Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai)

Kansai University and Yamamoto Baigai In the 'Chronology' incIuded in the Kansai daigaku shichijü nen shi (A Seventy• Year History of Kansai University),a there is the following note under Meiji 28 (I895): 'A special course of study was instituted in September. It enabled there to be short training courses in reading texts, composition, mathematics, and foreign languages.' In the main body of this work we also find: 'We must take particular note of the creation of the special course of study.... It would correspond in today's parlance to a general liberal arts curriculum. Yamamoto Ken was hired as a lecturer to teach textual reading and composition as the basis for legal studies.' There is also a note, entitled 'Bekka setchi no jijö' (Facts about the Establishment of the Special Course of Study), following this which reads in part: At that time, Yamamoto Ken, who used the style Baigai, was hired as a lecturer. He lectured here on Sanyö ikö (The Literary Remains of Rai Sanyö)b and Kinsei meika bunshö (Selections from the Writings ofFamous Modern Authors). He had participated in the planning the Ösaka Incident and was the patriotic man of will who drafted the famous 'DecIaration of Korean Independence' at the request ofhis leader Öi Kentarö. At the time he lectured here he was 44 years of age [Japanese style]. Thus, Yamamoto Baigai was teaching there during the formative period of 'Kansai Law School,' the forerunner of Kansai University, but he was as weil a man who must, of course, be mentioned in any discussion of the history of modern Sino-Japanese relations. Indeed, the Tö-A senkaku shishi kiden (Biographies of East Asian Pioneer Men of Will)c has a rather extensive entry on hirn. He has a detailed, four-volume chronological autobiography, which he signed Ken shuroku (Personal Record of [Yamamoto] Ken). It was typeset and printed (though not put on sale) by his students in 193 I, after his death. Entitled

206 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) Baigai sensei nenpu (Chronological [Auto-]Biography of Master Baigai), it carries at the beginning a reminiscence and description by his student, the artist Suga Iatehiko, of the 'pursuit of knowledge' at Yamamoto's private academy. Yamamoto had opened a Kangaku or Chinese studies academy in Ösaka, and he had many students there. An entry for 1896 in this chronological autobiography reads as folIows: 'In the middle of August, I developed eye trouble and had to abandon reading and writing. From the previous year, I had been going to Kansai Law School to lecture on Wenzhang guifan (Models of Literary Prose; ed. Xie Fangde [1226- 89]).d At this point I had to stop.' Ihis evidence leads us to the conclusion that Yamamoto taught in the special course at Kansai Law School from September 1895 until August 1896.

An Early Love of History According to his chronological autobiography, Yamamoto was born in Iakaoka, Köchi prefecture in 1852 (Kaei 5), and he died at Ushimado, Okayama prefecture in 1928 at the age of76. He was reading Chinese texts from his youth: 'My young mi nd loved history [books] but did not enjoy the classics: reads the entry for his twelfth [Japanese style] year, 'and I particularly liked reading the Zizhi tongjian (Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Governrnent).'e Already at age ten, 'I had read through the Shi ji (Records of the Grand Historian) and the Zuozhuan (Commentary of Mr. Zuo), and I was reading the Twenty-One Dynastie Histories.'f Ihe chronological autobiography goes on to explain: 'I could read unpunctuated Chinese texts weil.' At age thirteen, 'I enjoyed discussing current events .... I also derived special joy from gathering together and writing down material concerning the trends ofthe time from books.' We see here an early proclivity toward history and the problems involving issues of the day. Ihis youthful predilection for reading may have contained the sprouts of Yamamoto's later opposition to the government and struggles on behalf of freedom and popular rights. At age fourteen, he was summoned to appear before the daimyö of Iosa domain, and he composed the following poem in Chinese: Ihe golden candle bums resplendently before your beautiful seat, How can a mere child bow down before your countenance? Ihe next year his devotion to historical texts continued - 'I reread the Zizhi tongjian for the sixth time this year' - and he completed his reading of the Twenty-Two Dynastie Histories. g By the same token, 'Western Learning' was being taught in many of the domains, and according to his chronological autobiography Yamamoto, at age seventeen in the inaugural year of the Meiji period, studied English at the Kaiseikan in Köchi. 'Studying English: though, 'did not strike my fancy and I quit after about two weeks.' At age ni ne teen in 1870, he became a student at the

207 Japan and China Shidökan in Köchi; it was a school specializing in Kangaku and his father was a teacher there. He worked there as assistant to a teacher of punctuating Chinese texts. The following year, when the Shidökan was closed as part of the policy to abolish the feudal domains and institute a nationwide system of prefectures, a call went out from the capital for the study of English, and it was requested that the teachers at the 'Translation Bureaus' (perhaps under prefectural control) set up English departments. Some were even hired by Keiö University. He first studied the English grammar from the Kakken bosu, but 'in less than ten days, I was studying by myself and reading geography and history.' He was in fact confident enough to note: 'I surpassed by fellow students.' A look at his Zäsho mokuroku (Book Listing)h reveals a large percentage of Chinese texts. At the very end, however, is a 'Section of Western Books,' which lists a total of eleven works including First Book in English Grammar, Longman 's New Reader No. 4, New National Readers (1-5), Elementary History of the United States, New Physical Geography, and World We Live (Manry s Geographical Series), among others. The grammar, Kakken bosu, was this First Book in English Grammar. When he was twenty in 1871, he departed for Tokyo where he entered the Ikuei Academy which stressed Western Studies and additionally offered instruction in Chinese Studies. While serving as an assistant in Kangaku, he studied Western Learning under the Dutchrnan T. H. Reich. i The chrono10gica1 autobiography mentions that he studied about England and Germany there, going on to note that 'Reich particularly enjoyed geography and I did as weil. He used geography in his classes every day. That I later knew the geography of the world and set my will on overseas affairs was surely a gift 1 received from hirn.' In the aforementioned Zäsho mokuroku is a listing of the geography texts in English which, it would appear, he read at this time. No details are given concerning the extent to which he pursued his 'studies of England,' but 'while 1 was in the academy, at Reich's request 1 translated into English a biography of Tokugawa Ieyasu, which he then touched up.' Later, 'when I was working in the Ministry of Public Works, at the request of Professor Malcolm, I translated an English novel into lapanese.'

From Telegraph Operator to Newspaperman In 1874 Yamamoto became a telegraph operator [a level of technical official below that of engineer - lAFf as a means of support. The following year he was sent on business to Ösaka, and from that time forward his ties with the city of Ösaka developed. There he went to work for the Köraikyö Telegraph Office. 'Ever since 1 was young,' he wrote of this time, 'I had always revered Toyotomi Hideyoshi. 1 thus set my heart on settling in Ösaka, and at this time 1 came to Ösaka. I heard that the grave of Kimura Nagato no kami [the early Edo-period warrior, Kimura Shigenari] was in Wakae, and I went there immediately to pay my respects.' The next year he brought his parents from Tosa to Ösaka. They all

208 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) took up residence in Ösaka in arented horne in Minami-atsuto-chö where they Iived together. In 1877 the Seinan War [namely, the rebellion of Saigö Takamori] erupted, and Yamamoto was sent on business into the area of the fighting. After ente ring a si te of particularly severe fighting near Taharazaka, he noted: 'Bullets were whizzing by and the place was strewn with corpses.' After his return from the war, Yamamoto worked for both the Kawaguchi and the Köraikyö Telegraph Offices, but the following year, 1878, he quit his job as a telegraph operator for the Ministry of Public Works. As he wrote, 'futilely I held this great goal in my heart, and I was waisting my efforts on spotty, poor workmanship. I thus quit my job.' His 'great goal' was to further the cause of the Popular Rights Movement, and to that end he became a newspaper reporter, for it seemed that he would thus be able to have recourse to public opinion through speech and action. After quitting his telegraphy position, he wrote: 'I wanted to set up a newspaper office in Kyoto.' Although he went to Kyoto many times, 'it never got offthe ground.' In 1879 Yamamoto joined the staff of the Ösaka shinpö. The following year he married a woman from Tosa. That year (1880) he wrote his Kögai yükoku ron (On Indignant Patriotism), and he serialized a novel, Yaezakura matsunomidori (Florid Cherry Blossoms, the Glory of Pine Green), in the Ösaka shinpö. In his chronological autobiography, he noted: 'It won great esteern, with a professional teller of military tales recounting it.' Although the latter text is now nowhere to be found, the Kögai yükoku ron is held in the National Diet Library in Tokyo. It was published in 1880 by Nakao Shinsuke of Ösaka and is a small volume of some ISO pages. It is virtually overflowing with Yamamoto's passion and indignation on behalf offreedom and popular rights. His fellow provincial Ueki Emori (1857-92) contributed a preface and helped in the revisions. In his own 'prefatory remarks,' Yamamoto wrote: 'I talked it over with my friend Emori, and I revised it several times in places where it was unsatisfactory.' In Ueki's preface, he noted: 'Although we had slight differences of opinion about this or that in the text, it was an excellent work for propogating popular rights. I thus rejoice on behalf of the country and celebrate on behalf of freedom.' As for its contents, Chapter One is an 'Overview.' Chapter Two is entitled 'The Origins of Popular Rights,' and Chapter Three is 'Limiting the Powers of the Government.' The final chapter, fourteen, is entitled 'Avoiding Violence.' In his 'prefatory remarks,' Yamamoto no ted that 'this book is principally aimed at persuading villagers and woodcutters .... I thus did not employ refined, elegant language, but worked to use ordinary prose. Anyone should be able to read it.'

Yamamoto Baigai on People's Rights In the first chapter, 'Overview,' Yamamoto argued that in the Asian countries of China, Turkey, and Persia, 'people's rights were being taken away with each passing day, leaving them in a tragic state scarcely able to enjoy Iife.' By contrast,

209 Japan and China 'there were the petty barbarians, the Normans, the Saxons, and the Gauls ofFrance and England.' They 'Iong ago sought popular rights and often fought against their govemment and arrnies over the past few centuries.... Ultimately, legal institutions were established leading to their present wealth and strength.' He also noted: 'Although the Uni ted States of America, for example, was in fact populated by immigrants from the extremely poor people of Europe, it has now acquired wealth and strength surpassing the rest of the world. This is the major reason for it.' Furtherrnore, 'the ebb and ftow ofnational rights is based on the ebb and ftow ofpeople's rights. Ifthe people's rights do not grow, they will lack that by which to grow strong.' This viewpoint appears to be drawn from the knowledge of world history which Yamamoto had acquired as a young man. 'The nation is not the sovereign's nation,' he noted at one point in his second chapter. 'It is the people's nation. The people are not the sovereign's people. They are the people of the realm. The govemment is not the sovereign's government. It is the govemment of the people.' Thus, in connection with the acquisition of popular rights, he argued that 'popular rights are not something conferred by a sovereign. They should be restored to the people by the government which must quickly find a way to restore them to all people without distinction' (Chapter Two). Because popular rights are innate to the people, Yamamoto argued that they should with all alacrity be taken back from the sovereign and the govemment. He also vitriolically denounced the autocratic sovereign who oppressed the people: Originally, autocratic govemment treated the people with oppression, a practice wh ich became ordinary, and the people themselves fell into astate of servility and cowardice. Ultimately, they looked up to their sovereign as one deserving unlimited honor, and govemments, taking advantage of this weakness, increasingly nurtured their own authority, degrading the people to the same level as oxen or horses.... With supreme authority, the sovereign oppressed the people to the point of privatizing the realm. And, at another point, he noted: The prerogative to make laws and run an administration all reverted to the sovereign alone. In maUers of the realm, the sovereign thus saw everything as a function of what was in his personal interest. This gradually bred a mood of lethargy.... He entrusted his authority to a prime minister to administer the most important affairs of state .... Without paying it any mind, he [the prime minister] increasingly entrenched his own position. As an exhibition of his power, he stood preeminent over all private individuals. With the most important maUers of state within his ken, ... his authority surpassed even that ofthe sovereign several fold, and the evil done by hirn was also much worse than the sovereign 's. Thus, he argued that if limitations were not placed on the power of a govemment that combined such a sovereign and sovereign power, there would be no

210 Appendix: Yamamofo Ken (Baigai) happiness for the people. 'Because of this, if we do not limit the power of government, we cannot hope to see people's rights prosper. The people will be deprived of happiness and will decline to astate in wh ich they will be unable to enjoy their lives' (Chapter Three). He thus stressed the fact that people's rights were not something conferred upon them but were to be obtained when the people resisted their government and took back their rights. As he pointed out: People's rights originally protected the people's freedom, and to that end brought them happiness and enabled them to live with security. Originally they were the mechanism by which the tyranny of government was destroyed and thereby the people's freedom could not be obliterated. In order to make use of this mechanism, the people must be outfitted with the tools sufficient to resist government. Without such tools, they will continue as always to yield all rights and be unable to extend their rights. [Chapter Four] Here we find the basic principles underlying the work of Yamamoto Baigai and contemporary activists in the Popular Rights Movement.

Off to Okayama The Chigo shinbun (Children's News) was inaugurated in Okayama in 1881. Yamamoto was invited to serve as editor-in-chief, and he moved to Okayama in March ofthat year. That winter, however, Chigo shinbun incurred the displeasure of the government and was temporarily shut down. It was closed down once again in the spring of the following year and was finally banned outright. That year Yamamoto met Kobayashi Kuzuo for the first time, and, as he notes in his chronological autobiography, 'we vowed to devote our energies to the Jiyiltö (Liberal Party) and discussed the idea of establishing another newspaper.' Kobayashi later became a close friend ofYamamoto's, and when the former died in 1920 Yamamoto wrote his funerary inscription. Kobayashi came from Okayama and for many years had studied French with a Frenchman; he had also researched French law. He used his learning to protest the shackling of freedom and the repression of speech by Japan's clan-dominated government of that time. He called for the pressing need to open a parliament, and he presented to the authorities a written memorial on the establishment of a parliament and a petition on behalf of his fellow provincials. He was actively involved in the Popular Rights Movement. After the closing of Chigo shinbun, the Chiigoku nichinichi shinbun (Daily News of Western Honshil) was founded with Yamamoto as editor. As he noted, however, 'at that time, the government's oppression was becoming worse with each passing day, and many lecture societies and social gatherings were being broken up. In March several of us received punishments. I had to pay a fine of 10 yen.' He also pointed out: 'At an invitation, I went to Kasaoka in Bichil [in the southwest corner of present-day Okayama prefecture] to attend a gathering

211 Japan and China which was disbanded and fined 12 yen.' We can thus see that the govemment's intervention and repression of speech and meetings were particularly severe. The Chügoku nichinichi shinbun was banned less than a month after its first issue appeared. Yamamoto 'planned its revival with Kobayashi and others but it never materialized. ' In financial dire straits during this period, Yamamoto frequently had to move from one friend's horne to another. As he noted: 'My financial situation was becoming increasingly worse, as my opposition to the govemment grew increasingly more sharp. My hatred for the govemment's tyranny bumed within me, but the privat ions I was suffering made it impossible for me to do anything about it.' In his chronological autobiography, Yamamoto had the following to say: After the Satsuma Rebellion came to an end, the govemment's despotism grew extreme. First, the Risshisha (Set the Will Society) in Tosa domain arose, later becoming the Aikokusha (Patriotic Society). They memor• ialized and petitioned for the creation and opening of a diet. At one point they formed a 'Kokkai kisei dömeikai' (Association for the Establishment of a Diet), and it became the Jiyütö. At this time, the Kaishintö (Progressive Party) was formed, the Kyüshü kaishintö (Kyüshü Progressive Party) was formed, and the Kinki jiyütö (Kinki Liberal Party) changed its name to the Rikken seitö (Constitutionalist Party). All opposed the government on the basis of their respective points of view. The govemment then proclaimed 1890 as the year in wh ich a diet would convene, while restricting men ofwill with legal conditions placed on their assemblages. Its cruelty and despotism were feit everywhere. The obstructions to men of will were followed by fines. Such was the situation at that time. In November ofthat year Yamamoto left Okayama and retumed to Ösaka. While he 'still had no livelihood after returning to Ösaka,' Sugita Teiichi (1851-1920) and others of the Echizen jiyütö (Echizen Liberal Party) started up the Hokuriku jiyü shinbun (Liberal Newspaper of Northem Honshü), and Yamamoto was invited to serve as assistant editor. He thus repaired to the city ofFukui. The next year the newspaper stopped publication due to exhaustion of funds, and Yamamoto once again returned to Ösaka.

The Opening of a Kangaku Academy in Ösaka When Yamamoto was 31 in 1883, his chronological autobiography notes, he 'divorced his wife on certain grounds,' but the reasons are not indicated. At that time he went with his wife to her family horne in Köchi 'to explain the situation and to obtain permission.' He then returned from Köchi to Ösaka by hirnself, and 'thereafter, I remained at horne where I opened a private academy to teach students. I had but to support one household.' From that time forward,

212 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) Yamamoto began work as the instructor of a Kangaku academy to support hirnself. He also 'shut myself up to read and write, for half a year never stepping outside the door.' It seems, though, that he had not fully relinquished his desires for political reform, and 'when Prime Minister Itagaki [Taisuke, 1837-1919, the Jiyütö prime minister] returned from Europe, he gave a speech at the Jiyü Pavilion in Nakanoshima. 1 went there to listen, but that's all.' By 'but that's all , he seemed to be implying activity on behalf of the Popular Rights Movement. The following year, there was a fire and he moved to Morimura in the east of the city. For all his efforts, Yamamoto's proclivity to speak on behalf of the political movement could not be forestalled. Invited to join the staff of the Rikken seitö shinbun (Constitutionalist Party News), halfthe day he would work at the newspaper office, and half the day he taught students in his academy. When the cooperation between the Jiyütö and the Rikken seitö fell apart, Yamamoto, as a member of the former, resigned from the newspaper staff. The Jiyütö thereupon established in Ösaka the Sökikan, and 'I once again became involved [in the movement].' As before, 'I was entrusted with party work,' and he traveled to Tsuruga in Echizen. Subsequent travels took hirn to Bizen, Mimasaka, Höki, Izumo, Iwami, Aki, and Bingo.

On the Eve of the Ösaka Incident At the tail end of his entry for Meiji 17 (1884) in his chronological autobiography, Yamamoto described the situation on the eve of the 'Ösaka Incident.' Kobayashi Kuzuo was in Tokyo, and there he frequently met with the French Minister from late summer and early autumn on. He was eventually introduced to Itagaki Taisuke, and they reached an accord: a plan for the independence of Korea. They sought out Gotö Shöjirö to shoulder the movement in Korea. To this end, they requested from the French govemment a loan of one million francs and a battleship. At this time, the French had their own designs on Annam [to China's south] and were only too happy to stir up an incident between Japan and China to the north. News ofPrime Minister Ferry's approval ofthe request arrived. Kobayashi then reported on circumstances to that point in detail. It seemed as though his principal aim was to use the uprising for independence in Korea to provoke violence between Japan and China, take advantage of the govemment's press of business, call for arebellion, and overthrow the govemment. Thus, in order to construct in Japan a society with popular rights quickly, the radicals within the Jiyütö had the following plan. By supporting arebellion of the Korean independence movement of Kim Ok-kyun (1851-94), they would induce a conflict with China, which saw Korea as a vassal state, and throw the Japanese govemment into turmoil, bringing it down. The French govemment

213 Japan and China together with Kobayashi established contact to facilitate the execution of this plan of action. 'At this time,' notes his chronological autobiography, 'the whole affair was kept completely in secret, its details conveyed to no one. Letters to and from the French were all held by Kobayashi hirnself.' At the beginning of his entry for 1885 in his chronological autobiography, we read: 'On January 5, I made a rare trip into the city. On behalf of the Korean movement, I did not return horne, but boarded avesseI directIy for Tosa and there consulted with party friends.' That year [actually, 1884 - JAF) the Sino• French War erupted over Annam. 'Troops from China and France engaged in battle over Vietnam. Kobayashi Kuzuo was in Tokyo, involved in plans with the French minister and exchanging letters with Admiral Courbet. Kobayashi often wrote me and told me what was transpiring,' but Yamamoto does not offer any concrete details at this point. After Kobayashi urged hirn to come to Tokyo and there revealed to hirn a detailed plan for the rebellion in Korea, Yamamoto promptly offered support. A letter from Kobayashi Kuzuo arrived summoning me to Tokyo post• haste .... At dusk on [July) 7, I arrived in Yokohama and then proceeded immediately to Tokyo where I met Kobayashi. Kobayashi reported that several stalwart men had been sent to Korea to kill high-level officials and thus spark conflict with China. We would then take advantage of this opportunity and rise up in rebellion .... I supported the rebellion. I further asked about the co-conspirators and was told they were Öi Kentarö and Isoyama Seibee. I also asked about the order of events in which the plan would be carried out. Kobayashi said: 'Money has already been provided. We're waiting for the opportunity to present itself, and Isoyama [who was director of the Yüichikan, a boarding house in Tokyo where young Jiyütö men ofwill gathered) will lead these brave men directly to Nagasaki where they will rent a ship and sail to Korea.' I said: 'That's great! Since there are only a few conspirators, there will be no leaks. When the opportunity presents itself and the brave men are ready to depart, they will need vessels to take them from Yokohama to Nagasaki.' ... I drafted a manifesto for distribution to announce when the rebellion in Korea would commence and also discussed matters concerning funds. On the 18th I boarded the Shin-Tökyömaru, returning horne on the 19th. Yamamoto had mentioned to Kobayashi about sailing from Yokohama to Nagasaki, but in fact the leaders, having gathered in Ösaka to head for Nagasaki, were arrested in Osaka. This became known as the 'Osaka Incident.' The manifesto composed by Yamamoto was entitled 'Declaration of Korean Independence,' and it is included in his chronological autobiography. It reads in part as follows [in literary Chinese - JAF): Righteous Japanese troops declare to all men of the world. The independent nation of Korea was astate founded and developed by the

214 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai)

Yi family. lt never sought intervention by other states. The Qing used force to subjugate it and rendered it a vassal state, compelled it to pay tribute, destroyed its national authority, and divested it of freedom.

Funding Problems and Arrests The circumstances surrounding the Ösaka Incident are described in great detail in the following works: Ösaka no goku (lail in Ösaka)k; ltagaki Taisuke, gen. ed., Jiyütö shi (History of the Liberal Party)'; and the aforementioned Tö-A senkaku shishi kiden. m I would like to cite here from the last of these works: When they were at long last ready to begin the uprising in Korea, they first needed to prepare an elegant manifesto to win over the people's hearts. They had to rely on someone who was especially talented at composition in literary Chinese, and they thus called upon the Ösaka scholar ofChinese studies, Yamamoto Ken, styled Baigai, revealing their plans to hirn and asking hirn to write it.... He was extremely encouraged and readily consented. Content in his simple life of celibacy and vegetarianism, he always rejected eating meat. In spite of this, he said, 'I need strength to write this manifesto. First, it'll be wine; next, 1'11 order a meal of octopus and crab. Sure, I'm a vegetarian, but you can tell from the Chinese characters as we write them that 'octopus' and 'crab' are insects [because they each contain the radical for insect - lAF]. Eating insects should be no problem for a vegetarian.' While drinking wine from a large cup with octopus and crab, he pondered what he would write, and then he composed the profoundly vigorous piece below. The text then quotes the declaration Yamomoto wrote, adding: 'This declaration was then translated into English and French by Kobayashi who had made arrangements to send it to various foreign newspapers.' The Tö-A senkaku shishi kiden then continues: The declaration came about in this manner. The death-defying men rallied together under Isoyama and others. They were able to produce explosives, and gradually their weaponry was prepared .... Energetic political figures helped out in the plans both publicly and privately. The number of participants soon exceeded 80. When their plans were on the verge of being put into action, essential funding did not materialize as desired. Both Öi and Kobayashi were busily and excitedly involved in every mann er of affair, but the activities of the liyütö politicians were constantly under govemment scrutiny, and every little move they made was closely observed by the watchdogs of the authorities. That meant, of course, that they had to be extremely careful in carrying out their aims, and they were unsuccesssful in explaining the

215 Japan and China

content of their plans in order to appeal to the anger and chivalrous spirit of the nation. Thus, they fell into worse financial staits, and it became clearer with each passing day that their expectations of ever succeeding were seriously in doubt. The procurement of funds proved disappointing, and decisive action could only be undertaken when it would already be too late. As the final means at their disposal, 'they had no choice but to adopt emergency measures, for they were performing a great task on behalf of the state': they began plundering, as in Kanagawa prefecture and elsewhere. 'The funds obtained through this means of seizure were collected by Öi.' Carrying the money in their hands, the first, second, and third group of conspirators massed in Ösaka with their explosives, the cans in which they were placed, and their swords. The explosives brought by Kageyama [Eiko] ofthe second Ösaka brigade were placed in Yamamoto's care. Thus, 'Öi still remained in Tokyo to collect funds, but Kobayashi, Isoyama, and other leaders made their way to Ösaka one after the next. Ösaka became the base of operations for those who would carry out the job.' Unable to secure sufficient funds - Yamamoto's chronological autobiography notes that he approached his friends in Akö in Harima [present-day southwestem Hyögo prefecture] for contributions - they attacked and robbed the Senjuin Temple, which was well known for its wealth in Shigisan, Yamato [present-day Nara], a wealthy farmer in Takaichi, Yamato, and Okahashi Kiyoshi. lsoyama concealed his whereabouts, and Arai Shögo took over his leadership position. One by one they traveled from Ösaka to Nagasaki in preparation for the voyage overseas. According to his chronological autobiography, Yamamoto, Öi, and Kobayashi sent off a group with Arai and Kageyama from Umeda train station [in Ösaka]. While one group was preparing for the trip in Nagasaki, the entire plot was disclosed and arrests commenced. There are two possible sources of the disclosure: one group of conspirators involved in robbery as a means of securing funds throughout Ibaraki and Chiba was caught and confessed; or someone in the Jiyütö office was in fact a spy, and his reports made it possible to know of the plot and make the wholesale arrests. First, Öi and Kobayashi were picked up in Ösaka, while Arai and Kageyama were taken in Nagasaki; in all 58 persons were incarcerated at one of two jails in Ösaka, Nakanoshima, and Horikawa. According to his chronological autobiography, when Yamamoto leamed of the arrests of Öi and Kobayashi, he surmised that 'the police were certain to pay a visit' on hirn as weil; he did not leave his horne, but waited and continued teaching his students at his academy until the police did, in fact, arrive. After a preliminary investigation lasting some eighteen months, a judicial judgment was reached on this incident in the fall of 1887. The three leaders, Öi Kentarö, Kobayashi Kuzuo, and Isoyama Seibee, received the heaviest sentences, 'six years of minor imprisonment.' Arai received a term of 'five years ofminor imprisonment,' while Yamamoto received a senten ce of 'one year

216 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) minor imprisonment and ten months of supervision.' As his autobiography notes, 'I was interrogated on the charge of causing foreign troubles and for violating the criminal regulations conceming control over explosive substances.'

Getting to Know Judge Inoue Misao Yamamoto discussed his life in prison in his chronological autobiography, and details ofthe court's decision can be found in Tö-A senkaku shishi kiden, though the defendents seem to have been treated rather magnanimously in view of the fact that they had committed acts of treason. Not only was public opinion sympathetic to them, but, as is made clear in Yamamoto 's chronological autobiography, both Appellate Court Judge Kojima Korekata (lken, 1837-1908) and the presiding Judge Inoue Misao (d. 1905) opposed the govemment's intentions and wanted to hand down lenient sentences. Originally, Kojima and Inoue both intended to judge on the charge of stirring up troubles overseas. 1 happened to hear that the govemment considered the violation of the criminal regulations conceming control over explosive substances to be a particularly severe offense and sought to have it dealt with severely. Public opinion, however, was completely on the side ofthe men ofvalor [i.e., the defendants], seeking either a light term or a magnanimous sentence. On the evening of the 23rd, the judges met and prepared a written judgment before orders from the govemment had arrived. We waited all through the night, but they still had not finished .... The judges probably were not in agreement with the govemment and thus wanted to offer a lenient judgment. They thus had to act before the govemment's orders arrived. The presiding judge at the time was Inoue Misao. After he completed his term in prison and was parolled, Yamamoto seems to have become on intimate terms with Inoue and other penal officials. We know this from his chronological autobiography which notes: 'I remained in contact with Judge Inoue Misao, the Horikawa Prison 's head doctor Tamiya Yukiharu, and the head of general affairs at the prison, Kakuyama Rikichirö, after leaving prison. Tamiya and Kakuyama later sent their sons to study with me.' Judge Inoue with whom Yamamoto became friendly following his prison term is well known as one of the founders of Kansai Law Schoo!. It would appear that Yamamoto's invitation to teach at Kansai Law School was the result of Inoue's recommendation, but there is no mention whatsoever of this in his chronological autobiography. The defense in the Ösaka Incident was led by Hoshi Töru (1850-190 I) and included as many as sixteen other attomeys. Among them several had subsequent ties with Kansai University: Shibukawa Chüjirö (an administrator), Sunagawa Yüshun (a director), and Mori Sakutarö (a trustee). When he was released from prison, Yamamoto retumed to running his academy. He also kept up a relationship with the press, as a writer for the Aikoku

217 Japan and China shinbun (Patriots' Newspaper) which commenced publication in Köbe in 1890 and as editor for the Shinonome shinbun (Dawn News). As he noted, though, 'more often than not I didn't go into the office, but would draft an article and send it in.' That year, 1890, the Imperial Diet convened for the first time. Yamamoto lamented: 'Everyone is congratulating each other, because they've attained this without spilling any blood .... The throng dreads the sight of blood. How can they even speak of politics! The tyranny of clique government is still with us, with mediocre people dominating politics and current affairs worsening on a dayly basis.' With the amalgamation the following year of the Jiyütö and the Kaishintö, Yamamoto noted: 'I was strongly opposed to this .... The comrades who had struggled' ten years earlier 'to bring down clique government were nowhere to be found' in the (new) party now. 'They had fallen over the course of time .... I thus resolved to sever my connection to the party.' In 1894 Japan finally did commence hostilities with China over Korea. 'Several times I sent the authorities position papers,' he noted in his autobiography, but details of their contents are not mentioned. The following year he lectured on the Wenzhang guifan at Kansai Law Schoo!. In 1896 he had to cease reading and writing due to eye problems and discontinued his lectures.

Travel to China and Contacts with the Reformers In the spring of 1897, his eye troubles healed, and that fall he set off for China. He boarded the Genkaimaru at Köbe and arrived in Tianjin via Pusan and Inchon. From there he proceeded to Beijing. He then turned and proceeded from Shanghai up the Yangzi River, visiting Hankou via Suzhou. The return voyage downriver stopped at Nanjing before returning to Shanghai. In December he headed back for Japan. Yamamoto entitled his narrative of this voyage Enzan sosui kiyu (Travelogue of the Mountains of North China and the Rivers of South China) (two stringbound volumes, in literary Chinese); it was published in 1898 [in Ösaka] though not put up for sale. He took a camera with hirn during his travels and took photos ofthe scenery at the places he visited. After he retumed to Japan, he asked a friend to use these photos as the basis for real-life paintings, and these he inserted here and there in the text of Enzan sosui kiyu with lithography. Throughout his trip, Yamamoto persisted in wearing Japanese dress. As he viewed the famous ancient sites in China, he was filled with historical impressions, and he described their present state. In Shanghai he had particularly close contact with Chinese reformers active in joumalism, and they spoke at length of current events. Kojö Teikichi (1866-1949) and Fujita Toyohachi (Kenpö, 1869-1929) were living in Shanghai at that time, trans1ating into Chinese articles and editorials from the Japanese press for, respectively, Shiwu bao (Contemporary Affairs) and Nongxue bao (Agronomy). Through these two men he was able to meet Luo Zhenyu (1866-1940) at Nongxue bao and Wang Kangnian (Rangqing, 1860- 1911) and Liang Qichao (Rengong, 1873-1929) at Shiwll bao. Zhang Taiyan

218 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) (Binglin, 1869-1936) also paid a visit on hirn at this time, and Yamamoto went with Wang on one occasion to meet Zhang Jian (1853-1926). Yamamoto exchanged an assortment of views with these men and indicated general agreement with many of their positions. For December of 1897, he noted in his chronological autobiography, 'the Chinese Ji Kan, Wang Youling, and Kang Tongwen paid me a visit. From that time forward many Chinese did so.' From contacts made during his travels in China, Yamamoto became active on behalf of the reformers who fled to Japan the next year following the 'Hundred Days Reform Movement.' In an entry for 1898 in his chronological autobiography, he noted: 'Last year } traveled in China, and my contacts with Chinese have become rather broad since'; '} have exchanged many letters with Wang Rangqing'; '} have translated a number of works for the Chinese Luo Zhenyu and sent them to Shanghai.' Furthermore, he wrote: 'Kang Mengqing came to visit. Mengqing, ming Youyi, is from Guangdong, an eider cousin of Kang Changsu. Changsu, ming Youwei, is styled Nanhai. He has served at the Qing court and worked for reform.' He then went on to write: On September 23, there was areport of a political change in China. The Empress Dowager was unhappy with the earnest reform efforts of the Qing emperor, and she finally placed the emperor under house arrest. She banished Minister of Works Zhang Yinhuan to Xinjiang and ordered beheaded six men, including Lin Xu, Tan Sitong, and Kang Guangren [Kang Youwei's younger brother]. Changsu, Liang Rengong, and Wang Shaoyun took re fuge here in Japan. Rengong, ming Qichao, had the childhood name of Zhuoru. } got to know hirn in Shanghai. Shaoyun bears the ming of Zhao. Although Yamamoto said nothing here of whatever plans or schemes he may have had with respect to the 1898 Reform Movement, his chronological autobiography notes: On September 27, } went to Tokyo because ofthe incident in China .... On Oetober 5, } returned to Ösaka and formed a group whieh was ealled the Nis-Shin kyöwakai (Sino-Japanese Cooperative Society) .... At the end of Oetober, I heard that Kang Changsu, Wang Shaoyun, and Liang Rengong had gone to Tokyo. On the 29th, } went to Tokyo together with Kang Mengqing and met with all three men. To help these men in their work, 'on the 7th, } held a party at the Biichi Pavilion with Yamada Shunkei, Izumida Jirö, and Kajima Nobushige, among others. } proposed the matter ofthe Nis-Shin kyöwakai. Many people were in attendanee.'

Qingyi bao and the Datong School It was not long thereafter that Liang Qichao and others began publieation in 1898 of the thriee-monthly Qingyi bao (Journal of Pure Diseussion), and when

219 Japan and China overseas Chinese living in Japan in 1899 established the Datong School, they contacted Yamamoto and sought his cooperation. In an entry for 1899 in his chronological autobiography, he noted: 'In the winter of last year, Kang Mengqing went to Yokohama and began to publish Qingyi bao [nominally owned by Feng Jingru and edited by Liang Qichao - Masuda]. I was asked to write for it.' A look at the full run of Qingyi bao now reveals that from the second number there was a column under the title 'Lun Dong-Ya shiyi' (On Conditions in East Asia), and these serial editorials were signed 'Baigai Yamamoto Ken.' Also from the second number, there was aspace at the end of each issue for 'places serving as agencies for the journal,' and there one may find 'Mr. Yamamoto, head of the Baiseisho Academy, No. I Tanimachi, Higashi-ku, Ösaka.' From the third number, though, the words 'Mr. Yamamoto' were no longer printed. In other words, Yamamoto's academy served as an agency for the sale of Qingyi bao in Ösaka. Once again, his chronological autobiography went on to say: 'People from Guangdong contributed funds and created the Datong School in Yokohama to teach Chinese students.n Through Mengqing's introduction I was asked to serve as headmaster. I could not abandon my own academy and move, so I had to turn down the ofTer.' The fact that Yamamoto would be invited to serve as headmaster for the Datong School, built by determined overseas Chinese for the purpose of educating their children, is an indication of the trust he had inspired in them. In the tenth issue of Qingyi bao, there was an article entitled 'Datong xuexiao kaixiao ji' (Record of the Opening of the Datong School). Similarly there is a detailed account of the school in the Geming yishi (Unofficial History of the Revolution)O by Feng Ziyou who was a student in its first class. Kang Youwei's disciple, Xu Qin (Junmian), took up the post as the school's principal, though former Minister of Education Inukai Ki (1855-1932) was asked and accepted a place as honorary principal. According to the article in Qingyi bao, in addition to Inukai, the following Japanese attended the opening ceremonies of the school: Ökuma Shigenobu (former prime minister, 1838-1922), Takata Sanae (1860- 1933), Mochizuki Kotarö (1865-1927), Nakanishi Masaki, Kashiwabara Buntarö, Hirayama Shü, and Miyazaki Torazö (1870-1922), fifteen invited guests in all. On March 14, 1899, Yamamoto received a telegram from Tokyo and left for the capital. Narahara Nobumasa (1863-1900), a secretary in the foreign ministry, acting on the position held by Foreign Minister Aoki Shüzö (1844- 1914), asked Yamamoto to get Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and Wang Zhao (1859-1935) to leave Japan for the United States. The Foreign Minister considered it harmful for diplomatie relations with China to have these three men in Japan [the Qing govemment had made this request of the Japanese Foreign Ministry - Masuda], and in view of his close ties with Kang Mengqing, they sought to use Yamamoto to effect this plan. However, as he wrote, 'a hunter cannot bare to enter the lair of a trapped bird and kill it,' and Yamamoto refused the request of the Foreign Ministry. Through Kang Mengqing, Yamamoto

220 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) revealed to the three men that the Japanese government intended to expel them. Glad to obtain this information from hirn, the three men then promised to proceed to the United States. Kang Youwei received 15,000 yen from the Foreign Ministry and set off first (to Canada), but Liang and Wang refused to leave because they feit that the amount of travel funds provided by the Japanese government was too small. This story is recounted in Yamamoto 's chronological autobiography. In 1900 the Boxer Uprising erupted in China, and troops sent from eight nations, inc1uding Japan, Great Britain, Russia, France, Germany, and Italy, entered Beijing from Tianjin. At the time Yamamoto wrote in his autobiography: 'I wrote to Prime Minister Yamagata [Aritomo, 1838-1922] and Foreign Minister Aoki, forcefully arguing for an overall plan to help the Chinese government,' but concrete details of his 'forceful argument' are not given. In November 1901, he noted that 'Liang Qichao has asked that I translate Seiji hanron (Outline of Government).' It is unc1ear if this request ever materialized or, if so, whether he ever se nt it to Liang. In February of the following year, Liang inaugurated his semi-monthly journal Xinmin congbao (New People's Miscellany) in Yokohama, and published serially his famous essay 'Xinmin shuo' (On the Renovation ofthe People). Perhaps Liang needed a translation of Seiji hanron as a reference work for his writing. An investigation of the early issues of Xinmin congbao does not turn up the name of this work in Yamamoto 's translation. Furthermore, the Yamamoto bunko tosho mokuroku (Book List of the Holdings in the Yamamoto Collection) does indicate two works entitled Seiji hanron. The first is in one stringbound volume, published in 1895, 'by Woodrow Wilson of the United States, translated by Takata Sanae.' The second is in two stringbound volumes, published in 1883, 'by George H. Eaman [?], translated by Kobayashi Eichi.'

