Research articles NAT. NAT. HIST. B汎L. SIAM Soc. 47: 27 -fJ 2 ，1999

ANNOTATED CHECKLIST AND IDENTIFICATION KEY TO THE WHALES ，DOLPHINS ，AND PORPOISES (ORDER CETACEA) OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS

Michael Andersen and Carl Chr. Kinze 1

ABSTRACT

Based Based on a critical review on the existing literature and an examination of scientific ections ∞lI ections and specimens ， 17 species of cetaceans are confirmed for Th ailand. Twenty-seven cetaαans cetaαans are recorded or expected to occur in 百 ai waters and are listed with an identification key ，colour plates and localities. The only baleen whale so far recorded from τ'h ailand is B. edeni edeni (Sittang whale).

INTRODUCTION

Our knowledge of the whales ，dolphins ， and po 中 oises of Thailand and adjacent waters is is scarce. SUVATTI (1 950) and MENASVETA (1980) listed only three cetacean species for Thailand Thailand whilst PILLERI (1973) reported on 7 species. LEKAGUL & McN 即日 (1977) ， seemingly seemingly overlooking the work of Pi lleri ，reported on 12 nominal species ， but only 10 of these these are considered as valid (Table 1). Two species listed by these authors ， the sei whale (Balaenoptera (Balaenoptera borealis) and the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) ， were based on material belonging to yet a third species: the Bryde's or Sittang whale (Balaenoptera eden i)， erroneously regarded as a junior synonym of the minke whale or conspecific with the the sei whale (ANDERSEN & KINZE ， 1993b). YENBUTRA (1988) ， mostly following LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1977) ， changed the nameofthe ‘Malayan dolphin' from Stenella malayana to Stenella attenuata ， the pan 佐opical spotted spotted dolphin. However ，it cannot be established with certainty from LEKAGUL & Mc NEELY'S description whether Stenella attenuata or the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) longirostris) was treated. Both species have been recorded for 百lailand. PILLE 阻(1 973) provided evidence evidence provided for both species ，al ぬough provisionally assigning them to the Stenella dubia サ'O ntalis-attenz ωta group. MIY AZA 阻 (1986) gave information on specimens of both species species from the and PERR 町 ET AL. (1 989) described a dwarf form of the spinner spinner dolphin 仕om the Gulf of Th ailand. In In a prelimin 紅 y draft we reported the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) from Thailand Thailand (ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE ，1991). CHANTRAPORNSYL ET AL (1 99 1) provide information on the first Th ai record of the dwarf sperm whale (Kogia simus) from Phuket Island and adjacent adjacent waters.

Zoological IZoological Museum ，University of Copenhagen ，Universitetsparken 15 ， DK-2100 Copenhagen ，Oenmark E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]@zmuc.ku.dk Received Received 16 September 1996; accepted 19 April 1999.

27 27 28 28 MICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL CHR. KlNZE

Table Table 1. Cetaceans occurring in 百1ai waters according to earlier records.

Suvatti Suvatti Pilleri Le kagu1 & McNee1y Yenbutra Species Species 百1is paper 1950 1950 1973 1977 1988

Physeter Physeter macrocephal 附， X X X X Kogia Kogia simus X Mesoplodon Mesoplodon gingkodens X Steno Steno bredanensis xl X Sousa Sousa chinensis X x2 X Tursiops Tursiops aduncus X x3 X Delphinus Delphinus capensis x4 x4 X Stenella Stenella longirostris x5 X Stenella Stenella attenuata ~ x7 X Stenella Stenella coeruleoalba X Peponocephala Peponocephala electra X X Globicephala Globicephala macrorhynchus Expected to occur X Pseudorca Pseudorca crassidens X Orcinus Orcinus orca X Orcaella Orcaella brevirostris X X X X X Neophocaena Neophocaena phocaenoides X X X X Balaenoptera Balaenoptera edeni X X x8 x8 X

specimen 1 No specimen 10 verify; 2 Given as three nominal species; 3 Given ぉ T. truncat 凶;， 4 Confused wi 由 S. longirostris; 5 Given 悩 S. malayana; ・ 6 Pre liminary identification; 7 Based on S. malayana; 8 Given as B. acu ωrostrata and B. borealis

τ'h e taxonomic and nomenclatorial confusion ぽ ising 企om earlier works and the new information information collected demands a revised up-to ・date checklis t. Thi s paper lists 27 cetaceans recorded recorded or expected to occur in Thai waters and provides an identification key with distributions distributions maps.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This This paper is based on a critical review of relevant papers as well as an examination

scientific of scientific collections and specimens on display at temples ，釘my c創 nps and hotels all over over Thailand. Interview surveys were conducted in 1991 along the Eastern Seaboard (ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE ，1991) ， and in 1993 along the western Gulf and An daman Sea coastline coastline (ANDERSEN & KINZE ，1993a ，1993b). Unpublished information was kindly made available available to us at several scientific institutions. In addition ，several specimens were dissected. Th e list covers all known records from Thailand through 1993. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 29

The identification key was based on general information on the species and on experiences experiences gained during dissection. For each species Thai records 紅 e listed 出 far as possible possible in chronological order. For some species a geographical subdivision has been applied. 百le records provide the following information as completely as possible: record number ，da 旬， locality ，sex ，total length (TL) ，information on specimen ，institution and references. references. Th e locality is given as district and province wherever possible. For some specimens specimens the exact locality of origin is not known ， but only the harbour where the specimen specimen was landed. If available ，出 is information is given in parentheses. Th e numbers given given on the distribution maps follows numbers given in the r，回 ord lis t. Th e totallength is given as the distance from the tip of the head to the notch in straight line line parallel to 由e body axis (NOR 則 S， 1961). Le ngth measurements taken in a different or or unknown way are given as 可'eported len 脚"官 le 胸 scribed names in square brackets follows follows the Romanization Guide of 官 le Royal Institute ， 1982. The following abbreviations 釘 'e used for the scientific collections: BIMS ，Bang Saen Institute Institute of Marine Science; NHCU ， Natural History Museum Chulalongkorn University; KUMF ，Ka setsart U 凶versity Museum of Fisheries (former college of fisheries); FSKU ， Faculty Faculty of Science ，Kasetsart U 凶versity; NICA ，National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture ， Songkhla; Songkhla; PMBC ， Phuket Marine Biological Center; NRC ，National Reference Collection ， Bangkok; Bangkok; EMDEC ，Eastern Marine Fisheries Development Center ，Ban Phe; OFD ， Oceanic Fisheries Fisheries Division ，Samut Prakarn.

LIST OF SPECIES

FAMILY PHYSETERIDAE (sperm whales)

1. 1. Physeter macrocephalus ，sperm whale

百凶 name: 由判明前明 [plawan hua 出ui] Pilleri Pilleri (1 973): Physeter catodon Lekagul Lekagul & McNeely (1 977): Physeter catodon Records Records (see map 1) 1.1. 1.1. Un 也ted (b efore 1973). Phuket Island ， Phuket Pr ov. Sex and τL not known. According to to PILLE 阻(1 973) kept in the (old) Phuket Fishery Station; apparently los t. Photographs in PILLE 阻(1 973) and PILLERI & GIHR (1974). 1. 2. Undated (before 1987). Lower jaws seen in Phuket Harbour ， Phuket Prov. Sex and τL not known. Photograph in ZMUC files. 1. 3. 7 June 1993. Surin Beach ， Phuket Island ， Phuket Pr ov. Skeleton and cast of female ， 300 cm. PMBC. Unconfirmed records: Teeth of sperm whales believed to be from Th ai waters are in the National National Museum (LEKAGUL & McNEELY ， 1977). ANDERSEN & KINZE (1 991) listed a sperm whale from Cha Am Dis 凶ct from their interview survey. No specimen has been identified identified and the record remains doubtfu l. 30 M ICHAEL ANDERSEN AN D C ARL CHR. KINZE

1 Physete r m a croceph;Jius 4 Steno bre danensis 2 Kogia slmus 7 De lphinus c a p e ns is 3 M esoplodon glnkgode11s 9 Sten e /la a tte nua ta 10 Stene /la c oe rule oalba

Map 1 Map 2

6 Tursiops a dunCus

'' .... j ("' '

' -~ - .... - ' !' \

Map 4

Maps l-4. Distribution of records for P. macrocephalus, K. sim.us, M. ginkgodens, S. bredanensis, D. capensis, S. attenuata, S. coeruleoalba, S. chinensis and T. aduncus. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 31

2. 2. Kogia simus ，dwarf sperm whale 百四 name: t.l~1'l哨前明比例す:; [plawan hua thui khrae] Records Records (see map 1) 2. 1. July 1987. Patong Beach ， Phuket Island ， Phuket Prov. Male skeleton ，227 cm. PMBC. CHANTRAPORNSYL ET A L. 1991.

