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Evaluating Violence in Slasher Films: Similarity and Social Identification with the Final Girl

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Evaluating Violence in Slasher Films: Similarity and Social Identification with the Final Girl Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2003 Evaluating Violence in Slasher Films: Similarity and Social Identification with the Final Girl Felicia L. Sanders Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Sanders, Felicia L., "Evaluating Violence in Slasher Films: Similarity and Social Identification with the Final Girl" (2003). Master's Theses. 4199. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4199 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATING VIOLENCE IN SLASHER FILMS: SIMILARITY AND SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION WITH THE FINAL GIRL by Felicia L. Sanders A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the Requirements forthe Degree of Master of Arts Department of Communication Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2003 Copyright by Felicia L. Sanders 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge several people who have been instrumental in my development as a master's student. First I would like to thank Dr. Maria K. Lapinski, whose help, guidance and patience made my thesis work so much more enjoyable. Your friendship has been a godsend and thank you for believing in me even when I had doubts. Your help with this process was so valuable you have no idea how grateful and thankful I am to have you in my life. You never gave up on me and pushed me when I was losing faith in the project and myself. You are a true mentor and most importantly a great friend. Many thanks to Dr. Mark P. Orbe whose friendship and advice has been invaluable and without whom I would not have come to Western Michigan University. I would like to thank Dr. Steven Lipkin for your words of wisdom during my thesis process and your tough questions. Dr. Leigh A. Ford your work behind the scenes has meant more to me than you will ever know; your words of encouragement were truly inspiring. I will not forget what you have done forme and I will "Pass It Forward". Many thanks to Dr. Paul Nwulu, Dr. Steven Rhodes, Dr. Keith Hearit and Dr. Mark P. Orbe for allowing me access to their students. I would also like to thank all the students who participated in this experiment and my research assistant Doug Maslanska. Lastly I would like to thank all the professors and classmates who have been there for me the last two years. All praises to my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, for without you there is no me. My thesis is dedicated to the memory of my grandmother Selma P. Sharp and my mother Betty L. Sanders "I LOVE YOU MOM!" Felicia L. Sanders 11 EVALUATING VIOLENCE IN SLASHER FILMS: SIMILARITY AND SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION WITH THE FINAL GIRL Felicia L. Sanders, M.A. WesternMichigan University, 2003 Prior research has shown that the media can have an impact on behavior, perception, and gender roles. This study examines violence against women in slasher films through the lenses of similarity theory and social identity theory. Both theories suggest we are attracted to others who are similar to ourselves. In slasher films, the final girl is depicted as a strong character that exemplifiesmany qualities viewers may see in themselves. Thus, it was hypothesized that as viewers' perceived similarity with the final girl the more they would like her character and the film.Results suggest that viewers perceived similarity the final girl. Additionally the more viewers perceive similarity the more they liked the final girl and the more they liked the film. Researchers also examined perceived amount of violence and whether it predicts liking of the final girl and secondary femalecharacters. Results indicate the amount of violence and liking of the secondary femalecharacters were negatively correlated, however perceived amount of violence and liking of the final girl were not correlated. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................... 11 LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................. Vl CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................. ........................ 1 II. REVI EW OF LI TERATURE .................................................................... 4 The Evolution of Horror Films . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 The Effectsof Horror and Slasher Films .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. 6 The Final Girl .................................................................................... 12 Theoretical Framework .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. 14 Similarity and Social Identity .. ......... .. ........... ..... ............... ..... 14 Rationale, Hypotheses and Research Question .... ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 17 Chapter Summary .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 21 III. METHOD .................................................................................................. 22 Participants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 Recruitment Procedures..................................................................... 22 Procedures ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 Film Conditions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 Measures ........................................................................................... 27 Independent Variable.................................................................... 27 Perceived Similarity to the Final Girl.................................. 27 Perceived Amount of Violence toward Female Characters 27 111 Table of Contents-Continued CHAPTER Dependent Variables .................................................................... 27 Attitudes toward the Final Girl ........................................... 27 Film Enjoyment ....................... ... ... ... ..... ... .. ... ....... ... .... ....... 28 Attitudes towards Secondary Female Characters ............... 28 Induction and Validity Checks .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 PerceivedAmount of General Violence . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 Perceived Amount of Graphic Violence ........ ..... ................ 29 Enjoyment of Frightening Films ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ............ ..... 29 Familiarity with Film Series ........................... .................... 29 Viewing History .................................................................. 30 Demographics ...................................... ......................... ...... 30 Planned Analyses ......................................................................... 30 IV. DA TAANALYSESAN D RESULTS ............................................................ 31 Pilot .............................................................................................. 31 MeasurementAnalysis ................................................................. 33 Pilot versus Final Data . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 Tests for Researcher Effects ........................................................ 36 Induction Checks . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 Tests of Research Question and Hypotheses ............................... 39 V.DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 43 Summary of Findings ................................................................... 43 Suggestions forFuture Research . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48 Methodological Limitations.......................................................... 50 lV Table of Contents-Continued CHAPTER Conclusion ......................................................... .. ........................ 52 ENDNOTES ............................... .................... ...... ............................ .......... ............ 54 APPENDICES ....................................................................................................... 55 A. Measuring Perceived Similarity to the Final Girl ......................... 55 B. Measuring Perceived Amount of Violence Against Women ...... 57 C. Measuring Attitudes toward the Final Girl ........... ........................ 59 D. Measuring Film Enjoyment .......................................................... 61 E. Measuring Attitudes toward Secondary Female Characters......... 63 F. Measuring Perceived Amount of General Violence...................... 65 G. Measuring Perceived Amount of Graphic Violence...................... 67 H. Measuring Enjoyment of Frightening Film ..... ..... ... ..... .. .............. 69 I. Measuring Familiarity with Film Series ........................................ 72 J. Measuring Viewing History .......................................................... 74 K. Measuring Demographics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 L. Recruitment Document.................................................................. 79 M. Consent Document ... ... ..
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