A Quiet Lire in Okayama In 1904 Yamamoto moved to Ushimado in Okayama prefecture. 'Ever since I bathed in waters off Ushimado again,' he noted, 'I wanted for three years to move there,' and 'Ushimado was in a remote area by the sea, an area good for nurturing mind and body.' Thus, he selected this place and moved there largely for health reasons. One further reason may have been that, since the start of the Russo-Japanese War that year, 'people's minds are unsettled. I unexpectedly sensed this among my new students.' As an 'Afterward' to this year in his chronological autobiography, Yamamoto added: 'My written and published work over the past few years inc1ude Enzan sosui kiyü, 'Dong-Ya shiyi,' and Riben wendian (Grammar of Japanese) .... 'Dong-Ya shiyi' was published in the Yokohama journal Qingyi bao, and Riben wendian was published by a Chinese in Shanghai.' He then went on to list the 'foreigners who have visited me over the past few years .... Among the Chinese

221 Japan and China were Jiang Shixing, Song Shu, Wang Kangnian, Luo Zhenyu, Li Jun, Wang Zhao, and Liang Qichao. Among the Koreans were Yi Tuho and Cho Üiyön.' This is an indication that Yamamoto's acquaintances of this period were linked with questions conceming East Asia. According to his chronological autobiography, when Yamamoto was 66 in 1918, he visited Harbin via Korea, before settling back down in Ushimado. In the Hiroshima area, Shikoku, and the Kyoto area, he gave invited lectures at a host of pi aces, attended meetings of poetry and tea ceremony groups, enjoyed fishing, and generally spent his last years in leisurely pursuits. His chronological autobiography ends in August 1927, probably because he became weak due to illness and 'while sick my fingers trembled, I couldn't write.' He died in Ushimado in September 1928 at the age of 76. According to his will, Yamamoto's books were donated to the Okayama Prefectural Library. Although we do now have the Yamamoto bunko tosho mokuroku, his entire collection is said to have been destroyed during the war.

Travelogue and Historical Poems Today, two works by Yamamoto, a one-volume work entitled Enka manroku (Travels amid Smoke and Mist) and Baiseisho eishi (Historical Poems from the Baiseisho},P are held in the Hakuen Collection ofKansai University Library. The two printers were former students and friends of Yamamoto's, and while the former work appeared while he was living, the latter appeared a full year after his death. Enka manroku is a short narrative (in literary Chinese), only fourteen leaves in length, of Yamamoto's travels in the cold, misty valleys of Sanuki and Shödojima. In the margins of each page are short Chinese poems contributed by various literary men, such as Kubö Rakoku (the printer?). Also, at the end the impressions and comments of several men are added, and among them are such complimentary passages as that of [the Confucian scholar] Fujiwara Nangaku (1842-1920): 'This piece of writing is meticulous in structure, vigorous in its language. It is worthy competition for San'gan and Senshü. It deserves our praise and appreciation.' Perhaps Nangaku's last sentence was a consequence of his own origins in Sanuki. This connection, it would seem, was the means by which this thin volume ended up in the Hakuen Collection. The Baiseisho eishi is a collection ofpoems by Yamamoto written in the seven• character line quatrain style, dealing with historical personages from Japan and China. Although titled 'historical poems,' they are more historical evaluations for which Yamamoto borrowed a poetic form. Many also have added to them impressions and comments in an apparent effort to explain the poems' contents. Chinese and Japanese historical figures, weil over 100 in all, are taken up, from Sugawara no Michizane, Kusunoki Masashige, Zhuge Liang, Wen Tianxiang, Fang Xiaoru, Lin Zexu, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Nawa Nagatoshi, Ishida Mitsunari, Katö Kiyomasa, and Yui Shösetsu to Saigö Takamori, Ökubo

222 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) Toshimichi, Etö Shinpei, and Soejima Taneomi. He also has pieces in it not confined to a single individual, such as 'Wakö' (Japanese Pirates), 'Toku Höjö kyüsei shi' (Reading the History of Nine Generations of the Höjö Family), 'Toku Fushimi sen ki' (Reading the Chronic1e of the Fushimi War), 'Toku Saden' (Reading the Zuozhuan), 'Toku Sanyö gaishi' (Reading [Rai] Sanyö's Unofficial History of Japan), 'Hyö Töbu höchü' (Comment on the Murders Carried out by Tang and Wu), 'Toku kagaku jigen' (Reading the Elementary Learning and Simple Language), 'Hyö tösö' (Comment on Clique Fighting), 'Hyö sei-Kan eki' (Comment on the War against Korea), and 'Hyö Yasokyö' (Comment on Christianity). He also included poems on historical texts and historical facts. As a whole they amount to short pieces of intrepid historical criticism. If we were to derive from this work characteristics of Yamamoto 's view of history, we find his sense of values most plainly apparent in his own likes and dislikes which were rather different from general views of history at the time. We can see here a kind of rebellious spirit at work. For example, in his poem about Tokugawa leyasu, he wrote: 'Old friendships were ephemeral to hirn. How could one prolong them alone? In one 's lifework one had only oneself. The most injurious approach one could take was to engrave slander on a bell. After first establishing a government, he wanted to keep it in his family forever.' Similarly, another poem about leyasu is stinging: 'His craft and deceit were like that of an old fox. He sought help and endured suffering, but always used deception. He planned his whole life only for his own family. Old friendships and new favors were not part of his vision.' Diametrically opposite is a poem he wrote for Ishida Mitsunari: 'He summoned the men with whom he had established ti es of obligation, and their might was a force to behold. The tide of fortune was against hirn, and he was soon killed. From times past, historians have frequently written falsely about hirn, saying he was deceitfully servile and slandered loyal officials.' In his poem for Öno Harunaga, he wrote: 'He sacrificed his own life in loyalty to his lord to repay a debt of gratitude. Who might grace his doorway now? There have been few such heroic figures ever. For whatever reason, historians have spread false tales about hirn.' And, by way of explanation, he added: 'Past historians have said that men of great fairness emerged in the Tokugawa era, but this is false.' In his poem about Katö Kiyomasa, he wrote: 'To the old bandit's [Ieyasu] many schemes, he [Katö] added treachery. He willing accepted restraint with hands tied. Sadly, good and bad were based on his partiality, and vainly he obtained a large fiefdom.' To this Yamamoto added: 'Kiyomasa and Masanori were both related by marriage to Hokuchö [i.e., the Asano family, Hideyoshi 's wife], and throughout their lives submitted absolutely to the control of leyasu. They received large fiefdoms, which gave no advantage whatsoever to their lord [the Toyotomi house]. When their lord's family perished, his fiefs were seized as weil. It was as if they were unaware of this dishonor.' Yamamoto noted in his chronological autobiography something that can be seen in these historical poems as weil: 'Ever since I was young, I had always

223 Japan and China revered Toyotomi Hideyoshi. I thus set my he art on settling in Ösaka.' However, the hatred he feit for Tokugawa Ieyasu (in Yamamoto's words, he was as crafty as an 'old fox') who had seized Hideyoshi's position and replaced hirn appears repeatedly, and he expressed it with particular maliciousness. Whether or not this point of view is justified, it is a clear indication of Yamamoto 's basic sense of human nature.

Commentary on the Nihon gaishi (Unofficial History of Japan) and on the Chinese Revolution In his poem on the Nihon gaishi of Rai Sanyö (1780-1832), Yamamoto offered a stinging evaluation: 'When he [i.e., Rai] described affairs, he generally wrote impressionistically, based on unfounded talk. His powerful pen in this piece was frequently deceptive, threatening the common run of men by indiscriminately showing off his talent.' After this poem, he added a long note: 'Ever since the Meiji Restoration, Sanyö's Nihon gaishi has become thought of as the best work of history. Shisei [Sanyö's style] used his wide knowledge and great talent, there not being a single standard history or popular account that had escaped his perusal. Still, Mr. Rai 's Nihon gaishi is no more than a piece of fiction. It should not be regarded as a work of history. ' Thus, Yamamoto argued, it was not a work of history, but historical fiction. The reason he offered is as folIows: The Kawagoe battle took place in broad daylight. One Honma, with a lantern as his standard, fought with Daidöji and died. Shisei argued that since a work by one Hiratsuka claimed that the lantern standard was extraordinary, the battle must have been fought at night. One cannot lose sight of the facts when depicting the events of history. Shisei thus, according to his own idea of things, changed daytime to night. Similarly, at the battle of Tennözan, Horio Mosuke ascended first from the west, laid an ambush, and waited, and when the army of Matsuda Tarözaemon arrived from the east, his men fired at themall at once and wiped them out. Sanyö argued that both armies came along the same route. He claimed that because the enemy's archers and riflemen were lying in wait, it was an uninteresting battle, but his version of the story twisted the facts. At the battle of Shizugatake, Lake Yoko was about 2.5 miles in circumference, and Sakuma Morimasa arrived in the evening by the northern edge of the lake. Nakagawa Kiyohide 's fort was located close by, to the east ofthe lake. 'Ifhe [Sakuma] followed the lake around to the south, he would come to the foothilIs of the mountains by dawn.' Even if they were to have gone slowly from north of the lake to the foothills, it would have taken no more than the time necessary to eat a meal. And if they set out at twilight to the south, who knows how far they might have gotten by dawn? After leveling this sort of cross-examination, Yamamoto took Sanyö to task: 'His neglect of topography was like this as weil.'

224 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai) Finally, the Nihon gaishi in its opening volume lamented the fact that the court's authority had fallen into the hands of the warrior c1ass, and in his chronic1es of the Tokugawa house, he forcefully extolled the shogunal govemment. This was a clear contradietion in the points being made: 'Which of these is his judgment?' Yamamoto conc1uded: 'People today all sing the praises of the Nihon gaishi. Ever since the Meiji Restoration, people have used this work to understand govemment. How strange!' As noted earlier, Yamamoto was sympathetic to and worked on behalf of the late-Qing reform group ofKang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Inasmuch as Kang and Liang were struggling to protect the Qing emperor and institute reforms, they were no revolutionaries butjust reformers. Irrespective ofwhether it was linked to this, Yamamoto was in agreement with those Chinese who wanted to overthrow the Manehu dynasty, and still he was opposed to republieanism after the revolution in favor of a monarchie al form of govemment. Among his historieal poems is one entitled 'Hyö Shinkoku kakumei' (Comment on the Chinese Revolution), and in it we find the following: 'Heaven will help the Chinese people and overtum the Manchu Qing. A military encounter is brewing for some future day. Sadly they are recklessly intoxieated with republieanism, but they need a wise sovereign to secure the four borders.' To this he added the following note: That the Manchus run the govemment is the shame of the Chinese. This eertainly makes sense. lt would be best to seleet and install a wise ruler, for failing that, the present fighting will continue unabated. The present situation resembles the regional dominance of commanderies in the Tang dynasty. Nothing restrained them. This is much Iike the vain intoxication with republicanism: The sovereign lacks the virtue and influence to pacify them. Although it appears as though this was a work of 1921, from our present perspective Yamamoto, nurtured by the old eulture and with his 'fervent belief in the way of Confucius,' demonstrated certain temporal limitations about which there is nothing we can do.

Rongo shiken (My Views 00 the Aoalects) Yamamoto noted that in his early years he enjoyed the histories more than the c1assics, but in his later years he devoted his heart and soul to his Rongo shiken (unpublished). According to an entry for Oetober 1911 in his chronological autobiography, Yamamoto 'began a second draft of Rongo shiken' at that time, and the following year he noted: 'I worked on a second draft of Rongo shiken from the spring on, and even the blistering hot days did not halt my brush.' Under 1913, he wrote: 'I eompleted a third draft of Rongo shikö [probably a misprint from Rongo shiken] this year.' For November 1914, he wrote: 'I began a fourth draft of Rongo shiken in the fall and I reorganized its structure.' For 1915, 'I completed a fifth draft of Rongo shiken on December 28'; for 1922, 'I

225 Japan and China completed a seventh draft of Rongo shiken in the spring'; and for January 1923, 'I have been at work editing and punctuating Rongo shiken, completed on the 26th.' In a postface to his Baiseisho eishi of December 1923, we find: 'I have not returned to my study to work on Rongo shiken.' At that time serious stornach trouble prevented hirn from writing. These references indicate that after retiring to Ushimado, Yamamoto devoted a number of his last years to writing Rongo shiken, although he passed away before seeing it completed. Although Yamamoto claimed to have enjoyed the histories more than the classics when he was young, it would seem that he came to devote hirnself to the task of writing an explanation of the Analects of Confucius because it was with this work that he ran his academy and instructed his students. In an entry for 1889, the year after his prison sentence was completed and he was released and returned horne, his chronological autobiography noted: '} published some of my writing, and I noted the dates on them counting from the birth of the Sage [Confucius].' Also, for 1905, the year he moved to Ushimado: 'Ever since } first gathered the academy students together in 1889 and carried out the ceremony of prayer to Confucius, I have always done so every year on the shangding day in spring and autumn. I still do it here in Ushimado.' These references indicate that since he opened his academy and began teaching students, particularly as the years passed following his release from prison, Yamamoto seemed to be becoming a Confucianist.

Poetry as the Avocation of the Confucian Scholar The Baiseisho eishi has 'Introductory Remarks' by Watanabe Tokujirö, one of Yamamoto's disciples, in which he offers an explanation of the dictinctive character of Yamamoto's historical poetry. He argues that it is better to see them as the expression of a particular historical perspective than as poems stressing such and such a meter or rhyme scheme. This may have been a general point of view shared by these men at the time. Yamamoto hirnself seems to have considered his poetry the work of a young hand, worthy of no praise at all. In an entry for 1895 in his chronological autobiography, he wrote as weil: I was unskillful in poetry and thus did not ordinarily write many [poems] .... After being released from prison in 1888, I frequently went with rny late father on journeys to the outskirts of the city or to a poetry club. Although I worked hard at composing poetry, few of them are worth reading. By the time my father passed away, I was still poor in the composition of poetry. For this reason I have written scarcely any poems over the past year. Watanabe Tokujirö had the following to say in his 'Introductory Rernarks': The master was born into a hereditary Confucian household in Sagawa domain of Tosa, continuing his grandfather's work. Although he lived by

226 Appendix: Yamamoto Ken (Baigai)

the classics and pro se writing, early on he dedicated himself to a patriotic concern for the public welfare, and he traveled about the land to make contact with many men of will. The master was very much one of those men who used Confucianism to vehemently argue the issues of the day. His prose was thus particularly strong in historical analyses. Furthermore, the spiritual acuity of his insight and the preeminence of his argumentative skills gave rise to the idea that he surpassed his predecessors. Nevertheless, he himself called his poetry, which dared not even adhere to the mies of meter and style, the avocation of a Confucian scholar. Thus, while seen from the perspective of his poetry alone, there is much that might be suggested, one must ne ver assess the master's poetry in comparison to that of poets. This collection should be read more with his historical analyses in mind. I for one cannot agree with aimlessly discussing it on the basis of the mies of meter and style.

His Self-Composed Epitaph and Inscription On the back side of the page with Yamamoto's photo at the beginning of the Baiseisho eishi, he included an epitaph and inscription that he wrote for himself. Carving his own epitaph, it was an autobiography which he wanted to leave for posterity. It is simple, and I would like to conclude this piece by introducing it in full. The master's posthumous name was Ken, his azana was Eihitsu, his childhood name was Hantarö, and his style was Baigai. He was from Tosa domain. His late father's posthumous name was Ren, and his mother's maiden name was Myöjin. As a young man he devoted himselfto concerns of the nation, and he was incarcerated for several years before being pardoned. He opened an academy in Ösaka and in his later years moved to Ushimado. He was born on the twelfth day of the second month of Kaei 5 [1852]. He died on XXXXXXXX. His funeral was held at XXXXXX. The master believed fervently in the way ofConfucius, and his worry on behalf of conditions of the day never flagged until his death. He despised Christianity. He behaved with honesty and integrity, and he did not go along with the mainstream. Inscription signed: How insignificant this miniscule body Buried beneath stone. One thousand years from now, Nay, will anyone appreciate me? Inscription composed and executed by Yamamoto Ken himself. For the former set of eight blank spaces (XXXXXXXX), it should read: September 6, 1928. For the latter six blank spaces: 'Ushimado, Okayama prefecture. '

227 Japan and China Three phrases in the text belie a eertain eoneeit and self-praise on Yamamoto's part: 'As a young man he devoted himself to eoneems of the nation'; 'his worry on behalf of eonditions of the day never flagged until his death'; and 'He aeted with honestly and integrity, and he did not go along with the mainstream.' Still, when the lines, 'One thousand years from now,l Nay, will anyone appreeiate meT reveal a tinge of loneliness eontrary to his vanity. They strike one as the voiee of an old politieal aetivist who has been disappointed. Postface. There is a text entitled Tsuitöji (Memorial Address) by Kokubo Kishiehi whieh is owned by one of Yamamoto's deseendents. In it one finds the following lines: 'When the late Count ltagaki founded the Jiyütö in 1881, Yamamoto joined together with other fellow loeals. He was on partieularly friendly terms with two of them, Kataoka Kenkiehi and Nakae Chömin.' This would lead us to believe that Yamamoto joined the Jiyütö from the very beginning.

228 Notes

Note: All numerical notes are those of the author; alphabetical ones are those of the translator.

INTRODUCTION a. Helpful in the preparation of this brief introduction to the life and work of Masuda Wataru were the following two artic1es: Matsueda Shigeo, 'Masuda Wataru san no omoide arekore' (Various memories of Mr. Masuda Wataru), Bungaku 45 (May 1977), 548-52; and Katayama Tomoyuki, 'Hensha atogaki' (Editor's postface), in Seigaku tazen to Chilgoku jija, 'zassho' sakki (The Eastern Movement of Western Learning and Conditions in China: Notes on 'Various Books') (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1979), pp. 351-61. b. (Tokyo: Sairensha, 1935). Published after the war as Chilgoku shasetsu shi (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1962). c. (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1935). A fuller edition was published after the war in thirteen volumes: (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1956, reprinted 1964). d. Initially published in Chilgoku koten bungaku zenshil (Complete Works of Classical Chinese Literature ) (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1959), volume 22; published separately by Heibonsha in 1963; and reprinted in Chilgoku koten bungaku taikei (Series on Classical Chinese Literature) (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1979), volumes 40-41. e. (Tokyo: Ködansha, 1948, reprinted 1956); Chinese translation, Lu Xun de yinxiang, by Zhong Jingwen (Changsha: Hunan renmin chubanshe, 1980). Other works by Masuda concerning Lu Xun inc1ude: Ro Jin no kotoba (Lu Xun's Words) (Tokyo: Sögensha, 1955); and Ro Jin annai (A Guide to Lu Xun) (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1956). He also wrote Chügoku bungaku shi kenkyil. bungaku kakumei to zen :va no hitobito (Studies in the History of Chinese Literature: The Literary Revolution and People on Its Eve) (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1967).

CHAPTER ONE a. (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1966). b. In Meiji ishin shi kenkyil (Studies on the History of the Meiji Restoration), ed. Shigakkai (Tokyo: Fuzanbö, 1929, 1930), pp. 432-58. c. The Kaiseijo, earlier known as Kaisei gakkö, was the shogunate's school for teachers of Western 1earning and Western-style mathematics. In 1863, its name was changed to

229 Japan and China Bansho shirabesho; in 1868, the Meiji government restored its original name as Kaisei gakkö; it was renamed the next year Daigaku nankö; and, after several more name• changes, it became Tokyo University in 1877. The edition ofthe Wanguo gongfa cited here is held in the collections of Harvard-Yenching Library and the library of the University of California, Berkeley. I. The person who entered the Japanese reading punctuation in the text is not made explicit, but it was Nishi Amane (1828-97) according to Ötsuki Nyoden, Nihon Yögaku hennen shi (Chronological History of Western Learning in Japan), with additional annotations by Satö Eishichi (Tokyo: Kinseisha, 1965). d. Also held in the collection of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. e. The text of the Shigeno translation with extraordinarily helpful annotations can be found in Honyaku no shisö (Ideas of Translation), volume 15 in the series, Nihon kindai shisö taikei (Compendium on Modem Japanese Thought), ed. Katö Shüichi and Maruyama Masao (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1991), pp. 43-90. There is an appended essay by Zhang Jianing on the textual history ofthe Wanguo gongfa as well (pp. 381-405). One other volume in this line, held in the collections of Harvard• Yenching Library and the Starr Library (Columbia University), is Theodore Dwight Woolsey (Wuerxi, 1801-89, translated by W. A. P. Martin), Gongfa bianlan (Guide to International Law) (Beijing: Tongwenguan, 1877). f. In his Kinsei Nihon no kokusai kannen no hattatsu (The Development of Modem Japan's International Conception) (Tokyo: Kyöritsusha, 1932), pp. 26-50. g. Respectively in his Ishin shi sösetsu (Essays on Restoration History) (Tokyo: Gakuji shoin, 1935), pp. 25-58; and Meiji ishin (The Meiji Restoration) (Tokyo: Hakuyösha, 1943), vol. I, pp. 107-46. 2. In his 'Kaigai chishiki' (Knowledge from Overseas), in Kinsei södan (Modem Stories) (Tokyo: Hokkai shuppansha, 1944 [pp. 174-230)), Watanabe Shüjirö writes: 'In a letter dated fourth month, 1868, Saigö Takamori [1827-77], considered the man who had contributed the greatest military exploits to the political cause of the Restoration, included the words: "I responded to the English minister that Tokugawa Yoshinobu would be treated according to internationallaw (bankoku köM) and would not be subject to attack." Can we see here how the understanding of internationallaw at that time offers a glimpse into the political situation?' h. An 1880 edition (Beijing: Tongwenguan) of this translation can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library and the Starr Library, Columbia University. 3. In Meiji bunken mokuroku (Bibliography of Meiji Documents), ed. Takaichi Yoshio (Tokyo: Nihon hyöronsha, 1932), the reading 'Gatchin' is written in Japanese syllabaries beside the Chinese characters for Hobson 's name. This is incorrect. 1. A copy can be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library, published by the Hui'ai yiguan. J. No copies of Xiyi lüelun, Fuying xinshuo, and Neike xinshuo are apparently to be found in library collections in the United States, according to the printed catalogues available. I recently found the first and third of these, dated Ansei 5 (\ 858) and Ansei 6 (1859), respectively, as well as an 1857 edition of Quanti xinlun for sale in a printed catalogue of the Tokyo bookstore, Töjö shoten. k. (Tokyo: Kokusho kankökai, 1914), three volumes. 4. At the time, Japanese intellectuals were able to read Kanbun (classical Chinese). Precisely because the population of Kanbun-readers was so overwhelmingly large, these medical texts could be diffused in Japan and made use of. 5. I would like to add the following note. Western medical science, it is usually argued, was introduced to China by foreign missionaries at the end of the Ming dynasty. Jean Terrenz (Deng Yuhan, 1576-1630) - Swiss missionary to China, friend of Galileo, and a man knowledgeable in medicine - worked, together with Matteo Ricci, to

230 Notes implement calendrical reforms. He also prepared - working with Li Zhizao (1565- 1629) in Hangzhou in the waning years of the Chongzhen reign (1628-44) at the end of the Ming - an abridged translation of the work of Andreas Vesalius (1514-64), a Belgian considered the father of modem anatomy, under the title Renshen gaishuo (Outlines of the Human Body) in two juan. It seems that this text on human anatomy was not at all widely disseminated in China, nor was it conveyed to Japan. Had it been introduced to Japan, it probably would have helped Sugita Genpaku in his painstaking work of translating Kaitai shinsho (New Work on Dissection, 1774) in his Rangaku kotohajime (The Beginnings to Dutch Leaming).

CHAPTER TWO a. A copy mayaiso be found in the collections of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, and the Starr Library, Columbia University. b. The Masuda Bunko, held at Kansai University in Suita, holds another edition of this work: Kikusui Kyozö, 1868, in two stringbound volumes. See Kansai daigaku shozö Masuda Wataru Bunko mokuroku (Listings of the Books in the Masuda Wataru Archive Held at Kansai University) (Kyoto: Döbösha, 1983), p. 62. c. In Bakumatsli Meiji Yasokyö shi kenkyii (Studies in the History of Christianity in the Bakumatsu and Meiji periods) (Tokyo: Ajia shobö, 1944); (Tokyo reprint: Nihon Kirisutokyödan shuppankyoku, 1973), pp. 177-204. In this later edition, 'Shina' has been changed to 'Chiigoku' throughout. d. A copy mayaiso be found in the collections of Harvard-Yenching Library and the Starr Library, Columbia University. e. A copy mayaiso be found in the collections of Harvard-Yenching Library and the Starr Library, Columbia University. l. Theories concerning 'dynamics' (Ch. lixue, 1. rikigaku) can already be seen in the 1854 (Kaei 7) work, Rigaku teiyö (Summary of the Physical Sciences), compiled and edited on the basis of Dutch books by the physician and Dutch Learning scholar Hirose Motoyasu. My copy ofthis work has a first part with four stringbound volumes and a second part with one [Kyoto: Tennöjiya Ichiröhee]. f. Copies of the original can be found in the Starr Library, Columbia University and Harvard-Yenching Library. There are also two reprints held in the collection of the latter: Changsha: Shangwu paiyinben, 1939; and Taibei: Xuesheng shuju, 1965, six volumes. 2. The word used for 'geometry' is pronouncedjihe in Chinese, much like the first part of the term in Latin, Geometria, and some have considered it a loan into Chinese; there was also a certain sense of free translation introduced in the characters chosen to convey the sound, for they ordinarily mean 'sorne' (as in some money or some time). On this subject, Watanabe Shiijirö writes in his Kinsei sösetsll: 'An English-Japanese Dictionary published as early as 1862 translated geometry as sokuryögaku. Nonetheless, from the Meiji period forward the term kikagaku (Ch. jihexue) became the conventional term for geometry. The fact that so me people criticized as inappropriate the use of the Chinese characters now read kikagakll (but potentially misread, reftecting the ordinary meaning of the term) and not using the term for geodesy reftects adesire to translate the actual meaning of "geometry" into Japanese.' I also have a text by Wylie entitled Shuxue qimeng (Rudiments of Mathematics) ([in twojuan] with a postface dated 1853 by his disciple lin Chengfu). The place of publication is not indicated, as only the year is given on the cover. Since my copy carries the designation 'kanban' (official publication), we know it to be a Japanese reprint. It contains such technical terms as reducing fractions to common denominators (tsiiblln), reducing fractions to lowest terms (yakllbun), repeating decimals (junkan shösii), extraction of square roots (kaihei), and logarithms (taisii),

231 Japan and China and it has a table of logarithms as an appendix. A one-volume Japanese reprint is listed as weil in the Naikaku Bunko Kanseki bunrui mokuroku (Catalogue of Chinese Books in the Naikaku Bunko [Tokyo: Naikaku Bunko, 1956]). In this same catalogue, a Japanese reprint of a book entitled Daishuxue (Elements of Algebra, by Augustus de Morgan) (1. Daisügaku) is listed as weil, 'orally translated by Wylie, transcribed by Li Shanlan,' dated 'Meiji 5 [1872], proofread by Tsukamoto Ki.' g. (Tokyo: published by Kariganeya Seikichi, printed by Kikuma gakkö meishinkan). h. There is also a Meiji 36 (1903) edition of this work in the Masuda Bunko. 3. He later served as one of three assistants to the Bible Translation Committee (comprised of three foreign missionaries ) founded in 1874, and he was of particular help to James Curtis Hepbum (1815-1911). We can now see that he used as a reference the Chinese translation of the Bible and that he adopted unchanged from that translation the Gospels, the Acts of the ApostIes, Revelations, and the like. I have made a prehminary comparison of the Chinese and Japanese translations of the Bible and found an enonnous amount simply carried over from the fonner into the latter. The translation of the Bible began in Japan in 1874 and was completed in 1880. See Yamamoto Hidetaru, Nihon Kurisuto kyökai shi (History of the Christian Church in Japan) (Tokyo: Kirisuto kyökai jimusho, 1929). The great efforts to which Okuno went in punctuating and translating this and other Chinese texts are manifest. I also own a three-volume Kunten Kyüyaku seisho (Old Testament with Reading Punctuation) (1883) and Kunten Shin 'yaku seisho (New Testament with Reading Punctuation) (1884) - both published in Yokohama by the 'American Bible Company' - which are the Chinese translation of the Bible with reading punctuation and Japanese syllabaries added to indicate inflection in Japanese. These seem to have circulated rather widely, for some appeared with different bindings from the same publishers. I also have another work translated by Okuno, Jidu shilu (The True Story of Christ, 1. Kirisuto jitsugaku), 'written by Alexander Williamson, transcribed by Dong Shutang of the Qing' (published by lijima Seiken, 1882 [in Tokyo]).

CHAPTER THREE a. No such work appears in the Masuda Bunko. Masuda apparently meant the Chikan keimö jukka shobu (Elementary School Lessons of the Circle of Knowledge), and incorrectly wrote as the title what this work actually is, a Japanese reprint of the Chinese text. b. (Hong Kong: Ying-Hua shuyuan [London Missionary Society Press], 1856). A copy of the 1864 second edition is held in the collection of Califomia State Library, Sacramento. c. (Kamakura: Mikuni sha, 1940); (Tokyo: Nagasaki shoten, 1941); (Tokyo reprint: Heibonsha, 1963). d. (Tokyo: Takayama shoin, 1940). e. (Tokyo reprint of 1882 original: Gengendö, 1940). Also in volume 17 of Meiji bunka zenshü (Collected Writings of Meiji Culture), ed. Yoshino Sakuzö (Tokyo: Nihon hyöron sha, 1927-30). f. The expression honjo is here translated as 'main office,' although Honjo might as weil refer to a district in Edo. Thanks to Professor Zhou Qiqian for pointing out this possibility to me. I. These can be found in Yamaguchi Muneyuki, Zenshü mishü Hashimoto Sanai kankei shiryö kenkyü (Studies of Historical Materials Conceming Hashimoto Sanai Not Found in His Collected Works) (Kururne, 1940, not for sale). 2. Narushima Ryühoku has also written: 'Yanagawa sensei ryakujö' (Brief biography of Professor Yanagawa) and 'Yanagawa sense i itsuji' (Unknown facts about Professor

232 Notes Yanagawa), both included in Ryühoku ikö (Ryuhoku's Posthumous Manuscripts) (Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1892-93) in two volumes. Narushima notes that he enjoyed a 'particu1arly close friendship with' Yanagawa, and he lauds the latter's genius to the stars. 3. Ötsuki Fumihiko, Fukken zassan (Miscellaneous Collection of Fukken) (Tokyo: Köbundö shoten, 1902). g. In his Bakllmatsu Meiji Yasokyö shi kenkyü, pp. 123-39.

CHAPTER FOUR I. I have seen only a copy of this work, not the original. 2. Morrison was the author of a history of the countries of the world, entitled GlIjin wanguo gangjian lu (Narrative Record of the Countries of the World, Past and Present), which was reprinted in Japan in the Meiji period [with reading punctuation by Ötsuki Masayuki in three stringbound volumes, Tokyo: Higashinari Kamejirö, 1874]). As for Lin Zexu, many are the sections in Wei Yuan's Haigllo tuzhi which be ar the mark of Lin's 'explanation.' More will follow on this theme. a. The bibliographic information that follows comes from examination ofthese works in the Masuda Bunko at Kansai University: Shuxue qimeng, two juan, by Alexander Wylie (postface dated Xianfeng 3 [1853]) and an Edo reprint of the same text; Yinghllan zhi lüe, ten jllan, by Xu Jiyu (Zongli yamen, Tongzhi 5 [1866]) and a Japanese reprint of the same edition with reading punction added by Inoue Shun'yö and Moriogi Sonosa no kami Ryuho (published by Miyajima Yaisaemon et al., printed by Taibikaku, Bunkyü 1 [1861]); Diqiu shuotüe, by Richard Quarterman Way (1819- 95) (Ningbo: Huahua shengjing shufang, Xiangfeng 6 [1856]) and a Japanese edition with reading punction by Mitsukuri Genpo (Edo: Yorozuya Hyöshirö, Man'en I [1861), printed by Rösökan); there is a Japanese edition of the Wanguo gangjian tu, entitled Bankokll kökan roku wage, four stringbound volumes, translated by Ötsuki Kiyoyuki and Watanabe Yakurö (Tokyo: Toriya Gisaburö, 1874, printed by Kafuseisha); Da Yinggllo shi, eightjllan, translated by William Muirhead (Shanghai: Mohai shuyuan, Xianfeng 6 [1856)); b. Copies of this text can be found in the collections of the Starr Library, Columbia University, and the Harvard-Yenching Library. 3. See Kondö Seizai zenshü (Collected Works of Kondö Seisai) (Tokyo: Kokusho kankökai, 1906), vol. 3. 4. See Ayusawa Shintarö and Ökubo Toshiaki, Sakoku jidai Nihonjin no kaigai chishiki (Tokyo: Kangensha, 1953). c. A copy of the original can be found at the Harvard-Yenching Library. d. (Tokyo: Min 'yusha, 1900). 5. Fukuchi also notes that Iwase had a bit oftraining in Dutch Leaming. Kurimoto Joun (1822-97), administrator in the foreign office who was resident in France in the bakumatsu period and who rushed horne when news of the Meiji Restoration reached hirn (and later became head of Höchi shinblln), has noted that Iwase worked hard to turn general Dutch Learning toward more know1edge of English studies. In his letters to Hashimoto Sanai, Iwase addressed them in English and horizontally to: 'Sanai (sama) Higo' (see Hashimoto Keigaku zenshü, vol. 6, letters). e. In Hashimoto Keigaku zenshü (Collected Works of Hashimoto Keigaku) (Tokyo: Unebi shobö, 1943). 6. Iwase and Hashimoto were agreed (as was Shungaku for that matter) in their desire to see Hitotsubashi Yoshinobu succeed to the position of shögun. f. Published posthumously in two volumes by the Yao shoten (in Tokyo) in 1896, with a preface by Katsu Kaishu (1823-99).

233 Japan and China g. (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1927); (Hong Kong reprint: Taiping shuju, 1964). 7. In Yoshida Shöin, 'Shotoku zasshü' (Collected Letters), section two of Shöin sensei icho (Posthumous Works of[Yoshida] Shöin), ed. Yoshida Kurazö (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1909), volume 2. 8. In Yoshida Shöin, 'Yüshitsu bunkö' (Manuscripts in a Oarkened Room), in Shöin sensei icho (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1908), volume I. 9. On Iwase Higo no kami, Kurimoto Joun has written 'Iwase Higo no kami to jireki' (Account of Iwase, Lord of Higo), in Höan jüshu (Ten Pieces from the Gourd Hut) (Tokyo: Höchisha, 1892). Kurimoto and Iwase studied together at the Shöheikö, the official bakufu college. This essay describes Iwase's personality and career in a little more detail. For even greater detail on Iwase, see Öta Kumatarö, 'Iwase Tadanori,' in a special issue (autumn 1926) of Chüö shidan (published by the Kokushi köshükai) on the subject of 'individuals in the late Tokugawa and Meiji eras.' h. In Tökö sensei ibun (The Literary Remains ofTakasugi Shinsaku) (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1916). i. Not for sale (printed by Nakamuda Takenobu in 1919). IO.Inc1uded in Bunkyü ninen Shanhai nikki (Oiaries of Shanghai In 1862) (Tokyo: Zenkoku shobö, 1946).