FAMILY ZIPHIIDAE (beaked whales)

3. 3. Mesoplodon ginkgode !， s， ginkgo-toothed beaked whale 百1ai name: t.l ~1引判河'U~Ð 'I者 [plawan fan song si] Records Records (see map 1) 3. 1. 7 June 1989. Patong Beach ， Phuket Island ， Phuket Prov. Photographs of female ，208 cm. cm. ZMUC files (Fig. 1). Note: Note: Only skull characters provide a safe identification of juvenile and female individuals of of most species of Mesoplodon. The extemal features ，especially of juvenile individuals ， are are poorly known. The species identification therefore has to be considered tentative ，until more material becomes available. The identification key lists two further species of Mesoplodon Mesoplodon likely to occur in Thai waters.

FAM 且Y DELPHINIDAE (oceanic or true dolphins)

4. 4. Steno bredanensis ， roughtoothed dolphin Thai Thai name: t.l ~11~ lJ1刊'lll.h 'l [plaloma fan hang] Records Records (see map 2) 4. 1. 30 August 1993. Chalong Bay ， Phuket Island ， Phuket Prov. Skeleton of female ，220 cm. cm. PMB C. Unconfmned records: THIEMMEDH (1 968) ， quoted as Jinda (1968) by LEKAGUL & Mc NEEL Y (1 977) ， reported the species to occur in the Gulf of Thailand based on a skull in the the Kasetsart collection identified by T. Kasuya. LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1977) were unable unable to trace the skull.

5. 5. Sousa chinensis ， Indopaciflc humpback dolphin (Fig. 2) Th ai name: 由吋1~ lJ 1LëlÐfl 'VI iD t.l ~11~ lJ 1 'V1~'11'V1'U fl [plaloma phuak ， plaloma langnok] SUVATTI (1950): Sotalia sinensis PILLE 阻&' GIHR (1 974): Sousa plumbea SMYTH (1898): D. sinensis BONHOTE (1903): Sotalia chinensis KLoss (1916): Sotalia sinensis 32 MrCHAEL ANo ERSEN AND CA 乱 CHR. KlNZE

LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1977): Sotalia plumbea LEK 臥AG 皿 &Mc 倒NE 回EL 臼Y (1 977): S，お ot ωω 'alia ， 初bomeens

LEKAGUL & McNE 血ELY (1 977): S，お 'ot ωα ，[i， ωa chi 仇nensis ， s ME聞NASV 児ETA (ο19 兜80 除): 8，品 ot ωali ，ωa si 初nens ， 山iおs

Records Records (see map 3)

5. 1. Undated. Prachuap Khi rikhan Pr ov. Skull. Sex and TL not known. Pl¥佃 C.

5.2. 5.2. Undated. Pr ov. Stuffed sp 田 imen. Sex and TL not known. Seen in Bangkok by LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1 977). .3. 5.3. November 1895. Sighting near Koh Samet ，Rayong Pr ov. SMYTH (1898). .4. 5.4. 1901 or 1902. Estuary ofTrang Ri ver ， Kantang Di strict ， Trang Prov. Sex and τL not known. BONHO 租 (1903). 5.5. 5.5. 7 December 1914. Sighting near Kh long Yai ， Trat Pr ov. KLoss (1 916). 5.6. 5.6. February 1926. Gulf of Siam. Skull (1 937.6.22.1) Sex and TL not known. Natur a1 阻 story Museum ， London. PlL LE 阻 &G 田 R (1 972). 5.7. 5.7. 27 January 1963. Loc a1 ity not known (landed at Bangkok Harbour). Skeleton. Sex 組 d TL not known. KUMF. 5.8. 5.8. 1975. Rayong ，Rayong Pr ov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ，210 cm. BIMS.

5.9. 5.9. 199 1. Occurs a1 0ng 血e coasts of Trat and La em Ngop Di s凶 cts (Trat Pr ov よLaem Sing Sing and Pak Nam Pr asae Di stricts ，(Chantaburi Pr ov よ Ban Phe and Rayong Dis 住icts (Rayong Pr ov.) and Sattahip Dis 凶 ct (Chonburi Pr ov ふ Interview survey (ANo ERSEN & K 町 ZE 1991).

5.10. 5.10. Sightings reported 0首 N 盆lua ， Chonburi Pr ov. December 1992- January 1993. B 町 gers (pers. (pers. comm ふ 5.1 1. February 1993. Bang Lamung ， Chonburi Prov. Skeleton of m a1 e， 241 cm. BIMS.

Misidentification: ‘N. A.' (=Nelson Annandale) in BONH O'四(1 903) reported a sighting of a school of 5・6 anim a1 s on 12 May (1 90 1) from Pak Phayun in 白e upper Son 位hla Lake (百 lale Luang) which he 血ought were Platanista sp. 九a kind of river dolphin. He described them as being not much over 4 f t. (=122 cm) long and being of uniform rich chocolate brown color. 13 years later (Annand a1 e， 1916) he described 出is cetacean as ‘remarkable for for its sm a1 1 size ， long narrow snout and bright brown colour'. ROB 別 SON (1927) mentions it it as 阻 undescribed species from 恥官la1 e sap. LEKAG 皿&McNEELY (1977) interpreted the the origin a1 sighting as of Sotalia plumbea = Sousa chinensis. However ，it is beyond doubt doubt that 由is ‘brown cetacean' is a misidentified false gavi a1 (Tomistoma schlegelii) ， which according to SMY 叩 (1898) was seen ‘in considerable number' in 血e 1890's. CETACE A OF THAILAND AN D A DJ ACENT WATERS 33

Fi gur e l. A fema les pecim en of g ink go- too th ed b巴球巴d w hale (Mesoplodon gink go dens) st: rand ed 7 Jun 巴 1989 on Patong Be ac h

FigUJ 巴 2. Th 巴 two co lour m or ph s o f the Indop ac ifi c humpb ack clo lphin (Sollsa chinensi s)

Fig ur 巴 3. Ex tl 巴111 巴Iy long- b巴aked COlll 11l 0n clolphin s (Delphi l/ us cap ens is) o ff Koh S alllui ，22 January 197 3 34 M ICHAEL A NDERSEN AND CARL C HR. KtNZE

Figure 4. Sittang whale (Ba/aenoptera edeni) skeleton kept at Wat Phra Mahathat, Muang District, Nakorn Sri Thammarat Province (species record 17.3).

