DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Introduction NOTES 1 Introduction I. D. Blackbourn and G. Eley, The Peculiarities of German History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 169-74. 2. G. Tortella, 'Agriculture: A Slow Moving Sector, 1830-1935', inN. Sanchez­ Albornoz (ed.), The Economic Modernization of Spain, 1830-1930 (New York: New York University Press, 1987), p. 45. 3. J. Nadal, 'The Failure of the Industrial Revolution in Spain, 1830-1914', in C. M. Cipolla (ed.), The Fontana Economic History of Europe, Vol. VI, Part Two: The Emergence of Industrial Nations (Hassocks: the Harvester Press, 1976), pp. 556, 567. 4. A. Shubert, A Social History of Modern Spain (London: Unwin Hyman, 1990), p. 60. 5. M. Tufi6n de Lara, Estudios de historia contemportinea (Barcelona: Nova Terra, 1977), p. 98. 6. The disentailment of the land began in 1836 under the minister and financier Juan Alvarez Mendizabal. His main target was the expropriation of the property owned by the secular as well as the regular clergy. It was sold at public auction with payment in either cash or government debt. Common and municipal lands were for the time being only leased out. It was not until the passing of the so-called Law of General Disentailment by Pascual Madoz in 1855 that all the land not privately owned was sold at pub­ lic auction. 7. The two main political factions were the so-called Moderados and the Progresistas. The Moderados were the party of the upper classes, who believed in a political sovereignty shared by the Crown and parliament and quickly re-established good relations with the Catholic Church. The Progresistas appealed more to the middle classes. They were more anti-clerical and sup­ ported parliamentary sovereignty, elected municipal governments and the establishment of citizens' militias under local control. Yet both models were essentially centralist and restricted the franchise to those with large prop­ erty. The Progresistas granted the vote in 1837 to 2.2 per cent of the popula­ tion which was later restricted by the Moderados in 1845 to just 0.8 per cent of the country. In 1856 the Progresistas extended the franchise to over 4 per cent of the population. 8. Nadal, op.cit., p. 541. 186 Notes 187 9. C. Trebilcock, The lndustrialiuztion of the Continental Powers, 1780-1914 (London: Longman, I98I ), p. 307. IO. Nadal, op.cit., pp. 549-53. II. The Cuban revolt lasted 10 years between I868 and I878. General Prim, the strong man of the new regime, was killed in the streets of Madrid. It remains a mystery who was behind this assassination. I2. R. Herr, An Historical Essay on Modern Spain (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, I97 4 ), p. II 0. I3. M. Tufi6n de Lara, Poder y sociedad en Espana, 1900-1931 (Madrid: Colecci6n Austral, 1992), pp. I 08-19, 202-Il. 14. J. Varela Ortega, Los amigos politicos: Partidos, elecciones y caciquismo en la Restauraci6n, 1875-1900 (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1977), pp. 359-66. 15. J. Romero Maura, 'EI caciquismo: tentativa de conceptualizaci6n', pp. 19-22 and J. Varela Ortega, 'Los amigos polfticos: funcionamiento del sistema caciquista', p. 55, both in Revista de Occidente, no. 127 (October 1973). 16. J. Nadal, 'A Century of Industrialization in Spain, I833-I930', in Sanchez- Aibornoz (ed.), The Economic Moderniuztion of Spain, p. 64. 17. Nadal, The Failure, pp. 558-9. 18. Tortella, op.cit., p. 52. I9. R. Carr, Modern Spain, 1875-1980 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), p. 20. 20. J. C. Ullman, The Tragic Week: A Study in Anticlericalism in Spain, 1875-1912 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), p. 35. 21. F. Lannon, Privilege, Persecution and Prophecy: The Catholic Church in Spain, 1875-1975 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), pp. 121-2. 22. M. Ballbe, Orden publico y militarismo en la Espana constitucional, 1812-1983 (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1985), pp. 247-8; J. Lleixa, Cien anos de mili­ tarismo (Barcelona: Anagrama, I986), p. 60. 23. R. Nunez Florencio, El terrorismo anarquista, 1888-1909 (Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1983), pp. 45-60; F. Olaya Morales, Historia del movimiento obrero espana{ (Madrid: Siglo XXI, I994), pp. 63I-65, 8I3-34. 