CHAPTER FIVE I. With Russians already beginning to appear from time to time in Hokkaidö to the north, in Kansei 9 (1797), Öhara Sakingo (Oonkyö, d. (810) wrote Hokuchi kigen (Alarming Words about the Northem Lands) in 1797. The edition ofthis work in my possession, dated 1888, was published as a supplement to the Tökyö nichinichi shinbun, with an introduction by Fukuchi Gen'ichirö (1841-1906). Furthermore, in the tense atmo• sphere with Russian and British ships off Japanese and Chinese coasta1 waters, Koga Oöan (1788-1847) in 1838 (Tenpö 9) wrote Kaibö okusoku (Speculations about Coastal Oefenses). My woodblock-printed edition of this work, dated 1880, carries prefaces by Yamagata Aritomo (1838-1922) and others [Tokyo: Hidaka Seijitsu, one stringbound volume]. Both works attracted considerable attention. Ouring the Kaei reign period (1848-54), as British and American ships arrived at Japanese shores and imperial instructions on strictly enforcing coastal defenses were isssued several times, Shionoya Töin wrote the Chükai shigi (Personal Views on the 'Chouhai' Chapter [Wei Yuan's first chapter in the Haiguo tuzhi]); my edition ofthis work [dated 1851] carries the tag 'Töin's unpublished manuscripts' and is a copy of that owned by Tamura Hisatsune, daimyo of Kashiwahara. In 1853, with the arrival of Perry's ships at Uraga and Putiatin's at Nagasaki, the Kaiböbi ron (On Coastal Oefense Preparedness) by Fujimori Tenzan (Köan, 1799-1862) appeared; my edition ofthis work is a copy with a postface dated Kaei 6 or 1853. These works too created a major sensation. When Townsend Harris arrived to demand a commercial treaty with Japan, views on coastal defenses were already an established phenomenon. Translator's note. Öhara's work is also to be found in Chihoku güdan (Stories about the North), ed. Ötomo Kisaku (Tokyo: Hokkö shobö, (944). a. (Suita: Kansai daigaku Tözai gakujutsu kenkyüjo, 1967). b. (Shanghai: Taidong tushuju, 1925), two volumes. 2. (Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, (958), pp. 633-40. This work comprises volume 5 of his Zhongguo sixiang tongshi (Comprehensive History of Chinese Thought). [It appeared separately in 1956 with the subtitle: Shiqi shiji zhi shijiu shiji sishi niandai (From the Seventeenth Century Until the I 840s)]. 3. In Zhongguo jindai sixiang shilun wenji (Historical Essays in Modem Chinese Thought) (Shanghai: Renmin chubanshe, 1958), pp. 11-25.

234 Notes c. It is hard, so far removed in time and space and with Masuda no longer alive, to know if he really found these absurd arguments the least bit convincing or interesting. Like the opening quotation to this book from Mao's On the People~· Demoeratie Dietatorship, such use of contemporary Chinese references were probably being used largely to add some sort of authority to the topic under discussion. In other words, Wei Yuan's thought certainly is important in and of itself and influential in nineteenth• century Japan, precisely as Masuda has shown and will show further. To drop citations about the 'progressiveness' (in Marxist-Leninist terms) ofhis thought not only has no place in this discussion; it is virtually meaningless, unless the author is merely trying to demonstrate that contemporary Chinese scholars (and hence the Chinese government) accept Wei Yuan as 'important.' This phenomenon is not unique to Japanese scholars. d. (Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1957). 4. Also, the Yapian zhanzheng shiqi sixiang shi ziliao xuanji (Selected Materials on the Intellectual History ofthe Period ofthe Opium War), ed. Editorial Selection Group on Modern History of the Modern History Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1963) first transcribes Wei Yuan's introduction to the Huangehao jingshi wenbian (pp. 1-2) and then proceeds to his introductions to the Shengwu ji (pp. 73-74) and the Haiguo tuzhi (pp. 74-75), followed by the first four sections of 'Chouhai pian' from the main text of the Haiguo tuzhi (pp. 75-86). e. (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1959). f. In Yinbingshi wenji (Collected Essays from an Ice-Drinker's Studio) (Taibei: Taiwan Zhonghua shuju, 1960), vol. 3 (originally published in 1902). 5. I have searched through the three volumes of the Dai Saigö zenshü (Collected Works of the Great Saigö Takamori) (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1926-27), but I have been unable to find any reference to the relationship between Saigö and the Haiguo tuzhi. Perhaps, Liang Qichao was mistaken. g. Japanese woodblock edition (preface dated 1871 by Katsu Kaishü), I volume. The Seiken roku was written originally in Kanbun. Masuda's edition is in one stringbound volume, printed in Tokyo by Morita Tetsugorö. This translation follows Masuda 's modern Japanese rendition with help from CharIes Terry's somewhat outdated English version, as it appears excerpted in SOl/rees of Japanese Tradition, ed. Ryusaku Tsunoda, Wm. Theodore de Bary, and Donald Keene (New York: Columbia University Press, 1964), vol. 2, pp. 105-07. I take responsibility for all errors. 6. I have a one-volume copy ofthis work in which Shözan discusses policies for coastal defense. It is included in Fujita Mokichi, Bunmei tözen shi (A History ofthe Eastward Movement of Civilization) (Tokyo: Höchisha, 1886). h. Edited by Yoshida Kurazö (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1908-09), two volumes.

CHAPTER SIX I. Yoshimoto Noboru, Kaishü sensei: Hikawa seiwa (Katsu Kaishü: Pure Conversations from the Icy Stream) (Tokyo: Kyökan bunbö, 1902); revised edition (Tokyo: Köno Seikökan, 1909). a. Saiyü nikki, in Yoshida Shöin zenshü (hereafter, YSZ), ed. Yamaguchi ken kyöikukai (Tokyo: Daiwa shobö, 1976), volume 9, pp. 23-107. 2. Furthermore, according to the Töin sensei nenpu (Chronological Biography of Shionoya Töin), edited by Töin's grandson, Shionoya Tokitoshi (Seizan) (n.p.: Shionoya On, 1923), Ahen ibun (in seven volumes) was compiled by Töin in Köka 4 (1847) when he was 39 years of age [East Asian style]; 'prior to that time the Opium War had occurred in China, and with the growing sense of crisis feit [in Japan], sensei said that we had to make preparations. Thus, he compiled the Ahen ibun in seven

235 Japan and China volumes. Such domains of Chöshii, Satsuma, Saijö, and Sakura dispatched men to copy this text which hence served as a waming.' From this we leam that various domains vied to chronicle the Opium War in China as an 'exhortative lesson' (imashime no kagami) which might bear upon the destiny of Japan itself. b. The original in nine stringbound volumes by Hara Nensai (1774-1820) is in Kanbun: (Ösaka: Kawachiya Shigebee, et al., 1816; Gungyoku shodö, eight kan), held in the collection of the Harvard-Yenching Library. Other editions in the Masuda Bunko include: (Tokyo: Shöeidö shoten, 1899) and (Yiihödö shoten, 1920). It was translated into Japanese and edited by Oyanagi Shigeta (1870--1940) (Tokyo: Shun 'yödö shoten, 1936). c. The two works by Takano Chöei can be found in the collection of the Harvard• Yenching Library. Yume monogatari has been reprinted in Watanabe Kazan. Takano Chäei. Kudä Heisuke. Honda Toshiaki, ed. Satö Shösuke (Tokyo: Chiiö köron sha, 1972). In Juroku can be found in the Naikaku Bunko. Chen 's work has been printed in many editions, such as: (Taibei: Taiwan yinhang, 1958). d. Yamaga was a lineal descendent of the great philosopher Yamaga Sokö (1622-85). See YSZ, 7:27, n. I. Masuda mistranscribes the date here, as it should be eighth month, 23rd day, the same date as the letter itself; see YSZ, 7:80--81. e. In Noyama goku bunkä (Manuscripts from Noyama Prison), in YSZ, 2:333-35. The original Kanbun texts of the Noyama goku bunkä have been annotated by Andö Kiichi, Kunchu Yoshida Shäin sensei Noyama bunkä (The Noyama Prison Manuscripts of Yoshida Shöin with Annotations) (Yamaguchi: Yamaguchi-ken kyöikukai, 1932). 3. From this point on, Shöin is refering to 'Yi zhan' (On war), the third part of 'Chouhai pian' in juan I of the Haiguo tuzhi. f. In Noyama goku bunkä, in YSZ, 2:322-23. g. In YSZ, 2:93-131. The Chinese author was Luo Sen. 4. See my 'Man-Shin kiji to sono hissha, waga kuni ni tsutaerareta "Taihei tengoku" ni tsuite' (The Man-Shin kiji and its author, how the 'Taiping Heavenly Kingdom' was transmitted to Japan), in Torii Hisayasu kyäju kakö kinen ronshu (Essays in Honor of Professor Torii Hisayasu on the Occasion ofHis 61st Birthday) (Tenri: Torii Hisayasu kyöju kakö kinen, 1972). 5. The 100-juan edition which Iown is a reprint edition ofthe Guangxu I (1875) text; it carries a postface by Zuo Zongtang (1812-85) and was published by Shanghai shuju in 1895. In the 60-juan edition [Taibei reprint of the 1847 edition: Chengwen chubanshe, 1966] fromjuan 53 on and in the 100-juan edition fromjuan 84 on, both texts are concemed with issues of manufacturing cannons, ships, explosives, and telescopes; also, it covers the earth and astronomy, and in various sections there is material on coastal defenses and military preparedness. h. The Xiao!ang huzhai yudi congchao is a work in 84 stringbound volumes (ce), comp. Wang Xiqi (1855-1913), originally published in Shanghai (Zhuyitang, 1877-97). Lin Zexu's Sizhou zhi appears in the 82nd ce. It has been reprinted several times: (Taibei: Guangwen shuju, 1964; Taibei: Taiwan xuesheng shuju, 1975).

CHAPTER SEVEN I. In the prewar period, 'Sibei buyao' was aseries ofreprints offine works published by Zhonghua shuju. 2. Also it might be argued that, because those responsible for the Opium War, with the cruel consequences it brought, were still alive and held power as high officials of the court, there was reason to fear it. a. See Chapter Ten below for more on this work.

236 Notes b. Kimura Kaishü's work (Tokyo: Köjunsha, 1892) has been reprinted: edited by Nihon shiseki kyökai (Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1978), 2 vo1umes; Katsu Kaishü's work (Tokyo: Kunaishö, 1891) has been reprinted: (Tokyo: Hara shobö, 1968), 2 vo1umes; Naitö Chisö's work (Tokyo: Tögaidö, 1888 or 1889); Ökuma Shigenobu's work (Tokyo: Waseda University Press, 1913) has been reprinted: (Tokyo: Jitsugyö no Nihonsha, 1913); and Yoshino Maho's work (Tokyo: se1f-pub1ished, 1883), seventeen kan, has been reprinted: (Tokyo: Gannandö shoten, 1968). c. (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1892); reprinted several times, such as: (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1926); (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1967); (Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1978). 3. In the 'Zhongguo jindai shi ziliao congkan' (Publication Series of Materials on Modem Chinese History) series, there are six volumes of documents entitled Yapian zhanzheng (The Opium War) (Shanghai: Shenzhou guoguangshe, 1954); the sixth vo1ume includes 'Yapian zhanzheng shumu jieti' (Explanation of Writings on the Opium War). d. Rev. ed. Rong Mengyuan (Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1954), pp. 3-33. e. Liang's work has been reprinted several times: (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1959); and (Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1970). Yao's work (Shanghai: Xin zhishi chubanshe, 1955) was reissued more recently: (Beijing: Renmin chubansha, 1984). 4. Shi Daogang has put forth the thesis that 'Daoguang yangsao zhengfu ji' was not the work of Wei Yuan at all, but actually fourteen years prior to the revised edition from the Shenbaoguan, its ancestor text, 'Yingjili yichuan rukou ji' (Account of the plunder by the barbarian ships of England) (Iater retitled 'Yangwu quanyu' [The origin of Western affairsJ) by Li De'an was published in Tongzhi 4 (1865); and borrowing Wei Yuan's name, he made aseries of revisions to the text, thereby changing its original appearance. Shi 's view has given rise to a debate with Yao Weiyuan who thoroughly denies this entire position. The May 3, 1959 issue of Guangming ribao carried an essay by Shi entit1ed 'Guangyu "Yangwu quanyu" yishu' (On the essay 'Yangwu quanyu'); and in the December issue of Lishi yanjiu that year, Yao published a rebutta1 entitled 'Guanyu 'Daoguang yangsao zhengfu ji' de zuozhe wenti' (Questions concerning the author of the 'Daoguang yangsao zheng fu j i'). The debate was not over, for in the April 1960 issue of Lishi yanjiu Yao responded with "'Daoguang yangsao zhengfuji" zuozhe wenti de zaishangquan' (Renewed discussion of the questions of authorship of the 'Daoguang yangsao zhengfu ji'), and it spawned a variety of rebuttals. The reason this text was later included in the Shengwuji has given rise to a number of different points of view. I do have sufficient space to give a detailed explanation for the position I have taken, and while each point can convincingly be made, it cannot be made decisively.

CHAPTER EIGHT a. The factory director, or opperhoo{d as he was known in Dutch, was referred to by the Japanese as Kapitan or 'Captain.' See Grant K. Goodman, Japan: The Dutch Experience (London: The Athlone Press, 1986), p. 13. 1. Preface dated 1870, contained in Töin sonkö (Extant Writings of [Shionoya] Töin), [Tokyo: Yamashiroya Kiyoyoshi], kan 4. b. (Tokyo: Minyüsha, 1894); (Tokyo reprint: Tokyo University Press, 1979). c. The name ofthe 'Captain' is given here in Japanese syllabaries; I have been unable to identify hirn. d. (Tokyo: Kokusho kankökai, 1913). e. (Tokyo reprint: Töyö bunko, 1958-60), four volumes. f. In his Nichi-Ran bunka köshö shi no kenkyü (Studies in the History of Japanese-Dutch Cultural Interaction) (Tokyo: Yoshikawa köbunkan, 1959), pp. 178-200. This work was reprinted in 1986. g. Published as the third issue of Nihon kobunka kenkyüjo hökoku (Tokyo, 1937).

237 Japan and China

CHAPTER NINE a. See Dona Torr, ed., Marx on China, 1853-1860: Articles [rom the 'New York Daily Tribune' (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1968). b. Adapted from W. G. Beasley, trans. and ed., Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy: 1853-1868 (London: Oxford University Press, 1955), p. 131. c. Covering the period from Köka 2 (1845) to Ansei 6 (1859). d. Respectively: appended to the Dai Nihon komonjo (Ancient Documents of Japan) (Tokyo: Shiryö hensanjo, Tokyo Imperial University, 1922); and in Ishin shi gakkai and Maruyama Kunio, eds. (Tokyo: Zaisei keizai gakkai, 1942-44), six volumes. e. Ed. Ishin shiryö hensan jimukyoku (Tokyo: Meguro shoten, 1937-40), five volumes. f. The Masuda Wataru bunko mokuroku lists two unsigned manuscript copies of this text, one formerly belonging to Imazeki Tenpö. The Yifei janjing tu can be found in the Chinese collections of both the Harvard-Yenching Library and the Hoover Institution (Stanford University). The former is a two-volume Japanese manuscript edition, and the latter is dated Kaei 4 (1851) and contains Japanese reading punctuation; hence, both should really be listed as 1hi hankyö roku and placed in their respective Japanese collections. g. Included in volume six of the documentary series Yapian zhanzheng (The Opium War), ed. Zhongguo shixuehui (Shanghai: Xin zhishi chubanshe, 1955), six volumes. I. I may be getting ahead of myself, but let me mention the [unsigned] Renyin Zhapu xunnan tu (Record ofThose Who Gave Their Lives at Zhapu in 1842), cited as a 'book still being sought' in section nine ofthe aforementioned 'Yapian zhanzheng shumu jieti'. It, too, is an extremely rare work in China, but I have a copy of it in my own collection. Published in the 24th year ofthe Daoguang reign (1844), compiled by Shen Yunshi. h. (Tokyo: Meiji shoin, 1905). i. A copy of this work (dated Ansei 4), printed by the Meirindö, can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library, listed as a Chinese work, Yi(ei janjing wenjian tu in six juan; inasmuch as this title circulated solely in Japan, it should be in the Japanese collection and titled 1hi hankyö bunken roku. j. (Tokyo: Yoshikawa köbunkan, 1962). k. Edited by Hattori Unokichi (1867-1939), and, according to the introduction, compiled by Kanda Kiichirö and Nagasawa Kikuya (Tokyo: Bunkyiidö shoten, Shöundö shoten, 1933). I. (Tokyo: Teikoku chihö gyösei gakkai, 1914). 2. In the revised edition of the Seikadö bunko Kanseki bunrui mokuroku, there is the addition of an entry for 1hi hankyö kenbunroku in six volumes, 'published in Ansei 4 (woodblock printing, Takanabe domain).' The edition printed at the Meirindö in Takanabe domain was photolithographically published by Kyüko shoin in 1974 as the first volume in aseries entitled Wakokuhon Min-Shin shiryöshü (Collection of Documents from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Japanese Woodblock Editions) (Tokyo: Koten kenkyükai, 1974); it was based on the text held in the library ofthe late Obama Toshie. m. (Tokyo: Seikadö bunko, 1930); (Taibei reprint: Guting shuwu, 1969).

CHAPTER TEN 1. In Shöin zenshü (Complete Works of [Yoshida] Shöin) (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1935), volume 9. 2. Yoshida Shöin copied out separately the 'introductory comments' and bibliography from this book. a. Published by the Iwase bunko, Nishio city, Aichi prefecture, 1936.

238 NOfes b. Printed by the Kokö shokyokuzö in the Kaei period in one stringbound volume. There is a reprint of the Tokushi zeigi: (Tokyo: Zuiöginsha, 1938). A copy can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library. c. In one stringbound volume (Sendai: Ise Yasuemon, 1879). d. Two stringbound volumes (Sendai: Saitö Daizaburö, 1893). e. (Tokyo: Rikugökan, 1927). It was later appended to Kokusho kaidai (Japanese Books, Annotated) which was compiled initially by Samura Hachirö (1865-1914) and reprinted several times: (Tokyo: Rikugökan, 1900, 1926); and (Tokyo: Yoshikawa Hanshichi, 1904). Either it was reprinted again thereafter, or Masuda has confused something, for the Nihon sösho mokuroku only appeared in 1927. 3. The Ban shi received a certain amount of attention from scholars concerned with events overseas. Yoshida Shöin, in a letter to his eider brother, Sugiume Tarö, dated the eleventh month of Ansei I (1854), wrote: 'I have taken a glance through Saitö Chikudö's Ban shi and [Yasuzumi] Gonsai's Yö shi kiryaku (Brief Chronicle of Western History). If you have the opportunity, I would gladly offer them to you.' Yasuzumi's work, correctly titled Yögai kiryaku (BriefChronicle ofthe West) (preface dated Kaei 1 [1848], written in Kanbun) circulated widely in manuscript form. I have two such copies: one in one stringbound volume; another in three stringbound volumes but dated Genji 1 (1864).

CHAPTER ELEVEN a. The Chinese characters given for these biblical and post-biblica1 proper nouns are given in the glossary under their English spelling. b. Noah 'walked with God' (Genesis 5:9). c. 'Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations' (Genesis 6:9). d. Edited by Kaikoku hyakunen kinen bunka jigyökai, this volume is the work of both Ökubo and Ayusawa Shintarö, each authoring discrete sections of the text. It was reprinted unchanged by Hara shobö (Tokyo) in 1978. e. The Masuda Bunko does have a copy of the Yögai tsiiran but not of the Seiyö shöshi; thus, Masuda or his editor may have meant the reverse of what appears in this text here. f. This work by You Tong appears in volume 18 of his Xitang quanji (Collected Works of Xitang [You Tong]) (Changzhou, Kangxi era). The Japanese edition referred to here was published in Ösaka by Yoshino Rokubee et a!. g. Printed in Ise by Matsuura Hiroshi. The original Chinese text is the work of Chen Zhaokui eta!. h. Written by Hayano Kei (Edo, 1850), five volumes; a copy of this rare work can be found in Harvard-Yenching Library.

CHAPTER TWELVE 1. There are biographies of Huang Juezi in Qing shi gao (Draft History of the Qing Dynasty), 'liezhuan' (biographies), 165; and Qing shi liezhuan (Biographies in Qing History), zhuan 41, 'Dachen zhuan xu' (Biographies of high officials, continued), section 6. 2. Yasuzu Motohiko, 'Kaisetsu' (Explanatory Essays), in Satö Nobuhiro shii, in Kokugaku taikei (Compendium on Nativism) (Tokyo: Chiheisha, 1943). 3. Mori Senzö, Salö Nobuhiro, gimon no jinbutsu (Satö Nobuhiro, Dubious Personage) (Tokyo: Konnichi no mondaisha, 1942). a. Respectively: (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1927), edited by Takimoto Seiichi (1857- 1932); in Nihon bugaku taikei 22 (Collection on Japanese Military Science, Volume 22) (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1942).

239 Japan and China 4. Perhaps, because many of Satö's writings were published during the Meiji period, little detail is now known about them. I have a manuscript copy ofthis work which I believe is from the bakumatsu era. It is printed on Mino paper in eight kan and four stringbound volumes, and it covers the Opium War in considerable detail. It has apreface dated the second month ofKöka 2 (1845) and the final kan includes both 'military strategy at sea' and 'military strategy on land.' At the very end, it reads: 'Fifth day, fifth month, first year of Kaei [1848]. Chin' en Satö Nobuhiro.' Thus, it would seem that the work was completed in 1848. It has been reprinted in the Satö Nobuhiro bugaku shü, ed. Nihon bugaku kenkyüjo, Nihon bugaku taikei 23 (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1943). In comparing the Kairiku senbö roku which is included in Kaikoku kigen with Suiriku senpö roku, one can readily see that the gist ofthe former has been condensed in the latter. However, Suiriku senpö roku contains rather long commentaries under the aegis of 'Chin'en shi iwaku' (Mr. Chin'en's [i.e., Satö Nobuhiro's] remarks) at the end of each section of the text; these are comments of a 'military strategie' nature. All of these commentaries are absent in the Kairiku senbö roku. The Kairiku senbö roku is missing from the list of Satö 's writings. This would seem to indicate that it was composed by someone else extracting the essentials ofthe Suiriku senpö roku and taking out the commentary passages. b. Edited by Yasuzu Motohiko, in the Kokugaku taikei (Compendium on Nativism) (Tokyo: Chiheisha, 1943). c. (Tokyo: Hokkai shuppansha, 1941). d. (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1976), p. 2289.

CHAPTER THIRTEEN a. The editor of the original is given as the proprietor of the 'Xiaoheng xiangshi' (Shanghai: Zhonghua yuanyin sanbanben, 1917); (Shanghai reprint: Zhonghua shuju, 1921); (Shanghai reprint: Shanghai shudian, 1981, three volumes). Masuda cites the second of these three and the Masuda 8unko has the seventh edition (Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1936); Harvard-Yenching Library has the 1917 and 1981 editions in its collection. b. In addition to the 1868 edition cited by Masuda, Harvard-Yenching Library also has two Taibei reprints by Wenhai chubanshe (1962 and 1967). Xia Xie wrote under the pseudonym Jiangshang Jiansou. c. The full title of Duncan MacPherson 's work is: Two Years in China. Narrative ol the Chinese Expedition. from its formation in April. 1840. to Aug.. 1842. With an appendix. containing the most important of the general orders and despatches published. .. (London: Sauders and Otle, 1843). d. Respectively: (Tokyo: 8essho heishichi, 1887) and (Köfu: Naitö Tsutauemon, 1881). 80th can be found in the collection of the Harvard-Yenching Library. e. Rev. ed. (Tokyo: Shun 'yödö shoten, 1936, 1944). f. The author's name is given as Tokai Gyojin or Fisherman ofthe Eastern Sea, certainly a pseudonym. g. (Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1894), one stringbound volume. I. In this connection, let me note in advance that the Ei-Shin ahen sen shi was translated in an abridged edition and published by the Datong yishuju in Shanghai in lithograph form by Tang Rui (Juedun, a man from Fanyu, Guangdong) in eightjuan during the Guangxu era; it appeared with the title Yingren qiangmai yapian ji (Account of the Forced Sale of Opium by the English). I have not seen the work myself, but it is held in the Guangdong Provincial Library according to a note in volume six of Yapian zhanzheng, ed. Zhongguo shixuehui which transcribes the text. Except for the notice 'written by a Japanese,' there is no mention that the author was Matsui Kökichi. When

240 Notes we compare the translation with the Ei-Shin ahen sen shi, we can see that it was a translation of this work into Chinese. An explanatory note in the Yingren qiangmai yapianji [po 513] reads as folIows: This work was originally written by a Japanese whose name is now unknown. The translation is extremely poor. In particular, the names of foreigners were first translated from English into Japanese and then from Japanese into Chinese; as such, they have traveled from their original pronunciation and in many cases cases may be unrecognizable. For example, [the Chinese translator] rendered the English King Kyöchi [Ch., Qiaozhi, or George] as Qiyaoqi; and the English Consul Giritsu [Ch., Yilü, or Elliott) as Xianliyazi. In content, it makes use of English accounts, and thus there is considerable detail on the actions ofthe English side. The assistance rendered to the Chinese in the war by the Russians, which is described in this work, is material not to be found in other books. There are numerous errors in the chronicling in this work. One especially egregious [error], for example, can be found in the reference to the fact that the Daoguang Emperor took re fuge in Fengtian because he was defeated in the war. My view of the author's argument is that it demonstrates the attitudes of one group of Japanese in the late Qing who worked with great intensity to bring about the reform [of China] as early as possible. h. (Edo, Kaei 3 [1850]). 1. (Shusai Ö, Kaei 2 [1849]). j. (Tokyo: Rikugökan, (900). k. (Osaka: Oshimaya Ihee, Ansei 2 [1855]). The Kaigai shinwa (Edo, (849), the Kaigai shinwa shüi (1949), the Kaigai yowa (n.p., Ansei 2 [1855]), and the Kaigai jitsuroku (1854 preface) can all be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library. Only the Kaigai yowa is a different edition than that mentioned by Masuda whose copy predates the Harvard-Yenching edition.

CHAPTER FOURTEEN (Concerning this chapter, see Bob T. Wakabayashi 's article, 'Opium, Expulsion, Sovereignty: China's Lessons for Bakumatsu Japan,' Monumenta Nipponica 47.1 [Spring 1992], pp. 1-25, which offers a fine analysis of Mineta Fükö's work - JAF) a. The following can all be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library: Kaigai shimm (Edo: n.p., (849); Shusai Ö, Kaigai shinwa shiii (Edo: n.p., (849); Kaigai jitsuroku (Edo: Suharaya Mohee, (854), five kan, with other editions published under the title Kaigai jitsllwa (True Stories from Overseas); and Kaigai yowa (n.p.: Köyodö zöshi, (855). A copy of the Kaigai shinwa can also be found at UCLA. b. (Tokyo: Asakaya shoten, (926); revised and enlarged edition (Seikökan shuppanbu, (929). c. Copy in the Harvard-Yenching Library and in the collection of the Hoover Institution, Stanford University: (Tokyo: Kokusho kankökai, 1910-11), five volumes. d. (Tokyo: Iguchi shoten, 1943). e. (Chiba: Chiba Yajiuma, 1919).

CHAPTER FIFTEEN a. Respectively: (Tokyo: Töhö jironsha, 1917); (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1931); (Tokyo: Dokuga shoin, 1915-16), two vo1umes; and (Tokyo: Dokuga shoin, 1919). b. (Tokyo: Dai Nihon tosho, 1914; Kyoto reprint: Shibunkaku, 1971). 1. See 'Shotoku zasshü' (Collections of Letters), in Yoshida Kurazö, ed., Shöin sensei icho (The Posthumous Works of Yoshida Shöin), volume 2 (Tokyo: Min'yüsha, 1909).

241 Japan and China c. A copy of this edition can be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library. d. Ed. Ishin shiryö hensan jimukyoku (Tokyo: Meguro shoten, (937). e. (Tokyo: Shun'yödö, (926). f. (Tokyo: Fuzanbö, (939).

CHAPTER SIXTEEN a. This may be amisprint or a transription error. The text in the Masuda Bunko gives 'Tödo haiya no hanashi' (Story of a Chinese ashman) as its subtitle. b. A copy of this edition of Shin Min gundan can be found at Harvard-Yenching Library. Franz Michaellists the five-volume woodblock-printed edition ofthis work, published by the Aoe juku in 1854: The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents (Seattle: University of Washington Press, (971), vol. m, p. 1764. c. A copy of these editions of both the Man-Shin kiji and the Shin zoku ibun may be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library. Michael (vol. m, p. (764) lists a five-volume woodblock edition of the latter work, published by Tenjikurö in 1855. I. They took the Susong Circuit Intendant Wu Jianzhang prisoner and put to death the Shanghai County Magistrate Yuan Shide. 2. They seized and occupied in rapid succession the county of Shanghai and five more in its immediate vicinity: Jiading, Baoshan, Nanhui, Chuansha, and Qingpu. They then proceeded to the west and attacked nearby Taicang. d. In Shanghai zhanggu congshu (Collection of Records of Shanghai) (Shanghai: Shanghai tongshe, (935). 3. Yi jing 26 (March (937). In addition, historical material on the Small Sword Society has been gathered from many directions (including documents of foreigners, such as the articles in the North China Herald) and published in Shanghai Xiaodaohui qiyi shiliao huibian (Collection ofHistorical Materials on the Uprising ofthe Small Sword Society in Shanghai), ed. Institute of History, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe. 1964). This work is in excess of 1000 pages, but its third volume, entitled 'Shanghai Xiaodaohui qiyi zongxu' (General Account of the Uprising of the Small Sword Society in Shanghai), provides a comprehensive discussion of the activities of the Small Sword Society and its historical background.

CHAPTERSEVENTEEN a. (Tokyo: self-published, (883). This work in seventeen traditional volumes was reprinted by Gannandö shoten (Tokyo) in 1968. This edition can be found in the Masuda Bunko. b. Franz Michael Iists a work in fifteen volumes with this (romanized) title, giving an estimated date of 1855 for publication by Kinseikaku. The Taiping Rebellion, vol. m, p. 1763. Given the great difference in size of these two works, though, it is extremely unlikely that they represent the same texts.

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN a. This is a reference to Shiji 7: 'Xiang Yu benji' (The Basic Annals of Xiang Yu): 'Hsiang YÜ led his entire forces aeross the river. Onee aeross, he sank all his boats, smashed the cooking pots and vessels, and set fire to his huts, taking three days' rations, to make clear to his soldiers that they must fight to the death, for he had no intention ofretuming.' Records o{the Grand Historian: Chaptersfrom the Shih Chi o{ Ssu-ma Ch 'ien, trans. Burton Watson (New York: Columbia University Press, 1969), p. 77. For an extremely useful. annotated edition of much of the Shiji, see Tanaka

242 Noles Kenji and Ikkai Tomoyoshi, trans. and anno!., Shiki, So-Kan hen (Records of the Grand Historian, Chu and Han Sections) (Tokyo: Asahi shinbunsha, 1974). The reference here appears on p. 34 of this edition. I. In Yoshida Kurazö, ed., Shöin sensei icho (The Posthumous Works of Yoshida Shöin) (Tokyo: Min 'yusha, 1909), volume 2; and in Yoshida Shöin zenshü, volume 2, pp. 93- 121. The latter of these couplets did in fact appear at the beginning of a section of documents on the Triads in the Chinese work, Taiping tianguo shiliao (Historical Documents on the Taiping Rebellion) (Beijing reprint: Zhonghua shuju, 1959); in the last form, the expression of 'proceeding immediately to cleanse' has been changed to 'proceeding immediately ahead.' b. Printed in Japan with Japanese reading punctuation: (Nagasaki: Ryokuten sanbö, Ansei I [1854]). Another edition of this work, dated Ansei 2 (1855), is also to be found in the Masuda Bunko. The text has been reprinted as weIl in the Wakokuhon Min-Shin shiryöshü, volume 2. 2. See Taiping tianguo shiliao congbian jianji (CoIlection of Historical Documents on the Taiping Rebellion, Abridged Edition), ed. Taiping tianguo lishi bowuguan (Historical Museum of the Taiping Rebellion) (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1961-1963), 6 volumes. 3. (Beijing: Kaiming shudian, 1950; reprinted, Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1955). The latter is edited by Jin Yufu and Tian Yuqing, et al. 4. (Tokyo: Shiryö hensanjo, Tokyo University, 1922). The text notes that they could not 'now obtain an original edition' of the Xiaer guanzhen. c. Reprinted together with another work by Kawaji, Nagasaki nikki (Nagasaki Diary) (Tokyo: Heibonsha, Töyö bunko series # 124, 1970), ed. Fujii Sadafumi and Kawata Sadao. 5. In Appendix One, 'Bakumatsu gaikoku kankei monjo,' in Dai Nihon komonjo. d. Yoshida Shöin zenshü, volume 2, p. 99. e. (Shanghai: Guangzhi shuju, 1911). According to Kawabata Genji, this work was entitled Jindai Zhongguo bishi (Secret History of Modern China) and published in 1904; it was a coIlection of documents conceming the revival of the Han people. See Kawabata, 'Kindai Chugoku hishi,' in Ajia rekishi jiten (Historical Encyclopedia of Asia) (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1960), vol. 3, p. 21 b. 6. For example, the name 'Wan Da Hong' in a placard of a Triad group appears changed in Zhongguo jinshi bishi as 'Wan Sui Hong,' and 'Wan Sui Hong' refers to Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan of the Taipings. 7. In Torii Hisayasu sensei kakö kinen ronshü: Chügokll no gengo to bungakll.

CHAPTER NI NE TEEN a. Michael (p. 1763) has similar, though less detailed, information, except that he lists the publisher as Sanpöken. b. Michael (p. 1753) lists a woodblock print work which may be the same as this one: Shin Min kassen senki, five volumes, published by the Sanpöken in 1854. c. (Liulichang, Beijing: Bansong jushi). I. Before this work appeared, the Taiwan waiji (Extemal Chronicle of Taiwan) by Jiang Risheng (30 volumes, with apreface dated Kangxi 43 [1704] by Chen Qi) was a novel that took the form of a historical biography; it ci ted the Xiaotian jinian fllkao as a reference (see below). In Jiang's work, Gan Hui's name appears as 1:t:l:!li (the two characters • and :.t!Ii are effectively the same), and the points where he is reviling the last Qing commander whom he encounters and is then kiIled are practically identical pro se passages in the two works. In the Taiwan waiji, though, Gan Hui is captured and dies at Chongming after the defeat at Nanjing.

243 Japan and China d. This work can be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library, where the author is given as Ukai Sekisai and publication information: (Edo: Nakamura Shinshichi, 1725). The Masuda Bunko text contains the same pub1ication information. e. Zheng Juzhong (Yizou),jinshi of 1700, pub1ished Zheng Chenggong zhuan in 1702; a copy can be found in the collection of the Harvard-Yenching Library. A Japanese edition (dated Ansei 3 [1856]), pub1ished in Ösaka, can also be found in this same collection. f. Qing su jiwen (Tokyo: Suharaya Mohee, 1876), six stringbound vo1umes, ed. Nakagawa Chüei; (Tokyo reprint: Heibonsha, 1965), ed. Nakagawa Chüei, Son Hakujun, and Muramatsu Kazuya, two volumes. Liang Zonglin, Jingchu suishiji (Ösaka: Kitada Kiyozaemon, [Genbun 2] 1737).

CHAPTER TWENTY 1. Later reprinted in Kokushijö gimon no jinbutsu, chüshin ka gyakushin ka jitsuzai ka densetsu ka (Mysterious Figures in Japanese History: Loyal Retainers? Rebellious Servants? Really Existed? Rumors?), ed. Kokushi köshükai (Tokyo: Yüzankaku, 1926). a. (Ösaka: Ösaka shi sanjikai, 1911), six vo1umes. b. (Tö-A shobö, 1910); later revised and published in 1942 by Sögensha in Ösaka, in the Nihon bunka meicho series. 2. In Ögai zenshü (Collected Works of [Mori] Ögai) (Tokyo: Chikuma shobö, 1973), volume 15, pp. 1-79. [Masuda used an earlier edition ofthis work). c. Discussion of the Ösaka Öshio Heihachirö bankiroku appears in Ögai 's appendix, in Ögai zenshü, 15:59-60; the chronological biography appears on pp. 62-69. Ögai's account of Heihachirö was first published in 1914. 3. Inoue Tetsujirö, Nihon Yömeigakuha no tetsugaku (The Philosophy of the Wang Yangming School in Japan) (Tokyo: Fuzanbö, 1900). Reprinted by Fuzanbö in 1903 and 1913. d. The Senshindö sakki has been published in many editions. The Masuda Bunko has three editions: preface dated 1835, published by the Seigidö, on thin paper in two stringbound volumes; Yoshikawa Nobutarö, ed. (Ösaka: Mitamura Köji, 1939); and Yamada Jun, ed. (Tokyo: Iwanami shoten, 1941). An 1833 edition in three stringbound volumes is held in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library. I have also located reprints of 1910, 1913, and, most recently, 1978 by Chüö köron sha. e. (Tokyo: Fuzanbö, 1924-25). 4. For example, under the entry for Tenpö 817/19 in Bakin nikki shö (Selections from the Diary of [Takizawa] Bakin), ed. Aeba Köson (Tokyo: Bunkaidö shoten, 1911), where it reads 'the incident involving Öshio is said to be under carefu1 scrutiny in Edo,' Haga Yaichi (1867-1927) adds a detailed explanation: 'Although there are numerous facts that can be related concerning this case, we already have a number of accounts, including Ösaka ikki roku (Account of the Osaka Uprising), Tenpö nikki (Tenpö Diary), Jitsuji dan (Story of the Truth), and Seiten hekireki (A Bolt from the Blue) .... In addition, [the evidence] has been most carefully investigated and corroborated in a fine work recently published, Öshio Heihachirö, by Köda Shigetomo.' f. (Tokyo: Taitökaku, 1920). g. Included in Hyakka setsurin (Views of Various Thinkers) (Tokyo: Yoshikawa köbunkan, 1906), supplemental volume. 5. Egawa Tan 'an zenshü (Collected Works of Egawa Tan'an [Tarözaemon)), ed. Tobayama Kan (Tokyo reprint: Gannandö shoten, 1972), two volumes. The duplicates of Kazan's letters can be found as weil in Kazan zenshü (Collected Works of

244 Notes [Watanabe] Kazan), ed. Suzuki Kiyofushi (Toyohashi: Kazan sösho shuppankai, 1941). h. See Gaikö shi kö (Draft Chronicle ofForeign Affairs) (Tokyo: Gaimushö, 1884), two volumes. 6. Hayakawa Kötarö, Ökura Nagatsune (Tokyo: Yamaoka shoten, 1943). 7. Fujita Töko, Naniwa södö kiji, in Töko zenshü (Collected Works of [Fujita] Töko), ed. Kikuchi Kenjirö (Tokyo: Hakubunkan, 1909), pp. 641-50. 8. In Furumi Kazuo, Egawa Tarözaemon (Tokyo: Kokumin bungaku sha, 1930), we read: 'When stories to the effect that remnants of those who had assisted Öshio Heihachirö in Ösaka had filtered into the domain of Kai, which was terrain under his control, he [i.e., Egawa] together with shop employee Saitö Yakurö dressed in the garb impersonating a sword dealer and personally made a round of inspection.'