Figure 5. Sittang whale (Balaenoptera edeni) skeleton kept in the cave of Wat Tham Khao Phlu, Pathio Di s­ trict. Chumporn Province (species record 17. 12.). CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 35

6. 6. Tursiops aduncus ， tropical bottlenosed dolphin Thai Thai name: 11 引 L'6i:lJ l山n'll'l肉 [plaloma pak khuad] PILLERI PILLERI (1973): Tursiops aduncus LEKAGUL & McNEEL Y (1 977): Tursiops truncatus Nomenclatorial Nomenclatorial note: We chose to treat the tropical bottlenose dolphin of the Indopacific as as a sep 紅 at 巴 species due to its smaller size and heavier spotting. Records Records (see map 4) Specimens Specimens from ‘ Bangkok': 6.1. 6.1. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded in ‘Bangkok'). Mounted skeleton. Sex and TL not known. NHMCU. 6.2. 6.2. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded in ‘Bangkok'). Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 151 cm. KUMF. 6.3. 6.3. Undated. Locality of origin not known (landed in ‘Bangkok'). Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 190 cm. KUMF. .4. 6.4. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded in ‘Bangkok'). Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 194 cm. FSKU. 6.5. 6.5. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded in ‘Bangkok'). Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 163 cm. FSKU. 6.6. 6.6. 27 January 1963. Locality of origin not known (l anded in ‘Bangkok'). Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. KUMF. 6.7. 6.7. 10 November 1964. Locality of origin not known (aquired at Bangkok Fish market). Female ，222 cm. Files of KUMF. Specimens Specimens from Bang Saen: 6.8. 6.8. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Skull. Sex and TL not known. BIMS. 6.9. 6.9. 1974. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 198 cm. BIMS.

6.10. 6.10. 1974. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed sp 巴cimen. Sex not known ， 166 cm. BIMS. Specimens Specimens from Phuke t: 6.1 1. Undated. Phuket Island ， Phuket Prov. Cas t. Sex not known ，202 cm. PMBC. Specimens Specimens from Songkhla:

6.12. 6.12. Undated. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Stuffed sp 巴cimen. Sex not known ， 155 cm. Songkhla Songkhla Fishery Station. PILLERI (1 973) ， PILLERI & GIHR (1974). 6.13. 6.13. Undated. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Stuffed specimen ，230 cm. Sex not known. Fishery Fishery Station ，Song 凶 la. PILLERI (1973) ， PILLERI & GIHR (1974). 6.14. 6.14. Undated. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 155 cm. NIC A. 36 36 MICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL CHR. KINZE

6.15. 6.15. Undated. Songkhla ，Song 油 la Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 162 cm. NIC A. 6.16. 6.16. 8 February 1973. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Male ， 130 cm. Pilleri collection ，no.: 560. 560. PILLERI (1 973). 6.17. 6.17. 8 February 1973. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Male ， 134 cm. Pilleri collection ， no.: 56 1. PILLE 悶 (1973). 6.18. 6.18. 8 February 1973. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Female ，210 cm. Pilleri collection ，no.: 562. 562. PILLE 悶 (1973).

6.19. 6.19. January 1992. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Female ，ca. 200 cm. Wi 出 a 46 cm embryo. N1 C A. 6.20. 6.20. 5 June 1965. Huahin ，Pr achuab Khiri khan Pr ov. Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. KUMF. 6.2 1. Before 1982. Prachuab Kh irikhan ， Prachuab Kh irikhan Pr ov. Skull. Sex and TL not known. NR C. 6.22. 6.22. October 1981. Tarutao ， Satun Prov. Skeleton. Sex & TL not known. Tarutao Marine National National Park.

6.23. 6.23. 21 July 1990. Sighting south of Phuket Island ， Phuket Pr ov. (6 0 55'N ， 9T5'E) of a mixed school with Globicephala macrorhynchus (CCK unpublished).

6.24. 6.24. 円199 引1. Occurs 幻at Tra 瓜t Di strict (σTra 瓜tP針'r ov.) ，La' 鵠.em Sing and Pa 北knam Kr asae Diお s紅凶 iおct 鉛s (Cαha 叩ntab 加uri 針Pro 肝札.よ V Ban Ph 恥1潟e and Ra 可yo 叩ng Districts (侭 Ra 町yo 叩ng 針PT叩o仰机り.)V and (Chonburi (Chonburi Prov ふ Interview survey (ANDERSEN & K 削 ZE ， 1991). 6.25. 6.25. June 1993. Laem Mae Phim ，Rayong Prov. Skeleton of female ，19 1. 5 cm. EMDEC.

7. 7. Delphinus capensis ， long-beaked common dolphin (Fig. 3) 百1ai name: リf'nt~ 1J 1 山nm 'l [plaloma pak yao] ?LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1977): De 桝 inus delphis ?YENBUTRA (1 980): Delphinus delphis Nomenclatorial Nomenclatorial note: Only recen t1 y two species of common dolphin have been recognised: a short-beaked species (D. delphis) and a long-beaked species (D. capensis) (HEYN 町 G& PERRIN ， 1994). Earlier records of common dolphins from Thai waters are very dubious ， and so f: 紅 only 血e long-beaked species is properly documented.τ 'h e description given for Delphinus Delphinus delphis by LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1 977) is very ambiguous and intertwined with 血at of a Stenella longirostris. Records Records (see map 2) 7. 1. 22 January 1973. Off Koh Samui ，Surathani Prov. Sighting of a school of 40- 50 individuals. individuals. Color slides in ZMUC files (Fig. 3 ). Pers. comm. 佃 d courtesy E. Kr abbe. Unconfirmed Unconfirmed records: LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1 977) report a specimen from ‘Ranong'. However ，tl1 e specimen photographs shown under this species heading are that of a Stenella longirostris. longirostris. CET ACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT W A TERS 37

8. 8. Stenella longirostris ， spinner dolphin Thai Thai name: 由 1t 'r:'llJ1 m'::tlnln [plaloma kradod] PILLE 町&GIHR (1974): Stenella sp.

PILLE 町&GIHR (1974): Stenella dubia 弁'ontalis-att 印刷， ta (in part) LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1977): Stenella malayana. ? YENBUTRA (1 988): Stenella attenuata. PERRIN ET A L. (1 989): Dwarf form of Stenella longirostris. Records Records (see map 5)

‘ Bangkok':

8. 1. Undated. Bight of Bangkok. Skull. Sex and TL not known. College of Fisheries ， Kasetsart Kasetsart University. PILLERI & GIHR (1 974). LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1977) under D. D. delphis. Specimen apparently los t. 8.2. 8.2. Undated. Bight of Bangko k. Skull. Sex and TL not known. College of Fisheries ， Kasetsart Kasetsart University. PILLERI & GIHR (1 974). Specimen apparently los t.

8.3. 8.3. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded at ‘Bangkok Harbour'). Stuffed specimen. specimen. Sex unknown ， 129 cm. KUMF. .4. 8.4. Undated. Locality of origin not known (landed at ‘Bangkok Harbour'). Stuffed specimen. specimen. Sex unknown ， 109 cm. FSKU.

8.5. 8.5. Undated. Locality of origin not known (landed at ‘Bangkok Harbour'). Stuffed specimen. specimen. Sex unknown ， 128 cm. FSKU. 8.6. 8.6. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded at ‘Bangkok Harbour'). Stuffed specimen. specimen. Sex unknown ，90 cm. MNHCU. 8.7. 8.7. 28 October 1965. Locality of origin not known (l anded at ‘Bangkok Harbour'). Sex not known ，110 cm. Files of the Faculty of Fisheries ， Kasetsart University. Maybe identical identical with record 8.4. 8.8. 8.8. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Pr ov. Mounted skeleton. Sex and TL unknown. B lM S. 8.9. 8.9. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Pr ov. Mounted skeleton. Sex and TL unknown. B lM S. 8.1 0. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed specimen. Female ， 143 cm. B lM S. 8.1 1. 1974. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex unknown ， 128 cm. BIMS. 8.12. 8.12. 15 March 1970. 2 km off Samut Songkram ，Samut Songkram Prov. Skeleton. Female ， 141 141 cm. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 2585 1. MIYAZA 阻 (1986) ，GILPATRICK ET A L. (1987) ，PERRIN ET A L. (1 989). 8.13. 8.13. 21 September 1970. Gulf of Thailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Sex not reported ， 111 cm. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 2497 1. MIYAZAKI (1986) ，PER 即 N ET AL. (1989). 38 MICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL CHR. K l NZE

