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Filogenia Do Gênero Neotropical Zenoria Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Ortaliinae)

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Filogenia Do Gênero Neotropical Zenoria Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Ortaliinae) PAULA BATISTA DOS SANTOS Filogenia do gênero Neotropical Zenoria Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Ortaliinae) Dissertação apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Área de concentração em Entomologia, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Lúcia Massutti de Almeida Curitiba - Paraná 2014 i ii In memorian ii AGRADECIMENTOS À Profa. Dra. Lúcia Massutti de Almeida pela orientação, incentivo e confiança tão significativos a minha formação acadêmica. Ao CNPq, pela concessão da bolsa de Mestrado. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas com ênfase em Entomologia da UFPR pelo apoio ao desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas com ênfase em Entomologia da UFPR pela contribuição à minha formação acadêmica. Ao Dr. Robert Gordon, notório especialista em Coccinellidae, revisor do gênero e autor de diversas espécies de Zenoria pelo incentivo recebido à realização deste trabalho. Aos curadores e técnicos dos museus pelo empréstimo de material que tornou possível a realização desta dissertação, em especial Márcio Felix da Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Marcela e Miguel Monné do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e Sonia Casari do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo pela recepção e acolhida em suas instituições. A minha querida amiga, Giovanna Gondin Montingelli e a Paola Sanchéz um agradecimento especial por me receberem e auxiliarem durante a visita ao Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo e a todos os colegas desta instituição com os quais convivi durante esta visita. Agradeço também a Guillermo González pela pronta colaboração e pelo envio de exemplares de sua coleção particular. A equipe da Société Entomologique Antilles Guyane (SEAG) pelo belíssimo inventário da região e pelo envio de exemplares que muito enriquecem o acervo da coleção de Coccinellidae do DZUP e com a qual tenho o prazer de trabalhar. iii Ao Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica da UFPR e seus funcionários, pelas fotos presentes neste trabalho. Aos funcionários e técnicos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas com ênfase em Entomologia, do Departamento de Zoologia e da Biblioteca da UFPR pelo auxílio e prestatividade. A todos os colegas, alunos e ex-alunos, do Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera (LSBC) pela convivência, sorrisos, cafés e discussões que tanto contribuíram com o meu aprendizado. Aos colegas do Departamento de Zoologia da UFPR pelos momentos compartilhados. Aos meus grandes e eternos amigos, de perto e de longe, sou muito grata pela interdisciplinaridade que tanto enriquece nossas conversas e principalmente pelos momentos de descontração e apoio. A minha família, fica o meu maior agradecimento, pelo imbatível amor, confiança, imensa paciência, compreensão e fundamental incentivo durante esses anos e sem a qual nada seria possível. Mãe, filhos, faltam palavras para expressar minha gratidão! Por fim, a todos os que me auxiliaram e que de algum modo contribuíram para o meu conhecimento e crescimento durante mais esta fase. Obrigada! iv SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO 12 1.1 Histórico taxonômico e morfológico de Zenoria .......................................................... 14 2 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS 18 2.1 Estudo Morfológico ...................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Material Examinado ...................................................................................................... 20 2.1.2 Terminologia ................................................................................................................. 21 2.2 Análise Cladística ......................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1 Terminais ...................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.2 Levantamento de Caracteres ......................................................................................... 22 2.2.3 Análises ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.3 Catálogo das espécies de Zenoria ................................................................................. 24 3 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO 25 3.1 Análise Cladística ......................................................................................................... 25 3.1.1 Lista de Caracteres e Morfologia .................................................................................. 25 3.2 Relacionamentos Filogenéticos .................................................................................... 