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE I. In eighteen juan, with four juan of 'Supplementary Records,' woodblock printed in Tongzhi 9 (1870). Later, the title was changed to Pingding Yuekou jilüe (Brief Record of the Quelling of the Bandits of Guangdong and Guangxi), the language of the contents was somewhat edited, and it was reprinted [by the Jiaojingtang] in Guangxu I (1875). a. Harvard-Yenching Library has an edition of this work dated Tongzhi 10 (1871) in eight stringbound volumes, eighteenjuan and four additionaljuan. It also has a Taibei reprint by Wenhai chubanshe of 1967. Franz Michaellists editions of 1869, 1871, and 1888; see Michael, vol. III, p. 1639. 2. The Yuekou jilüe has an expression here meaning 'form.' 3. The Yuekou jilüe uses a slightly different expression here and elsewhere. 4. Hamberg: (Hong Kong: China Mail, 1854); also published serially in the North China Herald. The Chinese translation by Jian Youwen appears in Jian, Taiping tianguo zaji diyiji (Various Accounts of the Taipings, First Collection) (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1935). b. (Beijing: Yanjing daxue tushuguan). c. (Tokyo: Seikatsusha, 1941). d. Yi jing 2 (1936). e. Guangzhou xuebao 1.2 (1937). f. (Chongqing and Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1946),2 volumes. g. Revised and enlarged edition (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1957). h. Revised and enlarged edition (Hong Kong: Jianshi mengjin shuwu, 1967). I. (Hong Kong: Jianshi mengjin shuwu, 1962). J. (Köfu: Naitö Tsutauemon, 1881), twelve stringbound volumes. 5. In the passage represented here by the elipses, the author inserted wording drawn from the Dunbi suiwen lu, as will be discussed in the next chapter. 6. The Three Dots Society or Sandianhui was affiliated with the Triads. k. (Tokyo: Hayashi Heijirö, 1898), four stringbound volumes. 1. It runs to 242 pages and is printed from movable type with Western binding (Tokyo: Nisshüsha, 1879 [printed by Katö Kurö]). 7. See Tao Chengzhang, 'Jiaohui yuanliu kao' (A Study of the Origins of [Triad] Religious Society), in Luo Ergang, ed., Tiandihui wenxian lu (Studies of Documents on the Triads) (Hong Kong: Shiyong shuju, 1942); (Shanghai: Zhengzhong shuju, 1943). 8. Zhongshan wenhua jiaoyuguan jikan 11.3 (1935). Also in Jindai mimi shehui shiliao (Historical Materials on Modern Secret Societies), ed. Xiao Yishan (Beiping: Guoli Beiping yanjiuyuan zongbian shichu chubanke, 1935), vol. 1. [The Masuda Bunko also contains another, reprint edition ofthis work: (Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1965)].

245 Japan and China 9. Lishijiaoxue 37-39 (1954). Also inc1uded in his Taiping tianguo shishi kao (A Study ofthe History ofthe Taiping Rebellion) (Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1955; 1979 reprint). 10. Guowen zhoubao XIII. 17 (1936); reprinted in Taiping tianguo congshu shisan zhong (Thirteen Works in a Collection on the Taipings) (Beiping: n.p., 1938; Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1968). m. In Taiping tianguo shi jizai dingmiu ji (Collection of Critical Essays on the History of the Taiping Rebellion) (Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1955). n. (Tokyo: Bessho heishichi, 1877), six volumes. o. (1880), two volumes. p. (Tokyo: Higashinari Kamejirö, 1877), five stringbound volumes. q. Masuda gives Han instead ofWang for the surname here and later in the text, but this contradicts every other source and must be an error.

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO a. There is a 1968 reprint of the Dunbi suiwen tu (Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, Jindai Zhongguo shiliao congkan 298), copy in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library. b. In T6k6 sensei ibun; reprinted in Takasugi Shinsaku zenshü (Collected Works of Takahashi Shinsaku), ed. Hori Tetsusaburö (Tokyo: Shin jinbutsu öraisha, 1974), 2:141-216. c. (Tokyo: Nakamuda Takenobu, 1919). d. In Bunkyü ninen Shanhai nikki. e. All of these texts are translated in Michael, vo1umes II and III. f. In his extensive, multilingual bibliography, Franz Michael (vol. III, p. 1751) gives another Japanese edition of this book: Sha Hei, Kinry6 kik6 sekidan (äsaka: Kawachiya, 1869), 2 volumes. The publisher's full name should read Kawachiya Shinshichi. Harvard-Yenching Library ho1ds a copy of a similarly titled work by Xie Jiehe (with the final character of his name read by its alternate reading of 'hao'). g. (äsaka: äsaka tosho shuppangyö kumiai, 1936); (äsaka reprint: Seibundö, 1964). h. (Beiping: Beijing yaozhai congke, 1938); (Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1968). Originally appeared in Yi jing 2 (1936). 1. Appended to Taiping tianguo (The Taiping Rebellion) (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1957), by Zhang Xiumin and Yu Hui'an. j. There are many Chinese editions ofthis work. The following four are held in Harvard• Yenching Library: (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1898); (n.p.: Haishang wuyuan, 1937); (Taibei: Guangwen shuju, 1969); (Taibei: Tailian guofeng chubanshe, 1969). k. (Tokyo: Töyö Bunko, 1930). I. Juan 3, 'Dunbi suiwen lu danghui' (Destruction by Fire of the Dunbi suiwen tu) (1902). There are two editions of Xue's work, both in six stringbound volumes, in the Masuda Bunko: (Xiaoshan Chenshi, 1897); (Shanghai reprint: Commercial Press, 1937). Masuda's date of 1902, given in the text, may be amisprint or error. m. In Taiping tianguo shiliao bianwei ji (Essays Distinguishing Forgeries of Historical Documents of the Taiping Rebellion) (Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1955). n. There are three editions of this large collection listed in the catalogue of the Harvard• Yenching Library: (Tokyo: Kondö kappanjo, 1882-83); rev. ed. (Tokyo: Kondö kappanjo, 1900-03); (Tokyo: Rinsen shoten, 1967-68). All edited by Kondö Heijö, and the last edition which appeared weil after Kondö's death also gives as co-editors Tsunoda Bun'ei and Gorai Shigeru. The Masuda Bunka has an edition (Tokyo:Kondö kappanjo, 1881-85) in 47 stringbound volumes. 1. Luo Ergang, Taiping tianguo shigao (Draft History of the Taiping Rebellion), revised and enlarged edition (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1957), citing C. A. Tesns, 'Historic Shanghai' [which I have been unable to locate - JAF).

246 Notes 2. Luo Ergang, Taiping tianguo shigao. o. (Hong Kong: Jianshi mengjin shuwu, 1958). p. Translation based c10sely on Michael, vol. III, pp. 1404, 1406. 3. Emphasis Masuda's. To the end he maintained this strained explanation of trying to pass Hong Xiuquan off as a Japanese (namely, Öshio Heihachirö). After the original leaders of the rebellion had departed, Hong's two eider brothers held power, although, as concerns these two eider brothers, Ishizaki does nothing whatsoever to resolve the question of whether they were Japanese or of mixed Sino-Japanese blood. Thus, this is undoubtedly the reason that the Yuefei jilüe and the Japanese histories of China of the time that relied on it do not even mention the two older brothers. q. Jing-Chu: A reference to the ancient state of Chu which comprised Hunan, much of Hubei, some of Guizhou, and portions of Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, and Henan; ca. S.C.E. 740-330. Qing-Qi: Eastern and northern Shandong.

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE a. In Zoku shiseki shüran (Collection of Historical Documents, Continued) (Tokyo: Kondö shuppanbu, 1893). There is also an edition of this work in six string• bound volumes, edited by Kondö Heijö and with the same publication information, that appeared in 1917. It is held in the collection of Harvard• Yenching Library and elsewhere. The Masuda Bunko has the same text with a 1912 date of publication. b. (Edo: Tsuruya Kiuemon), three stringbound volumes. There is a Taibei reprint ofthis work by the Bank of Taiwan (1958, Taiwan wenxian congkan 5). c. In volume 40 of Kokushi taikei (Great Compedium of Japanese History), revised edition) (Tokyo: Keizai shinbunsha, 1901). d. (Tokyo: Waseda University Press, 1914), chapter 28, pp. 430-52. This is the seventh printing held in the Masuda Bunko. There is also a Chinese translation ofthis work by Dan Dao (Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1921), III:35-53. e. Issue 2.15, pp. 125-33. This journal later changed its name to the much more weil known Shigaku zasshi. f. (Tokyo: Naigai shoseki, 1930). The Masuda Bunko has the fifth printing from 1942 of this edition. g. Part of this document, as weil as certain details of this tale, have been c10sely examined in Ronald P. Toby, State and Diptomacy in Earty Modern Japan: Asia in the Devetopment 01 the Tokugawa Bakulu (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991), esp. p. 125. The names in this list ofdaimyös inc1ude tities (only some ofwhich are translated inter alia); such tities only extremely rarely indicate an actual job one performed. h. Editions of these works, most of them held in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library, inc1ude the following: Huang Zongxi, Xingchao tu, in Xu Youlan, comp., Shaoxing xianzheng yishu (Literary Remains of Scholars from Shaoxing) (Zhejiang, 1895), volumes 47-48; (Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1969?). --, Lizhou yizhu huikan, comp. Xue Fengchang (Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1910), 20 stringbound volumes; (Taibei reprint: Longyan chubanshe, 1969), two volumes; (Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1969), two volumes. --, Jingtuo yishi, comp. Chenhu Yishi (n.p.: Jinzhang tushuju, n.d.), 24 stringbound volumes. It should be noted that the Riben qishi ji is not to be found in the list of texts given for this collection in the Harvard-Yenching catalogue.

247 Japan and China

1. The following bibliographical citations for editions of works mentioned in this paragraph can (also) be found in the collection of Harvard-Yenching Library: Xu Zi, Xiaotian jinian fukao (1861, 20 juan); Wang Chongwu, annot. (Shanghai reprint: Zhonghua shuju, 1957), 2 volumes; (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1962, Taiwan wenxian congkan 134), five volumes; (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1967),20 juan. --, Xiaotian jizhuan (Jinling, 1887); (Beijing reprint: Zhonghua shuju, 1958), 65 juan; appended to Xu Zi, Xiaotian jinian (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1963, Taiwan wenxian congkan 138), 65 juan; (Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1969?), 4 volumes; (Taibei reprint: Taiwan xuesheng shuju, 1977), 2 volumes. Wen Ruilin, Nanjiang yishi (Shanghai reprint: Zhonghua shuju, 1959), 52 juan; (Taibei reprint: Bank ofTaiwan, 1962, Taiwan wenxian congkan 132), 1830 edition in six stringbound volumes; (Toleyo reprint: Daiyasu, 1967, in a volume entitled Ban-Min shiryä säsho [Collection of Documents on the Late Ming]). Wengzhou Laomin, Haidong yishi (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1961, Taiwan wenxian congkan 99), 18 juan. Shao Tingcai, Dongnan jishi (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1961, Taiwan wenxian congkan 96), 12 juan. Zha Jizuo, Lu chunqiu (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1961, Taiwan wenxian congkan 118). j. The Zhonghua shuju edition in four juan of this work (mentioned in the next paragraph) appeared in 1959 (Beijing). There is an earlier edition in nine juan that appeared in Siming congshu, ed. Zhang Shouyong (preface dated 1934),ji (collection) 2, volumes 30-37. Both are held at the Harvard-Yenching Library. k. Edited by Zhang Shouyong (1934). I. Many editions of this collection have been published, such as the following: (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1929), 38 juan; (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1936), 15 juan; Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1969?), three volumes.

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR a. 'Biography' 37,juan 24 (postface dated Tongzhi reign, printed in Guangxu 2 [1876]). Reprints: (Shanghai: Fugushe, 1910), 6 volumes; (Taibei: Bank of Taiwan, 1960), 26 juan; the fonner is in the Masuda Bunko. b. 'Biography' 49,juan 53 (Shanghai reprint based on a manuscript held in the Shanghai Library: Zhonghua shuju, 1957); (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1962, Taiwan wenxian congkan no. 132), 1830 edition in six stringbound volumes; (Tokyo reprint: Daiyasu, 1967, in Ban-Min shiryä säsho). The last ofthese, based on the Zhonghua shuju edition, can be found in the Masuda Bunko. c. Compiled by Hayashi Shunshö and Hayashi Nobuatsu (Tokyo reprint: Töyö bunko, 1958); (Tokyo reprint: n. p., 1964). d. Zoku zenrin kokuhä ki and Zoku zenrin kokuhö gaiki are both included in Fujita Tokutarö, ed., Shiryä shüsei: Yoshino Muromachi jidai gaikan (Collection of Historical Materials: An Overview of the Yoshino Muromachi Period) (Tokyo, 1935); the edition of Shiseki shüran cited here, the revised edition, was edited by Kondö Heijö (Tokyo: Kondö kappanjo, 1900--03), 10 volumes; and Zoku gunsho ruijü (Toleyo: Keizai zasshisha, 1893-1902), nineteen volumes. 1. There is a two-year discrepancy here with the Ka-i hentai. Is this Lin Gao ;f*~ the same as the aforementioned Lin Gao f*~? The two characters of the given names are pronounced in the first tone and are used, on occasion, interchangeably. 2. In the biography of Zhou Hezhi, number 49,juan 53 in the Nanjiang yishi, it is Feng Jingdi who was sent at this time to Japan, with Ruan Mei as assistant envoy.

248 Notes 3. It would appear from this that after requesting 3000 men, he sought an additional 5000, but the letter is no longer extant. e. By Guan Ming (Taibei reprint: Bank of Taiwan, 1961), 8 juan. f. (Beiping: Guoli Beiping tushuguan, 1932), twenty juan. Revised edition: (Shanghai: Guji chubanshe, 1981). g. (Taibei: Shijie shuju, 1971). h. Within the biography ofChen Zilong, no. 165 in 'liezhuan' (biographies),juan 277. \. By Cha Jizuo, I juan, in Shiyuan congshu (Shiyuan Collection) compiled by Zhang Junheng (1916). j. The characters given here are *5, but this may be a transcription error.

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE a. (Beiping: Hafo-Yanj ing xueshe, 1934). This was issued initially as a special number ofthe journal Yanjing xuebao. Also: (Beijing reprint: Renmin chubanshe, 1957). Both editions can be found in the Masuda Bunko. b. 1939 edition, five juan, photolithographic reprint of the original manuscript; no place of publication or publisher noted. c. Xu Xueju, Jiajing dongnan pingwo tonglu (Nanjing: Jiangsu sheng li guoxue tushuguan, 1932); Guochao dianhui (Taibei reprint: Xuesheng shuju, 1965), 4 volumes. d. Postface dated Kanbun 3 (1663), in Shiseki shüran (1881-85 edition), in the Masuda Bunko; (Tokyo reprint: Kyöikusha, 1981). 1. The text gives the term sanshi for what had been translated here as 'emissary.' In the Riben yijian, Zheng Shungong referred to himself as tianshi (1., tenshi), and san may be a mistranscription for ten. 2. The text gives the character jiang (river), though this is probably an error for kou (mouth, port). e. It is included in Zheng Ruoceng, Zheng Kaiyang zazhu (Miscellaneous Writings of Zheng Kaiyang [Ruoceng]) (Nanjing reprint: Jiangsu shengli guoxue tushuguan, 1932), eleven juan. f. (Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1926). g. Tokugawa shoki no kaigai böekika (Ösaka: Asahi shinbunsha, 1916); Shuinsen böeki shi (Kyoto: Naigai shuppan, 1921), (Ösaka reprint: Köjinsha, 1940). h. In Fujita Tokutarö, ed., Shiryö shusei: Yoshino Muromachi jidai gaikan (Tokyo, 1935). 3. The copy ofthis work in my possession is a fine copy in three stringbound volumes of the Keian edition and bears the library imprint of 'Watanabe Chiaki.' It is also included in the Satsu han sösho (Collection on Satsuma Domain) (1906), two stringbound volumes. \. (Tokyo: Seikidö, 1918). j. Masuda incorrectly transcribes the second character of Sach'ön in the text. k. Masuda here makes the common error of attributing authorship of the Chouhai tubian to Hu Zongxian. It was really the work of Zheng Ruozeng. This has been demonstrated now by several sc hol ars, including Tanaka Takeo and Wang Xiangrong. See, for example, Tanaka Takeo, 'Chükai zuhen no seiritsu' (The Formation of the Chouhai tubian), in his Chüsei kaigai köshö shi no kenkyü (Studies in the History of Overseas Relations in the Medieva1 Period) (Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, 1981), pp. 215-26, a reprinting of his 1953 article which appeared in Nihon rekishi; Wang Xiangrong, 'Guanyu Chouhai tubian' (On the Chouhai tubian), in his Zhong-Ri guanxi shi wenxian lunkao (Essays on Materials in the History of Sino-Japanese Relations) (Changsha: Yuelu shusha, 1985), pp. 159-217: and Stanley Y. C. Huang, 'Cheng Jo-tseng; in

249 Japan and China Dictionary 0/ Ming Biography, ed. L. Carrington Goodrich and Chaoying Fang (New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1976), pp. 204-08.

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX a. (Tokyo: linbutsu öraisha, 1966-67), section 2: 'Sengoku shiryö sösho' (Collection of Historical Materials of the Warring States Era), part 6. b. (Taibei reprint of Wanli 34 edition: Xuesheng shuju, 1969), five juan. c. Masuda has 'Eiroku 2' (1559) here, but this is c1early amisprint for Bunroku 2. You Qimin and Zhou Qiqian also caught this error in their Chinese translation, p. 165. Masuda also gives ~ as the character for 'roku'; it should be n. d. Masuda makes the same apparent error as noted in note c, confusing Bunroku for Eiroku. e. The Harvard-Yenching Library has a copy of this work: (Ösaka: Eibunken kankö, 1693). The Masuda Bunko has a manuscript edition of this work in two stringbound volumes dated Genbun 5 (1740) and three reprints: (Tokyo: Köbunko kankökai, 1927); (Tokyo: Kondö shuppanbu, 1936); and (Tokyo: Kokusho kankökai, 1975). f. (Taibei reprint of edition with preface dated Wanli 44: Xuesheng shuju, 1966), 124 juan. g. The University ofCalifomia at Berkeley has two reprint editions ofthis, both in 291 kan: (Tokyo: Yoshikawa köbunkan, 1904-5), 30 volumes; and (Tokyo: Nihon zuihitsu taisei kankökai, 1929-30), six volumes. The latter can also be found at the Harvard-Yenching Library. The Masuda Bunko has a Yoshikawa köbunkan reprint of 1906. h. See Guochao xianzheng lu, 57:48. Citation given in You and Zhou, p. 167. 1. (Tokyo: Sösandö shoten, 1883), six stringbound vo1umes. There is a copy ofthis work in the Harvard-Yenching Library: (Tokyo: Kitashima Shigebee, 1884). j. There are at least three editions of this work, all in the Harvard-Yenching Library: (Edo: Mankyüdö Hokurindö, 1845), five stringbound volumes; Hyakka setsurin (Writings of 100 Authors) (Tokyo: Yoshikawa köbunkan, 1905-7); and Nihon zuihitsu zenshü (Collected lapanese Random Notes) (Tokyo: Kokumin tosho, 1927-30). k. (Tokyo: Köbunko kankökai, 1927-31), 12 volumes. A copy may be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library.

CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN a. The Masuda Bunko holds the following editions ofthese four texts: Gu Yingtai, Ming shi jishi benmo (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1938); Wang Hongxu, Ming shi gaG (Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1963); Xia Xie, Ming tongjian (Taibei: Hongye shuju, 1974); Chen Hao and Chen Kejia, Ming ji (Guoxue zhenglishe, 1935). The Harvard-Yenching Library has the following editions: Gu Yingtai, Ming shi jishi benmo (Guangya shuju, 1887); (Shanghai reprint: Shangwu qianyin, 1934); (Taibei reprint: Taiwan shangwu, 1983); Wang Hongxu, Ming shi gao (1723; Taibei reprint: Wenhai chubanshe, 1963); Xia Xie, Ming tongjian (Beijing reprints: Zhonghua shuju, 1950, 1983),8 volumes; Chen Hao and Chen Kejia, Ming ji (Jiangsu shuju, 1871; Shanghai reprint: Zhonghua qianyinben, 1930). b. The character used for the sumame in this instance, =8, is pronounced the same as the one ordinarily used, *. c. 'Si yi' (Four Barbarians) 17: 'Chaoxian kao.' d. (Academia Sinica, Institute of Historical Linguistics, 1967), in six stringbound volumes. e. (Tokyo: Yao shoten, 1892; reprinted in 1902) (Tokyo reprints: Iwanami shoten, 1940, 1943).

250 Notes f. (Edo: Yamashiroya Sahee, 1850), one stringbound vo1ume. g. 'Kaisetsu' (exp1anatory note) to Kokusen ya kassen, in volume 3 of Dai Chikamatsu zenshü (Comp1ete Works of the Great Chikamatsu) (Tokyo: Dai Chikamatsu zenshü kankökai, 1922). h. The characters keisei (lit. "courtesan") in this and many other titles were a way of p1acing a story in the 'demi-monde.' See Donald Keene, The Battles 0/ Coxinga (London: Tay10r's Foreign Press, 1951), pp. 80, 20 I. There is information on the Min Shin löki in this work by Keene, pp. 76-80. i. As Donald Keene (p. 176) notes, this title is untranslatable because of several internal puns. j. By Wu Zhenfang (1705, reprint 1868), vo1ume 14. k. Ten juan. There is also a Japanese edition, Bukyö kaisö, in the Masuda Bunko: (Kyoto: Chöshiya Tökichirö, n.d.). A copy of the Chinese edition can be found at the Harvard-Yenching Library, dated 1636; a Japanese edition can also be found there: Yamanaka Shöan, ed. (Kyoto: Nakano Ichizaemon, 1661), fourteen kan. 1. (Tokyo: Kokusho kankökai, 1917-18), three stringbound volumes. m. 30 juan (1833 edition); tenjuan, ed. Fang Hao (Taibei reprint: Bank ofTaiwan, 1960). Both can be found at the Harvard-Yenching Library. The Masuda Bunko has an edition of 1878 published by Shenbaoguan. n. The Chinese translators of Masuda's book, having access to the original source under discussion, note that in their edition it is the preface by Jiang Risheng that makes this reference and that there is no preface by Chen Zheyong. o. A copy of the Japanese edition, Tei Seikö den (Ösaka, 1856), 2 volumes, can also be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library. p. It appears as volume six of Nishikawa Joken isho (The Works of Nishikawa Joken) (1898). q. (Shanghai reprint: Commercial Press, 1957). The Masuda Bunko has a Taibei reprint by Shijie shuju of 1965. r. As You Qimin and Zhou Qiqian note (p. 180), Xie Guozhen only wrote that 'those who studied there came from far away.' 'Japan' is not mentioned. See the 1981 revised edition (Shanghai: Guji chubanshe), p. 474.

CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT a. Eleven volumes, with numerous charts and maps (Ösaka: Kawachiya Shigebee). b. By Ji Luqi (18 juan), four editions of this work can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library: (Beijing: Liulichang bansong jushi, 1671); (Shanghai reprint: Commercial Press, 1936), three stringbound volumes; (Taibei reprints: Wenhai chubanshe, 1969?), two volumes; (Bank of Taiwan, 1963, 3 volumes). c. (Taibei: Taiwan wenxian congkan, 1962, no. 62). d. Respectively: (Tokyo: Öhata shoten, 1931) and (Taibei: Taiwan keisei shinpösha, 1929). e. Included in Zheng Chenggong danchenjinian teji (Special Issue Commemorating the Birth of Zheng Chenggong), in Wenxian zhuankan 1.3 (1950). I. The meaning of the character given here, ~, is unclear, but it may be amisprint for a similarly drawn character, tri "in danger" or "humiliated." 2. Edited by Feng Menglong in one stringbound volume. This book was reprinted and published in Japan in Shöhö 3 [1646], namely some fifteen years earlier. It will be discussed below. f. By Ro Takeshi (Bunsei 2 [1819]), two volumes. g. (Edo: Eiheikichi, Bunka 8 [1811]), five stringbound volumes. An edition of this work published in Edo by the Bankyüdö and dated Tenpö 7 (1836) can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library.

251 Japan and China h. (Tokyo: Ida shoten, 1943); (Kawasaki reprint: Rinkyükaku shoten, 1966). Both of these editions can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library. 3. 'Nihon ryügii no Minrnatsu shoshi' (Various Late-Ming Scholars Who Wandered to Japan), in Kindai Shina no gakugei (Letters and Science in Modem China) (Tokyo: Min'yüsha,1931). 4. Komatsubara Tö, Chin Genpin no kenkyü (Studies on Chen Yuanbin [yun]) (Tokyo: Yüzankaku, 1962). 1. This is apparently the same edition that can be found in the Harvard-Yenching Library. The Masuda Bunko has a text with a preface dated 1885. j. (Tokyo: Daigakukan, 1903). k. (Taibei: Wenhai chubanshe, 1971). 1. Included in volume three of his Geming yishi (Unofficial History of the Revolution) (Taibei reprint: Taiwan shangwu, 1965). m. (n.p., 1902). n. (Tokyo: Sanshödö, 1942). o. (Mitt. der Deutschen Geschichte fiir Natur- und V61kerkunde Ostasiens, 1897); translated into Japanese as Taiwan tö shi by Yoshikuni Tökichi (1898). A Chinese translation appears in Taiwan jingji shi (Taiwan: Bank of Taiwan, 1956); another is by Wei Ruizheng and Lai Yongxiang, 'Ming Zheng zili shiqi zhi Taiwan' (Taiwan in the Period of Zheng [Chenggong]'s Independence during the Ming), Taiwan fengwu 6.2 (1956). p. (Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1937), in the series 'Shidi xiao congshu' (Small Series on History and Geography). There is also: (Taibei reprint: Taiwan shangwu, 1955). q. (Taibei: Taiwan shangwu, 1975), in series 'Renren wenku' (People's archive). r. (Taibei: Zhengzhong shuju, 1973). s. (Hong Kong: Qishi niandai zazhishe, 1976). t. There are two Japanese and two Chinese translations: Tanigawa Umeto, trans., Kankyaku saretaru Taiwan (Neglected Taiwan) (Taibei: Taiwan nichinichi shinpösha, 1930); Hirayama Kaoru, trans., Tökan ni fukuseraretaru Forumosa (Neglected Formosa), in Taiwan shakai keizai shi zenshü (Complete Works of Social and Economic History of Taiwan) (1934); Wei Qingde, trans., Bei jianque zhi Taiwan (Neglected Taiwan), in Taiwan sheng tongzhiguan kan 1-2 (1948); and Li Xinyang and Li Zhenhua, trans., Zheng Chenggong fu Tai waiji (An Account of Zheng Chenggong's Recovery of Taiwan), 'Xiandai guomin jiben congshu' (Basic Collection of Contemporary Personages), no. 3 (Zhonghua wenhua chuban shiye weiyuanhui, 1955). u. Edited by Zhang Bingnan and Li Ruhe (Taibei: Taiwan sheng wenxian weiyuanhui, 1970). v. (Taibei: Bank of Taiwan, 1962-63). w. (Taibei: Institute of Historical Linguistics, Academia Sinica, 1957), originally from govemment archives; (Taibei reprint: Weixin shuju, 1972).

APPENDIX a. (Ösaka: Kansai University, 1956). b. (Ösaka: En'ya Yoshihyöe, 1879). c. By Kuzuu Yoshihisa (Tokyo: KokuTyükai shuppanbu, 1936), volume 3. d. Many editions of this work have been published. It was most recently published with Japanese translation and notes by Maeno Naoaki as Bunshö kihan (Tokyo: Meiji shoin, 1996). e. The Zizhi tongjian was a comprehensive history of China by Sima Guang (1019-86), covering through the first reign of the Northem Song dynasty.

252 Notes f. The number of histories included in this eomprehensive term vary. The 'Seventeen Dynastie Histories' include: Shi ji, Han shu (History of the Han Dynsty), Hou Han shu (History of the Later Han Dynasty), Sanguo zhi (Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms), Jin shu (History of the Jin), Song shu (History of the Liu-Song), Nan Qi shu (History ofthe Southem Qi), Liang shu (History ofthe Liang), ehen shu (History of the Chen), Hou Wei Shu (History of the Later Weil, Bei Qi shu (History of the Northem Qi), Zhou shu (History of the [Later] Zhou), Sui shu (History of the Sui), Nan shi (History of the Southem Dynasties), Bei shi (History of the Northem Dynasties), Tang shi (History of the Tang), and Wudai shi (History of the Five Dynasties). For the 'Twenty-One Dynastie Histories,' add Liao shi (History of the Liao), Jin shi (History of the Jin), Song shi (History of the Song), and Yuan shi (History of the Yuan). For the 'Twenty-Two Dynastie Histories,' add Ming shi (History of the Ming). For the 'Twenty-Four Dynastie Histories,' add Jiu Tang shi (Old History of the Tang) and Jiu Wudai shi (Old History of the Five Dynasties). g. See immediately preeeding note. h. Edited by the Okayama Prefeetural Library. 1. I am not sure of the spelling of this Duteh name inasmueh as the text gives it only in katakana as raihe. j. For the information in this parenthetieal note, I would like to thank the Chinese translators of Masuda's book, You Qimin and partieularly Zhou Qiqian, p. 232. k. Included in Tösai minken shi (History of Popular People's Rights along the Eastem Shore), ed. Sekido Kakuzö (Ibaraki: Yöyiikan, 1903; 1973 reprint by Ryiizanron shobö). I. (Tokyo: Gosharö, 1910; Tokyo repr.: Iwanami shoten, 1957-58), final volume, Chapter 8, 'Handö no higeki' (The Tragedy of Reaetion). m. First volume, seetion entitled 'Öi Kentarö ippa no Ösaka jiken' (The Ösaka Ineident of Öi Kentarö and His Group). n. For more in English on the Yokohama Datong Sehool, see Jung-pang Lo, trans. and ed., K'ang Yu-wei: A Biography and Symposium (Tueson: The University of Arizona Press, 1967), pp. 178, 253-54. o. (Changsha: Commereial Press, 1939). p. Respeetively: Printed in 1893 by Kubö Zaisaburö; and printed in 1929 by Watanabe Tokujirö, one volume.

253 Glossary

Abc Ise no kami j!iiJ${JJJI1;:T Arai Köri m#0R1 Abe Masahiro j!iiJ$iE~ Arai Shögo ~#.-jg- Abc Tsushima no kami j!iiJ $J.t,ijf,;:T Arima Chümu no shösuke Tadayori Adam :§:1t ff ,w, 9=J ~';9. ,~fä Aeba Köson Wlffll Asakawa Dösai ~) IIIPlJlf 'Afeilijiazhi' j!iiJ~FffJ1JO~ Asakawa Zen 'an (Kanae) ~J1Ii!f11l Offi.) 'Ahen en ryüdoku, fuku Kö Shakushi Asakusa bunko ~1jt:>c. jösho ji' Asano ~If ~J:1~mt.' [!ffiVifitLI:.~ Asö Tomotoshi .~~[J1~ Ahenfüsetsugaki j!iiJ J:1 JJl.NiJ Atai j!iiJ Ahen ibun j!ilJ~~.1YJ Atobc Yamashiro no kami WJi$L.lJ:I;!&;:T ahen no hen UJ:1z~ Ayusawa Shintarö ~ö.mi\:tlß Ahen shimatsu j!iiJ J:1Ml* Aikoku shinbun ~1Il~1YJ Babylonia ~.~f,ji:§: Airulüe :XfM~ Baien nikki ~~ B ~c Aizawa Seishisai 1t.iE~. Baigai sensei nenpu ~~9t~if.~ Ajia rekishi jiten 7:; i ~~~:lII!­ Baikon Jftlt Akashi Kichigorö t:lJHia-1iJlß Baiseisho ~nfm Akishino Teruashi ~.BB.fE. Baiseisho eishi ~nfmWJc~ Akitsuki Taneki ~ 1'3 WM Bakin nikki shO .w, ~ B ~c tJ> Akutagawa Kan 1t) 11 ~ Bakufu suibö ron 5J&f;tcmlti 'Amerika shisetsu möshitateru sho' Bakumatsu gaikoku kankei monjo :§:~ffJ1JO~n$ JIiI 5**W111 f*':>c. Amerika shisetsu taiwasho Bakumatsu lshin gaikO shiryö shüsei ~~~nJ.tffi5. 5*Kt~*3(~~.PX: Anchang wang !i ~ .:E Bakumatsu Meiji Yasokyö shi kenkyü Andes !iB _*t:ljj ra JfflB~~ m~ Andö Kiichi !iJjji!• Bakumatsu seijika 5*i6lra* Anotsu ?Ii!J?$ Bakuten _* Aoe juku W~1l! BanGu fHti Aoe Sannin W~A Banjöken shujin ~l:ffU Aoe Shujin ftU bankan .'8 Aoki Shüzö W*mJM Bankoku kOhO reikan ;f611l0dtf Aoki Tomitarö W*;li\:tlß Bankoku kOhO shakugi ;f6W07t;fUl Aoyama Daizennosuke WL.lJ*IJI3C 'Bankoku köhö shisö no inyü' Arai Hakuseki ~jH3:ti ;f6 W07t;,FfJ!,:m (J)~ A

254 Glossary

'Bankoku köhö to Meiji ishin' Bunkyü ninen Shanhai nikki .ml0~t flJl#:l~~ )(Ä=if.J:mJB~c Banlwku kökan roku wage Bunmei genryü sösho )(flJl~mt:il. • mlJUIUtua(W Bunmei tözen shi )(flJl*Ii.st Banlwku zushi .mllllit Bunshi )(;Z Ban-Min shiryö sösho II$R flJl .st*'l-il. Bunshö kihan )(Jitt'tii'i Ban shi • .st bunyabushi )(~JUP Bansho shirabesho ••~m Butoku hennen shüsei J1t1!Iiif.$.oX: Bansongjushi ~~Ii!i± Butoku taisei ki JEt1!*.oX:~c Batabiya shinbun /" ~ e·.y ~ IV! 'Batsu Isabo yugen' Jij(:f~fJ;~Pfu i§ Cain 1JO~P 'Beijing cheng' ~t*~ Cai Shanji ~~. Beijing yaozhai congke ~t*~Jlfil~U Caomu lun 1it*IDfii 'Beilu' ~~ 'Caomu zonglun' 1it**"ätfii 'Bei Zhili tu' ~tTI1UllII 'Cao zhong' M 'Bekka setchi no jijö' }}tlMNIfl(7) Changqi wang ~jfflj.3:. .m Chaobao suiwen lu t.HIHlIlV!~ Bessho heishichi }}tlffillZ-t; 'Chaoxian kao' W3rt~ betsudan füsetsugaki }}tl~mt~. chaoxun suiyue lun l!WJr~1IlI ~ äIfii bian ~ ChenDong ~* bianfa ~~ ChenHao ~. Biaozhong chongyiji (Hyöchü sügi shü) Chen Hewu ~ ~tlB- *,~,~It$ Chen Huacheng ~{t.oX: Bichü no kami fMi*~ Chenhu Yishi ~7Mji± Biming yinde .;ß 51 ~ Chen Kejia ~%* 'Bingbu' ~tm ChenLin ~~ Bingo fMif& Chen Lunjiong ~ fiflr1:li!l 'Böbyöhen' ~ Chen Mouheng ~tmH Bohu tong B.r.reli ChenQi ~*Jf Bökai yoron !WmJ8Ufii Chen Shiqing ~t!t.tt Bokuteisha .:ijE~ Chen Shiyi ~t!t1r Bokutei Yukirnaro .~~ Chen Shouqi ~ 3ijt Bornai 18_ Chen Yuanyun (Yuanbin) ~j(;. Böshü m1'1'1 Chen Yucheng ~3i.oX: Bönotsu :f;1j$ Chen Zhaokui ~~Is~ Bösö ~ Chen Zheyong ~tJT7k Bowu xinbian ~~~Ii Chen Zilong ~-=fe 'Bö Yöshi' R:~T Chiba Yajiuma =f~. *~ bugyö $fJ Chigaku seisö :ttß~JL~ buhaole :::fH T Chigo shinbun '!HG~IV! 'Buji yoki (gibu gohen)' Chihoku güdan :l1B~t~~ J1t_~~ Chikarnatsu Monzaemon ~r'är' 'Buji yoki (heisei heishö)' Chikan keimö jukka shobu J1t.~~c~iIi~ ~lft@~~~Wtm 'Buji yoki (jikö, zatsujustu)' 'Chikan keimö to Yasokyö' J1t_~c~ r ~lft@~ .J t lffiiH& 'Buji yoki (shöko, köshö)' Chikudö bunshö t'r~)(tJ> J1t_~~q Chikudö Saitö kun nenpu Bukkayoron ~fI~äIfii t'r~Jf.~if.~ Bulun ~fifIr Chikudö shishö t'r~~tJ> burnen tmr, 'Chin'en shi iwaku' *,~5:B Bungaku)(~ Chin Genpin no kenkyü ~j(;.(7)if~

