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Army-End-Strength.Pdf
Getting it right Determining the optimal active component end strength of the all-volunteer Army to meet the demands of the 21st century Colonel John Evans, United States Army FEDERAL EXECUTIVE FELLOW Center for 21st Century Security and Intelligence June 2015 The views expressed in this monograph are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The Brookings Institution is a private, non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings research are solely those of its author(s), and do not reflect the view of the Institution, its management, or its other scholars. Cover photo courtesy of The U.S. Army Flickr, U.S. Army photo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode. CENTER FOR 21ST CENTURY SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE i CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ARMY END STRENGTH ........................................................... 4 Through Wold War II ..................................................................................................... 4 The new great power and the Cold -
Men-On-The-Spot and the Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920 Undergraduate
A Highly Disreputable Enterprise: Men-on-the-Spot and the Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1917-1920 Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation "with Honors Research Distinction in History" in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Conrad Allen The Ohio State University May 2016 Project Advisor: Professor Jennifer Siegel, Department of History The First World War ended on November 11, 1918. The guns that had battered away at each other in France and Belgium for four long years finally fell silent at eleven A.M. as the signed armistice went into effect. "There came a second of expectant silence, and then a curious rippling sound, which observers far behind the front likened to the noise of a light wind. It was the sound of men cheering from the Vosges to the sea," recorded South African soldier John Buchan, as victorious Allied troops went wild with celebration. "No sleep all night," wrote Harry Truman, then an artillery officer on the Western Front, "The infantry fired Very pistols, sent up all the flares they could lay their hands on, fired rifles, pistols, whatever else would make noise, all night long."1 They celebrated their victory, and the fact that they had survived the worst war of attrition the world had ever seen. "I've lived through the war!" cheered an airman in the mess hall of ace pilot Eddie Rickenbacker's American fighter squadron. "We won't be shot at any more!"2 But all was not quiet on every front. -
Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt9d5nc6t9 No online items Register of the Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] © 2003 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Register of the Aleksandr 75008 1 Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers Register of the Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii Papers Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California Contact Information Hoover Institution Archives Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 Phone: (650) 723-3563 Fax: (650) 725-3445 Email: [email protected] Prepared by: Date Completed: Encoded by: ByteManagers using OAC finding aid conversion service specifications © 2003 Hoover Institution Archives. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Aleksandr Sergeevich Lukomskii papers, Date (inclusive): 1914-1939 Collection number: 75008 Creator: Lukomskii, Aleksandr Sergeevich Extent: 4 manuscript boxes, 1 envelope(1.7 linear feet) Repository: Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace Stanford, California 94305-6010 Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, reports, writings, notes, and printed matter, relating to Russian military operations during World War I, and to the Russian Civil War. Also available on microfilm (5 reels). Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Language: Russian. Access Collection is open for research. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution -
NARRATING the NATIONAL FUTURE: the COSSACKS in UKRAINIAN and RUSSIAN ROMANTIC LITERATURE by ANNA KOVALCHUK a DISSERTATION Prese
NARRATING THE NATIONAL FUTURE: THE COSSACKS IN UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN ROMANTIC LITERATURE by ANNA KOVALCHUK A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Comparative Literature and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2017 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Anna Kovalchuk Title: Narrating the National Future: The Cossacks in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic Literature This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Comparative Literature by: Katya Hokanson Chairperson Michael Allan Core Member Serhii Plokhii Core Member Jenifer Presto Core Member Julie Hessler Institutional Representative and Scott L. Pratt Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2017 ii © 2017 Anna Kovalchuk iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Anna Kovalchuk Doctor of Philosophy Department of Comparative Literature June 2017 Title: Narrating the National Future: The Cossacks in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic Literature This dissertation investigates nineteenth-century narrative representations of the Cossacks—multi-ethnic warrior communities from the historical borderlands of empire, known for military strength, pillage, and revelry—as contested historical figures in modern identity politics. Rather than projecting today’s political borders into the past and proceeding from the claim that the Cossacks are either Russian or Ukrainian, this comparative project analyzes the nineteenth-century narratives that transform pre- national Cossack history into national patrimony. Following the Romantic era debates about national identity in the Russian empire, during which the Cossacks become part of both Ukrainian and Russian national self-definition, this dissertation focuses on the role of historical narrative in these burgeoning political projects. -