8 Stene/la Jongirostris 11 Peponocephala electra 12 Globicepha/a macrorhynchus 13 Pseudorca cra ssidens 14 Ore/nus orcZJ

15 Orcai!l/a brevirostris

,.---~- .. -

Map 7

Maps S-8. Distribution of records for S. longirostris, P. electra, G. macrorhyncus, P. crassidens, 0 . orca, 0 . brevirostris, N. phocoenoides. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 39

8.14. 8.14. 1970 or 197 1. Gulf of Thailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Sex and TL not reported. reported. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24972. MIY AZA 阻 (1986) ，PE 限 IN ET A L. (1 989). 8.15. 8.15. 10 January 197 1. Gulf of Thailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Female ，94 cm. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24973. MIYAZAKI (1 986) ，PERRIN ET A L. (1 989). 8.16. 8.16. 30 December 197 1. Gulf of Th ailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Female ， 107 107 cm. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24974. MIYAZA Kl (1986) ，PERRIN ET A L. (1989). (1989). 8.17. 8.17. 1970 ー7 1. Gulf of Thailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Sex not reported ， 127 127 cm. National Science Museum ，Tokyo no. 24975. MIYAZA Kl (1986) ，PE RRl N ET A L. (1 989). 8.1 8. 1970 ー7 1. Gulf of Thailand (landed at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Male ， 129 cm. National National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24976. MIYAZA Kl (1986) ，PERRIN ET A L. (1 989). 8.19. 8.19. 1970 ー7 1. Gulf of Thailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Female ， 133 cm. National National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24977. MIYAZAKI (1 986) ，PE 限 IN ET A L. (1 989). 8.20. 8.20. 1970 ー7 1. Gulf ofThailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Male ， 136 cm. National Science Science Museum Tokyo no. 24978. MIYAZAKI (1 986) ，PERRIN ET A L. (1989). 8.2 1. 1970-7 1. Gulf of Thailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Sex and TL not reported. reported. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24979. MIYAZA 阻(1 986) ，PERRIN ET A L. (1 989).

8.22. 8.22. 6 Apri11982. 5 km east of Phuket (ア 52 'N 9 0 27 町， Phuket Prov. Sighting. Le atherwood (1 986).

8.23. 8.23. 199 1. Occurs off Laem Ngop District (Tra 幻t Prov.) ，Laem Sing Di strict (Chantaburi i

P酌ro 仰机.ふ V Ban Phe 児e and Ra 句yo 叩ng Di おs甘回 icts (侭 Ra 可yon 昭港1gP針ro 肝り.)v. 叩 d Sa 飢tt 凶ah 卯i増p Di おst 凶ri な加Cはt (Chonburi Prov ふ Interview survey (ANDERSEN & Kr NZE ， 1991). 8.24. 8.24. 7 January 1992. East off Koh Samet ，Rayong Prov. Sighting of a single individual. CCK unpublished. Stenella Stenella sp. records assigned to this species. Li sted by Pr LLE 悶(1 973) and PILLERI & GIHR (1 974) as belonging to Stenella dubia- frontalis-attenuata frontalis-attenuata group ， but the tooth counts suggest S. longirostris. 8.25. 8.25. Undated. Songkhla waters ， Songkhla Prov. Stuffed specimen. Female ， 143 cm. Fishery Fishery Station Songkhla. PILLERI (1973) ， PILLERI & GIHR (1974). Specimen apparen t1 y los t. 8.26. 8.26. Undated. Songkhla waters ， Songkhla Pr ov. Stuffed specimen. Female ， 150 cm. Fishery Station Station Songkhla. PILLE 則(1 973) ，P且 LERI & GIHR (1 974). Specimen apparently los t. 40 MICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL CHR. KINZE

9. 9. Stenella attenuata ， pantropical spotted dolphin Thai Thai name: 1..h;nL~ 1J1 ~1白1 肉 [plaloma lai chut] PILLERI PILLERI (1 973): Stenella dubiajrontalis-attenuata (in part)

Records Records (see map 2) 9. 1. Undated. Songkhla waters ， Songkhla Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 196 cm. cm. Fishery Station. Songkhla. P江 LERI (1 973). Specimen app 紅 ently los t. 9.2. 9.2. Undated. Phuket Island ， Phuket Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 166 cm. PMBC. 9.3. 9.3. 23 December 1970. Gulf of Th ailand (l anded at Samut Sakom). Skeleton. Female ， 164 164 cm. National Science Museum Tokyo no. 24852. MIYAZKI (1986).

10. 10. Stenella coeruleoalba ， striped dolphin Thai Thai name: tl~1L~ lJ 1LLílU [plaloma thaep] Records Records (see map 2)

10. 1. 199 1. Reported to occur 瓜at Kh ong Ya 創 i District (Tra 剖t Prov.) ，Laem Sing Di 託stric はt (Cαh 加lanta 油buri 酌Pro 仰札.よV B 佃 Ph 恥1児e and Ra 町yo ∞n昭g Dis “tri お制cts (侭 Ra 勾yong Prov.) and Sa 副ttah 註ip Di おs紅凶 ic はt (Chonburi (Chonburi Prov ふ Interview survey (ANDERSEN & KINZE 1991). 10.2. 10.2. 8 August 1992. Patong Beach. Phuket Island ， Phuket Prov. Skeleton and cas t. Male ， 197.5 197.5 cm. PMB C.

11. 11. Peponocephala electra ， melon-headed whale Thai Thai name: リ引っ 1 Y1' 1治 n~幻 or tl~ 1'l 吋判前比例

12. 12. Globicephala macrorhynchus ，short-finned pilot whale 百1泊 name: 由 η哨出向

13. 13. Pseudorca crassidens ， false killer whale Thai Thai name: 由吋つ哨 L 'V'l'll'i''JJ 1 liJ ~1 [plawan phech 北 hat dam] Records Records (see map 6) 13. 1. Before 1982. Prachuap Kh irikhan ， Prachuab Kh irikhan Prov. Skull. Sex and TL not known. known. NRC. CET ACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT W ATERS 41

13.2. 13.2. February 1992. Bang Saphan Noi ， Prachuab Kh irikhan Prov. Stuffed specimen and photographs photographs of a male ，357 cm. Prachuap Kh irikhan Marine Aquaculture Development Center. Center. Specimen apparently los t. 13 .3. 1993. Similan Islands ，Ranong Prov. Sighting of a schoo l. FORMAN (1993).

14. 14. Orcinus orca ， killer whale Thai Thai name: tJ'i't l11WL 判明別吋阿 [plawan phechakhat] Records Records (see map 6) 14. 1. 1993. Similan Islands ，Ranong Prov.. Sighting of a school of 40. Photographs in the files files of PMB C.

15. 15. Orcaella brevirostris ，Irrawaddy dolphin (See cover photograph) Th 泊 name: tJ'i't lL 'i'tl Jl 百円罰 [plaloma irawadi] SMYTH (1 898): “porpoises" . BONHOTE (1903): Orcaella brevirostris KLoss (1916): Orcella brevirostris GYLDENSTOLPE (1919): Orcaella brevirostris ROBINSON (1 927): Orcaella brevirostris SUVA 甘 1 (1 950): Orcaella brevirostris

Records Records (s 閃 map 7) 15. 1. Undated. Upper Bight of Bangkok at the mouth of the Chao Phraya Ri ver. No details details given. MORZER-BRUYNS (1966). 15.2. 15.2. Undated. Inland Sea ， Songkhla Prov. No details given. ROBINSON (1927). 15.3. 15.3. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex and TL not known. BIMS. 15 .4. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Mounted skeleton. Sex and TL not known. BIMS. 15.5. 15.5. Nov. 1895. Near Koh Samet ，Rayong Prov. Sighting. SMYTH (1 898). 15.6. 15.6. August 1896. Kh long Luang ， Phatthalung Prov. Sighting. SMYTH (1898). 15.7. 15.7. October 190 1. Tanjong ，Pattani Prov. Male ，220 cm. BONHOTE (1 903). PILLERI & GIHR (1974).

