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The Celtic Encyclopedia, Volume IV
7+( &(/7,& (1&<&/23(',$ 92/80( ,9 . T H E C E L T I C E N C Y C L O P E D I A © HARRY MOUNTAIN VOLUME IV UPUBLISH.COM 1998 Parkland, Florida, USA The Celtic Encyclopedia © 1997 Harry Mountain Individuals are encouraged to use the information in this book for discussion and scholarly research. The contents may be stored electronically or in hardcopy. However, the contents of this book may not be republished or redistributed in any form or format without the prior written permission of Harry Mountain. This is version 1.0 (1998) It is advisable to keep proof of purchase for future use. Harry Mountain can be reached via e-mail: [email protected] postal: Harry Mountain Apartado 2021, 3810 Aveiro, PORTUGAL Internet: http://www.CeltSite.com UPUBLISH.COM 1998 UPUBLISH.COM is a division of Dissertation.com ISBN: 1-58112-889-4 (set) ISBN: 1-58112-890-8 (vol. I) ISBN: 1-58112-891-6 (vol. II) ISBN: 1-58112-892-4 (vol. III) ISBN: 1-58112-893-2 (vol. IV) ISBN: 1-58112-894-0 (vol. V) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mountain, Harry, 1947– The Celtic encyclopedia / Harry Mountain. – Version 1.0 p. 1392 cm. Includes bibliographical references ISBN 1-58112-889-4 (set). -– ISBN 1-58112-890-8 (v. 1). -- ISBN 1-58112-891-6 (v. 2). –- ISBN 1-58112-892-4 (v. 3). –- ISBN 1-58112-893-2 (v. 4). –- ISBN 1-58112-894-0 (v. 5). Celts—Encyclopedias. I. Title. D70.M67 1998-06-28 909’.04916—dc21 98-20788 CIP The Celtic Encyclopedia is dedicated to Rosemary who made all things possible . -
Thc3a8se05 Chap5 .Pdf
CHAPITRE 5 DIEUX IRLANDAIS ET PERSONNAGES MYTHOLOGIQUES ASSOCIES A BELTAINE 5.1 LES TRIBUS MYTHIQUES DE L’IRLANDE Les dieux irlandais sont pratiquement tous issus, à en croire les différents textes à notre disposition, de la tribu mythologique des Túatha Dé Dánann. Selon la tradition, les Túatha Dé Dánann auraient pris possession de l’Irlande en des temps immémoriaux : leur victoire sur la tribu des Fir Bolg, décrite dans la Première Bataille de Mag Tured et sur les Fomoire, créatures quasi-diaboliques vaincues lors de la Seconde Bataille de Mag Tured , a permis aux Túatha Dé Dánann, menés par le dieu Lug, d’asseoir leur suprématie : les Túatha Dé Dánann sont la tribu des dieux irlandais, tous les grands dieux irlandais font partie de la tribu des Túatha Dé Dánann.1 Il convient cependant de noter qu’à en croire les rédacteurs du Livre des Conquêtes de l’Irlande , la tribu des Túatha Dé Dánann ne fut pas la première à fouler le sol irlandais. L’ouvrage mentionne cinq tribus distinctes, 2 qui auraient successivement envahi l’Irlande : la tribu de la reine Cessair, 3 la tribu de Partholón,4 les Némédiens ou tribu de Nemed, 5 les Fir Bolg puis les Túatha Dé Dánann qui furent finalement défaits par les Milésiens ou Fils de Míl, c’est-à-dire les hommes. La plupart des généalogies mentionnées dans le Livre des Conquêtes de l’Irlande présentent ces tribus successives comme des descendantes de Noé : Parthólon, Nemed, les Fir Bolg et les Túatha Dé Dánann seraient issus de la lignée de Japhet ; Cessair aurait pour père Bith, un fils apocryphe de Noé 1 Tous les grands dieux à l’exception notamment des divinités considérées comme maléfiques, qui sont pour la plupart issues de la tribu des Fomoire. -
2664 BCE the THIRD AGE CRONICUM SCOTORUM the Third
