TOWN OF HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
UPDATE 2015
Etna Highlands Road – July 1, 2013
Prepared by:
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee and Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission
TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. BACKGROUND ...... 1 B. PURPOSE ...... 1 C. HISTORY ...... 1 D. SCOPE OF THE PLAN ...... 2 E. METHODOLOGY ...... 2 F. HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS...... 5 G. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... 5 II. COMMUNITY PROFILE ...... 7 A. INTRODUCTION ...... 7 B. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS ...... 8 III. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION...... 11 A. WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS IN HANOVER? ...... 11 B. DESCRIPTIONS OF HAZARDS ...... 11 Dam Failure ...... 12 Flooding ...... 15 Hurricane ...... 18 Tornado & Downburst ...... 22 Thunderstorms/Lightning/Hail ...... 24 Severe Winter Weather ...... 26 Earthquake ...... 30 Drought ...... 31 Extreme Heat...... 34 Erosion/Landslide ...... 36 Wildfire ...... 37 Natural Water & Air Contaminants ...... 38 Hazardous Materials Spills ...... 41 Terrorism ...... 42 Public Health and Infectious Disease ...... 42 C. HAZARD RISK RATINGS ...... 43 Assessing Probability ...... 43 Assessing Vulnerability ...... 44 Assessing Risk ...... 45
IV. CRITICAL FACILITIES/LOCATIONS ...... 47 V. DETERMINING HOW MUCH WILL BE AFFECTED ...... 50 A. IDENTIFYING VULNERABLE FACILITIES ...... 50 B. IDENTIFYING VULNERABLE SPECIAL POPULATIONS ...... 50 C. POTENTIAL LOSS ESTIMATES ...... 51 Dam Failure – Low – Unknown cost ...... 51 Flooding – Medium/High Risk - $9.2 Million Estimated Cost (not including roads, bridges) ...... 51 Hurricane – Medium/High Risk – $13.2 Million Estimated Cost ...... 51 Tornado & Downburst –Medium/High Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 51 Thunderstorm/Lightning/Hail – Low/Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 52 Severe Winter Weather – Low/Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 52 Earthquake – Low/Medium Risk - $90 million Estimated Cost if All Buildings Impacted ...... 52 Drought – Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 52 Extreme Heat – Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 53 Erosion/Landslide – Low/Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 53 Wildfire – Low Risk – $6.6 Estimated Cost ...... 53 Natural Contaminants – Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 53 Hazardous Material Spills –Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 53 Terrorism –Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 54 Public Health and Infectious Disease– Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost ...... 54 VI. EXISTING MITIGATION & EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS ...... 55 A. EXISTING HAZARD MITIGATION PROGRAMS ...... 55 B. NEW MITIGATION PROGRAMS ...... 61 C. CRITICAL EVALUATION FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING PROGRAMS AND NEW PROGRAMS...... 62 D. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS ...... 66 VII. PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 69 VIII. ADOPTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN ...... 73 A. IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS ...... 73 B. CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT ...... 75
TABLES
Table II-1: AREA POPULATION TRENDS ...... 8 Table II-2: POPULATION GROWTH IN HANOVER ...... 9 Table II-3: POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR HANOVER ...... 9 Table III-1 - DAMS ...... 13 Table III-2: FLOODING...... 16 Table III-3: STRUCTURE VALUES IN 100-YEAR FLOOD AREAS BY TYPE ...... 18 Table III-4: HURRICANES & TROPICAL STORMS ...... 19 Table III-5: TORNADOES IN OR NEAR GRAFTON COUNTY...... 22 Table III-6 FUJITA SCALE ...... 23 Table III-7: LIGHTNING ACTIVITY LEVEL ...... 25 Table III-8: THUNDERSTORMS/LIGHTNING/HAIL ...... 26 Table III-9: SCALED PREDICTIVE ICE STORM AFTERMATH INDEX ...... 27 Table III-10: SEVERE WINTER WEATHER ...... 28 Table III-11: EARTHQUAKES ...... 30 Table III-12 RICHTER SCALE AND MERCALLI INTENSITY ...... 31 Table III-13: DROUGHT ...... 34 Table III-14: HEAT INDEX ...... 35 Table III-15: EXTREME HEAT ...... 35 Table III-16: RADON – LOW/MEDIUM RISK ...... 39 Table III-17: VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING DEVELOPED AREAS...... 44 Table IV-1: EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES, SERVICES & STRUCTURES ...... 47 Table IV-2: NON-EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES AND SERVICES ...... 48 Table IV-3: FACILITIES AND POPULATIONS TO PROTECT ...... 48 Table IV-4: HAZARD-PRONE AREAS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL ...... 49 Table V-1: VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING DEVELOPED AREAS ...... 50 Table V-2: VULNERABILITY OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ...... 50 Table VI-1: EXISTING MITIGATION PROGRAMS & PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS ...... 55 Table VI-2: ROAD & BRIDGE PROJECTS ...... 59 Table VI-3: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH TOPICS ...... 60 Table VI-4: COMMITTEE ASSESSMENT FOR NEW HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIONS...... 61 Table VI-5: PROPOSED NEW MITIGATION ACTIONS ...... 62
Table VI-6: PRIORITIZING EXISTING PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS AND NEW MITIGATION STRATEGIES ...... 63 Table VI-7: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS ...... 66 Table VII-1: PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR EXISTING PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS...... 69
FIGURES Figure III-1: HAIL SIZE COMPARISON CHART ...... 24 Figure III-2: DROUGHT MAPS ...... 33 Figure III-3: MAP OF RADON ZONES ...... 40
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Technical Resources Appendix B: Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grants Appendix C: Meeting Documentation Appendix D: Map of Hazard Areas and Critical Facilities Appendix E: Town Adoption & FEMA Approvals of Hazard Mitigation Plan
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
I. INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUND
The New Hampshire Department of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (NH HSEM) has a goal for all communities within the State of New Hampshire to establish local hazard mitigation plans as a means to reduce future losses from natural or man- made hazard events before they occur. The NH HSEM has provided funding to the Town of Hanover, to update their local Hazard Mitigation Plan. UVLSRPC wrote the first Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan that was approved in 2009. The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 serves as a strategic planning tool for use by the Town of Hanover in its efforts to reduce future losses from natural and/or man-made hazard events before they occur.
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee updated the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan with the assistance and professional services of the Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission (UVLSRPC). After a public meeting held in the Hanover Town Offices, the Hanover Town Selectboard adopted the updated plan on DATE as shown in Appendix F.
B. PURPOSE
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 is a planning tool for use by the Town of Hanover in its efforts to reduce future losses from natural and/or human-made hazards. This plan does not constitute a section of the Town Master Plan, nor is it adopted as part of the Zoning Ordinance.
C. HISTORY
On October 30, 2000, President Clinton signed into law the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). The ultimate purpose of DMA 2000 is to:
Establish a national disaster mitigation program that will reduce loss of life and property, human suffering, economic disruption, and disaster assistance costs resulting from disasters, and Provide a source of pre-disaster mitigation funding that will assist States and local governments in accomplishing that purpose.
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DMA 2000 amends the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act by, among other things, adding a new section: 322 – Mitigation Planning. This places new emphasis on local mitigation planning. It requires local governments to prepare and adopt jurisdiction-wide hazard mitigation plans as a condition to receiving Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) project grants. Local governments must review and if necessary, update the mitigation plan annually to continue program eligibility. It must be updated every five years.
Why develop a Mitigation Plan? Planning ahead to lessen or prevent a disaster will reduce the human, economic, and environmental costs. The State of NH is vulnerable to many types of hazards, including floods, hurricanes, winter storms, wildfires, wind events, and earthquakes. All of these types of events can have significant economic, environmental, and social impacts. The full cost of the damage resulting from the impact of natural hazards – personal suffering, loss of lives, disruption of the economy, and loss of tax base – is difficult to quantify and measure, but it can be substantial.
D. SCOPE OF THE PLAN
The scope of the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 includes the identification of natural and human-made hazards affecting the Town, as identified by the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee. The hazards were reviewed under the following categories as outlined in the State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013:
Dam Failure Severe Winter Weather Wildfire Flooding Earthquake Natural Contaminants Hurricane Drought Hazardous Materials Spill Tornado & Downburst Extreme Heat Terrorism Thunderstorm/Lightning/Hail Erosion/Landslide Public Health & Infect Disease
E. METHODOLOGY
Using the Local Mitigation Planning Handbook by FEMA (2013), the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee, in conjunction with the UVLSRPC, developed the content of the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 by tailoring the nine-task process set forth in the guidebook appropriate for the Town of Hanover. Many FEMA resources and multiple State and Federal websites were also used as well. The Committee held a total of five meetings in 2013 and 2014. The final meeting was posted inviting the general public join in the planning process and an e-mail invitation was sent to the Municipal Offices and known department heads of neighboring communities to invite municipal officials. No public or neighboring towns responded to the invitations.
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The following hazard mitigation meetings were vital to the development of this Plan:
December 10, 2013 January 14, 2014 January 28, 2014 February 11, 2014 September 12, 2014
To complete this updated Plan, the Hazard Mitigation Committee followed the following planning tasks to re-evaluate the plan sections of the existing 2009 plan and to update it to reflect current information and issues:
Task 1: Determine the Planning Area and Resource (December 2013) Hanover chose to continue their planning process as a single town and work with the Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission to provide technical support.
Task 2: Build the Planning Team (December 2013) Members of the Committee included relevant personnel as well as any interested citizens. This included a Town Manager and the Department of Public Works Director to represent municipal organizations with general and land use planning authority.
Task 3: Create an Outreach Strategy (December 2013) The Committee chose to provide public notices to the public to encourage participation at the public meetings. They also put a notice on the town website. Notices were also sent to each of the neighboring municipal department heads to invite them to participate in the meetings, send comments, or request a final plan. The final plan will also be available for public review prior to adoption.
Task 4: Review Community Capabilities (December 2013) Committee members identified facilities that were considered to be of value to the Town for emergency management purposes, for provision of utilities and services, and for historic, cultural and social value. A GIS-generated map was prepared to show critical facilities identified by the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee. A summary listing of “Critical Facilities” is presented in Chapter IV. Costs were determined for losses for each type of hazard where possible. Using information and activities in the handbook, the Committee and UVLSRPC staff identified existing mitigation strategies which are already implemented in the Town related to relevant hazards. A summary chart and the results of this activity are presented in Chapter VI.
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Task 5: Conduct a Risk Assessment (January 2014): The Committee determined natural and human-made hazards affecting the Town and updated a description, location, and extent of those previous and potential hazards. Existing and future assets were updated to determine vulnerability to potential hazard events. Critical facilities needed during an emergency were identified and given values based on tax data. It was also determined if these facilities are in a hazard zone or not. Other facilities identified are those needed to continue the daily operation of the municipality and those that have dense populations or valued historical structures and vulnerable natural areas.
Task 6: Develop a Mitigation Strategy (January 2014): The Committee evaluated the goals in the previous plan and determined they were still appropriate. They then determined actions that they could take to meet those goals to reduce their risk to hazard events. They discussed existing regulations, ordinances, and the Master Plan and how they could continue to incorporate hazard mitigation strategies into these documents to include hazard mitigation in land use planning. Committee members agreed to pursue this integration with appropriate municipal boards.
Task 7: Keep the Plan Current: The plan will be reviewed after every major event to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan. It will also be updated at least every five years as required.
Task 8: Review and Adopt the Plan: The Committee will incorporate any feedback from Committee members, municipal officials, residents, businesses and institutions, and neighboring communities. The plan will be assessed by using FEMA’s Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool prior to sending to NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management for preliminary review. If HSEM considers the plan to meet the requirements, they will forward the draft plan to FEMA for their review. Once FEMA determines the plan meets requirements, the municipality will hold a public meeting to obtain further comments and review the final draft. If there are no major suggested changes, the municipal government will adopt the plan and the adoption form will be sent to HSEM and then to FEMA to receive a final approval of the plan.
Task 9: Create a Safe and Resilient Community: The municipality will implement the plan by committing to task accomplishment as indicated in the plan. The municipality will take advantage of available funding opportunities such as FEMA’s mitigation grant programs. The process for monitoring and updating the Plan can be found in Chapter VIII.
UVLSRPC staff compiled the results of tasks one through nine in a draft document, as well as helpful and informative materials from the State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013, which served as a resource for the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015.
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F. HAZARD MITIGATION GOALS
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the hazard mitigation goals set forth in the previous Hazard Mitigation Plan and revised them as follows:
1. To identify, introduce and implement cost effective Hazard Mitigation measures so as to accomplish the Town’s goals and to raise awareness and acceptance of hazard mitigation opportunities generally.
2. To improve upon the protection of the general population, the citizens, and visitors of the Town of Hanover from natural and human-made hazards.
3. To reduce the potential impact of natural and human-made disasters to: . the Town of Hanover’s Critical Support Services, . Critical Facilities in the Town of Hanover, . the Town of Hanover’s infrastructure, . private property, . the Town’s economy, . the Town’s natural environment, and . the Town’s specific historic features and interests.
4. To improve the Town’s Disaster Response and Recovery capability as a hazard mitigation strategy to be prepared for emergencies and reduce their impact.
5. To plan necessary investments in the infrastructure in the Town of Hanover to as a hazard mitigation strategy.
G. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following people participated in developing the update of this plan as the Hazard Mitigation Committee:
Julia Griffin, Town of Hanover Town Manager Ryan Borkowski, Town of Hanover Building Inspector Michael Evans, Town of Hanover Police Lieutenant
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Donald Ware, Town of Hanover Utility Engineer Peter Kulbacki, Town of Hanover Director of Public Works E. Douglas Hackett, Town of Hanover Communications Coordinator Michael Hinsley, Town of Hanover Fire Captain
Paul Hatch, Field Representative, NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Victoria Davis, Planner, Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission Adam Ricker, Assistant Planner, Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission
The Hazard Mitigation Committee was composed of local officials, citizens of Hanover and staff representatives of the UVLSPRC for meeting facilitation and plan development. Neighboring communities were invited by e-mail to participate, submit comments, and request copies of the final plan. They were provided with the date of the final meeting as well as a link to view the current 2009 plan. This notice was provided one month in advance of the meeting. The general public was invited to attend the final meeting by public postings at the town office bulletin boards and on the town website. These were posted over 14 days prior to the meeting date. No neighboring municipalities or Hanover citizens inquired about the update process or attended any of the meetings and no comments were submitted to be incorporated into the plan. Dartmouth College was notified through the public notice, as all employers in town were, however, the college did not have any active participants.
Historical information, relevant data and potential future mitigation strategies were contributed by all parties involved in the planning process. For a record of all meeting topics see Appendix C: Meeting Documentation. The staff representatives of the UVLSRPC gathered all information from local officials, agency representatives and public input and compiled the information to develop the Plan.
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II. COMMUNITY PROFILE
A. INTRODUCTION1
Located in the upper portion of the Connecticut River Valley, Hanover is situated just north of the confluence of the Connecticut, Mascoma, and White Rivers. The Town is divided longitudinally into four general regions: relatively flat terrace by the river, hilly uplands, the Moose Mountain Ridge, and poorly drained lowlands to the east of Moose Mountain.
Hanover’s surface water resources include: the Connecticut River, Goose Pond, Occum Pond, Storrs Pond, Hanover Reservoirs, Mink Brook, and numerous other small brooks. Although Hanover is entirely within the Connecticut River watershed, only some of the Town’s surface waters, such as Mink Brook and Slade Brook, drain directly into the Connecticut.
Hanover’s floodplains are located along many of the Town’s brooks as well as the Connecticut River and are shown on the Town’s Flood Insurance Rate Maps. Residential development has occurred in the past on Hanover’s floodplains on Route 10, areas along River Road, and as scattered homes in the Mink Brook watershed. Hanover’s regulations now restrict development within the 100- year floodplain.
Of Hanover’s 31,232 acres, water bodies cover 2.4 percent, or 746 acres. Over 2,600 acres (approximately 8 percent) of the land area of the Town can be considered wetland based on soil types. Approximately 80 percent of the total land area in Hanover is covered in forest. The town has a total of 19,446 acres in current use.2
1 Town of Hanover Master Plan (2003)
2 NH Department of Revenue Administration: Summary Inventory of Valuation Form MS-1 for 2012.
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B. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
The physical development pattern of Hanover consists of “identifiable focal areas of historic settlement, such as the urban area, Hanover Center, and Etna Village, set in a human-created rural landscape.”3 The Town of Hanover and its residents desire to plan land use according to its natural capabilities, directing development towards suitable lands and away from “constrained” land such as wetlands, heavily vegetated steep slopes, and lands of high natural resource value. Town regulations direct development away from areas most vulnerable to natural hazards.
The Master Plan describes the difficulties in projecting future population and development trends due to the uncertainties introduced by “a large College student population, Hanover’s increasing popularity as a retirement community, and the major influence of two large regional employers, Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center.” Currently, the college has approximately 4,250 employees and 6,000 students and increasing. However, the Plan notes that given the building plans for both the College and the Medical Center over the next ten years, there is likely to be “steady new housing demand.” One of the principal policies stated in the Master Plan, however, is to direct growth “to maintain the current population balance between rural Hanover (25%) and the area served by municipal water and sewer service (75%). To this end, the Town is very engaged in redevelopment of the downtown and preservation of rural areas.
Population projections show little growth in the Town of Hanover. This coupled with the regulations guiding development away from hazardous areas makes it unlikely that there will be additional growth in any of the hazard areas; therefore, the vulnerability of the town remains the same.
Table II-1: AREA POPULATION TRENDS Area 1980 1990 2000 2010
Hanover 9,119 9,212 10,850 11,260 Lebanon 11,134 12,191 12,571 13,151 Lyme 1,289 1,496 1,679 1,716 Canaan 2,456 3,045 3,319 3,909 Grafton County 65,806 74,929 81,743 89,118 New Hampshire 920,475 1,109,252 1,235,786 1,315,000
3 Hanover Master Plan
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Source: US Census
Table II-2: POPULATION GROWTH IN HANOVER 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population 9,119 9,212 10,850 11,260 Decade Change in Population .10% 1.65% 3.8% Source: 1980 – 2010 US Censuses
Table II-3: POPULATION PROJECTIONS FOR HANOVER Area 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Hanover 11,043 10,990 11,183 11,319 11,398 11,429 Change in Population 5 yrs. -1.9% -0.5% 1.8% 1.2% 0.7% 0.3% Change in Population 10 yrs. -2.4% 3.0% 1.0% Source: State of New Hampshire, Regional Planning Commissions, Office of Energy and Planning - County Population Projections, 2013
Development Activity in Hanover 2009-2013
Development activity in Hanover has re-bounded since the recession. Issuance of building permits has remained fairly steady over the past four years. In that time there have been fewer than ten new single- or two- family homes permitted each year. The bulk of building activity has been taking place in additions, maintenance and alterations to existing one- and two- family homes. There has been a decline in the creation of new institutional buildings and an increase in the additions and alterations to and maintenance of existing institutional buildings. It is important to note, that regulations in Hanover do not allow building in the 100-Year Floodplain to mitigate development in vulnerable areas.
The number of commercial building and zoning permits has increased significantly since the 2009 doldrums.
New lot creation in Hanover has been very slow. Minor subdivisions (less than four lots) have been taking place all over town. The few major subdivisions that occurred in 2009 and 2010 did not result in new building lots; instead there have been projects such as, an apartment building subdivided into 6 residential condominiums, or a single lot with four existing residences being subdivided into separate lots each with an existing residence.
Since 2009, there have been 9 projects involving land in the floodplain. These are: - Remediation of erosion at Hole #13 at the Hanover Country Club and along Girl Brook in Pine Park - Reconfiguration of the existing rowing dock at Dartmouth College
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- Two permits allowing dredging and restoration at Hewes Brook - A new crew dock at Wilson’s Landing - A new seasonal swim dock at Dartmouth College - An ADA accessible path to the new seasonal swim dock at Dartmouth College - Modifications to the new seasonal swim dock at Dartmouth College - Emergency stabilization of the high bridge crossing the Girl Brook Valley at Hanover Country Club and Pine Park.