15.8. 15.8. October 190 1. Tanjong ，Pattani Prov. Male ，275 cm. BONHOTE (1903). P比LE 町& GIHR (1974). 15.9. 15.9. 6 December 1914. Kl ong Yai ， Trat Prov. Skul l. Male ，213 cm (7 ft. not 3660 mm). KLoss (1 916). 15 .1 0. 197 1. Th ale Luang north of Pak Phayun. Phattalung Prov. Sex not known. 193 cm. Fishery Station. PILLE 町(1 973). 42 M! CHAEL AND 図 S聞 AND CARL CHR. KINZE

15.1 1. 197 1. Th ale Luang north of Pak Phayun. Phattalung Prov. Sex and TL not known. College College of Education. PlL LE 阻(1 973).

15.12. 15.12. 197 1. τ'h ale Luang north of Pak Phayun. Phat ta1 ung Prov. Sex and TL not known. College College of Education Station. PlL LE 即(1 973).

15 .1 3. 2 February 1985. N 北 lua ， Chonburi Prov. Sex and TL not known. Burgers pers. comm..

15.14. 15.14. 18 January 1990. Son 位hla ， Songkhla Pr ov. Stu 町'ed specimen. Sex not known ，219 cm. cm. NIC A.

15.15. 15.15. 18 January 1990. Son 俳hla ，Son 似山岳ov.S t1.ぽ'e d specimen. Sex not known ， ca. 219 cm. NICA 15.16. 15.16. May 1990. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Pr ov. Skeleton. Female ，207 cm. BIMS. Specimen apparently apparently los t.

1臼5.1 口7. 1ω99 引1. Occurs of 妊fτT 司ra 侃t 佃 d La 鵠.em Ngop Di包 st 位rictωs (Tra 祇.t Pr，守 ov よLa 鵠.em Sing Di包 s釘凶 ict t (Cαh 加lan 削lta 油buri pr 叩ov 札り.)， Ban Phe 犯e 阻 d Ra 可yo 叩ng Districts (侭 Ra 町yong Pr 仰o仏.ふv In terview 叩survey (ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE ，199 1). 15.18. 15.18. 21 October 1992. Naklua ， Chonburi Pr ov. Sex and TL not known. Photographs in ZMUC files. Burgers (pers. comm.).

PHOCOENIDAE 仲間 po 中oises)

16. 16. Neophocaena phocoenoides ，finl 倒 s porpoise Th ai name: U'il1 Lfl 1J 1前m 附制的昂凹 [plaloma lang riab]

PlL LERI (1973): Neomeris phocoenoides Records Records (see map 8) 16. 1. Undated. Locality of origin not known. ‘Bangkok'. Mounted skeleton. Sex and τ1 not not known. NHMCU. 16.2. 16.2. Undated. Locality of origin not known. ‘Bangkok'. Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. NHMCU. 16.3. 16.3. Undated. Locality of origin not known (l anded at Bangkok harbour). Stuffed specimen. specimen. Sex unknown ， 120 cm.. FFKU. 16 .4. Undated. Locality of origin not known Bangko k. Stuffed specimen. Female ， 102 cm. cm. FSKU. 16.5. 16.5. Undated. Locality of origin not known Bangko k. Neonate in alcohol. Sex not known ，58 cm. FSKU. 16.6. 16.6. Undated. Locality of origin not known Bangkok waters. Stuffed specimen. Sex unknown ， 128 cm. Kasetsart University (PlL LE 町 1973). Maybe identical wi t1t record 16.3. 16.3. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 43

16.7. 16.7. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Skeleton. Sex and TL unknown. BIMS.

16.8. 16.8. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Sk 巴leton. Sex and TL unknown. BI 恥1S. 16.9. 16.9. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Skeleton. Sex and TL unknown. BIMS. 16.10. 16.10. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed anima l. Sex not known ， 138 cm. BIMS. 16.1 1. Undated. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Mounted skeleton. Sex and TL not known. BIMS. 16.12. 16.12. April 199 1. Bang Saen ， Chonburi Prov. Skeleton. Male ， 108 cm. BIMS ， no. 1. 16.13. 16.13. Undated. Prachuab Kh irikhan ， Prachuab Khi rikhan Pr ov. Female fetus in alcohol ， ca. ca. 40 cm. Prachuab Kh irikhan M 訂 ine Aquaculture Development Center.

16.14. 16.14. Undated. Songkhla ， Songkhla Prov. Female ， 130 cm. Wi 白 a 77 cm male fetus. Fishery Fishery Station Songkhla (PILLERI ， 1973). Specimen apparently los t. 16.15. 16.15. Undated. Phang Nga ，Phang Nga Prov. Stuffed specimen. Sex not known ， 115 cm. Fishery Fishery Station Phang Nga (PILLERI ，1973). 16.16. 16.16. 1986. Bang Sarae ， Chonburi Prov. Stuffed specimen. Fem a1 e， 85 cm. Ban Sarae Beach Resort ，Reception.

16.17. 16.17. Apri l/M ay 1989. Thepa ，Pattani Pr ov. Neonate male in formalin ， 63 cm. NICA.

16.18. 16.18. Novemb 巴rlD ecember 1989. Pr achuab Kh irikhan ， Prachuap Kh凶凶 an Pr ov. Female fetus fetus ca. 55 cm. Pr achuab Khiri khan M 訂 ine Aquaculture Development Cente r. Specimen los t.

16.19. 16.19. 199 1. Occurs 0 妊 Trat and Laem Ngop Districts (Trat Prov.) and Laem Sing District (Chantaburi (Chantaburi Prov ふ Interview survey (ANDERSEN & KlN ZE ， 1991). 16.20. 16.20. April 1992. Koh Si Chang ， Chonburi Prov. Skeleton. Female ， 85 cm. BIMS ， no.

4. 4. Specimen app 紅 ently los t. 16.2 1. April 1992. Koh Si Chang ， Chonburi Pr ov. Skeleton. Female ，99 cm. BIMS ， no. 5. 5. Specimen apparently los t. 16.22. 16.22. Apri11992. Koh Si Chang ， Chonburi Prov. Sex and TL not known. Specimen los t. 16.23. 16.23. January 1993. Naklua ， Chonburi Prov. Sex and TL not known Burgers (pers. comm.). comm.). 16.24. 16.24. June 1993. Kh anduli ，Tha Chana Bay ，Chumphon Prov. Sex and TL not known. Stacey Stacey (pers. comm ふ

BALAENOPTERIDAE (rorquals)

17. 17. Balaenoptera edeni ， sittang whale Thai Thai name: tl~1 引 ~iì 'V1Vl1，" [plawan sittang] 44 MICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL CHR. KINZE