2664 BCE THE THIRD AGE CRONICUM SCOTORUM The Third Age commences, which contains 942 years, and it begins with the birth of Abraham, as the poet said:— From that birth,without peril,to David, the faithful prince, Forty-two years and nine hundred, certainly. In the sixtieth year of the age of Abraham, Parrthalon arrived in Hibernia.This Parrthalon was the first who occupied Erinn after the Flood. On a Tuesday, the 14th of May, he arrived, his companions being eight in number,viz.:—four men and four women. They multiplied afterwards until they were in number 4,050 men and 1,000 women. There were four plains cleared in Erinn by Parrthalon, viz.:—Magh Tuiredh,or nEdara, in Connacht; and Magh Sere in Connacht; and Magh Ita in Laighen;and Magh Latrainn Dál Araidhe; and Lecmagh in Ui Mac Uais, between Bir and Camus. Seven years after the occupation of Erinn by Parrthalon,the first man of his people died, viz.:—Fea was his name. In Magh Fea he was buried; from him, therefore, it has been named. There were seven lake eruptions through the land in the reign of Parrthalon, viz.:—Loch Mesca, and Loch Decet, Loch Laighline, Loch Rudhraidhe, Loch Echtra, and the sea inundation of Brena, and Loch Con. Three years afterwards occurred the first battle which Parrthalon gained, in the Slemains of Magh Itha, over the Fomorians, viz.:—they were Demons, truly, in the guise of men, i.e. men with one hand and one leg each. In the succeeding year died Slangia, the fourth chieftain of Erinn, who was interred by Parrthalon in Sliahh Slanga; hence from him the mountain has been named. -
Christianity, Paganism and Celtic Mythology in the Plays of JM Synge
! " # $ ! "%" &" $ ! "' ( ) * " + , " - . /# 0 / /1 2 2 / "' ( + ) " , "! - 1 3 ' * 4- 5 6 7 5 " & $ - & 6 89"' * $ # # & , " !!" !"!" # # ! " # $ !% ! & $ ' ' ($ ' # % %) %* % ' $ ' + " % & ' !# $, ( $ - . ! "- ( % . % % % % $ $ $ - - - - // $$$ 0 1"1"#23." 4& )*5/ +) * !6 !& 7!8%779:9& % ) - 2 ; ! * & < "-" % . %:=9: /- >:=9?4& )*5/ +) "3 " & :=9? CONTENTS Page No. Chapter One 3- 32 Introduction The Genesis of the Native Culture of Ireland: Birth of a Civilisation 3 The ‘Dark Ages’ of Irish Culture 12 Celtic Revival: The Phoenix Reborn 18 John Millington Synge and the New Theatre Movement 22 Chapter Two 33- 82 Synge’s Treatment of Christianity and Paganism: Return to the Primitive World of Rituals Pre-Christian Ireland: Celtic Paganism 33 Arrival of Christianity in Ireland 38 “The lord protect us from the saints of god”: -
Hail Brigit; an Old-Irish Poem on the Hill of Alenn
1 HAIL BRIGIT OLD-IRISH POEM ON THE HILL OF ALENN EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY KUNO MEYER "2. HALLE A. S. DUBLIN AX NIEMEYER HODGES, FIGGIS & CO., LTD. 1912 HAIL BRIGIT AN OLD-IRISH POEM ON THE HILL OF ALENN EDITED AND TRANSLATED BY KUNO MEYER HALLE A. S. DUBLIN MAX NIEMEYER HODGES, FIGGIS & CO., LTD. 1912 VB SS- 582262^ TO EICHARD IRVINE and EDITH BEST IN MEMORY OF OUE, VISIT TO KNOCKAWLIN ON JUNE 19Tn 1910 AND OF MANY OTHER HAPPY HOURS SPENT IN THEIR COMPANY BERLIN CHRISTMAS 1911 nPHE Old-Irish poem here printed and translated for the -- fìrst time has for its theme the disappearance of the pagan world of Ireland and the triumph of Christianity, as exemplified by the deserted ruins of the ancient hill- fort of Alenn contrasted with the flourishing state of the neighbouring Kildare. Indeed the poem reads like an amplification of Oengus' lines in the Prologue to his Fèlire: Borg Ailinne uallach atbath lia slòg mbdgach: is mòr Brigit huadach, is càin a rruam ddlachA 'Alenn's proud citadel has perished with its warlike host: great is victorious Brigit, fair is her multitudinous cemetery.' The hiU of Alenn,2 now called Knockawlin,3 is situated in the county of Kildare, not far from Old Kilcullen, and still contains vestiges of what was the largest fort in Ire- land after Emain Macha. It has often been described.-* 1 See The Martyrology of Oengus, ed. by Wh. Stokes, 1905, p. 25. ^ This is the oldest form of the name, a feminine a-stem, making its genitive Alinne and its dative and accusative Alinn. -
König Von Irland« Fiktion Und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher Und Oberherrschaft in Irland