Development Activity in Hanover, NH 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Building Permits New 1 and 2 family 8 8 3 5 6 -Addition, alterations, maintenance 149 258 234 227 311 New multi-family, additions, alterations 24 29 34 39 40 New institutional buildings 3 3 3 0 0 - Addition, alterations, maintenance 28 38 43 48 69 New commercial, additions, alterations 33 61 59 106 102 Demolition 13 9 16 12 14 Blanket 1 95 33 120 41 TOTAL 259 501 425 557 583
Zoning Permits Residential 238 346 310 316 367 Commercial 76 123 113 174 140 Institutional 37 45 48 92 60 Miscellaneous - - 41 27 103 Wetland Administrative Permits - - - 3 0 Total 351 514 512 612 670
Subdivisions Minor subdivision 2 0 3 5 3 Major subdivision 3 5 0 0 0
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III. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed the list of hazards provided in the State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013, and some hazard history for the State of New Hampshire and Grafton County in particular. A list of past hazard events in Hanover, Grafton County, and the State of New Hampshire can be found in the following discussion and tables. After reviewing this information and the Emergency Operations Plan, the Committee conducted a Risk Assessment. The resulting risk designations are provided in the heading of each hazard table below as well as a more detailed discussion further into this chapter.
A. WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS IN HANOVER?
Hanover is prone to a variety of natural and human-made hazards. The hazards that Hanover is most vulnerable to were determined through gathering historical knowledge of long-time residents and town officials; research into the CRREL Ice Jam Database, FEMA and NOAA documented disasters, and local land use restrictions; and from the input of representatives from state agencies (NH HSEM). The hazards potentially affecting the Town of Hanover are dam failure, flooding, hurricane, tornado & downburst, thunderstorm (including lightning and hail), severe winter weather, earthquake, drought, extreme heat, erosion, landslide, wild and structure fire, natural contaminants, hazardous materials spills, terrorism and ice jams. Each of these hazards and the past occurrences of these hazards are described in the following sections. Hazards that were eliminated from assessment are those that have not had a direct impact on the Town of Hanover and are not anticipated to have an impact as determined by the Hazard Mitigation Planning Committee, representatives from state agencies and citizens of the Town of Hanover. Eliminated hazards include Land Subsidence, Expansive Soils, and Snow Avalanches.
B. DESCRIPTIONS OF HAZARDS
An assessment of each hazard relevant to Hanover is provided below. An inventory of previous and potential hazards is provided. Past events are shown in the following tables and the potential for future events is then discussed. The “risk” designation for each hazard was determined after evaluations discussed later in this chapter.
Dam Failure Severe Winter Weather Wildfire Flooding Earthquake Natural Contaminants
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Hurricane Drought Hazardous Materials Spill Tornado & Downburst Extreme Heat Terrorism Thunderstorm/Lightning/Hail Erosion/Landslide Public Health & Infect Disease
Dam Failure
Dam failure results in rapid loss of water that is normally held by the dam. These kinds of floods pose a significant threat to both life and property. Appendix D shows the location of active dams and potential inundation areas in Hanover.
NH DES assigns a hazard designation to each dam in the state depending upon the potential damage it would cause if the dam failed:
A “high hazard potential” is indicated if the dam is in a location and of a size that failure or mis-operation of the dam would result in the following: major economic loss to structures or property; structural damage to roads; major environmental; or public health losses; and probable loss of human life.
A “significant hazard potential” would mean the dam is in a location and of a size that failure or mis-operation of the dam would result in any of the following: major economic loss to structures or property; structural damage to roads; major environmental or public health losses.
A “low” hazard dam failure could cause some structural damage to buildings and roads.
A “non-menace” dam failure would not cause any significant damage.
“High” and Significant” hazard potential dam owners must provide NH DES with maps of the potential inundation area if the dam were to fail. It should be noted that there are some exemptions from this requirement such as lagoons.
Past Dam Failure Events
There have been no dam failures within the Town of Hanover or outside the town that would have affected the town.
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Table III-1 - DAMS Dam # Class Dam Name Water Body Owner Status Impound- Height Drainage (Now or Formerly) ment Area of Area in in Acres Dam Square (Ft) Miles 108.38 NM Scott Pond UNNAMED STREAM Marjorie T. Scott ACTIVE 0.100 12.00 0.01 108.23 NM Fire pond TR SLADE BROOK Neil Fox ACTIVE 0.110 6.00 0.13 108.29 NM Wildlife pond TR HEWES BROOK unknown ACTIVE 0.250 6.00 0.05 108.10 NM Farm pond NATURAL SWALE Ellen Duke ACTIVE 0.250 6.00 0.00 108.26 Recreation pond NATURAL SWALE Errkkinen NOT BUILT 0.000 6.00 0.10 108.27 NM Recreation pond NATURAL SWALE Michael & Elizabeth Mayor ACTIVE 0.500 14.00 0.05 108.05 H Lower Reservoir Dam CAMP BROOK Town of Hanover ACTIVE 43.000 33.00 1.86 108.06 H Upper Reservoir Dam CAMP BROOK Town of Hanover ACTIVE 35.000 30.00 0.96 108.14 H Hanover Center Res Dam NORTH BRANCH MINK BROOK Town of Hanover ACTIVE 33.000 30.00 1.80 108.01 Girl Brook Dam GIRL BROOK Town of Hanover RUINS 0.000 0.00 0.60 108.31 NM Fire pond TR MINK BROOK Walker Weed ACTIVE 0.400 13.00 0.08 108.16 NM Farm pond UNNAMED STREAM Peter Edson ACTIVE 0.300 10.00 0.01 108.12 NM Farm pond NATURAL SWALE Elaine A. Bent ACTIVE 0.310 6.00 0.01 108.19 NM Farm pond MINK BROOK Clement Thornton ACTIVE 1.000 6.00 4.80 108.09 NM Tr Mink Brook Dam TR MINK BROOK Agnar Pytte ACTIVE 1.800 18.00 0.69 108.18 NM Wildlife pond UNNAMED STREAM Andrew Steward ACTIVE 1.630 10.00 0.15 108.08 Mink Brook IV Dam WEST BRANCH MINK BROOK Archie B. Gile RUINS 2.000 12.00 1.97 108.36 NM Miller Dam NATURAL SWALE Matthew & Elizabeth Marshall ACTIVE 0.250 4.00 0.15 108.04 Mink Brook III Dam MINK BROOK Myron Trumbell RUINS 0.000 9.00 4.10 108.22 NM Farm pond UNNAMED STREAM Andrew Stewart ACTIVE 1.000 12.00 0.10 108.03 Mink Brook II Dam MINK BROOK Alvin Poland RUINS 0.000 12.00 4.50 108.13 NM Farm pond NATURAL SWALE Dorothy Campion Corcoran ACTIVE 0.160 10.00 0.01 108.02 Mink Brook I Dam MINK BROOK WH Hart RUINS 0.000 12.00 4.90 108.35 Blodgett Dam TR MINK BROOK Putnam Blodgett EXEMPT 0.330 3.00 0.05 108.15 NM Farm pond NATURAL SWALE Lester Smith ACTIVE 0.200 12.00 0.01 108.11 NM Fire pond NATURAL SWALE John Sibley, MD ACTIVE 0.370 6.00 0.04 108.20 NM Wildlife pond NATURAL SWALE Kenneth Berger ACTIVE 1.500 9.00 0.02 108.17 NM Farm pond UNNAMED STREAM Bob Williams ACTIVE 0.250 10.00 0.03 108.07 S Storrs Pond Dam CAMP BROOK Hanover Improvement Soc. ACTIVE 16.000 34.00 3.00 108.33 NM Carne Pond Dam TR MASCOMA RIVER Stanley Crane ACTIVE 0.600 8.00 0.30
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Dam # Class Dam Name Water Body Owner Status Impound- Height Drainage (Now or Formerly) ment Area of Area in in Acres Dam Square (Ft) Miles 108.30 L Richardson Rec Pond Dam TR COMP BROOK John Richardson, Jr. ACTIVE 1.900 13.20 0.00 108.28 L Baughman Fire Pond Dam TR MINK BROOK Richard D. Baughman ACTIVE 1.500 12.30 0.06 108.43 L Kemp Rec Pond Dam UNNAMED STREAM K. Thomas Kemp ACTIVE 1.000 28.00 0.00 108.45 L Ferson Pond Dam TR HEWES BRK Barbara Hutchings ACTIVE 11.000 7.00 0.31 108.47 Chase Fields Det Pond 8A RUNOFF Trustees Dartmouth College EXEMPT 0.000 4.75 0.05 108.46 Chase Fields Det Basin 6A RUNOFF Trustees Dartmouth College EXEMPT 0.000 4.40 0.03 108.44 NM Prescott Det Pond RUNOFF Baxter C. Prescott ACTIVE 0.250 10.00 0.01 108.42 NM Benn Aesthetic Pond UNNAMED STREAM Bernard Benn ACTIVE 0.060 8.00 0.01 108.41 NM Slate Pond SLATE BROOK James S. Kennedy ACTIVE 3.700 9.00 0.20 108.40 NM Browning Quarry Ret Pond UNNAMED STREAM Browning Engineering ACTIVE 1.000 12.90 0.01 108.39 NM Reinhard Pond UNNAMED STREAM Stella Reinhart ACTIVE 0.200 5.00 0.01 108.37 NM Mills Pond UNNAMED STREAM M&M John Mills ACTIVE 0.500 7.00 0.01 108.34 NM Bimba Fire Pond Dam NATURAL SWALE M&M Bimba ACTIVE 0.330 17.00 0.18 108.32 NM Wildlife pond TR MINK BROOK Lucy R Karl ACTIVE 0.240 13.00 0.15 108.25 NM Fire pond UNNAMED STREAM Mary K Beech ACTIVE 0.130 15.00 0.08 108.21 NM Farm pond TR CONNECTICUT RIVER Samuel Doyle MD ACTIVE 0.840 10.00 0.10 108.24 Stout Fire pond dam NATURAL SWALE Andrew V Stout NOT BUILT 0.200 10.00 0.12 Class of potential hazard: NM – non-menace; L-low; S-significant Source: NH DES Material: T-timber; S-stone; E-earth; C-concrete
Potential Future Dam Failure Damage
Although there are 47 dams in Hanover (two not built at time of inventory), there are three “high” and one “significant” hazard dams within town. There are three “low hazard potential” dams. All active dams and potential dam inundation areas are shown on a map in Appendix D.
Outside the Town of Hanover, the Moore and Comerford Dams on the Connecticut River could impact the town in the event of a dam failure.
The Committee determined that the Dam Failure risk in Hanover to be low.
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Flooding
Flooding is the temporary overflow of water onto lands that are not normally covered by water. Flooding results from the overflow of major rivers and tributaries, storm surges, and inadequate local drainage. Floods can cause loss of life, property damage, crop/livestock damage, and water supply contamination, and can disrupt travel routes on roads and bridges.
Floods in the Hanover area are most likely to occur in the spring due to the increase in rainfall, snowmelt and ice flow; however, floods can occur at any time of the year. A sudden winter thaw or a major summer downpour can cause flooding. Floodplains indicate areas potentially affected by flooding. There are several types of flooding.
100-Year Floods The term “100-year flood” does not mean that flooding will occur once every 100 years, but is a statement of probability to describe how one flood compares to others that are likely to occur. What it actually means is that there is a one percent chance of a flood in any given year. These areas were mapped for all towns in New Hampshire by FEMA. Appendix D displays the “Special Flood Hazards Areas.”
River Ice Jams Ice forming in riverbeds and against structures presents significant hazardous conditions storm waters encounter these ice formations which may create temporary dams. These dams may create flooding conditions where none previously existed (i.e., as a consequence of elevation in relation to normal floodplains). Additionally, there is the impact of the ice itself on structures such as highway and railroad bridges. Large masses of ice may push on structures laterally and/or may lift structures not designed for such impacts. A search on the Cold Regions Research and Environmental Laboratory (CRREL) did not reveal any historical ice jams.
Rapid Snow Pack Melt Warm temperatures and heavy rains cause rapid snowmelt. Quickly melting snow coupled with moderate to heavy rains are prime conditions for flooding.
Severe Storms Flooding associated with severe storms can inflict heavy damage to property. Heavy rains during severe storms are a common cause of inland flooding.
Beaver Dams and Lodging Flooding associated with beaver dams and lodging can cause road flooding or damage to property.
Bank Erosion and Failure As development increases, changes occur that increase the rate and volume of runoff, and accelerate the natural geologic erosion process. Erosion typically occurs at the outside of river bends and sediment deposits in low velocity areas at the insides of bends. Resistance to erosion is dependent on the riverbank’s protective cover, such as vegetation or rock riprap, or its soils and stability. Roads and bridges are also susceptible to erosion.
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Past Flooding Events
The Committee determined there are no other flood areas in the town other than the FEMA designated flood zones. Appendix D shows the special flood hazard areas of Special Flood Hazard Areas. The following tables provide a list of floods in the State, County, and Hanover. Other flooding issues are listed in the Erosion section—primarily for roads. Flooding occurs during hurricanes and tropical storms due to the torrential rains associated with such weather events, as was experience during Tropical Storm Irene and Hurricane Sandy throughout the region and New England. Specifically, during Tropical Storm Irene, Hanover experienced damages that are noted in Table III-4. Following Hurricane Sandy, Hanover received $16,560.48 in public assistance to clean up debris in many areas around town caused by high waters and flooding.
Table III-2: FLOODING FLOODING Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages Cheshire, Carroll, Grafton, Flood / FEMA Disaster Declaration # 789- DR (Presidentially Declared Hillsborough, Merrimack, $4,888,889 in Severe April 16, 1987 Disaster). Flooding of low-lying areas along river caused by Rockingham, & Sullivan damage. Storm snowmelt and intense rain. Counties Belknap, Carroll, Cheshire, Coos, Grafton, Hillsborough, FEMA Disaster Declaration # 876. Flooding caused by a series $2,297,777 in Flood August 7-11, 1990 Merrimack & Sullivan of storm events with moderate to heavy rains. damage. Counties, NH Flood Ice jam (CRREL) which formed near a bend caused road (Ice March 26, 1992 Cold River, Acworth Unknown flooding. Ice was removed by State equipment. Jam) Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Rockingham, FEMA Disaster Declaration # 1144- DR. Flooding caused by $2,341,273 in Flood October 29, 1996 Strafford & Sullivan Counties, heavy rains. damage. NH Cheshire, Grafton, Merrimack, FEMA Disaster Declaration # 1610. Severe storms and $3,000,000 in Flood October 7-18, 2005 Sullivan, and Hillsborough flooding; major devastation in Alstead damages. Counties, NH Grafton, Hillsborough, Flood October-November 2005 Merrimack, Rockingham, FEMA Disaster Declaration # DR-1144- NH Unknown Strafford & Sullivan counties FEMA Disaster Declaration # 1695. Severe storms and $27,000,000 in Flood April 16, 2007 All counties, NH flooding; 2,005 home owners and renters applied for assistance damages
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FLOODING Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages in NH.
Central and Southern NH; Severe storms, Counties Declared: Belknap, Flood July 24, 2008 FEMA DR 1782 tornado, and Carroll, Merrimack, flooding Rockingham, and Strafford $3 million in Central Northern NH; public Flood August 14, 2008 Counties Declared: Belknap, FEMA Disaster Declaration #1787 assistance; Carroll, Coos, and Grafton primary damage to roads FEMA DR-1913; severe storms & flooding; Declared Counties: 75% federal Flood March 14-31, 2010 Statewide Hillsborough and Rockingham Counties match $1.8 million in public FEMA-4006-DR Federal assistance for Coos and Grafton assistance; Flood May 26-30, 2011 Coos and Grafton Counties Counties and hazard mitigation statewide primary impact to roads and bridges $3,070,273 in Flood May 29-31, 2012 Cheshire County FEMA DR-4065; severe storm and flood event public assist. Grafton, Sullivan and $6,252,800 in Flood June 26-July 3, 2013 FEMA DR-4139; severe storms, flooding, and landslides Cheshire Counties public assist.
Hanover became a participating member of the National Flood Insurance Program on July 3, 1987. Updated maps and flood insurance studies for all municipalities within Grafton County were finalized in February 20, 2008. There are currently 30 single family residential policies, two 2-4 family residential policies, and one non-residential policy in the town with $7,766,900 of insurance. However, flood insurance purchase is not a reflection of the number of structures within the flood plain. One loss claim has been paid for a total of $4,333; there have not been any repetitive loss claims made. (Source: NH OEP office, August 2014)
Hanover’s 100-Year Special Flood Areas are located within the A and AE Zone, with no base flood elevations determined in the flood insurance study. See Appendix D for a map showing all Special Flood Hazard Areas. There is one non-compliant structure in the Town of Hanover according to the NH Floodplain Insurance Program State Coordinator (July 2014). This structure is considered a 1 minus rated policy which indicates that the lowest floor is below base flood elevation. The Town is aware of this structure and
17 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 questions if it is actually in the floodplain. Future discussions between the Town and the State Coordinator will occur to make a final determination.
As an NFIP participant, the Town of Hanover has a floodplain ordinance which does not permit new buildings or substantial improvements to structures within the special floodplains to protect the flow of flood waters and not increase the needed land area for those waters. The Town adopted floodplain management ordinance which is incorporated into their zoning ordinance last amended May 2014. This ordinance is reflected in the subdivision regulations and site plan review regulations. The Town’s 2003 Master Plan cites the importance of floodplain protection and restricting future development in those areas. The Plan also mentions the need to protect steep slopes to prevent erosion.
Potential Future Flooding Events
Future flooding is likely as noted in the above table based upon local knowledge of past flood events. There are currently 96 properties located within the FEMA determined 100-year flood areas. The total structural value of these properties is $32,803,200. The value for residential units was determined by identifying the number of structures in the floodplain and using the average assessed residential value obtained from the Hanover Assessor. Also included in the floodplain properties is the canoe club and boat storage.
There are a total of 25 state and town owned bridges with the flood plain. The values for these structures are undetermined. The Committee determined flooding is a medium/high risk in Hanover.
Table III-3: STRUCTURE VALUES IN 100-YEAR FLOOD AREAS BY TYPE Properties Flood Zone # Value Zone A and AE 96 $32,803,200
Hurricane
A hurricane is an intense tropical weather system with a well-defined circulation and maximum sustained winds of 74 mph (64 knots) or higher. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral around a relative calm center known as the "eye." The "eye" is generally 20 to 30 miles wide, and the storm may extend outward 400 miles. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring torrential rains, high winds, and storm surges. A single hurricane can last for more than 2 weeks over open waters and can run a path across the entire length of the eastern seaboard. August and September are peak months during the hurricane season that lasts from June 1 through November 30. Damage resulting from winds of this force can be substantial, especially considering the duration of the event, which may last for many hours (NH Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013; FEMA website).
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The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale provides categories of sustained winds by miles per hour: 1 – 74-95 mph; 2 – 96-110 mph; 3 – 111-129 mph; 4 – 130 – 156 mph; and 5 – 157 mph or higher. Categories 3 -5 are considered to be major wind events that can cause devastating to catastrophic damage. Past Hurricane Events
There have been several hurricanes over the years which have impacted New England and New Hampshire. These are listed below. Notably, the damage caused in Hanover at the time of Tropical Storm Irene and Hurricane Sandy was caused by the flooding associated with the torrential rains brought with the storm systems.
Table III-4: HURRICANES & TROPICAL STORMS HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages Hurricane August, 1635 n/a Unknown October 18-19, Unknown Hurricane n/a Winds 40-75 mph 1778 Hurricane October 9, 1804 n/a Unknown September 23, Unknown Gale n/a Winds > 50mph 1815 Hurricane September 8, 1869 n/a Unknown Unknown Flooding caused damage to road network and structures. 13 deaths, 494 injured September 21, Southern New throughout NH. Disruption of electric and telephone services for weeks. 2 Hurricane 1938 England Billion feet of marketable lumber blown down. Total storm losses of $12,337,643 (1938 dollars). 186 mph maximum winds.