255 Japan and China

Chingisu Han wa Minamoto no Yoshitsune Dai Ajia *§J:IIlSE: nari px:a,~,ff.l'lifl~-t!! Dai Ajia kensetsusha *SE:k:lllSE:~~U Choen ;j;tlll Dai Chikamatsu zenshü *JlIt1}~m chokkaku ~~ Dai Chikamatsu zenshü kankökai Chönen m~ *JlIt1}~m fUfftt Chongshiguan ~.m Daidöji *~~ Chöshiya Tökichirö T r ~.a f!~ Daigakukan *~m Chouban yiwu shimo .M~~Mi* Daigaku nankö **~~ 'Chouhai pian' .~. daigaku no kami *~B.R Chouhai tubian .~illi dainagon **V3~ Cho Üiyön ~UUlll Dai Nihon kamonjo * 8 :

256 Glossary dingben ~* 'Erehen zhuan' ;t g! f$ Ding Jinhu T ~ Etö Shinpei U.~ijZ Ding Lüjin T!!i~ Euphrates It$;JII~ Ding WeiIiang T R ll! Eve JB. diqi lun ttB~ät 'Ezo chikushi' ~:?H'Ttt 'Diqiu fenyu lun' ttB~5ti!JGmfB Diqiu lun ttB~ Fang Hao lifi Diqiu shuoLüe ttB~m~ Fangshi 1iJ5:. Diqiu tu shuo ~m Fang Xiaoru lJ-iJ:II Diqiu yi xingxing lun ttB~~1T ~ät Fan Liande mJit! 'Dishi lun' (Historical Geography) Fan Wenhu TI!)lJfe ttB.semfB Fanyu *~ 'Dishi lun' (Topography) ttB~ät Feihong mn 'Diwen zonglun' ttBXN,f,mfB Feihuang mJi 'Dizhi lun' ttB~ät 'Feihuang shimo' mJitli5* Dokuga shoin •••11% 'Feiqin lun' m~ät Dong Huaniang *:m. Feng Jingdi {,~*m Dongnanjishi (Accounts ofthe Southeast) Feng Jingru {,~.~D *ilJ*c. Feng Menlong {.~Jtft Dongnanjishi (Records ofthe Southeast) Feng shiLang yishu {.~fif~~:iI. *ilJ~c. Fengsu tongyi JII.-m-)ilif! Dong Shutang I~~ Feng Taoshan <'~.LIJ Dong Xun ItlU 'Fengtu' JII.± Dongyue rulin houzhuan *Mf~*M&f$ FengYoulan {,~~IIJ donkaku ~~ Feng Yunshan {,eLlJ Dunbi suiwen Lu J§.I!lIß(J~ 'Feng Wang Iiang shilang mulu' 'Dunbi suiwen Lu ba' J§.I!lIß(J~Ji!,j( <.~xJliifif~~ § ~ 'Dunbi suiwen lu danghui' Feng Ziyou <.~ § EI3 J§.I!lIß(Jjg(1itmt fu)ff 'Duojiashagu dao tu' ~(tmt9~~111 Fu m Du shijizhu ü~H~ä Fugushe m~f± Du Wenlan üX. Fuhaiji #W~c 'Fuji' /ffHc Eden JB~ 'Fujian sheng tu' m~~111 Edo jidai ni okeru Tösen mochiwatari sho 'Fujian sheng Zheng Zhilong xitu' no kenkyü UF~ft,:..t3lt Q m~~lßzft*1II JlIfR{H~mt ff V') m: ~ Fujian tongzhi m~)ili~ Egawa Tan 'an zenshü iI) 11 :f:§.~~$ Fujii Sadafumi.# ~X EgawaTarözaemon u)IIÄ~~:tc~r~ Fujimori Tenzan (Köan) .~*LIJ Eiheikichi ~ijZ15 (!U.~) Eihitsu ikSWJ Fujita bunko mokuroku .rnxj!Jl § jg( Eikadö ~f.>f.1it Fujita Mokichi .EE l;t15 eikaku jjl~ Fujita Töko .EE*m:I 'Eikoku taigunsen zu' ~1IU*1QGIII Fujita Tokutarö .EEt!Ä~~ Ei-Shin ahen sen shi ~r.f!iJt~.se Fujita Toyohachi (Kenpö) .rnIV\ 'Eishö jüsö zu' ~J5X:M (itl.) engi ~ft Fujiwara Ietaka .W-~-iJ: 'Enkai zu' ?'cl_ Fujiwara Nangaku .W-ilJ-ffi Enka manroku jjlf~jg( Fukken zassan mffffUJ Enköji !II J't ~ Fükö Gyochö Mineta shun shöden En'ya Yoshihyöe §I

257 Japan and China

'Fükö Mineta ö juhimei' Gongfa huitong 071i;llt~ .u.EEaJM~ Gorni Shigeru li*m Fukuda Izumi mrn ~ Goröbee liiI~A:1tT Fukuchi Ochi (Gen'ichirö) m:ll!;~~ Gosharö li•• (${-iI~) Gotö lilib Fukuyama mLlJ Gotö Shöjirö f&.;fC~iI~ 'FuluAomen yuebao' 1ff;j"8r~~~ Greece ffi~~5li Funai 1ffP3 guang lun :YC~ Funyö Shigeuemon ~1IiJ.tti1tTr~ 'Guang lun' :YC~ Furansu bunten 7'7 :;..- Ä:>cA 'Guangdong sheng tu' .IIg~~1I! Furumi Kazuo 15 ~-~ Guangdongtongzhi B(~~~ Füryü Keiseiya gundan Guangming ribao :YCt:lA B ~ 1I.?1rl: M#UUU~ Guangwu U ffisetsugaki Jil.m. 'Guangxi sheng tu' JJig§"~1II fushö mUlm Guangyu :YC ~ Fuying xinshuo ~VWTm Guangzhou xuebao JJi ~H *~ Fuzanbö 'I' L.1.J m Guanlubu 'B~±1!i Guan Ming 111 t:lA Gaihö taihei ki mßi';:-'ll~c Guanwen 'B:>c Gaii chinsetsu zakki j}?U~mfUC 'Guanyu Chouhai tubian' Gaiken Itff ~~.#iJOOi8 'Gaikoku' 7i-1j 'Guanyu 'Daoguang yangsao zhengfu ji' 'Gaikoku den (Minjö)' j}1j{f (t:I)jJ:) de zuozhe wenti' Gaikö shi kö j}3(~m III~ r m:YC#MHiENUc J (f,Jf'F~ Gaimushö j}~~ r",~Jm Gakushikai Hllt 'Guanyu 'Yangwu quanyu' yishu' gan f.!j! lII~r#~ •• J-iI Gan Hui 1:f1!II ( 1t:/:!ll ) Guan Zhong ~f* Gan Zhao 1t!\ij 'Guizhou tu' .~+IIII Gao Qi f.liJ!1f 'Gujin mingjiang' 15~;ßlm Gaotang f.lif;!f Gujin wanguo gangjian Lu Gao You f.li~ 15~ Jt; I!RJ jJiUf Geertun mJliß 'Guncho hen' .fiif= Ge Gongzhen Jt0~ 'Gunsei hen' .U Geming yishi 1jt$3i~ guo I!RJ 'Geming zhi' 1jt$~ Guochao dianhui I!RJ~A. Genji seisui ki ~~c 'Guochao fusui Xizangji' Genkaimaru ~#j:tL l!RJ~g~c Gen Min Shin shiryaku jf:;~m ~am Guochao xianzheng Lu 1!RJ~*1I:jf Genna shösetsu jf:;fI]/J\m Guo Guoan (Lixin) $ß1!RJ3i:' (~.r.. ) Gewu qiongli wenda m~~~r",~1§ Guo Moruo $ß~tf Gewu rumen m~Ar~ Guo Tingyi $ß~PJ Gewu tanyuan m~~lJj( Guowen zhoubao I!RJ IR! ml ~ gimu Jt~ guoxing 1!RJ!Ii (national name); I!RJ'~ Giritsu (Yilü) .$ Guoyou I!RJ itfj Gi shi no sho • .13::(7). 'Guozheng lun' 1!RJi&~ Godai Saisuke (Tomoatsu) li fIt::t WJ Guweitang neiji 151i~P3. (ti.JJ) Gu Yingtai ftl!!~ goki shichidö lilltm gyöyü zetsurin R~mfnlJ Gokyu Hisabumi (Sessö) li"i=j~:>c (~il) Hachimojiya Jishö /\.:>c*~ ~ ~ Gongfa bianLan 071i;ff. Haga Yaichi 7jJr~-

258 Glossary hai ~ 'Hensha atogaki' 11 ~ &? ~ ;1{ ~ Haidong yishi ~*~.9: 'Henshin no rekishi dorama' Haiguo tuzhi ~ijflll;t, ~~V')}ff.9:l-'7"? Haiguo wenjian lu ~ijf llfJ JiI.. He Qiaoyuan fiiJ~~ Hailu _ He Shaoji Wi?!IE Hakatanotsu 1E1t!!~?$ Hexin ßffi hakkö ichiu )\f/J.-~ Hezha congtan foj#jit~ Hakkö shorin Jt5l.ilH* Hibino Teruhiro B ttf.fj$l't Hakkö tsüshi )\f/J.~~ Hidaka Seijitsu B ~jt .. Hakodate igakujo ~if{.~ffl Hido~ Hakubunkan lW)Cif{ Higashinari Kamejirö *~&:b(f1~ Hakubutsu shinpen yakkai Higashi Seijun (Takusha) *.iE~ (~~) lW~~*I~M Higuchi Tatarö MD ~i\:f1~ Hakuen i8~ Hikka shi ~IHf,~.9: hakurai shoseki JIJ8 *tU! Hine Oribemasa B flUlJm.iE Hakuryü B~ Hirado ~p HamadaYahee ~EE.A:~ Hirado böeki shi ~ P j{ ~.9: Hamano Tomosaburö ~ f.f %1':::' f1~ Hirado Ikkan s:p. p-'§ 'Handö no higeki' JXmtJV')lI1;jlJ Hirado Röikkan s:p. p~-'§ HanHui ~1t!fi Hiratsuka s:p.~ Hanjöken shujin ~ J::ff.±=.A Hirayama Kenjirö s:p.LlJ~~ Han Shanwen ~ LlJ)C Hirayama Shü s:p. LlJ Jj!ij Hantarö ~i\:f1~ hirei tt1911 Han wen ~)C Hirose .j1 Hara Nensai W~i!f Hirose Motoyasu :7'Gift5G$ Hara shobö W~ m Hiseki ~1J Harimaya Shögorö MM~JY11L~~ Hitotsubashi gakumonjo -~~F"'ffl Hashimoto Keigaku zenshü Ho m ~*il~~ Höan jüshu _+jI Hashimoto Sanai ~*E:P'J Höchi shinbun ~%l~1lfJ Hattori Unokichi ßIiJm~Za Höka shuchi ~%l Hayakawa Kötarö !f. J 11 ~i\:f1~ Hökö gikai ~5&iillt Hayama Sanai ~LlJ~P'J Hokuchi kigen ~t!tBffi i§ Hayama Takayuki (Gaiken) ~LlJ r.off Hokuchö ~t. ( j!!tff) H okuriku jiyü shinbun ~ t ~ § EI3 ~ llfJ Hayano Kei !f.f.f W. Honda Tamesuke * ~ ~ WJ Hayashi Akira f*~ Hong ~ Hayashi Döshun (Razan) f*i1iff (JlLlJ) Hong Deyuan ~ti5G Hayashi Fukusai f*{li!f honglu si qing ~.~00Il Hayashi Heijirö f*s:p. :b(f1~ Hongmaofan Yingjili kaolüe Hayashi Nobuatsu (Hökö) f*üHi n=e*~afl~ (1I.11fiJ) Hong Quanzhong ~~,'i!', Hayashi Shihei f*.:rs:p. Hong Renda ~e Jt Hayashi Shunsai f*ffi!f Hong Renfa ~e~ Hayashi Shunshö (Shunsai) f*ffMi Hong Ren'gan ~eff (ffi!f) Hongwu ~~ He Changling W~8fl Hong Wulong ~Q He Guiqing Wf!1J Hong Xiuquan l!t*~ Heikei ~@f Hong Xiuquan ~*;Jjt heikösen ~fi**, Hongye shuju *~~ f.jj 'Henan sheng tu' jliJ~~1Il Honkoku chikan keimö I!~U~lII@f~ henseikyoku *I1Vt f.jj Honma *Fdl

259 Japan and China

Honyaku no shisö IR iR 0) .~:m Hyakka setsurin B~~** Hori Iga no kami :IRilf;JJ.~ Hyakka zuihitsu B~I!.lI* Horio Mosuke :IRilM7.:Ub hyöchü ~i± Hori Tetsusaburö :IRil§"=a~ 'Hyö sei-Kan eki' WHiUtU5r Hösei rt:i6( 'Hyö Shinkoku kakumei' ~mllU4!L$ Hoshi Töru I[. 'Hyö Töbu höchü' ~~JEt1&~ Hosokawa Higo no kami Mitsunao 'Hyö tösö' ~ ..* *IiI JiI ij~f& ~ *r.16 'Hyö Yasukyö' ~lfßjf;~ 'Hosotsu gunsö sokumen' :!Y~QOOJmj 'Hosotsu gunsö zenmen' :!Y~~OO Iba Kashö W~IlJ~ Hotei shujin ~f!?.:EA Ichimei haiya no hanashi Hotta Masayoshi :I.m EEllElif -;g'j:"~~'j:~ l Houguan ~'B Ichimei Tödo haiya no hanashi Hou Jigao ~.j\1lj -;g~±'j:"~~'j:~ l Hou-Ming f&flJ3 Iehisa ~~ Houshile ~~.n Iguchi shoten # 0 • r.5 Hou Wailu ~7i-t.I Iguchi Toraji # 0 ji(;X Hua _ Ihi hankyö bunkenroku huache m* ~ ~ ~I?J1t'*' Jß~ Huacun kanxing shizhe :ffit1:wf.f~~ Ihi hankyö kenbunroku Huainan honglie jie $1ti~f.!lfW ~~~et1tJß,*,~ Huang Binqing Ji~gjljJ lida Tadahiko ~EEI,'~~ Huangchao jingshi wenbian lijima Seiken ~A%5~ ~~~t!t:>cli Ii Kamonnosuke Naotaka Huang Cheng Ji~ #f;JJ mHflHiR illr;f: Huang Dianquan Ji:!1l!-m Ii Naosuke #f;JJillr~ 'Huangdi zunqin zhi bao' Ji~.mzw Ikkai Tomoyoshi -W~~ Huanghuaguan Ji_a Ikuei fj~ Huang Juezhi JillZ. Imaizumi Mine ~~hb. Huang Juewen Jill:>c imashime no kagami ~~(7)1i Huang Juezi Jill~ 1f1Ul Watönai Tödo bune 'Huang Ming dixi' ~flJ3~-* ~;fO"J*J~±RG Huang Mingjishi benmo ~flJ3*C.** Imazeki Tenpö ~a~ Huang Ming zhifang ditu Inaba Kunzan (Iwakichi) ~~~LlJ ~ flJ3l1ll:n i1B II! (~a) HuangQuan ~ Inagaki Magohee (Kigai) ~tiB*A'1tf Huang Xianchen Ji*~ (Jt7i-) Huang Xiaoqing Ji;f:W!lJ Indus ~PJl: Huang Zhengming JiltaJ3 'Ingirisu kokki ryaku' ~afIJIIU*~ Huang Zonghan Ji*~ Ingirisu nichiyö tsugo Huang Zongxi (Lizhou) Ji*_ (~?Jt/) -{ :;,--~ I} Ä B fflliMf Huang Zunxian Ji~_ Inoue Kiyonao (Shinano no kami) huaqi :ffi1ß( # J:millr (&.~) Hu gong Zongxianjiao Xu Hai benmo Inoue Misao # J:ij mi}*_"J~W** Inoue Shun'yö # J:~fF 'Huguang sheng tu' mJJJi'i!:l1ll Inoue Tetsujirö # J:§";Xa~ Hui'ai yiguan !(~.§g Inö Yoshinori f;JJtm~m Huidun !(iJin Inukai Ki j\:JUli huixing lun ~&liIfB In'yU roku ~§~ Huoxing lun *&liIfB lrisawa Tatsukichi A~ila Hu Yiguang (huang) mJ.;J.V't ( ~ ) Ise Saisuke f;JJ~. ßJJ Hu Zongxian m*_ Ise Yasuemon f;JJ~~:tl'1tfF5

260 Glossary

Ishibashi Jojürö fim WJ+ ~~ Jieqi ting ji i!i~f.!jt~ Ishida Gyokusan fiBEELlJ Jieyu hui lu iW~.tk~ Ishida Mitsunari fi EE-=:/J.X: jihe (kika) ~M Ishihara Michihiro fi ~mtw Jihe yuanben ~M ~* Ishii fi# Jijitsu bunpen ...::>cii Ishii Kendö fi#iFf1it li [Li] Zhou *<*>1+1 Ishimura Teiichi fif1 ~- li Kan faiffil. Ishin shiryo koyo K(E~ .sefljlJ~ li Luqi atn~ Ishin shi sosetsu K(E~ .se~iN: 'linbao Wo jing' Jl[~~W Ishizaki Tögoku fif.if*1iU lin Chengfu ~fjx:fi IsM Nihon den ~ ff§ B :;:$: f$ Jindai mimi shehui shiliao Isoyama Seibee ~wmA~ Jl[ftf&5~U1t.sefl Isumi-gun ~IW~ ling-Chu ~J~ Itagaki Taisuke t!iti:!HJ&WJ Jingchu suishiji ~J~M~e Itakura Shigemune t!it~m* Jingguo xionglüe ~1iU1il~ Itazawa Takeo t!it~JEt1il jingji ~*~ Itö Yukimiki ftl"/Jjz~ lingshi daxuetang ***~1it Itsuzon shomoku -ßA:1fil 13 Jingtuo yishi ~J~~.se Iwase bunko tosho mokuroku lingyang i.lm ~*,x~lIIiI13~ Jinling gUljia zhitan ~~?R EfI.~ Iwase Higo no kami (Tadanori) 'Jinlingjinshi' ~~~. ~*,HEf&~ U&,R) Jinpingmei ~mi~ 'I wase Higo no kami to j ireki ' lin Shengtan ~W ~*,HEf&~ t .IH lin Shengwu ~'i!:i~ 'Iwayuru Chöhatsuzoku no shinsö' jinshi ~± PJT IDl~ ~~ 0) !Jt ffi lintian ~EE Izumida Jirö ;;~HE »Z~~ linxing lun ~JililfB lin Xueceng ~~tt Jagarata no kashirayaku no mono kara 'linyao' $~ moshitsukete kita kara nxrljjP6 0) Mi lin Yufu ~.ti f5t0)~7), ~ $ L -'J,t--c *t.:: 7)' ~ jishu ~ 3:. ji ~ Jitsuji dan ••~ Jiajing dongnan pingwo tonglu 'liu bian tu' 1131111 a~*~i:fZ-~~~ liujing 11* Jiang Min shilüe 8:00.~ liyütö ~E8. Jiang Risheng (Dongxu) iI B ~ (*1t!!) Jiyüto shi ~ EH • .se liangshang liansou 8:1: lf5!l lizhong mfrp liang Shixing ~;J:\ffi[ jöi .~ 'lianguoji' ~1iU*~ 'löiron to kaikokuron' liang Xingqin (yu) i.TIlt. ( ~ ) .~~tMIiU~ 'liangxi sheng tu' iIlffi~1II 'Jökisen zu' ~~ liang Youren ~:oce 'Jöshu hen' ~. lian Youwen (Jen Yu-wen) MXx ludea ~D~:s:2 liao Hong 1If.YIA junkan shösü MllIo/llc 'liaohui yuanliu kao' fj(li"ijlmt:~ luntendö lIl~l:R1it 'liaoxue lun' fj(~liIfB 'Ju-Qing pian' llim. liao Xun 1If.M juren ~A 'liaqing dongnan jinghai ji' Jüsen kidan ~~~ a~e 'lusuo lun' '@PJT~ jichi ~m Jidu shilu ~'I-"~ Kaei Meiji nenkan roku 'lielijiangqi lun' &jJllC~liIfB a*a)3mif.rd1~

261 Japan and China

Kafuseisha fiiJ:if.5.X:U Kan'ei llik KageyamaEiko .LlJ~+ Kan 'ei shösetsu l17.k/J\~ Kaiböbi ron #BIWii~ Kangakusha 7.*~ Kaibö okusoku ~111~ Kang Changsu m** Kaibö shigi tfil!jjfla Kang Guangren m.e Kaibö shigi hoi tfil!jjf~iI Kang Mengqing m~qmJ Kaibö shiryö sösho tfiI!jj.se~ Kang Tongwen mIPJ)( Kaihan shishin Im~~ kangun 'BlIi Ka-i hentai ~~.1m Kang Youwei mfrA 'Kaigai chishiki' #jj'H(]~ 'Kangxi Qianlong Eluosi mengpinji' Kaigai iden #jj'}~fW mtm~~MJIW~c Kaigaijitsuroku #jj'}.~ kanjö bugyö 1IJ5E~fT Kaigai shinwa #jj'}iTffi5 kanjö ginmiyaku 1IJ5E~J!;f:f~ Kaigai shinwa sMi #jj'}iTffi5~jI Kano Sötoku ~IHjH~ Kaigai yowa #jj'}~ffi5 kanpaku lila 'Kaiguo qian haineiwai geming shubao 'Kanpötei kökyü Ryü Ki' yilan' Im liI 00 #j pg j'} 1fi 1fP. ~ ~!I ~ ffl" '§ IIJ. -w Kansai daigaku nenshi kiyö kaihei 1m5f 111 glj * ~ if .se *c 'B! Ka'i hentai ~~~1m Kansai daigaku shichijü nen shi Kaikoku kigen 1m1iI.€ßii: IIIglj*~-t+if.se Kaikoku kigen Ansei kiji Kansai daigaku shozö Masuda bunko Im 1iI.€ ßii: 9: J&:*C_ mokuroku Kaikoku taisei shi 1m1iI*~.se IMlW:k$mililii BL~.I§ JI< Kairiku senbö roku #j~~IW~ Kanseki kaidai ~mMJm Kaisei gakkö 1m.5.X:~t3{ Kanseki mokuroku ~m § ~ Kaiseijo lm.5.X:m Kanshi r1&~ Kaiseikan 1m.5.X:!,§ Kanshi enryaku ~~?8'~ 'Kaisetsu' m~ Kanton nikki IJnf;[ B ~c Kaishintö &~. Kariganaya Seikichi ",~~1IYa Kaishü sensei: Hikawa seiwa 'Karinsen zu' -*~ #j-m-;t~ : o.!

262 Glossary ke llm Kinshöjo ~:9: Keichö shösetsu .~/Ni~ kinshu 4-.:t. Keigaku shibun shü "-ffi~)(~ Kirishitan -W:tft Keimö chie no tamaki .§:ItWlV,JII Kirishitan kyö jahösha keizaisei sho keisei jIj11& W:t ftffflS l't; ~ jflj WIM. Keisei bunpen shö ~1!t)(Ii~ Kiseki jtfi' Keisei Kokusen 'ya jl;Q11&IIJ'ltilf KishidaGinkö J$EB~~ Keizai yöroku ~?J!t~. Kitabatake Mohee ~t S 1.l~. Kenkadö zösho in ~.r:p Kitada Kiyozaemon ~tlEtr~ftir~ kenrei .1;- Kitani Högin *ftji~ kenri *'I'IJ Kita Shingen (Seiro) ~ttli~ (rlJa> Ken shuroku • .:f~ Kiuemon ~tiftir~ kibyöshi Ji~M Kiyö ki _lljUc Kidöit!it Kiyomasa frJ iE kikagaku (jihexue) ~fiiJ * Kö-A in Jt§:~ 'Kikka rö shin rokurokubu shü' Kobayashi Eichi Ij\f*gW ~1I.iT~~$. Kobayashi Kuzuo Ij'f* __ Kikka senkaku ~.fUJ~ Köda Shigetomo ~EB.o.ltiit Kikuchi Kenjirö ~?tMI=aß Ködö li!m Kikuma gakkö meishinkan Koga Döan "i5Jifli!l/il ~rdJ.~aJjm~ Kögai yükoku ron .fft~lImälfjj Kim Ok-kyun :&.n~ Kögaku sösho li!*H. Kimura Kaishü *t-!~ffl­ kögi MIl Kimura Kenkadö (Kökyö) kögi (protest) m. *t-!JiM ( fL~) Kögyokujuku Jjc.n~ Kimura Junyü *~;j"lJ§' Koike Yöjirö IN&#=aß Kimura Nagato no kami *t-! ~r~~ 'Köin Rondon hyöban ki 0 yomu' Kimura Shigenari *~;j"m.o.lt • r lfI ji{pilmlll~tläc J Kinaishö '81*.1 ~ Köjien .~~ 'Kindai Chügoku hishi' ili:ft q:r 11m M ~ Kojima Korekata JtI&1'fUI Kindai meika chojutsu mokuroku Kojö Teikichi "i511&J:[a Jl[ft~~~Mt§~ Köjunsha 3C~*± Kindai Shina no gakugei Kökaen Ji:fElII Jl[ft:JUj~M Kokkai kisei dömeikai Ki no Kaion *c1fjif 11m *WI.fiX: 11lr9!l * Kinryö kikö sekidan :&Ift~ 1fI.~ Kokö shokyokuzö "i5~.,F.ijjjl Kinryü Döjin :&ftmA koku ;S Kinsei hankö ni okeru shuppansho no Kokubo Kishichi Ij\~ f*~t kenkyü Kokugaku taikei 1Im**f* Jl[1!t.~ I:: a- It Q ::fHl!HI(7)iff~ Kokusen 'ya chügi den lIm'IiifiJ~,jH' Kinsei Kangakusha denki chosaku daijiten Kokusen 'ya gonichi no kassen ~.:f3rtäclf{'F*~ 1Im'liifif&B~ti Kinsei meika bunshö Jl[1!t!ß~)(t) Kokusen 'ya gozen gundan Kinsei Nihon no kokusai kannen no 1Im·liififlWBu.~ hattatsu Kokusen'yahanjö ;STM.~ Jl[1!tB*(7)IIm~.~<7)ffm Kokusen 'ya kassen lIm~ti 'Kinsei Shina yori Ishin zengo no Nihon ni Kokusen 'ya kassen (by Bokutei Yukimaru) oyobashitaru shoshu no eikyö' IImtt.ft~ti Jl[1!t:t~ßJ: IJ ttiT-mH&(7) B *1:: Kokusen 'ya kassen (picture book) &Ii L t;:. Q Jlfftl (7)~. .::.<11l~~ti Kinsei södan Jl[1!tB~ Kokusen 'ya Minchö taiheiki 'Kinsho' ~. 1Im'liifiaJjWl js: .lfl äc

263 Japan and China

Kokusen 'ya tegara nikki Kyoho igo Osaka shuppan shoseki ~fili!l!f~m B ~c mokuroku Kokusen 'ya yamato banashi ~ fililf~~ *f*t).~&*~&tl:Ht& •• § fit< Kokushi ~~ kyokusei tig§' Kokushijo gimon no jinbutsu, chüshin ka 'Kyöshi sözu' *Ilili*fJII gyakushin kajitsuzai ka densetsu ka kyümin tieF; ~~L~r.. ~<7)A~ , J~g!1J>~g! 1J>.:(f:1J>ft~1J> Lai Xiangyun fjm~ Kokushi taikei ~ ~:*: * Lamech .~awr Kokusho kaidai ~ifMe Langshan !'l~Ll.J Komatsubara Tö IN1H~OI 'Lao Wanshan yu Zhu Jiutao kao' Komatsu Chünagon Toshitsune ~lilwW*n.~ IN1}g:r~~fIJ1it Lianbang zhi Lüe ~n;t;Pm Kondö Heijö Jl[B;1Bi~ Liangchao pingrang Lu ~WJSfl.fIt< Kondö Seizai Jl[B; JHI Liang Fa (Liang Afa) ~Ist (~jrnJ Ist) Kondo Seizai zenshü Jl[B;lBI~. Liang Qichao (Rengong) ~J8Cm (ff0) Kondö Shigezö Jl[B;~. Liang Tingnan ~ff~ Kondo tairon mlPJ*~ Liang Zonglin ~*. Konishi Ij',gtj Liao Hanchen .~g! Konishi Yukinaga IJ\gtj~T~ Liaozhai zhiyi JllJPJ!f;t;~ Konnichi no mondaisha ~ B <7) r.. ~ eu Li Boyu *1EfE. Köno Michiyuki ?PJ1f3iz 'Lidai bingshi' ~~ Köno Seikökan ?PJ1f.5.X:J'(;~ Li Dean *~fiIl: Kon 'yo zushiki i$Q~ 'liezhuan' ~H' Kosho koji H~Mc~ Li Guanghu *J'(;~~ köshu 03::. Liji m~c Ko Shiizen no genso ~t~~<7)~Jm Li Jun j]!$] kou [J Lin ** 'Kouzong fenhe shimo tupu' Lin Gao ** F.E ill~5tßMl*IiI~ Lin Gao ** '*' Kubö !A.f* Ling Dizhi ~~W Kubö Rakoku !A. f*Mft Ling Shihong ~±!U. Kubö Zaisaburö !A. f*M -=-!'l~ Lingxue zuanxiu ~~.~ kukei m~ 'Linjiao zhi' m~;t; Kumano Yo ~~IfW Linnan ~lW Kumazawa Zen'an ~~~i!ffill: Linqing ~m Kunchü Yoshida ShOin sensei Noyama Lin Shidui **~J.t bunkO wJlttaEEt1}Ii1i$t~lfll.Dt~ Lin Xiongxiang **~~:w Kunten Kyüyaku seisho IIlR~B~~. Lin Xu **1I!l. Kunten Shin 'yaku seisho 1IlR~~~~if Lin Yuewu ** •• Kunyu wanguo quantu i$.lil~~1iI Lin Zexu **JlIJ~ 'Kuoerke fuji' ""~~~c Li Ruhe *1lDfO Kure Shüzö ~-=- Li Shanlan *~M Kurimoto Joun ~*UVJ~ Lishi gangjian bu Jfl~Ma:1m Kurokawa ~ J11 Lishijiaoxue Jfl~~~ Kurosawa Magoshirö ~~~IZY!'l~ Li Tengyue *... Kusunoki (no) Masashige ~*lE.5.X: Liu Guobiao JlJW~ Kuzuu Yoshihisa :sg~~!A. Liuhe congtan nßil~ Kyöchi (Qiaozhi) ~rEl Liu Ji (Bowen) JlJ~ (fSiNJ kyögen fE~ Liulichang ban song jushi Kyögoku Tango no kami Takahiro ~1M&~t1}Ji5± *tifH&~F.E. Liu Lichuan JlJlfJ 11

264 Glossary Liu Mingchuan IIJjßft Mao Zedong 'ß$* Liu Tianchong ~n Maruyama Kunio nLlJ 00. Liu wen ffiJ:>c Maruyama Masahiko n LlJ iE~ Liu Yizheng ffiJiia. Maruyama Masao 1L UJ • J} Liu Yuanlin IIJft. Masanori iEJlIJ Li Xiucheng **1iX: Masuda Bunko !1!tB3:>c$ Iixue (rikigaku) 1J~ Masuda Mitsugu (Gakuyö) !1!t83~ Liyage Jmft~ (-ffilli) Li Zhizao * Z lii Masuda Wataru !1!t B3 ~ 'Lizhou xiansheng shendao beiwen' 'Masuda Wataru san no omoide arekore' ~?Jt!5t1:.~m~:>c !1!t B3 7!P ~ Iv Q) ,~ v' l±i ~.tL :. h Lizhou yizhu huikan ~?Jt!jJt~~.HU Masuya-chö 7t§!1IIJ Li Zicheng *~1iX: matou ~liä Li Zongtong **'fillI Matsudaira Aki no kami Mitsuage Longwu I!i Jß:. ;f1}.if~.~J'G!i! LongYa ft?m Matsudaira Awa no kami Tadahide Lu. ;f1}.ifjrnJ ~ ~ ,'&, ~ Lü Bi gffi Matsudaira Chikanao (Kawachi no kami) Lu chunqiu .~tk ;f1}.if)li 00: (?JiJ pg ~ 'Lun Dongya shiyi' ~*5i!.1'r Matsudaira Dewa no kami Naomasa 'Lun Zhongguo xueshu sixiang zhi ;f1}.ift±l~~00:i& bianqian dashi' Matsudaira Echigo no kami Mitsunaga ~r:p!lil~~,~,~z1!lm*~ ;f1}.if ~f& ~ J'G ~ lunzhu ~~ Matsudaira Iga no kami ;f1}.iff:f}.~ Luo Ergang .f:i~ Matsudaira Izu no kami Nobutsuna LuoSen H ;f1}.ifWli~1äJll Luo Xianglin .~** Matsudaira Nagato no kami Hidenori Luo Xiaoquan .~~ ;f1}.if~ r~ ~ ätt luoxuan iJMi Matsudaira Satsuma* no kami Mitsuhisa LuoYawang~ ;f1}.if~.~J'GÄ Luo Zhenyu .~:li Matsudaira Shintarö Mitsumasa Lushuang R1if ;f1}.if~ Ä f1~ J'Gi& Lu Xun .ill Matsudaira Shungaku (Yoshinaga) Lu Xun de yinxiang .illl'l"J~P~ ;f1}.if~. (§7k) Matsudaira Ukyödaifu Yorishige Maeno Naoaki auf.fil!Hf~ ;f1}.if :~r**1c~m Maezono Söbu _11IJß:. Matsuda Tarözaemon ;f1}83Äf1M:~r~ Makino ~ Matsueda Shigeo fJ}fitDt1c Maki Tsuneharu !ltm-~ Matsui Kökichi (Hakken) ;f1}#JJia• Man-Shin kiji mim*c.. (tBff) 'Man-Shin kiji to sono hissha, waga kuni ni Matsushiro ;f1} f1;: tsutaerareta 'Taihei tengoku' ni tsuite' Matsushita Kenrin (Seihö) ;f1}""f ~** r mim*c.. J t -t~~, b1J~~;: (5'**) ft;{.~tLt~ r ÄSj!83!1il J ~;:--:J\'~L Matsuura ;f1}oo Man-Shin shiryaku mim ~am Matsuura Hiroshi ;f1}oo!u' MaoDun~J§ Matsuura Shiju ;f1}mi".:r-m Mao Guoke ~!IilW Meihuasuo ffjJ:ffim Mao Guoqi ~!Iil3 ' 'ß!Iil3 Meiji bunka zenshü I3jjra:>C1t~~ Mao Kun (Lumen) ~:I$ (Imr~) Meiji bunken mokuroku I3jjra:>c~ § ~ maomei 'f!ff~ Meiji ishin I3jjraKt~ Mao Yibo 'ß-~ Meiji Ishin shi kenkyü I3jjraKt~~m~ MaoYuanyi ~ft. Meijijibutsu kigen f!l3ra.~~~

265 Japan and China

men 00 Molisong !tfU* Menshitanghuge lM;QM~ Momijiyama gakumonjo n.W*r",~m Mikuni sha ].;.