Bonner Beiträge zur Keltologie, Band 2 Rí Érenn — »König von Irland« Fiktion und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland Rí Érenn — »König von Irland« Fiktion und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland (Teil II: Texte und Übersetzungen, Register) Gisbert Hemprich curach bhán publications 2015 Berlin Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutschen Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Gisbert Hemprich: Rí Érenn — »König von Irland«: Fiktion und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland Teil II: Texte und Übersetzungen, Register (In zwei Teilbänden.) Bonner Beiträge zur Keltologie; 2 Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Anglistik, Amerikanistik und Keltologie, Abteilung Keltologie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, herausgegeben von Gisbert Hemprich. ISBN: 978-3-942002-19-6 ISSN: 1869-053X Zugleich Dissertation Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 2006. Copyright 2015 Gisbert Hemprich und curach bhán publications – daniel büchner Verlag für Kunst & Kulturwissenschaften Malplaquetstr. 25 — D-13347 Berlin — Germany http://www.curach-bhan.com Alle Rechte, auch die der Übersetzung, des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der Herstellung von Microfilmen, der digitalen und fotomechanischen Wiedergabe, vorbehalten. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying and recording, or otherwise without prior written consent of the publishers. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Papier gemäß ISO9706. Satz: curach bhán publications Druck: SDL Digitaler Buchdruck, Berlin Printed in Germany 2015 Vorwort Eine Untersuchung zu den „Königen von Irland“ (ríg Érenn) — das klingt nach einem griffigen, längst abgehandelten Thema. -
Flail BRIGIT
flAIL BRIG IT AN OI,D-IRISH POEM ON THE HILL OF ALENN EDITED AND TRANSLATED llY KUNG M:EYJ~R HALLE .A. S. DUBLIN l\IAX NIEMEYER !lODGES, FIGGIS & CO., LTD. 1912 ) 1 TO ,i RICHARD IRVINE AND EDITH BEST IN MEMORY OF OUR VISIT TO KNOCKA WLIN ON JUNE 19TH 1910 AND OF MANY OTHER HAPPY HOURS SPENT IN THEIR COMPANY BERLIN CHRISTMAS 1911 ',~' .' Old-Irj.sh poem here printed and translated for the THEfirst time has for its theme the disappearance of the pagan world of Ireland and the triumph of Christianity, as exemplified by the deserted ruins of the ancient hill• fort of Alenn contrasted with the flourishing state of the neighbouring Kildare. Indeed the poem reads like an amplification of Oengus' lines in the Prologue to his Felire: Borg Ailinne uallach atbath lia i.'log mbUgach: is mor Brigit bUadach, is cdin a rrUam ddlaclt.1 'Alenn's proud citadel has perished with its warlike host: great is victorious Brigit, fair is her multitudinous cemetery.' The hill of Alenn,2 now called Knockawlin,3 is situated in the county of Kildare, not far from Old Kilcullen, and still contains vestiges of what was the largest fort in Ire• land after Emain Macha. It has often been described.4 1 See The Martyrology of Oengus, ed. by WhoStokes, 1905, p.25. 2 This is the oldest form of the name, a feminine a-stem, making its genitive Alinne and its dative and accusative Alinn. Forms with II appear early, and in the latter half of the ninth century the genitive Alend occurs, as if the nom. -
Lebor Gabála Érenn