Unknown Hurricane Southern New Category 3, winds 111-130 mph. Extensive tree and crop damage in NH, localized August 31, 1954 (Carol) England flooding
Unknown Category 3 in Massachusetts. This Hurricane moved off shore but still cost 21 Hurricane September 11, Southern New lives and $40.5 million in damages throughout New England. Following so close (Edna) 1954 England to Carol it made recovery difficult for some areas. Heavy rain in NH
Hurricane September 12, Southern and Unknown Category 3 (Category 1 in NH). Heavy flooding in some parts of the State. (Donna) 1960 Central NH
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HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages Tropical Unknown Storm October 7, 1962 Coastal NH Heavy swell and flooding along the coast (Daisy) Tropical Unknown Storm August 28, 1971 New Hampshire Center passed over NH resulting in heavy rain and damaging winds (Doria) Hurricane Southern New Unknown August 10, 1976 Primarily rain with resulting flooding in New Hampshire. Category 1 (Belle) England Unknown Category 2, winds 96-110 mph. Electric structures damaged; tree damages. This Hurricane Southern New September, 1985 Hurricane fell apart upon striking Long Island with heavy rains, localized (Gloria) England flooding, and minor wind damage in NH
Structural and electrical damage in region from fallen trees. 3 persons were killed Unknown Hurricane Southern New August 19, 1991 and $2.5 million in damages were suffered along coastal New Hampshire. Federal (Bob) England Disaster FEMA-917-DR Hurricane Southern New Winds in NH up to 38 mph and 1 inch of rain along the coast. Roads and Unknown September 1, 1996 (Edouard) England electrical lines damaged Tropical Unknown September 16-18, Southern New Storm FEMA DR-1305-NH. Heavy Rains 1999 England (Floyd) Hurricane August 29, 2005 & East Coast of US Unknown FEMA-3258-EM. Heavy rains and flooding devastating SE US (Katrina) continuing and more Tropical Unknown Remnants of Tammy contributed to the October 2005 floods which dropped 20 Storm October 5-13, 2005 East Coast of US inches of rain in some places in NH. (Tammy) FEMA-4026-DR for Coos, Carroll, Grafton, Strafford, Belknap, Merrimack and $2 Million Tropical August 26 – Sullivan Counties; EM-3333 Hillsboro, Rockingham, and Cheshire Counties; primarily for Storm East Coast of US September 6, 2011 Hanover had $50,000 in damage with $25,000 on Mountain Road, mainly due to roads and (Irene) flooding. bridges Unknown, $16,560.48 in Hurricane October 26 – East Coast of US FEMA-4095-DR-NH for Belknap, Carroll, Coos, Grafton and Sullivan Counties. public (Sandy) November 8, 2012 assistance to the town.
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Potential Future Hurricane Damage
Hurricane events will affect the entire town. It is impossible to predict into the future what damage will occur in the town. The Committee determined the hurricane risk to be medium/high in Hanover.
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Tornado & Downburst
“A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel shaped cloud. These events are spawned by thunderstorms and, occasionally by hurricanes, and may occur singularly or in multiples. They develop when cool air overrides a layer of warm air, causing the warm air to rise rapidly. Most vortices remain suspended in the atmosphere. Should they touch down, they become a force of destruction.” (NH Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013). The Fujita Scale is the standard scale for rating the severity of a tornado as measured by the damage it causes. Most tornadoes are in the F0 to F2 Class. Building to modern wind standards provides significant property protection from these hazard events. New Hampshire is located within Zone 2 for Design Wind Speed for Community Shelters, which suggests that buildings should be built to withstand 160 mph winds.
Significantly high winds occur especially during tornadoes, hurricanes, winter storms, and thunderstorms. Falling objects and downed power lines are dangerous risks associated with high winds. In addition, property damage and downed trees are common during severe wind occurrences. A downburst is a severe, localized wind blasting down from a thunderstorm. These “straight line” winds are distinguishable from tornadic activity by the pattern of destruction and debris. Downbursts fall into two categories: 1. Microburst, which covers an area less than 2.5 miles in diameter, and 2. Macroburst, which covers an area at least 2.5 miles in diameter. Most downbursts occur with thunderstorms, but they can be associated with showers too weak to produce thunder.
Past Tornado & Downburst Events
The following table displays tornadoes occurring in Grafton County between 1950 and 1995 as provided by the “Tornado Project” (www.tornadoproject.com) and the NH Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2013.
Table III-5: TORNADOES IN OR NEAR GRAFTON COUNTY TORNADOES & DOWNBURSTS – MEDIUM RISK Date Fujita Scale Damages Tornado September 9, 1821 Most intense in NH Killed 6 people; crossed Lake Sunapee Tornado July 14, 1963 F1 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado June 27, 1964 F0 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado August 11, 1966 F2 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado August 25, 1969 F1 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado May 31, 1972 F1 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown (Merrimack County) Tornado July 21, 1972 F1 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado May 11, 1973 F2 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown
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TORNADOES & DOWNBURSTS – MEDIUM RISK Date Fujita Scale Damages Tornado June 11, 1973 F0 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado August 15, 1976 F1 No deaths; 5 injuries; costs unknown (Merrimack County) Tornado August 13, 1999 F1 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown Tornado July 6, 1999 F2 No deaths or injuries; costs unknown (Merrimack County); in New London two roofs blown off structures; power outages,; downed trees, utility pole, and wires Tornado Summer 2006 NA Began in Barnet, VT and moved to Monroe, NH Tornado April 15, 2007 NA Numerous trees were knocked down in Enfield, NH Tornado July 24, 2008 (EF 2) DR 1799: Numerous trees and utility poles down and tearing down houses near Concord; 1 fatality and 2 injuries Source: www.tornadoproject.com
Table III-6 FUJITA SCALE Fujita Scale Scale Wind Strength Typical Damage (MPH) F0 <73 Light damage: Some damage to chimneys; branches broken off trees; shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged. F1 73-112 Moderate damage: Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned; moving autos blown off roads. F2 113-157 Considerable damage: Roofs torn off frame houses; mobile homes demolished; boxcars overturned; large trees snapped or uprooted; light-object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. F3 158-206 Severe damage: Roofs and some walls torn off well-constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in forest uprooted; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown F4 207-260 Devastating damage: Well-constructed houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance; cars thrown and large missiles generated F5 261-318 Incredible damage: Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile-sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 meters (109 yds.); trees debarked; incredible phenomena will occur. Source: http://www.spc.noaa.gov
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Potential Future Tornado and Downburst Damage
It is impossible to predict where a tornado or downburst will occur or what damage it will inflict. The Hanover Committee does not recall tornadoes or downbursts in Hanover. The FEMA website places the State of NH in the Zone II Wind Zone which provides that a community shelter should be built to a 160 mph “design wind speed.” The Committee determined there is a medium/high risk for tornadoes and downbursts in Hanover.
Thunderstorms/Lightning/Hail
A thunderstorm is a rain shower during which you hear thunder. Since thunder comes from lightning, all thunderstorms have lightning. A thunderstorm is classified as "severe" when it contains one or more of the following: hail three-quarter inch or greater, winds gusting in excess of 50 knots (57.5 mph), tornado. Hail is a form of precipitation that occurs when updrafts in thunderstorms carry raindrops upward into extremely cold areas of the atmosphere where they freeze into ice. When the hail particle becomes heavy enough to resist the updraft, it falls to the ground. The resulting wind and hail can cause death, injury, and property damage. Below is a comparison charge for the various sizes of hail.
Figure III-1: HAIL SIZE COMPARISON CHART
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An average thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. Winter thunderstorms are rare because the air is more stable, strong updrafts cannot form because the surface temperatures during the winter are colder.
Lightning is a giant spark of electricity that occurs within the atmosphere or between the atmosphere and the ground. As lightning passes through the air, it heats the air to a temperature of about 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit, considerably hotter than the surface of the sun. Fires are a likely result of lightning strikes, and lightning strikes can cause death, injury, and property damage. It is impossible to predict where lightning will strike. There have probably been lightning strikes throughout Hanover, but there is no record of damage.
A lightning activity level has been developed by the National Weather Service and is shown below:
Table III-7: LIGHTNING ACTIVITY LEVEL Lightning Description Activity Level 1 No thunderstorms 2 Isolated thunderstorms: Light rain will occasionally reach the ground. Lightning is very infrequent, 1 to 5 cloud to ground strikes in a five minute period. 3 Widely scattered thunderstorms. Light to moderate rain will reach the ground. Lightning is infrequent, 6 to 10 cloud to ground strikes in a 5 minute period. 4 Scattered thunderstorms. Moderate rain is commonly produced. Lightning is frequent, 11 to 15 cloud to ground strikes in a 5 minute period. 5 Numerous thunderstorms. Rainfall is moderate to heavy. Lightning is frequent and intense, greater than 15 cloud to ground strikes in a 5 minute period. 6 Dry lightning (same as LAL3, but without rain). This type of lightning has the potential for extreme fire activity and is normally highlighted in fire weather forecasts with a Red Flag Warning. Source: http://graphical.weather.gov/definitions/defineLAL.html
Past Thunderstorm Events
There have been lightning strikes in Hanover, but none were noteworthy according to the Committee. A thunderstorm with lightning or hail could impact the entire town, although lightning is more likely in isolated areas.
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Potential Future Thunderstorm Damage
It is inevitable that thunderstorms will occur in Hanover’s future. Lightning, hail, or wind from a thunderstorm could impact anywhere in town. It is not possible to estimate potential damage. The risk for future thunderstorm damage was determined by the Committee to be low/med risk in Hanover.
Table III-8: THUNDERSTORMS/LIGHTNING/HAIL Thunderstorms/Lightning/Hail
Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages Hail June 16, SW NH A severe thunderstorm produced large hail (.75 in) in unknown 2007 southwestern New Hampshire. Hail August 3, Sullivan An isolated thunderstorm produced large hail in Sullivan unknown 2007 County County.
Severe Winter Weather
Ice and snow events typically occur during the winter months and can cause loss of life, property damage, and tree damage.
Heavy Snow Storms A heavy snowstorm is generally considered to be one which deposits four or more inches of snow in a twelve- hour period… A blizzard is a sustained wind or frequent gusts greater than or equal to 35 miles per hour accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than ¼ mile for three hours or more (NOAA National Weather Service). Therefore, intense Nor’easters, which occur in the winter months, are often referred to as blizzards. The definition includes the conditions under which dry snow, which has previously fallen, is whipped into the air and diminishes visual range. Such conditions, when extreme enough, are called “white outs.”
Ice Storms Freezing rain occurs when snowflakes descend into a warmer layer of air and melt completely. When these liquid water drops fall through another thin layer of freezing air just above the surface, they don't have enough time to refreeze before reaching the ground. Because they are "supercooled," they instantly refreeze upon contact with anything that is at or below O degrees C, creating a glaze of ice on the ground, trees, power lines, or other objects. A significant accumulation of freezing rain lasting several hours or more is called an ice storm. This condition may strain branches of trees, power lines and even transmission towers to the breaking point and often creates treacherous conditions for highway travel and aviation. Debris impacted roads make emergency access, repair and cleanup extremely difficult.
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The National Weather Service has developed a Scaled Predictive Ice Storm Aftermath (SPIA) Index. The potential impacts are scaled from 0 to 5 and suggest potential electrical outage coverage and duration. Current ice storm warnings are based on forecast of ice accumulation only. SPIA reports on the combined effects of the predicted ice and wind. Below is a chart of the SPIA index levels.
Table III-9: SCALED PREDICTIVE ICE STORM AFTERMATH INDEX
Ice & Wind: <15 15-25 25-35 ≥35 Average Ice in Inches and Wind mph mph mph mph in Miles per hour 0.10 – 0.25 inches 0 1 2 3 0.25 – 0.50 inches 1 2 3 4 0.50 – 0.75 inches 2 3 4 5 0.75 – 1.00 inches 3 4 5 5 1.00 – 1.50 inches 4 5 5 5 >1.50 inches 5 5 5 5
“Nor’easters” Nor’easters can occur in the eastern United States any time between October and April, when moisture and cold air are plentiful. They are known for dumping heavy amounts of rain and snow, producing hurricane-force winds, and creating high surfs that cause severe beach erosion and coastal flooding. A Nor'easter is named for the winds that blow in from the northeast and drive the storm up the east coast along the Gulf Stream, a band of warm water that lies off the Atlantic coast. There are two main components to a Nor'easter: Gulf Stream low-pressure system (counter-clockwise winds) generate off the coast of Florida. The air above the Gulf Stream warms and spawns a low-pressure system. This low circulates off the southeastern U.S. coast, gathering warm air and moisture from the Atlantic. Strong northeasterly winds at the leading edge of the storm pull it up the east coast. As the strong northeasterly winds pull the storm up the east coast, it meets with cold Arctic high-pressure system (clockwise winds) blowing down from Canada. When the two systems collide, the moisture and cold air produce a mix of precipitation. Winter conditions make Nor'easters a normal occurrence, but only a handful actually gather the force and power to cause problems inland. The resulting precipitation depends on how close you are to the converging point of the two storms. Nor’easter events which occur toward the end of a winter season may exacerbate the spring flooding conditions by depositing significant snow pack at a time of the season when spring rains are poised to initiate rapid snow pack melting.
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Past Extreme Winter Weather Events
The following table provides a list of past extreme winter weather events in New Hampshire and Hanover.
Table III-10: SEVERE WINTER WEATHER SEVERE WINTER WEATHER/ICE STORMS
Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages
Unprecedented disruption and damage to telephone, telegraph and power Unknown Ice Storm December 17-20, 1929 New Hampshire system. Comparable to 1998 Ice Storm (see below) Blizzard February 14-17, 1958 New Hampshire 20-30 inches of snow in parts of New Hampshire Unknown Unknown Snow Storm March 18-21, 1958 New Hampshire Up to 22 inches of snow in south central NH Unknown Snow Storm December 10-13, 1960 New Hampshire Up to 17 inches of snow in southern NH Unknown Snow Storm January 18-20, 1961 New Hampshire Up to 25 inches of snow in southern NH Unknown Snow Storm February 2-5, 1961 New Hampshire Up to 18 inches of snow in southern NH Unknown Snow Storm January 11-16, 1964 New Hampshire Up to 12 inches of snow in southern NH
Third and most severe storm of 3 that occurred over a 10-day period. Up Unknown Blizzard January 29-31, 1966 New Hampshire to 10 inches of snow across central NH Unknown Snow Storm December 26-28, 1969 New Hampshire Up to 41 inches of snow in west central NH Unknown Snow Storm February 18-20, 1972 New Hampshire Up to 19 inches of snow in southern NH Unknown Snow Storm January 19-21, 1978 New Hampshire Up to 16 inches of snow in southern NH Blizzard February 5-7, 1978 New Hampshire New England-wide. Up to 25 inches of snow in central NH Unknown Snow Storm February, 1979 New Hampshire President’s Day storm Unknown Ice Storm January 8-25, 1979 New Hampshire Major disruptions to power and transportation Unknown Unknown Snow Storm April 5-7, 1982 New Hampshire Up to 18 inches of snow in southern NH
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SEVERE WINTER WEATHER/ICE STORMS
Hazard Date Location Description of Areas Impacted Damages
Fiercest ice storm in 30 yrs. in the higher elevations in the Monadnock Unknown Ice Storm February 14, 1986 New Hampshire region. It covered a swath about 10 miles wide from the MA border to New London NH Extreme Unknown Nov-De, 1988 New Hampshire Temperature was below 0 degrees F for a month Cold Ice Storm March 3-6, 1991 New Hampshire Numerous outages from ice-laden power lines in southern NH Unknown Unknown Snow Storm 1996 Regional Two major storms with five feet of snow in a week Unknown Snow Storm 1997 New Hampshire Power outages throughout region due to heavy snowfall
New Hampshire; Federal disaster declaration DR-1199-NH, 20 major road closures, Unknown Ice Storm January 15, 1998 Substantial power in 67,586 without electricity, 2,310 without phone service, $17+ million in NH damages to Public Service of NH alone Heavy snow Unknown Snow Storm 2000 Regional
Snow Storm March 5-7, 2001 New Hampshire Heavy snow. Unknown
Snow Storm December 6-7, 2003 New Hampshire Heavy snow. Federal Disaster Declaration FEMA-3193-NH Unknown
Snow Storm February 10-12, 2005 New Hampshire Heavy snow. Federal Disaster Declaration FEMA-3208-NH Unknown
Debris removal. FEMA DR-1812; power outages in region for up to 10 Ice Storm December 2008 New Hampshire $15 Million days; downed trees blocked roads and damaged utility lines FEMA DR-1892; Federal funding to Grafton, Hillsborough, Merrimack, Wind Storm Feb 23 – Mar 3, 2010 New Hampshire $2 Million Rockingham, Strafford, and Sullivan Counties; power loss
Snow Storm October 29-30, 2011 Statewide EM-3344; FEMA-4049 Hillsborough & Rockingham Counties Unknown
Ice Storm January 27, 2012 Region Isolated power outages in region; several limbs down Unknown
Snow Storm February 8-10, 2013 New Hampshire Heavy Snow. FEMA DR-4105 Unknown
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Potential Future Severe Winter Damage:
There is the potential for severe winter damage every year. An event would affect the entire town. The Committee determined severe winter weather to be a low/medium risk in Hanover.
Earthquake
The following is a list of earthquakes which have impacted New England, New Hampshire, and potentially Hanover.
Table III-11: EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES Date Location Magnitude Damage 1638 Central NH 6.5-7 October 29, 1727 Off NH/MA coast NA Widespread damage Massachusetts to Maine: cost unknown December 29, 1727 Off NH/MA coast NA Widespread damage Massachusetts to Maine: cost unknown November 18, 1755 Cape Ann, MA 6.0 Much damage: cost unknown 1800s Statewide 83 felt earthquake in NH Unknown 1900s Statewide 200 felt earthquake in NH Unknown March 18, 1926 Manchester, NH Felt in Hillsborough Co Unknown Dec 20, 1940 Ossipee, NH Both earthquakes 5.5 Damage to homes, water main rupture: cost unknown. December 24, 1940 Ossipee, NH NA Unknown December 28, 1947 Dover-Foxcroft, ME 4.5 Unknown June 10, 1951 Kingston, RI 4.6 Unknown April 26, 1957 Portland, ME 4.7 Unknown April 10, 1962 Middlebury, VT 4.2 Unknown June 15, 1973 Near Quebec Border 4.8 Unknown Summer 1977-1978* Centered in Franklin NA U known January 19, 1982 West of Laconia 4.5 Structure damage 15 miles away in Concord: cost unknown October 20, 1988 Near Berlin, NH 4 Unknown September 26, 2010 New Hampshire 3.4 Centered in Boscawen, NH, The Committee recalls feeling the earthquake. August 23, 2011 Central VA, East Coast 5.8 Felt in region
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Source: earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/states/new_hampshire/history.php for earthquakes through 1964. NH Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2013 for 1973-1982; earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes (12/13/11) *Committee recollection
Table III-12 RICHTER SCALE AND MERCALLI INTENSITY Richter Scale and Mercalli Intensity Richter Scale Modified Mercalli Average Earthquake Effects Intensity 1.0-3.0 I I – Not felt except by a very few under especially favorable conditions. 3.0-3.9 II-III II – Felt only by a few persons at rest, especially on upper floors of buildings. III – Felt quite noticeably by persons indoors. Standing motor cars may rock slightly. 4.0-4.9 IV-V IV – Felt indoors by many, outdoors by few during the day. Dishes, windows, doors disturbed; walls make cracking sound. V – Felt by nearly everyone; many awakened. Some dishes, windows broken. 5.0-5.9 VI-VII VI – Felt by all. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. VII – Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction, considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken. 6.0-6.9 VII-IX IX – Damage considerable in specially designed structures; damage great is substantial buildings, with partial collapse. 7.0 and higher VIII or higher VIII and higher: damage slight in specially designed structures. Fall of chimneys, factory stacks, columns, monuments, walls. X – Some well-built wooden structures destroyed, most masonry and frame structures destroyed with foundations. XI – Few if any masonry structures remain standing. Bridges destroyed. XII – Total damage. Lines of sight and level are distorted. Objects thrown in air.