266 Glossary

Nakagawa Chüei q:t J 11!i~r~ Nihon bunka meicho B ;2fs::X{t;ß:fi Nakagawa Kiyohide q:t JIlm~ Nihon gaishi B:<$: j}51: Nakajima Kurö q:t 8l; ~fl~ Nihon kindai shisö taikei Nakajirö ~~fl~ 13 *ili:ft ,'i!1.:m* N akamuda Kuranosuke q:t.$ EI3 :@" Z WJ Nihon kobunka kenkyüjo* hökoku Nakamuda Kuranosuke den B :<$:'i5x{tiff~m~15 q:t.$EI3:@"ZWJ. Nihon köra B:<$: Et'. Nakamuda Takenobu q:t.$EI3JEem Nihon Kirisuto kyökai shi Nakamura Keiu q:ttJi'l~ B:<$:~'&~~5I: Nakamura Köya q:ttJ~{:Q. Nihon rekishi B :<$:Jff51: Nakamura Masanao q:ttJiE@: 'Nihon ryügü no Minmatsu shoshi' Nakamura Shinshichi q:ttJji§t B ;2fs::mt:~Q)a)3*~± NakaneYukie ~fJt~u Nihon shiseki kyökai B ;;f5:5I:mmft Nakanishi Masaki q:tgsiEW Nihon shinbun rekishi B ;2fs::~BfJJff.51: Nakao Shinsuke q:t ~~ WJ Nihon sösho mokuroku B;2fs::_ if § j!f( Nakayama Kyüshirö q:t Ll.J fLllY fl~ Nihon Yögaku hennen shi Nakayama Sakusaburö ~ Ll.J f'F == fl~ B:<$:~~1iiif.5I: Nakayori P.J\fI~I'I Nihon Yömeigakuha no tetsugaku Namura Hanamichi ;ßtJ:ffi~ B :<$:l\ia)3~?*Q)!f~ 'Nanbei Zhi[li] tu' ~~t@: (MOlII Nihon zuihitsu zenshü B ;2fs::1!lI*~$ Nanbing Wenshe ~MxU Nimrod imm~~ nandao ... bucheng .m· .. ;r-pj(; Ninggudao $'i5~ Nanhai ~1'fj Ningguta $~ Naniwa ashi ~:ffi~ Ninnaji t~~ Naniwa Oshio södö ki ~:ffi*.nll.J~c Nishi Amane gs fflj Naniwa söjö kiji ~:ffin~ic. Nishikawa laken gs JIIj/oW, Nanjiang yishi ~iI~.5I: Nishikawa loken isho gs JIljmW,ilif 'Nanjing cheng' ~*:11& Nishiki Bunryü j/ßXmt: Nanjuku shü ~~$ Nishikitani röjin j/ß~~A Nankai chiran ki ~1'fj~lLic Nis-Shin kyöwakai B mm~ft Nankin hishi ~*M.5I: Noah mm Nankoku shiwa ~m.5l:ffi!i Nongxue bao .~~ Nanpo Bunshi öshö ~mixz~f<16 Nötomi Kaijirö tf:J~ fr- ~fl~ Nanpo bunshü ~miX$ Noyama goku bunkö !l!fLl.J~)(~ Nanryü köfuryaku ~ft0~~ Numazu ill$ Nanryü kun iji ~ft~iI. Nuttari ill~ Nansui man 'yü shüi ~*~itfj~iI Nan tian hen ~*m Obama Toshie /NTfIJ~ 'Nan Zhili tu' ~@:.III Oba Osamu *Jj!Mf Napoleon 1Jß?dl ~U jf öbun ßVix Narahara Nobumasa *W-1I*i& Ochi $1i~ Narushima Motonao pj(;8l; ~@: Ochiguri monogatari ~~4WJ~ Narushima Ryühoku pj(;8l;m~t Ogai zenshü IIlHi·~$ Nawa Nagatoshi ;ß~~if. Ogawa Gihei IN 11 fil~ neige 1JßOO Ogura Hidenuki IJ\:@"~ff Neike xinshuo pg~~~ OguraNaofusa IJ\;@"iEnJ niaoshou lüelun ,~It~~ Ohara Sakingo (Donkyö) *W-ti:~.g 'Nichen zhuan' ~~ .. (ffW) Nichi-Ran bunka köshö shi no kenkyü Oi Kentarö *#It*,=fl~ B JlJX{t3<:t!V 5I:Q)Uff~ 'Oi Kentarö ippa no Osakajiken' Nihon bugaku kenkyüjo *#If:;tfl~-?mQ)*~&.f4 B;;f5:JEe~Uff~m Okahashi Kiyoshi r.qJmm

267 Japan and China

Okubo Toshiaki * 7-.. 1* flJ. Pingding Yuefei jilüe .iJl-)E "1~Hc.~ Okubo Toshimichi *7-..1*fIJii Pingding Yuekou jilüe .iJl-)E" jfnc.~ Okuda Mototsugu jJ, B3 ftll 'Pingyi xiance' .iJl-~*m Okuma Shigenobu *IINDim Poyang _ Okuno Masatsuna jJ,Jf~" Okura Nagatsune *jl7"k m Qian Bingdeng ~*m okurigana ~ IJ i\!j ~ 'Qianlong zhengfu Annan ji' Omori Hiroya *~Mft ~~c Ono Kozan IJ\Jf1NJLlJ 'Qianlong zheng Miandianji' Ono Harunaga IJ\Jf~~ ~U~c Onuma Chinzan *?BttLlJ Qian Shaofeng ~~~ 'Oranda chikushi' fOlIJ f16t Qi Jiguang mzllJ't 'Oranda füsetsugaki no kenkyü' Qiling ji ti:f~. ~1IJ~Jl\N:.V')if~ Qilong €ft 'Oranda füsetsugaki no kenkyü, Oranda 'Qi lun' ~mfB füsetsugaki no kaidai' ~1IJ~JJ.l.N& Qi Min lu iITtMljg{ V')if~, ~IIJ~JJ.I. N:iiV')MlIli Qingchao shiliao lIW351:*'l- Oranda iji mondöfOlIJ ••r",'ß Qingchao yeshi daguan rJW3Jf 5I:*1l 'Orandakoku bu' ~1IJ~1Ia(fß Qingdai jinshu zhijian lu Osaka ikki roku *~& -~jg{ rJfIt~ iHa ~jg{ Osaka no goku *~&V')~ Qingdai puxue dashi liezhuan Osaka Oshio Heihachirö bankiroku rJfltm**fliHUf$ *~&*.ifl- J\l'1~~~cjg{ Qing-Qi 'W1J!f Osaka shinpö *~&~~ Qing shi gaG rJ 5I:m Osaka shi shi *~&m 51: Qing shi Hong Xiuquan zaiji Osa Sanshü ~-=-?Jt/ rJ5I:~*~~~c Osatake Takeki ):€, fti:-t1§i: Qing shi liezhuan rJ 51: 9U f$ Oshimaya Ihee IN~b ~ fjf:ß<~ Qingsu jiwen rJ~c.M Oshio den *Jlff Qingtai rJiJ' Oshio gyakubö jikki jo Qing wuji rJtEt~c *JI~~.~cFf Qingyi bao rJ.~ Oshio Heihachirö *Jlifl-J\l'1~ 'Qionghe huahai' llJ?üJ~m Oshio Heihachirö den *Jlifl-J\l'1~ff Qishan ~~ 'Oshio Heihachirö ron' *Jlifl-J\l'1~mfB Qiuming JiI'lJl Oshio söran kikigaki *JlOILM& Qiu Changdao Jiß ~ ii Ota Kumatarö ÄB3ff~Äl'1~ Qiyaoqi ~m~ Otomo Kisaku *iitWf'F Quanshi liangyan Ilrt!!: ~ ~ Otomo Yoshishige *iitfta 'Quanshi liangyan yu Taiping tianguo Oto Shigeru ~?Ii. T geming zhi guanxi' Otsuki Fumihiko *~)(~ 1bt!t~~:WÄ.lfl7(IIa1j5:1l'Pzllif* Otsuki Kiyoyuki *~rJ Z Quanti xinlun ~ft ~mfB Otsuki Nyoden *~~O. Quan Zhe bingzhi kao ~ Wf :ß< tU =i!t Ouchi Yoshitaka *P9jli!i Quan Zuwang (Xieshan) ~*fI.~ (ItLlJ) 'Ouluoba zhi' l!IXäE.~ 'Quhe pian' 1Wi1'iIT. Owari U Qu Yuan Jffl ~ Oyabe Zen'ichirö IJ\ft(fß~-l'1~ Oyanagi Shigeta INW~~Ä raihe '71""• Ozawa Saburö IN'-=-l'1~ Raimon -mr, Rai Sanyö fjf LlJ lWi Paokao li.~~ Rakuzendö ~~1i!: paradise ?SlfU'H:.l. Rangaku daidö hen lIi**iili Persia B Jl g!BE: Rangaku kotohajime lIi*.Ml

268 Glossary reigen f9tl~ Ryühaku ft1S re lun ~M~ Ryühoku ikö fJjp~til~ Ren il 'Ryükyüchikushi' ~~t1~ Renda tm Ryükyü shiryaku ~~~@ Renfa tQ Renji yiguan t~.m Sach'ön ?~J 11 'Renlei lun' AMätfU Saigö Takamori :W.i!i~ 'Renlei zonglun' AM*lätfU Saikin Shina shi m:Jl[::t~~ ~ 'Renren wenku' AA:>c,* Saint Mary *~H.L.~fiJ~ Ren Ruitu f:f:JlfflIll Sairan igen *.~ ~ Renshen gaishuo AJHIIU~ Sairensha -lj- -1 v ~ tt 'Rensheng huiju tongju dengshi lun' Saitö Chikudö JlfIHt1i!: A~~~[r:tJ,@~$ätfU Saitö Daizaburö JIf§*-=-!l~ Renyin Zhapu xunnan Lu Saitö Kaoru (Shitoku) .§§ (-r{,WD ::f: jit ~7m ~IUlk Saitö Setsudö (Masanori) .§1!ß1i!: (IE~) 'Riben' B;$: Saitö Yakurö .lgflJL!l~ Riben guo zhi B ;$:W~ Sakamoto Ryöma :l:&;$:ft~ 'Riben kao' B;$:~ Sakaya Yutaka ~.frß'i Riben qishiji B ;$:-ZfliUc Sakoku jidai Nihonjin no kaigai chishiki: Riben riji B;$:B~c sekai chiri, Seiyö shi ni kansum bunken 'Riben rukou tu' B ;$:J..JrltIll kaidai jtW~ft B ;$:A(J)1m7H[]~: Riben tuzuan B ;$:111. t!t~Jtl3~ , gs#~I::IHIT Q:>clt Riben wendian B ;$::>cA Mim Riben yijian B ;$:-ti Sakuma M:.?-.Fdl Rigaku teiyö ~~tfJ! Sakuma Morimasa .f1i:.?-.m~i& Rikken seitö Ji..i&. Sakuma Shözan M:.?-.Fdl ~ Ll.J Rikken seitö shinbun Ji.llifi&.ifl3;fJ Sakumu kiji 1YF~~c$ rippötai Ji.jJftI sama tl Risshisha Ji.~U Samura Hachirö M:;t'.t J\!l~ Ro Jin annai e.ill~~ Sanada Kökan !JiE8~. Ro Jin den e.ill1$ Sandianhui -=-~~ Ro Jin no inshö e. ill(J) !:P ~ San'gan LlJfii RoJin no kotoba e.ill(J)~~ Sanhai -IT /' .I '\-{ Ro Jin senshü e.ill~~ Sanjü nen shi -=-+if. ~ Röjü ~Jfl sanshi =-~ Rome .,~ santo kamae -=-_""" Römon .F~ Sanyö ikö LlJllJiRMi ron ätfU Satö Chin'en M:§"III Rong Mengyuan ~~~ Satö Eishichi M:Bj~-t Rongo shiken ätfUmtf.L..w. Satö Haruo M:Bj~~ Rongo shikö ätfUmtf.L.~ Satö Issai M:§-. Rösökan ~~m Satö lssai to sono monjin Ro Takeshi •• ~t-t(J)F~A Ruan Jin ~jt~ Satö Motokura M:§ftll1i Ruan Mei ~jt ~ Satö Nobuhiro M:§ffimM Ruan Yuan ~jjj[; Satö Nobuhiro bugaku shü, Nihon bugaku 'Rulin' f=** taikeiM:BjffimMJ1t~~, B ;$:J1t~ 'Ru Mian lucheng' }Jjfi~fj Rusui ii;:r,@ Satö*1* Nobuhiro, gimon no jinbutsu 'Ryögun waboku, fuku wayakujömoku' M:BjffimM ' ~F,,'(J)A~ m~'I!f;JW~§ Satö Nobuhiro kagaku zenshü Ryokuten sanbö *f<*Ll.Jm M:BjffimM~~~~

269 Japan and China

Satö Nobuhiro no shisö ShaHei 1t:tP3 ~jH~7IlII(7),~~ 'Shandong sheng tu' Ll.J*~1II Satö Nobuhiro sM ~iJiIH~mlI. Shangdi quanneng L ~~tm Satö Sozai (Bokuzan) ~iJiIU~M (1:5cU.o Shangdiquanzhiquanren Satö Yüzai {3:§MUIf L~~~~t: Satsu han sösho .flWiI 'Shangdi tiyong lun' L~ftfflIDfU Satsuma JlWfl.l Shangdi weiyi L~lIfE- Sawa Ginjirö ~lU&»'::il~ Shangdi zhida L1U:?i:§.* Seibu kifuroku ~ffit~cl!f;f_ 'Shanghai Xiaodaohui luanshi de shimo' 'Seibu ki jo' ~ffit~cf&{ L.j\7JMl~* Seibu ki saiyö ~ffit~c~~ Shanghai Xiaodaohui qiyi shiliao huibian Seigaku tözen to Chügokujijö: 'zassho' L#i/j\7J.€fl~~IHi. sakki gg~*. eq:tlJ1.m: 'Shanghai Xiaodaohui qiyi zongxu' r •• J *L~c L#i/j\JJft€j!l*!f&{ Seihan yashi ggfl!l!f ~ Shanghai xinbao L#i~~ Seiji hanron i&ra~fLä1fi Shanghaizhanggucongshu Seiju Mif L_~ Seikadö bunko fI.~)(}iji Shangjiangjun L~. Seikadö bunko Kanseki bunrui mokuroku 'Shanhai en'ryü nichiroku' fI.~:>C}iji~.5Hi'i EI_ L#ittiWiS_ Sei-Kan roku ~ •• 'Shanhai töko' L#i?1iNi Seiken roku "_ Shanhai töko kiji L#i?1iNiic. 'Seiken yüshiki' lE~::x.~ Shanhai zakki L#i.ic Seikökan shuppanbu .o.X:1{;ft'i1! t±lll& $ Shanheguan Ll.J Will Seiten hekireki W-*: •• 'Shanxi sheng tu' LlJgg~1II Seiyö gakka yakujutsu mokuroku Shao Tingcai Bß~* gg#~~~~EI_ Shaoxing xianzheng yishu Seiyö rekkoku shiryaku gg#JUIJ1~~ m$9ClEjl1I Seiyö sM shi gg#/J\~ Shaozu mt.ll Seiyö zakki gg#.ic Shenbaoguan $ ~~ Seiyö zasshi gg#.~ Shenbaoguan shumu $ ~ft'i1!11 EI Seiyü nikki ggWf S ic sheng ~ Sekido Kakuzö IIIp~jjl sheng (province) ~ Seki Giichirö IllBi-J1~ Shengbao 51* Sekiyörö 7H 'Shengchao [Ming) diwang kao' ~~ Sekiyörö mujindokoro 7~J.JiJT (aJ3)~.:E~ Seki Yoshinao IIIflülf 'Shengwu buru leilun' ~~1IlIi1L~IDfU sen ~ Shengwuji ~ffi:~c 'Sengoku shiryö sösho' ~1J1~~ittf 'Shengwu zonglun' ~~*!IDfU Senjuin f=F~ 'Shenti lun' ~ftä1fi 'Sensei fushi jifun setsu' Shen Yunshi tt~. 9C~:X:-TEl14:~ Shen Zhen tt~ Senshindö sakki l$t/L.\~?i'inc Shenzong t$* senshö Ma~ shi :ti Senshü ftk Shiba Kökan "P] ,1i~8:~ Senshü Iwase it1+1JUJ shibucha 11* Sentetsu södan 9C§"it~ Shibukawa Chüjirö f1 J11 ~,=il~ Sentetsu södan zokuhen 9C§"it~ Shichizaemon -t:tc~r~ ( ) Shi Dakai :till~ Senzaimaru.. f~:tL Shidansö ~~j[ Seruteito itfitrilfNf! Shi Daogang 1lIi31UBU 'Shaanxi sheng tu' ~gg~1II 'Shidi xiao congshu' ~:tt!vJ\il1l

270 Glossary

Shigakkai ~ ~11t shinko ryö Kapi tan WT"i5 fiP.j tJ> V' t.: ,z, Shigakkai zasshi ~ ~,,~~ Shinkyanfuoi s,...- /' =\'-"7 /' 7 7 -1 Shigaku zasshi ~ ~~~ Shin Min gundan ?l13)311l~ Shigenori m;;§ Shinonome shinbun *~WTIlfJ Shigeno Seisai mffliX:. Shinozaki Shöchiku .Wiit/j\t'r Shigeno Yasutsugu mff~~ Shinron WTli1fU Shiichi +- shinpan m7i Shiji .9:~c Shinpan jiryaku fSt5e..~ Shijing ~~ shin sekai WTttt ~ shijö $#1; Shinsetsll Min Shin kassen ki ShiJun ~~ ~~?I~~~c Shiki, So-Kan hen ~~C ' ~r~. Shinshi ranyö m~fW~ Shimabara Eiji ~I*~n!l Shinshü ~HI Shimabara Kammonosuke ~ I*mHfßM Shin Tökyömaru ~*gn Shimabara Kiuemon ~I*~ti~F~ Shin zokll ibun ?llI!X~1lfJ Shimai Kiyomitsu ~Ji!fmiil$i Shionoya On llI-e-tIiI. Shimazu ~~ , :ti "t-r- Shionoya Töin (Seikö) §I:fr;g~ Shimazu Hisamitsu ~~Ä:Yt (ttt5J,.) Shimazu Hisatoshi ~~ÄJtl Shionoya Tokitoshi (Seizan) 1lI-e-~ij!( Shimazu Narioki ~~~J! (WLlJ) Shimazu shi keifu ryaku ~~.e:;;*m~ shi 0 okashite 1E ~ ~ L -r Shimazu shiryö shii ~~.9:~~ Shiping :tim Shimazu Yoshihiro ~~Jl5.L. ShiQi :ti3 Shimazu Yoshihisa ~~JlÄ Shiqi shiji zhi shijiu shiji sishi niandai Shimizu Ichijirö m*$td~ +-t;ttt~c.?t +fL ttt~c Im +if- ft Shimoda nikki ~EE B ~C Shiryö shüsei: Yoshino Muromachijidai Shina gikyoku shii x~~~HI!m gaikan ~*'I-~IiX:: aff~B!J~ft Shinai torishimari ruishii $pg~~~ ~~ Shinajinbun köwa ~~A~ 'Shiryö sösho' ~~if. Shina koku X~~m Shisei -r- liX: 'Shina zairyü Yasokyö senkyöshi no Nihon Shiseki shiiran ~~m. bunka ni oyoboseru eikyö' Shi Shiyong ~t!tffl x~~:tEWiIIß~ f!{lUiWo:> B: ~U Mi ~ WIl iiiJ ~ ~ Shöei-chö ~:kB!J Shinchö jöran jiisetsugaki Shoga kaisui H9l$ m_~. Shöheikö 1§-'fZ-. Shinchöshiryaku m~~~ Shöheizaka gakumonjo 1§-'fZ-±:&~r"'~ffl Shinchö zenshi m~:i: .9: Shöin sensei icho ~~ge~jI~ Shin-Ei ahen no söran m~1\iiJ }to:>RIL Shökyö lEg 'Shin-Ei kassen no koto' m~~o:>. 'Shökyö' [E;j~ Shin-Ei kinsei dan m~Jl[ttt~ 'Shoshü shishi, Ryohaku no chishin Shu I, Shin-Ei sen ki m~~~C nochi ni Shötökai no gunshi to naru' Shinkoku Kanpö ran ki mmJ9XIlIL~c ~1'H*U~ , gfs/~§ . *_ ' Shinkoku kinsei ran shi mli1lJl[ttt"L~ t&';:'/j\ JJ 11t / lIlW I- IiX:Jv 'Shinkoku ryakuzu' ~1iI 'Shötökai daini no töryö Yö Shüei' 'Shinkoku ryügakusei kaikan' Ij\JJ11t~=/ ~~ • ~*~ m~Wi~~11tgg 'Shötökai hanashi' Ij\ JJ 11tffiS

271 Japan and China

'Shötökai no chöhon So I' Suganuma Teitü 1fm~l1. IJ\7Jll J5i:<:fi:' ~~ Suga Tatehiko 1f~ ~ 'Shötökai sötaishö Kö Shüsen' Sugawara no Michizane 1f ~31i!Jl IJ\7Jll*,*~ . ~*~ Sugita Genpaku ~83~B 'Shotoku zasshü' ~Jlfft*'f Sugita Teiichi ~ EEI JE- shou (karni) ~ Sugiume Tarö ~ffiiÄ!'l~ Shözaemon fftc.~r~ Suharaya Mohee ~~m~~~ shu M Suimu chijin M.~A Shü Bunjizaemon fffJ:>t=tc.~r~ Suiriku senpö roku *~til$;~ Shuihu zhuan 7]t Taihei ki ÄSf~c Siwen daji ,~,:>c*~C taikakusen fl:ß3~ 'Si yi' IZY~ taiko Äii Sizhou zhi IZY~~ Taiping lizhi ÄSfmllilJ Taiping tianguo Sö ÄSf7(1lm Soejima* Taneomi mUNbflE2 Taiping tianguo congshu shisan zhong Sökikan ffi#llIMl ÄSf7(llmft~+~fI Sokuja manroku ,~Jf~lt.~ Taiping tianguo dianzhi tongkao sokuryögaku 1lUii* ÄSf7(Ilm~IliIj~:jIt Sone Toshitora 1it:t.&f~J.1e 'Taiping tianguo Hong Tianwang jiashi 'Song Huang Jinwu [Xiaoqing) Feng kaozheng' Shiyu [Jingdi) qishi Riben' Ä Sf 7( Ilm ~ 7(.:E. ~ i!t,tm ~j&'~g [;f:9flIJ) {.~f;ffilll [Jirm) Taiping tianguo lishi bowuguan Zi'liliB:t~ Taiping tianguo shi jizai dingmiu ji soshiki m. ÄSf7(Ilm~ ~c~n~~ soshiki teki il..~ Taiping tianguo shiliao ÄSf7(Ilm~~

272 Glossary

Taiping tianguo shiliao bianwei ji Tamaki Bunnoshin .:E*)(zift Ä.lJZ-x~~f>j.m~m Tami ya Yukiharu EH '§ Z # Taiping tianguo shiliao congbian jianji Tamura Hisatsune EB H Ä 'M' Ä.lJZ-x~~f>j.iUIiim;m Tanabe EH~ Taiping tianguo shishi /wo Tanaka EH q:t Ä.lJZ-x~~*~ Tanaka Kenji EH r:f:1~= Taiping tianguo shishi rizhi Tanaka Shöhee 83!:f:1 J± Am Ä.lJZ-x~~*BU Tanaka Takeo EH r:f:1Qt:k 'Taiping tianguo yu Tiandihui guanxi de Tang Fi1f wenti' Tangren Fi1f A Ä.lJZ- X ~W X i1B 1it IMI f*!r-J F,,' Ji!1i Tang Rui (Juedun) ~fX (jUID Taiping tianguo zaji diyiji Tan Sitong li'IliIJlPl Ä.lJZ-x~~uc.m-u Tan tian ~X Taiping tianguo ziliao mulu Tan wang ~ tt Ä.lJZ-x~Wf>j.§~ Tao Chengzhang i!8D.oX::!it Taiping zhaoshu Ä.lJZ-~if Tatemori Kö (Shükai) ~~p,e (:fEI:rl'm) taiseki Ilfff Tazanno ishi flßwz:ti taisü Jjl\{ Tei Enpeijiryaku Iß}jg.lJZ-*1B! Taitökaku *moo teihen ®:if Taiwan lishi zhaji ai1t}ff~;fL~c. 'Teikai ken zu' 5EHIII Taiwan sheng tongzhi a.~)iiiS; Teikoku chihö gyösei gakkai Taiwan shi ai1tU ~ ~ tiß:1Jlr i& ~1it Taiwan töshi ai1t~~ Teinhei T -1 ;'-"'1 Taiwan waiji ai1tji-ic. Tei Seikö Iß.oX:~ Taiwan Teishi kiji ai1tIßE:~c.* Tei Seikö den Iß!i.X:~f$ 'Taixijinshijiyao' ~@lli**c.~ 'Teishi enpeigan ra fuku rusetsu' Taizu zuxun Ät./l mw" IßE::I:i A lj{ ~ ~1 )jt, ~ Takaichi Yoshio iWi$"ut Tei shögun Seiköden Iß~.!i.X:~f$ Takami Inosuke rWlJe.mZft 'Tei Shun kö' Iß~f* Takanabe iWi ~ teki (de) !r-J Takano Chöei iWiff*~ ten I!i Takasago no koto narabete Kokusen'ya Tenchü ki xtt~c monogatari ' Tenjinmaru xt$n m:1JJIJf:!>ftZ*1t-~t&ift~lffl Tenködö xw1it Takasu ~?J+I (Ä{~ El) Tenkörö sösho xW.iiif Takasugi Shinsaku ~~iHF Tennöjiya Ichiröhee x.:E~~*€!~~m Ta/wsugi Shinsaku zenshü Tenpö ran ki X ~ IL ~c. iWi~fi"{'F ~m Tenryüji xft~ Takata Sanae iWi EB!f. ES Tenpö nikki X~ B ~c. Takaya Ryüshü ~ftft1+1 Tenshösha kaiwa xwUlltffiS Takebe Seian M!$~~ Tentei Nyorai X~~O* Takeda Taijun Jlt EH ~W Teramachi ~ Takekura JltMl Terusawa Shima no kami ~~iiS;*~ Takemoto Chikugo no jö t'r::$:~rH&Wt Tezuka Ritsu ~~~ Takemoto Gidayü t'r::$:flÄ:k Tiande X~ Takemura Shörei t'rf;j"MH~ 'Tiandihui qiyuan kao' Xi1B~~~~ Takenaka Kuniyoshi t'r!:f:1 fßW Tiandihui weruianlu x:ttB1it)(~~ Takeuchi Yoshimi t'rP'g~r Tiandinghui ~T1it Takimoto Seiichi lft::$:~- tianguo X~ Taki Sei ich i lftftV- Tianli xI! Takishirö ~~iiS;. Tianli yaolun XJ!~IDfti Tamada Onkichi .:EEB tr-a Tianming zhaozhi shu x$~'§i'if

273 Japan and China

'Tianqi zhutian lun' ::R~~~ 'Toku Saden' äW;;j:f$ tianshi ::Rtt 'Toku Sanyö gaishi' .w/lJ!7} 51:: 'Tianwang Hong Xiuquan zhi chushen' Tokushi zeigi .5I::JU; ::R:x.~~~zili~ Tökyö nichinichi shinbun ** B B ~/lt1 'Tianwen chandu tu' ::R:>tlltJrlll Tökyö shihan gakkö **BiJj$8*~ Tian Yuqing EE ~. Tomita monjo MEE:>tit 'Tianxia zongtu' ::R""f *' 111 Tomita Takahiro MB3~5.l. Tianxue chuhan ::R*W~ 'Tongshang maoyi lun' Jmitfj1i ~~ tianwen lüelun ::R:>t~~ Tongwenguan 11=U:>t~ 'Tianzi zhi bao' ::Rr zU Tongzhi Shanghai xian zhi l1=U?itl:8;=t; Tigris ~~lEWT Töö Ilf:x. Tö-A senkaku shishi kiden Torii Hisayasu sensei kakö kinen ronshü: ]!H~7t*;=t;±~c 1$ Chügoku no gengo to bungaku Tobayama Kan p ~~ LlJ. ,~JiSÄMt7t~~iHI3~c~~~ : Töbun ]ft>c t:pmo:>-g~t)C* Töda 3iEE Toriya Gisaburö ,~.m..:=Jlß Toda Yamashiro no kami pEELlJ~ Tösai minken shi _~*,5I:: Tödo Ilf± Tösen banashi ima Kokusen 'ya 'Tödo haiya no hanashi' IlfIBSD*'i~ m '11:* 1lf±1±"\~o)l';ttt L- 'Tösen ni karamaru Bönotsu no seisui' Tödö Izumi no kami I1i!tg:;f[]~~ 1lf1BS1::~i {,:f:jj7$o:>§1l: 'Tödo köyo no zenzu' 1lf±~!ifJ.z~1II Tösö Ilffff 'Töetsu ken no shu Tö [Tö] Jun, noch i ni totokushoku no mono W'liI!llO:>~ Shötökai no gun ni kuwawaru' Totsukawa +7$)1/ !I~~J ±~~[Bß1/llrt' t&.:::./NJ Töyama Saemon no jö 3iw~~m 1lt J ~..::.1JO/"Jv Töyama Unjo 3iLlJ~3!D Töin sonkö ~~1nl1li Töyö bunko *#:>tßl:i Töin sensei nenpü ~~7t~if.m Töyö garon shüsei *#JUfU~!5.X: Töjö Kindai (Nobuyasu) Töyö gyosha *#iftt* *~iJ' ( fi3~ ) Toyoda Mitsugi IlEEJf Töjö shoten *~i!H5 Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1I~*a Töjuen fjlsmt~ Tözaian Nanboku *gg/lli:~~t Tökai Gyojin *wifttA 'Tözai honzö rokuyö' *gg*1jt~~ Toki Yorimune (Tanba no kami) Tseke ',,/.x. - '7 - ±iJB{fji~ (ft?Bl~) tsübun Jm5t Tökoku Ilfm Tsuitöji ffif!jf.1$ 'Tökoku bu' Ilfm$ Tsuji Zennosuke tl. fi zM Tökö sensei ibun *fi7t~jJl:>t Tsukamoto Ki ~*fi Töko zenshü *#1l~~ Tsükö ich iran JmM-. 'Toku Fushimi sen ki' älf*JVlIUc Tsumagi ~* Tokugawa Iemitsu ~) 11 ~:J'{; Tsune tH 'Tokugawa Iemitsu no Shina shinryaku no Tsunoda Bun'ei ~EE)C~ kito' ~)"~:J'{;O:>~Jj~~~o:>ftlll Tsuruya Kiuemon D.m.~::tiftfr~ Tokugawa Ieyasu ~JII~m Tsutsui Kii no kami ffiJmcf1Y-tr Tokugawa shoki no kaigai böekika Tsutsumi Asakaze :fJEl!mfflil. ~) I IWWlo:> w7}1i ~~ Tsutsumi Köshishi :fJE~±;=t; Tokugawa Yorinobu ~) 11 fji11!: Tsutsumi Seiji jJiffl = Tokugawa Yoshikatsu ~) liD Tsüzoku Kokusen 'ya chügi den Tokugawa Yoshinobu ~) 11. ~ Jm m- m tli *,'i!H!l 1$ 'Toku Höjö kyüsei shi' äI~t.iL i!t51:: Tsüzoku zentai shinron Jmm-:i:ft~~ 'Toku kagaku jigen' .""f *jI i§ Turks wmm Tokunö Michiaki mijgJm~ Tuxing lun ±&~

274 Glossary

Udagawa Kaien (Genzui) "Fm J11tw.~ Wan Ming shzji kao ~aJj .5I::f!f:?t (~ISi) Wan Sui Hong ~1&~ Udai kindö hisaku "Fpg~lPJ~m Wanxing tongpu ~il1Mt~ Udono Chöei .U1H~:jjt Washizu Ikutarö .?$W~ß Ueki Emori 1r*~~ Washizu Kan .?$~ Uemura Masahisa lr~;jIE~ Watanabe Chiaki W3I-=ft'c Ukai Nobuyuki (Sekisai) 5@l!JFäz. Watanabe Kazan W3I$LlJ (;S~) Watanabe Kazan, Takano Chöei, Kudö U kö shüran ~ Jjt~. Heisuke, Honda Toshiaki Umeda Unpin ffjJffi~~ W3I$ LlJ ' il1Iill!f~ 9t ' IjfPf WJ Unebi shobö ~ m. m , *mf'JaJj Unko shinbun ki i..\1.t5~ßlj~c Watanabe Köhei W3I0-'f Unnan shinwa ~~ffi!i Watanabe Shüjirö W3I~*flß Unsö zuihitsu ~j[m. Watanabe Tokujirö W3Im.*flß 'Unryösan no götö Chö Kaku, nochi ni Watanabe Yakurö W3Ir-Jflß Shötökai no gun ni kuwararu' Watönai ;f[JBjpg ~ftLlJ / IifdU~ • mß:J' t& / IJ\)] Wayaku bankoku köhö W~~~0l$; 1lt / ~.::..1JO/"}v Weibin i~1Ji Uryü Tora m.~ji{ Wei Changhui !it J§ • Ushigome-döri 4' Jb JI! Weilianchen litfü::! Weilieyali ~r.u:s:2.1J 'Waiguo' j}~ Wei Moshen Ilt~~ 'Waiguo zhuan (Chaoxian)' j}~f$ weixin ~~ (~~) Weixin shuju ~~. 1m Waiguo zhuzhi ci j}~tT~~ Wei Yuan Iltit Waiyi xiao shi j}~/J\9:: 'Wei Yuan de sixiang' Iltit@;~,m Wakagibunko ~~~ Wei Zheng #IE wakö (wokou) ~JIl Wei Zhengjishi fmlß~c* Wakokuhon Min-Shin shiryöshü wen )( w~u*aJj~Jil*'l-~ Wengzhou Laomin ~ 1'1'1 ~.§'; Wan Da Hong ~*~ Wen Ruilin i..\1..~ Wang (wang) 3:. Wen Tianxiang )(x~ Wang Chongwu 3:. ~ ~ Wenxian zhuankan )( ~ WflJ Wang Hongxu 3:.Pi~ 'wenyuan ' )(~ Wang Kangnian (Rangqing) ?:I:mif. 'Wenyuan zhuan' )(~f$ (flqfljJ) Wenzhang guifan )(iiI~afi! WangKun ixM Wubei zhi ~.$ Wang Lipei 3:. tli:l:f Wuerxi ~ •• Wang Shouyun 3:. 0'~ Wu Fa ~l$; Wang Shuming ?:I:a&aJj 'Wuguan lun' 1i'ß~ Wang Tao 3:.fti Wu Jianzhang ~fI!~ Wanguo gangjian Lu ~~~~~ Wujing kaizong (Bukyö kaisö) ~~Im* Wanguo gongfa ~~0l$; Wu Zhenfang ~.:n Wang Wentai 5:)'(* 'Wushi yuji' ~~SUc Wang Xiangrong J: (.lJ 5R 'Wuzhi ji yidong deng lun' Wang Xianqian ~ !WjJVit f$1IJ~~ Wang Xiqi 3:.~~ Wu Zhongluan ~.t! Wang Yangming 3:.lIRJaJj WangYi 3:.~ Xiaer guanzhen ~jMJtft Wang Youling ix~8% Xianfeng donghua tu ~_ Wang Zhao 3:. ~ Xianggang xinwen ~m~ßlj Wang Zhi 3:. j][ 'Xiangheng xiangshi' IJ\fIi~~

275 Japan and China

Xiang Yu Jj:a~ XuKunn 'Xiang Yu benji' lJim*c XuNai H Xianliyazi JlfIJI!:2~ Xu Qin (Junmian) ~1lJ (~f1l) Xianxiaguan fwRIM XuWeinan ~~ Xiao Chaogui ~ XuXueju ~*~ Xiaodaohui Ij\7J* Xu Yihou ~.f& 'Xiaodaohui shouling Liu Lichuan Xu Youlan ~;OC1Jj fangwenji' XuYu ~ffl Ij\7J*§M;Ij.)IIWr,,~~c XuZi ~jffi. 'Xiaodaohui zhanju Shanghai muji ji' Ij\ 7J *f6.J:#ij 13 .~c Yabe Suruga no kami 9«$It?DJ~ Xiaofang huzhai yudi congchao Yaezakura matsunomidori Ij \JHiHf ~:tmil j'j> J\m.~Jj~ 'Xiaolin xiao shi' .wH!~ Yagiumi Tajima no kami ~~f.§.,~~ Xiaoshan Chenshi mfLLJ ~.s;; yakubun ~5t xiaoshuo IN~~ 'Yaku Yösho gi' ~~.Ii Xiaotian jinian fukao IJ \Wcif'-tfHx Yamada Jun LlJ 83 ~ Xiaotian jizhuan INI~~*c f.$ Yamada Kin'ichirö LlJ83ä1-l'l~ Xiao Yishan ..- LlJ Yamada Nagamasa LlJ 83 *i& 'Xia Yu zhishui tu' :I}I~d~*fII Yamada Seirin (Seizai) LlJ 83 JJ.l(;ftftt (19!fJ!f) Xia Xie :i:~ Yamada Shunkei LlJ 83 f~VIlII Xie Fangde lt;fJJm Yamaga Bansuke LlJJi"Mfi' Xie Guozhen 1t1iIß1l Yamagata Aritomo LlJ ~~ 1m Xie Jiehe ltfi'tJ Yamaguchi-ken kyöikukai xiemian ~OO LlJDlII*~1f* Xie Xingyao 1tJJ.~ Yamaguchi Muneyuki LlJ D}% Z. Xingchao lu fTW3~ Yamamoto Baigai LlJ*m~ Xing Jie HlHft Yamamoto bunko tosho mokuroku Xing Jinglüe 1fß~iBlf LlJ*:>C~fII.l3~ Xinmin congbao ~'§!;if~ Yamamoto Hidetaru LlJ*~;t1i! 'Xinmin shuo' ir'§!;~ Yamamoto Ken LlJ*_ Xin zhishi chubanshe ir~~I±l't'H± Yamamura Shöei LlJ H ~ 71<. Xitang quanji gs-g~~ Yamanaka Shöan LlJ q:t f~ /Il Xiufeng ~** Yamashiroya Kiyoyoshi LlJ~~1Wa xiucai ~:::t Yamashiroya Sahee LlJ~~~ß;.$j xixue gs~ Yamato ::k;ft:J Xixue dongjian yu Zhong-Ri wenhua Yamatoya Kihee ::k;ft:J~ fJß;.$j jiaoliu gs~*~Wq:t B :>cft3<:mt: Yamatoyo ken LlJlfff Xixuejicun @*_ff: Yamazaki LlJ 'fflf Xixue shumu biao gs~.13 ~ Yamazaki Ansai LlJ'fflfIVJJ!f Xiyi lüelun @.iBlf~ Yamazaki Gonhachirö LlJ'fflf*,J\l'l~ 'Xizang houji' gf&~c Yanagawa Seigan ~filJg Xu~ 'Yanagawa sensei itsuji' ~?DJ7'c~~~ 'Xuanji yuheng tu' ~f~\EE!JfII 'Yanagawa sensei ryakujö' Xuanzong g}% WIJ filJ 7'c ~ iBlf ~ Xue Fengchang ff Il ~ Yanagawa Shunsan ~?DJ~-=­ Xue Fucheng ff~iiiJJ.l(; Yan Fu .IH~ xuezheng ~i& Yang Bingnan ~mj$j Xu Fuyuan ~$~ Yang Shaotang (tang) m0~ (~) Xu Guangqi ~:Yt~ Yang Tingyun mf513 Xu Hai ~#ij 'Yangwu quanyu' ~~*'~ XuJiyu ~.~ Yang Xiuqing m~1W