SUVATII (1950): Balaenoptera edenii Small lndian fin whale. THIEMMEDH (1968): Balaenoptera sp. Fin whale. PILLERI PILLERI (1 973): Balaenoptera edeni. LEKAGUL & MCNEELY (1977): Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale. LEKAGUL &勘 1CNEEL Y (1 977): Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale. MENASVETA (1980): Balgenoptera edenii (misspelling) Small lndian fin whale. Records Records (see map 9) 17. 1. Subfossil 1500-2500 YBP. Ban Na ，Bangkok. Skeleton. NHMCU. Labeled B. B. borealis. ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep ふ 17.2. 17.2. Subfossi l. Bang Saen ， . lncomplete skeleton and one mandible at at BIMS. ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep ふ 17.3. 17.3. November 1909. Tha Sala ，Nakom Sri Thammarat Province. Skeleton at Wat Phra Mahatha t. Sex not known. Li sted as a minke whale by LEKAGUL & MCNEELY 1977. A NDERSEN & K 町 ZE (i n prep ふ Fig.4. 17 .4. 1917. Chaiya ，Ao Ban Don. Photograph of skull. Sex and TL not known. British Museum (Natural History). LEAη 也 RWOOD (1 986). 17.5. 17.5. 1919. Kh anthuli ，Chumphon Province. Sex and TL not known. BURKIL (1935). CHASEN (1 940) ，GIBSON-HILL (1949 ，1950) 叩 d LEKAGUL & McNEEL Y refer to this record as as B. borealis. ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (i n prep ふ 17.6. 17.6. 1963. Kh long Wal ， Prachuap Kh irikhan Province. Mandibles. Sex and TL not known. The Brackish water Fisheries Center ，PP K. ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (in prep ふ 17.7. 17.7. 2 April 1964. Bo Mao Bay ，Pathio ，Chumphon Province. Skeleton. Sex not known. Reported length 10 m. KUMF. SUWATII (1966). TIEMMEDH (1968). PILLERI (1973). (1973). Listed by LEKAGUL & McNEELY (1 977) as minke whale. ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (i n prep ふ

17.8. 17.8. 1969. Chumphon. Skel 巴ton. Sex not known. Reported length 12 m. OFD. 17.9. 17.9. 1973. . Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. The Department of Aquatic Aquatic Sciences ，. ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep ふ 17.10. 17.10. 1973. Had Chao Samran. Phetburi province. Skeleton. Sex and τL not known. Wat Had Chao Samran (temple). ANDERSEN (unpublished). 17.11. 17.11. 1973. Koh Tarutao. Satun Province. Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. The visitor center. center. Tarutao Marine National Par k. ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (in prep.) 17.12. 17.12. 1973. Pathio ，Chumphon Province. Skeleton. Sex not known. Reported length 8 m. Wat 官 lam Kh ao Phlu (temple). ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (in prep ふ Fig.5. 17.13. 17.13. 1975. Koh Lanta Yai ，Kr abi Province. Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. Cafe Museum Art Bar. ANDERSEN (unpublished). CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WAτ 芭RS 45

17.14. 17.14. 17 July 1975. Bang Saen Beach ， Chonburi Province. Skeleton. Sex not known. Reported Reported length 10 m. Skeleton at BIMS. ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (in prep ふ 17.15. 17.15. 9 July 1976. Si Chon ，Nakom Sri Thammarat Province. Skeleton. Sex and TL not known. Prasamsuk Villa ，ANDERSEN & K 町 ZE (in prep ふ 17.16. 17.16. Before 1977. Koh Tao ，Chumphon Province. Sex and τL not known. Listed by LEKAGUL & McNEEL Y as minke whale. Reassigned by ANDERSEN & K 別 ZE (in prep.) to B. B. edeni. 17.17. 17.17. Before 1977. Sam Roi Y od ， Prachuab Kh irikhan Province. Sex and TL not known. Li sted by LEKAGUL & McNEEL Y as minke whale. Reassigned by ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep.) to B. edeni.

17.18. 17.18. Before 1977. Koh Si Ch 組 g， Trat Province. Sex and TL not known. Li sted by LEKAGUL & McNEELY as minke whale. Reassigned by ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep.) to B. B. edeni. 17.19. 17.19. April 1977. Hua Hin ， Prachuab Khi rikhan Province. Skeleton. Sex not known. Reported Reported length 14 m. Pradiphat Arm y Camp. ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep ふ 17.20. 17.20. 198 1. Samut Pr akam Harbour ，Samut Prakam Pr ovince. Skeleton. Sex not known. Reported Reported length 6.2 m. PMBC. ANDERSEN (unpublished).

17.2 1. 1982. Nakom Sri 百lamm 紅 at ，Nakom Sri 百lammarat Pr ovince. Photograph. Sex andτL not known. NIC A. 17.22. 17.22. 15 September 1983. Sapam Bay ， Phuket Province. Skeleton. Sex not known. 6.76 m. PMBC. ANDERSEN & KINZE (i n prep ふ

17.23. 17.23. Before 1987. Phuket harbour. Phuket Province. Photograph of occipi ta1 p紅 t of skull skull in the files of ZMUC. Sex and TL not known.

17.24. 17.24. 1987. Koh T 釘 utao ， Satun Province. Specimen buried at Koh Tarutao. Sex and TL not not known. Tentatively assigned to B. edeni by ANDERSEN & KINZE (in prep ふ 17.25. 17.25. December 1990. Koh Lanta Boh ，Kr abi Province. Mandibles. Sex and TL not known. Koh Lanta Schoo l. ANDERSEN (unpublished).

17.26 17.26 January-February 1993. Bang Saph 叩 Noi ， Prachuab Khi rikhan Province. Skeleton. Male ， reported length 12 m. Brackish Water Fisheries Center ， Prachuab Kh irikhan. ANDERSEN (unpublished). 17.27 17.27 29 June 1993. Ban Bang Lamung ， Chonburi Pr ovince. Skeleton. Sex not known ， reported reported leng 白 13 m. Wat Ban Bang Lamung (temple).

SPECIES TO BE EXPECTED IN THAI W ATERS

Seventeen Seventeen species of whales and dolphin have so far been recorded for 百凶 waters. In In addition the identification key includes the following species that are known from 46 M ICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL C HR. KINZE

\ ' ' \ \ 17 Balaenoptera edeni I I , ___, ,....1...

f I I I I ~"' I I \ \ \ \ \ /....------' 1 ' I ' I ' 1 / r'" \ ' I I \ I '\

Map9

Map 9. Distribution of records for B. edeni. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 47

adjacent adjacent waters: Kogia breviceps pygmy sperm whale (Vietnamese waters; SERENE ，1934) ， Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's beaked whale (Philippine waters; DOLAR ，1994) ， Ziphius Ziphius cavirostris Cuvier's beaked whale (Indonesian waters; DAMMERMAN ，1926) ， Hyperoodon sp. an undescribed species of bottlenosed whale (Indonesian waters; Smeenk ， pers. pers. comm.) ，Grampus Risso's griseus dolphin (Philippine waters; DOLAR ，1994) ， Feresa attenuata attenuata pygmy killer wh a1 e (Philippine waters; DOLAR ，1994) ，La genodelphis hosei Fraser's Fraser's dolphin (Malaysian waters; JEFFERSON & LEATHERWOOD ，1994) ， Balaenoptera acutorostrata acutorostrata minke whale (Taiwanese waters; CHOU ，1994) ， Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale whale (Indonesian waters; FωWER ，1864) ， Balaenoptera physalus fin whale (Indonesian waters; waters; DAMMERMAN ，1938) ，Balaenoptera musculus blue whale (Vietnamese waters ，Mae Kh ong estuary; Nguyen Kh ac Huong ，pers. comm.) ， and Megaptera novaeangliae humpback whale whale (Malaysian waters; PA YNE ET A L.， 1985).

IDENTIFICA TION KEY

The key includes all species documented for Th 泊 waters marked (D) or expected to occur occur in Thai waters marked (E). Common species are marked (C).

