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A.B.C. , in –, Abd el Krim , in May Abu Zacaría n. Agrarian workers’ unions Acción Católica see F.E.T.T.; F.N.A.E. Youth Organization Ágreda, Sor María de n. Acción Popular – agriculture, Youth Organization (J.A.P.) general statistics – recent decline , joins Falange , revival – Acción Republicana , ruined by sheep farmers see also Azaña – and nn. D and E Acosta, Father Josef de , system of cultivation , n. Adame, Manuel n.B see also Agrarian Reform; agrarian credit and n., n.F Moslem Spain; rents; in small holdings; wages; in and under names of chief Agrarian party –, provinces Agrarian Reform, Aguilera, Joaquín , , n. (–) , – A.I.T. (Asociación Internacional de (–) – and n.F Trabajadores) (–) – and n. see International in , Álava , , under Ceda Albacete Federal programme Albarracín, Severino and Radicals , Albornoz, Álvaro de under Republic , – Alcalá Zamora, Niceto see also agriculture and Ceda agrarian unrest, deposed before , and Left (–) , , , President of Republic n.D Alcoy, rising at and nn.C and Andalusia (–) – D, n.C, n. (–) – Alfonso XII , , Republic (–) –, Alfonso XIII, , – born
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character – moral and religious character of fall – –, n.L, liberalism real meaning of maturity see also ‘Anarchist and Moroccan disaster communism’; Anarchist plots against Primo Movement (asceticism reactionary tendencies , and naturism); Bakunin , ‘Anarchist communism’ , , Alhumecas , , n.J, , Alía Anarchist Movement, non- Alianza de la Democracia Social Spanish see Amsterdam; see Alliance of Social International, First; Democracy Kropotkin; London Alianza Obrera Anarchist Movement, Spanish, in Asturias (–) –, – in Barcelona see also Bakunin; Alliance of Social Democracy, International, First and F.A.I. (–) – at Geneva , see also International, programme n.B First in Spain , –, (–) –, , (–) Almenara Alta, Duke of n. see also Syndicalism Almería (–) , –, – emigration to Barcelona a-politicism n. Almirall, Valentín acting on instinct and n. Alpujarras n.F in Andalusia , , n., Álvarez, Melquíades , , , , , n. in – – Álvarez Ossorio in – –, Álvarez del Vayo, Julio Alcoy Communist sympathies , Casas Viejas C.N.T. founded Amadeo, King , Congress of Cordova Amado, Julio, Civil Governor of Jerez rising Barcelona Malaga America, South, anarchists in Mano Negra n.J Seville (–) , , Amiens, Charte d’ n., n., and n.B Amnesty, Bill of () in Aragon , Amsterdam, Anarchist Congress rising of Dec. at asceticism , , , Anarchism, Spanish, n.L, n.
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Anarchist Movement, Spanish in Galicia (Corunna) , , (cont.) , n.A, in Asturias n., , group organization , , n.H, , n.G n., rising of – hatred of Church , , and Carlism –, n.C in Levante , , , , in Catalonia , , , n.B , n.E and liberty –, – (–) – in Madrid , –, , (–) (–) –, – see also C.N.T.; Catalonia and Andalusia , congresses (below) and n., , naturism , , n.L Republic –, , ‘party of order’ n.M Civil War –, , press , –, , , and Madrid , and n. , and n., n., Civil War , –, n., and n.F, , , carries no advertisements and collectivization and n., n.L , – programmes and Communists , and n., () n.E in and n.B () n. in Civil War , and n. pseudo-anarchist press congresses n. before Republic , –, , see International, First; , n.B C.N.T. of see C.N.T. Asturian rising – others Popular Front , Seville () rising in Aragon Barcelona () and return to the past , , Madrid () –, n.N, criminal elements , , n.O, n., disapproval of co-operatives revolutionary capacities and arbitration – and n., tribunals , – n.H disapproval of money , schools , n.L, n.H n.A, n. and Socialists nn.K and L, distribution of n., and and n.A, n., , n.F see also Autoritarios; C.N.T. see also map on p.[] statistics of and elections , , , up to , and n., , n.A, , and n., n.A n.B in and n.