LEBOR GABÁLA ÉRENN The Book of the Taking of Ireland PART VI Index B-C EDITED AND TRANSLATED WITH NOTES, ETC. BY R. A. Stewart Macalister, D.Litt. Index Compiled by Michael Murphy 2008 B Baad ( See : Baath 2) Baath 1 –The ō Clérigh version “is unique in supplying the Scythian king with a brother, Baath, who aids him in the fight against the followers of Sru.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 2 , p. 5) Baath 2 [Baad] – Baath 2 was the son of Ibath son of Bethach son of Iardan [Iarbonel] son of Nemed; his son was Enda [Enna]. He was one of the thirty warriors who survived the battle at Conaing’s Tower. After- wards “Ibath and his son Baath went into the north of the world.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 1 , p. 173; Vol. 3 , p. 125, 143, 145, 153, 196; Vol. 4 , p. 98, 127, 153, 155, 187) Baath 3 – Baath 3 was the son of Ibath son of Feinius Farsaid. His son was Nenual. ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 2 , p. 23, 130) Baath 4 – Baath 4 was the son of Ibath son of Gomer son of Iafeth. His son was Feinius Farsaid. “Of him [Baath 4] are the Gaedil and the people of Scythia.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 2 , p. 9, 23, 126, 153, 157, 161, 253) Baath 5 [Bathath] – Baath 5 was the son of Magog son of Iafeth son of Noe. His sons were Alainus and Feinius Farsaid. “Of him [Baath 5] are the Gaedil and the people of Scythia.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. -
LEBOR GABÁLA ÉRENN the Book of the Taking of Ireland PART VI Index G
LEBOR GABÁLA ÉRENN The Book of the Taking of Ireland PART VI Index G - K EDITED AND TRANSLATED WITH NOTES, ETC. BY R. A. Stewart Macalister, D.Litt. Index Compiled by Michael Murphy 2008 G Gabar – Cairpre Lifechair “fell in the battle of Gabar of Aicill, at the hands of Senioth s. Cerb of the Fotharta (or of Ruad of Rairu).” ( source: Macalister, LGE, Vol. 5 , p. 339, 341, 527) Gabar Life (See : Rivers, Life; Battles, Gabar Life) Gabraide, the ( See : Peoples) Gabran 1 [Cobran] – Gabran 1 was one of thirty Nemedian warriors to survive the battle of Conaing’s Tower. ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 3 , p. 143, 153, 196) Gabran 2 – His son was Aedán who died during the reign of Áed Uairidnach the 128 th king of Ireland. (source: Macalister, LGE, Vol. 5 , p. 375) Gabriel ( See : Angels; Names of) Gad [Gotli] – Gad was a linguist, associated with the school of languages established by Feinius Farsaid in the city of Ibitena on the Plain of Senar after the fall of the Tower of Nemrod. ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 1 , p. 195, 268) Gaedel 1 [Gaedil, Glas]- Gaedel 1 was the son of Agnomain and the fosterling of Feinius Farsaid. He was given the speech of the Gaedil by Feinius Farsaid. “Glas son of Agnomain, who was not despicable, died there in Cercina.” ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 1 , p. 147; Vol. 2 , p. 99, 157) Gaedel 2 [Gaeidil Glas] – In *Q (1) Gaedel 2 was the son of Esru. ( source : Macalister, LGE, Vol. 1 , p. 255) Gaedel 3 [Gaedil] – Gaedel 3 was the son of Etheor, a linguist, associated with the school of languages established by Feinius Farsaid in the city of Ibitena on the Plain of Senar after the fall of the Tower of Nemrod. -
The Bodleian Dinnshenchas
Folklore ISSN: 0015-587X (Print) 1469-8315 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rfol20 The Bodleian Dinnshenchas Whitley Stokes To cite this article: Whitley Stokes (1892) The Bodleian Dinnshenchas, Folklore, 3:4, 467-516, DOI: 10.1080/0015587X.1892.9720126 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587X.1892.9720126 Published online: 14 Feb 2012. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rfol20 Download by: [La Trobe University] Date: 25 February 2016, At: 09:41 THE BODLEIAN DINNSHENCHAS. HE Dinnshcnchas is a collection of legends, in Middle- T Irish prose and verse, about the names of noteworthy places in Ireland—plains, mountains, ridges, cairns, lakes, rivers, rapids, fords, estuaries, islands, and so forth. And the Bodleian Dinnshcnchas is an unfinished copy of this collection preserved in the Bodleian library, in ff. 11-15 °f the manuscript marked Rawlinson B. 506. This codex, once the property of Sir James Ware, is on parchment, and may have been written at the end of the fourteenth or the beginning of the fifteenth century. It contains, so far as one can judge by comparison with other copies, about one-third of the prose part of the work. Five other copies of the Dinnshcnchas are known, viz.: LL., the copy in the Lebar Laignech, or the Book of Leinstcr, a MS. of the middle of the twelfth century, of which a facsimile, in which many of the leaves are mis placed, has been published by the Royal Irish Academy. -