276 Glossary

Yang Xiurong ~~ YiTuho **~ YangYi ~:§: Yi Wuzi ~-B--T Yangzijiang ~-T?I Yi Yin fttj'l" Yanjing xuebao ~ * ~m 'Yi zhan' il~ Yan Matai ~$=* 'Yochi ryakuzu' ~~ Yanping }jfSf!- Yögai kiryaku ~7Hc~ Yanping shijia }jfSf!-i!t* Yögai tsüran ~7})iI. Yansekian "" ~ -l:! - ~ 7 ~ Yögaku benran ~~{J!. Yan Siqi M,~~ Yokohama hanjö ki m~~~ ~c Yan Zhenguan Ml:!IU~ Yongan biji JlI ~~iUc Yao Jiyun !eE~~ Yongli 7"kM Yao shoten J\.~iH;5 Yongzheng JlIE Yao Weiyuan !eE~jf; 'Yoroppabu' ~mE:.$ Yapian zhanzheng fth~~ Yorozuya Hyöshirö "M~AIZB fl~ Yapian zhanzheng shiqi sixiang shi zitiao Yoshida Kurazö aEE~-=­ xuanji Yoshida Shöin -aEE~i!1i fth~~~M,~,~5I::j(~~~ Yoshida Shöin zenshü -a EE t,t} i!1i:i: m Yapian zhanzheng shishi kao Yoshikawa Nobutarö a) 11 }jf:t:fl~ fth~~5I::.:1; Yöshi kiryaku ~ 5I::*c~ 'Yapian zhanzheng shumu jieti' Yoshikuni Tökichi -alfmflja fth~~.§mm Yoshimoto Noboru -a:2fs:JIt Ya shi ff 51:: Yoshino Maho aff~f* Yassekian "" ,y -l:! ~ 7 ~ Yoshino Rokubee ~ffA"AttT Yasuzumi Gonsai 3(ß'tN J!f Yoshino Sakuzö afff'Fm Yasuzu Motohiko 3(~~~ Yoshiteru j!lj;l!l 'Yaxiya zhi' :s:lg9:s:l;t; 'Yoshü Nojima-shi shin tai Minkoku ki' ye (ya) ilfr ffl1+1 ~g Nb.s;: ~ * flJlIfm ~c YeMa ~M 'You Hong Xiuquan guxiang suo dedao de Ye Shanji ~ff. Taiping tianguo xin shiliao' Yi* Vfj~~:i:i&~m~ 3itl~=*Sf!-*1fm 'Yibu Taiping tianguo de jinshu' ~5I::~ -$=*Sf!-*Ifm~~. You Ming 151fn Yifei fanjing tu ([hi hankyö You Qimin rn;ttBl'; roku) ~1lE~e.m~ You Tong :Jtil'!J Yifen wenji ~~IYJ~c Youyi 1ffli Yijing (journal title) ~ Yözö kaiku ron ~mft~~ Yijing (Classic ofChanges) ~~ Yuan Shide am~ 'Yikuan' il~ yuanxu L5l:Ff Yilibu ftt.m1'P Yu Dafum~1c Yinbingshi wenji @x<*~)(m 'Yudi beikao' ~:tmii:1; 'Yindujinshi' ~PfJtlli. Yuefei dalüe (Etsuhi tairyaku) _1lE~ Yinghuan zhi lüe .JJl;t;~ 'Yuekou jilüe' t!Jjfl*c~ Ying-Hua shuyuan :9H~.1I1C yuelun yuanque lun F.l ~ 1111 ~~ 'Yingjili yichuan rukou ji' Yuelu shusha ffi.451± ~afiJ~,mAjfl~c 'Yueshengjinshi shulüe' "'iJ'illi.3!!t~ 'Ying nü beiqin' ~~1.IItta yueshi dingli lun F.l ~~ f9tl~ Yingren qiangmai yapianji Yuexi Guitin shoucheng ji ~A5mJffth~c t!Jg9ftWtr~c Ying Shao I!!Eß Yügei en zuihitsu itfitlilllllll. 'Yinshi lun' @x*~ 'Yu gong' ~jl Yinvou tu IWD Yu Hui'an:E1!t~ 'Yi·shou' il~ Yui Shösetsu rnftIE~

277 Japan and China

Yukinaga l'r~ 'Zheng Chenggong de siyin kao' Yume monogatari .~m ~~~IEI~ 'Yunnan sheng tu' ~~1!:i'1I! Zheng Chenggong shishi yanjiu Yuqian mifl ~1JX:.Ij] ~ $liff ~ Yu Qinsheng ttr.j: 'Zheng Chenggong yanjiu cankaoshu Yü-Shin goroku iI1ifrf 1i~ mulu' tß~liff~~~~ § jg( 'Yüshitsu bunkö' ~~)(ij!j 'Zheng Chenggong zheng-Tai shulüe' Yu Tu'nan *II!~ ~1JX:.Ij]W: i:J~~ Yu Tonghe {flhjd'O 'Zheng Chenggong zhen tu' tß~ Yu Zongxin **ffi ~II! Zheng Chenggong zhuan tßlJX:~f$ 'Zaibu bian' fJ:FMiIi Zheng Damu ~** Zaisei keizai gakkai ftti&~rßf~'i" Zheng Dayu tß*fl'ß Zaitian *"~ Zheng Hongkui tß~3i 'zasshi' .51:! Zheng Jing (Jinshe) ~~ (~~) 'zasshi rui' .51:!~ Zhengjing huangdi IE* ~ ~ 'Zei mingji' lIIX;ß~c Zheng Juzhong (Yizou) Zeiyüroku WJltjg( tßJ5frf1 ( :#IB) Zeng Guofan ttiHI Zheng Keshuang tß~~ Zenshü mishü Hashimoto Sanai kankei Zheng Kaiyang zazhu ~~II.i.~ shiryö kenkyü Zheng Ruoceng tß~tt ~:$*1&m*tcpgH{*5I:!*'l-liff~ Zheng shi shiliao ~~*'l­ Zensumaruharaiso 'Zheng shi shixi ji renwu kao' ~/ Ä ?)vr '71 '/ ~~i!t*&A~~ Zentai shinron yakkai ~m~mfU~~ Zheng Shunchen tß~ Zha Jizuo 1tM1tr: Zheng Shungong tß~~ Zhang Bingnan ~:tP3~ Zheng Tianlin ~~ Zhang Cangshuiji ~I*:$ Zhengxin xu 1I:ffi Ff Zhang Huangyan (Cangshui) ~~ N Zheng Zhenduo tlHllU'f (~*) Zheng Zhilong IItZft Zhang Jian ~. 'Zheng Zhilong shoufu' IItZft'5't* Zhang Jianing ~.~ Zheng Zhilong zhuan IItZftf$ Zhang Junheng ~~~ zhi Z Zhang Kentang 5.N ~ ~ Zhijang waiji Jfi1JjHc Zhang Linbai ~M B Zhihu -Z!Je. Zhang Mao 5.N~ Zhihuan qimeng fi1JJl~~ Zhang Shouyong ~ •• Zhihuan qimeng shuke chubu Zhang Taigu 5.N~ft fi1JJl~~~~m$ Zhang Taiyan (Binglin) llt*~ (:tP3M) Zhi Weicheng -xf1l1JX: Zhang Xiumin ~* ~ Zhiwuxue M~~ Zhang Yinhuan ~i!im Zhongguo baoxue shi q:t IIU ~~ ~ Zhanwei m~ 'Zhongguo jindai shi ziliao congkan' Zhao Im J:j:t IIU Jl[ fit ~ Jl*'l-lHU ZhaoMu mtt Zhongguo jindai shi ziliao xuanji Zhapu jiyong 'foo~ q:t1lUJl[fIt~Jl*'l-~it Zhao Yuanzong JI!!11jf;* Zizongguo jindai sixiang shi cankao ziliao 'Zhejiang sheng tu' #1f?I1!:i'1I! jianbian Zhenjiang fu a?I!& J:j:t IIU Jl[ fit ,~, ~ 51:! ~ ~ x*'l-Mlli Zheng ~ Zhongguo jindai sixiang shilun wenji Zheng Chenggong ~IJX:~ q:t IIU Jl[ fit ~,~.9:! ll!fB)(:$ Zheng Chenggong danchenjinian teji Zhongguo jinshi bishi q:t1lU~~ ~~~JiZ~c~~it Zhongguo shixuehui q:t 1IU.9:! ~1it

278 Glossary

Zhongguo sixiang tongshi Zhuge Yuansheng ~ lt :ltIi r:p ~ ,Iil:,:mJi ~ ZhuHua U Zhongguo zaoqi qimeng sixiang shi Zhu Jiutao *fLiI r:p~!f.M@f~m:m~ 'Zhu Jiutao kao' *fL*I:?t Zhongguo zhexue shi ziliao xuanji, jindai Zhu Junwang *~[E zhi bu Zhuoru !j[ ~O r:p~11f*~j(pj.~.,Jl[f\;Z$ Zhu Tiande **~ Zhong Jingwen .$:)( Zhu Yuanye *~ Zhong-Ri guanxi shi wenxian Zhu Yuanzhang *:lt~ /unkaot:p S *~~)c~~~ ZhuWu *~ Zhongshan wenhua jiaoyuguan jikan 'Zhu wuzhi ti lun' ~~'ffftt~ r:p llC:>c{tfXlljg*fU Zhuzi yu/ei daquan *-=f1m~*~ zhongtang r:p 1lt Zhu? *~ Zhongwai xinbao r:p j}~~ Ziye-=f~ Zhongwai zazhi r:p7'i4fEU Zizheng xinpian iii&iT. Zhong-Xijishi r:pg:~Uc.~ Zizhi tongjian j{~Ji" Zhongxing wei/üe r:p fi. f1!~ Zoku gunsho ruiju .tF~~t:E zhongxue m* Zoku Shiseki shüran .~~~. Zhongxue qianshuo (Jügaku sensetsu) Zoku zenrin kokuhä ki .~1S5~Jnc m*~IDt Zoku zenrin kokuhä gaiki Zhou mJ .~1S5~.j}~c Zhou Cuizhi mJ ~z 'Zongjiao kao' *fX:?t Zhou Hezhi mJQz Zösho mokuroku .~ § fiI;. Zhou Qiqian mJ@f~ Zötei kaigai kyätsü shiwa zhouye lun .~~ tttnmJj}3i:Ji~llI5 Zhou Yunshan mJ ~ LlJ Zötei sairan igen tttn *.~ i§ Zhou Zuoren mJ f'F A Zuguan f.H. 'Er Zhu * Zuoyin Feiren ~;rr~F A 'Zhuge Kongming bazhen tu' Zuozhuan ~f$ ~ ltfLSjj J\~ II! Zuo Zongtang ~*~ Zhuge Liang ~lt~ 'Zhuge Liang bazhen tu' ~lt~J\~1I! Zhuge Xiu ~lt.

279 Index

Abe Ise no Kami 24 Arima Chümu no shösukeTadayori 150 Abe Masahiro 24, 48 Aristotle 57 Abe Tsushima no kami 160 Arrow Ineident 43, 46 Adam 54, 55 Asaka Gonsai 5 1 'Afeilijia zhi' 18 Asakawa Dösai 81-83 'Ahen en ryüdoku, fuku Kö Shakushi jösho Asakawa Zen'an (Kanae) 83, 187 ji' 77 Asakusa bunko 176, 194 Ahen füsetsugaki 38-40, 42, 51 Asano 223 Ahen ibun 19, 29, 38, 235 note 2 Asö Tomotoshi 192 Ahen shimatsu 35, 50-52, 54, 57-63, 69-75 Atai 74 Aikokusha 212 Atobe Yamashiro no kami 123 Aikoku shinbun 217 Ayusawa Shintarö 18 Airulüe 17 Aizawa Seishisai 30, 50 Babylonia 55, 57 Akashi Kiehigorö 78-80 Baien nikki 181 Akishino Teruashi 122 Baigai sensei nenpu 207 Akitsuki Taneki 47 Baiseisho 220 Akutagawa Kan 194 Baiseisho eishi 222, 226, 227 Aleni, Giulio 17-18 Bakufu suibö ron 36 Alexander the Great 57 Bakumatsu gaikoku kankei monjo 45, 106 'Amerika shisetsu möshitateru sho' 35 Bakumatsu lshin gaikö shiryö shüsei 45 Amerika shisetsu taiwasho 45 Bakumatsu seijika 19 Analects 226 Ban Gu 201 Anehang wang 159 bankan 70 Andes 54 Bankoku köhö reikan 2 Anotsu 171 Bankoku köM shakugi 2 Aoe juku 92 'Bankoku köhö shisö no inyü' 3 Aoe Sannin 93-95 'Bankoku köhö to Meiji lshin' 3 Aoe Shujin 94 Bankoku zushi 18 Aoki Shüzö 220, 221 Ban shi 52-56, 63, 83 Aoki Tomitarö 129 Bansho shirabesho 45, 230 note e Aoyama Daizennosuke 201 Batabiya shinbun 12, 13 Arai Hakuseki 54, 56 Batavia (Jakarta) 39, 40 Arai Köri 8 'Batsu Isabo yugen' 20 Arai Shögo 216 'Beijing cheng' 200

280 Index 'Beilu' 168 Chen Shiqing 204 'Bei Zhili tu' 200 Chen Shiyi 202 'Bekka setchi no jijö' 206 Chen Shouqi 194 Benoist, Michael 84 Chen Yuanyun (Yuanbin) 202 betsudan füsetsugaki 40, 41 Chen Yucheng 144 Biaozhong chongyiji (Hyochii siigi shii) 57 Chen Zheyong 193 Bichii no kam i (Hotta Masayoshi) 45 Chigaku seiso 84 Biming yinde 202 Chigo shinbun 211 'Bingbu' 169 Chikamatsu Monzaemon 114, 187, 188 Bingo 48 'Chikan keimo to Yasokyo' 15 Bluntschli, Johann Kaspar 3 Chikudo bunsho 51, 52 'Böbyö hen' 85 Chikudo Saito kun nenpu 51 Bohu tong 201 Chikudo shisho 52, 56-58 Bokai yoron 65 'Chin'en shi iwaku' 65, 68 Bokuteisha 92 Chinggis Khan 118 Bokutei Yukimaro 188 Chingisu Han wa Minamoto no Yoshitsune Bomai 69 nari 118 Böshii 87, 124 Choen 83 Bönotsu 171-173, 177, 178 Chönen 123 Bösö 79 Chouban yiwu shimo 36, 70 Bowu xinbian 6, 7, 13, 17 'Chouhai pian' 24, 31 Boxer Uprising 221 Chouhai tubian 175, 179, 180, 249 note k 'Bö YOshi' 52 Cho Üiyön 222 Bremer, 69, 70, 82 Ch6ya shinbun 13 'Buji yoki (gibu gohen)' 84, 85 Christ 55 'Buji yoki (heisei heishö)' 84 Chiigai shinbun 12 'Buji yoki (jikö, zatsujutsu)' 84 Chiigoku bungaku geppo vii, 'Buji yoki (shöko, köshö)' 84 Chiigoku bungaku kenkyiikai vii Bukka yoron 63 Chiigoku bungaku shi kenkyii, bungaku Bulun 3 kakumei to zen ya no hitobito I Bunmei genryii sosho 5 Chiigoku nichinichi shinbun 211, 212 Bunshi 173 'Chiikai hen 0 yomu' 31 Bunyabushi 188 Chiikai shigi 19, 30 Butoku hennen shiisei 190 Chun 71 Butoku taisei ki 190 Chunqiu Zuoshi zhuan 11 Chiio shidan 116 Cain 55 Chiisai 117 Cai Shanji 190, 192 Chuyaun Tuisou 135, 138 'Caomu zonglun' 18 Ciqi 62 'Cao zhong' 113, 114 'Cixing Chenggong shiji ji Ming Zheng Changqi wang 161 yidai youguan shishi nianbiao' 204 Chaobao suiwen lu 140 Cixing shimo 192 'Chaoxian kao' 178 Cobden, Richard 43 Chen Dong 168, 175, 179-181 Colton 18 Chen Hao 184 Co1umbus 57 Chen Hewu 182 Copernicus 63 Chen Huacheng 49,57,61, 70, 73 Coyett, Frederick 204 Chenhu Yishi 151 Creator 54 Chen Kej ia 184 Cui Shiyuan 9 Chen Lin 186 Cui Zhi 148, 152, 157, 158, 160, 166, 168, Chen Lunjiong 30 169, 175 Chen Mouheng 168 Curtius, Donker 43, 45, 46

281 Japan and China Dai Ajia 116 Dunbi suiwen lu 135-140 Dai Ajia kensetsusha 116 'Dunbi suiwen lu ba' 138 Daidöji 224 'Duojiashagu dao tu' 199,200 daigaku no kami 80 Du shi jizhu 201 Dai Nihon komonjo 106 Du Wen1an 128, 132 Dai Nihon shögyö shi 187 Dai Ro Jin zenshü vii Eaman, George H. 221 'Dai Shin gensui Go Jin'yu' 109 Echizen Jiyütö 212 'Dai Shin kanshin Nei Bukyoku' 109 Eden 54 Daishuxue 17, 21 Edo jidai ni okeru Tösen mochiwatari sho Dai Tö A sho viii no Kenkyü 24 Dai wei ji shiji 17 Egawa Tarözaemon 123-125,245 note 8 Daiyüin tono ojikki 148, 150 Eihitsu (Yamamoto) 227 Dang kou ji 84 Eikadö 83 Daoguang 24, 31, 46, 49, 74 'Eikoku taigunsen zu' 77 'Daoguang yangsao zhengfuji' 32, 34-37, Ei-Shin ahen sen shi 72, 240-241 note 1 237 note 4 'Eishö jüsö zu' 77 Daoshang /uzhuan 194 Elementary History 0/ the United States 208 Da Qing 198 Elements 0/ International Law 2, 3 'Da Qing shouming zhi bao' 109 Elliot, Vice-Commander 74 Das moderne Völkerrecht als Rechtsbuch, 3 'Enkai zu' 83 Date Tötömi ni kami Hidemune 150 Enka manroku 222 'Dattan no yüshö Tei Kinko' 109 Enzan sosui kiyü 218, 221 Dattan shöhai ki 92-94 'Erehen zhuan' 190 datong (Datong) 142,220, 253 note n Etö Shinpei 223 'Datong xuexiao kaixiao ji' 220 Etsuhi Tairyaku 105 'Dayang qundao zhi' 18 Euclid 8 Da Yingguo shi 17, 21 Euphrates 54 'Dayuan cheng tu' 200 Eve 54 Deng Siyu 130 'Ezo chikushi' 56 Deng Yuhan 230 note 5 Den'in 8 Fangshi 113, 114 Den'yö 8 Fang Xiaoru 222 Deshima, 38--40 Fan Liande 105 Dili quanzhi 17-21 Fan Wenhu 90 Ding Lüjin 204 Feihong 189, 190 Ding Wei1iang 2 Feihuang 189, 190 Diqiu shuolüe 17 'Feihuang shimo' 189 Diqiu tu shuo 84 Feng Jingdi 151, 152, 154, 159, 162-166 Diqiu yi xingxing lun 6 Feng Jingru 220 'Dishi lun' (Topography) 18 Feng shilang yishu 164 'Dishi lun' (Historical Geography) 19 Fengsu tongyi 201 'Diwen zonglun' 19 Feng Taoshan 127 'Dizhi lun' 18 'Fengtu' 168 Dong Huaniang 113, 114 Feng Youlan 25 Dongnan jishi (Accounts of the Southeast) Feng Yunshan 103, 105, 117, 126-128, 152 131, 132, 141, 144 Dongnan jishi (Records of the Southeast) 'Feng Wang liang shilang mulu' 154 152 Feng Ziyou 202, 220 Dong Xun 8 First Book in English Grammar 208 Dong- Ya shi yi 221 Fu 62, 111 Dongyue rulin hou;;huan 194, 195 Fuhai ji 163-165

282 Index 'Fujian sheng tu' 200 Gotö Shöjirö 213 'Fujian sheng Zheng Zhilong xitu' 200 Graduated Reading I I Fujian tongzhi 168 Greece 55 Fujimori Tenzan (Köan) 234 note 1 'Guanglun' 18 Fujita bunko mokuroku 139 'Guangdong sheng tu' 200 Fujita Töko 124, 125 'Guangxi sheng tu' 200 Fujita Toyohachi (Kenpö) 139, 218 Guangzhou 43, 44, 46 Fujiwara Ietaka 192 Guanwen 128 Fujiwara Nangaku 222 Guan Zhong 63 Fiiko Gyocho Mineta shun shöden 79 'Guizhou tu' 200 Fiiko ibun 78 'Gujin mingjiang' 189 'Fükö Mineta ö juhimei' 78 'Guncho hen' 85 Fukuda Izumi 7 'Gunsei hen' 85 Fukuchi Öchi (Gen'ichirö) 19,36,38 Guochao dianhui 169 Fukui 15 'Guochao fusui Xizang ji' 84 'Fulu Aomen yuebao' 84 Guochao xianzheng lu 180, 181 Funyö Shigeuemon 178 Guo Guoan (Lixin) 177-180, 182 Furansll buten 13 Guo Moruo vii füsetsugaki 38-41, 50, 61, 68, 101, 106 Guo Tingyi 130 Fuying xinshllo 4, 6, 17 guoxing (national name) 188 Guoxingye 184, 188 Gaihö taihei ki 92, 109, 111 Guweitang neiji 25 Gaii chinsetsu zakki 45 Gu Yingtai 184, 189 Gaiken 29 'Gaikoku' 183 Hachimojiya Jishö 188 'Gaikoku den (Min jö)' 180 Haidong yishi 152 Gakushikai 88 Haiguo tuzhi 19,23-28,30-33,37,69 Gan Hui 114, 115, 146, 188,243 note I Haiguo wenjian lu 29 Gan Zhao 113-115 Hai lu 84 GaoQi 157 Hakatanotsu 171 Gao You 201 hakkö ichiu 66 Geertun 18 Hakkö shorin 19 Ge Gongzhen 20 Hakkö tsiishi 18 Geming yishi 220 Hakodate igakujo 4 'Geming zhi' 204 Hakubutsu shinpen yakkai 7 Genji seisui ki 76 hakurai shoseki 16 Genkaimaru 2 I 8 Hakuryü 120 Gen Min Shin shilJ!akli 132, 134, 136 Hamada Yahee 187 Genna shösetsll 147 Hamano Tomosaburö 52 Geometry 8 Hamberg, Theodore 129, 120 Geschichte der Insel Formosa 203 Han Hui 115 GewlI qiongli wenda 17 Hanjöken shujin 92, 109 Gewu rumen 8, 14 Hankyö 50 Gewll tanyuan 9 Hankyö kenbunroku 47 gimu 3 Han Shanwen 129 Gi shi no sho 27 Hantarö (Yamamoto) 227 Gladstone, William 43 Han wen 201 Godai Saisuke (Tomoatsu) 2 I Hara Nensai 236 note b Gokyü Hisabumi (Sessö) 78 Harimaya Shögorö 56 Gongfa huitong 3 Harris, Townsend 19, 23, 35, 36, 44, 45, Goröbee 118,121-123 234 note I Gotö 171 Hashimoto Keigaku zenshii 20

283 Japan and China Hashimoto Sanai 13, 20, 21 Hong Renfa 130, 144 Hayakawa Kötarö 124 Hong Ren'gan 129 Hayama Sanai 28, 29 Hong Wu10ng 92, 93, 109, 110 Hayama Takayuki (Gaiken) 187 Hong Xiuquan 91, 97, 99 101-105, 107, Hayano Kei 73 110, 117, 118, 127-136, 138, 141-144, Hayashi Akira 80 165,247 note 3 Hayashi Döshun (Razan) 147 Honkoku chikan keimö 11 Hayashi Fukusai 40, 80, 148 Honma 224 Hayashi Nobuatsu (Hökö) 147 Hori Iga no kami 123 Hayashi Shihei 58 Horio Mosuke 224 Hayashi Shunsai 40, 176 Hoshi Töru 217 Hayashi Shunshö (Shunsai) 158, 160 Hosokawa Higo no kami Mitsunao 150 Heaven and Earth Soeiety 95 'Hosotsu gunsö sokumen' 77 He Changling 25 'Hosotsu gunsö zenmen' 77 He Guiqing 140 Hotei shujin 5 Heikei 50 Hotta Masayoshi 20, 35, 36, 44-46 'Henan sheng tu' 200 Hou Jigao 180 'Henshin no rekishi dorama' 118 Houshi1e 7 Hepburn, James Curtis 232 note 3 Hou Wai1u 25 He Qiaoyuan 183 Huaeun kanxing shizhe 189 Hersehel, John F. W. 7 Huainan honglie jie 201 He Shaoji 139 Huang Binqing 151, 156-159, 162-166 Hel Verwaardloosd' Formosa 204 Huangchao jingshi wenbian 25, 29 Hexin 3 Huang Cheng 203 Hezha congtan 197 Huang Dianquan 204 Hibino Teruhiro 136, 137 'Huangdi zunqin zhi bao' 109 Higashi Seijun (Takusha) 202 Huanghuaguan 156 Higuehi Tatarö 91 Huang Juewen 60, 61 Hikka shi 77, 78, 85 Huang Juezi 61, 77 Hine Oribemasa 161, 162 'H uang Ming dixi' 199 Hirado 191 Huang Ming jishi benmo 199 Hirado böeki shi 187 Huang Ming zhiJang ditu 17 Hirado Ikkan 198 Huang Quan 96 Hirado Röikkan 191 Huang Xianehen 189 Hiratsuka 224 Huang Xiaoqing 151, 152, 159, 162, 163, Hirayama Kenjirö 107 166 Hirayama Shü 220 Huang Zhengming 160-162 Hirose 15 Huang Zonghan 139 Hirose Motoyasu 23 1 note 1 Huang Zongxi (Lizhou) 151-154, 160, 193 Hiseki 202 Huang Zunxian 170 Hitotsubashi gakumonjo 7 Huaqi 16 Hobson, Benjamin 3-6 Hu gong Zongxian jiao Xu Hai benmo 180, H6chi shinbun 233 note 5 181 H6ka shuchi 83 'Huguang sheng tu' 200 H6k6 gikai 63 Huidun 2 Hokuehö 223 Hundred Days Refonn Movement 219 Hokuriku jiyu shinbun 212 Huoxing 1un 6 Honda Tamesuke 125 Hu Yiguang (huang) 105 Hong Deyuan 134-136, 138 Hu Zongxian 175, 180, 181, 249 note k Hongmaofan Yingjili kaolüe 84 Hyakka setsurin 244 note g Hong Quanzhong 101 Hyakka zuihitsu 192 Hong Renda 130, 144 'Hyö Shinkoku kakumei' 225

284 Index 'Hyö Töbu höchü' 223 'I wayuru Chöhatsuzoku no shinsö' 1 16 'Hyö tösö' 223 Izumida Jirö 219 'Hyö Yasukyö' 223 Jagarata no kashirayaku no mono kara Iba Kashö 189 moshitsukete kita kara 40 'Ichimei haiya no hanashi' 89 Jiajing dongnan pingwo tonglu 169 'Ichimei Tödo haiya no hanashi' 89 Jiang Min shilüe 194 'Igirisu kokki ryaku' 76 Jiang Risheng (Dongxu) 193, 203 Igirisu nichiyo tsügo 13 Jiang Shixing 22 Iguchi Toraji 116 'Jianguo ji' 152 Ihi hankyo bunkenroku 46, 47 'Jiangxi sheng tu' 200 Ihi hankyo kenbunroku 46, 47 Jiang Youren 84 Ihi hankyoroku 47, 76 Jian Youwen (Jen Yu-wen) 96, 129-130, Iida Tadahiko 180 143 li Kamonnosuke Naotaka 158 Jiao Hong 180 Ii Naosuke 20 Jiao Xun 84 Ii Naotake 147 'Jiaqing dongnan jinghai ji' 84 Imaizumi Mine 12 Jieqi ting ji 154 imashime no kagami 236 note 2 Jieyu hui lu 140 Ima Watonai Todo bune 189 Jihe yuanben 8, 17 Imazeki Tenpö 81, 202 Jijitsu bunpen 77 Inaba Kunzan (Iwakichi) 149 Ji Kan 219 Inagaki Magohee (Kigai) 197, 202, 203 Ji Luqi 114 Indus 54 'Jinbao Wojing' 178, 180, 182 Inoue Kiyonao (Shinano no kami) 45 Jingchu suishiji 115 Inoue Misao 217 Jingguo xionglüe 199 Inoue Tetsujirö 117, 118 Jingji 181 Inö Yoshinori 203 Jingshi daxuetang 2 Inukai Ki 220 Jingshi wenbian 76 In 'yü roku 29 Jingtuo yishi 151 Irisawa Tatsukichi 197 Jinling guijia zhitan 138 Ise Saisuke 51, 56 'Jinling jinshi' 13 Ishibashi Jojürö 40 Jinpingmei 14 Ishida Gyokusan 188 Jin Shengtan 99 Ishida Mitsunari 222, 223 Jin Shengwu 177 Ishihara Michihiro 203 Jinxing 1un 6 Ishii Kendö 72 Jin Xueceng 177 Ishimura Teiichi 131, 134 'Jinyao' 171-172, 181 Ishin shiryo koyo 45, 86 'Jiu bian tu' 200 Ishizaki Tögoku 116, 119, 121-124, Jiujing 156 126-127, 129, 132-133, 140-141, Jiyutö 212-214, 218, 228 144-145 Jiyiito shi 215 IsM Nihon den 179, 181 Ji Zhou 185 Isoyama Seibee 214-216 'Jöiron to kaikokuron' 3 Itagaki Taisuke 213, 215, 228 'Jöshu hen' 85 Itakura Shigemune 149 Judea 54 Itazawa Takeo 40 'Ju-Qing pian' 204 Itö Yukimiki 138 Jiisen kidan 83 Itsuzon shomoku 47 Iwase bunko tosho mokuroku 50, 135, 139 Kaei Meiji nenkan roku 35, 97 Iwase Higo no kam i (Tadanori) 19, 20, 45, Kageyama Eiko 216 106 Kaibo shigi 82

285 Japan and China Kaibö shigi hai 82 Kasai Sukeji 46, 47 Kaibö shiryä säsha 82 Kashiwabara Buntarö 220 Kaigai iden 187 Kataoka Kenkichi 228 Ka iga i jitsuroku 74-75, 77 Katayama Kenzan 83 Kaigai shinwa 50, 72, 74-80, 83, 88 Katö 185 Kaigai shinwa shüi 73-75, 77 Katö Kiyomasa 222-223 Kaigai yowa 74, 75 Katsu Kaishü 28, 35, 60 'Kaiguo qian haineiwai geming shubao Katsuragawa Hoshü 12-14 yilan' 202 Katsura Isoo (Koson) 46 Kaihan shishin 7 Kawaguchi Chöju 148, 187, 190,203 Ka-i hentai 40, 148, 151, 153, 155, Kawaji Toshiakira 44,45, 106, 123 157-158, 160--163,189-191,202 Kawashima Genjirö 172-174 Kaikoku kigen 35, 60 Keichä shäsetsu 147 Kaikoku kigen Ansei kiji 35, 46 Keigaku shibun shü 20 Kaikoku taisei shi 35 Keimä chie no tamaki 14, 15 Kairiku senbö roku 59-61, 63-65, 69, 240 Keisei bunpen shä 29 note 4 Keisei Kokusen ya 188 Kaiseijo 6, 12, 229 note c Keizai yäroku 62 Kaiseikan 207 Kenkadö zösho in 194 Kaishintö 212, 218 kenri 3 Kaizä vii Ken shuroku 206 Kajima Nobushige 219 kibyöshi 189 Kakken bosu 208 kikagaku (jihexue) 231 note 1, note 2 Kakka ron 19 'Kikka röshin rokurokubu shü' 16 Kakubutsu nyümon wage 14 Kikka senkaku 16 Kakumei 54 Kim Ok-kyun 213 Kakuyama Rikichirö 217 Kimura Kaishü 35, 46 Kamon 168, 174 Kimura Kenkadö (Kökyö) 115, 193-196 Kanagawa yüki 106-107 Kimura Junyü 8 Kanamori Shintoku 87 Kimura Nagato no kam i 208 kanbun 55-56, 60-62,71-72,79,94,102, Kimura Shigenari 208 106,109, 136,147,190,202,230 note 4 Kindai meika chojutsu mokuroku 201 Kanda Mitsuru 51 Kindai Shina no gakugei 81 Kan'ei 119-122, 172 Kinki Jiyütö 212 Kan 'ei shäsetsu 146-149, 162 Ki no Kaion 188 Kangakusha 52, 70, 72 Kinryü Döjin 194 Kang Changsu 219 Kinsei hankä ni okeru shuppansho no Kang Guangren 219 kenkyü 46, 47 Kang Mengqing 219-220 Kinsei Kangakusha denki chosaku daijiten Kang Tongwen 219 78,201 Kang Youwei 220--221, 225 Kinsei meika bunshä 206 'Kangxi Qianlong Eluosi mengpin ji' 84 'Kinsei Shina yori Ishin zengo no Nihon ni Kano Sötoku 124 oyobashitaru shoshu no eikyö' 2 Kanpaku 180 'Kinsho' 17 'Kanpötei kökyü Ryü Ki' 109 Kinshöjo 114 Kan Rakushi 189 Kinshu 58 Kansai daigaku shichijü nen shi 206 Kirishitan 140 Kanseki kaidai 46, 47 Kirishitan kyä jahäsha keizaisei sho 141 Kanshi enryaku 71-72 Kiseki 188 Kanton nikki 42 Kishida Ginkö 3 'Karinsen zu' 83 Kitani Högin 188-189 Kasai Shigesuke 170 Kita Shingen (Seiro) 181

286 Index Kiuemon 173-174 Kure Shüzö 83 Kiyö ki 126 Kurimoto Joun 233 note 5, 234 note 9 Kiyomasa 185, 186 Kurosawa Magoshirö 14 Kö-A in viii Kusunoki (no) Masashige 187,222 Kobayashi Eichi 221 Kyögen 188 Kobayashi Kuzuo 211-216 Kyögoku Tango no kami Takahiro 150 Köda Shigetomo 116-120, 141 Kyöhö igo Ösaka shuppan shoseki Ködö 66 mokuroku 138 Koga Döan 234 note 1 'Kyöshi sözu' 109 Kögai yükoku ron 209 Kyüshü Jiyütö 212 Kögaku sösho 181 Kögyokujuku 15 Lai Xiangyun 204 Koike YOjirö 13 Lamech 55 'Köin Rondon hyöban ki 0 yomu' 30 'Lao Wanshan yu Zhu Jiutao kao' 134 Köjien 66 Legge, James 11 Kojima Koretaka 217 Lianhang zhi lüe 17, 21 Kojö Teikichi 217 Liangchao pingrang tu 176, 178, 184-186 Kokkai kisei dömeikai 212 Liang Fa (Liang Afa) 129, 131 Kokubo Kishichi 228 Liang Qichao (Rengong) 1,7,25, 154, Kokusen 'ya 184, 188 218-222, 225 Kokusen :va chügi den 188 Liang Tingnan 36 Kokllsen :va gonichi no kassen 188 Liao Hanchen 204 Kokll5'en :va gozen gllndan 188 Liaozhai zhiyi viii Kokllsen :va hanjö 189 Li Boyu 92-93, 109-1 \0 Kokusen :va kassen 114, 187-189 'Lidai bingshi' 96 Kokusen 'ya kassen (by Bokutei Yukimaru) Li Guanghu 9 188 Liji 11 Kokusen ya kassen (picture book) 189 Li Jun 222 Kokusen :va Minchö taiheiki 188 Lin Gao 148, 157-159, 166,248 note 1 Kokusen :va tegara nikki 188 Ling Dizhi 201 Kokwien :va yamato hanashi 189 Ling Shihong 165 Koku shi 190 Lingxue zuanxiu 156 Kokllsho kaidai 74 'Linjiao zhi' 170 Komatsu Chünagon Toshitsune 150 Lin Shidui 197 Kondö Seizai 17 Lin Xiongxiang 204 Kondö Shigezö 157 Lin Xu 219 Kondö tairon 65 Lin Yuewu 157-159 Konishi 179, 185 Lin Zexu 17, 32, 33, 39, 60, 74, 76, 222 Konishi Yukinaga 179 Li Shan1an 7-9, 21 Köno Michiyuki 131 Lishi gangjian bu 201 Kon :l'Ö zllshiki 18 Li Tengyue 197, 203 Kösho koji 17 Liu Guobiao 57 Kö Shüzen no gensö 129 Lillhe congtan 13, 17, 20 'Kouzong fenhe shimo tupu' 175 Liu Ji (Bowen) 198 Koxinga 111, 114, 133, 146-148, 161, 184, Liu Lichuan 95, 99 188-189,201 Liu Mingchuan 145 Kretschmer, Ernst 197 Liu Tianchong \09 Kubö Rakoku 222 Liu wen 201 Kumano Yo 9 Liu Yizheng 169 Kumazawa Zen 'an 14 Liu Yuanlin 184 Kunyu wanguo qllantll 17 Li Xiucheng 138, 144 'Kuoerke fuji' 84 lixue (rikigaku) 8, 231 note I