White Propaganda Efforts in the South During the Russian Civil War, 1918
White Propaganda Efforts in the South during the Russian Civil War, 1918-19 (The Alekseev- Denikin Period) Author(s): Christopher Lazarski Source: The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 70, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 688-707 Published by: the Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4211088 . Accessed: 27/11/2013 10:49 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Modern Humanities Research Association and University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Slavonic and East European Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.197.26.12 on Wed, 27 Nov 2013 10:49:20 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions SEER, Vol.70, No. 4, October1992 White Propaganda Efforts in the South during the Russian Civil War, I 98-I9 (the Alekseev-DenikinPeriod) CHRISTOPHER LAZARSKI As early as in the course of the Russian Civil War, the Whites regarded their propaganda as a total failure. Later, in exile, their criticism of it only grew stronger. -
Military Traditions of the Don Cossacks in the Late Imperial Period T
Вестник СПбГУ. История. 2020. Т. 65. Вып. 3 Military Traditions of the Don Cossacks in the Late Imperial Period T. E. Zulfugarzade, A. Yu. Peretyatko For citation: Zulfugarzade T. E., Peretyatko A. Yu. Military Traditions of the Don Cossacks in the Late Imperial Period. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History, 2020, vol. 65, issue 3, рp. 771–789. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.305 The issue of the development of military traditions in the Cossack milieu on the eve of the 20th century is a matter of debate in contemporary Russian historiography. A number of scholars (e. g., A. V. Iarovoi and N. V. Ryzhkova) have argued that the Cossacks’ system of historical military traditions remained viable until 1917. Other researchers (e. g., O. V. Matveev) have claimed that the system of Cossack military traditions had actually experienced a crisis and collapsed by then. This paper seeks to establish the truth. To accomplish this, the authors draws upon a set of newly discovered responses from Russian generals to the report of the Maslakovets Commission. The paper shows that the Cossacks’ historical traditions of military training in the stanitsas were forgotten not by the beginning of the 20th century, but by the 1860s. During this time, declining combat capability of the Don units, with 50 % of the young Cossacks entering military service by the beginning of the 20th century “poorly” and “unsat- isfactorily” prepared, drew the attention of Alexander II. The War Ministry endeavored to revive the Cossacks’ martial games and military training in the stanitsas. However, according to certain Cossack generals, its actions, at the same time, had violated the historical Cossack traditions of military training, causing, by certain testimonies, their total ruin by the begin- ning of the 20th century. -
The Cossack Myth: History and Nationhood in the Age of Empires
THE COSSACK MYTH In the years following the Napoleonic Wars, a mysterious manuscript began to circulate among the dissatisfied noble elite of the Russian Empire. Entitled The History of the Rus′, it became one of the most influential historical texts of the modern era. Attributed to an eighteenth-century Orthodox archbishop, it described the heroic struggles of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Alexander Pushkin read the book as a manifestation of Russian national spirit, but Taras Shevchenko interpreted it as a quest for Ukrainian national liberation, and it would inspire thousands of Ukrainians to fight for the freedom of their homeland. Serhii Plokhy tells the fascinating story of the text’s discovery and dissemination, unravelling the mystery of its authorship and tracing its subsequent impact on Russian and Ukrainian historical and literary imagination. In so doing, he brilliantly illuminates the relationship between history, myth, empire, and nationhood, from Napoleonic times to the fall of the Soviet Union. serhii plokhy is the Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard University. His previous publications include Ukraine and Russia: Representations of the Past (2008)andThe Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (2006). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 210.212.129.125 on Sun Dec 23 05:35:34 WET 2012. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139135399 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2012 new studies in european history Edited by PETER -
Bylye Gody. 2021. 16(3)
Bylye Gody. 2021. 16(3) Copyright © 2021 by Cherkas Global University Copyright © 2021 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Published in the USA Co-published in the Slovak Republic Bylye Gody Has been issued since 2006. E-ISSN: 2310-0028 2021. 16(3): 1063-1074 DOI: 10.13187/bg.2021.3.1063 Journal homepage: http://ejournal52.com Articles about the Cossacks History in the Historical Journal «Bylye Gody» (2006−2021) Artyom Yu. Peretyatko a , b , * a Cherkas Global University (International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research), Washington, USA b Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russian Federation Abstract The article is devoted to the analysis of the significance of the Russian historical journal «Bylye Gody» for actual Cossack studies. «Bylye Gody» is not a specialized journal for Cossack studies. But the original place of publication of the journal (Sochi) contributed to the establishment of contacts between the journal and the historians of the South of Russia, for whom the Cossack studies is traditional. Therefore, analyzing whose articles about the history of the Cossacks were published in the journal «Bylye Gody», one can understand the significance of this journal for the scientific community of the South of Russia. The article examines publications in the journal «Bylye Gody» about the history of the Cossacks and publications of recognized Cossack researchers on other topics from 2006 to 2021. It is shown that Cossack topics played an increasing role as the journal's authority grew (the first articles about the history of the Cossacks were published in 2010, in 2010−2014 publications about the history of the Cossacks have repeatedly opened issues, and since 2018 Cossack topics have been presented in each issue of the magazine). -