Potential Future Earthquake Damage:
A United States Geographic Survey mapping tool on the web (geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/ projects) projects a 5 – 6 peak ground acceleration (pga) with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the Town of Hanover. This pga rating is equivalent to a Modified Mercalli Intensity of “V” with moderate perceived shaking and very light potential damage. An earthquake event would impact the entire town. The Committee determined the risk to be low/medium in Hanover.
Drought
Droughts or abnormally low precipitation are generally not as damaging or disruptive as floods, but are more difficult to define. A drought is a natural hazard that evolves over months or even years and can last as long as several years or only a few months. Fortunately, droughts are rare in New Hampshire. The severity of the water deficit if gauged by the degree of moisture deficiency, its
31 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 duration, and the size of the area affected. The effects of drought are indicated through measurements of soil moisture, groundwater levels and stream flow; however, not all of these indicators will be low during a drought. Not all of these indicators will be minimal during a particular drought. For example, frequent minor rainstorms can replenish the soil moisture without raising ground water levels or increasing stream flow.
Low stream flow correlates with low ground water level because it is ground water discharge to streams and rivers that maintain stream flow during extended dry periods. Low stream flow and low ground water levels commonly cause diminished water supply.
New Hampshire breaks the State into five Drought Management Areas, with one in the north, one across the central region, and three along the southern portion of the State. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the US government use the Palmer Drought Survey Index for conditions of the nation. The Palmer Drought Management areas divide the State into two areas and use the Palmer Drought Severity Index which is based on rainfall, temperature, and historic data. The Town of Hanover is in Area 2. The NH Drought Management Team, coordinated by the NH Department of Environmental Services Dam Bureau, uses these maps to help determine which areas are hardest hit.
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Figure III-2: DROUGHT MAPS
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Past Drought Events
Around 2001-2002, Hanover and other nearby towns had drought issues. This occurred again in 2010.
Table III-13: DROUGHT Date Location Description Damages 1929-1936 Statewide Regional. Recurrence Interval 10 to > 25 years Unknown Severe in southeast and moderate elsewhere. Recurrence Interval 10 to > 25 Unknown 1939-1944 Statewide years 1947-1950 Statewide Moderate. Recurrence Interval 10 to > 25 years Unknown Unknown Regional longest recorded continuous spell of less than normal precipitation. 1960-1969 Statewide Encompassed most of the Northeastern US. Recurrence Interval > 25 years
Affected residential wells and agricultural water sources; third worst drought on Unknown 2001-2002 Statewide record, exceeded only by the drought of 1956-1966 and 1941-1942; recurrence level not determined yet Unknown Mostly southern 2010 Affected dug wells and those in hillsides. counties Source: NH DES through 2002; Concord Monitor August 22, 2010
Potential Future Drought Damage
Drought will affect the entire town. The damage will depend upon the crops being grown at the time of the drought. No cost has been assigned to residential wells going dry though new wells may have to be dug or drilled. The Committee determined that drought is a low risk in Hanover.
Extreme Heat
Extreme heat is characterized by abnormally high temperatures and/or longer than average time periods of high temperatures. These event conditions may impact the health of both humans and livestock. The National Weather Service developed a heat index based upon temperature and relative humidity. This is shown below.
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Table III-14: HEAT INDEX
Past Extreme Heat Events
The following table lists the extreme heat events in the past which included the Northeast and New Hampshire.
Table III-15: EXTREME HEAT Date Location Description Damage July, 1911 New England 11-day heat wave in New Hampshire Unknown Late June to September, 1936 North America Temps to mid 90s in the northeast Unknown June - August, 1999 Northeast Mean temperatures well above long-term average Unknown Early August, 2001 New Hampshire Mid 90s and high humidity Unknown August 2-4, 2006 New Hampshire Regional heat wave and severe storms Unknown July 2010 Northeast Regional heat wave Unknown
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Potential Future Extreme Heat Events
Extreme heat would impact the entire town though those with air conditioning in their homes would have less impact. The costs of extreme heat are most likely to be in human life. The elderly are especially susceptible to extreme heat. The Committee determined extreme heat to be a low risk in Hanover.
Erosion/Landslide
Soil erosion, although a natural process, can be greatly accelerated by improper construction practices. Because of the climate in New Hampshire and the general nature of our topography, eroded soils can be quickly transported to a wetland, stream, or lake. The New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (DES) regulates major construction activities to minimize impacts upon these resources. A properly conducted construction project should not cause significant soil erosion.
Soil becomes vulnerable to erosion when construction activity removes or disturbs the vegetative cover. Vegetative cover and its root system play an extremely important role in preventing erosion by: (1) Shielding the soil surface from the impact of falling rain drops; (2) Reducing the velocity of runoff; (3) Maintaining the soil's capacity to absorb water, and (4) Holding soil particles in place.
Because of the vegetation's ability to minimize erosion, limiting its removal can significantly reduce soil erosion. In addition, decreasing the area and duration of exposure of disturbed soils is also effective in limiting soil erosion. The designer must give special consideration to the phasing of a project so that only those areas actively under construction have exposed soils. Other factors influencing soil erosion are: (1) Soil types, (2) Land slope, (3) Amount of water flowing onto the site from up-slope, and (4) Time of year of disturbance.
Past Erosion Events
The committee did not identify any areas of notable, repetitive erosion in Hanover but did acknowledge that with the occurrence of more extreme storms, erosions and landslides may become more common.
Potential Erosion Events
Due to the topography of the town, there is always potential for erosion. As properties are developed there will be less vegetative buffer to protect the town from erosion during rainstorms. The Committee determined there was a low/medium risk for erosion damage.
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Wildfire
Wildfire is defined as any unwanted and unplanned fire burning in the forest, shrub or grass. Wildfires are frequently referred to as forest fires, shrub fires or grass fires, depending on their location. They often occur during drought and when woody debris on the forest floor is readily available to fuel the fire. The threat of wildfires is greatest where vegetation patterns have been altered by past unsafe land-use practices, fire suppression and fire exclusion. Vegetation buildup can lead to more severe wildfires.
Increased severity over recent years has decreased capability to extinguish wildfires. Wildfires are unpredictable and usually destructive, causing both personal property damage and damage to community infrastructure, cultural and economic resources. Negative short term effects of wildfires include destruction of timber, forage, wildlife habitats, scenic vistas and watersheds. Some long term effects include erosion and lowered water quality.
There are many types and causes of fires. Wildfires, arson, accidental fires and others all pose a unique danger to communities and individuals. Since 1985, approximately 9,000 homes have been lost to urban/wild land interface fires across the United States (Northeast States Emergency Consortium: www.nesec.org). The majority of wildfires usually occur in April and May, when home owners are cleaning up from the winter months, and when the majority of vegetation is void of any appreciable moisture making them highly flammable.
The threat of wildfires for people living near wildland areas or using recreational facilities in wilderness areas is real. Dry conditions at various times of the year and in various parts of the United States greatly increase the potential for wildfires. Advance planning and knowing how to protect buildings in these areas can lessen the devastation of a wildfire. To reduce the risk to wildfire, it is necessary to consider the fire resistance of structures, the topography of property and the nature of the vegetation in the area.
According to the National Wildfire Coordination Group, there are categories of wildfire based upon size: Class A - one-fourth acre or less; Class B - more than one-fourth acre, but less than 10 acres; Class C - 10 acres or more, but less than 100 acres; Class D - 100 acres or more, but less than 300 acres; Class E - 300 acres or more, but less than 1,000 acres; Class F - 1,000 acres or more, but less than 5,000 acres; Class G - 5,000 acres or more.
Past Wildfire Events
There have not been any significant wildfires in Hanover to note; however, there have certainly been small brush fires on occasion.
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Potential Future Wildfire Events
There are many large, contiguous forest tracts in Hanover. Where development interfaces with the forested areas is called the “urban interface.” These are the areas where structures could be impacted by a wildfire; these areas are scattered throughout the town. The most likely areas for wildfire are where ice storm impact downs trees and branches providing fuel for a fire. According to the State’s mitigation plan, Grafton County has substantial debris to fuel a wildfire remaining from the ice storm of 1998 and 2008 and heavy forest cover. The plan gives the county a high risk of wildfire. The Committee determined that the risk of wild and structure fire risk in Hanover is low.
Natural Water & Air Contaminants
Radium, radon and uranium are grouped together because they are radionuclides, unstable elements that emit ionizing radiation. These three particular substances are a health risk only if taken into the body by ingestion or inhalation. They occur naturally in the environment, uranium and radium as solids in rock while radon exists as a gas. Radionuclides are undetectable by taste, odor, or color, so only analytical testing can determine if they are present in water. Because they are associated with rock, wells drilled into bedrock are more likely to contain elevated levels of radionuclides than shallow or dug wells.
Radon gas can also be found in the soil. Openings between the soil and buildings, such as foundation cracks and where pipes enter, provide conduits for radon to move into structures. The difference in air pressure, caused by heated indoor air moving up and out of buildings, results in a flow of soil gas toward the indoors, allowing radon to potentially accumulate in structures. Air quality in a home can also be tested for radon. Following is a map of New Hampshire by the U.S. EPA to show radon zones.
There are many other natural contaminants which can render drinking water unsafe such as arsenic. The Drinking Water and Groundwater Bureau of the NH Department of Environmental Services has several fact sheets available to address these natural materials and suggests which materials to be included in testing. See their list of fact sheets at http://www.des.state.nh.us/dwg.htm.
Past Natural Water & Air Contaminant Events
There have been no known events related to natural water and air contamination in Hanover. Uranium has been found in constructing I-89 and there is a uranium mine in Grafton, NH to the east of Hanover. Although the Committee is not aware of any radon contamination, given that we are in the “Granite State,” it is likely that some homes are affected by radon.
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Table III-16: RADON – LOW/MEDIUM RISK RADON Summary Table of Short-term Indoor Radon Test Results in NH’s Radon Database 11/04/2003) County # Tests G. Mean Maximum % > 4.0 pCi/l % > 12.0 pCi/l Belknap 744 1.3 22.3 14.4 1.3 Carroll 1042 3.5 478.9 45.4 18 Cheshire 964 1.3 131.2 15.6 2.3 Coos 1072 3.2 261.5 41 17 Grafton 1286 2.0 174.3 23.2 5.2 Hillsborough 2741 2.1 202.3 29.6 6.8 Merrimack 1961 2.0 152.8 25.2 6 Rockingham 3909 3.0 155.3 40 9.5 Strafford 1645 3.4 122.8 44 13 Sullivan 466 1.4 29.4 15.7 2.1 STATEWIDE 15860 2.4 pCi/L 478.9 pCi/L 32.4 8.6
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Figure III-3: MAP OF RADON ZONES
Zone 1 counties have a predicted average indoor radon screening level greater than 4 pCI/L (picocuries per liter) (red zones) Highest Potential
Zone 2 counties have a predicted average indoor radon screening level between 2 and 4 pCi/L (orange zones) Moderate Potential
Zone 3 counties have a predicted average indoor radon screening level less than 2 pCi/L (yellow zones) Low Potential
Potential Future Natural Air & Water Contaminant Damage:
Although there are no known records of illness that can be attributed to radium, radon, or uranium or other contaminants in Hanover, residents should be aware that they are present. Houses with granite and dirt cellars are at increased risk to radon gas infiltration. According to the table above, Grafton County radon levels are below average for the State.
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In addition radium, radon, and uranium as well as other natural materials can be present in drinking water. Residents, especially with bedrock wells, should be aware of the possibility of water contamination and the availability of testing and remediation. The Committee determined that the risk of natural contaminants is low.
Hazardous Materials Spills
Hazardous materials spills or releases can cause loss of life and damage to property. Short or long-term evacuation of local residents and businesses may be required, depending on the nature and extent of the incident. The spills may occur on-site at hazardous waste generators or in transport through town.
In Hanover, there are over 100 hazardous waste generators listed on the NH Department of Environmental Services (DES) “one- stop” list. Most of these are inactive meaning they are no longer producing hazardous waste. Thirteen generators are listed as active including the Co-op Service Center, Creare, CVS Pharmacy, Dartmouth College, Dartmouth Printing, Hypertherm, US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering (CRREL), the Hanover Department of Public Works, Trumbull-Nelson Construction, and a few small businesses such as dentists.
Past Hazardous Waste Spill Events
The following past hazardous materials events were noted: There was an ammonia leak at CRREL in the early 1990s, and they had to evacuate residential areas south of CRREL. A fuel truck crash at the bottom of King Hill Rd. Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) spills and leaky tanks at CRREL in the late 1960s; leached into groundwater creating vapor problem to the north, east and southwest of the CRREL facility. A multi-agency committee for clean-up is monitoring groundwater in the impact zone.
Potential Future Hazardous Waste Spill Damage
Although there have not been any significant spills in Hanover, hazardous materials spills could occur along the NH Route 10 or NH Route 120. In addition, heating fuel is delivered to homes on many of the town’s roads: spills could occur at storage tanks during the filling of the tanks. There conceivably could be spills near any home in Hanover due to home heating fuel delivery. The property owner is responsible for clean-up. The State oversees these reported spills.
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The Committee determined a hazardous waste spill is a medium risk.
Terrorism
Terrorism has been defined in many ways. The word terrorism is derived from the Latin term “terrere” which means to frighten. Section 802 of the USA Patriot Act expanded the definition of terrorism to cover “domestic,” as opposed to international terrorism. A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act “dangerous to human life” that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to: (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping; and (C) occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States."
Past Terrorism Events
There have been no terrorism events within Hanover in the past.
Future Terrorism Events
Terrorism is not considered a major risk, although vandalism is an occasional problem. The Committee determined that the risk of terrorism is a medium risk in Hanover.
Public Health and Infectious Disease
Public Health concerns include contamination to drinking water, infectious diseases like meningitis, and insect-borne diseases. There are many large gathering places for people where diseases could be transferred: Dartmouth College, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), nursing homes, childcare facilities, and schools. A major employer is the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Facility primarily in Lebanon and its many facilities in both Hanover and Lebanon.
Statistically speaking, meningococcal meningitis strikes fewer than 3,000 people in the United States each year, many of them college students or children under age one, but while the bacterial infection is relatively rare, it is also deadly, killing 10 to 12 percent of those it infects, sometimes within hours. The disease attacks and shuts down major organs and prevents blood from circulating to limbs, causing tissue to die. Among survivors, 20 percent suffer brain damage, kidney disease, loss of hearing or sight, limb amputations or other severe complications.
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The disease is spread through air droplets and direct contact with someone who is infected. College students, particularly freshmen living in dorms, are at increased risk because of their lifestyle. They are living away from home for the first time and many share everything from drinks to drags off cigarettes. And too many late nights of studying and partying can leave their immune systems run- down and vulnerable.
Past Public Health & Infectious Disease Events
There have been no known major public health or infectious disease issues in Hanover.
Future Public Health & Infectious Disease Events
There is always the potential for public health issues such as infectious disease especially in the presence of a college. New strains of diseases are found, and the Town will always need to be prepared for new and known infectious diseases. The Committee determined that the risk for public health is low in Hanover.
C. HAZARD RISK RATINGS
The Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed each potential hazard and rated the probability of occurrence and vulnerability (cost if the hazard actually occurs) to come up with an overall risk rating. The ratings were based on past occurrences of hazards affecting the State of New Hampshire, Grafton County, and the Town of Hanover. These ratings were reevaluated and changed in 2015, but maintain a similar rating process as the previous plan. The three highest risks in Hanover were determined to be flooding, hurricane and tornado/downburst.
Assessing Probability
The process involved assigning a number to each hazard type based on its potential of occurring determined using the committee’s knowledge of past events:
1 – Low: may occur less than once in a 25 year period 2 – Medium: may occur once within a 10-25 year period 3 – High: may occur once or more than once within a 10 year period
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An n/a score was given if there was insufficient evidence to make a decision. To ensure some balance with a more scientific measurement, the plan also identifies the probability of occurrence from the State Hazard Plan as shown in Table III-10. For comparative purposes the Low rating was given a designation of “1,” the Medium rating a designation of “2,” and the High rating a designation of “3.” These figures are shown in Table III-17 and III-18.
Assessing Vulnerability
A relative scale of 1 to 3 was used to determine the impact and cost for human death and injury, property losses and damages, and business/agricultural impact: 1 – limited damage and cost; 2 - moderate amount of damage and cost, and 3 – high damage and cost.
Table III-17: VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING DEVELOPED AREAS Human Impact Property Impact Economic Impact Vulnerability Avg. of human/ Committee Assessment of Vulnerability Probability of Physical losses Cottage businesses property/ business death or injury and damages & agriculture impact Dam Failure 2 2 1 1.66 Flooding 1 3 2 2 Hurricane 1 3 2 2 Tornado & Downburst 1 3 2 2 Thunderstorm/Lightning/Hail 1 2 1 1.33 Severe Winter/Ice Storms 1 2 1 1.33 Earthquake 2 3 2 2.33 Drought 1 1 1 1 Extreme Heat 2 1 1 1.33 Erosion/Landslide 1 1 1 1 Wildfire 1 1 1 1 Natural Contaminants 1 1 1 1 HazMat Spills 2 2 1 1.66 Terrorism 3 2 1 2 Public Health and Infectious Disease 2 1 1 1.33
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Assessing Risk
The averages of each vulnerability and probability were multiplied to arrive at the overall risk the hazard has on the community. The overall risk or threat posed by a hazard over the next 25 years was determined to be high, medium, or low.
HIGH: There is very strong potential for a disaster of major proportions during the next 25 years; or (2) history suggests the occurrence of multiple disasters of moderate proportions during the next 25 years. The threat is significant enough to warrant major program effort to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate against this hazard. This hazard should be a major focus of the town’s emergency management training and exercise program.
MEDIUM/HIGH: There is strong potential for a disaster of significant proportions during the next 25 years. The threat is significant enough to warrant major program effort to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate against this hazard. This hazard should be a major focus of the town’s emergency management training and exercise program.
MEDIUM: There is moderate potential for a disaster of less than major proportions during the next 25 years. The threat is great enough to warrant modest effort to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate this hazard. This hazard should be included in the town’s emergency management training and exercise program.
MEDIUM/LOW: There is slight potential for disaster in the in the next 25 years. The modest threat warrants modest effort to prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate this hazard. This hazard should be included in the town’s emergency management training and exercise program.
LOW: There is little potential for a disaster during the next 25 years. The threat is such as to warrant no special effort to prepare for, respond to, recover from, or mitigate this hazard. This hazard need not be specifically addressed in the town’s emergency management training and exercise program except as generally dealt with during hazard awareness training.
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Table III-13: RISK ASSESSMENT Risk Assessment 0-1.9 Low 2-3.9 Low/Med 4-5.9 Med 6-7.9 Med-High 8-9 High
Probability based on Vulnerability based on Risk Rating (Probability Hazards Risk Committee Review Committee Review x Vulnerability)
Dam Failure 1 1.66 1.66 Low Flooding 3 2 6 Medium/High Hurricane 3 2 6 Medium/High Tornado & Downburst 3 2 6 Medium/High Thunderstorm/Lightning/Hail 3 1.33 3.99 Low/Medium Severe Winter/Ice Storms 2 1.33 2.66 Low/Medium Earthquake 1 2.33 2.33 Low/Medium Drought 1 1 1 Low Extreme Heat 1 1.33 1.33 Low Erosion/Landslide 2 1 2 Low/Medium Wildfire 1 1 1 Low Natural Contaminants 1 1 1 Low HazMat Spills 3 1.66 4.98 Medium Terrorism 2 2 4 Medium Public Health and Infectious Disease 1 1.33 1.33 Low
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IV. CRITICAL FACILITIES/LOCATIONS
The Critical Facilities list, identified by the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee, is divided into three categories. The first category contains facilities needed for emergency response in the event of a disaster. The second category contains non-emergency response facilities that are not required in an event, but that are considered essential for the everyday operation of the Town of Hanover. The third category contains facilities/populations that the Committee wishes to protect in the event of a disaster. Values for all buildings in this document were obtained from town tax records for main structures plus accessory structures for 2012; the Eastman building values were obtained from Eastman Community Association as replacement values. The equalization to current values is 100-104%.