1 A. One blowhole ，teeth usually present (fig. 6， lA). Toothed whales.... ・H ・....・ H ・-… 2 B. B. Two blowholes ， baleens present but never teeth ， with long pleats on the ventral

surface surface extending from the snout (fig. 6， lB). Rorquals ， baleen whales... ・H ・...・ ....23

2 A. Blowhole positioned at the tip of left side of the head (fig. 6，2A) ，large animals up to 18 m with bulky heads 114 of tot a1 1ength (fig. 9) ・…

...・ H ・.....・ H ・.....・ H ・.....・ H ・...sperm whale (D) Physeter macrocephalus B. B. Blowhole situated centrally on top of the head (fig. 6，lA) ， small to medium

sized sized animals ， head never exceeding 115 of the total length.... ・H ・...・ H ・.....・ H ・....・ H ・-… 3

3 A. Upper jaw extends prominently over lower jaw ， white bracket marks superficially resembling resembling gill openings just behind the eyes (fig. 6， 3A). Dwarf and pygmy sperm whales...... 4 whales...... 4 B. B. Upper and lower jaw about the same level or lower jaw slightly extending

beyond upper jaw ，no bracket marks (fig. 6，3B). ・...... ・ H ・...・ H ・.....・ H ・...・ H ・-….....・ H ・-… .5

4 A. Teeth present only in the lower jaw ， small dorsal fin (l ess than 5% of the TL)

posteriorly posteriorly on back ， length up to 3 .4 m (白 g. 10).... ・H ・...・ H ・-

…...・ H ・....・ H ・.....・ H ・...pygmy sperm whale (E) Kogia breviceps B. B. Teeth present in both lower and upper jaw ， large dorsal fin (more than 5% of

the the TL) on the center of the back ， length up to 2.7 m (fig. 11) …H

.....・ H ・.....・ H ・..dw 訂 f sperm whale (D) Kogia simus

5 A. Beak present (fig. 6，5A ト...... 6 5B)...... 16 B. Beak absent (fig. 6，5B)...... 16 48 MICHAEL ANo ERSEN AND CARL CHR. KiNZE

6 A. Few teeth (1 or 2 pairs) or no visible teeth. Inconspicoius or no fluke notch

(fig. (fig. 6，6A) ， beaked whales.... ・H ・....・ H ・-…・ H ・H ・-…...・ H ・-…...・ H ・-…・...... ・ H ・-…・ H ・H ・....・ ...7 B. B. Many pairs of teeth (typically more than 15) ， fluke notch present (fig. 6， 6B). ・...... 8 7 Beaked whales belong to the least known cetaceans of the world. Females and juveniles juveniles often lack diagnostic extemal features ， and can only be determined on osteological osteological evidence. The species included here have been selected as 血e most likely likely to occur in the area ， but because of 由e poor state of knowledge other species may occur as well. Beaked whales should if possible always be examined by a specialist specialist and specimens should be secured. The following characters apply to adult males males only.

A. Prominent beak. Gape higWy curved (日 g. 6，7 A) ，2 flat teeth in the middle of

the the lower jaw. Genus Mesoplodon. Teeth are barely visible in 血e gingko ・toothed beaked beaked whale (D) M. gingkodens (fig. 12) and clearly visible in Blainv i1l e's beaked whale whale (E) M. densirostris B. B. In conspecious beak. Gape not curved (fig. 6， 7B). 2 round teeth at the tip of 出e lower lower jaw. Head sometimes white...... …...

・H ・...Cuvier's beaked whale (E) Ziphius cavirostris c. 針。 minent beak and massive forehead. Gape not curved (fig. 6，7 C). 21 紅 geand two smaller round teeth at the tip of the lower jaw ， undescribed …undescribed species of bottlenose whale (E) Hyperoodon sp.

8 A. No demarcation between beak and melon (fig. 6，8A) ，teeth feel rough ...・ H ・.9 B. B. Clear demarcation between beak and melon (fig. 6，3B & 10A) ， teeth feel ...... 10 smooth …...... 10

9 A. Broadly based dorsal fin (fig. 6，9A) ， 29-38 pairs of teeth in upper and lower jaw. jaw. Often of prominent pink color (fig. 13)....

....・ H ・...・ H ・.I ndopacific humpback dolphin (D& C) Sousa chinensis B. B. Falcacte dorsal fin (fig. 6， 9B) 2ι27 阿 rs ofte 仙 in upper and lower jaw. Back and and flanks with clear contrast line between darker and lighter gray. Belly white (fig.

14) …...・ H ・.....・ H ・...・ H ・.....・ H ・-…....・ H ・...・ H ・.rough-toothed dolphin (D) Steno bredanensis

10 10 A. Beak short or very short (fig. 6，10A) ・H ・H ・...... ・ H ・-…....・ H ・-…...・ H ・-…....・ H ・-… .11 10B)...... 12 B. Beak long (fig. 6，10B)...... 12

11 11 A. Very short beak wi 白 38 -44 pairs of teeth in upper and lower jaw ， broad stripe

on 血e flanks (fig. 15)... ・H ・.....

・H ・H ・....・ H ・....・ H ・-… ..Fraser's Dolphin (E) La genodelphis hosei B. B. 18-26 P泊rs of teeth in upper and lower jaw ，no stripe on the flanks (fig. 16)

…...・ H ・. tropical bottlenosed dolphin (D& C) Tursiops aduncus CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 49

12 12 A. Usually more than 50 pairs of teeths in upper and lower jaw. Stripes running

from from eye to anus (fig. 7，12A)..... ・H ・..…...... ・ H ・...... ・ H ・....・ H ・.....・ H ・...・ H ・...・ H ・...・ H ・-… .13 B. B. Usu a1 1y less than 50 pairs of teeth in upper and lower jaw. No stripes on the anks...... 15 f1 anks...... 15 13 13 A. Hourglass shaped criss-cross pattem (fig. 7， 13A) with yellow or olive patch

(Genus (Genus Delphinus) ………… H ・H ・....・ H ・....・ H ・-…...・ H ・.....・ H ・....…・ H ・H ・....・ H ・...... ・ H ・...… .14 B. B. Chevron on 白e f1 anks (白 g. 7，13B ，fig. 17)......

....・ H ・-…...・ H ・....・ H ・...... striped dolphin (0) Stenella coeruleoalba

14 14 Two species of common dolphin are recognised. Delphinus capensis has a longer beak beak and more teeth and a mo 問 faint coloration 白an Delphinus delphis (fig. 18).

15 15 A. Size up to 2 .4 m ， 34-48 pairs of teeth. Faint spotting. Tip of snout white (白 g.

19) …...・ H ・....・ H ・-…...・ H ・....・ H ・H ・H ・....・ H ・..pantropic a1 spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata B. B. Size never exceeding 1. 6m ，41 -4 9 teeth. No spotting. Tip of snout sometimes

black black (fig. 20)... ・H ・-…….....・ H ・....・ H ・-… dwarf spinner dolphin (0) Stenella longirostris

16 16 A. Large anim a1 s with black and white coloration. Males with sword-like dors a1 fin

(日 g. 7， 16A). 10- 12 teeth in each half of upper and lower jaw (白 g.21).. ・H ・...・ H ・..… ...killer ...killer whale (0) Orcinus orca B. B. Small to medium sized animals with more or less uniform dark or black

coloration coloration ..・ H ・.....・ H ・...・ H ・H ・H ・..…...・ H ・.....・ H ・.....・ H ・....・ H ・H ・H ・.....・ H ・...... ・ H ・....・ H ・-… H ・H ・-…・ 17

17 17 A. Head with very steep forehead (fig. 7，17A) …H ・H ・...・ H ・..…...・ H ・...... ・ H ・...・ H ・.18

B. B. Fl at forehead ， head looks more pointed (fig. 7， 17B) ...... ・ H ・....・ H ・.....・ H ・-… ...21

18 18 A. Sm a1 1 anim a1 s less 白血1. 8 m. No dors a1 fin. Prominent area with tubercles on the back. Teeth spatulate (fig. 7，18A ，fig. 22)....

