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Environmental Assessment of the Areas Disengaged by Israel in the Gaza Strip
Environmental Assessment of the Areas Disengaged by Israel in the Gaza Strip FRONT COVER United Nations Environment Programme First published in March 2006 by the United Nations Environment Programme. © 2006, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN: 92-807-2697-8 Job No.: DEP/0810/GE United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, KENYA Tel: +254 (0)20 762 1234 Fax: +254 (0)20 762 3927 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org This revised edition includes grammatical, spelling and editorial corrections to a version of the report released in March 2006. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNEP. The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher or the participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimination of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photographs in this publication were taken by the UNEP Gaza assessment mission team. Cover Design and Layout: Matija Potocnik -
General Assembly Distr.: General 3 October 2001 English Original: English/French
United Nations A/56/428 General Assembly Distr.: General 3 October 2001 English Original: English/French Fifty-sixth session Agenda item 88 Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories Note by the Secretary-General* The General Assembly, at its fifty-fifth session, adopted resolution 55/130 on the work of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories, in which, among other matters, it requested the Special Committee: (a) Pending complete termination of the Israeli occupation, to continue to investigate Israeli policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, especially Israeli lack of compliance with the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, and to consult, as appropriate, with the International Committee of the Red Cross according to its regulations in order to ensure that the welfare and human rights of the peoples of the occupied territories are safeguarded and to report to the Secretary- General as soon as possible and whenever the need arises thereafter; (b) To submit regularly to the Secretary-General periodic reports on the current situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem; (c) To continue to investigate the treatment of prisoners in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967. -
Hamas Takeover of Gaza
Hamas takeover of Gaza The Hamas Takeover of the Gaza Strip 1949- Egypt gains control of the Gaza Strip following armistice agreement with Israel. Israeli settlements are evacuated. 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 file:///C|/Larimore/Fall2007/anonymous/Files/index.htm (1 of 4) [5/30/2008 5:26:27 AM] Hamas takeover of Gaza 1963 1964- The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded by the Arab League 1965 1966 1967- Israel gains control of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Jerusalem following the Six Day War 1968 1969 1970-72- The Israeli re-settlement of the Gaza Strip begins with Kfar Darom which grew to become Gush Katif 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979- Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty defined the border between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. Egypt rejected claim of the Gaza Strip 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987- Formation of Hamas by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin 1988 1990 1991- Madrid Peace Summit 1992 1993- The Oslo Accords 1994- The Palestinian Authority is established in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Yasser Arafat wins Nobel Peace Prize file:///C|/Larimore/Fall2007/anonymous/Files/index.htm (2 of 4) [5/30/2008 5:26:27 AM] Hamas takeover of Gaza 1995- Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assinated at peace rally in Tel Aviv 1996- Yasser Arafat becomes Palestinian Authority President 1997 1998 1999 2000- The Second Intifada begins following the Camp David Summit 2001- Ariel Sharon becomes the Israeli Prime MInister 2002- Israel begins construction of security barrier around the West Bank 2003- The US publishes the "Road Map" for the peace process 2004- Prime Minister Sharon announces disengagement plan. -
Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories
REPORT ON ISRAELI SETTLEMENT IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES A Bimonthly Publication of the Foundation for Middle East Peace Volume 12 Number 4 July-August 2002 “SEPARATION THREATENS TO UNDERMINE SETTLEMENTS” By Geoffrey Aronson 1967. Palestinian attacks in Israel as During this period, even when well as on settlers and settlements are expanding the civilian settlements “THEY ARE A F R A I D,” forcing unprecedented changes in Israeli proved on the tactical level to lack any screams a blood-red headline in a recent perceptions of the settlement enterprise. security value, for the IDF there was edition of the Israeli newspaper They are also altering perspectives on really no price to be paid for settling Ma’ariv. The accompanying article the relationship between settlements anywhere in the West Bank or Gaza. seeks to answer this question: Who and Israeli security as understood by The public, while largely disengaged among Israeli performing artists “doesn’t policymakers and the public. It is still from this enterprise, was nevertheless come to perform in the settlements dur- too early to conclude how or whether sympathetic to the patriotic imagery ing these difficult days”? the settlement enterprise will adapt to surrounding it. As more Israelis moved According to one Gaza settler the challenge posed by the intifada or be across the Green Line in search of involved in planning such visits, “If I undermined by it. “quality of life” and as long as Palestin- begin I won’t be able to finish. It’s much The link between civilian settlement ians were quiescent, the average Israeli easier to say who does come.” and Israeli security requirements was saw no reason to question the status “It is difficult for them,” says another first forged in the early years of Israeli quo. -
HANAN... Chedet.Co.Cc January 27, 2009 by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad
HANAN... Chedet.co.cc January 27, 2009 By Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Dear Hanan, 1. I agree entirely with you that building a great nation doesn't only take brains, but as you said it sure does help. 2. However brains alone without a heart (feelings) can produce a monster. 3. Israel is undoubtedly a great nation, becoming great through the brains and the numerous achievements you have listed. Yes I have used Israeli originated products like Microsoft Windows and Pentium chips (made in Malaysia) by Intel, an American company. 4. In fact I owe my life ultimately to Israel because there must be something invented by Israelis in the numerous instruments used in heart surgery. However most of the products used were invented and produced by Japanese. 5. I am amazed at the number of Nobel Laureates Israel has produced. I admit we have not produced even one. 6. But when the brain is without a heart it does not care for the misery resulting from the products of the brain. 7. The atom bombs which killed 100,000 men, women, children and babies are the product of Israeli (Jewish) brain. Most of the diabolical weapons now being used to kill millions of people are also the creation of Israelis on Zionist Jews. The depleted uranium and phosphorous shells being used in Gaza are also the product of Israeli brains. 8. The current financial crisis which is destroying the economies of the U.S. Britain and in fact all the countries of the world is due to manipulations of banks, financial institutions and the monetary system by Jewish supporters of Israel. -
Dictionary of Palestinian Political Terms
Dictionary of Palestinian Political Terms PASSIA Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, Jerusalem PASSIA, the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, is an Arab, non-profit Palestinian institution with a financially and legally indepen- dent status. It is not affiliated with any government, political party or organization. PASSIA seeks to present the Question of Palestine in its national, Arab and interna- tional contexts through academic research, dialogue and publication. PASSIA endeavors that research undertaken under its auspices be specialized, scientific and objective and that its symposia and workshops, whether interna- tional or intra-Palestinian, be open, self-critical and conducted in a spirit of har- mony and cooperation. Copyright PASSIA 3rd updated and revised edition, December 2019 ISBN: 978-9950-305-52-6 PASSIA Publication 2019 Tel.: 02-6264426 | Fax: 02-6282819 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.passia.org PO Box 19545, Jerusalem Contents Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………………………. i Foreword …………………………………………………………………….….…………..……………. iii Dictionary A-Z ………………………………………………………………………….………………. 1 Main References Cited…………………………………………..……………………………… 199 Abbreviations ACRI Association for Civil Rights in PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Israel Statistics AD Anno Domini PFLP Popular Front for the Liberation AIPAC American Israel Public Affairs of Palestine Committee PFLP-GC Popular Front for the Liberation ALF Arab Liberation Front of Palestine – General ANM -
Guide to Housing, Land and Property in the Gaza Strip