Table IV-1: EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES, SERVICES & STRUCTURES Critical Facility Hazard Vulnerability Value Comments Hanover Public Safety Building (Emergency Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat, Terrorism $2,418,600 Operations Center) Dartmouth College Emergency Operations Assessed value for Carson Earthquake, Wind Events 1,193,700 Center Building – Est. Etna Fire Station Earthquake, Wind Events 222,600
Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, Public Red Cross Emergency Community Center (Shelter) 2,644,400 Health Shelter; proximity to high school Earthquake, Wind Events, Landslide – new Department of Public Works 2,185,400 storage building
Bridges (21): Most critical – base of Chieftain Hill; All hazards Unknown Ruddsboro Road; Route 10 South
Dams & Accessory Buildings Earthquake, Flooding, Dam Failure 2,474,300
Moose Mountain Antennae – Emergency Wind events, ice, earthquake, power failure 200,900 Communication
Hayes Hill Tower – FAA Wind events, ice, earthquake, power failure 64,200
Evacuation Routes: Route 120, Route 10, Trescott Road, West Wheelock Street, Hanover Center Road to Rennie Road to Route 10, Etna/Greensboro Road All Hazards Unknown to Route 120, Great Hollow Road to Route 120 and Ruddsboro Road
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Table IV-2: NON-EMERGENCY RESPONSE FACILITIES AND SERVICES Critical Facility Hazard Vulnerability Value Comments
Town Hall Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, Fire $1,288,800 Not sprinklered
Howe Library Earthquake, Wind Events 4,775,700 Stone foundation; Not Etna Town Library Earthquake, Wind Events, Fire 423,500 sprinklered Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat, Terrorism, Hanover Water Works – Filtration Facility 3,717,900 Wildfire, Dam Failure, Public Health Sewer lines most vulnerable: Earthquake, Wind Events, Dam Failure, Water Reclamation Facility 12,519,700 Girl Brook, Mink Brook, and Terrorism, HazMat Route 10 South Earthquake, Wind Events, Dam Failure, Distribution,Tanks and Pump Distribution System and Water Storage Tanks 9,589,600 Terrorism, HazMat Houses Potential shelter; partially Thompson Arena Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat, Fire 8,868,100 sprinklered Leverone Field House Earthquake, Wind Events 11,468,600 Potential shelter
Alumni Gym/Berry Sports Complex Earthquake, Wind Events 42,877,500 Potential shelter Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat, Terrorism, Dartmouth College Heating Plant 18,132,000 Fuel, chlorine storage drought, water service interruption
Table IV-3: FACILITIES AND POPULATIONS TO PROTECT Critical Facility Hazard Vulnerability Value Comments Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, HazMat $14,319,600 Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, HazMat, The value excludes buildings Dartmouth College (10,000 employees and students) 825,806,300 Fire, Public health mentioned separately Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, HazMat, Hanover High School 21,050,700 Public Health Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, HazMat, Frances C. Richmond Middle School 11,992,100 Public Health Earthquake, Wind Events, Terrorism, HazMat, Bernice Ray Elementary School 7,084,100 Public Health Upper Valley Hostel Earthquake, Wind Events, Fire 357,500 Not sprinklered
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Critical Facility Hazard Vulnerability Value Comments Outreach House Earthquake, Wind Events, Fire 541,900 Not sprinklered Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat, Public Kendal (elderly housing) 48,344,700 Near CRREL health Dartmouth College Childcare Center Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat 1,422,600 Near CRREL Cradle & Crayon Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat ----- At CRREL Summer Street – includes La Petite Creche Earthquake, Wind Events, Fire 1,974,300 Church Montessori School Earthquake, Wind Events 354,600 Trescott Road Wheelock Terrace Earthquake, Wind Events, Flood 5,830,000 Summer Park Senior Housing Earthquake, Wind Events 1,447,100 Earthquake, Wind Events, HazMat, Public 3,574,600 Hanover Terrace Health Hanover Nursery School Earthquake, Wind Events, Erosion 285,300
Table IV-4: HAZARD-PRONE AREAS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL Vulnerable Area Hazard Vulnerability Development Trends/Potential Comments Balch Hill/Velvet Rocks (including Wind, winter storms, fire Pretty built out; approved homes to be 41 homes Rip Road/Wheelock St area) built in Velvet Rocks Blueberry Hill Wind, winter storms, fire Development potential 39 homes
Northwest Quadrant of Hanover Fire Development potential This area lacks accessible water in the event of a fire.
49 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
V. DETERMINING HOW MUCH WILL BE AFFECTED
A. IDENTIFYING VULNERABLE FACILITIES
It is important to determine which critical facilities and other structures are the most vulnerable and to estimate potential losses. The first step is to identify the facilities most likely to be damaged in a hazard event. To do this, the locations of critical facilities were compared to the location of past and potential hazard events. Facilities and structures located in federally and locally determined flood areas, dam inundation areas, etc. were identified and included in the analysis. There is neither large land areas slated for potential development nor large development projects in the works, so vulnerability of undeveloped land was not analyzed except to note logical future development areas.
Table V-1: VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING DEVELOPED AREAS Total Buildings Natural Known Area Hazard Critical Facilities (residential & Infrastructure Resources Building non-residential) Value A and AE Flood Zone & Dam Inundation Flooding/ Dam Failure 3 $32,803,200 Unknown Unknown $32,803,200 Areas
Table V-2: VULNERABILITY OF POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Critical Projected Projected Projected Area Hazard Facilities Buildings Infrastructure Value None Known All Hazards None N/A N/A N/A
B. IDENTIFYING VULNERABLE SPECIAL POPULATIONS
There are few centers of special populations in town including the elementary school, the town offices, the town hall during special meetings, the library and Dartmouth College. The elderly and physically or mentally impaired residents are also residing throughout the town in their homes and facilities such as Kendal at Hanover, Wheelock Terrace and the Greens.
50 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
C. POTENTIAL LOSS ESTIMATES
This section identifies areas in town that are most vulnerable to hazard events and estimates potential losses from these events. It is difficult to ascertain the amount of damage caused by a natural hazard because the damage will depend on the hazard’s extent and severity, making each hazard event quite unique. In addition, human loss of life was not included in the potential loss estimates, but could be expected to occur. FEMA’s Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses (August 2001) was used in estimating loss evaluations. The value of structures was determined by using town records. The Town’s tax maps were used to determine number of units within each hazard area. The land damage cost, structure content loss costs, and function loss cost were not determined.
Dam Failure – Low – Unknown cost The Committee determined the risk for Dam Failure to be low. There are three dams that are designated as “high.” The cost of a dam failure is unknown due to the many variables in such an event.
Flooding – Medium/High Risk - $9.2 Million Estimated Cost (not including roads, bridges) There are approximately 96 homes located within the FEMA designated Special Flood Hazard areas. These areas are all “Zone A and AE.” The total value of the buildings (including residential and non-residential) is $32,803,200. Assuming a 28 % structural damage to the buildings, the damage would total close to $9.2 million. There are 25 town and state bridges and several sections of road in these flood areas. No value estimate has been done for these structures. No estimate for contents of buildings was done.
Hurricane – Medium/High Risk – $13.2 Million Estimated Cost Damage caused by hurricanes can be severe and expensive. Grafton County has been impacted in the past by both wind and flooding damage as a result of hurricanes. The total assessed value of all structures within Hanover is approximately $1.3 billion. It is random which structures would be impacted and how much. There is no standard loss estimation available and no record of past costs. If 10% of the buildings received 10% damage, the damage cost would be about $13.2 million.
Tornado & Downburst –Medium/High Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost Tornadoes, downbursts, and microbursts are relatively uncommon natural hazards in New Hampshire, although microbursts in 2007 caused substantial damage. On average, about six tornado events strike each year. In the State of NH, the average annual cost of tornadoes between 1950 and 1995 was $197,000 (The Disaster Center). These wind events occur in specific areas, so calculating potential town-wide losses is difficult. There is no standard loss estimation model available for tornadoes due to their random nature.
51 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Thunderstorm/Lightning/Hail – Low/Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost According to the Federal Alliance for Safe Homes, in an average year, hail causes more than $1.6 billion worth of damage to residential roofs in the United States, making it, year in and year out, one of the most costly natural disasters. Lightning is one of the most underrated severe weather hazards, yet it ranks as the second-leading weather killer in the United States. More deadly than hurricanes or tornadoes, lightning strikes in America each year killing an average of 73 people and injuring 300 others, according to the National Weather Service. There is no cost estimation model for thunderstorms due to their random nature.
Severe Winter Weather – Low/Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost Ice storms often cause widespread power outages by downing power lines, and these storms can also cause severe damage to trees. New England usually experiences at least one or two severe snowstorms, with varying degrees of severity, each year. All of these impacts are a risk to the community and put all residents, especially the elderly, at risk.
According to a study done for the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (Canada) and the Institute for Business and Home Safety (U.S.), the 1998 Ice Storm inflicted $1.2 billion (U.S.) worth of damage in the U.S. and Canada. In New Hampshire alone, over 67,000 people were without power (http://www.meteo.mcgill.ca/extreme/Research_Paper_No_1.pdf). U.S. average insurance claim was $1,325 for personal property, $1,980 for commercial property, and $1,371 for automobiles.
Earthquake – Low/Medium Risk - $90 million Estimated Cost if All Buildings Impacted Earthquakes can cause buildings and bridges to collapse, disrupt gas, electric and phone lines, and precipitate landslide and flash flood events. Four earthquakes in NH between 1924 and 1989 had a magnitude of 4.2 or more. Two of these occurred in Ossipee, one west of Laconia, and one near the Quebec border. Buildings have not been subject to any seismic design level requirement for construction and would be susceptible to structural damage. The dams, bridges, and roads would be vulnerable to a sizable earthquake event.
FEMA’s Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Costs, August 2001 provides that an earthquake with a 5% peak ground acceleration (as determined by the US Geologic Survey for the area) could cause damage to single family residences by around 10% of the structural value. The total residential structure value in Hanover is approximately $899 million. If 10% of buildings in Hanover were impacted by an earthquake, the estimated damage could be around $90 million.
Drought – Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost A long drought would cause damage to crops and dry up wells. There is no cost estimate for this hazard in Hanover.
52 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Extreme Heat – Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost Excessive heat kills more people in the U.S. than tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, and lightning combined. The elderly, very young, obese and those who work outdoors or have substance abuse problems are most at risk from succumbing to heat. Additionally, people in urban areas are more susceptible as asphalt and cement tend to hold in heat throughout the night (Federal Alliance of Safe Homes website). The costs for this hazard are in terms of human suffering. It is not anticipated that there would be any structural or infrastructure costs.
Erosion/Landslide – Low/Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost Development on steep slopes can cause substantial erosion in the adjacent area. This can impact the adjacent roads in the area by making them more susceptible to erosion and washout. Construction itself can cause erosion if best management practices are not used to control run-off from disturbed soils, and the rooftops of buildings displace water which would have gone into the ground. This is then exacerbated by the steep slopes where the run-off moves more quickly and can cause more damage.
Wildfire – Low Risk – $6.6 Estimated Cost The risk of fire is difficult to predict based on location. Forest fires are more likely to occur during drought years. In addition, areas and structures that are surrounded by dry vegetation that has not been suitably cleared are at high risk. Fire danger is generally universal, however, and can occur practically at any time. Dollar damage would depend on the extent of the fire and the number and type of buildings burned. Since the entire developed area of Hanover interfaces with forest, all structures are potentially vulnerable to wildfire. The estimated value of all structures in the Town is approximately $1.3 billion. If 1% of the structures received 50% damage, the total estimated cost would be about $6.6 million.
According to the Grafton County Forester, there are no reliable figures for the value of timber in New Hampshire; and excluding the last big fires of the early 1940s, the acres and timber values affected by fires would not be supportive of major investment in fire prevention in this region (v. fire-prone western regions).
Natural Contaminants – Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost
The cost of a radon hazard would be the health of individuals exposed to radon. No cost estimate is provided for this hazard.
Hazardous Material Spills –Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost
The cost of a hazardous material spill would depend upon the extent of the spill, the location of the spill in relation to population, structures, infrastructure, and natural resources, as well as the type of hazardous material. The cost of any clean-up would be imposed
53 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 upon the owner of the material. However, other less tangible costs such as loss of water quality might be borne by the community. No cost estimate has been provided for this possible hazard.
Terrorism –Medium Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost
The cost of any terrorism event is unpredictable and not estimated in this document. The Committee does not feel that terrorism is a substantial threat in Hanover.
Public Health and Infectious Disease– Low Risk – No Recorded or Estimated Cost
The cost of a public health and infectious disease is unpredictable and not estimated in this document.
54 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
VI. EXISTING MITIGATION & EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS
A. EXISTING HAZARD MITIGATION PROGRAMS
The following table provides the existing mitigation actions in Hanover. The fourth or “Effectiveness” column ranks each program as one of the following: “high” – the existing program works as intended and meets its goals; “average” – the existing program works though there is room for improvement; and “low” – the existing program does not work as intended or falls short of its goals. The fifth column lists if there were recommendations for improvement in the previous hazard mitigation plan and if those recommendations were put into action or not and if not, why not. The final column provides either an update of the mitigation action from the previous plan or proposed improvements that are currently being recommended for the future. Any proposed actions or actions to be continued are shown in red and will be shown again in future tables for evaluation, prioritization, and scheduling for implementation with new strategies.
Table VI-1: EXISTING MITIGATION PROGRAMS & PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS Effective- Recommendations in Previous Hazard ness Hazard Mitigation Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Mitigation Action Type/Service (Low, Plan/Actions Taken to Meet Local Agent Improvments Area Average, Recommendations or Why Not High) Met Have used updated maps; will NFIP Member – Member of the continue to be an NFIP member National Flood Insurance Program P&Z No recommendations in with enforcement of zoning Flood/Entire Town Average to qualify for flood insurance and Director previous plan. ordinances preventing new additional flood planning programs. building in the floodplain; Participate in webinar trainings Conservation Commission/Fund - Continue wetland permit Flood & Development review for wetlands P&Z No recommendations in application review and Erosion/Entire Average protection; acquisition and Director previous plan. acquisition of critical parcels of Town protection of lands land for hazard mitigation Flooding & Shoreland Protection Act - Erosion/ Restricts development near water NH DES and Continue to evaluate Connecticut River; No recommendations in bodies P&Z Average development proposals to meet Mink Brook; previous plan. Director Shoreland Protection Act Goose Pond
55 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Effective- Recommendations in Previous Hazard ness Hazard Mitigation Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Mitigation Action Type/Service (Low, Plan/Actions Taken to Meet Local Agent Improvments Area Average, Recommendations or Why Not High) Met
Dam Dam Maintenance - Regular Public Need work on lower two Continue to regularly evaluate Failure/Inundation Average maintenance of Town Dams Works spillways/ COMPLETED 2013 dams for needed maintenance. Areas Drought Mitigation Plan - Adopted Plan 11/28/05 by Water Continue to assess the drought Town & Company (Town & Dartmouth Drought/Entire No recommendations in mitigation plan for Dartmouth High College owned) to determine levels Town previous plan. improvements and use during a College of restriction and enforcement in drought case of drought Complete evaluation of Reservoir Dam Evaluations - Dam Failure/SW Reservoir 2; also implement Conduct dam engineering evaluation portion of Town Public Continue to monitor dam High recommended improvements to of Reservoir 1 and Phase 1 (see map in Works condition. Reservoir 1/ COMPLETED investigation of Reservoir 2 Appendix D) 2011 Town Urban High- Wind Events, Continue maintenance program Tree Maintenance - Remove Forester; Town/Low- No recommendations in Wildfire/Entire and working with Liberty damaged and hazardous trees Liberty Liberty previous plan. Town Utilities. Utilities Utilities Infrastructure assessment and P&Z Complete GIS mapping of Flooding & GIS mapping; stronger Stormwater Management – Director; infrastructure and analysis and Erosion/Entire Average development requirements being Regular culvert maintenance Public use data to plan culvert Town developed/IN PROCESS as GIS Works maintenance and upgrades. has recently been acquired
Subdivision Regulations – Wind Events & Requires underground utilities, P&Z No recommendations in Flooding/Entire High Continue to enforce regulations. protect flood zones and requires Director previous plan. Town wetland setbacks.
P&Z Need to update and reference Include references to the Hazard Town Master Plan – Overview of All Hazards/Entire Director; Hazard Mitigation Plan High Mitigation Plan when Master Town goals and objectives Town Planning strategies/DEFERRED as the Plan is updated. Board Master Plan has not been
56 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Effective- Recommendations in Previous Hazard ness Hazard Mitigation Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Mitigation Action Type/Service (Low, Plan/Actions Taken to Meet Local Agent Improvments Area Average, Recommendations or Why Not High) Met through an update process.
Public Works Winter Operations Need a new salt shed/ Build salt shed at the Public Winter/Entire Public Plan - Maintenance standards and High DEFERRED due to lack of Works facility between 2015 Town Works policies financial resources and 2020 Public Works Department – Safe, DPW No recommendations in Install security fencing and Terrorism Low secure buildings and facility Director previous plan video cameras International Building Code - Earthquake, Wind Town adopted building codes which & Winter P&Z No recommendations in Continue to update the building High are continually updated with Events/Entire Director previous plan. codes and provide training training Town Work with commercial entities Industrial Pre-Treatment and the City of Lebanon to treat Program - New program requiring wastes prior to discharge into on-site pre-treatment of materials Wastewater HazMat/Entire treatment facility/ Moved from Continue to maintain contract before discharge; limits quantity of Treatment High Town proposed as occurring now / with Lebanon. particular materials to reduce Staff COMPLETED Established an toxicity; required reporting to Town inter-municipality contract with by City of Lebanon (co-permittee) Lebanon in 2012 All Hazards/Entire All Hazards Plan – Region 6 – No recommendations in The Town will continue to Town EMD Average Review of all hazards previous plan. participate in any plan updates.