Reassessing Russian Warlordism: the Case for a New Paradigm Collin J
Florida State University Libraries 2016 Reassessing Russian Warlordism: The Case for a New Paradigm Collin J. (Collin James) Wonnacott Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC POLICY REASSESSING RUSSIAN WARLORDISM: THE CASE FOR A NEW PARADIGM By COLLIN J. WONNACOTT A Thesis submitted to the Program in Russian and Eastern European Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2016 Collin J. Wonnacott defended this thesis on April 13, 2016. The members of the supervisory committee were: Jonathan Grant Professor Directing Thesis Mark Souva Committee Member Nina Efimov Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND ...............................................................................................1 CHAPTER TWO: SOUTHERN WHITES ...................................................................................12 CHAPTER THREE: KOLCHAK’S WHITES .............................................................................39 CHAPTER FOUR: EASTERN WHITES ....................................................................................46 -
Carl Beck White Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence During the Russian Civil
The Carl Beck Papers in Russian & East European Studies Number 1108 Viktor Bortnevski White Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence during the Russian Civil War ~EES fil E Cl N f [ 1 r o. l U" "''' N • [ "'ST EU Il O' I"N S TUD IES Viktor G. Bortnevski is the author of numerous articles on the Russian Civil War and the White emigration. He is the founder and editor of the historical almanac Russkoe proshloe. Published in St. Petersburg, Russkoe proshloe was the first independent historical journal to appear in post-Soviet Russia. No. 1108, August 1995 <0 1995 by The Center for Russian and East European Studies, a program of the University Center for International Studies, University of Pittsburgh ISSN 0899-275X The Carl BeckPapers Editors: William Chase, Bob Donnorummo, Ronald H. Linden Managing Editor: Martha Snodgrass Assistant Editor: Eileen O'Malley Cover design: Mike Savitski Submissions to The Carl Beck Papers are welcome. Manuscripts must be in English, double-spaced throughout, and less than 110 pages in length, including all notes and supplemental material. Acceptance is based on anonymous review. Mail submissions to: Editors, TheCarlBeckPapers, Center for Russian and East European Studies, 40-15 Forbes Quadrangle, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Counter-Intelligence followed the troops. That institution has never been used so widely as in the last Civil War. It was organized not only by high staffs and military governors, but by almost all military units, political organizations. the Don. Kuban and Terek governments...even ... by the Propaganda department... .It was a fashion. a sickly mania produced by mutual distrust and suspicion. -
The 1649 Battlefield of Zboriv: Identification of Place and Planning Reconstruction
ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES Vol. 5, No. 2, 2019 Mandzy Adrian O. Associate Professor of History, Morehead State University, Kentucky, USA e-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-7831-1560 THE 1649 BATTLEFIELD OF ZBORIV: IDENTIFICATION OF PLACE AND PLANNING RECONSTRUCTION © Mandzy A. O.2019 In 2001, dr. A. Mandzy, working with scholars in both Poland and Ukraine, initiated the Cossack Battlefield Commission to explore and study Cossack battlefields. The battlef ield near Zboriv 1649 was chosen as the object of survey. Much like previous excavations at the Berestechko Battlefield, the Zboriv project made heavy use of historical records, cartographic evidence and archaeological fields testing methods. Beginning in 2002, the group of researches, working under promotion dr. Mandzy in conjunction with the I. Kryp’iakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies and Department of Architecture and Conservation of Lviv Polytechnic University, the regional power of preservation of historical and cultural monuments for the Ternopil Oblast, began a joint survey, the purpose of which was identifying any possible remaining cultural resources associated with the military events of 1649. Material of this survey was the basis for hypothetical planning reconstruction of 1649 field fortifications lines. Keywords: town of Zboriv, battlefield, Cossack and Polish Army, 17 th century, hypothetical reconstruction, field fortification. Introduction. The Battle of Zboriv is one of the major events in Ukrainian and Polish history. Following two days of bitter fighting, the battle came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Zboriv. This Treaty recognized the de facto autonomy of three Ukrainian provinces and established an independent Ukrainian Cossack principality. -
The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine Prelims.Z3 24/9/01 11:20 AM Page Ii Prelims.Z3 24/9/01 11:20 AM Page Iii
prelims.z3 24/9/01 11:20 AM Page i The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine prelims.z3 24/9/01 11:20 AM Page ii prelims.z3 24/9/01 11:20 AM Page iii The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine SERHII PLOKHY 3 prelims.z3 24/9/01 11:20 AM Page iv 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Athens Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi Paris São Paulo Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Serhii Plokhy The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Plokhy, Serhii.