A Guide to Housing, Land and Property A Guide to Housing, Land and Property LawA Guide in the to GazaHousing, Strip Land and Property Law in the Gaza Strip Law in the Gaza Strip October 2015 October 2015 October 2015 A Guide to Housing, Land and Property Law in the Gaza Strip October 2015 A Guide to Housing, Land and Property A Guide to Housing, Land and Property LawA Guide in the to GazaHousing, Strip Land and Property Law in the Gaza Strip Law in the Gaza Strip October 2015 October 2015 October 2015 October 2015 Researched and written by: Jehad Arafat, Mona Abed Al Aziz, Fatma Al Sharif and Yaser Al Manama. Contributor: Zaher Al Saqqa. Edited by: Elisabeth Koek, Martin Clutterbuck and Alon Margalit. Cover photo (front): Gaza City (NRC, 2013). Cover photo (back): Graffiti on ruins in Shajaiya neighbourhood following the July-August 2014 conflict (Karl Schembri, 2015). The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) is an independent, ional humanitarian non-governmental organisation that provides assistance, protection and durable solutions to refugees and internally displaced persons worldwide. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the UK Department for International Development and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position or the official opinion of the UK Department for International Development and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2 Acknowledgements NRC would like to thank all those interviewed and consulted during the preparation of this report. Special gratitude must go to staff of the legal department of UNRWA for their review of and support to this Guide, in particular to the sections on the legal regime applicable to refugee camp land in the Gaza Strip. -
Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories
REPORT ON ISRAELI SETTLEMENT IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES A Bimonthly Publication of the Foundation for Middle East Peace Volume 14 Number 4 July-August 2004 SHARON MOVES AHEAD WITH GAZA EVACUATION “By the end of 2005, not one Jew Sharon explained that it “is good for the families to be evacuated from Gaza can will remain in the Gaza Strip,” declared security of Israel, its diplomatic status, expect to receive compensation averag- Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon its economy, and is good for the demog- ing $330,000 per family—$550 million three days before the June 6 cabinet raphy of the Jewish people in Israel.” in all. Military costs related to the evac- endorsement of his plan to evacuate all There is no formal link between the uation and redeployment are estimated 7,000 settlers from the Gaza Strip and settler evacuation of Gaza and the at $450 million. Gaza settlers, like other less than 1,000 from four settlements in expansion of settlements in the West Israelis contemplating a move to a West the northern West Bank. Bank. The Sharon government, howev- Bank settlement, are free agents, and The endorsement came only weeks er, faces a political imperative to appease there is little the government can do, after Likud activists rejected Sharon’s settler opposition to the Gaza evacua- short of sweeping prohibitions on settle- initial evacuation plan. In the wake of tion by expanding construction in the ment expansion, which is currently not this embarrassing setback, minor ele- West Bank, a move that received indi- on the political horizon, to answer ments of the plan were modified. -
Jerusalem the Participation of Hamas, Israel Has Announced That It Will Not Cooperate with These Elections and Will Not Coordinate Them on a Political Level with Jan
THIS WAS 2006 Jan. 15: An unanimous Israeli Cabinet decision states, inter alia: “Due to JERUSALEM the participation of Hamas, Israel has announced that it will not cooperate with these elections and will not coordinate them on a political level with Jan. 2: In Jerusalem, Israeli police breaks up a political gathering of the PA. However, Israel will not prevent the elections from being held... Fateh supporters at the Christmas Hotel, but makes no arrests. Opening hours at the crossings will be expanded on Election Day… Jan. 3: On the official opening day Freedom of movement and passage will be allowed for those involved of campaigning for the upcoming in the elections, candidates and activists except for those identified elections, Israeli police detains at least with terrorist organizations. The presence and freedom of movement of eight PLC candidates campaigning international observers and local observers not identified with terrorist in Jerusalem, incl. Hanan Ashrawi, organizations will be allowed. Election propaganda by persons identified Mustafa Barghouthi, Hatem Abdul with terrorist organizations will not be permitted within Jerusalem; The Qader and Ahmed Ghneim. Communications Min. will prepare to operate five post office branches [in - Hamas officials (led by Mohammad Abu Ter) and leaders of the Northern East Jerusalem] as was done in the past.” In a phone conversation with Branch of the Islamic Movement (led by Sheikh Ra’ed Salah) hold a news Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice, Pres. Abbas later complains about Israel’s conference at the Ambassador Hotel in East Jerusalem, presenting a electoral restrictions. video and pictures showing excavations near the Western Wall Tunnel, - In East Jerusalem, Israeli raids a Hamas office allegedly being used for and a synagogue they said was under construction, both endangering election-related activities and detains six people, incl. -