24. C. Serrano, Final del Imperio: Espana, 1895-1898 (Madrid: Siglo XXI, I984), pp. 14-17. 25. j. Smith, The Spanish-American War: Conflict in the Caribbean and the Pacific, 1895-1902 (London: Longman, I994), pp. 2-3. 26. Serrano, op.cit., p. 12. 27. M. Golay, The Spanish-American War (New York: Facts on File, 1995), pp. 6-9; Smith, op.cit., pp. 28-30. 28. Canovas was the first to make that speech in the Cortes in July 1891. Sagasta expressed himself in similar terms in March 1895. 29. Golay, op.cit., p. 4. 30. Smith, op.cit., pp. I3-I4. 31. Smith, op.cit., pp. 30-47; Serrano, op.cit., pp. 32-3. 32. R. Perez Delgado, 1898. El ana del desastre (Madrid: Tebas, I976), pp. 292-4. 33. E. Moradiellos, 'I898: A Colonial Disaster Foretold', Association for Contemporary Iberian Studies (A CIS), 6, no. 2 (Autumn 1993), p. 36; J. Varela Ortega, 'Aftermath of Splendid Disaster: Spanish Politics before and after 188 Notes the Spanish American War of 1898',journal of Contemporary History, vol. 15 ( 1980), pp. 319-22; Serrano, op.cit., pp. 38-40. 34. Serrano, op.cit., p. 41; Varela Ortega, 'Aftermath', pp. 323-5. 35. Admiral Cervera, in charge of the Spanish fleet in the Atlantic, summed up the situation when he declared that the navy had been sacrificed 'because unlike the army, it was unable to stage a coup'. 36. Perez, op.cit., pp. 363-4. 37. The United States offered a cash gift of20 million dollars for the cession of the Philippines. 2 The Liberal Monarchy: The Politics of Notables, 1898-1923 I. Perez, 1898, pp. 394-5. 2. Tufi6n, Espana: la quiebra de 1898 (Madrid: Sarpe, 1986), p. 13. 3. Varela, 'Aftermath', pp. 332-9; J. Harrison, The Regenerationist Movement in Spain after the Disaster of 1898', European Studies Review, vol. 9 (1979), pp. 8-23. 4. A. Yanini, 'La manipulaci6n electoral en Espana: sufragio universaly par­ ticipaci6n ciudadana (1891-1923)', in J. Tusell (ed.), El sufragio universal (Madrid: Ayer no. 3, 1991), p. 102. 5. Lerroux has historically been vilified by Socialist, Syndicalist and Catalanist authors. Modern historiography has, to a certain extent, rescued Lerroux's tarnished reputation by trying to find a balance between his oppor­ tunism and close collaboration with Liberal governments in Madrid with his ability to create a modern political party by mobilizing elements of the proletariat and petty bourgeoisie, formerly unrepresented within the Spanish political system. See J. Romero-Maura, 'La rosa de fuego'. El obrerismo barcelones de 1899 a 1909 (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1989); J. Alvarez Junco, El Emperador del Paralelo: Lerroux y Ia demagogia populista (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1990); J. R. Mosher, The Birth of Mass Politics in Spain: Lerrouxismo in Barcelona, 1901-1909 (New York: Garland, 1991). 6. Some 121 000 workers, 80 000 of them in Andaluda, affiliated to the Spanish Regional Federation (1870-81 ), the Spanish section of the First International. At the Congress held at Seville in 1882, a new Regional Federation of Spanish Workers was created. It had a total of 57 934 mem­ bers, almost 40 000 in Andaluda, most of the rest were from Catalufia. The Socialists could not have had more than 3000 members at the time. Internal divisions and state repression brought about the disappearance of the Anarchist organization in 1888. 7. D. Geary, European Labour Protest, 1848-1939 (London: Methuen, 1984), pp. 112-13. 8. P. Heywood, Marxism and the Failure of Organized Socialism in Spain, 1879-1936 (Cambridge: University Press, 1990), pp. 2-3; F. Perez Ledesma, El pensamiento socialista espana! a comienzos de siglo (Madrid: Centro, 1974), pp. 27-34. 9. B. Martin, The Agony of Modernization: Labour and Industrialization in Spain (Ithaca: ILR Press, 1990), p. 98. Notes 189 I 0. See J. J. Morato, Pablo Iglesias: Educador de muchedumbres (Madrid; UGT, 1926), pp. 121-2. Pablo Iglesias and two other Socialists were elected as local councillors for Madrid in the local elections of 1905 by using forged ballot papers. II. J.P. Fusi, Politica obrera en el Pais Vasco, 1880-1923 (Madrid: Turner, 1975), pp. 81-94; A. Shubert, The Road to Revolution in Asturias: The Coal Miners of Asturias, 1860-1934 (Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1987), p. 108. 