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(–) n. Aragon, see also (for later periods) agrarian conditions –, C.N.T. – terrorism n.J rising in assassinations –, , Arahal Araquistáin, Luís bomb throwing and nn., , arbitration boards, industrial in Dictatorship (comités paretarios) during Civil War , , n., –, n. in Republic (jurados mixtos) and F.A.I. – , Mano Negra Arcos de la Frontera , pistoleros in Barcelona , Arleguí, General , , n., n.A Army , –, propaganda by deed and freemasons – and n., see also C.N.T.; F.A.I. n. Anarcho-Syndicalism Juntas de Defensa see Anarchist U.M.E. Movement (after ); Arruit, Monte C.N.T.; F.A.I.; Ascaso, Francisco , Syndicalism Ascheri Andalusia, Assembly of the Cortes (in ) agrarian conditions , , –, n.H Asturias, see also agrarian unrest agrarian conditions and n., and Catalonia , causes of demoralization C.N.T. and U.G.T. , , of labourers , , , n. fishermen’s collective under Moslems – and n.C rising of Oct. – ruined by Castile – and arms n. nn. atrocity campaign – nn. Andrade, Juan , n.A, moral success of n.C repression Ansó Ateneo , anti-clericalism , , atrocities see police; terrorism see also Anarchist Movement; atrocity campaigns see Alcoy; Church; Liberals Asturias aparcería (share-cropping), Augustinians , among Basques Autoritarios and n., in Catalonia , , Avila Apostólicos Axdir Aquinas, St Thomas Azaña, Manuel and n.,
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Azaña, Manuel (cont.) municipal graft and agrarian reform n.D numbers of n., n. character – tendency to reformism elected president n.E forms government , , general strike () labour troubles – and Largo Caballero , , Republic –, – rising of Oct. and order , – and n. Rull out of office , Semana Trágica , and religious causes Baroja, Pío n. trial of barraganía and n. Azcárate, Gumersindo de Bas, Carlos Azorín Basle, Congress at Azpeitia, Mateo n. Basque Nationalists and Ceda , Badajoz , leave Cortes massacre in , Popular Front and n. Basque Provinces, Badiá, Miguel agrarian conditions – Bakunin, Michael – character – and F.A.I. , n.F history – and International , – wages n.K and Kropotkin see also Bilbao and Chap. ix and Spanish Regional Federation (The Carlists) , , , and Batet, General , n.G n.B, n., n. Bembibre n. on terrorism n. Bentham, Jeremy n. Balbontin, José Antonio n.B Berenguer, General Dámaso baldíos n., n.C, n.F Berne, Congress of bandits Besteiro, Julián , , , banks, credit see Agrarian credit bienes de propio and n., Barcelona, Bilbao, architecture n. and Carlists , n. bomb throwing – and Catholic unions Cantonalists and Socialists , Civil War Bivona, Duke of Congresses Blasco Ibáñez, Vincente , of International () n. of Bloque Obrero y Campesino anarchist () (B.O.C.) , n.C factory workers see also Left Communist early unions , n. party
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Borkenau, Franz , n.L, Campomanes, Conde de , , n., n., Bravo Murillo, Juan n. Canadiense, el (Riegos y Fuerza Bravo Portillo , del Ebro), strike at , Brigada Social Brunel, Antoine de Canalejas, José Brussels, Congress of assassinated budget, Cánovas del Castillo, Antonio in , –, , , , , in Dictatorship , and n., n. in Republic assassinated , n.H, bull pastures and n. and Church , n. bureaucracy see Government and high tariffs Burgos Cánovas Cervantes, S. n.M Burgos y Mazo, Manuel de n. Cantonalists – and International n.C Caballero, Largo see Largo Carillo, Santiago, Jr Caballero Carlist Communion Cabarrús, Conde de n.B Carlists –, – Cabriñana, Marqués de and agrarian questions , caciques –, , , in and Basques , , , in Andalusia , n.D n., , n.D and bandits and Catalans , , , and federalism – in Galicia ‘Don Carlos or petrol’ n. Cadaqués and English Tories n. Cadiz, (fueros) , agrarian conditions , , and Liberals , – n., , n.H and local autonomy , , Bakuninists at n.D Cadiz, Cortes of , , , ‘monkish democracy’ n.A Calvo Sotelo, José n.B, , and terrorism , , – and n.C, n., in , , , see also Traditionalist party Cambó, Francisco , n. Carlos, Don (Carlos V) – and Dictatorship n. Carlos, Don (Carlos VII) and Martínez Anido Carlos, Don Alfonso Renovation Movement , Carmona n., , Republic , n. Carner, Jaime Solidaridad Catalana , n., Carolina, La carta puebla (or de población) Campoamor, Clara n. Cartagena