Propose regulations to be Erosion Controls - Enhance Erosion/Entire Planning changed at public hearing / regulations in relation to erosion and Average Continue to enforce ordinance. Town Board COMPLETED Steep Slope other environmental hazards ordinance adopted 2012 Middle School/Dartmouth Printing Erosion Improvements - School and Mitigate Severe Erosion damage Erosion / Lyme Mitigate Severe Erosion damage Dartmouth NA behind these buildings. / No further action required.. Road behind these buildings occurred in Printing COMPLETED in 2010 2002.. Utility Requirements - Map wind Wind Map wind prone areas and Planning Continue to enforce prone areas and require underground Events/Entire High require underground utilities/ Board underground utility requirement utilities Town COMPLETED as now require
57 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Effective- Recommendations in Previous Hazard ness Hazard Mitigation Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Mitigation Action Type/Service (Low, Plan/Actions Taken to Meet Local Agent Improvments Area Average, Recommendations or Why Not High) Met all new subdivisions to have underground utilities. Seismic Assessment and Pursue when resources are Seismic Assessment/Retrofitting - Earthquake/Town Retrofitting of Town Hall and available and study alternative Seismic Assessment and Retrofitting Selectboard Low buildings Public Safety/ DEFERRED due options and locations for of Public Safety/EOC to expense buildings Added new security fencing and 24-hour video surveillance Water Filtration & Water No recommendations in provided by HSEM grant at Reclamation Facilities – Safe and Terrorism Dispatch High previous plan Water Filtration Facility; secure buildings and facility Provide fencing and video at Water Reclamation Facility Continue to distribute and Provide public educational info update brochure and Public Outreach - Provide on hazard event preparation/ publications on the website. educational information for public All Hazards/Entire Town Brochure has been developed Provide link to education site on Average on how to prepare for a hazard Town Manager and distributed by mail and regional web site: “A Citizen’s event. town website / COMPLETED Guide to Hazard Mitigation and 2010 Emergency Preparedness. See Table VI-2. Flooding/Erosion/ DPW Road & Bridge Projects High See Below See Below Entire Town Director
58 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Table VI-2: ROAD & BRIDGE PROJECTS Hazard Recommendations in Previous Hazard Mitigation Plan/ Update/Future Proposed Mitigation Action Type/Service Actions Taken to Meet Recommendations or Why Not Taken Improvements Area Undersized culverts and debris from an unlined swale plugged a number of culverts jeopardizing approximately 1,500 feet of Willow Springs Road Drainage Willow Springs Road. By enlarging culverts, providing debris and Debris Control Improvements catching devices and access points, the roadway and homes can - The project would include debris Flooding/Willow Complete deferred project as be protected. A rainfall event on June 10, 2005 demonstrated control structures, slip lining of a Springs Road described. problems with access, debris removal and inadequate slope and series of culverts, drainage swale demonstrated the need to upgrade drainage facilities to protect riprap protection and tree removal roadways and private homes from similar events. /DEFERRED due to lack of resources Removal and replacement of an 8’ high dry stone retaining wall with a structurally sound precast retaining wall with a dry stone face. The existing 4 – 8’ high retaining wall is 4 – 6’ from the edge of the travel lane and supports the road, water main and Rip Road Retaining Wall sewer. In 2002 the Town replaced the shorter portion of the Reconstruction - Retaining wall Erosion / Rip Road No further action. wall to prevent failure of the road. With the loss of Reservoir reconstruction Road during the June 10, 2005 storm event and inadequate funding to replace, Rip Road is the only north south road except for Route 10, a loss of this road will cut the community in half / COMPLETED 2009 Removal of slope materials and replacement with geotextiles Continue to work on the Hanover Center Road Slope Erosion / Hanover and larger riprap / PORTIONS COMPLETED, but the project Hanover Center Road project in Protection – History of slumping Center Road is being completed in phases additional phases. Ruddsboro Road Retaining Wall Flooding/ Reface existing retaining wall to prevent Mink Brook from No further action – restoration at Mink Brook Ruddsboro Road washing out road/ COMPLETED 2011 The project would include ditch improvements, narrowing of Wolfeboro Road/Thunder Bridge Flooding & road at intersection, storm water sedimentation improvements Continue to monitor Wolfeboro Drainage – Drainage improvements Erosion / and resurfacing of road and bridge deck. Road slope Road and Thunder Bridge at Thunder Ridge Wolfeboro Road continually washes causing sediment to enter Goose Pond. / drainage. COMPLETED 2012 Ruddsboro Road Bridge - Replace Flooding/ Replace Ruddsboro Road Bridge (122/083); needs larger No further action bridges subject to flooding Ruddsboro Road culvert; COMPLETED 2013
59 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
The Town of Hanover will provide a public education and outreach program by using brochures and the town website to reach their citizens. There will also be one-on-one outreach as appropriate. Below is a table showing the potential topics and outreach methods. Dam failure is not included as this is performed by the State Dam bureau in their assessment of all dams in the State. Landslide is also not included as there is only one possible site in town.
Table VI-3: PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH TOPICS Natural Hazard Educational Topics Outreach Methods Multi-Hazard Shelters; evacuation routes; proper evacuation procedures; Town web site emergency kits and family plans Town meeting display Flooding National Flood Insurance Program participation; building in a Town web site floodplain; stormwater runoff; driving on flooded roads; protecting Brochures natural systems which provide flood mitigation; securing property items such as propane tanks prior to a flood Wind Events (Hurricane, Wind retrofits such as shutters, hurricane clips; school and town Town web site Tornado, Downburst official sheltering basics; resident and business sheltering basics; window coverings Severe Winter Weather Installation of carbon monoxide monitor and alarms; ventilation of Town web site fuel-burning equipment; protecting water pipes Thunderstorms/Lightning/Hail Taking cover; staying inside when it thunders Town web site Earthquake Structural and non-structural home retrofitting; securing furnishings Town web site Drought Water-saving measures; crop insurance; soil and water Town web site conservation practices by farmers Extreme Heat Preparing for extreme heat; air conditioning; cooling shelters Town web site Erosion High risk areas; stormwater management; bank stabilization; water Town web site body buffers Wildfire Most vulnerable areas; reducing fuel for fires such as dry brush Town web site; Fire Department and Fire Warden interactions Natural Contaminants Testing for contaminants in air and water Town web site Hazardous Materials Spills What to do if there’s a fuel delivery spill Town web site
60 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
B. NEW MITIGATION PROGRAMS
The Committee evaluated the existing programs and proposed improvements to determine if they were addressing all the hazards they felt could impact the town based upon the updated risk and capability assessment.. Table VII-3 summarizes this evaluation and notes where new programs could be implemented to address all hazards.
Table VI-4: COMMITTEE ASSESSMENT FOR NEW HAZARD MITIGATION ACTIONS Hazard Committee Ideas and Assessment Drought Have Drought Management Plan for water restriction guidance. Consider drafting a water use ordinance and agreements with City of Lebanon and Town of Norwich, VT for sharing water. Earthquake & Severe For earthquake and major wind events, Town already has the State building codes which take these events into account. Town hopes Wind to do a seismic evaluation of Town facilities. Erosion Road maintenance work; regulations for stormwater management in zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations. Extreme The Fire Department already does do “welfare checks” during extreme temperatures and power outages at the homes of the elderly Temperatures and disabled. Shelters set up as heating and cooling shelters during local, state or federal declared emergencies. Flood Member of NFIP and have Floodplain Management Ordinance; do not allow new development in the floodplain; participate in FEMA webinars for flood plain management. Thunderstorms, There have been a few major lightning strikes in town, and the Committee would like to evaluate potential mitigation strategies for Lightning and Hail the school and town buildings to prevent further damage by lightning. Have looked at grounding and lightning arresters and installed new panels at traffic lights, but many instruments would be damaged regardless. Severe Winter The Town does its best to maintain the roads in winter to keep them clear of snow and debris. The Town already has adopted the Weather State’s International Building Code and International Residential Code which are enforced by the Building Inspector. There are already checks on vulnerable populations. Building codes address snow load. Warming shelters provided as necessary. Wildfire There have been a couple instances of campfires starting or potentially starting wildfires. The Town’s activity permit process currently requires Fire Department permission prior to any outdoor fire in addition to State requirement for fire permits. Research authority to require downed tree clean up on private property.
Table VI-5 provides a list of proposed new mitigation actions including ones that had been proposed in the previous plan. If these actions had not been accomplished since the last plan, then there is an explanation, however, all mitigation actions are new.
61 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Table VI-5: PROPOSED NEW MITIGATION ACTIONS Proposed New Mitigation Action Description Hazard Type/Service Responsible Local If Recommended in Area Agent Previous Plan, why was it not put into place? Bridge Replacement – Great Hollow Bridge (098-053) needs to be Flooding and Fire DPW/NHDOT Not in previous plan rehabilitated as it provides one of two accesses to major regional industry Protection / Great Hollow Road Communication Tower Access on Moose Mountain – Fix runoff, Erosion & Wind DPW Not in previous plan drainage and erosion on access road and put utilities underground for Events / Moose protection from storms. Mountain Coleman Brook Culvert – Upgrade culvert on Longwood Lane to Flooding/ Longwood DPW Not in previous plan accommodate flows from beaver dam. Lane Route 10 Bridge/Culvert – Upgrade culvert north of Chieftain Inn to Flooding, Dam Failure/ NHDOT / Not in previous plan increase capacity in dam inundation area. Route 10 Selectboard/DPW Ruddsboro Road Bridge (144-085) Upgrade – Needs greater capacity for Flooding/ Ruddsboro DPW Not in previous plan water Road Water Reclamation Facility Security – Add security fencing, intrusion Terrorism/Water DPW Not in previous plan detection, and video surveillance Reclamation Facility Water Use Ordinance – Create ordinance to prioritize water uses and Wildfire & DPW Not in previous plan require water conservation during periods of drought. Drought/Entire Town Inter-municipal Water Use Agreements – Sharing water resources in Wildfire & DPW Not in previous plan event of emergency with Lebanon and Norwich, VT Drought/Entire Town Wildfire Mitigation Ordinance – Research Fire Department authority to Wildfire/Entire Town Fire Chief Not in previous plan require management/removal of wood debris to reduce fuel load from downed trees NFIP Webinar Training Participation – Participate in NFIP webinar Flood/Entire Town Planning & Zoning Not in previous plan trainings. Departments
C. CRITICAL EVALUATION FOR IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING PROGRAMS AND NEW PROGRAMS
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee reviewed each of the proposed improvements to existing programs and proposed new programs identified for existing mitigation programs using the following factors:
Does it reduce disaster damage? Does it contribute to community objectives? Does it meet existing regulations?
62 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Can it be quickly implemented? Is it socially acceptable? Is it technically feasible? Is it administratively possible? Does the action offer reasonable benefits compared to cost of implementation?
Each mitigation strategy was evaluated and assigned a score (High – 3; Average – 2; and Low – 1) based on the criteria.
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee assigned the following scores to each strategy for its effectiveness related to the critical evaluation factors listed above, and actions had the following scores, with the highest scores suggesting the highest priority. These scores are re-evaluated during each update process for new and existing strategies. Table VI-6 examines the proposed improvements and new strategies and evaluates them as 1: Low; 2: Average; and 3: High for effectiveness looking at several criteria as shown in the table. The totals are then ranked to prioritize the improvements to help the Committee focus on the most effective strategy improvements.
Table VI-6: PRIORITIZING EXISTING PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS AND NEW MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Strategy Improvement
Cost
-
hnically
New
Rank
Possible
Reduce
or Both
Quickly SCORE
Socially TOTAL
Damage Existing Feasible
Mitigate
Objectives
Existing or
Acceptable
Tec
Community Regulations
Implemented
Development
Administratively Administratively
Benefit
1 NFIP Member - continue to be an NFIP member with enforcement of zoning 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH ordinances preventing new building in the floodplain 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH NFIP Training – Participate in NFIP webinar trainings. 1 Shoreland Protection Act - Continue to evaluate development proposals to 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH meet Shoreland Protection Act 1 Dam Maintenance - Continue to regularly evaluate dams for needed 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH maintenance. 1 Tree Maintenance - Continue maintenance program and working with Liberty 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH Utilities. 1 International Building Code - Continue to update the building codes and 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 NEW provide training 1 Industrial Pre-Treatment Program - Continue to maintain contract with 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH Lebanon.
63 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Strategy Improvement
Cost
-
hnically
New
Rank
Possible
Reduce
or Both
Quickly SCORE
Socially TOTAL
Damage Existing Feasible
Mitigate
Objectives
Existing or
Acceptable
Tec
Community Regulations
Implemented
Development
Administratively Administratively
Benefit
1 Hanover Center Road Slope Protection – Continue to work on the Hanover 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH Center Road project in additional phases. 1 Water Reclamation Facility Security – Add security fencing, intrusion 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24 BOTH detection, and video surveillance 2 Stormwater Management - Work on GIS mapping of infrastructure and 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 23 BOTH analysis and use data to plan maintenance. 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 23 BOTH Reservoir Dam Evaluations - Continue to monitor dam condition. 2 Subdivision Regulations – Continue to enforce regulations for underground 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 23 NEW utilities and wetland setbacks. 3 Red List Bridge - Replace Bridge 144/096 on Ruddsboro Road 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH
3 Seismic Assessment of Town Hall and EOC - Study alternative options and 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH building locations 3 Coleman Brook Culvert – Upgrade culvert on Longwood Lane to 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH accommodate flows. 3 Culvert Replacement – Willow Springs (Brook Hollow Condos)/Balch Hill 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH Area, upgrade culverts to increase capacity. 3 Conservation Commission/Fund - Continue wetland permit application 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 22 BOTH review and acquisition of critical parcels of land for hazard mitigation 3 DPW Facilities –Add security fencing and video surveillance 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH
3 Wildfire Mitigation Ordinance – Research Fire Department authority to 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH require management/removal of wood debris to reduce fuel load from downed trees 3 Participate in FEMA Webinars for Flood Plain Management – Planning and 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 22 BOTH Zoning Department to participate in trainings 4 All Hazards Plan – Region 6 – The Town will continue to participate in any 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 21 BOTH plan updates. 4 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 3 21 NEW Erosion Controls - Continue to enforce Subdivision Regulations/ordinance.
64 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Strategy Improvement
Cost
-
hnically
New
Rank
Possible
Reduce
or Both
Quickly SCORE
Socially TOTAL
Damage Existing Feasible
Mitigate
Objectives
Existing or
Acceptable
Tec
Community Regulations
Implemented
Development
Administratively Administratively
Benefit
4 Public Outreach - Continue to distribute and update brochure and publications 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 21 BOTH on the website. Provide link to education site on regional web site: “A Citizen’s Guide to Hazard Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness. See Table VI-2.. 4 Willow Springs Road Drainage and Debris Control Improvements – 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 21 BOTH Upgrade culverts 4 Ruddsboro Road Bridge (144/085) - Upgrade bridge 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 21 BOTH
4 Coleman Brook Culvert – Upgrade culvert on Longwood Lane to 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 21 BOTH accommodate flows. 5 Route 10 Bridge – Encourage State to place bridge north of Chieftain Inn on 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 20 BOTH priority list before it is inundated. 5 Public Works Winter Operations Plan - Build salt shed at the Public Works 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 20 BOTH facility between 2015 and 2020 5 Communication Tower Access on Moose Mountain – Fix runoff, drainage 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 20 BOTH and erosion on access road and put utilities underground for protection from storms. 6 Drought Mitigation Plan - Continue to assess the drought mitigation plan for 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 19 BOTH improvements and use during a drought 6 Water Use Ordinance – Create ordinance to prioritize water uses and require 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 19 BOTH water conservation during periods of drought. 6 Inter-municipal Water Use Agreements – Sharing water resources in event of 1 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 19 BOTH emergency with Lebanon and Norwich, VT 7 Bridge Replacement – Great Hollow Bridge needs to be upgraded 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 2 18 BOTH
8 Town Master Plan – Include references to the Hazard Mitigation Plan when 1 3 3 1 2 3 1 3 17 BOTH Master Plan is updated.
65 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
D. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS
Although this is a hazard mitigation plan, the Committee felt it was important to address new and proposed emergency preparedness actions. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between hazard mitigation and emergency preparedness. Essentially, emergency preparedness is the preparation to act once a hazard has occurred. And as has been discussed previously, hazard mitigation includes actions to eliminate or reduce hazards before they happen. Table VI-7 below is a list of the emergency preparedness actions that the Committee felt should be addressed and included in this plan.
Table VI-7: EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS Effective- Recommendations in Previous ness Hazard Mitigation Plan/Actions Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Action Type/Service Area (Low, Taken to Meet Recommendations or Local Agent Improvements Average, Why Not Met High) Use Reverse 911 to contact all people Emergency Identify specific call areas Dam Breach Preparedness – Public within inundation areas/DEFERRED Preparedness/Inundati Low for each dam to use in Carry out exercises as a drill Works as switched to CodeRed and on Areas drills and emergencies. developing system Dam EAPs - Require Emergency NH DES; No recommendations in previous Updated Town Dam Plan determination of dam failure Preparedness/Entire Town of Average plan. in 2012-2013 impact Town Hanover. Emergency Mutual Aid - Fire, Police, and Police & Fire No recommendations in previous Continue to participate in Preparedness /Entire High Dispatch sharing services Chiefs plan. Mutual Aid Programs Town Emergency Operations Plan - Emergency No recommendations in previous Completed update of plan Determines actions in event of Preparedness /Entire EMD Average plan. in 2014. emergencies Town Need equipment and supplies/Have Emergency Operations Center Emergency mobile backup, need other general Continue to keep - Site for emergency Preparedness/ Entire EMD Average supplies / COMPLETED Have equipment up to date. communications Town acquired laptop, projector, and radio for FD and PD. Red-Cross has certified the Community Center and Red Cross Emergency Shelter - Emergency EMD/Red No recommendations in previous Leverone Field House as Red Cross certified Community Preparedness/ Entire Average Cross plan. shelters Continue Center Town compliance for certified shelters.
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Effective- Recommendations in Previous ness Hazard Mitigation Plan/Actions Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Action Type/Service Area (Low, Taken to Meet Recommendations or Local Agent Improvements Average, Why Not Met High) Fire Continue to improve HazMat Plan - Plan with Emergency Chief/Local communications with Lebanon and local industry in Preparedness/ Entire Emergency Average No recommendations in previous plan neighboring communities case of HazMat spill Town Planning and local industries. Commission Infectious Disease Control Exercises - Preparation for Emergency No recommendations in previous Continue to participate in actual disease outbreak with Preparedness/Entire EMD Average plan. exercises and clinics. table top exercises and flu shot Town clinics None/Added although existing Construct a structure to Emergency Shelters - Provides Emergency previously / COMPLETED the meet seismic codes to be shelter during multiple hazards Preparedness/Entire EMD Average Recreational Center and Levrone used as an emergency to the public Town Field House are Red-Cross Certified shelter. Shelters Communication with Improve working relationship with Continue to maintain Dartmouth College and Emergency schools/ Communication with the communication with Schools - Meet with schools on a Multiple Preparedness/Entire Average college and schools are improved; Dartmouth and local regular basis to prepare for Agents Town Dartmouth has improved emergency Schools regarding hazardous events planning efforts. emergency planning.
Obtain microwave link to Hayes Hill in Etna for dispatch services to 22 town-region so not reliant on vulnerable land lines. Need to Working on a proposal to provide an alternative loop to get to go wireless from the Police Hayes Hill from the Police Emergency Dispatch to Moose Dispatch. Currently all of Hanover’s Emergency Communication - Preparedness/Entire Average Average Mountain to Hayes Hill Rd. radios leave the Police Dispatch on Town Plan in place to fund either municipal copper or Fair Point project in 2015-2016 copper and go south on Route Budget 10. Should a catastrophic accident completely sever all of the lines on the pole south of the Police Dispatch, communications would be lost. All of
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Effective- Recommendations in Previous ness Hazard Mitigation Plan/Actions Responsible Update/Future Proposed Existing Action Type/Service Area (Low, Taken to Meet Recommendations or Local Agent Improvements Average, Why Not Met High) Hanover’s antenna sites currently have emergency power LEOP Terrorism - The annex Emergency The annex in LEOP with adequately LEOP Annex to be updated in LEOP with adequately address Preparedness/ Entire Public Safety Average address terrorism-related gaps/needs in 2014 terrorism-related gaps/needs Town Subdivision Access - Secondary Emergency Access to new subdivisions or Planning Continue to enforce second Preparedness/Entire Average No recommendations in previous plan those with high density since Board access requirement. Town 2006 Fuel Storage – Increase diesel Emergency DPW fuel storage to 20,000 gallons in Preparedness/Entire NA No recommendations in previous plan New Proposal preparation for severe storms and Town supply shortages Communication Tower on Emergency DPW Moose Mountain – Acquire Preparedness / Moose NA No recommendations in previous plan New Proposal generator for tower Mountain Traffic Lights – Acquire small Emergency Hanover PD generators for traffic signals in Preparedness / and DPW NA No recommendations in previous plan New Proposal event of power outage (10 Downtown generators) Guard Rail – Install guard rails Emergency DPW on certain roads as current Preparedness / Good conditions are unsafe for Fellow, Lynne, and NA No recommendations in previous plan New Proposal residents, first responders and Pinneo Hill public works crews during severe winter storms.