12. J. Alvarez Junco, La ideologia politica del anarquismo espanol (1868-1910) (Madrid: Siglo XXI, 1976), pp. 593-8. 13. Nunez, Terrorismo, p. 189. 14. E. Gonzalez Calleja, 'La raz6n de Ia fuerza. Una perspectiva de Ia violencia polftica en Ia Espana de Ia Restauraci6n', in J. Ar6stegui (ed.), Violencia y politica en Espana (Madrid: Ayer no.13, 1994), p. 97. 15. A. Bar, La CNT en los anos rojos, 1910-1926 (Madrid: Aka!, 1981 ), pp. 54-9. 16. During his reign, political crises were known as 'orientales' as they were pro­ duced and resolved at the Palace of Oriente, Alfonso's residence. See Varela, Los amigos, pp. 450-1. 17. C. Seco Serrano, Militarismo y civilismo en La Espana contempordnea (Madrid: Instituto de £studios Economicos, 1984), p. 233. In 1900 there were 499 generals, 578 colonels and over 23 000 officers for some 80 000 troops (six times more officers than in France which had an standing army of 180 000 soldiers). This represented a cancer for the state which devoted over 40 per cent of its expenditure to defence. However, 70 per cent of the mili­ tary budget went on officers' salaries, hence neglecting the modernization of the armed services. 18. Ballbe, Orden, pp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Neither God Nor Monster': Antonio Maura and the Failure of Conservative Reformism in Restoration Spain (1893–1923)
    María Jesús González ‘Neither God Nor Monster’: Antonio Maura and the Failure of Conservative Reformism in Restoration Spain (1893–1923) ‘Would you please tell me which way I ought to go from here?’, said Alice. ‘That depends on where you want to get to’, said the cat. (Alice in Wonderland, London, The Nonesuch Press, 1939, p. 64) During the summer of 1903, a Spanish republican deputy and journalist, Luis Morote, visited the summer watering-holes of a number of eminent Spanish politicians. Of the resulting inter- views — published as El pulso de España1 — two have assumed a symbolic value of special significance. When Morote interviewed the Conservative politician Eduardo Dato, Dato was on the terrace of a luxury hotel in San Sebastián, talking with his friends, the cream of the aristocracy. It was in that idyllic place that Dato declared his great interest in social reforms as the best way to avoid any threat to the stability of the political system. He was convinced that nobody would find the necessary support for political revolution in Spain. The real danger lay in social revolution.2 Morote wrote that Antonio Maura, who was at his Santander residence, went into a sort of ‘mystic monologue’, talking enthu- siastically about democracy, the treasure of national energy that was hidden in the people, the absence of middle classes and the mission of politicians: that the people should participate, and that every field in politics should be worked at and dignified.3 Two Conservative politicians, two different approaches, two different paths towards an uncertain destination: one of them patching up holes in the system and the liberal parliamentary monarchic regime in its most pressing social requirements, the European History Quarterly Copyright © 2002 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuadro De Fechas,Personajes Y Coneptos De Hª España
    HISTORIA DE ESPAÑA 2º BTO. prof. Javier Valiente 1 ESQUEMA DE LOS CONCEPTOS POR TEMAS. CURSO 2012-13 TEMAS FECHAS PERSONAJES CONCEPTOS 1700 FELIPE V • ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN 1.- LA ESPAÑA DEL 1707-1716 CARLOS III • ILUSTRACIÓN SIGLO XVIII 1713 JOVELLANOS • DECRETOS DE NUEVA PLANTA 1759 GODOY • MAYORAZGO 1788 2.- LA CRISIS DEL 1808 GODOY • MOTÍN DE ARANJUEZ ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN 1812 JOVELLANOS • CORTES DE CÁDIZ FERNANDO VII • MONARQUÍA CONSTITUCIONAL JOSÉ I MUÑOZ TORRERO 3.- EL REINADO DE 1820 FERNANDO VII • MANIFIESTO DE LOS PERSAS FERNANDO VII 1823 RIEGO • TRIENIO LIBERAL (O CONSTITUCIONAL) cuadro de fechas,personajes1833 y coneptos• CARLISMO de Hª España 4.- LA 1833 ISABEL II • CARLISMO CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL 1868 NARVÁEZ • CONVENIO DE VERGARA ESTADO LIBERAL MENDIZÁBAL • SUFRAGIO CENSITARIO S PASCUAL MADOZ • SUFRAGIO UNIVERSAL BRAVO MURILLO • ESTATUTO REAL JOSÉ Mª CALATRAVA DONOSO • CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1837 CORTÉS • CONSTITUCIÓN DE 1845 ESPARTERO • MANIFIESTO DE MANZANARES O’DONNELL 5.