Ériu - Journal of the School of Irish Language (ISSN 0332-0758)
Ériu - Journal of the School of Irish Language (ISSN 0332-0758) Contents of Volumes 1-46 (1904-1995) Compiled by Ruth Murphy for the CELT Project, July 2008. Vol. 1 1904 edited by Kuno Meyer and John Strachan • Atakta. John Strachan pg 1 • The Burning of Finn’s House. E. J. Gwynn pg 13 • Comad Manchín Léith, etc. Kuno Meyer pg 38 • Colman mac Duach and Guaire. J. G. O’Keefe pg 43 • The Irish substantive verb. J. H. Lloyd pg 49 • Pangur Bán, etc. Tórna d’Aistriġ pg 66 • Daniel húa Liathaide’s Advice to a Woman. Cáilte cecinit. Kuno Meyer pg 67 • The Leabhar Oiris. R. I. Best pg 74 • The Death of Conla. Kuno Meyer pg 113 • Anecdoton. John Strachan pg 122 • Cuchulinn and Conlaech. J. G. O’Keefe pg 123 • The Quarrel about the Loaf. T. P. O’Nowlan pg 128 • Analogy in the verbal system of Modern Irish. O. J. Bergin pg 139 • The infixed pronoun in Middle Irish. John Strachan pg 153 • The Boyish Exploits of Finn. Kuno Meyer pg 180 • An Old-Irish Metrical Rule. John Strachan pg 191 • A collation of Crith Gablach and a Treatise on Cró and Díbad. Kuno Meyer pg 209 • The Rule of Patrick. J. G. O’Keefe pg 216 • Féilire Adamnáin. M. E. Byrne pg 225 • Supplement: Táin Bó Cúailnge, pg 1-32. John Strachan and J. G. O’Keefe Vol. 2 1905 edited by Kuno Meyer and John Strachan • The Eulogy of Cúrói (Amra Chonrói). Whitley Stokes pg 1 • The Song of Créde, daughter of Guaire. -
The Phrase Troig Mná Trogain in Exhortative Speech
The Phrase troig mná trogain in Exhortative Speech Sharon Arbuthnot Abstract The phrase troig mná trogain appears in a number of Irish narrative texts from the medieval and Early Modern periods. It is clearly a reference to an undesirable experience. In light of this, there has been a tendency to interpret the phrase as meaning ‘the pangs of a woman in childbirth’. Such an understanding does not seem justified, however, by the apparent semantic ranges of the words listed inDIL as trog, trogan or trogain. Building upon prior suggestions that ben trogain, literally ‘raven woman’, is a kenning for the Morrígain in her bird-aspect, this article asks whether the first element oftroig mná trogain might be the word for ‘foot’ and the phrase as a whole an allusion to that defining moment in medieval Irish literature when the Morrígain alights upon the dying Cú Chulainn. Irish literature, particularly that of the Early Modern period, attests to an intriguing, and apparently fail-safe, verbal formula for compelling someone to do one’s bidding.1 Essentially, in the course of an exchange, one person intimates that certain adversities will befall another unless a request or recommendation is fulfilled. Almost all extant textual witnesses to this formula specify that we have to do here with the concept of geis, though it is sometimes unclear whether that term is being used to refer to a positive injunction or demand, or to hardships threatened should that injunction or demand be disregarded.2 The adversities mentioned in our sources vary in number from one to six.3 Some allude to unfortunate or humiliating 1 This paper was first given at the Rannsachadh na Gàidhlig 7 conference, University of Glasgow, 2012.