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cartels, development of n. employers’ federations , Casa Militar –, n.D, n. Casares Quiroga, Santiago , Nationalist Movement –, , –, , –, Casas del Pueblo n.L, , and n. Casas Viejas see also Cambó; Esquerra; Caso Generalidad; Lliga Castelar, Emilio , and tariffs , , Castilblanco, rising at – Catechism , Castile, Catholic Action see Accíon agrarian conditions , Católica –, –, Catholic trade unions –, n.B, nn.H and K –, and Andalusia – Catholic Youth centralist tendencies n., Catholicism see Church Caxa de Leruela, Miguel , see also Catalonia n.E peasant risings Ceda (Confederación Española de Castillejo, José , n.A, Derechos Autónomos) n.C , Castro del Rio , n.L elections Catalan Autonomy Statute after Asturian rising – Catalan Government and Basques , see Generalidad and Calvo Sotelo Catalan Socialist party in Civil War see Socialist party of refusal to tax landlords Catalonia social legislation of Catalonia, see also Acción Popular agrarian conditions , Ceferino, Father attitude to Madrid, of middle censo, classes n., , – in Castile and n., of workers , n., , eighteenth-century n.F in North n., Castilian method of ruling Republic and n. –, and n., , in Valencia n.C, and n., censorship, and n. Red early history – Republican effect of Catalan labour Cervera, University of , troubles on rest of cesantes Spain n.D C.G.T. (Confédération Général du industry, anarchy of Travail) , , development of cartels n. theory of general strike
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Chade (Compañía Hispano- in Americana de Electricidad) in , and n. by Anarchists , , Chalmers Mitchell, Sir Peter n., Chapaprieta, Joaquín , by Carlists Chato de Cuqueta, el n. chusqueros Chrétien de Troyes n. Cierva see La Cierva Church, Ciges Aparicio, Manuel n. agrarian policy n., Circumcellians n., , Civil Guards – in Basque Provinces see also Casas Viejas; Oviedo; in Galicia Yeste in Old Castile Claret, Father n. attitude to state –, , , Claridad n.A clergy and n. and Civil War attitude to Republic decay of religious faith –, in Basque Provinces , in Galicia early history – C.N.T. (Confederación Nacional del and education , and n.A, Trabajo) , , , n.A () n. intellectual decline of n., elections , , Asturian rising – labour policy see Catholic trade Barcelona (–) –, unions and Liberals , – in Barcelona – see also Carlists chief agrarian strikes persecution by anarchists (–) property confiscated (–) by Liberals , , () by Republicans – chief industrial strikes and rich and n., , () social function of , Canadiense () , socialist tendencies in La Felguera () n.G seventeenth century Saragossa () – Civil War –, n. see also Acción Católica; Carlists; and Communists clergy; Jesuits; see also Anarchist Movement; Monastic Orders F.A.I. church burning, congresses in n. For other congresses in see Anarchist in Movement
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C.N.T. (Confederación Nacional del collaboration , , , Trabajo) (cont.) , Madrid () rivalry with n.B, , Madrid () and nn. , Madrid () and n. rising of Aragonese Federation Saragossa () , , Saragossa () sabotage Saragossa () solidarity with prisoners , defeats Sanjurjo’s rising , n.A, dissident syndicates statistics see Trentistas in dissolved () in and n.F distribution –, n.F, in n.B n.K in Barcelona n. see also map on p.543 strike of Aug. n.E enters Government strike manifestos () founded () n.E land workers’ federation subscriptions , n.B, (F.N.A.E.) – n.A joins Syndicalist International syndical organization of and n., n.B, n.E and F.A.I. –, theory of general strike , and Falangists and n., local relations of C.N.T. and Trentistas expelled U.G.T. Co-operative Movement , Asturias , n. , , – Rio Tinto n.B condemned by C.N.T. Valencia n.B Collectivism , relations with Anarchists , and Communism , n.J collectivization, no accounts kept n.A agrarian no paid officials , in Civil War no strike funds , , set up by U.G.T. , urged by C.N.T. , relations with Communists and n. see also Anarchist urged by U.G.T. , Movement n. relations with F.A.I. and industrial, in Civil War – n., n., and see also Co-operative n.F Movement; communes, relations with U.G.T. collectivist proposed fusion and Colman, ‘Baron de Koenig’ , n.H