- EL SEXENIO 1868 PRIM AMADEO I • CONSTITIUCIÓN DE 1869 REVOLUCIONARIO 1873 PI Y MARGALL • CANTONALISMO 6.TRANSFORMACIONES ISABEL II • DESAMORTIZACIONES ECONÓMICAS Y NARVÁEZ SOCIALES DEL S. XIX MENDIZÁBAL HISTORIA DE ESPAÑA 2º BTO. prof. Javier Valiente 2 7.- LA 1898 ALFONSO XII • CACIQUISMO RESTAURACIÓN 1923 CÁNOVAS DEL CASTILLO • PUCHERAZO SAGASTA • INSTITUCIÓN LIBRE DE ENSEÑANZA Antonio MAURA • GUERRA DE CUBA José CANALEJAS • TRATADO DE PARÍS Pablo IGLESIAS • PNV ELVIRO BERDEGUER • SEMANA TRÁGICA • HUELGA GENERAL DE 1917 • DESASTRE DE ANNUAL • AFRICANISTAS 8.- LA DICTADURA 1923 Miguel PRIMO DE RIVERA • DIRECTORIO CIVIL DE PRIMO DE RIVERA 14 DE ABRIL DE José CALVO SOTELO • DIRECTORIO MILITAR 1931 • DESEMBARCO DE ALHUCEMAS • CAMPSA • CRISIS DE 1929 • PACTO DE SAN SEBASTIÁN cuadro9.- LA SEGUNDA de fechas,personajes14 DE ABRIL DE Niceto ALCALÁ ZAMORA y coneptos• PACTO DE SAN SEBASTIÁN.de Hª España REPÚBLICA 1931 Manuel AZAÑA • SUCESOS DE CASAS VIEJAS.
    [Show full text]
  • Puerta Del Sol, Madrid, 14 April 1931
    ANATOMÍA DE UN INSTANTE Y DE UN LUGAR: 1 PUERTA DEL SOL, MADRID, 14 DE ABRIL DE 1931 ANATOMY OF A MOMENT AND A PLACE: PUERTA DEL SOL, MADRID, 14 APRIL 1931 JUAN FRANCISCO FUENTES ARAGONÉS Universidad Complutense de Madrid [email protected] JOSÉ LUIS GONZÁLEZ FERNÁNDEZ Universidad Complutense de Madrid [email protected] Resumen: El artículo reconstruye la proclamación de la Segunda República y la celebración que tuvo lugar en la Puerta del Sol de Madrid en la tarde del 14 de abril de 1931. Para ello se lleva a cabo un minucioso análisis comparado de los principales relatos disponibles en la prensa de la época y en las memorias de testigos y protagonistas, así como de las fotografías realizadas a lo largo de aquellas horas. Estas fuentes, tratadas como fragmentos de un gran relato visual y escrito, proporcionan una nueva base para el estudio de aquella jornada histórica como un incipiente lugar de memoria de la Segunda República y permiten conocer las alianzas sociales y las condiciones políticas que dieron lugar a la proclamación del nuevo régimen. Palabras claves: lugares de memoria, república, fiesta cívica, género, simbología, ejército español Abstract: The article reconstructs the proclamation of the Spanish Second Republic and the celebration that took place at the Puerta del Sol of Madrid on the 14th of April 1931. There is thorough comparative analysis of the main narratives in the press of the time and in the memoires of witnesses and protagonists, as well as of the photos taken throughout those hours. These sources, treated as fragments of a great visual and written narrative, provide us with a new basis for the study of that historical day as an incipient lieu de mémoire of the Spanish Second Republic.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Centro Vasco New York
    12 THE BASQUES OF NEW YORK: A Cosmopolitan Experience Gloria Totoricagüena With the collaboration of Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria Aguirre TOTORICAGÜENA, Gloria The Basques of New York : a cosmopolitan experience / Gloria Totoricagüena ; with the collaboration of Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria Aguirre. – 1ª ed. – Vitoria-Gasteiz : Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia = Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 2003 p. ; cm. – (Urazandi ; 12) ISBN 84-457-2012-0 1. Vascos-Nueva York. I. Sarriugarte Doyaga, Emilia. II. Renteria Aguirre, Anna M. III. Euskadi. Presidencia. IV. Título. V. Serie 9(1.460.15:747 Nueva York) Edición: 1.a junio 2003 Tirada: 750 ejemplares © Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco Presidencia del Gobierno Director de la colección: Josu Legarreta Bilbao Internet: www.euskadi.net Edita: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia - Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz Diseño: Canaldirecto Fotocomposición: Elkar, S.COOP. Larrondo Beheko Etorbidea, Edif. 4 – 48180 LOIU (Bizkaia) Impresión: Elkar, S.COOP. ISBN: 84-457-2012-0 84-457-1914-9 D.L.: BI-1626/03 Nota: El Departamento editor de esta publicación no se responsabiliza de las opiniones vertidas a lo largo de las páginas de esta colección Index Aurkezpena / Presentation............................................................................... 10 Hitzaurrea / Preface.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism and Democracy. Manuel Irujo Ollo: the Leadership of a Heterodox Basque Nationalist
