Panama (9). A total of 9 species are shared between Panama and Costa Rica. Eight species, almost 31% of the total, range into South America. These are D.
    [Show full text]
  • Floral Associations of Cyclocephaline Scarab Beetles Matthew Robert Moore Wichita State University
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Entomology Museum, University of Nebraska State 2013 Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles Matthew Robert Moore Wichita State University Mary Liz Jameson Wichita State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers Part of the Entomology Commons Moore, Matthew Robert and Jameson, Mary Liz, "Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles" (2013). Papers in Entomology. 151. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/151 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 13 | Article 100 Moore and Jameson Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles Matthew Robert Moorea* and Mary Liz Jamesonb Wichita State University, Department of Biological Sciences, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, KS, USA 67260-0026 Abstract The scarab beetle tribe Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) is the second larg- est tribe of rhinoceros beetles, with nearly 500 described species. This diverse group is most closely associated with early diverging angiosperm groups (the family Nymphaeaceae, magnoliid clade, and monocots), where they feed, mate, and receive the benefit of thermal rewards from the host plant. Cyclocephaline floral association data have never been synthesized, and a comprehen- sive review of this ecological interaction was necessary to promote research by updating nomenclature, identifying inconsistencies in the data, and reporting previously unpublished data. Based on the most specific data, at least 97 cyclocephaline beetle species have been reported from the flowers of 58 plant genera representing 17 families and 15 orders.
    [Show full text]
  • Croat T. B., 1990, a Comparison of Aroid Classification Systems
    44 AROIDEANA Vol. 13, No. 1-4 A Comparison of Aroid ClassiftcationSystems Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden p. o. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166-0299 USA Abstract Hooker (1883) which in turn was based on the first monograph of the family by The paper compares four systems of H. Schott (1860). classification of the Araceae: Engler's Like the Schott system, Hutchinson original (1905-1920), M. Hotta's (1970), J. based his classification primarily on floral Bogner and D. Nicolson's On press) and morphology. However, he divided the M. Grayum's (1990). All are compared genera not into subfamilies but into 18 against the backdrop of the traditional tribes. Although Hutchinson's system has system of classification by Adolf Engler been used by some workers in general and against each other. review papers (e.g., Marchant, 1970, 1971a, 1971b, 1972, 1974; Raven and Introduction Axelrod, 1974; Li, 1979, 1980), it has been A review of the systems of classifica­ deemed quite unnatural by modern tion in the Araceae between the time of workers of the Araceae and it will not be Linnaeus and the modern era was pre­ dealt with further. sented by Nicolson (1960,1987). The last Since no other work has been so thorough systematic treatment of the widely accepted, it is important that a Araceae was published by Adolf Engler synopsis of Engler's original classifica­ in Das Pjlanzenreich (Engler, 1905, tion be presented here. The modified 1911, 1912, 1915, 1920a, 1920b; Engler & Englerian system which follows differs Krause, 1908, 1920; Krause 1908, 1913).
    [Show full text]