...... ・ H ・....finless porpoise (0 & C) Neophocaena phocoenoides

B. B. L 紅 'ger animals. Oorsal fin presen t. Teeth conic a1 (fig. 7，18B)... ・H ・....・ H ・-…… 19

19 19 A. Forehead with c問 ase (fig. 7， 19A). Few teeth (up to 8) only present in lower jaw

(fig. (fig. 23).... ・H ・-……....・ H ・...... ・ H ・...・ H ・-… H ・H ・.....・ H ・..Ri ssos dolphin (E) Grampus griseus

B. B. Forehead without crease. At least 32 teeth in both jaws …H ・H ・-…・ H ・H ・-… H ・H ・...2

20 A. 7-9 pairs of teeth. Oors a1 fin :Q ri 究he first third of the back ， long pointed flippers

(fig. (fig. 7，20A ，fig. 24)...... ・H ・...・ H ・-… .pilot wh a1 e (0) Globicephala macrorhynchus B. B. 17-20 P泊rs of teeth. OorS a1 fin slightly posterior 血 e center of the bac k， relatively

short short flippers (白 g.25) ….....・ H ・....・ H ・.Irr awaddy dolphin (O& C) Orcaella brevirostris

21 A. Medium sized animals. Fl ipper with hump on leading edge (fig. 7，21A ，fig. 26)

…....・ H ・...・ H ・.f a1 se killer wh a1 e (0) Pseudorca crassidens B. B. Small animals never exeeding 2.7 m. Flipper without hump on leading edge...... 22 edge...... 22 50 M ICHAEL ANDERSEN AND CARL CHR. KINZE

18

G3A c ~

Figures 6-8. Diagnostic characters used in the identification key. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 51

1c 18A ~

0 ftc 19AQ) 16A

180 ~

~~21A 228

Figure 7.

22 A. 8-13 pairs of teeth in each jaw. Tip of flipper rounded (fig. 7, 22A, fig. 27) ...... pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata B. 20-25 pairs of teeth in each jaw. Tip of flipper pointed (fig. 7, 22B, fig. 28), ...... melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra

23 Rorquals Balaenopteridae. So far the only documented extant baleen whale from Thailand is the Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni. The specimens examined have all been relatively small compared with the larger Japanese or South African samples of Bryde's whales. The authors therefore wish to keep the original vernacular name Sittang whale given by Anderson in 1878 for the type specimen representing the Southeast Asian animals.

A. Very long flippers (up to 1/3 of the body length), head with bumps, dorsal fin with hump (fig. 8, 23A) ...... humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae 52 MICHAEL A NDERSEN AND C ARL C HR. KINZE

278 26A 27A

25A 258

Size relationship within the genus c::~ - ---- Balaenoptera B. acutoros trata

B. eden/

B. borealis

Figure 8. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WA TERS 53

B. B. Flippers significantly shorter (1 n of the body length or less) ，neither bumps nor

humps present (fig. 8，23B) ，Genus Balaenoptera... …H ・H ・-…...・ H ・-…...... ・ H ・...・ H ・.24

24 Genus Balaenoptera ， please refer to fig. 23 for size relationship wi 也in 血e genus.

A. Ventral grooves end before navel (fig. 8，25A)... ・H ・-…...... … ...... 25

B. B. Ventral grooves end at or after navel (fig. 8，25B).... ・H ・H ・H ・'"・ H ・...... ・ H ・...・ H ・....26

25 A. Length up to 9 m. Bale 泡ns off-white. Head extremely pointed ，flipper with

whi 飽 patch (fig. 8，25A)... ・H ・-…・ H ・H ・....・ H ・...... ・ H ・..minke whale B. acu ωrostra ω

B. B. Le ngth up to 16 m. Baleens black ， head V shaped... ・H ・-… .sei whale B. borealis

26 A. One central prominent ridge on top of the head and one smaller ridge lateral on each each side (fig. 8，26A) ， baleen brownish ，bristles coarse and short (fig. 29) ・…… Sittang whale (D & c) B. edeni

B. B. Only one prominent ridge (fig. 8，27B).. ・H ・...・ H ・...・ H ・.....・ H ・.....・ H ・....・ H ・...・ H ・...・ ....27

27 A. Coloration on the head symme 凶 cal and unifon 叫y blue grey ， very small dorsal fin fin (about 1% of total length) ， head U-shaped s回 n from above (fig. 8，27 A)... ….

…・ H ・H ・...・ H ・...・ H ・-… blue whale B. musculus B. B. Coloration of rigth side of the head asymme 凶cal. The lower lip ，mouth cavity and and the anterior baleen plates are white. L 紅 ge dorsal fin ， head V -shaped s関 n from

above above (fig. 8，27B) ・H ・H ・-…...・ H ・....・ H ・-…・・ H ・H ・....・ H ・...・ H ・...・ H ・-…・… fin whale B. physalus

ACKNOWLEDGE 勘ffiNTS

This This study received financial support from WWF Denmark ， Hoejgaard Fond ， Boeje Benzons Benzons Stoettefond and H. R. Frederiksen og Grete Siim Frederiksens Fond. The authors wish wish to 血ank the following persons and institutions for giving access to specimens in 出eir C 紅 e or for providing information on specimens: Mr. Sittipun Sirirattanachai and Bang Saen Saen Institute of Marine Science; Dr. Th osapom Wongratana and the History Natural Museum Chulalongkom University; Dr. Suebsin Sontirat and 血e Kasetsart University Museum of Fisheries (formerly College of Fisheries) ， Dr. Piboon Yutisri 組 d 血e Faculty of of Science ，Ka setsart University ， Mr. Pairoj Sirimontapom and the National In stitute of Coω 旬1Aquaculture ，Son 位hla ， Mr. Supot Chandr ョpomsyland 血.e Phuket Marine Biological Center; Center; Dr. Preecha Luecha and the National Reference Collection ，Bangkok; 勘h'. Manoch Roongratri Roongratri and the Eastem .M arine Fisheries Development Center ，Ban Phe; Mr. Weera Pokapunt Pokapunt and the Oceanic Fisheries Division ，Samut Pr akam. Special thanks to Dr. C. Smeenk ， the National Natural History Museum ，Leiden ， the Netherlands for assistance and and for sharing unpublished information with us ， Erling Kra bbe for providing the yet only only evidence of Delphinus capensis 姐 dωNguyen Kh ac Huong ，百le Oceanographic In stiωte ，Nh a Trang Province ，Vietnam. 官 le project was carried out under 官 le National Research Research Council ofτ 'h ailand pennit 58/36. 54 MICHAEL ANDERSEN AND C ARL C HR. KINZE

Figure 9. Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus.

Figure I 0, Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps.

Figure I I. Dwarf sperm whale Kog ia simus. CE T ACE A O F TH A lL AN D AN D A DJ ACEN T WA TE R S 55

F igllr e 12. G in kgo -t oot hedb ea k巴d w hal 巴 M es oplodon gink god e ns

F ig llr e 13. Ind opacific hum pba ck do lp hin SO ll sa chin ensiι

Figlll 巴 14. R Oll ght oo th ed do lphin St eno bredanensis. 56 MICHAEL A NDER SEN AN D C ARL CHR. KINZE

Fi gure 15. Fraser' s dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei.

Figure 16. Tropical bottlenosed dolphin Tursiops aduncus.

Figure 17. Striped dolphin Stene/la coeruleoalba. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND A DJA CENT WATERS 57

Figur 巴 18. Lon g-b eaked com m on dolphin Delp h. in !l

Figur 巴 19. Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata

Figur 巴 20. Dwarf sp inn er dolphin Stenella longirostris 58 MICHAEL A NDERSEN AN D CARL Ci-IR. K!NZE

Fi gure 2 1. Killer whale Orcinus orca.

Figure 22. Finless porpoise Neophocaena phocoenoides.

Figure 23. Ri sso's dolphin Grampus griseus. CET A CE A O FT H A IL AN D AN D A DJ ACEN T W A T E R S S9

Fi gur e 24. Pil ot w hale G lob ice ph ala m ac ror !J Yll chu s

Figur e 25. uT awa dd y dolp hin O rcaell ab revirosl ri s

Figur e 26. Fal se kill er w hale Pse udorca cra ss id ells 60 M ICHAEL ANDERSEN AN D C ARL Cim. K INZE

Figure 27 . Pygmy ki ller whale Feresa attenuata.

Figure 28. Melon-headed whale Peponocepha/a electra.

Fi gure 29. Sittang whale Balaenoptera edeni. CETACEA OF THAILAND AND ADJACENT WATERS 61

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