Is Empowerment of Disadvantaged Populations Achievable Through Housing Policies? a Study of the Impact of Social Housing on the Empowerment of the Poor in Israel”
“Is Empowerment of Disadvantaged Populations Achievable through Housing Policies? A Study of the Impact of Social Housing on the Empowerment of the Poor in Israel” Guy Doron London School of Economics and Political Sciences Resubmitting with corrections Thesis submitted for the Degree of PhD January 2015 Contents Abstract 1 List of Tables 3 List of Figures 5 List of Illustrations 6 PART 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 8 1.1 Overview 8 1.2 Israel as a unique case 11 1.2.1 Dominance of central government 11 1.2.2 The political system 11 1.2.3 Dominance of security issues on the political agenda 12 1.2.4 Ethnicity 12 1.3 Summary of chapters 13 1.3.1 Chapter two 13 1.3.2 Chapter three 14 1.3.3 Chapter four 14 1.3.4 Chapter five 15 1.3.5 Chapter six 15 1.3.6 Chapter seven 16 1.3.7 Chapter eight 16 1.3.8 Chapter nine 17 Chapter 2 A Review of the Literature on Empowerment 18 2.1 Introduction 18 2.2 Perspectives on empowerment and housing policy 20 2.2.1 The disadvantaged 22 2 2.2.2 Poverty 23 2.2.3 Localisation 25 2.3 Measuring individual participation 29 2.3.1 Arnstein’s ladder of participation 30 2.3.2 The literature on participation 33 2.3.3 The literature on mobility 34 2.4 Collective empowerment and public policy 36 2.4.1 Collective empowerment 37 2.4.2 Collective empowerment in housing policy 40 2.4.3 Pressure groups 43 2.5 Providing tools in practice: training schemes 45 2.5.1 Knowledge gaps 46 2.5.2 Training in practice 47 2.6 Multi-conflict societies 51 2.7 Limitations 53 2.8 Summary and conclusions 56 Chapter 3 History: The Chronology of the Housing System in Israel 58 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2. -
E G Y P T E G Y P T I S R a E L I S R a E L Egypt West Bank Israel
34°15’0"E 34°20’0"E 34°25’0"E 34°30’0"E 34°35’0"E 34°40’0"E 34°45’0"E Mediterranean EREZ CROSSING: Sea is open for medical evacuation 31°35’0"N 31°35’0"N Shaykh an Naqiyah Halib Nahal Hanun Tall al Khirbah Shaykh Sa`d al Ansar Dugit Bayt Lahiyah Nisanit Erez Shaykh Umm an Nasr Jabaliyah Jabalya Beach Mukhayyam Jabaliya Redwam Nazlah Bayt Hanun Arduan Jabaliya WFP Sub-office Gaza Bi?r Zawalan Saknat az Zarqa? Al Mashahirah Ibbim Shaykh Ahmad Transit hub (1500sqm) 31°30’0"N 31°30’0"N Gaza NAHEL OZ CROSSING: The two northern Governorates Gaza is open for fuel/diesel, benzine, gas ONLY are isolated from the rest of Aly Montar Gaza (Source OCHA, 9 Jan 09) Nezarim `Ali al Mintar Baykat Abu Muddayn Tall al `Ujul Sa’ad Diqat el `Amrin `Ajjul Rozze Tall as Sanam SECTOR 1 Shaykh Shabani Shaykh Rashid Mukhayyam Nusayrat Nusayrat Dahrat Umm `Amir Nusayrat Al Burayj Al Burayj Mukhayyam al Burayj Dayr al Balah Bet HaGaddi Dayr al Balah Shaykh al Maghazi Be’eri Shaykh Muhammad al Yamani Nahal-Katif 31°25’0"N Shaykh Dawud Shaykh al Maghazi 31°25’0"N Mukhayyam Dayr al Balah Mukhayyam Shaykh al Maghazi Deir al Balah Shaykhah Umm ad Dahir Tall al Qatifah Shaykh `Ubayyid KARNI CROSSING: is open the only one with a conveyor belt SECTOR 2 Tall Ridan for handling bulk commodities (wheat) Nezar Hazani Kesseifim Ganne Tal Daribat ash Shaykh Hammuda Tall Jinan Khan Yunis Shaykh `Imri Newe Deqalim Mukhayyam Khan Yunus Al Mawasi Khan Kefar Yam Shaykh Salim Tall Habulah Yunus Shaykhah `Aliyah Tall al Fajim Khan Yunus Bani Suhaylah Gadid 31°20’0"N Gan Or Abu Himar -
The Human Cost of Disengagement
Koret Communications Ltd. Northern Samaria Koret Communications Ltd. Gaza Strip gush 7/28/05 12:54 PM Page 1 gush 7/25/05 12:28 PM Page 2 Introduction Establishing peace is a fundamental goal of Jewish tradition and the declared policy of the State of Israel. Israel has long sought peace with its Arab neighbors and particularly with the Palestinians. The great challenge in making peace is that it is a process that hopefully does not end just with the cessation of hostilities between former enemies, but with the beginning of a new relationship of coexistence. Israel’s ultimate goal is to establish good neighborly relations with a Palestinian state. Against the background of more than four years of terrorist bloodshed, Israel has initiated its Disengagement Plan in the Gaza Strip and northern Samaria, both to enhance its security and to put the peace process with the Palestinians back in motion. For it to have a chance to work, the plan requires a considerable sacrifice on the part of some 1,700 settlers and their families, or about 8,000 people who must leave the homes and livelihoods they have built over the course of several decades. In the short term, it is these settlers who are paying the greatest part of the price for peace. It is they who were encouraged by previous governments to settle barren land and turn it into homes, gardens, and farms, in the same pioneering spirit that built the State of Israel. They are now being asked to relinquish these accomplishments for the greater good.