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VII. PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
The Hanover Hazard Mitigation Committee created the following action plan for implementation of priority mitigation strategies. The “when” column tells generally when the action will occur. “By application” simply means that the action will occur each time a development application is received by the Town for review and approval. The community will begin working on the actions as soon as the plan is approved and they are eligible for receiving funding and will complete the actions as listed completion timeframe below. The prioritized implementation table is a combination of new activities and those carried over or modified from the previous plan and the prioritizations were completed based on an updated risk assessment completed during the update process. The method of accessing risk was constant from the previous plan to the updated version.
The timeframe’s for project completion are defined as:
SHORT TERM: 1 years or less, or ongoing MEDIUM TERM: 2-3 years LONG TERM: 4-5 years
Table VII-1: PRIORITIZED IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE FOR EXISTING PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS
Mitigation Action Leadership When Funding Sources Estimated Cost
Planning & Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 NFIP Member - continue to be an NFIP member with enforcement of zoning Zoning Throughout life Time ordinances preventing new building in the floodplain of the plan Planning & Short Term Taxes – Staff $0 NFIP Training – Participate in NFIP webinar trainings. Zoning Time Planning & Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 Shoreland Protection Act - Continue to evaluate development proposals to meet Zoning Throughout life Time Shoreland Protection Act of the plan Dam Maintenance - Continue to regularly evaluate dams for needed maintenance. DPW Director OngoingThroug Taxes – Staff $0
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Mitigation Action Leadership When Funding Sources Estimated Cost
hout life of the Time plan DPW Director Ongoing on a Taxes – Staff $0 Tree Maintenance - Continue maintenance program and working with Liberty monthly basis Time Utilities. for the life of the plan Planning & Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 International Building Code - Continue to update the building codes and provide Zoning Throughout life Time training of the plan DPW Director Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 Industrial Pre-Treatment Program - Continue to maintain contract with Lebanon. Throughout life Time of the plan Hanover Center Road Slope Protection – Continue to work on the Hanover Center DPW Director Medium Term Taxes; HazMit $25,000 Road project in additional phases. grants Water Reclamation Facility Security – Add security fencing, intrusion detection, DPW Long Term DHS SHSP $100,000 and video surveillance Grant Stormwater Management - Work on GIS mapping of infrastructure and analysis DPW Director Medium Term Taxes – Staff $0 and use data to plan maintenance. Time
DPW Director Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 Reservoir Dam Evaluations - Continue to monitor dam condition. Throughout life Time of the plan Planning & Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 Subdivision Regulations – Continue to enforce regulations for underground utilities Zoning Throughout life Time and wetland setbacks. of the plan Ruddsboro Road Bridge Upgrade - Replace Bridge 144/085 DPW Director Shot Term Taxes; HazMit $130,000 Grants Seismic Assessment of Town Hall and EOC - Study alternative options and Planning & Long Term Taxes; HazMit Dependent building locations Zoning grants upon bids Coleman Brook Culvert – Upgrade culvert on Longwood Lane to accommodate DPW Director Long Term Taxes; HazMit $60,000 flows. grants Culvert Replacement – Willow Springs (Brook Hollow Condos)/Balch Hill Area, DPW Director Long Term Taxes; HazMit $100,000 upgrade culverts to increase capacity. grants
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Mitigation Action Leadership When Funding Sources Estimated Cost
Conservation Ongoing on a CC Fund Unknown Conservation Commission/Fund - Continue wetland permit application review and Commission monthly basis until acquisition of critical parcels of land for hazard mitigation for the life of properties the plan found DPW Facilities –Add security fencing and video surveillance Dispatch Long Term Taxes; HazMit $30,000 grants Wildfire Mitigation Ordinance – Research Fire Department authority to require Fire Department Short Term Taxes – Staff $0 management/removal of wood debris to reduce fuel load from downed trees Time Town Manager; Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 All Hazards Plan – The Town will continue to participate in any plan updates. EMD Throughout life Time of the plan Planning & Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 Erosion Controls - Continue to enforce Subdivision Regulations/ordinance. Zoning Throughout life Time of the plan Town Manager Ongoing on a Taxes – Staff $0 Public Outreach - Continue to distribute and update brochure and publications on monthly basis Time the website. Provide link to education site on regional web site: “A Citizen’s Guide for the life of to Hazard Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness. See Table VI-2.. the plan Willow Springs Road Drainage and Debris Control Improvements – Upgrade DPW Director Long Term Taxes & HazMit $100,000 culverts Grants Ruddsboro Road Bridge (144/085) - Upgrade bridge DPW Director Short Term Taxes & HazMit $130,000 Grants Coleman Brook Culvert – Upgrade culvert on Longwood Lane to accommodate DPW Director Long Term Taxes & HazMit $60,000 flows. Grants Route 10 Bridge – Encourage State to place bridge north of Chieftain Inn on priority DPW Director Long Term Taxes & HazMit $500,000 list before it is inundated. Grants DPW Director Medium Term Taxes & HazMit $400,000 Public Works Winter Operations Plan - Build salt shed at the Public Works facility Grants Communication Tower Access on Moose Mountain – Fix runoff, drainage and DPW Director Long term Taxes & HazMit $75,000 erosion on access road and put utilities underground for protection from storms. Grants Stormwater Management – Update and complete GIS mapping of infrastructure DPW Director Ongoing on a Taxes – Staff $0 and analysis and use data to plan culvert maintenance and upgrades monthly basis Time for the life of
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Mitigation Action Leadership When Funding Sources Estimated Cost
the plan DPW Director Ongoing Taxes – Staff $0 Drought Mitigation Plan - Continue to assess the drought mitigation plan for Throughout life Time improvements and use during a drought of the plan Water Use Ordinance – Create ordinance to prioritize water uses and require water DPW Short Term Taxes – Staff $0 conservation during periods of drought. Time Inter-municipal Water Use Agreements – Sharing water resources in event of DPW Medium Term Taxes – Staff $0 emergency with Lebanon and Norwich, VT Time Great Hollow Bridge Upgrade DPW Director Medium Term Taxes & HazMit $25,000 Grants Town Master Plan – Include references to the Hazard Mitigation Plan when Master Planning & Medium Term Taxes – Staff $0 Plan is updated. Zoning Time
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VIII. ADOPTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN
A good plan needs to provide for periodic monitoring and evaluation of its successes and challenges, and to allow for updates of the Plan where necessary. In order to track progress and update the Mitigation Strategies identified in the Plan, the Town of Hanover will revisit the Hazard Mitigation Plan annually, or within 90 days after a hazard event. The Hanover Emergency Management Director will initiate this review and should consult with the Hazard Mitigation Committee. Changes will be made to the plan to accommodate for projects that have failed, or that are not considered feasible after a review for their consistency with the evaluation criteria, the timeframe, the community’s priorities, and funding resources. Priorities that were not ranked highest, but that were identified as potential mitigation strategies, will be reviewed as well during the monitoring and update of this plan, to determine feasibility for future implementation. Previously, the review of the Hazard Mitigation Plan following a disaster has not been formally completed; however, it has been used as a resource to shift infrastructure priorities following storm events. The plan will be updated and submitted for FEMA approval at a minimum every five years as required by the Disaster Mitigation Act 2000.
A. IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH EXISTING PROGRAMS
Many municipalities have web sites where they can share information about hazard mitigation and emergency management. The use of the web site by its citizens is often dictated by the availability of broadband service to easily access the web. The Town of Hanover has provided a link to the Regional Planning Commission’s web page, “A Citizen’s Guide to Hazard Mitigation and Emergency Management.”
Municipalities have documents to convey town goals and objectives that are used to guide future programs. They can be used to promote and implement hazard mitigation. A Municipal Master Plan outlines how the community wants to grow and develop. It includes overall goals and objectives of the community and recommendations for ordinances and regulations to accomplish those goals. A zoning ordinance is a common vehicle to implement goals of the master plan and regulates land use. It can be used to restrict development in flood zones, steep sloped areas, buffer zones around wetlands and water bodies, drinking water recharge areas, hillsides, and ridgelines. These areas may be “overlay districts” mapped out for protection. A zoning ordinance can also require best management practices in forestry and timber harvesting and stormwater management to prevent erosion. A floodplain management plan is part of the zoning ordinance and has typically followed a format recommended by the NH Flood Management Program.
Other municipal documents include regulations such as Curb Cut Regulations, Excavation Regulations, Subdivision Regulations and Site Plan Review Regulations. Curb Cut Regulations are used to make sure the culverts at the intersection of driveways and roads are adequate to handle runoff water or stream flow. Excavation Regulations are used to restrict the removal of earth including distance to
73 Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 seasonal high water table and the requirements to restore the site once the excavation is completed. This is essential to make sure the area is graded and re-vegetated to reduce the chances of erosion. Subdivision Regulations determine how lots are to be laid out in a subdivision. This might include requirements for fire protection, stormwater runoff management, vegetated buffers, and reference back to the zoning ordinance. Site Plan Review Regulations are for multi-family housing and commercial development. Again, these regulations refer back to the zoning ordinance. The regulations can determine site specific development requirements such as parking, open space, vegetated buffers, and traffic flow.
Subdivision Regulations and Site Plan Review Regulations typically refer back to the Zoning Ordinance, so it may be more effective to amend the zoning ordinance to address hazard mitigation through specific restrictions though this can vary by municipality.
Another important municipal document is the Capital Improvements Program which is a “budget of the future” to consider potential capital expenditures such as new roads, major road improvements, equipment, schools, parks. This allows a systematic evaluation of potential projects. The town has used the Hazard Mitigation Plan in the writing of the Capital Improvements Program to guide in planning for infrastructure repairs and maintenance. Any capital expenditures related to hazard mitigation in the future will continue be incorporated into this document.
There are other regulations and ordinances that municipalities may adopt such as to regulate water use during a drought or restrict development in areas around drinking water sources. This all varies by municipality.
It should also be noted that many municipalities do not update these documents very often, and some towns do not have them at all. However, where they exist, they offer the potential to include hazard mitigation and emergency management topics.
The Town of Hanover’s last master plan was revised in 2003. A core principle tangentially related to hazard mitigation is to protect and preserve natural resources including open space, wildlife habitat, water and wetlands, agricultural and forestry lands and associated recreational resources. Key elements to guide development include restricting development in areas not served by municipal water and sewer to minimize impacts on natural resources and to prevent further spread of sprawled residential use of those areas; restrict development in the high elevation and the more isolated parts of remote Hanover. The master plan addresses land capability for development citing constraints such as steep slopes, shallow depth-to-bedrock soils, wetlands, and flood plains. The plan also recommends protection of fragile environmental areas such as wetlands, aquifers, areas subject to flooding, steep slopes, and important wildlife habitats from inappropriate land use. Though the plan includes many elements related to hazard mitigation, it has not yet been updated to include specific reference to the hazard mitigation plan.
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The Town of Hanover’s zoning ordinance is frequently updated to meet changing needs and was last updated on May 13, 2014. The Subdivision Regulations were last updated on November 21, 2006. The Site Plan Review Regulations were last updated on September 28, 2010. There have been no significant changes in the zoning ordinance or the regulations related to hazard mitigation since the last hazard mitigation plan of 2009.
The Hanover Water Works Company (owned by the Town and Dartmouth College) adopted a Drought Management Plan on November 28, 2005 to provide guidance in conserving water during a drought. These are only recommendations as there are no regulations to enforce the plan.
The Town adopted the State Building Codes which were changed by the State around 2009 to include the International Building Code. This code addresses construction to withstand major wind events, seismic events, and snow load for our area.
B. CONTINUED PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
The public will continue to be invited to participate in the hazard mitigation planning process. In future years, a public meeting will be held (separate from the adoption hearing) to inform and educate members of the public. It is hoped that a separate meeting discussing hazard mitigation and emergency management will create more interest in the process. Additionally, a press release to local newspapers (to be published at their discretion) will be distributed and information will be posted on the Town website and on the two bulletin boards.
Copies of the Hazard Mitigation Plan will be shared with the following parties for reference:
Select Board Offices in neighboring towns NH Homeland Security & Emergency Management Hanover Select Board, Conservation Commission, and Planning Board Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission
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RESOURCES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS PLAN
FEMA Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance Under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, March 2004, Last Revised June 2007
FEMA 386-1 Getting Started: Building Support for Mitigation Planning, September 2002
FEMA 386-2 Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Costs, August 2001
FEMA 386-3 Developing the Mitigation Plan: Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementation Strategies, April 2003
Ice Storm ’98 by Eugene L. Lecomte et al for the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (Canada) and the Institute for Business & Home Safety (U.S.), December 1998
Town of Hanover Emergency Operations Plan, 2009
Town of Hanover Master Plan, 2003
NH HSEM’s State of New Hampshire Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, Update 2013 www.fema.gov/news/disasters.fema: Website for FEMA’s Disaster List www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms: Website for National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Disaster List www.tornadoproject.com: Website for The Tornado Project www.crrel.usace.army.mil/: Website for Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Website (CRREL) www.nesec.org: Website for Northeast States Emergency Consortium http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/products_data/2002/ceus2002.php: Website for area earthquake information
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Technical Resources
Appendix B: Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grants
Appendix C: Meeting Documentation
Appendix D: Map of Hazard Areas and Critical Facilities
Appendix E: Town Adoption & FEMA Approvals of Hazard Mitigation Plan
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDIX A:
Technical Resources
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL RESOURCES
1) Agencies
New Hampshire Homeland Security and Emergency Management Hazard Mitigation Section ...... 271-2231 Federal Emergency Management Agency ...... (617) 223-4175 NH Regional Planning Commissions: Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission ...... 448-1680 NH Executive Department: Governor’s Office of Energy and Community Services ...... 271-2611 New Hampshire Office of State Planning ...... 271-2155 NH Department of Cultural Affairs: ...... 271-2540 Division of Historical Resources ...... 271-3483 NH Department of Environmental Services: ...... 271-3503 Air Resources ...... 271-1370 Waste Management ...... 271-2900 Water Resources ...... 271-3406 Water Supply and Pollution Control ...... 271-3504 Rivers Management and Protection Program ...... 271-1152 NH Office of Energy and Planning ...... 271-2155 NH Municipal Association ...... 224-7447 NH Fish and Game Department ...... 271-3421 NH Department of Resources and Economic Development: ...... 271-2411 Natural Heritage Inventory ...... 271-3623 Division of Forests and Lands ...... 271-2214 Division of Parks and Recreation ...... 271-3255 NH Department of Transportation ...... 271-3734 Northeast States Emergency Consortium, Inc. (NESEC) ...... (781) 224-9876 US Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: National Weather Service; Gray, Maine ...... 207-688-3216
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
US Department of the Interior: US Fish and Wildlife Service ...... 225-1411 US Geological Survey ...... 225-4681 US Army Corps of Engineers ...... (978) 318-8087 US Department of Agriculture: Natural Resource Conservation Service ...... 868-7581
2) Mitigation Funding Resources
404 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management 406 Public Assistance and Hazard Mitigation ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) ...... NH HSEM, NH OEP, also refer to RPC Dam Safety Program ...... NH Department of Environmental Services Disaster Preparedness Improvement Grant (DPIG) ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Emergency Generators Program by NESEC‡ ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) Program ...... USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMAP) ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Flood Plain Management Services (FPMS) ...... US Army Corps of Engineers Mitigation Assistance Planning (MAP) ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Mutual Aid for Public Works ...... NH Municipal Association National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) † ...... NH Office of Energy and Planning Power of Prevention Grant by NESEC‡ ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Project Impact ...... NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management Roadway Repair & Maintenance Program(s) ...... NH Department of Transportation Section 14 Emergency Stream Bank Erosion & Shoreline Protection ...... US Army Corps of Engineers Section 103 Beach Erosion ...... US Army Corps of Engineers Section 205 Flood Damage Reduction ...... US Army Corps of Engineers Section 208 Snagging and Clearing ...... US Army Corps of Engineers Shoreland Protection Program ...... NH Department of Environmental Services Various Forest and Lands Program(s) ...... NH Department of Resources and Economic Development Wetlands Programs ...... …..NH Department of Environmental Services
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
‡NESEC – Northeast States Emergency Consortium, Inc. is a 501(c)(3), not-for-profit natural disaster, multi-hazard mitigation and emergency management organization located in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Please, contact NH OEM for more information.
† Note regarding National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and Community Rating System (CRS): The National Flood Insurance Program has developed suggested floodplain management activities for those communities who wish to more thoroughly manage or reduce the impact of flooding in their jurisdiction. Through use of a rating system (CRS rating), a community’s floodplain management efforts can be evaluated for effectiveness. The rating, which indicates an above average floodplain management effort, is then factored into the premium cost for flood insurance policies sold in the community. The higher the rating achieved in that community, the greater the reduction in flood insurance premium costs for local property owners. The NH Office of State Planning can provide additional information regarding participation in the NFIP-CRS Program.
3) Websites
Sponsor Internet Address Summary of Contents Searchable database of references and links to Natural Hazards Research Center, U. of Colorado http://www.colorado.edu/litbase/hazards/ many disaster-related websites. Atlantic Hurricane Tracking Data by Year http://wxp.eas.purdue.edu/hurricane Hurricane track maps for each year, 1886 – 1996 Association of state emergency management National Emergency Management Association http://nemaweb.org directors; list of mitigation projects. NASA – Goddard Space Flight Center “Disaster Searchable database of sites that encompass a wide http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/ndrd/disaster/ Finder: range of natural disasters. Searchable database of worldwide natural NASA Natural Disaster Reference Database http://ltpwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/ndrd/main/html disasters. General information through the federal-state U.S. State & Local Gateway http://www.statelocal.gov/ partnership. Central page for National Weather Warnings, National Weather Service http://nws.noaa.gov/ updated every 60 seconds.
USGS Real Time Hydrologic Data http://h20.usgs.gov/public/realtime.html Provisional hydrological data
Dartmouth Flood Observatory http://www.dartmouth.edu/artsci/geog/floods/ Observations of flooding situations. FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program, Searchable site for access of Community Status http://www.fema.gov/fema/csb.htm Community Status Book Books Tracking and NWS warnings for Atlantic Florida State University Atlantic Hurricane Site http://www.met.fsu.edu/explores/tropical.html Hurricanes and other links
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Sponsor Internet Address Summary of Contents Information and listing of appropriate publications National Lightning Safety Institute http://lightningsafety.com/ regarding lightning safety. NASA Optical Transient Detector http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/otd.html Space-based sensor of lightning strikes General hazard information developed for the LLNL Geologic & Atmospheric Hazards http://wwwep.es.llnl.gov/wwwep/ghp.html Dept. of Energy. Information on tornadoes, including details of The Tornado Project Online http://www.tornadoroject.com/ recent impacts. National Severe Storms Laboratory http://www.nssl.uoknor.edu/ Information about and tracking of severe storms. Independent Insurance Agents of America IIAA http://www.iiaa.iix.com/ndcmap.htm A multi-disaster risk map. Natural Disaster Risk Map Earth Satellite Corporation http://www.earthsat.com/ Flood risk maps searchable by state. USDA Forest Service Web http://www.fs.fed.us/land Information on forest fires and land management.
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDIX B:
Hazard Mitigation Assistance Grants
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDIX B: HAZARD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE GRANTS
Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA) grant programs of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), presents a critical opportunity to protect individuals and property from natural hazards while simultaneously reducing reliance on Federal disaster funds. The HMA programs provide pre-disaster mitigation grants annually to local communities. The statutory origins of the programs differ, but all share the common goal of reducing the loss of life and property due to natural hazards. Eligible applicants include State-level agencies including State institutions; Federally recognized Indian Tribal governments; Public or Tribal colleges or universities (PDM only); and Local jurisdictions.
All subapplicants for Flood Mitigation Assistance Program (FMA) must currently be participating in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to be eligible to apply for this grant. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) and Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) mitigation project subapplications for projects sited within a special flood hazard area are eligible only if the jurisdiction in which the project is located is participating in the NFIP. There is no NFIP participation requirement for HMGP and PDM project subapplications located outside the special flood hazard area. Properties included in a project subapplication for FMA funding must be NFIP-insured at the time of the application submittal. Flood insurance must be maintained at least through completion of the mitigation activity.