287 Japan and China Liyage 11 Matou 49 Li Zhizao 17, 231 note 5 Matsudaira Aki no kami Mitsuage 150 'Lizhou xiansheng shendao beiwen' 154 Matsudaira Awa no kam i Tadahide 150 Lizhou yizhu huikan 151 Matsudaira Chikanao (Kawachi no kami) Li Zicheng 114, 198 44 Li Zongtong 164 Matsudaira Dewa no kam i Naomasa 150 Long Haired Bandits 98, 116, 137 Matsudaira Echigo no kami Mitsunaga 150 Longman s New Reader No. 4 208 Matsudaira Iga no kam i 147 Longwu 151, 156--157, 160-163, 165 Matsudaira Izu no kami Nobutsuna 158 167-168, 186, 188, 197 Matsudaira Nagato no kam i Hidenori 150 Long Ya 174 Matsudaira Satsuma no kami Mitsuhisa Loomis, Elias 17 150 Lu, Prince 151, 153, 160, 163-164, 166 Matsudaira Shintarö Mitsumasa 150 LüBi 199 Matsudaira Shungaku (Yoshinaga) 20, 21 Lu chunqiu 152, 165-166 Matsudaira Ukyödaifu Yorishige 150 'Lun Dong-Ya shiyi' 220 Matsuda Tarözaemon 224 'Lun Zhongguo xueshu sixiang zhi Matsueda Shigeo vii bianqian dashi' 25 Matsui Kökichi (Hakken) 72-73 Luo Ergang 130, 134, 140, 142-143 Matsushita Kenrin (SeiM) 179-181 Luo Sen 106--108 Matsuura Shijü 57 Luo Xianglin 130 Meiji jibutsu kigen 72 Luo Xiaoquan 96 Menshitanghuge 108 Luo Yawang 105 Minamoto Yoshitsune 118 Luo Zhenyu 218-219 Migndai wokou kaotüe 168 Lu Xun vii, viii, 133 Mineta Fükö 50, 72-80, 88 Mineta Fük6 78-80 MacPherson, Duncan 70, 240 note c Mineta Noritoshi 79 Maezono Söbu 115, 198-201 Mineta Ugorö 79 Makino 79, 199 Mingchao xiao shi 199 Maki Tsuneharu 116, 125 Ming ji 184-185 Malcom 208 Mingji bianwu 194 Man-Shin kiji 92, 95, 99, 102-105, Mingji nantüe 114, 196 107-108 Mingji suizhi tu 194 'Man-Shin kiji to sono hissha, waga kuni ni Ming Qing shi/iao 205 tsutaerareta 'Taihei tengoku' ni tsuite' Ming Shenzong shi/u 184-186 108 Ming Shenzong shi/u jiaokan ji 186 Man-Shin shiryaku 134 Ming shi 164, 169, 171, 181, 183-185 Mao Dun vii Ming shijishi benmo 184-185, 189, 192 Mao Guoke 173-174, 176--177, 184-185 Ming shi gao 184-185 Mao Guoqi 177-179, 184, 186 Ming shi/u 176, 184-186 Mao Kun (Lumen) 180-181 Ming tongjian 184-185 Maomei 49 Ming Yanping wang Taiwan haiguo ji 203 Mao Weibin 174 Ming yimin tu 194 Mao Yibo 204 Ming yu xingguo tu 194 Mao Yuanyi 171,186 Minmatsu gunki 112 Mao Zedong 1 'Minmatsu Shinso ni okeru Nihon no ichi' Martin, W. A. P. 2, 8, 9 149 Maruyama Masahiko 202-203 'Minmatsu no yüshin Kan Kö' 109 Marx, Kar1 43 Minogami 39 Masuda Mitsugu (Gakuyö) 70, 134 Min Shin gundan Kokusen ya chügi den Masuda Wataru vii, viii, 66, 81, 127, 132, 115 133, 140, 154, 177,220,235 note c Min Shin 16 ki 115, 193-194, 196-201

288 Index Mitsukuri Genpo 18, 80 Naitö Hida no kami 179 Mitsukuri Genpo 83 Naitö Shöhei 161-162 Mitsukuri Keigo 14 Nakae Chömin 228 Mitsukuri Shögo 18 Nakagawa Kiyohide 224 Miyatake Gaikotsu 77-78, 85 Nakajima Kurö 66 Miyazaki Raijö 202-203 Nakajirö 87 Miyazaki Torazö 20 Nakamuda Kuranosuke 21,135-137 Miyoshiya 121 Nakamuda Kuranosuke den 21, 137 Mizuno Isanori 140-141 Nakamura Keiu 47 Mizuno Tadanori (Chikugo no kami) 44 Nakamura Köya 21, 137 Mochizuki Kotarö 220 Nakamura Masanao 2 Molisong 17 Nakamura Shinshichi 198 Momijiyama gakumonjo 24 Nakane Yukie 20, 36 Mondo no suke Shigenori 149 Nakanishi Masaki 220 Mongois 55 Nakao Shinsuke 209 Möri Jösai 20 I Nakayama Kyiishirö 2, 3 Mori Keizö (Taikyö) 173 Nakayama Sakusaburö 40 Mori Naiki Nagatsugu 150 Namura Hanamichi 38 Mori Ögai 116-118, 121 'Nanbei Zhi(1i) tu' 199-200 Mori Sakutarö 217 Nanbing Wenshe 195 Morrison 124 nandaobucheng 16 Morrison, Robert 17, 131, 233 note 2 Naniwa ashi 119 Motoya Keitarö 24 Naniwa Öshio södö ki 119-121 Motoyama Zenkichi 8 Naniwa söjö kiji 124 Mozume Takami 181 Nanjiang yishi 152, 156-158, 163, 165, Muirhead, William 18, 21, 233 note a 167, 169 Mumei sannin 93, 99-100 'Nanjing cheng' 200 Murase Shii 51 Nanjuku shü 191 Mutsu 52 Nankai eh iran ki 170-171 Muweilian 18 Nankin hishi 116-117,121,125 Muxing 1un 6 Nankoku shiwa 172 Muze Köshi 56 Nanpo Bunshi öshö 173 Myöjin 227 Nanpo bunshü 173-174 Nanryü kä[uryaku 148-149 Nabeshima Shinano no kami Katsushige Nanryü kun iji 148 150 Nansui man JÜ shüi 188 Nagahara Takeshi 20, 49 Nan tian hen 156, 163 Nagai Hyiiga no kami 147 'Nan Zhili tu' 200 Nagai Kam 86-88 Napoleon 55, 57 Nagai Naomune (Genba no kami) 45 Narahara Nobumasa 220 Nagai Nogihara 87 Narushima Motonao 148 Nagamochi Köjirö 43 Narushima Ryiihoku 13 Nagaoka Könosuke 123 Nawa Nagatoshi 222 Nagasaki senmin den 20 I Neige 16 Nagasaki yawa sö 191, 194, 20 I Neike xinshuo 4, 6, 17 Nagata 15 New National Readers 208 Nagayama Nuki (Kan) 50, 56, 81-83 New Physieal Geography 208 Nagori no yume 12 New York Daily Tribune 43 Naikaku bunko 169, 176, 194, 197,200 'Niehen zhuan' 190 Naikaku bunko tosho dainibu Kansho Nihon gaishi 224-225 mokuroku 47 Nihon köra 191 Naitö Chisö 35, 36 Nihon shinbun rekishi 13

289 Japan and China Nihon sösho mokuroku 52 Öshio Heihachirö 116-126, 132-133, Nimrod 55 140-141 Ninggudao 94 Öshio Heihachirö 117-118, 120 Nishikawa loken 194 Öshio Heihachirö den 119, 121 Nishiki Bunryii 188 'Öshio Heihachirö ron' 116, 125 Nishikitani röjin 16 Öshio söran kikigaki 1 19 Nishimura laken 201 Ötomo Yoshishige 169-170 Nis-Shin kyöwakai 219 Oto Shigeru 14 Noah 55, 57 Ötsuki Fumihiko 14 Nongxue bao 218 Öuchi Yoshitaka 170 North China Herald 96 'Ou1uoba zhi' 18 Nötomi Kaijirö 22 Owari 160 Numazu 15 Oyabe Zen 'ichirö 118 Ozawa Saburö 7, 15 Öba Osamu ix, 24, 30 Öbun 82 Pao kao 84 Ochiguri monogatari 192 Paradise 141 Ogawa Gihei 138 Perry, Matthew 23, 28, 31, 80, 91, 102, Ogura Hidenuki 149 106, 110 Ogura Naofusa 119 Persia 55 Öi Kentarö 206, 214--216 Peter the Great 57 Okahashi Kiyoshi 216 Pingding Yuefeijilüe 128-129, 131-132, Ökubo Toshiaki 56, 63 134-136 Ökubo Toshimiehi 222 'Pingyi xianee' 49 Okuda Mototsugu 56 Popu1ar Rights Movement 209-211, 213 Ökuma Shigenobu 3, 35, 220 Putiatin, E. V. 23 Okuno Masatsuna 9 Ökura Nagatsune 124, 126 Qian Bingdeng 164 Okurigana 48 'Qian1ong zhengfu Annan ji' 84 Ömori Hiroya 7 'Qian1ong zheng Miandian ji' 84 Ono Kozan 56, 79, 80 Qian Shaofeng 182 Ono Harunaga 223 Qiliguang 191 Önuma Chinzan 56, 80, 83 Qiling ji 153 Opium War 1, 19,23,29,34--38,40,42, 'Qi 1un' 18 43, 46, 47, 49-52, 57-58, 60, 63-67, Qi Min tu 203 69-70, 74-75, 77, 79, 81, 85, 89, 93, Qingchao shiliao 68 103, 112-113, 132,236 note 2 Qingchao yeshi daguan 68 'Oranda ehikushi' 56 Qingdai jinshu zhijian tu 194 'Oranda fiisetsugaki no kenkyü' 40 Qing shi gao 24, 197 'Oranda fiisetsugaki no kenkyu, Oranda Qing shi Hong Xiuquan zaiji 130 fiisetsugaki no kaidai' 40 Qing shi liezhuan 24, 190 Oranda iji mondö 5 Qing su jiwen 115 'Oranda koku bu' 40 Qing wuji 76 Ösaka Ineident 214-217 Qingyi bao 219-221 Ösaka no goku 215 'Qionghe huahai' 168, 174 Ösaka Öshio Heihachirö bankiroku 116 Qishan 58, 70-71 Ösaka shinpö 209 Qiu Changdao 134 Ösaka shi shi 116 Quanshi liangyan 129-130 Osa Sanshu 14 'Quanshi 1iangyan yu Taiping tianguo Osatake Takeki 3, 12-14, 16 geming zhi guanxi' 130 Öshio den 140 Quanti xinlun 4, 17 Öshio gyakubö jikki jo 119 Quan Zhe hingzhi kao 178, 180, 182

290 Index Quan Zuwang (Xieshan) 154 Saikin Shina shi 131, 134, 136 'Quhe pian' 204 Saint Mary 55 Qu Yuan 57 Sairan igen 56 Saitö Chikudö 35, 50-58, 63, 70-72, 83 Raimon 1 19-122 Saitö Daizaburö 51 Rai Sanyö 224 Saitö Kaoru (Shitoku) 50, 72 Rangaku daido hen 63 Saitö Setsudö (Masanori) 50-52, 187 Red Turbaned Bandits 98 Saitö Yakurö 124-125 Reich, T.H. 208 Sakamoto Ryöma 3 Ren (Yamamoto) 227 Sakaya Yutaka 52-53 'Renlei zonglun' 18 sakoku 35, 37, 40 Ren Ruitu 11 Sakoku jidai Nihonjin no kaigai chishiki: Rihen guo zhi 170 sekai chiri, Seiyo shi ni kansuru bunken 'Riben kao' 171 kaidai 56, 63 Riben qishiji 151-154,156-160,162-167, Sakuma 147 169, 186 Sakuma Kakujirö 28 Riben riji 106-108 Sakuma Morimasa 224 'Riben rukou tu' 171 Sakuma Shözan 25-28, 50 Riben tuzuan 171 Sakumu kiji 20, 36 Riben wendian 221 Samura Hachirö 74 Ricci, Matteo 8, 17, 230 note 5 Sanada Kökan 26 Riess, Ludwig 203 Sandianhui 245 note 6 Riben yijian 168, 169, 171, 174 San'gan 222 Rikken seitö 212-213 Sanhai 61 Rikken seito shinbun 213 Sanjü nen shi 35, 46 Rikugo sodan 13 santo kamae 75, 78-79 Risshisha 212 Sanyo iko 206 Roberts, Issachar 1. 96, 141 Satö Chin'en 60-61 Ro Jin annai 229 note e Satö Haruo vii Ro Jin no insho viii Satö Issai 29, 80 Ro Jin no kotoha 229 note e Saro Jssai to sono monjin 78 Ro Jin senshü vii Satö Motokura 124 Röjü 44 Satö Nobuhiro 59-60, 62-67, 83 Rome 55 Saro Nobuhiro bugaku shü, Nihon bugaku Römon 188 raikei 64 Rong Mengyuan 36 Saro Nohuhiro kagaku zenshü 64-65 Rongo shiken 225, 226 Saro Nobuhiro no shiso 66 Rongo shiko 225 Sato Nobuhiro shü 66 Rösökan 4,6 Satö Sozai (Bokuzan) 70, 72, 131 Ruan Jin 153, 159, 164-165 Satö Yüzai 62 Ruan Mei 153, 159, 164-165 Satsuma 156,158-159,167-169,171, Ruan Yuan 84 173-180, 182, 187 'Ru Mian lucheng' 84 Satsuma Rebellion 212 'Ryögun waboku, fuku wayakujömoku' 77 Sawa Ginjirö 18 Ryühaku 179 Second Opium War 43, 46 Ryühoku iko 232 note 2 Seibu ki furoku 28-29, 84-85 'Ryükyü chikushi' 56 'Seibu ki jo' 84 Ryükyü Is1ands 171-173 Seibu ki saiyo 85-88 Ryükyü shiryaku 191 Seihanyashi 173-174,176,178-179, 184 Sach'ön 174, 179, 185-186,249 notej Seiji hanron 221 Saigö Takamori 26,209, 222 Seiju 169

291 Japan and China Seikadö bunko Kanseki bunrui mokuroku Shibukawa Chüjirö 217 47 Shichizaemon (Zheng) 161, 192 Sei-Kan roku 173-174, 176-179, 184 Shi Dakai 143-144 Seiken roku 26-28, 235 note g Shidansö 116 'Seiken yüshiki' 51 Shi Daogang 237 note 4 Seinan War 209 Shidökan 208 Seinokan 48 Shigakkai zasshi 149 Seiyö gakka yakujutsu mokuroku 5 Shigeo Seisai 9 Seiyö rekkoku shiryaku 63, 83 Shigeno Yasutsugu 2 Seiyö shöshi 56, 83 Shi ji 207 Seiyö zakki 56, 63 Shijing 11 Seiyö zasshi 12 Shi Jun 25 Seiyü nikki 28 Shimabara Eiji 172 Seki Giichirö 78, 201 Shimabara Kammonosuke 172-174 Sekiyörö 85 Shimabara Kiuemon 173-174, 176-177, Sekiyörö mujindokoro 85 184 Seki Yoshinao 78, 201 Shimai Kiyomitsu 189 Senjuin 216 Shimazu 186 'Sensei fushi jifun setsu' 119 Shimazu Hisamitsu 176 Senshindö sakki 117 Shimazu Hisatoshi 173, 176 senshö 58 Shimazu Narioki 180 Senshü 222 Shimazu shi keifu ryaku 180 Senshü Iwase 19 Shimazu shiryö shü 176 Sentetsu södan 29 Shimazu Yoshihiro 173-174, 176-177, Sentetsu södan zokuhen 181, 201 179-180, 186 Senzaimaru 21, 135-136, 138 Shimazu Yoshihisa 173, 178-180 Seruteito 55 Shimizu Ichijirö 72 'Shaanxi sheng tu' 200 Shimoda nikki 106 'Shanghai Xiaodaohui luanshi de shimo' Shina gikyoku shü 81 96 Shinai torishimari ruishü 77 Shanghai xinbao 21 Shina jinbun köwa 81 Shanghai xinwen 17 Shina koku 65 'Shang jiangjun' 161 Shina shösetsu shi vii 'Shanhai en'ryü nichiroku' 137 'Shina zairyü Yasokyö senkyöshi no Nihon 'Shanhai töko' 21 bunka ni oyoboseru eikyö' 7 Shanhai töko kiji 21 Shinbon honkoku 4 Shanhai zakki 22 Shinbunshi jitsureki 38 'Shanxi sheng tu' 200 Shinbun zasshi no söshisha Yanagawa Shao Tingcai 152 Shunsan 12 Shaozu 190-191 Shinchö jöran jüsetsugaki 91, 94, 97, 111 Shenbaoguan 34 Shinchö shiryaku 70-72, 131, 135-136 Shenbaoguan shumu 34 Shinchö zenshi 149 sheng (province) 111 Shin-Ei ahen no söran 72 Shengbao 105 'Shin-Ei kassen no koto' 93 'Shengchao (Ming) diwang kao' 200 Shin-Ei kinsei dan 59, 73, 75 Shengwu ji 23-26, 28-30, 32, 34, 35, 37, Shin-Ei sen ki 50, 81-83 50, 76, 84-87 Shinkoku Kanpö ran ki 31, 104, 107 'Shengwu zonglun' 18 Shinkoku kinsei ran shi 131 Shen Zhen 71-72 'Shinkoku ryakuzu' 76 Shenzong 173, 176-177, 184 'Shinkoku ryügakusei kaikan' 202 Shiba Kökan 63 shinko ryö Kapitan 42 Shibucha 99 Shin Min gundan 92-94

292 Index Shinonome shinbun 218 Si wen daji 162, 165, 167 Shinron 30 'Si yi' 171 Shinpan 50 Sizhou zhi 32 Shinpan jiryaku 50, 73-74, 76, 82-83 Small Sword Society 95, 97-99, 101, 104, Shinsetsu Min Shin kassen ki 92, 109, 107, 242 note 3 111-115,146 Sö 92, 93 Shinshi ranyö 70-72, 131, 134, 136 Society of God Worshippers 105, 117, Shin Tökyömaru 214 126-128, 131-\35, 142 Shin zoku ibun 93-94 Soejima Taneomi 131,223 Shionoya On vii Sökikan 213 Shionoya Töin (Seikö) 19,29,30,38,62 Sokuja manroku 50 Shi Qi 163 Sone Toshitora 131 'Shiryö sösho' 141 'Song Huang Jinwu (Xiaoqing) Feng Shiyu Shisei 224 (Jingdi) qishi Riben' 152 Shiseki shüran 141, 157, 181 Song Shu 222 Shi Shiyong 177-178 Son Jirö 179 Shitaya söwa 86, 88 Son-Ka zateki ron 63-66, 68-69 Shitensei 7 Sonkeikaku bunko 48 Shitoku 56, 79 Suganuma Teifii 187 Shiwu bao 218 Suga Tatehiko 207 Shödö 124 Sugawara no Michizane 222 Shoga kaisui 83 Sugita Genpaku 5 Shöheikö 29, 51, 52, 72 Sugita Teiichi 212 Shöheizaka gakumonjo 24, 29, 194 Sugiume Tarö 239 note 3 Shohyo viii Suimu chijin 74-75 Shöin sensei icho 27 'Suishu hen' 85 Shokuho gaiki 18 Suito hiroku 62 Shökyö 160-161 Sunagawa Yiishun 217 'Shoshii shishi, Ryohaku no chishin Shu I, Sun Yaoqing 194 nochi ni Shötökai no gunshi to naru' Sunzi 85 100 suojian suowen 85 , Shötökai daini no töryö Y5 Shiiei' 100 Suozhi tu 164 'Shötökai hanashi' 95 Su Yi 101-102 'Shötökai no chöhon So I' 100 Suzuki Shötö 87 'Shötökai sötaishö Kö Shiisen' 100 Suzunari 112 Shii Bunj izaemon 188 Shuihu zhuan 14, 99 Tachibana Sakon no shögen Tadashige 150 'Shui lun' 18 Tagawa 114, 192 Shuinsen bOeki shi 173 Tagawa Shichizaemon sojo 192 Shuixing lun 6 Taihei ki 76 Shuizhi lun 6 Taiping lizhi 137 Shujing 11, 62 Taiping Rebellion 21, 31, 89-96, 101-105, Shuo ling 189 107-108,110,116-117,119,126-131, Shuxue qimeng 17, 21, 231 note 2 134, 137, 141-146 'Sibu congkan' 154 'Taiping tianguo' 91, 139 'Sichuan sheng tu' 200 Taiping tianguo congshu shisan zhong 138 Siku quanshu zongmu tiyao 182, 189 Taiping tianguo dianzhi tongkao 143 Sima Guang 252 note e 'Taiping tianguo Hong Tianwang jiashi Siming congshu 154, 164 kaozheng' 130 Simingzhou 115 'Taiping tianguo qiyi ji' 129 Sishu daquan 20 I Taiping tianguo quanshi 130 Siwen 156, 165 Taiping tianguo shigao 130

293 Japan and China Taiping tianguo shiliao 105 Teishi enpeigan ra fuku fiisetsu 148, 202 Taiping tianguo shishi rizhi 130 Tei shOgun Seiko den 187 'Taiping tianguo yu Tiandihui guanxi de 'Tei Shun kö' 170 wenti' 134 teki (de) 14 Taiping tianguo ziliao mulu 139 Tenchii ki 63 Taiping zhaoshu 137 Tenjinmaru 172 Taiwan 203, 204 Tenkoro sosho 52 Taiwan lishi zhaji 204 Tenpo ran ki 120~121 Taiwan sheng tongzhi 204 Tenryilji 122 Taiwan shi 203 Tenpo nikki 244 note 4 Taiwan waiji 189, 193, 196-197, 203 Tenshosha kaiwa 16 Taiwan Teishi kiji 148,187,190-193,196, Tentei Nyorai 141 202~203 Terrenz, Jean 230 note 5 'Taixi jinshi jiyao' 13 Terusawa Shima no kami 179 Taizu zuxun 197 Tezuka Ritsu 18 Takami Inosuke 138 Tiande 11O~ III Takanabe 47 'Tiandihui qiyuan kao' 133 Takano Chöei 29 Tiandinghui 134-136, 138 Takasago 147, 199 Tianli 126 'Takasago no koto narabete Kokusen'ya Tianli yaolun 137 monogatari' 194 Tianming zhaozhi shu 137 Takasu 168 'Tianwang Hong Xiuquan zhi chushen' Takasugi Shinsaku 21, 22, 135~ 139 130 Takata Sanae 220~221 'Tianwen chandu tu' 200 Takebe Seian 5 'Tianxia zongtu' 200 Takeda Taijun vii Tianxue chuhan 17 Takekura 180 'Tianzi zhi bao' 109 Takemoto Chikugo no jö 189 Tigris 54 Takemoto Gidayü 189 To-A senkaku shishi kiden 206, 215, 217 Takemura Shörei 52 Töbun 4 Takenaka Kuniyoshi 52 Töda 52 Takeuchi Yoshimi vii, viii Toda Yamashiro no kami 79 Taki Seiichi vii Tödo 106 Takishirö 57 Tödö Izumi no kami 64 Tamada Onkichi 36 'Tödo köyo no zenzu' 109 Tamaki Bunnoshin 30 'Töetsu ken no shu Tö Jun, nochi ni Tamiya Yukiharu 217 Shötökai no gun ni kuwawaru 101 Tanabe 15, 79 Töjö Kindai (Nobuyasu) 82, 181, 20 I Tanaka Shöhee 197~ 198 Töjuen 4 Tanaka Takeo 249 note k Toki Yorimune (Tanba no kami) 45 Tang, Prince of 151 Tökoku 39 Tangren 107 'Tökoku bu' 155 Tan Sitong 219 'Toku Fushimi sen ki' 223 Tan tian 7, 17 Tokugawa Iemitsu 147~148, 158, 192 Tan wang 189, 191~192 'Tokugawa Iemitsu no Shina shinryaku no Tao Chengzhang 133 kito' 149 Tatemori Kö (Shükai) 202 Tokugawa Ieyasu 183, 208, 222~224 Tazan no ishi 84 Tokugawa shoki no kaigai boekika 173 Tei Enpei jiryaku 202 Tokugawa Yoshikatsu 87 'Teikai ken zu' 83 Tokugawa Yoshinobu 7, 148 Tei Seiko 197, 202~203 'Toku Höjö kyüsei shi' 223 Tei Seiko den 115. 202 'Toku kagaku jigen' 223

294 Index Tokunö Michiaki 172, 176 Vesalius, Andreas 231 note 5 'Toku Saden' 223 Visions oI Hung-Siu-tshuen and Origins oI 'Toku Sanyö gaishi' 223 the Kwang-si lnsurreetion 129 Tokushi zeigi 51 Tökyö Normal Schoo1 72 'Waiguo' 169 Tökyö shihan gakkö 71 'Waiguo zhuan (Chaoxian)' 185 Tomita monjo 149, 162 Waiguo zhuehi ei 56 Tomita Takahiro 149 Waiyi xiao shi 49 Tongzhi Shanghai xian zhi 95 Wakagi bunko 106 Töö 161 wakö (wokou) 168-169, 171-172, 175, Tösen hanashi ima Kokusen ~va 188 179-182, 185, 223 'Tösen ni karamaru Bönotsu no seisui' Wang Hongxu 184 172 Wang Kangnian (Rangqing) 218-219, 222 Tösö 153 Wang Kun 135, 139-140 Totsukawa 36 Wang Lipei 164 Töyama Saemon no jö 77, 79 Wang Shouyun 219 Töyama Unjo 80 Wang Shuming 202 Töyö bunko 139, 189 Wang Tao 8, 1 1 Töyö garon shüsei 81 Wanguo gangjian lu 17 Toyoda Mitsugi 140-141 Wanguo gongfa 1-3, 8 Toyotomi Hideyoshi 176, 178-180, 182, Wang Wentai 84 187, 208, 222-224 Wang Xiangrong 249 note k Tözaian Nanboku 189 Wang Xianqian 99 'Tözai honzö rokuyö' 4 Wang Yangming 117,133,140 Triads 126-127, 132-135 Wang Yi 152, 154 Tsuitöji 228 Wang Youling 219 Tsuji Zennosuke 149 Wang Zhao 220-222 Tsükö iehiran 40, 148, 150, 155, 202 Wang Zhi 168, 175, 181 Tsumagi 199 Wan Ming shiji kao 163, 190, 194 Tsutsui Kii no kami 77 Wanxing tongpu 201 Tsutsumi Asakaze 201 Washizu 1kutarö 87 Tsutsumi Seiji 189 Washizu Kan 85-88 Tsüzoku Kokusen ~va ehügi den 197 Watanabe Kazan 123-124 Tsüzoku zentai shinron 4 Watanabe Köhei 124 Turks 55 Watanabe Tokujirö 226 Twen~v-One Dynastie Histories 207 Watönai 114, 187-188 Two Years In China 70 Wayaku bankoku köhö 2 Wei Changhui 143-144 Udagawa Kaien (Genzui) 63 Wei1ianchen 9 Udai kondö hisaku 65-66 Wei1ieya1i 7 Udono Chöei 45 Wei Moshen 24, 31, 69 Ueki Emori 209 Weixin 25 Uemura Masahisa 9 Wei Yuan 19,23-28,30-33,34,36,69, 71, Ukai Nobuyuki (Sekisai) 193, 196-202 84-86 U kö shüran 62 'Wei Yuan de sixing' 25 Umeda Unpin 36 Wei Zheng 105 Unko shinbun ki 87 Wei Zheng jishi 203 Unnan shinwa 89-93 Wengzhou Laomin 152 Unsö zuihitsu 197 Wen Ruilin 152, 156, 167 'Unryösan no götö Chö Kaku, nochi ni Wen Tianxiang 222 Shötökai no gun ni kuwararu' 101 Wenxian zhuankan 203 Uryii Tora 14, 15 'Wenyuan zhuan' 181

295 Japan and China Wenzhang guifan 207, 218 Xu Fuyuan 164 Wheaton, Henry 2 Xu Guangqi 8 White Lotus 126 Xu Hai 168, 174-175, 179-181 Williamson, A1exander 9, 232 note 3 Xu Jiyu 8, 19 Wi1son, Woodrow 221 Xu Kun 84 World We Live 208 XuNai 114 Wubei zhi 171-172, 178, 181, 185-186, Xu Qin (Junmian) 220 201 Xu Weinan 96 Wu Fa 204 Xu Xueju 169 Wujing kaizong (Bukyö kaisö) 189-190 Xu Yihou 178, 180, 182-183 Wu Zhenyou 110 Xu Yu 179 'Wushi yuji' 23, 27, 34 Xu Zi 152, 156 Wu Zhong1uan 164--165 Wy1ie, A1exander 7,8,13,21,231 note 2, Yabe Suruga no kami 123 233 note a Yaezakura matsunomidori 209 Yagiumi Tajima no kami 147 Xiaer guanzhen 17, 20, 106-107 'Yaku Yösho gi' 52 Xianfeng donghua Zu 99 Yamada Kin'ichirö 2 Xianggang xinwen 13 Yamada Nagamasa 187 Xiang Yu 103 Yamada Seirin (Seizai) 119 'Xiang Yu benji' 242 note a Yamada Shunkei 219 Xiao Chaogui 105, 144 Yamaga Bansuke 30 Xiaodaohui 95 Yamagata Aritomo 221 'Xiaodaohui shouling Liu Lichuan Yamamoto Baigai viii, 206-212, 214-228 fangwen ji' 96 Yamamoto bunko tosho mokuroku 221-222 'Xiaodaohui zhanju Shanghai muji ji' 96 Yamamoto Ken 206-212, 214-228 Xiaofang huzhai yudi congchao 32 Yamamura Shöei 56, 63 'Xiaolin xiao shi' 96 Yamashiroya Sahee 19 Xiaotian jinian fukao 114, 152, 154, Yamato 36 156-158, 196-197 Yamatoya Kihee 13, 83 Xiaotian jizhuan 152, 154, 156, 164, Yamatoyo ken 111 189-190, 196 Yamazaki 36 Xiao Yishan 133 Yamazaki Ansai 201 'Xia Yu zhishui tu' 200 Yamazaki Gonhachirö 162 Xie Xie 133 Yanagawa Seigan 80 Xie Fangde 207 Yanagawa Shunsan 11-17 Xie Guozhen 163-164, 190, 194-195 Yang Bingnan 84 Xie Jiehe 138 Yang Shaotang (tang) 98 Xie Xingyao 134, 138-140 Yang Tingyun 17 Xingchao Zu 151 Yang Xiuqing 97, 99, 105, 142-144 Xing Jie 178, 186 Yang Xiurong 99, 101-102 XingJing1üe 177-178 Yang Yi 169-170 Xinmin congbao 221 Yangzijiang 61 'Xinmin shuo' 221 Yan Matai 96 Xiufeng 128 Yanping shijia 204 Xixue jicun 8 Yansekian 61 Xixue shumu biao 1, 7 Yan Siqi 191 Xiyi Züelun 4, 6, 17 Yan Zhenquan 191-192 'Xizang houji' 84 Yao Jiyun 138 'Xuanji yuheng tu' 200 Yao Weiyuan 36, 37, 70, 237 note 4 Xuanzong 71 Yapian zhanzheng shishi kao 36, 70 Xue Fucheng 140 'Yapian zhanzheng shumu jieti' 46

296 Index Yashi 180 Yüichikan 214 Yates, Matthew T. 96 Yui Shösetsu 222 'Yaxiya zhi' 18 Yukinaga 185-186 Ye Ma 181 Yume monogatari 29 Ye Shanji 190 'Yunnan sheng tu' 200 'Yibu Taiping tianguo de jinshu' 140 Yuqian 61 Yifei fanjing lu (Jhi hankyö roku) 46-51, Yu Qinsheng 139 72-75, 77, 80, 82-83 Yü-Shin goroku 21, 136-137 Yifen wen ji 36 Yu Tu'nan 166 Yi jing (journal tit1e) 96 Yu Yonghe 203 Yi jing (Classic of Changes) 126 Yu Zongxin 203 'Yikuan' 31 Yilibu 58, 65, 69-72 'Zaibu bian' 32 'Yindu jinshi' 13 Zaitian 71 Yinghuan zhi liie 17, 19 'Zei ming ji' 128 'Ying nü beiqin' 68 Zeiyürokll 137 Ying Shao 201 Zeng Guofan 8, 145 Yinyou lu 76 Zensumaruharaiso 141 'Yishou' 31 Zentai shinron }'akkai 4 Yi Tuho 222 Zha Jizuo 152 Yi Wuzi 173 Zhang Cangshui ji 153 Yi Yin 63 Zhang Huangyan (Cangshui) 152-153 'Yi zhan' 31 Zhang Jian 219 'Yochi ryakuzu' 76 Zhang Kentang 165, 167 Yögai tsüran 56 Zhang Mao 179 Yögaku benran 13 Zhang Taigu 202 Yokohama hanjö ki 16 Zhang Taiyan (Binglin) 153, 218 Yongan biji 140 Zhang Yinhuan 219 Yongli 163 Zhanwei 153, 159, 164-165 Yongzheng 1 Zhao Mu 158 Yorozuya Hyöshirö 2, 4, 6, 13 Zhapli jiyong 76 Yoshida Shöin 20, 25-34, 49,84, 104, Zhao Yuanzong 110 106-107,239 note 3 'Zhejiang sheng tu' 200 Yoshida Shöin zenshü 28 Zheng Chenggong 111, 113-115, 133, Yoshino Maho 35, 97 146-147, 150, 153-155, 161, 164, 184, Yoshiteru (Ashikaga) 170 187-188, 190, 192, 194, 196-198, 200, 'Yoshü Nojima-shi shin tai Minkoku ki' 202-204 170 'Zheng Chenggong de siyin kao' 197,204 'You Hong Xiuquan guxiang suo dedao de Zheng Chenggong shishi yanjiu 204 Taiping tianguo xin shiliao' 130 'Zheng Chenggong yanjiu cankaoshu You Ming 179 mulu' 204 You Tong 56 'Zheng Chenggong zheng-Tai shu1üe 204 Yözö kaiku ron 63 'Zheng Chenggong zhen tu' 199-200 Yuanye 110 Zheng Chenggong zhllan 115, 189-194, Yu Dafu vii 196,202 'Yudi beikao' 199-200 Zheng Damu 187 Yue{ei dalue (Etsuhi tairyaku) \05 Zheng Dayu 199 'Yuekou jilüe' 136, 138 Zheng Hongkui 164 'Yuesheng jinshi shu1üe' 13 Zheng Jing (Jinshe) 155, 190, 202 Yuexi Guilin shoucheng ji 105 Zhengj ing huangdi 161 Yügei en zuihitsu 123 Zheng Juzhong (Yizou) 115, 194-195 'Yu gong' 62 Zheng Keshuang 193

297 Japan and China Zheng Ruoceng 171, 249 note k Zhou Hezhi 156, 158, 165, 167 Zheng shi shiliao 205 Zhou Yunshan 117, 126-127, 132-133 'Zheng shi shixi ji renwu kao' 204 Zhu 90-92 Zheng Shunchen 169 'Zhuge Kongming bazhen tu' 199 Zheng Shungong 168-171 Zhuge Liang 199, 222 Zheng Tianlin 113-115 'Zhuge Liang bazhen tu' 200 Zhengxin xu 195 Zhuge Xiu 178 Zheng Zhenduo vii Zhuge Yuansheng 176 Zheng Zhihu 192 Zhu Hua 89, 93 Zheng Zhilong 114, 146, 148, 150-151, Zhu Jiutao 117, 127-128, 131-135 155, 158, 160-162, 164, 168, 186-187, 'Zhu Jiutao kao' 134 189-193, 198, 202, 204 Zhu Junwang 180 'Zheng Zhilong shoufu' 189 Zhu Tiande 89, 92-93, 05, 111 Zhifangwaiji 17,18 Zhu Yuanhua 93-94 Zhihuan qimeng 11, 13-15, 17 Zhu Yuanye 89, llO-ll1 Zhihuan qimeng shuke chubu 11 Zhu Yuanzhang 198 Zhi Weicheng 24 Zhu Wei lOl Zhiwuxue 9 Zhu Wu 113 Zhongguo baoxue shi 20 Zhuzi yulei daquan 201 Zhongguo jindai shi ziliao xuanji 36 Ziye vii Zhongguo jindai sixiang shi cankao ziliao Zizheng xinpian 137 Jianbian 25 Zizhi tongjian 207 Zhongguo jinshi bishi 108 Zoku gunsho ruiju 157 Zhongguo zaoqi qimeng sixiang shi 25 Zoku Shiseki shüran 147 Zhongguo zhexue shi ziliao xuanji. jindai Zoku zenrin kokuhö ki 157 zhi bu 25 Zoku zenrin kokuhö gaiki 157 Zhongtang 49 'Zongjiao kao' 143 Zhongwai xinbao 13, 17 Zäsho mokuroku 208 Zhongwai zazhi 13 Zätei kaigai kyätsü shiwa 149 Zhong-Xi jishi 69 Zätei sairan igen 56 Zhongxing weilüe 199 Zuguan 190 Zhongxue canshuo 17 Zuoyin Feiren 152 Zhongxue qianshuo (Jügaku sensetsu) 8 Zuozhuan 207 Zhou Cuizhi 156, 158-159, 164, 167, 179, Zuo Zongtang 145 187

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