41 3.3 Taxonomia .................................................................................................................... 51 3.4 Discussão Taxonômica ................................................................................................. 53 3.5 Chave de Identificação para as espécies de Zenoria Mulsant, 1850 ............................ 57 3.6 Catálogo das espécies de Zenoria ................................................................................. 62 4 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 70 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 73 APÊNDICES v LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela I. Espécies descritas de Zenoria Mulsant, 1850, distribuição e material tipo. ˡ Espécie- tipo....................................................................................................................................... .....22 Tabela II. Matriz de estados dos caracteres utilizados na análise cladística de Zenoria Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Ortaliini). Dados não observados (?) e dados não aplicáveis (-)............................................................................................................. ................ 27 Tabela III. Sumário das buscas com diferentes constantes de concavidade k avaliados nas análises cladísticas de Zenoria. A= número de árvores mais parcimoniosas encontradas; P= número de passos das árvores mais parcimoniosase R= número de rearranjos examinados. ........................................................ ........................................................................................113 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Proporção dos caracteres utilizados na matriz de dados por região do corpo a que se referem......................................................................................................................................26 Figura 2. Vista dorsal das espécies de Zenoria. 2.1. Z. annularis Gordon, 1971; 2.2. Z. carinata Gordon, 1971; 2.3. Z. crotchi Gordon, 1971; 2.4. Z. delicatula Weise, 1910; 2.5. Z. discoidalis (Kirsh, 1876); 2.6. Z. dozieri Gordon, 1972; 2.7. Z. emarginata Gordon, 1971; 2.8. Z. flavicollis Gordon, 1971; 2.9. Z. formosa Gordon, 1972; 2.10. Z. linteolata Mulsant, 1850; 2.11. Z. luciae González & Honour, 2012; 2.12. Z. major Crotch, 1874; 2.13. Z. nigricollis Gordon, 1972; 2.14. Z. pallida Gordon, 1971; 2.15. Z. paprzyckii Gordon, 1971; 2.16. Z. patula Gordon, 1971; 2.17. Z. peruviana Gordon, 1972; 2.18. Z. pilosula Mulsant, 1850; 2.19. Z. purpurea Gordon, 1972; 2.20. Z. ratzeburgi Mulsant, 1850; 2.21. Z. revestita (Mulsant, 1850); 2.22. Z. roberti Almeida, 1995; 2.23. Z. rodolioides Crotch, 1874; 2.24. Z. schwarzi Gordon, 1971; 2.25. Z. serva Gordon, 1971; 2.26. Z. similaris Gordon, 1971; 2.27. Z stellaris (Gorham, 1899); 2.28. Z. subcostalis Mulsant, 1850; 2.29. Z. sylvatica González & Honour, 2012; 2.30. Z. tricolor Nunenmacher, 1944; 2.31. Z. variabilis Gordon, 1971; 2.32. Z. sp. nov. 1; 2.33. Z. sp. nov. 2; 2.34. Z. sp. nov. 4; 2.35. Z. sp. nov. 5……………………………... .... 79 Figura 3. Zenoria roberti Almeida, 1995. A. Cabeça; B. Antena; C. Inserção antenal; D. Clípeo e labro; E. Pronoto vista dorsal; F. Prosterno; G. Palpo maxilar; H. maxila vista dorsal; I. Maxila vista ventral; J. Perna anterior; K. Garra pró tarsal macho; L. Garra meta tarsal macho; M. Metasterno; N. Élitro vista lateral; O. Élitro vista ventral; P. Abdômen fêmea; Q. Processo intercoxal abdominal; R. Linha pós-coxal abdominal (ventrito I)....................... ..... 80 vi Figura 4. Zenoria annularis Gordon, 1971. A. Tegmen vista ventral; B. Sifão; C. Capsula sifonal; D. Ápice do sifão; E. Genitália da fêmea; F. Abdômen da fêmea; G. Espermateca; H. Coxitos......................................................................................................................................81 Figura 5. Zenoria carinata Gordon, 1971. A. Abdômen da fêmea; B. Genitália da fêmea; C. Espermateca; D. Coxitos...........................................................................................................81 Figura 6. Zenoria crotchi Gordon, 1971. A. Tegmen vista ventral; B. Tegmen vista lateral; C. Sifão; D. Ápice do sifão; E. Abdômen macho; F. Genitália da fêmea; G. Espermateca; H. Infundíbulo; I. Abdômen da fêmea...................................................................................... .... 81 Figura 7. Zenoria discoidalis (Kirsh, 1876). A. Tegmen vista ventral; B. Tegmen vista lateral; C. Capsula sifonal; E. Abdômen macho. ...................................................................... 82 Figura 8. Zenoria dozieri Gordon, 1972. A. Tegmen vista ventral; B. Tegmen vista lateral; C. Sifão; D. Ápice do sifão; E. Abdômen macho; F. Genitália da fêmea; G. Espermateca; H. Coxitos; I. Abdômen da fêmea.................................................................................................82
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