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Comillas in Civil War n. Comisión de Reformas Sociales , in rising – n.H trial see also Instituto de Reformas Comunión Tradicionalista Sociales see Traditionalist party comités see committees comunismo libertario , , commissars, political , , , , committees, concierto económico (of Basques) in Civil War –, n. , and medieval communes Concordat (of ) , , n.N Confederación Nacional de Trabajo of syndicates of C.N.T. see C.N.T. communal lands, Confédération Général du Travail breaking up of – see C.G.T. pastures , , Conservative party (Partido two kinds of n. Liberal Conservador) , communes see municipalities , communes, collectivist , attitude to strikes –, – Constitution, Republican Communism, –, in projected reform of and First International , convents, burned , see also ‘Anarchist communism’; dissolved comunismo libertario increase of Communist Party, see also Monastic Orders in elections Conze, Edward n. and Alianza Obrera Cordova, in Asturian rising , n. agrarian conditions – during Civil War , – F.N.A.E. founded and C.N.T. , and n. Regional Congress of the founded , and n. International numbers n.B, and n. (Dec. ) n., policy n., , , , and ‘Trotskyists’ n.C, , n.A strikes , , and U.G.T. Cort de la Seo , Communist party, Left see Left Cortes, composition of, under Communist party Monarchy Comorera, Juan Cortes, Constituent, Companys, Luís, of –, in , n. Agrarian Statute – in , Catalan Statute
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Cortes, Constituent (cont.) of causes of failure – of , on education and n.C education, labour legislation , under Monarchy – legislation on Church – under Republic and n.C, other legislation , see also Church; Institución Libre Corunna , , , de Enseñanza Costa, Joaquín , , , eight-hour day, Covadonga established and n., Cuba, loss of and n., , and Federals Cullera strikes for , , elections, Dato, Eduardo , and n., apathy of electorate corruption in and n., Debate, el n., Dencás, Dr José – elections to Cortes derrotas , n. (June ) Desheredados and n. (Nov. ) , n.A Díaz del Moral, Juan , (Feb. ) – and n.A n.C, n., electoral law of Republic , Dictatorship – n., labour policy of method of preparing –, , monopolies n. n. public works municipal elections repression of Catalans (April ) divorce law (April ) Dobby, E.H.G. n., , , Electra, performance of n.J emphyteusis n., n. Dollfuss , encomienda and n. Domingo, Marcelino , Engels, Friedrich n., n.C England, comparison of Spain to Doval, Gerardo –, – Doval, police major in Asturias equality, social , n.O escamots – dry farming Escuela Moderna , Durruti, Buenaventura , , Espartero, General n., n., Esquerra , , , composition of Ebro valley elections of Echevarrieta, Horacio , n. elections to Generalidad Ecija n., n., n.D and P.S.U.C. economic crisis, and Rabassaires of n. Estat Catalá
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estates see latifundia; small Federación Anarquista Ibérica holdings see F.A.I. estraperlo see straperlo Federación Comunista Ibérica European War n.C Expediente Consultivo Federación Española de Extremadura, Trabajadores de la Tierra agrarian conditions , – see F.E.T.T. and n., n.F, Federación Nacional de n.H Agricultores Españoles evictions see F.N.A.E. rising (Castilblanco) – Federación de las Tres Clases de yunteros , , Vapor de Cataluña , (Cáceres) n. Eza, Vizconde de , n., , Federal Republic – Federalism , – Felguera, La Fabra Ribas, Francisco rising () – factory legislation and n. strike at n.G F.A.I. (Federación Anarquista Ferrer, Francisco , , Ibérica) and n., F.E.T.T. (Federación Española de –, Trabajadores de la group organization n., Tierra) , , , judgement on n.H Fichte, J. G. n. opposition to in C.N.T. fishermen’s collectives see Trentistas and anarchism ‘organized indiscipline’ Flórez Estrada, Álvaro n. risings of , , n.F, F.N.A.E. (Federación Nacional de , Agricultores Españoles) Fal Conde, Manuel , n.D, – Fomento del Trabajo Nacional , Falange Española , , , , – Foreign Legion (Tercio), in in Civil War , Asturias , , ‘family community system’ n.E, and n. foro –, and n., famine of , Foronda, Marqués de Fanelli, Giuseppi , – and n. Fourierists his mistake , n.B Franco, General Francisco, Faraldo, Antolín n. in –, , Farga Pellicer, Rafael , , Civil War , nn.A and B, Franco, Major Ramón , n.H n.B
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freemasons – and n.B, Giménez Caballero, E. n. n. Giral, José fueros, goat, pernicious Aragonese Godwin, William Basque , , , , Goicoechea, Antonio n.D González Morago, Tomás n., Catalan , , , n.A, n.O Gafo, Father , González Peña, Ramón , , Galán, Captain Fermín Galicia, Gordón Ordás, Felix agrarian conditions –, ‘Gorkín, Julián’ n.C n. Government, and statute of autonomy administration –, n. and n.A bureaucracy – and n.A see also Anarchist Movement frequent changes of , and n. García Hernández, Ángel see also Governors, Civil; Justice; municipalities; Party García Oliver, Juan , , System n.E Governors, Civil, García Quejido, Antonio , control of justice and n.A manipulation of elections by Garrido, Fernando , – Generalidad see also caciques Civil War and n. Granada, elections (Jan. ) in n.D passes Ley de Cultivos agrarian conditions rising Autoritarios in Geneva, cantonalist rising Bakunin at , elections Congress () n. U.G.T. in , , n.A, Kropotkin at n. George, Henry n. grandees n. Gerard, Father Grotius Gijón , – Guardia Civil see Civil Guards Gil Robles, José María , , Guardia de Asalto , n. guerrillas and n.M, n.C, collapse in elections , , Guesde, Jules and n., enters government Guinea, Spanish at height of power Guipúzcoa , , , minister for war n.D programme Guzmán de Alfarache
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Hague, Congress at the () Basle () Conference of London Hedilla, Manuel () heresy, last execution for n. Hague () Herrera, Ángel Bakuninist continuation of Herzen, Alexander , , (–) , n. Congresses Hidalgo, Diego Saint Imier () , Home Office (Ministerio de , n. Gobernación) , , Geneva () n. Berne () Ibarruri, Dolores (la Pasionaria) Congresses , For statistics, distribution idleness of Spaniards , n.O etc. see Anarchist Iglesias, Pablo n.A, – Movement strike Barcelona () character Cordova () n., , elected to Madrid Municipality n., n. Barcelona () illiteracy –, Anarchist Congress at independence of Spaniards London () and n., n.O Seville () Inquisition , , and n. Valencia () abolition of Spanish Regional Federation and Carlists , , of (–) last victims of and n., , ‘anarchist communism’ , museum of, burned n. Congress of Cordova Institución Libre de Enseñanza , dissensions in – , and Federalists – and Instituto Industrial de Cataluña n.C Instituto de Reforma Agraria , founded , n.D revived Instituto de Reformas Sociales , suppressed , n.L underground see also Comisión de Reformas International, Second, Socialists Sociales join insurance, state International, Syndicalist or International, First (or A.I.T.) Berlin (–) , –, International, Third (Communist), Congresses and C.N.T. , Brussels () and Socialists
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irrigation , –, , , Krivitsky, General n. Kropotkin, Prince , , , Irujo, Manuel Izquierda Comunista see Left Communist party La Cierva, Juan de n. Izquierda Republicana in – , – in – and n., , Jaca labour, Jaén conditions in mines and U.G.T. in , factories Jaime, Don, de Borbón see also labour J.A.P. (Joventudes Acción Popular) legislation; wages see Acción Popular, labour legislation , Youth Organization eight-hour day acts and n., Jerez, reapers’ strike factory acts and n. rising , housing act Jesuits, repealed by Radicals and the Ceda under Republic , and education –, , see also arbitration boards policy – Labour, Ministry of suppressed and n.A, labourers, landless , – turned out cause of demoralization in unpopularity , , Andalusia , n. Jiménez Fernández, Manuel Lafargue, Paul , Jocs Florals land banks see agrarian credit J.O.N.S. (Juntas de Ofensiva Land Workers’ Federation, Nacional Sindicalista) of C.N.T. see F.N.A.E. of U.G.T. see F.E.T.T. Jovellanos, Gaspar Melchor de , Langdon Davies, John n., n., , n.G n., – Jóvenes Bárbaros , lar (or llar) Juntas de Defensa , , , , Largo Caballero, Francisco, n. Civil War premier , Jura, anarchists of , , and Communists jurados mixtos see arbitration in Constituent Cortes , boards , n.D Jurisdictions, Law of and Dictatorship , Justice, administration of and elected to Cortes n.A elected to Madrid Municipality n., n. Koenig, ‘Baron de’ (or Colman) leads general strike () , , and n.B
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new policy –, straperlo scandal October rising see also Radical party Popular Front Levante, and Prieto agrarian conditions – and Second International conversions to anarchism signs pact with Seguí the ‘Spanish Lenin’ –, Ley de Cultivos , – ley de fugas n., , n., trial latifundia , , – Ley de Jurados Mixtos , definition nn., n.H, Ley de Términos Municipales and n. Laveleye, Baron Émile de Liberal party –, law courts see Justice and Catalans Law of the Defence of the and Church , –, Republic , and education Law of Public Order , n. legalizes trade unions Law of Religious Confessions Liberals (before ) , and Congregations – n.B agrarian policy of , , Law of Restrictions n., –, n.B, laws, for other Laws see Ley de – n.G, leases, victory consolidated – long term see aparcerio; censo; ‘libertarian’ n. foro; rents liberties, civil n. short term and n., , Linares Left Communist party n., Linea, La n.B , , n.C Llánabes , see also Bloque Obrero y Lliga Regionalista (or Lliga), Campesino; P.O.U.M. and Carlists Leo XIII, Pope , , and Dictatorship Leon, agrarian conditions , elections of , , , , n.H, Lérida, rising at elections of and n.A Lerroux, Alejandro founded – (–) , Mancomunidades in strike and Military Juntas Bienio Negro , Renovation Movement , Casas del Pueblo – character and Republic – in Constituent Cortes , Rull , Solidaridad Catalana not elected n. see also Cambó; Generalidad
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Llobregat Valley, rising in , Maestrazgo, el Maeztu, Ramiro de Loja Malaga n.O, , London, Malatesta, Errico , , Anarchist Congress () n.F, Conference of International Mancha, La, agrarian conditions () –, n.H López, Juan Mancomunidades, Law of López Montenegro, José repealed López Ochoa, General , Mano Negra and n.G Manresa Lora del Rio Bases de , Lorca Manzanares, programme Lorenzo, Anselmo n., of and n., n., n.A, March, Juan n. n.G, n.A, Margallo, General n. n.D, n.O Mariana, Father Juan de , , Maciá, Colonel Francisco , Martínez Anido, General , Severiano – and Madariaga, Salvador de , , nn., n.C , , n.I, Martínez Barrio, Diego , , n., , n.A, , n.C Martínez Campos, General , Madrid, Anarchist rising (June ) Martínez de la Mata n., Martínez de Velasco, José n. Autoritarios Marvaud, Angel , n. socialists and n. Marx, Karl, voting in election and Bakunin , , – n. views on Spain , anarchists in Marxism, and anarchism , Congresses at Maura, Antonio anarchist () character – and n., C.N.T., () extracts from speeches n., () and nn. n.A, n.B () forms government () Falangist escuadristas Maura, Miguel n.B general strike () n.B Minister for Home Affairs Monarchist rising (Aug. ) n. resigns , Socialist rising (Oct. ) Maura Gamazo, Gabriel, Conde socialists , , n. de la Mortera
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Maurín, Joaquín, Montañés, Carlos, Governor of founds Bloque Obrero y Barcelona , Campesino n.C Montilla n. founds Left Communist party rising at n.D Montjuich, Castle of helps found Communist party tortures and n.I , n. Moorish troops, in Asturias , joins Alianza Obrera – and n.F and Popular Front Mora, Francisco n., n., taken by Franco n.A, , views , , n., n., Morago, Tomás González see González Morago visits Russia Morato, Juan José n.A mayorazgos – Morel-Fatio, A. n.A Medina Sidonia, Duke of Moret, Segismundo , n.H Melilla , Moriscos, expulsion of , Mella, Ricardo n.A Mendizábal, Juan Álvarez y Morocco, Menéndez, Arturo, Director conduct of war General of Police corruption cost Menéndez y Pelayo, Marcelino final conquest of – n.A military disaster Mesa, José , n., n.A in Mesta, the – and n.E, in – Miláns del Bosch, General – Morón ministers, duties of strike at n. Mola, General n., Morral, Mateo Monarchists, Moslem Spain, agrarian persecution of n.I conditions , n., rising of, in n.C see also Renovación Moyano, Claudio n. Española municipalities, Monastic Orders administration of n. dissolved graft in increase of Barcelona schools see Church Madrid tactics of n. medieval n.N unpopularity , , preparation of lists of voters by money-lenders , – see also elections monopolies n. Murcia n. Montaña, Father Fernández agrarian conditions , , n.,
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Murcia (cont.) Pallás, Paulino conversion to anarchism Pardo, Pact of the emigration to Barcelona partidas Junta of see also guerrillas Murcia de la Llave Partido de la Porra , n.D Partido Obrero de Unificación Narváez, General , , Marxista see P.O.U.M. creates Civil Guard Partit Socialista Unificat de importance of Catalunya see P.S.U.C. Navarre, Party System (under Monarchy) agrarian conditions , and Basque provinces , Pascazio, Nicolo and n., , n.D n.E and Carlists , , Pasionaria, la see Ibarruri, Navy n.B Dolores Negrin, Juan , Patrocinio, Sor n. Nelken, Margarita Pavía, General Nettlau, Dr Max n.J Peers, Professor Allison , Nin, Andrés, n.C, n.F founds Left Communist party Peiró, Juan helps found Communist party hostility to F.A.I. and n.F, , n. , n. murdered influence in Asturias and P.O.U.M. n.C and terrorism n. visits Russia see also Trentistas Nocedal, Cándido n. Pelloutier, Fernand , Pérez Galdós, Benito , O’Donnell, General Leopoldo Pestalozzi schools , , Pestaña, Ángel, O’Donnell, Peadar n. expelled from C.N.T. , Ogpu n. Olavide, Pablo de , n., with Seguí in Barcelona Olivares, Conde de , , and (–) , , n., and n. , n., Orobón Fernández, Valeriano visits Russia n.E views Ortega y Gasset, José n., , see also Trentistas phylloxera , Ossorio y Gallardo, Ángel n. Pi y Margall, Francisco , , Oviedo, rising of Oct. – and anarchism Pacto de Solidaridad y Resistencia and arbitration boards Palencia life and opinions –
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piece-work, objections to , Republic , n., and n., Primo de Rivera, General Miguel pistoleros, n. employed by authorities becomes Dictator , n.C by C.N.T. , n., , character – n.A fall – by Falangists Primo de Rivera, José Antonio police, , , , Brigada Social , n., prisoners, political, and n.I in in Civil War , and n. after Asturian rising , , see also Civil Guards; Guardia de Asalto pleasant life of n. Polo de Ondogardo pronunciamientos, frequency of , Pompeya music hall Popular Front, ‘propaganda by deed’ and Communists protectionism see tariffs election pact – Protestantism n. Frente Unico , churches origin in Alianza Obrera Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, Port de la Selva and Bakunin , – Portela Valladares, Manuel , and Federalism –, –, , , and n., Portugalete, museum burned at and Syndicalism n. P.S.U.C. (Partit Socialista Unificat pósitos n., de Catalunya) , Possé, Juan Antonio n., , P.O.U.M. (Partido Obrero de pucherazo n. Unificación Marxista) Puig y Cadafalch, José n. n.C Pyrenees, agrarian conditions in Civil War , , , Pragmatic of , Prat de la Riba, Enrique Queipo de Llano, General , Pravda , n. Prieto, Indalecio quiñones (allotments) in Quirós, Constancio Bernaldo de and Azaña character in Civil War n. Rabassaires , and Communists – in rising and Dictatorship in Civil War opposes rising join Alianza Obrera , opposes Caballero’s policy and n.
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Rabassaires (cont.) Right Wing join F.E.T.T. see also Radical party Radical party, Republican Union and strike – Republicanism, first preachers of in elections n. and Basque Nationalists requetés , , n.B, Casas del Pueblo Rio Tinto , , n.B in Constituent Cortes , Rioja , , Ríos, Fernando de los , , hostility to Socialists labour legislation of , Ripoll, Cayetano n. relations with Ceda , , roads, under Dictatorship and n. rise in Barcelona , – Rocca, A. J. de n.M ruined Romanones, Conde de n., , split in , n., , straperlo scandal and n. Romero Robledo, Francisco , see also Lerroux n. Radical Socialist party , Rousseau, J. J., Bakunin’s view of rainfall , Reclus, Élisée and Élie Royo Villanova, Antonio n. Regional Federation of A.I.T. Rull, Juan , see International Russian Revolution, Religion see Church effect on C.N.T. , Renovación Española (Monarchist effect on U.G.T. party) and n., – in Civil War Sabater, Pablo Renovation Movement (of ) Saborit, Andrés , –, , sabotage, by C.N.T. , rents, Saez, Victor at Carmona Sagasta, Práxedes , , , at Granada and n., , , Republican Action , n., see also Azaña Sagra, Ramón de la n. Republican parties , n., Sagrada Familia, church of the n. Left Wing Saint Augustine in elections Saint Imier, Congress at , in elections and n.A , n. in Constituent Cortes , Sales, Ramón n.C Salvador, Santiago reorganized in Salvoechea, Fermín n., see also Esquerra n.A
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Sama Seville, Samper, Ricardo , agrarian conditions –, San Lúcar de Barrameda, rising n., , n.H at n.C Cantonalist rising Sánchez Guerra, José , n.I C.N.T. founded Sánchez Toca, Joaquín n., Congress of F.N.A.E. in Sanjurjo, General, Congress of Regional amnestied , Federation of A.I.T. in refuses to support King and n. elections of n.B rises political situation during Santander, railway scandal Republic , n., n. Saragossa, share-cropping see aparcería Congresses of C.N.T. at, sheep farming see Mesta () , Silvela, Francisco anarchists of , Silvestre, General () S.I.M. (Servicio de Investigación () Militar) n. rising in sindicatos, strike For Civil War see committees Saragossa, Cardinal Archbishop de pueblo of, murdered and medieval communes n. Sárraga, Belén N school-teachers’ salaries , sindicatos de oposición , , n.C in Asturias Seguí, Salvador see also Trentistas Canadiense strike –, sindicatos libres and n.C, , and fusion with U.G.T. , n., sindicatos únicos , , murdered and n., , n.E views small holdings , and n.F, Segura, Mgr, Cardinal , and n. Archbishop of Toledo earnings on , n. Smith, Adam , Semana Trágica , , Social Reforms, Institute of serfs of the glebe n. see Instituto de Reformas Serrano, General Sociales Serrano Suñer, Ramón Socialism, Servicio de Investigación Militar suited to Spain , – (S.I.M.) n. tendencies to, in seventeenth Setiñon, Dr n.B century –
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Socialist Movement, Socialist party of Catalonia (–) – (Unión Socialista (–) see Autoritarios Catalana) , Socialist party (Partido see also Co-operative Democrático Socialista Movement; P.O.U.M., Obrero), P.S.U.C. elections Society of the Exterminating and Anarchists see Anarchist Angel Movement Socorro Rojo Internacional Asturian rising Solidaridad Catalana , attitude to Agrarian Reform Solidaridad Gallega –, , Solidaridad Obrera, Caballero and Azaña – federation character nn.K and L, newspaper and n.F, – and n. Sorel, Georges collaborates with Dictatorship Soto, Domingo del , Southey, Robert and n. Communist infiltration Stalin –, and Communist International straperlo (or estraperlo) strike, general, theory of the , and Communists – , , and n., For Civil War see Communist party strike funds, condemned by dissensions in Party – C.N.T. , , draws up Labour Charter , strikes, principal, in enchufismo n.A in , fiasco in Madrid Alcoy () in First Republican Cortes Andalusia (–) , first years – Barcelona () Iglesias elected to Cortes see also C.N.T. Suffrage, Universal, Act of moral influence of and n. Syndicalism, quarrel with Left Republicans in France –, introduced to Spain , and Renovation Movement Syndicalist party , n. , syndicates, village see sindicatos de rising decided on pueblo Socialist Youth Organization , tariffs, turns revolutionary – Catalans and , , see also Largo Caballero; Prieto; duties on corn , U.G.T. Galicia and duty on maize
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Tarrida del Mármol, Fernando Trotskyists see under Communist n., and n.I, party tasa , Turón n. taxes, evasion of and n.B, U.G.T. (Unión General de misappropriation of , n.A Trabajadores), Tazones agrarian collectives telephone monopoly n. set up , Tercio see Foreign Legion urged , n. terrorism, agrarian collectivization in Civil War , – arbitration boards Falangist in Dictatorship (comités see also Anarchist Movement paretarios) , Thirteen Points in Republic (jurados mixtos) Tomás, Belarmino , , Torres, Felix collaboration with Tortosa Dictatorship , Townsend, Joseph n.O Asturian rising – trade unions, campesinos’ strike of before Casas del Pueblo n.L, to , n., n. Communist infiltration anarchist unions , and Communist forbidden International permitted and Communists typographers’ union , distribution , , see also Catholic trade see also map on p. unions; C.N.T,; expands International; U.G.T. expansion under Republic Traditionalist party (Comunión founded – and n. Tradicionalista) , general strike and n., , of in Civil War of Aug. , see also Carlists and n.B Trentistas and n.H general strike of Oct. , join Alianza Obrera rejoin C.N.T. industrial unions see also Peiró miners , , n.B Tres Clases de Vapor de Cataluña, railwaymen , , Federación de las , n.A n. typographers , Tribunal of Constitutional Land Workers’ Federation Guarantees , , (F.E.T.T.) , , ,
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U.G.T. (Unión General de Uribe, Vicente Trabajadores) (cont.) U.S.A., war with local branches Andalusia , , , Vacceos n.A Valdepeñas , Asturias , , , Valencia n. agrarian conditions , Bilbao , , C.N.T. and U.G.T. in Extremadura , Congress of the Regional Granada , n. Federation of the A.I.T. Jaén Madrid conversions to anarchism New Castile , wages n.K Rio Tinto , , n.B Valencia, Pedro de Valencia n.B Valladolid yunteros , Vallina, Dr Pedro n.B officials’ salaries , and Vázquez de Mella, Juan n.A Venetian ambassadors, Relations organizes Alianza Obrera of the , n.A, , relations with C.N.T. nn.D and E, see C.N.T. n.O, statistics , Vera, Dr Jaime (–) and n.B, , Veragua, Duke of n.A Verviers, Congress at n. white collar unions , Vicente, Father see also Socialist party Vich, Bishop of U.H.P. Villa Cisneros U.M.E. (Unión Militar Española) Villars, Marquis de , n.E Vitoria, Father n. Unamuno, Miguel de n., Vivés, Luís n., n., , Vizcaya , n., Voluntarios de la Libertad unemployment and n., , , and n.D, wages, Unión General de Trabajadores agricultural and nn.K and L see U.G.T industrial n., , , Unión Manufacturera under Republic , , Unión Militar Española (U.M.E) strikes for minimum wages , , Unión Patriótica (U.P.) water rights Unión Socialista Catalana Weyler, General , and n., see Socialist Party of Catalonia
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Workers’ Alliance see Alianza Yeste Obrera Young, Arthur n., , Workers’ and Peasants’ Block and n. see Bloque Obrero y Young Barbarians see Jóvenes Campesino Bárbaros yunteros, Xauen in Extremadura , n.F, Xauradó y Fábregas, Ramón , , n. in Andalusia
Yaguë, Colonel , , Zacaría, Abu n.
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