    Nationalism and Democracy. Manuel Irujo Ollo: The Leadership of a Heterodox Basque Nationalist LUDGER MEES UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country l Abstract Manuel Irujo Ollo was one of the most prominent leaders of moderate Basque nationalism. Irujo, who was born in 1891 and died in 1981 at the age of 89, had a Basque, Spanish, and European dimension to his political career, which was perhaps the most enduring and intensive of any leader to emerge during the entire history of this socio-political movement. Yet Irujo’s political life remains largely quite unknown: no comprehensive academic biography has been written on his political work. Obviously, this article does not pretend to fill this void. Instead, it aims to cast a light on the nationalist leader’s political life from the twofold perspective of his individual political activity and the lessons that can be learned for a broader understanding of Basque nationalism in particular and of the relationship between nationalism and democracy in general. Resumen Manuel Irujo Ollo fue uno de los más significativos líderes del nacionalismo vasco moderado. En la historia de este movimiento socio-político probablemente no existe otro líder con una trayectoria política tan duradera e intensa con una dimensión vasca, española y europea como la de Irujo, quien nació en 1891 y murió en 1981 a la edad de 89. Pese a ello, hoy día la vida política de Irujo sigue siendo en buena parte desconocida, puesto que hasta la fecha no existe una biografía completa escrita con rigor científico. Obviamente, este artículo no pretende subsanar este déficit, pero sí aspira a arrojar luz sobre la biografía política del líder nacionalista desde una doble perspectiva: no sólo se analizará su actividad política individual, sino que también se preguntará sobre las conclusiones que se pueden extraer de este análisis para la historia del nacionalismo vasco y, más en general, sobre la relación entre naciona- lismo y democracia.
    [Show full text]
  • Workers Power and the Spanish Revolution
    Workers Power and the Spanish Revolution In Spain’s national elections in February Each sindicato unico had “sections” that of 1936, a repressive right-wing government had their own assemblies and elected shop was swept out of office and replaced by a stewards (delegados). In manufacturing coalition of liberals and socialists. Taking industries like textile or metalworking, advantage of a less repressive environment, there was a “section” for each firm or plant. Spain’s workers propelled the largest strike In the construction industry, the “sections” wave in Spanish history, with dozens of corresponded to the various crafts. All of the citywide general strikes and hundreds of autonomous industrial unions in a city or partial strikes. By the end of June a million county (comarca) were grouped together into workers were out on strike. a local labor council (federación local). Barely a month after the election, the Land The unions were part of a larger context of Workers Federation led 80,000 landless laborers movement institutions. The libertarian Left in Spain into a seizure of three thousand farms in the also organized alternative schools and an extensive “Spanish Siberia” — the poverty-stricken region of network of ateneos — storefront community Estremadura1. With the country at a high pitch of centers. The ateneos were centers for debates, debate over its future, political polarization was cultural events, literacy classes (between 30 and 50 punctuated by tit-for-tat killings of Right and Left percent of the population was illiterate in the ‘30s), activists. With right-wing politicians openly calling and so on. A characteristic idea of Spanish for an army takeover, the widely anticipated army anarchism was the empowerment of ordinary coup began in Spain on July 19th.
    [Show full text]
  • Una Biografía De Eduardo Dato
    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA TESIS DOCTORAL 2020 EL PRESIDENTE "IDÓNEO". UNA BIOGRAFÍA DE EDUARDO DATO Roberto Costa Martínez (Magíster en Métodos y Técnicas Avanzadas de Investigación Histórica, Artística y Geográfica) PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO EN HISTORIA E HISTORIA DEL ARTE Y TERRITORIO DIRECTORA: SUSANA SUEIRO SEOANE CATEDRÁTICA DE HISTORIA CONTEMPORÁNEA (UNED) Una biografía de Eduardo Dato Escuela Internacional de Doctorado UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA Programa de Doctorado en Historia e Historia del Arte y Territorio EL PRESIDENTE "IDÓNEO". UNA BIOGRAFÍA DE EDUARDO DATO. Roberto Costa Martínez (Magíster en Métodos y Técnicas Avanzadas de Investigación Histórica, Artística y Geográfica) Directora de tesis: Susana Sueiro Seoane 2 El presidente "idóneo" DEDICATORIA: No hacer memoria de aquellos que, de una forma o de otra, me han regalado parte de su vida, de su voluntad, de su tiempo, de su presencia, no solamente sería ingrato; sería enormemente injusto, pues este trabajo, en gran parte, es de su autoría y propiedad. A mi madre ya ausente, que me ha hecho entender con amplitud el valor de la perseverancia y de la importancia de luchar por las metas. A Toñi. Quiero agradecerle que me hubiera acompañado en este viaje. Sin su apoyo persistente y sin sus sacrificios, habría sido imposible culminar este proyecto. A Tinita. Las palabras siempre encierran un gran poder; las suyas, recibidas en mi infancia y juventud, las he tenido presentes hasta aquí y sé que todavía me acompañarán. A Susana, mi directora de tesis. Gracias por confiar desde el principio en esta propuesta. Con sus oportunas sugerencias a lo largo de estos años, siempre me inspiró a dar un paso más y a persistir en la investigación.
    [Show full text]
  • Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
    This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Ministros De Trabajo Entre 1920 Y 1936. Un Ensayo De Prosopografía Laboral
    José© Dereito María Vol. Miranda 19, n.º 1:Boto 235-267 (2010) • ISSN 1132-9947Los Ministros de Trabajo 235 LOS MINISTROS DE TRABAJO ENTRE 1920 Y 1936. UN ENSAYO DE PROSOPOGRAFÍA LABORAL José María Miranda Boto* Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Resumen La prosopografía es un enfoque histórico basado en la detección y análisis de elementos comunes en grupos de sujetos, principalmente en elites. Los Ministros de Trabajo entre 1920 y 1936 son un colectivo que se presta a este examen por abarcar tres periodos políticos de gran relevancia en la Historia de España y en la de la propia legislación laboral. Las conclusiones del estudio ponen de manifiesto la ocupación del Ministerio por políticos avezados, insertos en el cursus honorum de su época, pero de escaso peso principal. Eduardo Aunós y Francisco Largo Caballero son las dos personalidades más destacadas que desafían esta conclusión, por el fuerte impacto que tuvieron sobre la legislación social de su tiempo. Palabras clave: Prosopografía, Historia de la legislación laboral, Ministros de Trabajo Abstract Prosopography is an historical approach based on the detection and analysis of common elements in groups of people, principally in elites. The Spanish Ministers of Labour bet- ween 1920 and 1936 are a group very well suited for this exam, as they range in three political periods of great importance in Spanish History and in the very Labour Law History. The findings of the paper show the trait of men with a remarkable background, with a common cursus honorum, but lacking central political weight. Eduardo Aunós and Francisco Largo Caballero are the two more remarkable characters, defying this conclusion, due to the heavy impact that they had on the social legislation of their time.
    [Show full text]
  • Centrist Politics in the Spanish Province of Valencia January 1930 to August 1936
    THE RISE AND FALL OF THE PARTIDO DE UNIÓN REPUBLICANA AUTONOMISTA: CENTRIST POLITICS IN THE SPANISH PROVINCE OF VALENCIA JANUARY 1930 TO AUGUST 1936 Submitted by Stephen Rodger Lynam to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History, July 2018. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature……………………………………………………………………. 1 2 ABSTRACT This thesis is an interrogation of the impact of the Partido de Unión Republicana Autonomista (The Autonomist Republican Union Party or PURA) on the politics of the Spanish province of Valencia, and in turn on national politics, during the politically turbulent years of 1930-1936, the period which immediately preceded the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It was the most important Valencian political force and acted as de facto provincial affiliate of the Radical Party, a conservative republican party which was to play a crucial role in national politics. This study uses a wide range of documentary sources, including contemporary newspapers, official papers, and parliamentary records, supplemented by a number of interviews with participants in the events and in-depth case study reviews of two important settlements in the province together with detailed studies of electoral and land ownership data in a further three settlements.
    [Show full text]
  • La Creación Del Estado Liberal. 1833-1902 FHA 2020
    La creación del estado liberal. 1833-1902 Fernando Huerta SIE MONTPELLIER FHA 2020 1 En 1833 muere Fernando VII y es proclamada reina Estatuto Real de 1834 Isabel II, la reina niña. La regencia recae en María Cristina, madre de Isabel. TÍTULO III. DEL ESTAMENTO DE PROCURADORES DEL Don Carlos no acepta el REINO. Artículo 13. El Estamento de Procuradores del nombramiento real y se Reino se compondrá de las personas que se nombren con inicia la 1ª guerra arreglo a la ley de elecciones. Artículo 14. Para ser carlista. Procurador del Reino se requiere: 1º Ser natural de estos Los carlistas son Reinos o hijo de padres españoles. 2º Tener treinta años partidarios del cumplidos. 3º Estar en posesión de una renta propia anual absolutismo. Los de doce mil reales. 4º Haber nacido en la provincia que le isabelinos del liberalismo. nombre, o haber residido en ella durante los dos últimos Los liberales moderados años, o poseer en ella algún predio rústico o urbano, o promulgan el Estatuto capital de censo que reditúen la mitad de la renta Real. necesaria para ser Procurador del Reino. En el caso de que Los liberales progresistas un mismo individuo haya sido elegido Procurador a Cortes la Constitución de 1837. por más de una provincia, tendrá el derecho de optar entre las que le hubieren nombrado. Estatuto Real de 834 Constitución de 1837 DEL CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS Artículo 21. Cada provincia nombrará un Diputado, a lo menos por cada cincuenta mil almas de Isabel II (1830-1904) su población. Artículo 22. Los Diputados se elegirán por el método directo, y podrán ser reelegidos indefinidamente.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Sources of Information on Foreign Investment in Spain 1780-1914 Teresa Tortella
    A Guide to Sources of Information on Foreign Investment in Spain 1780-1914 Teresa Tortella A Guide to Sources of Information on Foreign Investment in Spain 1780-1914 Published for the Section of Business and Labour Archives of the International Council on Archives by the International Institute of Social History Amsterdam 2000 ISBN 90.6861.206.9 © Copyright 2000, Teresa Tortella and Stichting Beheer IISG All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar worden gemaakt door middel van druk, fotocopie, microfilm of op welke andere wijze ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Stichting Beheer IISG Cruquiusweg 31 1019 AT Amsterdam Table of Contents Introduction – iii Acknowledgements – xxv Use of the Guide – xxvii List of Abbreviations – xxix Guide – 1 General Bibliography – 249 Index Conventions – 254 Name Index – 255 Place Index – 292 Subject Index – 301 Index of Archives – 306 Introduction The purpose of this Guide is to provide a better knowledge of archival collections containing records of foreign investment in Spain during the 19th century. Foreign in- vestment is an important area for the study of Spanish economic history and has always attracted a large number of historians from Spain and elsewhere. Many books have already been published, on legal, fiscal and political aspects of foreign investment. The subject has always been a topic for discussion, often passionate, mainly because of its political im- plications.
    [Show full text]