The HMA grant assistance includes three programs:
1. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP): This program assists in the implementation of long-term hazard mitigation measures following a major disaster.
2. The Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program: This provides funds for hazard mitigation planning and the implementation of mitigation projects prior to a disaster event. Funding these plans and projects reduces overall risks to the population and structures, while also reducing reliance on funding from actual disaster declarations. PDM grants are awarded on a competitive basis.
3. The Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program: This provides funds so that cost-effective measures can be taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures insured under the NFIP. The long-term goal of FMA is to reduce or eliminate claims under the NFIP through mitigation activities.
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Potential eligible projects are shown in the following table by grant program. For further information on these programs visit the following FEMA websites:
HMGP - http://www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigation-grant-program
PDM – www.fema.gov/government/grant/pdm/
FMA – www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma
Mitigation Project: HMPG PDM FMA 1. Mitigation Projects X X X Property Acquisition and Structure Demolition X X X Property Acquisition and Structure Relocation X X X Structure Elevation X X X Mitigation Reconstruction X Dry Floodproofing of Historic Residential Structures X X X Dry Floodproofing of Non-residential Structures X X X Minor Localized Flood Reduction Projects X X X Structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings X X Non-structural Retrofitting of Existing Buildings and Facilities X X X Safe Room Construction X X Wind Retrofit for One- and Two-Family Residences X X Infrastructure Retrofit X X X Soil Stabilization X X X Wildfire Mitigation X X Post-Disaster Code Enforcement X Generators X X 5% Initiative Projects X Advance Assistance X 2. Hazard Mitigation Planning X X X 3. Management Costs X X X
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
OTHER HAZARD MITIGATION ASSISTANCE FUNDING
Environmental Protection Agency The EPA makes available funds for water management and wetlands protection programs that help mitigate against future costs associated with hazard damage.
Mitigation Funding Sources Details Notes Program Clean Water Act Section 319 Grants Grants for water source management programs including technical assistance, financial Funds are provided only to assistance, education, training, technology transfer, demonstration projects, and designated state and tribal regulation. agencies http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/cwact.html Clean Water State Revolving Funds State grants to capitalize loan funds. States make loans to communities, individuals, States and Puerto Rico and others for high-priority water-quality activities. http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/initiative/srf.html Wetland Program Development Funds for projects that promote research, investigations, experiments, training, See website Grants demonstrations, surveys, and studies relating to the causes, effects, extent, prevention, reduction, and elimination of water pollution. http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/initiative/#financial
National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) NOAA is the major source for mitigation funding related to coastal zone management and other coastal protection projects.
Mitigation Funding Details Notes Sources Program Coastal Services Funds for coastal wetlands management and protection, natural hazards management, public May only be used to implement and Center Cooperative access improvement, reduction of marine debris, special area management planning, and ocean enhance the states' approved Agreements resource planning. Coastal Zone Management http://www.csc.noaa.gov/funding/ programs Coastal Services Formula and program enhancement grants for implementing and enhancing Coastal Zone Formula grants require non-federal Center Grant Management programs that have been approved by the Secretary of Commerce. match Opportunities http://www.csc.noaa.gov/funding/ Coastal Zone The Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM) provides federal funding and Funding is reserved for the nation's Management Program technical assistance to better manage our coastal resources. 34 state and territory Coastal Zone http://coastalmanagement.noaa.gov/funding/welcome.html Management Programs Marine and Coastal Funding for habitat restoration, including wetland restoration and dam removal. Funding available for state, local Habitat Restoration http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/habitat/recovery/ and tribal governments and for- and non-profit organizations.
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Floodplain, Wetland and Watershed Protection Programs USACE and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service offer funding and technical support for programs designed to protect floodplains, wetlands, and watersheds.
Funding and Technical Assistance Details Notes for Wetlands and Floodplains Program USACE Planning Assistance to States Fund plans for the development and conservation of water resources, dam safety, flood 50 percent non- (PAS) damage reduction and floodplain management. federal match http://www.lre.usace.army.mil/planning/assist.html USACE Flood Plain Management Technical support for effective floodplain management. See website Services (FPMS) http://www.lrl.usace.army.mil/p3md-o/article.asp?id=9&MyCategory=126 USACE Environmental Laboratory Guidance for implementing environmental programs such as ecosystem restoration and reuse See website of dredged materials. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/index.cfm U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Coastal Matching grants to states for acquisition, restoration, management or enhancement of coastal States only. Wetlands Conservation Grant Program wetlands. 50 percent federal http://ecos.fws.gov/coastal_grants/viewContent.do?viewPage=home share U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Partners Program that provides financial and technical assistance to private landowners interested in Funding for for Fish and Wildlife Program restoring degraded wildlife habitat. volunteer-based http://ecos.fws.gov/partners/viewContent.do?viewPage=home programs
Housing and Urban Development
The Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) administered by HUD can be used to fund hazard mitigation projects.
Mitigation Funding Details Notes Sources Program Community Grants to develop viable communities, principally for low and moderate income persons. CDBG funds Disaster funds contingent Development Block available through Disaster Recovery Initiative. upon Presidential disaster Grants (CDBG) http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/ declaration Disaster Recovery Disaster relief and recovery assistance in the form of special mortgage financing for rehabilitation of Individuals Assistance impacted homes. http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/dri/assistance.cfm Neighborhood Funding for the purchase and rehabilitation of foreclosed and vacant property in order to renew State and local Stabilization Program neighborhoods devastated by the economic crisis. governments and non- http://www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/programs/neighborhoodspg/ profits
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has two technical assistance programs focused on fire mitigation strategies at the community level.
Mitigation Funding Details Notes Sources Program Community Assistance Focuses on mitigation/prevention, education, and outreach. National Fire Prevention and Education teams are sent to areas See and Protection across the country at-risk for wildland fire to work with local residents. website Program http://www.blm.gov/nifc/st/en/prog/fire/community_assistance.html Firewise Communities Effort to involve homeowners, community leaders, planners, developers, and others in the effort to protect people, property, See Program and natural resources from the risk of wildland fire before a fire starts. http://www.firewise.org/ website
U.S. Department of Agriculture There are multiple mitigation funding and technical assistance opportunities available from the USDA and its various sub-agencies: the Farm Service Agency, Forest Service, and Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Mitigation Funding Sources Agency Details Notes Program USDA Smith-Lever Special Needs Grants to State Extension Services at 1862 Land-Grant Institutions to support education-based Population under Funding approaches to addressing emergency preparedness and disasters. 20,000 http://www.csrees.usda.gov/funding/rfas/smith_lever.html USDA Community Facilities This program provides an incentive for commercial lending that will develop essential Population under Guaranteed Loan Program community facilities, such as fire stations, police stations, and other public buildings. 20,000 http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rhs/cf/cp.htm USDA Community Facilities Direct Loans for essential community facilities. Population of less Loans http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rhs/cf/cp.htm than 20,000 USDA Community Facilities Direct Grants to develop essential community facilities. Population of less Grants http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/rhs/cf/cp.htm than 20,000 USDA Farm Service Agency Disaster Emergency funding and technical assistance for farmers and ranchers to rehabilitate farmland Farmers and Assistance Programs and livestock damaged by natural disasters. http://www.fsa.usda.gov/ ranchers USDA Forest Service National Fire Funding for organizing, training, and equipping fire districts through Volunteer, State and Rural See website Plan Fire Assistance programs. Technical assistance for fire related mitigation. http://www.forestsandrangelands.gov/ USDA Forest Service Economic Funds for preparation of Fire Safe plans to reduce fire hazards and utilize byproducts of fuels 80% of total cost of Action Program management activities in a value-added fashion. http://www.fs.fed.us/spf/coop/programs/eap/ project may be covered USDA Natural Resources Funds for implementing emergency measures in watersheds in order to relieve imminent hazards See website Conservation Service Emergency to life and property created by a natural disaster. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/ewp/ Watershed Protection Support
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Mitigation Funding Sources Agency Details Notes Program Services
USDA Natural Resources Funds for soil conservation; flood prevention; conservation, development, utilization and See website Conservation Service Watershed disposal of water; and conservation and proper utilization of land. Protection and Flood Prevention http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/watershed/index.html
Health and Economic Agencies Alternative mitigation programs can be found through health and economic agencies that provide loans and grants aimed primarily at disaster relief.
Federal Loans and Grants for Disaster Details Notes Relief Agency Program Department of Health & Human Services Provide disaster relief funds to those SUAs and tribal organizations who are Areas designated in a Disaster Assistance for State Units on currently receiving a grant under Title VI of the Older Americans Act. Disaster Declaration issued Aging (SUAs) http://www.aoa.gov/doingbus/fundopp/fundopp.asp by the President Economic Development Administration Grants that support public works, economic adjustment assistance, and planning. The maximum investment (EDA) Economic Development Certain funds allocated for locations recently hit by major disasters. rate shall not exceed 50 Administration Investment Programs http://www.eda.gov/AboutEDA/Programs.xml percent of the project cost U.S. Small Business Administration Low-interest, fixed rate loans to small businesses for the purpose of implementing Must meet SBA approved Small Business Administration Loan mitigation measures. Also available for disaster damaged property. credit rating Program http://www.sba.gov/services/financialassistance/index.html
Research Agencies The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) provide grant money for hazard mitigation-related research efforts.
Hazard Mitigation Research Details Notes Grants Agency Program National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants for small-scale, exploratory, high-risk research having a severe urgency with regard to See website Decision, Risk, and Management natural or anthropogenic disasters and similar unanticipated events. Sciences Program (DRMS) http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=5423&org=SES U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) The purpose of NEHRP is to provide products for earthquake loss reduction to the public and Community with a National Earthquake Hazards private sectors by carrying out research on earthquake occurrence and effects. population under Reduction Program http://www.usgs.gov/contracts/nehrp/ 20,000
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Appendix C: Meeting Documentation
Meeting #1: Tuesday, December 10, 2013 1:00 – 3:00 PM (2 hours) General discussion of requirements and in-kind match process Review goals of hazard mitigation plan and revise (hand out) Review hazards (see poster – Add hazards? Remove hazards?) Identify and map past/potential hazards (update map & lists in Chapter 2) Flooding – Are there any non-FEMA flood areas? Specific past and potential events of hazards not in 2008 plan (recent events) Potential development areas in town (compare with list in 2008 plan) Identify critical facilities (update map and list) Determine Vulnerability to Hazards for Town Determine Probability of Hazards for Town Review Critical Facilities & hazard vulnerability Discuss future meetings, public notice, stakeholders to be notified, notices to abutting towns
Meeting #2 Tuesday, January 14, 2014 12:00 – 2:00 (2 hours) Review previously determined potential mitigation efforts (were they implemented? If not, why not and are they still on the table to be implemented?) Brainstorm improvements to existing mitigation efforts Brainstorm potential new mitigation efforts
Meeting #3 Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:00 – 3:00 (2 hours) Evaluate the past and potential mitigation efforts Develop a prioritized implementation schedule and discuss the adoption and monitoring of the plan
Meeting #4 Tuesday, February 11, 2014 1:00 – 2:00 (1 hour) Review and revise draft plan
Meeting #5 Friday, September 12, 2014 1:00 – 2:30 (1 ½ hours) Final review of plan
TOWN of HANOVER NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING
There will be a Public Meeting starting at 1:00 p.m. on Friday, September 12, 2014 in the Upstairs Meeting Room of the Public Safety Building at 46 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, to Consider and Review Final Amendments to the Town of Hanover’s Hazard Mitigation Plan.
HANOVER TOWN MANAGER
TOWN of HANOVER NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING
There will be a Public Meeting starting at 1:00 p.m. on Friday, September 12, 2014 in the Upstairs Meeting Room of the Public Safety Building at 46 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, to Consider and Review Final Amendments to the Town of Hanover’s Hazard Mitigation Plan.
HANOVER TOWN MANAGER
VN_Friday, Aug 29, 2014_C2 Cyan Magenta Yellow Black
Page C2 — Entertainment Valley News — Friday, August 29, 2014 Novel Arrives at a Key Moment in Debate About Race Book Notes: Hanover Guide Continued from Page C 1 Continued from Page C 1 as Kelly delves deeper into Martin’s past, a trou- ines. But the depiction of cultural dissonance is replaced Kelly’s bootleg tapes of N.W.A. and get in at least one waterfall, which we bling secret agenda emerges. incisive, from Kelly’s ability to anger his Chi- Public Enemy, but conversations about race still did with Slade Brook. And I didn’t Like Helen Oyeyemi, whose terrific novel Boy, nese wife by making a party game out of reciting make him squirm. He’s not the only one who want to overdo it with the Appala- Snow, Bird addressed the perils of “passing” in a ancient proverbs (“You’re supposed to meditate struggles. “I am the epitome of a black upwardly chian Trail.” unique and fascinating way earlier this year, Row on these things, not broadcast them like songs on mobile female blah blah blah,” says Robin, Mar- If he ever does a follow-up guide uses this setup to intelligently explore questions the radio! ... You think you’re becoming Chinese, tin’s wife, to whom Kelly is drawn. “But as it turns exploring other areas, Smith would of identity, and he doesn’t turn away and you’re not. You’re becoming a out I can’t hold a conversation with a white person welcome working with a publisher from the awkwardness or unpleas- parrot.”) to the way in which a bira- for more than five minutes on the subject of race. such as Countryman Press in Wood- antness the subject of race can ignite. Row doesn’t turn cial high school friend scorns his Maybe those two things go together.” stock, which publishes the 50 Hikes What if the patients all want to be youthful obsession with hip-hop. Row also delivers a subtle dissection of the series of books on trails through the white? Kelly wonders aloud. (The away from the “I get De La Soul. Everybody casual arrogance of white privilege. After he White Mountains that the former answer: “Go ahead. Imagine it. What awkwardness or loves De La Soul. But this is just meets Martin, Kelly regards himself in the mir- Orford resident Daniel Doan started happens in a culture where everyone like looking at Hustler. It’s gross. ror: “An ordinary face, I guess you could say, rel- in the 1970s, and that Doan’s daugh- has exactly the same basic coloring, unpleasantness And it’s grosser still because it’s atively dark-featured, with a close trimmed beard ter Ruth Doan MacDougall has been the same basic feature set? Spray- the subject of race you. Nobody meant this for you. and thick eyebrows, the gift of my Portuguese revising and updating since her on tans.”) Other questions arise. Or if they did, it’s just a classic great-grandparents. An unremarkable, unhand- father’s death in 1993. Did Martin always feel black, like can ignite. retread minstrel show. Look at the some, inoffensive face. A white face. I should And digital revolution or no digital he says, or is he exaggerating? And bad black man! ... You’re not black, add that now. It would never have made the list revolution, he’s pledging not to write what will Martin’s African-Ameri- don’t you get it? And listening to before. There are so many parts of myself that I solely for the Internet. can wife, who doesn’t know her husband used to this s--- doesn’t change that. It just makes you can change, that I have changed, but who spends “I hope there’s still an apprecia- Slade Brook Waterfall is one of be white, say when the truth is revealed? a parasite.” When Kelly protests that she’s not much time assessing the givens?” tion for print,” Smith concluded. “I the locations featured in “Top 10 Row, who’s also the author of two short-sto- being fair, she replies, “You don’t get to decide The givens, though, are shifting. As one of think the pendulum might be swing- Natural Places in Hanover, New ry collections, fumbles a bit when Kelly final- what’s fair. ... You get to not have rights for a Martin’s colleagues tells Kelly: “The future of ing back. I have college friends who Hampshire” a new guide book. ly unburdens himself of his own secret, which change. Shut up and go away and leave black peo- whiteness is colors.” She may be right. Either work in computers and software Steve Smith photograph eventually turns out to be relevant to the story but ple alone, for once.” way, as we head toward a multihued future, Row development, and there’s a little is maybe less necessary than the author imag- Eventually, CDs by Pavement and Liz Phair has provided us with stimulating fuel for the ride. sense of things swinging back. Eyes on the Prize “Fingers crossed ...” Vermont Magazine and Green (Copies of Top 10 Natural Places Mountain Power are inviting Ver- to Visit in Hanover, New Hampshire mont residents — seasonal as well are available at Dartmouth Bookstore as year-round — and students at Ver- for $14.95) mont colleges and universities to sub- mit essays, short stories and poems From the Author’s Mouth of no more than 1,500 words to their As part of the book-discussion annual contest for the Vermont Writ- ® ® series that the Vermont Humanities ers’ Prize. Nov. 1 is the deadline to Get iPhone and iPad Council is sponsoring at the Que- enter the contest, which the maga- chee Library on the topic of early zine and the utility created in honor contact between Native Americans of Vermont historian Ralph Nading on an amazing network. and Europeans in the territory that Hill Jr. This year’s topic is, “Vermont is now Vermont and the Champlain — Its People, the Place, Its History or Basin, Dartmouth Prof. Colin Cal- Its Values.” loway will talk on Sept. 15 about The contest is open to amateur and his book, New Worlds for All: Indi- professional writers alike. An inde- ans, Europeans and the Remaking pendent panel of judges will pick the of Early America. The reading and winning submission, which the mag- discussion, for which copies of the azine will publish in its March/April book will be available for borrowing, 2015 edition. The author receives a begins at 7 p.m. cash prize of $1,500. The last winner ∎ The Thetford Libraries will was Michael Nethercott of Guilford, play host to a reception for Thetford Vt., for his story, An Empire at Twi- Center author Virginia Davenport light. on Sept. 6, from 3 to 5 p.m. in the Entries should be mailed to Ver- Latham Library Gallery. Davenport mont Writers’ Prize, c/o Green will sign and read her new book, Mountain Power, 163 Acorn Lane, Coming Home. Colchester, Vt. 05446. For addition- ∎ Writers for the literary magazine al information, visit greenmountain- Bloodroot will hold their final reading power.com and Vermontmagazine. of 2014 at Thetford’s Latham Library com. on Sept. 11 at 7 p.m. The magazine and the readings were founded by Liftoff! Ethel Dolores “Do” Roberts, who Lebanon artist Peter Vinton Jr. will died last winter. celebrate the recent release of his new graphic novel, The Monitor, during a launch party at the Filling Station in FAIRLEE DRIVE-IN White River Junction on Sept. 21 at 4 p.m. Vinton will sign book one of the sci-fi story, which envisions a sec- DOUBLE FEATURE ond American Revolution breaking out in 2050, again in Boston. Copies Fri. 8/29, Sat. 8/30, Sun. 8/31 are available at amazon.com. Guardians of the Galaxy PG13 David Corriveau can be reached at [email protected] and at 603- Let’s Be Cops R 727-3304.
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and Review Final Amendments to 3 9 the Town of Hanover’s Hazard 1 3 1 Mitigation Plan. 1
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Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDIX D:
Map of Hazard Areas and Critical Facilities
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
APPENDIX E:
FEMA Approvals and Town Adoption of Hazard Mitigation Plan
Town of Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
Town of Hanover, New Hampshire Board of Selectmen A Resolution Adopting the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015
WHEREAS, the Town of Hanover received assistance from the Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission through funding from the NH Homeland Security and Emergency Management to prepare a hazard mitigation updated plan; and
WHEREAS, several planning meetings to develop the hazard mitigation plan update were held in December 2013 through September 2014 and then presented to the Board of Selectmen for review and discussion on ______, 2015; and
WHEREAS, the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015 contains several potential future projects to mitigate the hazard damage in the Town of Hanover; and
WHEREAS, the Board of Selectmen held a public meeting on ______, 2015 to formally approve and adopt the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015.
NOW, THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED that the Hanover Board of Selectmen approve and adopt the Hanover Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2015.
APPROVED and SIGNED this __ day of ______, 2015.
TOWN OF HANOVER BOARD OF SELECTMEN
Chair
(seal)
ATTEST: