Islamic manuscriptsin the British Royal Collection A concisecatalogue fu MahammadIsa Valel

IxtnooucrroN exceptingthose to or from the Mahdi and the Khalifa of Sudan which bear Royal Library numbers.In the The manuscriptsdescribed in this catalogueform part Royal Archives at Windsor Castle are letters in Per- of the British Royal Collection. Most are preservedin sian. Arabic, Urdu. Ottoman Turkish, Malay. etc. the Royal Library at Windsor Castle,overlooking the which are not included since they do not fall within 'Old' River Thames in Berkshire.The Royal Library the scopeof the presentwork. was given to the British Museum by King George II, Notable strengthsof the collection here described and the Buckingham House Library of King George include miniature paintings and calligraphy of the III was givento the Museum by King GeorgeIV. Both Moghul period in India and the Safavid period in now form part of the British Library. The present Persia. Severalmanuscripts are authors' holographs. Royal Library was establishedat the Castle by King Subjectfields that are especiallywell representedinclude William IV. In addition to books and manuscripts,it religion, poetry, and history; also very valuabie and containsmany works of art, antiques,and mementoes. interestingare the two treatises- one of them copiously Researchershaving good reasonto study a particular illustrated horses. item may apply for permission to visit the Royal It has not been possible here to provide full and Library. There is also a valuable library at Sandring- exhaustivedescriptions. Omissions include severaldetails ham House,the Queen'scountry home in Norfolk. In found in most manuscript catalogues.For example, this catalogue.an annotation to the inventory number incipits(opening passages of texts)are quoted only for indicatesa volume from Sandringham. very rare works; no excipiÍsor colophons are quoted. The Islamic manuscriptsand albums in the Royal Physical details, too, are limited, excluding e.g. the Collectionwere all acquiredby gift. Where it has been presentcondition of most items and the dimensionsof traced,the provenanceof eachitem is indicatedin the the written area of folios. Concision was necessitated catalogue.Many were acquired in one of three ways: by two main factors.Other duties and projectsgreatly as a gift from one crowned head to another (e.g.from limited the time availableto the compiler for studying 'Ali 'Abd Fath Shah of Iran or Amir al-Rahmán of the material at Windsor Castle.Additionally, from the Aighanistan); as a trophy of war presentedby an inception of this project it was envisagedthat it would officer (e.g. manuscriptsof fip[ Sultan of Mysore or be publishedwithin the compassof a contribution to a the Mahdi of Sudan and his followers); or as a gift scholarly journal, Manusuipts of the Middle East, 'Ali from an author (e.g. Fath Shah again, and two rather than as a monograph. works in Urdu). Yet although the royal Islamic manu- Immediately following this introduction, the reader scriptsare a random, rather than a deliberately-formed, will find two tables. One shows the contents and collection, many are of substantial importance and arrangement of the catalogue; the manuscripts are interest; several may be regarded as exceptional by classifiedprimarily by language.then by subject,and any standards. finally by date. The secondtable provides a concord- The catalogue includes all Islamic volumes from ance of old and new referenceand inventory numbers Windsor and Sandringhamwhich are manuscriptsin for the manuscripts.(A few volumes previously had the sensethat their contentsconsist partly or wholly of no referencenumber.) The need for this arosebecause text and lslamic in the sensethat the text is in one or all primary referencesin this catalogueare to the new more of the following languages: Arabic, Persian, numbers assignedto the manuscripts by staff of the Turkish. and Urdu. One or two albums containing Royal Library as part of the processof assigningan only graphic material have been excluded although inventory number to every item, of whatever kind, someol the contentsare the work of Muslim artists. belonging to the Royal Collection. Each entry in this Also excludedare letters in the lansuasesconcerned. catalogueis therefore headed by a number preceded

Manuscriptsofthe Middle East 6 (1992) (' Ter Lugt Press.Donkersteeg 19.2312 HA Leiden.Netherlands. 1994 ISSN0920-0401 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 (I992)

'Royal by the letters RCIN, which stand for Collec- Turkish tion Inventory Number'. The third table givesan exact Poetry:1005032 Hamse of Nevá'ï,1005033 Dívan of or approximatedate of copying for eachmanuscript. Nevá'T. A note regarding transliteration is called for here. Language:1005072 Milnrehabat-t lugat-i'O;mantye. The Royal Collection includesIslamic manuscriptsin Biography:1005034 Siinbtilname. five languages:Arabic, Persian,Urdu, Ottoman, and Chaghatay. This has precluded the adoption of a LIrdu single systemof transliterationthroughout. For Arabic, 'Ishqnamalr, Persian and Urdu, the Library of Congressromaniza- Poetry: 1005035 1005036Sulh-i kull, tions have been followed. For the two Turkic languages, 1005037Haí't roz. the systemused is that of the British Library, which employs the modern Turkish orthography with the Albums addition of diacritical marks on consonants and 1005038 and calligraphy],1005039-1005067 macrons on vowels. [Portraits and miniatures],1005068 The compiler of this catalogueis much indebted to ICalligraphy [Calligraphy and Indianminiaturesl. those scholars on whose expertise he has drawn, although he himself remains responsiblefor any errors. Publishedsources are cited in the text: here the autho- CoxcoRoeNCE oF NEw (RCIN AND oLD MANUSCRTpT ritative descriptionsof some of the illustrated manu- NUMBERS scriptsby Mr. Basil Robinson must be mentioned.In cataloguing the Urdu texts, the writer has greatly Arabic depended on the expertise of Mr. Qazi Mahmudul Haq of the British Library. l005000Koran:B21 The researchand publication of the text and illustra- 1005001Koran : B 1l : HB 146 tions have been made possibleby graciouspermission 1005002Koran:84 of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Many thanks are 1005003Koran:Bl0 also due to Mr. Oliver Everett, Librarian at Windsor 1005004Koran : S 53 F Castle. and his staff, and especiallyMr. StephenPatter- 1005005Du'a:B14 son. for their unstinting help and advice. 1005006Nasíhar al-ummah: B 13b 1005007Sharh al-Tasrlf : D l0 'Abbás 1005008[Diary of Bey] : B 13a CoNrsxrs By LANGUAGE,SUBJECT, DATE oF coMposrrroN. 1005009[Letter from Mahdi of Sudanto Gordon] : DATE OF TEXT [unnumbered] 'Iqd 1005010 al-ajyad: B 15 Arobic Religion:1005000 Koran, 1005001Koran, 1005002Persian Koran, 1005003Koran. 1005004Koran. l 0050051005011llahï'namah : A 13 Du'a. 1005006Nssïhat al-ummah. 1005013Shahnamah: A5 Grammar:1005007 Sharh al-Tasrrf. 1005014Shàhnamah: A6: HB 151 'Abbás Brography:1005008 [Diary of Bey]. 1005015Bustan: B 8 Letters: 1005009[Letter from Mahdi of Sudan to 1005017Drvan-i HAfz : A 3 GeneralGordon]. 1005018Dívon-i Hafiz : 'Iqd [unnumbered] Naturalhistory: 1005010 al-ajyad. 1005019Tullfat al-ahrar : B 28 1005020Dïvan-i Khaqan : A 4 Per.sian 1005021Kulltyat-i Sa'dt : [unnumbered] j Religion:100501 | Ilahí'namah. 1005022Gu|ístan:A 1005023KftAb-i : Poetry: 1005013Shahnamah, 1005014 Shahnamah, Zarb al-mas.al B 2'l : 1005015Bustan, 1005017 Drvan-i Hafz, 1005018Dívan-i 1005024+ 1005071Akbarnamah S 47 H : Hafr:, 1005019Tulfat al-ahrar,1005020 Dívan-i Khaqan. 1005025Padshahnamah HB 149 : Proseand collectedbelles lettres: 1005021 Kullïyat-i 1005026Taríkh-i lradat Khan [unnumbered] 1005027Nishan-i : Sa'dt. 1005022Gulistan, 1005023 Kirab-i Zarb al- Haydarí A 12 : masal. 1005028Sirai al-tavaríkh S 53 D : History:1005024 and 1005071Akbarnamah, 1005025 1005029Zindaganí-'i ma dar kuhistan B 12 : Pcldshahnàmuh,1005026 Tarrkh-i lradat Khan, 1005027 1005031Faras'namah and Daw,latnamah A l0 Nishan-iHurdari, 1005028Siraj al-tavarrkh. Turkish Biography:1005029 Zindaganr-'i ma dar Kuhistan. Naturalhistory: 1005031 Faras'namah, Dawlatnamah. 1005032Hamse of Nevá'r : A 8 MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION

1005033Dtvan of Nevá'r: A l1 Anestc MANUSCRTpTsIN THE RoyAL coLLECTToN 1005034Síinbtilname: D ll 1005072MiintehabaH lugat-i'Osmaní1,s: S 3l H Religion LIrdu RCIN 1005000 'Ishqnamah: 1005035 [unnumbered] ,zr' .1 -r,t [HolyKoran. JPrJ 1005036$uft-i kull : [unnumbered] 6r-^!r 1005037Haft roz : S 52 F A Mamluk ms., now incompleteand damaged,formeriy 'Abd owned by Allàh (reg. 1885-99).the Khalifa or Albunts successorof the Mahdi of Sudan.The ms. containsthe text from Surah I. al-Fatihall.to the Basmalahof al- 1005038: A 9 Duklrun(XLIII). There are somelacunae, including in 1005039-1005067: B 20 Sfu'ahll the text from razaqnahtunin verse3 to verse99. 1005068: HB r47tr48 Damaged illuminated frontispiece,f. lr, and mar- N.B. In this list, former SandringhamHouse shelf- gins of text opening,lv; illuminatedSurah headings. marksare preceded by the letterS. roundelsas text divisionmarkers. etc.. throughout. Two folios from an l8th or lgth century African Koran are bound in at the end of the volume. The first MaNuscRrprsBy DATE(ExcrulrNc ar-nuns) containsXXXVIII (5tí0. from 48 to ntin al-mundhirtn in 65: the second.XXI (al-Anbi-ta'),from verse39 to 897 1492. 1005032 fHantse-'iNera'r Turkish the penultimateword of verse50. ca.1501-1510 1005033 fDrt'àn-iNeva'l Turkish Egvptian: Mamhlk. l5th century.Large ntultaqqaq 9371531 1005007 Shorh al-Tasrrf Arabic of varying quality,:headings in good thuluth.g lines. [5th century] 1005000 Holy Koran Arabic 234 [15thor l6thc.] 1005019 Tuhlàt al-ahràr Persian + 2 Íblios.525 x 370mm. Europeangreen morocco [ca.l6th c.] 1005021 Kulhtdt-i Sa'dl Persian binding.very faded.raised bands 992 1581 1005022 Gulistdn Persian Capturedat the Battle of Omdurman by Gen. Kitchen- or lTthc.] 1005034 [6th Stinhtilnantr Turkish er, and later presentedto Queen Victoria. [ca. 10091600] 1005017 Dïvan-i HaJt: Persian IOt9t6tu 10050t5 Bustdn Persian l02l t6t3 t005001 Holy Koran Arabic RCrN1005001 t058161U 1005014 Shiltnttmàlt Persian [Holy Koran. J;-'t l06- t656-? t0050t5 Ptidshuhnlnnh Persian é' fl 7thcenturyl 1005021 Akhar'námah Persian One of the personalKorans of T-rp[ Sultan of Mysore !8th centuryl l0050lu Dír'àn-i Hà;fr: Persian (reg. 1182-99).Despite its royal associationsthe ms. 1205t790 1005026 lTàrïkh-i lratlut Khclnl Persian possessesno featuresof great artistic merit. There are [8th or l9thc.] 1005002 Holv Koran Arabic annotations in Persian, and tables at the front with U8th or l9rhc l 1005003 Holy Koran Arabic information in llt6 1802 1005020 Dràn-i Khaqan Persian Persian about each StTrah:whether ll20 1805 1005027 Nishan-iHutdart Persian Meccan or Medinan, number of verses.etc. These lca. l16618501 1005035 f'lshqnàmah] Urdu were added to the ms. for the Sultan. For more lca. 126618501 1005072 Mtinrehubat... Turkish details, see the section of this catalogue on persian llgt 1875 1005028 Siraj ul-tut'àrtkh Persian 'lqd MSS. Il90 t873-4 1005010 al-aiyad... Arabic According to an inscription 'Formerly r299l88l tï 100s006 Nasïhutal-ummuh... Arabic the ms. be- [ | .1u0Idx.l 1005008 [Diary of Abbas Bey] Arabic Ionged to Aurungzebe'; the indistinguishedhand and ll0r 1883 1005009 Sircttul-.javuh... Arabic lack of other evidencemake that improbable. Interli- [ca. 13021884-5 1005029 Zindagdnï-'ima... Persran near illumination throughout: text enclosedin cloud- 1302ltt81-5 100501-l Shahnamah lca, Persian bands. The double-pageillumination and interlinear [.a. 13071890] 1005036 Sulh-i kull Urdu gilding on f. l9v-20r 12921875 100503i Ha./i ro: Urdu are later additions. I3141896-7 l0050ll Ilahr'nàmah Persian Copied by Hàr[n ibn Báyazid al-Bayhaqr. Dared [9th century] 1005004 Holv Koran Arabic 102211613.Naskhí; 15 lines. 352 + 2 folios; 246 x [9th centurv] 1005005 Du'à shttrrf... Arabic l37mm. Binding: provincial Indian, gilt stamped centuryl 1005023 il9th Kitab-i Zarb al-nasal Persian brown morocco coversand doublures. [9th centurv] 1005031 Faras'nántah,Duylatnantah Persian The ms. was taken from T-rpr)Sultan's palace at Seringapatamin 1799.Inscriptions inside the volume 'College tell its later history: of Fort William l5 Aug. 'Library 1805.' East India House,4th February 1807. 'For Chas. Wilkins Libn.' His Majesty's Library from the Library of the late Tippoo Sultaun.' Published:Holmes, op. r.it., p. 15, plate 46 and, MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 (I992)

'bound 'Alï unnumberedplate precedingit; describedas Ten prayer formulae attributed to Zayn al: Abi- for Aurungzib'. dïn, Fourth Imam of the Shr'ites.The first prayer asks for nobility of character (makarim al-akhtaq).Other RCIN 1005002 formulae are intendedfor recitationafter the five daily 'fus Koran. ritual prayers,Friday prayers,or those of the two [Holy 5!i Jprl or holy days. Manuscriptin the form of a miniaturescroll. Most of The ms. was purportedly copied by the celebrated the textis enclosedwithin shapesforming the letters of calligrapher Yáq[t al-Musta'simï in Muharram 6951 Áyat al-Kursrand of roses.The scroll is attachedto a November-December1295. This colophon is inauthen- spindlefitted into a cylindricalcase of sandalwood tic and the ms. a much later imitation. The folios mountedon a plinth,with ivory pull-outhandles. are laid down on gold-sprinkledpaper. ProbablySouthern India, lSth or 19thcentury. Ghu- Incipit (after the title as given above): Allàhumma bar script.Scroll. 3640 x 54 mm. Thin white paper. 'alá salli Muhammad n,a alih x'a-balligh bLtmont akmal RCrN 1005003 aLtman x'a-ij'al yaqrnr aJdal al-yaqín. Probably l9th century.Competent vocalized naskht. Koran. /rr .A -t't [Holy lrlJr JPrJ T lines.27 folios. 183 x 142mm. Interlinearillumina- Manuscript probably from the Chitral area or else- tron throughout, with arabesque designs. Marbled where in the Northwest Frontier Provinces.Lacking endpapers.Bound in brown crocodile-lookmorocco. folio 2; damaged both by fire and by damp; one Presentedto King George V by King Amán Alláh lacuna. made up in a later hand. Thick brown paper, of Afghanistan. charred at the edges.Crudely sewnwith string. Datable only as l8th or 19th century. Rough Islantíc lav' naskhí. 10 to 13 lines. 497 folios. 230 x 168 mm. Coarse and brittle brown paper. Blind-tooled leather RCIN I05006 binding, severlyworn. 'Found by Genl. Sir Bindon Blood on l8th April I'iasthatal-untmuh ./ï .shurut'aqdal-dhimmah. 1895 in Umra Khan's private Musjid'. presentedto LJt r.?r L:i ê LYt +,*-áj QueenVictoria by Sir Bindon Blood through Sir John A treatise on principles McNeill. the of Islam and of JihA(t accordingto the Mahdists. By Muhammad ibn Muham- mad Muqaybil RCIN 1005004(Sandringham) al-Màlikr al-Ash'arï al-Hasanr.Com- posed in Shaww,al1299lAugust-September 1882, the Koran. /r, .a -t't [Holy á Nr Jt4l I text comprisesa muqaddimah, l0.fasl. and a khatimah. A manuscriptcopied and illuminatedin India. The It is likely that this ms. is the author's holograph. See styleof illuminationis unusuallycolourful, and highly plate I for the reproduction of f. 52v of the manu- provincial.Colours used in illuminationare gold, lapis script. blue, green,red, yellow, turquoise,carmine, and Much of the treatiseis devoted to expounding the brown. There are illuminationson folios lr (326v), Mahdist view as to how the Muslim community should 54v-5 5r (274v -27 5r), I 05v-I 06r (221v-222r). | 43v-1 44r behavetowards non-Muslims, especially those invading (182v-183r),l59v-160r (136v-137r), 293v-294r (92v- their territory, and the justification for this outlook 93r), and 325v-326r(2v-3r). (The brackeredfolio refe- according to the Shart'ah.The author is particularly rencesare to the presentfoliation of the ms. which concerned with the legal status of dhimmts, or non- runsbackwards.) Muslim subjects,and with the obligation on Muslims Undated. l9th century,probably third quarter. to defend one another's lives, moral welfare, and all Workmanlikenaskht, fully vocalized;initial hamzahis interestsin solidarity. not written. l5 lines;catchwords. Surah headings in Incipit: al-Hamd li-AllAh alladhí arsala Rasulah bi- red.326 folios. 322 x 205mm. Beigelaid paper;fore- al-huda wq-dm al-haqq ... ammd ba'd fa-yaqut al-'abd edgesgilt. Binding by Zaehnsdorf:green morocco, al-muJiaqir ils rahmat Rabbih al-Ghant Muhammad bin fadedto light brownon spinewhich is lettered Ahmad Muqaybil al-Malikï al-Ash'art at-Shadhitï at- eur'an. 'aqd Endpapersof gold-colouredsilk. Hasanï hadhih Nasíhat al-ummahfi shurut at-dhim- Probablypresented to the Prince of Wales,later mah muwashshahahbi-ayat al-Qur'an al-Karím EdwardVII, on histour of Indiain 1875. Probably copied in 129911882.Good naskhí. lj lines. 52 folios (99 p. plus blanks). 198 x 128 mm. RCIN 1005005 Binding: patternedcloth coveredboards with flap. 'an Taken from the tent of Ahmad 'Urábr páshá. Dtr'a' sharíf makarimal-akhlaq Zayn al-'Abidín 'AIí ./ï Egyptian ibn al-Husa.vn nationalistleader, at the Battle of Tell Kebir. l3 September 1882. Presentedto Queen Victoria by gy;Yr Ji^J, -i ob _,-+Ut _tj ;c .rÉ J ,-e,_| "V> Gen. Wingate. \4UHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION

Grantntar Leíters

RCIN 1005007 RCIN 1005009

Sharhal-Tasrrf -lt -; Surat al-jawab al-warid min Muhammad Ahmad btal- ".o!t ti Ltbu.ryid A commentary on ul-Tasrrf, a treatise on Arabic 'Izz grammar composedin 655i1254by al-Dïn Ibràhim ,4)! -r..-1 r"-= ,,. )t!1 1\tl\;y.a 'Abd ibn al-Wahháb a|-Zanján. The commentary was A copy of a letter written by Muhammad Ahmad, the 'Umar 'Mahdi' written in 738/1336by Mas'ld ibn al-TaftazanÍ of Sudan (reg. l88l-5), in reply to General (d. 792i1390). See C. Brockelmann, Geschichreder Gordon Pasha,Governor Generalof Sudan.From the arabischenLitteratur,I, p. 497and II, p.215. heading it is evident that the present ms. is a copy Many of the numerous marginalia are written in made for official government purposes.The letter is patterns.Folio lr containsa calendarfor the elliptical dated 2 Jumada al-avrw'al [sic] 1301129 February year 840i1436-7. 1884.In January 1885,the Mahdi took Khartoum, Incipit: Basmalah v'a bih nasta'm an arx'í dhihar overcoming Gordon's hopelessbid to hold the city vukhrij fi rí,,'adal-kalam min al-is'intam lll againstoverwhelming odds. However, the Mahdi died 'Abd Probably copied in the Ottoman Empire. Dated in June of that year, to be succeededby Khalifah early Rajab 937lmid-February 1531. l/asfrftr with Alláh. dru'aníelements. 17 lines. 5l folios. 184 x 127 mm. In this letter the Mahdi expresseshis willingnessto Thin polishedwhite paper. Ottoman binding:deep red withdraw other claimsif he be recognizedas Sultan of morocco with impressedmedallions: flap detached. Kordofan. Most of the remainder of the ietter is See plate 2 for a reproduction of f. 2v-3r of the didactic in purpose. The writer urges Gordon to manuscript. repent of his sins and to adopt the dervish costume and rosary previously sent to him. He further warns Biography against the enticementsof worldly riches. power and glory - and declaresthat he himself has no need of RCIN 1005008 those things but is purely the instrument of the Divine 'Abbás Will and servantof the Prophet Muhammad. of Bey.] [Diary Incipit: Basmalsh al-hantd li-AllAh al-Wah al-Karím 'Abbás 'ala The journal kept by Bey, Secretary to the w,a-al-salat Sayyidina Muhammad u'a-alih ma' al- Governor-Generalof Sudan,during the expedition to taslím wa-ba'd fa-min al-'abd al-mu/taqir Muhammad 'Abd 'aztz Kordofan of Hicks Pasha against the Mahdists in al-Mahdí ibn Allah ila Brítaniyah vt'a-al- 'Abbás 1883.The campaignended in the deathof Bey Khidrv'í1'ahGhurdun Pasha qad w'asalanajav'abuk wa- and the destruction of Hicks' force. The diary was fahimna nta fih wa-al-hal innak taz'am iradat islah al- commencedat Dueim on ll September1883 and Muslimtn v'a-fathal-turuq li-ziyarat al-l{ahr ... concludeson November lst at Aloba: the flnal mas- The main text is followed by that of three briefer sacrecame on November 5th. documents.The first. brought by messengerfrom the For a description and abridged translation of the Mahdi to Gordon, again urges him to wear the cos- contentsof this diary, seethe anonymousarticle "The tume of a dervish,which he believesshould be easyfor diary of Abbas Bey", in Sudan notes and records,xxxii Gordon if his repentancebefore God be sincere.The pt. 2 (Dec. 1951),pp. 179-196.On the Hicks expedi- secondis a telegraphin reply from Gordon, again in tion seealso Sir R. Slatin, Fire and swordin the Sudan, Arabic, informing the Mahdi of the receipt of his new edition,London 1907,pp. 126-134. letter brought by three persons,and that there was Written from Septemberto November 1883.Riq'ah, nothing further to be said [by way of concession]upon written in pencil.17 lines.72folios (143pp., 13 blank the matter. The third is a telegrambriefly stating his but for rules). 162 x 98 mm. Ruled off-white laid position,sent by Gordon on 14 April 1884to N[bár notebook paper. Binding: worn marbled boards, red Pàshá,the British-appointedPrime Minister, the Shaykh morocco spine. al-Azhar (rector of al-Azhar University), and the Sherif 'Abbás The ms. was taken from Bey's body after of Mecca. the fatal battle. Its next owner was killed at Omduran Dated 1301/1884.Mainly in good, clear riq'ah in 1898,and the diary was taken by Egyptian Army script. I folio. 54 x 32 cm. Intelligence.It was presentedto Queen Victoria by Gen. Wingate,in 1899. Narural history

RCrN 1005010 f' Iqd al-ajvadrt al-safrnatal-jiyafl (r!fr ;UUrJr -i )L-)l r.er) l0 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 (I992)

A treatiseon horses,by Muhammad ibn al-Amir'Abd whereprostration during recitation is obligatory.Fol- al-Qádir al-Jazà'irl,son of the renowned Amrr 'Abd lowedby oneblank folio. al-Qádir (Emir Abdel Kader) who led the Algerian resistanceto French occupation during the mid-l9th RCIN 100501I century. The text comprisesa muqaddimah:srx babs, Ilahí'nantah. "-"l.;.,Àl each subdividedinto and a khatimah. .fagls; Dicta and meditations, more commonly known as The subjecttreated by Muhammad al-Jazá'iriinclude 'Abd Munajat. of the Sufi Khvájah Alláh Ansárr of the virtues of the horse: different breedsor types and Herat. See S. de Laugier de Beaurecuell.Khvadia their qualities;good and bad characteristicsand their 'Abdullah Ansarí (396-48I H.l 1006-1089) , mt'stique indications; training; breeding and foaling; and racing. hanbalite, Beirut. 1965. On textual problems see The author makes lrequent referenceto the Koran 'The 'Abdu'llàh B. Utas. Munájàt - Iláhi-námahof and to A|tadrth; the text is also enlivenedwith numer- Ansárr'. Manuscripts of the Middle East. 3 (Leiden ous storiesand anecdotes. 'Iqd 1988),pp. 83-87. al-ajtad was published at Beirut in 1293i1876 'Abd This ms. was produced by order of Amir al- (12": 410 pp.) and in an abridgedversion (Nukhbat 'lqd Rahmán Khán, King of Afghanistan (reg. 1297 al-aj.tarilat Beirut in 1326r1908. 1880-1319/'1901).Each folio is inscribedon one side This ms. is almostcertainly the author'sholograph. only, on facing versosand rectos.Illuminated heading for although it is clearly an Ottoman ms., written and margins.f. 1v-2r(see plate 4). probably in Damascus.the calligraphyis distinctively Inciprt : BasmalahHamdalah va-al-'aqibatli-al-mut ta- North African. A statementinscribed by Amrr 'Abd qín t,a-al-salat... qal al-Shut'khal-Aty'am [sicJ va-Qud- al-Qádir himself on f. 4r indicateshis approval of the vat al-Anam ... a)' :i dardat bídilan'ra bu-vi darman work. Illuminated heading.5r. Table of contents,lv-3v. amadah Incipit: Basmalahal-hamd li-AllAh alladhíja'ala al- Dated l3l4l1896-'1. Embossedcalligraphy most skil- kltu.t'r nta'qucl./ï nawast al-kha.vl wa zat-vanahabi-al- 'alá fully executed,probably with a stylus, by Muhammad glrurcu'al-v'adihah ... x'a rasanTa.faQlaha sffiatay Amrn KákarI. Fine large nasta'ltq.6lines. I 13 folios. 228 ul-rtaharva-al-lavl. x l44mm. Thick, cream-colouredlaid paper. Lacquered Dated 1290i1873-4. Good. clear magltribr scripï.. painted binding with floral spray, polychrome and gilt 25 lines.179 folios ([8],350 pp.) 259 x 170mm. Fine motifs. and red moroccospine. dark red Ottoman morocco binding with gilt stamped 'Abd Presentedto Queen Victoria by Amír al-Rah- medallionsand flap. Seeplate 3 for a reproduction of mán. King of Afghanistan,probably in 1899. l. I 79r of the manuscriot.

Poetrl' PcnSIIN MANUSCRIPTSIN THE ROYAL CoLLECTION RCIN 1005013 Shahnamah. +"Lul.- Religion The national epic poem of Iran, completed in 400r RCIN 1005001 1010 by Firdawsr of T[s. In this ms. the text is in disorder. It is illustrated with 88 miniature paintings in Persiancontents of the Koran ms. of ïp[ Sultan (see Qazvin and Shiraz styles of the time. Illuminated RCIN 1005001.Arabic manuscripts).An inscription sarlawh, f. lv-2r; illumination added much later in statesthat this material,f.2-17, was addedto the ms. India, 283r. by order of the Sultan. Iran: Safavid, c'a. 1585.Fine small nasta'ltq.29 lines Folio 2r. A table containinginformation about each in 6 columns.283 folios. 441 x 303 mm. Indian gold- Surah: place of revelation,number of verses,qualities blocked red morocco binding. (khavass)of Surahsand ayahs,eïc. Probably from the library of frp[ Sultan: cf. C. Ste- 2v. On Íhe Fatihah (Surah I) and its qualities (kfta- warÍ, Descriptive catalogue rf' the orieníal librarl' of the lrTss);with circular diagram. laÍe Tippoo Sultan of Mvsore. p. 54. Presentedto King 3r. The same for al-Baqar (sic, i.e. al-Baqarah), George III or IV by the Marquess of Hastings, pro- Sirah Il. bably between1813 and 1823. 3v-14v.Table for all other Surahs. 'Two Published: B.W. Robinson, manuscripts of l5r. Table indicating how many times each letter of the "Shahnama" in the Royal Library', Burlington the alphabet occursin the Koran. Magazine (Feb.iMar. 1968),pp. 73-78 and plates. l5v. A mnemonicgha:al poem in five linesconcern- ing versesof the Koran. RCIN 1005014 l6r-16v. A list of seventeenpassages which it is imperativenot to mispronounce. Shahnamah. u[aÉ l7r-17v. Table of fifteen passagesin the Koran One of the finest lTth century mss. of Firdáwis poem. MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. TSLAMICMANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTIOI. tl

Includedis the Báysunghurpreface. Besides 149 minia- 12 lines. 197foiios. 307 x 192mm. Formerly exquisite ture paintings,there are fine illuminations,on f. 6v,7r, binding in tan morocco with impressedmedallions, 7v, 8r, and l5v. largely ruined by later colouring and additions; brown Calligraphyby Muhammad Hakïm al-Husaynr. doublures. Dated 1058/1648.Nasta'ltq. 22 lines in 4 columns. Formerly in the Oudh Royal Library, Lucknow. 756folios. 457 x 284mm. Lacqueredpainted binding. Taken after the Nawab's deposition,and presentedto Presentedto QueenVictoria, 1839. King George III or IV by Lord Teignmouth. Published:B.W. Robinson,'Two manuscriptsof the "Shahnama"in the Royal Library', Burlington RCIN 1005018 Magazine(Feb.rMar. 1968), pp. 137-138and plates. Dívan-i Hafz -bii- o!,-> RCrN 1005015 The collected poems of Háfi2. See above, RCIN I 00501 7. Bustan JL: Good illuminated headpiece,f. lv; marginal and A didactic poem containing narrativesand maxims in interlineargilding, lv-2r. No colophon.Seal impression verse,by Sa'drof Shiraz(d. 1258). on f. 1r dated 117811764-5.Label on spine reads: Excellentsmall illuminated heading, f. lv;gilt illumi- Dívan-íHafi: mutalla ba-khatt-i Vilayat. nated borderswith birds and floral motifs. Headingsin Copied probably in India during the early or middle gold. x 'Imád l8th century. I{asta'ltq. 12 lines. 206 folios. 207 Copied by the noted calligrapher al-Hasanr. I l7mm. Gilt stampedmorocco binding. and dated Jumada al-;ant l0l9iAugust-September 1610.EleganÍ nasta'hq.12 lines. 169 folios. 238 x RCIN 1005019 l48mm. Light beige paper, lightly gold-sprinkled. Tutl,tat al-ahrar ;.Á, Indian covers and doublures in red morocco, gold- -'l,.-)r blocked. Decoratedwhite silk wrapper. A didactic masnavípoem on Sufism,ethics, etc. by N[r 'Abd The ms. contains ownership seals of the Moghul al-Drn al-Rahmán Jàmi (d. 89711492). Emperor Sháh'Àlam, dated 30 [sic],and Ahmad Sháh Elegantillumination on f. lv; interlineargilding and of Hyderabad,dated lll9ll707. It must later have polychrome arabesques,lv-2r. Section headingsand beenin the Royal Library of Oudh at Lucknow. Finally, illuminations in blue and gold. All theseilluminations it was presentedto King George III or IV by Lord are later additions. Borders of gold-sprinkled laid Teignmouth. Governor-Generalof India 1792-9. paper. Probably late l5th or early l6th century. Iran, or RCrN100s017 possibly India. Very fine nasta'hqcalligraphy by Mir 'Ali. 12 lines. 78 folios: 239 x 159 mm. Bound in Dívan-i Hafz -bil-- -,ly-r paper wrappers. Collectedpoems of Háfi2 of Shiraz(d. ca. 1390),one of the greatestmasters of the Persianlyric. Written in the RCIN 1005020 kitabkhanahof Husayn Khán Qurjï ShamsrrShàmll, Drvan-i Khaqan ,-tli\- olyr governor of Herat. This ms. contains the editorial 'Ali prefaceby Muhammad Gulandám. Collected poems of Fath Sháh Qájár (req. 12121 Incipit Hamd-i bthadd va sana-yibr"add va sipas-i 1797-125011834),written under the pen-name Khá- bt'qiyas mar'Khudavandï'ra kih jam'-i dívan-i hafi- qán. :an'ra azraqparvanah-'i sultan-i LIst Two fine portraits in Qájár style, f. l2v and l3r. The ms. containsone miniature(on f. lv: probably Illuminated headings,f. lv, 7v, and 146r. Numerous Bukhara, ca. 1550); also an interesting unfinished blank spaces,intended for paintings,illumination and miniature in the stateof a line drawing, f. l6r. Superb text. Illumination, interlinear gilding, and borders illumination,f . 2v-3r; that on 2v is almost complete, with drawings of animals on every folio. while 3r is stencilledand gilt only. Fine illuminated Incipit (heading): Díbachah-'i kífib-i danish va 'unvan-i heading (sarlav,h)at text opening, f. l6v. Illuminated drvan-i brnishhamd va ;ana--r-iKhaqanast gilt panels between poems. Many folios are tinted Incipit (poems): Ay munfa'il zi mah-i rukhat míhr-i blue, yellow, beige, or green. Some are marble, but khavart I shud khatm dar jahan ha-tu rasm-i sitamgarí most contain in the margins a variety of animal and Dated the last third of Shavval l2l6/February- plant designsin gold. Other designsadorn the text March 1802; miniatures dated l2l7l1802-3. Copied areaof somefolios. by the court scribe Mulrammad Mahdi al-Tihránt. Colophon dated late Ramadan, the year not being Good large nasta'hq. 10 lines. 180 folios. 425 x given; datableto Herat ca. 1600-1610.Copied by Sháh 282mm. Fine painted lacqueredcovers and doublures. Qásim Haravr, who is known to have copied at leastfive Seeplate 5 for a reproduction of f. 13r. other mss.between 1599 and 1619.Very finenasta'líq. Presentedto the PrinceRegent in 1812by the author. t2 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 (I99] )

Prose and collectedbelles-lettres HisÍort

RCrN1005021 RCIN 1005024(: vol. l). 1005071(: vol. 2) lKulhl,at-i Sa'dí -5J** .-,LE Akbar'nàntah +"U,51 Detachedleaves from a copy of the Kulltv-ator collected A detailedhistory of the reign of the Moghul emperor works of the renowned l3th century author Sa'dr of Akbar (reg. 963i1555-1014,1605).with an accounrof 'Allámi Shiraz.The extantfolios are: 12-25,27-36,37(margin his predecessors,by Abu al-Fazl (d. l0lli only), [?]64, 376-381,384-393, 395-400. and two that 1602).See C.A. Storey,Persían liíerarure; o bio-bibtio- 'thumb- are not identified.Small triangular illuminated graphical sltrver'.Ii l, pp. 541-549.The rext has been pieces'on eachfolio. translatedby H. Beveridgeas The Akharnamao./'Abul- No colophon.South Iran or India; ca. l6th century. Fazl, Calcufta 189'7-1921 . Fine small nasta'líq. 12 lines in centre Íext, 24 in Although there is no extant colophon, and tracesof margins. 50 folios. 209 x 129 mm. Beige paper. past ownershiphave beenremoved or deleted,this ms. is Original black morocco binding with gilt medallions, probably a very early copy of the text and may have damaged. belongedto the Moghul imperial library. Incipit of volume I : RCrN1005022 Allah Akbar ín chih dar yaJtaníast zharf va shinakhtant shigarf Gulistart JE-.Jè Incipit of volume 2: Anecdotesand moral axioms,in fine proseembellished Basmalahsukhan tazah sazam ha-nam-i Khuday with verses,by Sa'dr (see the previous ms.). A fine 'Abd Undated. Probably early lTth century, in Akbar's calhgraphicand illuminatedcopy; made for Sháh lifetime or soon after. Very elegantnasta'líq.25 lines; al-Muttalib Khán. an intimate courtier (muqarrab)of catchwords.A fine small illuminated headingon f. lv of the Moghul Emperor Akbar. the secondvolume includes the legend: Allah Akbar. Very good polychrome and gilt illumination: roundel, Thereis a small and simpleilluminated heading on f. lv f. 1r; doublesarlax'h.1v-2r: illuminated section headings of the secondvolume. The ms. comprisestwo volumes throughout. Text written on lightly gold-sprinkled of 286 and 395 folios respectively.360 x 231mm. brownishpolished paper. Rubrics in red. white, mauve. Beige paper. lightly flecked with gold. Bound in fine light blue. and turquoiseinks. Coloured borders of dark brown calf with raised bands on spine and gold creampaper. with gilt floral ornamentation and stencil- chain border lines on covers. led designs. According to an inscription on f .286v of vol. l, the Calligraphyby Muhammad Husayn Kashmrrr,called ms. was seenby a member of the Moghul family on Zarrrn'qalam. Dated 992i1584. Fine ncsta'hq. 12 Saturday 9 Sha'ban,or I Mihr of the llahí era,the exact lines. 128 folios. 358 x 238 mm. Binding: excellent yearbeing unknown. black morocco with gilt impressed medallions and Probably presented to Albert Edward, Prince of border lines.and red doublures. Wales.later King Edward VII. during his tour of India Formerly in the Moghul imperial library. Seenby 'ar:'dtdah in 1875. Akbar in 99311585.With of Sháh Jáhán dated Agra 103711627-8.Presented to King George RCrN100502s III or IV bv Lord Teisnmouth. f ttttsltttltnuntult a.rL:-a[-1:1, RCrN1005023 Part of an official chronicle. also known as Shah Kitah-i Zurh al-ntasal $l .-'.rj .-,15 Juhan'nclntah.of the reign of the Moghul Emperor Sháh Jahán (1628-1658).Each of its three dafrars An anonymous compilation of Persian proverbs and describesevents of one decade; the first two are by saws,arranged in alphabeticalorder accordingto the 'Abd al-Hamïd Láhawn, the last by Muhammad Várig. first word. His praise of the Twelve Imáms in the See Storey. Persian literature, Iil, pp. 575-577 The preface(i. 3r) showsthe author to have beena Shi'ite. Shah Jahan l,trama... the nineteenth('eníur)' translation Incipit: basmalahat' pur'guhar zi nam-i Tu durj-i rÍ A.R. Fuller (British Librarl', Add. 30,777), ediÍed ntaqalha sarshar-i nutq az may-i hamd tavallulha chun and completedby W.E. Begleyand Z.A. Desai,Delhi ghunchahsar ba-jrb-i taha"vyurkashïdah and 1990. Undated; l9th century. Rather rustic nasta'hq,tnhke The presentms. contains Da.ftar I, the account of that of a professionalscribe. 7 lines.45 folios. 248 x the first decadeof Sháh Jahán'sreign. It is illustrated 16l mm. Thick white paper. Bound in boards faced with 22 single-and I I double-pageminiature paint- with marbled paper. ings. some being by leading Moghul artists. Very fine illuminated shamsalnon f. lv and 2r; gold arabesque desisnsin the border of everv folio. It MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION IJ

Incipit lr{igar rn kalumr'ra kih guzarish-i an daman-i Siraj al-tavarrkhis a significantpiece of research;in \aml qn-ra ... his preface the author mentions that he has drawn Dated 1067i1656-7. l{asta'hq calligraphy by upon records in the Royal Archive at Lucknow and MulrammadAmrn Mashhadr.21 lines.239 folios; 586 upon thoseof the East India Company. For eachruler x 368mm. Gilt bindingwith medallions.wrapped in the author provides an account of the main eventsof Lucknowsilk cloth. his reign, some account of his personality,and details Formerlyin the Oudh Royal Library.Presented to of his wivesand offspring.A final sectionis devotedto King GeorgeIII by Lord Teignmouth. eventsbetween. Also included are the texts, mainly in Urdu, of many agreementsand treaties('ahdnamahs) RCIN 1005026 concluded with the East India Company. A small table at the end of each sectionindicates each King's fTnrtkh-ilradttr Khan oi- .i:l,l' à,1,-l ':" place and date of birth, date of death, duration of Memoirs of Mrrzá Mubárak Alláh. also known as reign, place of burial, and children; and the namesof Vási' and as Irádat Khàn (d. ll28il116). Completedin his na'ib or deputy, and of the British Residentof the 1126i1714.the work concernsevents in the Moghul time. Empire betweenlll8rl707 and ll25il7l3 from the Siraj al-tavarïkhts rare if not unique.It is not found death of the Emperor Awrangzlb to Farrukhsiyar's in Storey, Persian literature; nor is it to be confused entry into Delhi. See Storey. Persiun literature, Ill, with the generalhistory with specialreference to India p. 602: and J. Scott. A írunslationo./ the Memoirs of by Nlr Muhammad Khurásánr(Storey Ii 1. p. 481), Eradut Khan. which has the sametitle. Incipit: Ta'lt/-i Mír:a Mubaruk A/lah ntutakhal/i.s 'Álurn'gtrt Incipit'. BusntalahKhudat'ancl-i ;amín va :aman'rà hu-Vasi' ntukhatab hah Irt\dat Khan-i ... sitayish t'a sanc1-t'iwfir kilt arn'a'-i max'judat'ro o: ibtida-ti tahrrr-i kalimat chun buh hangant-i tughrïr-i nihankhanah-'i'adantha-shuhri.stan-i t'ujud .jilvah'gar sLtbadart ... sakht Dated 2 R(tbt' al-avyal, 33rd regnal year of Shah 'Alám Autograph ms. dated 1292i1875.Good nasta'ltq. i.e. 12059 November 1790.Nasra'ltq. l1 [II], 9lines; catchwords.Lightly illuminated heading, and lines. Illuminated headpiece,f. lv. 201 folios. 284 x interlinear and marginal gilding, f. lv-2r. 279 folios. 177 mm. Red morocco binding, with gilt medallions 210 x 127 mm. Most folios are tinted. in various and corneroieces. colours: purple, green,mauve, yellow, or gold-yellow; some are white. Gilt endpapers.Bound in India. in RCrN 1005027 European style: red morocco with gilt floral ornamen- lVishan-iHaydarí é;-!- ru; tation. 'Ali This work by Mir Husayn Khán Kirmánï is a Probably presented to Albert Edward, Prince of 'Ali historyof Haydar Khán and Tipu Sultan.Kings Wales. later King Edward VII. during his tour of of Mysore.from 1165i17 51-2 to 1213,I 198-9. It India in 1875. was completedin 1217i1802. See Storey. Persian literature,Il1, p. 714.From this ms. was madethe transiationby Col. W. Miles: The History of Hydur Biography Naik. London 1842. Incipit: Shtrazah-'idaftar-i mutafarriq-i akhbar-i RCIN 1005029 'alam jami'-i va majmu'ah-'iafrad-i awza'-i mutabayin-i Zindaganï-'inta dar kuhistan g1.-",.+-

and gilt ornamentation on front cover is signed by Incipit: Rabb y'assirn'o tamm fstc]bi-al-khayr Basma- RazrTàliqánr and dated 1302,,1884-5. lah ba'd az hamd-i bisyar va yna-yi híshumar-i Khaliq Presentedto QueenVictoria by R. Murdoch Smith, al-layl wa-al-nahar kih ba-isharat-i Kun hi:h- 'alam .Ía-yakun November1885. dah hazar va charkh-i bísutun bar a/rakht ... chunrnsuvnd kih ruzr FTruzshahhukama'-i zamanoh- RCIN 1005030.Ornamental bag. made to containms. ra tatab namud kih dar mu'atajat-i .janvaran-i to.v,iran RCIN 1005029. mi;l-i ba: ... ba-kamalsakhtan There are fine illuminated headings,on f. 209r (see plate 8) and f. lVatLrralhisíor.t' 25lr; also illuminated are the colo- phons.f. 208v and f. 251r. India or Afghanistan. RCIN 1005031 l9th century. lVa.sta'líq.l7 lines.251 folios. 295 x 182 mm. Lacqueredpainted A manuscriptcontaining two texts. binding of high quality. The ms. I. f. 1v-208v.Foras'namah +'l _rj bears two library stamps: those of N[r Haqq Mazhar Jang, dated 78; and, dated 1321/1903- A treatise on horses and farriery. According to the 4, of Habrb Alláh Khán, King of Alghanistan (reg. preface,this is a translation from Arabic into Persian 13l9/ 1901-1 337 It may have presented ol Kitah Kamil al-sincl'ata1'n.made on the instructions l1919). been by Amán Alláh during his visit to Britain. of Qàzï Mulrammad ldrïs Khán by order of Ahmad Shàh Durráni, King of Afghanistan (reg. 116011747- 1187 1773). The Persianversion comprises 9 maqàlahs.each sub- Tunrtsu MANUSCRIpTsrN THE RoyAL coLLECTIoN divided inÍo babs.It has not beentraced in published catalogues.The contentsare as follows: Poetry l. f. 2r-43r.Introductory sections. 20 bobs. 2.. f . 43r-77v.On the colours of horses.mules. and RCIN 1005032

donkevs. 10 hahs.See plate 7 for a reproductionof .r .l Neya'í ,41! 4*el f. 65v-66r. [Hantse-'i vr 'Ali 3. f. 71v-93r. Mainly on typology: good and bad The Ham,se('Five Poems') of Mrr $ïr Nevá'r breeds.voices, and care during foaling. l0 babs. (d. l50l). Nevá'r was the greatestauthor to write in 4. f . 93r-99v.Signs of good health and speed;how to Chaghatay,the classicalEastern Turkic languagewhich recognizethese and defectswhen buying. 12 bAbs. was the forerunner of modern Uzbek. 5. f. 99v-130r.Equine ailments;their names,causes, Contents:I. lv-52v. Ha-vreÍul-ebrar. II. 53v-l2lv. and symptoms.34 babs. Ferhad ti $rrtn. IlI. 122v-164v.Mecnun i Leylà. IY. 6. f. l30r-155r.On the treatmentof ailmenÍs.70babs. l65v-221v.Seb'a .get't'are.Y . 222v-300v.Sedd-i isken- 7. l. 155r-176v.Treatment of ailments.66 babs. uerl. 8. f. l76v-202r.Treatment of ailments.7l bubs. The ms. is illustratedwith six miniature paintingsby 9. f. On the varioustypes of medicamentand talisman. Moghul court artists.on f. 5v, 6r, 12v,20v,30r.35v. 12babs. Elegantilluminations, f. 1v-2r(see plate 9), 53v, 122v. The text is illustratedwith 99 miniatures.mainly of 165v.222v. horses(a few are of donkeys): 3I on f. 26r-41r.and 68 Herat: dated 29 Reht' iil-evvel897130 March 1492. 'Ali on 44r-TTv.Illuminatedheading. f. lv, and colophon, Superb nestalik calligraphy by Sultán Meghedi 208v. (Mashhadr).23 lines in 4 columns. 300 folios. 344 x Incipit: Basmalah Hamdalah Khuday-ra aqsam-i 230 mm. Gold-sprinkledleaves. Later Indian binding: hamd ia sana kih Ádam-rA az karkhanah-'i.fazt-i khvurl black morocco. with gilt stamped medallions and taj-i Va-laqadkarramna Banr Àdam bar sar guzashtah bordersand a flap. Formerly preservedin the Moghul 'arz'dtdahs imperial library, the ms. bears of the Empe- IL f .209r-25h. Dawlatnamah a,,t".:r) rors Jahàngir (101411605-6)and Sháh Jahán (1031i 4 February 1628).See plate l0 for a reproductionof An anonymoustreatise on the care and medical treat- the colophon on f. 300v. ment of falconsand other hunting birds. According to the preface,the text comprises 46 fasls, but the list of RCIN 1005033 contentson f . 209v-210rmentions only 44. rl 'l .l Báz'nàmahs, or texts on hunting birds, tend to have lDívan-ilYevd'r é't e'J'-' ) 'AlT much material in commono many being associated Collectedlyric poems of Mrr gïr Nevá'ï. Chagha- with a certain Fïruz Sháh. The presentwork may be tay Turkish text. That this ms. was copiedwithin the related to, or even identical with, a text bearing the decade between the author's death and that of the sametitle in ÀsaÍ-ryahLibrary, Hyderabad: seeStorey, calligrapher is evident from the honorific formulae PersianliteraÍure, vol. 2 part 3, p. 410. which occur in the headinesto the poems. MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL C]OLLECTION l5

There is a lacuna immediately before the colophon. Biographl' The first folio is also lacking; this would have contained the right hand side of the double-pageopening minia- RCIN 1005034 'arz'drdah ture painting, with etc.. indicating past Sinbilname +,LL; ownership.probably on the recto.Gazels occupy f. lv- 67lv and 690r-705r,mesnevrs f. 705r-735v;the remain- An accountby Ylsuf Sinán Efendr (d. 979i1571)of der of the text consistof kn'as. du-beytís,etc. the Stinbriliye-HalvetiyeSufi Order and some of its The ms. contains one contemporary and 8 Imperial leading shaykhs, especially$eybs Srinbiil, Mrislihid- Moghul (ca. 1600)miniature paintings, the latter being din, and Ya'kub. The Stinbiihyewas one of the more signedby or attributed to leadingcourt artists. influential Orders in the Ottoman Empire. This text. 'aksi Incipit: ASrakatntin Semsíl-ka'si envaríil-hiidà written in Ottoman Turkish, is also known by the title 'Ali Copied by Sultàn Meghedrafter Nevá'r's death, Silsile-'i tarrkat-i Siinbiihv"e. i.e.between l50l and 1510.Fine nestalik.l2 lines.766 The main text is followed by brief Arabic texts in folios. 309 x 200 mm. Green leather binding, red praise of the Prophet, versesin Ottoman Turkish, etc. doublures,flap blind-stampedmedallions. The ms. is slightly incomplete, there being lacunae Presentedto Queen Victoria by the Emir of Bukhara following folios 1 and 3. There is an illuminated in May 1872. headingon f. lv. Incipit: Humdla olsa ihtidà-i kelàm I layr rle llarnt 9l4b 9l4r itman i lJumd Ánfidr ki ismj a';amdr 1 Lunguage ;at1 pak ti ;i/àt1 ekrentdir i hamd-i .fërat'ttn ve sen7-ri bï-paran gl flalik-i :entrn [i asman ve Ra:rk-t ins íi can RCIN 1005072 Hozretiniíi cenab-tkibriyasma mahsusdr ... Kitah-t Míintellabat-tlugat-í'Osmantye No colophon. Late l6th century, or early l7th. Nestalik script. *t[i driiJ .-,[^*:. .-,15 15 lines. 27 folios. 183 x 110 mm. Binding: boards,covered with marbled paper. A dictionary of Arabic and Persian words used in Ottoman Turkish, given the meaningsbeing in Otto- Unpu MANUSCRIPTSIN THE ROYAL COLLECTION man. The author was Sir James William Redhousel 'Sir see C.V. Findley, James W. Redhouse(1811- 1892):the making of a perfectorientalist?' . Journal o.f' Poelrv Ílre AmericanOriental Sociert'.99. 4 (1979),pp. 573- 600 RCINr00503s The title of the dictionary was changed by Red- ['Isltqnomult n"Lc-:^r ] house from Kitab-t Míintehcthc1t-rTiirkít'e. as can be A masnavrpoem concerninglife in Lucknow's courtly seenon f. 6v. A note on the same folio statesthat he circles,together with anecdotesof the author's life and beganthis work on 20th October 1839.The Mtinteha- 'Ah loves. The author is Vájid Shah, King of Oudh bàt was first publishedin lithograph at Istanbul in two (reg. 1847-1856),also renowned as a poet and play- volumesin 1267-9i185l-3.and was reprintedat least 'itaveti wright. The title given above, which is found on a four times.An enlargedversion. entitled Miiníe- 'O;manrye. label attachedto the top cover of the ms.. appearsto lugat-i was published in 12861 ftubut-t have been derived from a phrase in the penultimate 1869-70and reprinted at leastthree times. line of the poem. This ms. has also acquired by usage Incipit: Hamden leke el-'alemïn ve A'lem el- 'Customs 'cllimín flalik the English title of the Court of Oudh'. The ve Ahsen el-muhsintn ki drger ntinhatt go)'r-t author's holograph frS., dated 126511849,is pre- ma'dude... servedin the SheraniCollection in Panjab University Author's hoiograph ms. Fine rrk'a scripl 25 lines, Library, Lahore. SeeMuhammad BashrrHusayn, Filr- besidesheaders and pagination, in double columns. rist-i makhtutat-i Sheran4I (Lahore 1968),p. 77. Numerous marginal notes and additions throughout. The poem is divided into 131sections called dastans. Paperby J. Whatman.2lT x 132mm. 398folios: 683 Each has a descriptiveheading, which is wholly in numbered pages,plus five folios at the beginningand Persian. Most of the work is concerned with the two at the end. Full purple morocco binding by 'Alï's period before Vájid accessionto the throne. Staunton, with gold-tooled and blind-stampedorna- That event is describedin dàstan 102 (f. 352v-363r), mentation. 'my the heading of which alludes to accession'(7al[s Presentedto Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, later farntildan-i ntan). Dastan 131, by contrast, concerns King Edward VII, in 1854,by Lt. Col. Williams,C.B., urs antatoria.being entitled Dar ;ikr-í taJyl-i ma'shu- of the Royal Artillery. In 1853 Redhousehad given qc1n-inek o had, o nasa'ih-i hoshafzadar bab-i tark-i the ms. to Williams, with whom he worked for 4 ll2 clnha(.'Concerning the particulars of lovers good and years on establishingthe Persian-Ottomanboundary. bad: with sensiblecounsel as to how to leavethem [i.e. the latterl'). l6 NÍANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST 6 (I99:)

This ms. must certainly have been produced for the RCrN1005037 King himself.It is illustratedwith 103miniature paint- IIaft ro: \.-4À ings in mid-l9th century Lucknow style, depicting -\J) 'Ali scenesof court life; the Prince (later King) Vájid A collection of moral maxims. in the form of a appearsin almost all of them. Illuminated heading, masnavrpoem, by Muhammad Ahmad Khán. of the f. iv: border illumination in gilt and with the royal family of the Nawab of Kunjpura in Karnal District. arms on f. lv-9v. The work is dedicatedto the Prince of Wales (later Karu4 pahle hamd-i Khuda-e karrm King Edward VII). Incipit: Haft roz comprises seven collections called pand, 'advice'. Khabir o qadrr o gfuaJuro rahïm meaning Each dealswith a specifictopic and Dated 1266i1849-50.Nasta'ltq.9 lines.444 folios. is illustratedwith a story concerninga historical ruler. 443 x 276 mm. Fine white paper. Brown calf binding such as Balban, Babur, Humayun. Napoleon, and with gilt ornamental panels with floral designs;silvered Queen Victoria. The contentsare as follows. doublures.See plate I I for a reproductionof f.263v. a: f. 3v. Hamd: exordiumin praiseof God. Formerly in the Royal Library of Oudh. Taken by b: 4v. '\'a't: praise of the Prophet. Sikh soldiersof the Punjab Regimentfrom the palace c: 5r. Sobab-ita'ltf: reasonsfor composingthe work, at Lucknow'in 1858when it was stormed:given b,v dedicationto the Princeof Wales. them to Sir John Lawrence: presentedb,v him to Parul l: 7r. On the harmful effects of complacency QueenVictoria in 1859. @haflat) Pand 2: 16r. On the harmful effectsof keeping companywrth the petty-minded. RCrN 1005036 Pand 3: 20r. On the harmful effects of hasty and [Sulh-ikull lí À-.1 imprudent actions. Mujodulult-i.jang o sulh, nnn:um, mausuntbah Fath al- Pand4:28v. On the virtuesof justiceand impartiality. hr\h, isnt-itarrfir: GhoL-iNamr, ma'ruf Sulh-i kull Pand 5: 33r. On the virtues of alertnessand forbearance. A poem by Sayyid Aqá Hasan Mrrán Sàhib, called Pand 6: 42v. On the virtues of moderation in fellow- Námi. of Balrampur state in Oudh. The main part of feelingwith one'scompatriots. the work ts a ntuna:arah. or disputation, between Pandl: 53v.On the virtuesofjustice towards and care Peaceand War. This is the holographms. for one's subjects.with a descriptionof constitutional The contentsof the work are as follows.Title page. democracy. f. lr; proseintroduction praising Queen Vrctoria and d: 64r: Khatirnuh:epilogue. some Britons known to the author. 2t'. a qusítlahto Incipit: the Queen Empress.llr': chronograms(tarrklt) in BayrtolaltRctbh l'u.s.sir' n'u tontnlimhi-al-khair versefor her Jubilee.l2v: proemiumin I'erse.13v: a Ilahí tire dar kà darru:ahgar StTqín-tntuh.l7r: the Mujadulah itself. l8r; and its tire tlur pih hc1:irhui ru rohnt kar conclusion (àisalah), 40r. Chronograms in the title Ilahí tira Ahmadr rusit'ah Ghor-í Namt and concluding verse give the date of utha'ehu'e sar pih bar-i gundh compositionas 130711890. Colophon, f. 65r. Autograph ms. dated 129211875. Incrpit(f. 2v): Mediocre nasto'líq.15 lines in double columns; catch- 'unyan Basntaluh humd-i Álartdgar-i :eh-i hai uske words. Gold leaf haphazardlyapplied to parrs of f. 3v. sip[t,snten [sít'J abr-i qalam duruafgfuanhaí usne gul-i 4r and colophon. 65 folios, paginated as 124 pages preceded .sukhanko ;lakh-i :aban par abvart-yi ;fiukr-í ni'mot by 5 unnumberedones. 318 x 190mm. Laid rase shiguftahki.t'a paper, watermarked: LESCACHALLAS 1875 with Muttu:arah begins: elaboratecoat of arms including three fleurs-de-lisand Kurilrr llunttl-i Glnllur ,t Ántur:gur three crescentmoons, surmounted by the head of a nurlt:onse kr jusne islah-ikar donkey apparentlyeating thistles.Marbled endpapers. vult har Haqq hai Sanna'-i Quclratntuna Binding: plain reddish-brownmorocco. kiya car azdad ko ek ja Presentedto Albert Edward, Prince of Wales. later The ms. is illustrated with five sepia photographic King Edward VII, through the Government of punjab. prints: of QueenVictoria, f. 4r; Námi, 7r; Sir Digbqay An accompanyingletter to the Librarian at Windsor Singh Bahadur, Maharaja of Balrampur, 7v; Sir Wil- Castlefrom a civil servantis dated l9 Januarv 1876. liam Muir, 9r; and Major G.W. Anson, 9v. No colophon. Good nasta'ltq script. I I lines. 43 folios. 325 x 200 mm. White laid paper with Isleurc ALBUMSrN THERoyAL coLLECTToN watermark A. PIRIE & SONS and Britannia surmoun- ted by a crown. Black buckram binding. RCIN 1005038 Presentedto Queen Victoria by the author through An album containing specimensof calligraphy,mainly Sir William Muir: receivedin 1891. by noted scribes,and portraits of Moghul emperors MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION t1 and notables, earlier religious figures, etc. Some are Bahádur. 29v. Zayn Khán Kflkah (Koka). 30r. Khán lSth century Deccani copies of early 17th century A'zam Kukah. 'Abd 'Abd miniatures. 3lv. Alláh Khán Uzbak (Uzbek).32r. al- 'cloud- The calligraphyis all nasta'lïqin illuminated Mu'min Khán, khalf-i'Abd Alláh Khán. 33v. Haktm bands', and the texts generally unattributed verses). Humám. 34r. Hakïm Rukná. 35v. Sultán Dávar- Names given are those of the calligraphers unless bakhsh. 36r. Shaykh Farrd called Murtazá Khán. 37v. otherwise stated. Where none is given. the work is Hakrm Abu al-Fath. 38r. Naqíb Khán with a ms. 39v. unattributed. Hakrm'AlI. 40r. Rám Dás Kachhváha. 4lv. Rày Ráysing. 42r. Rájah Bhagvánt Dás. 43r. Calligraphy: Rájah Mánsingh. 43v. Rájah Mánsing Bhavartiyah (?). I r. 2 lines. 44r. Rájah Jaganát.45v. Ashraf Khán Bahádur. 46r. lv. Iliuminated opening of a text, earlier than the Muqrm Khán Jahángrrr. 47v. Navváb Ja'far Khán portrait laid down at centre. 'Abd 'Ali. Yazlr. 48r. Alláh Khán Káshgharí. 49v. Rájah 2v. al-Faqrr 3 lines in praise of [Navváb?] Àsaf- Narsingdïv. 50r. Khándawrán JahángïrsháhI. LJáh?1. 5lv. Yusuf Sháh Dakhnr. 52r. Mtr Jumlah Mt'azzam 3r. Malik MulrammadArdabrlï; Shiraz.2lines. Khán. 53v. Mawlavr ['Abd al-Rahmán] Jámr, with a 4v. Quatrain.5r. Quatrain.6v. Quatrain.7r. Religious ms.; mosque or mausoleum with conical dome in quatrain.9r. Quatrain. l0v. Mïr'Ali. 2 lines. 'Ali. background. 54r. Hazrat-i Mullá Sháh fBadakhshl?]. llr. Haydar Quatrain. 12v. Muhammad Shafï'. 55v. Fath Alláh Khán Sháhjaháni.56r. Nazar Khán Quatrain. l3r. Mahm[d ibn Isháq al-Sihápt[sic]. 4 KhvrshakT.57v. ShankarB[:P]andit. with begging- lines. l4v. 2 lines. l5r. 2 iines. l6v. Quatrain. 17r. bowl. 58r. Khvájah Muhsin Munajjim: an old and Quatrain. 18v.Quatrain. l9r. Quatrain.20v. 2 lines. 'Abd crooked-mouthed astrologer standing with book in 21r. Alláh al-Husaynt.Quatrain. 22v. 2 lines. right hand and globe in left, beneatha clouded sky. 23r. 2 lines.24v. Quatrain. 25r. Quatrain. 26v. 2 lines. 58 folios; 58 miniatures;298 x 2ll mm.; nasta'hq; 27r. 2lines. 28v. Quatrain. 29r. Quatrain. 30v. Qua- morocco binding with gilt stampedmedallions train. brown and borders, similar to that of RCIN 1005001,the 3lr. Quatrain. 32v. Quatrain. 33r. Quatrain. 34v. Koran of T-rpuSultan of Mysore. 2lines.35r.2lines. 36v. Quatrain. 37r. Quatrain. 38v. Provenance:probably formerly in the library of T-rpu Quatrain.39r. Quatrain.40v. 2 lines. Sultan. 4lr. 2lines. 42v. Quatrain.43r. Quatrain.44v. Qua- train.45r. Unattributedsuperior nastu'lrq. 2 lines.46v. 'Alï. 2 lines from a na't. 47r. 2 lines. 48r'. al-Faqir RCIN 1005039 RCrN 1005067 2 lines.49r. 12lines.50r' and 5lr. Illuminatedopening of a text, praising Bábur and his scribesand scripto- Twenty-eightsheets containing specimens of calli- rium. graphy, in Persian. Arabic, or Chaghatay Turkish. Thirteen of them also contain miniatures by well- 52v. Quatrain.53r. Quatrain. 54v.2lines, headedI1a 'AlT; known Moghul artists. l6th-18th century. Calligra- t'a lahu ai-ii1'à. 55r. Muhammad 996/1587-8. 'Ali 'Ah. phers to whom works are attributed include Mir 2lines, perhapsby Mir Mustafá. 56v. Mrr Qua- and Muhammad Husayn (l6th century). Loose in train on failing eyesight.57r. Quatrain.58v. 2 lines. Portraits (namesare thoseof the subject,unless other- folder. wisestated): Calligraphy: 'Ah; lv. Jahángrr. 2r. An Ottoman Sultan (Khundkar-i 1r. Composite: drawing; (centre)Faqrr 2 lines of a Rum).3v. Bábur. 4r. Sháh Sultán Murád. 5v. Mrrzá na't; (left) Muhammad Husayn; 99911590-91;verses by 'Attár; Kámrán. 6r. Humáyun. By Mlhan Musavvir. 1011/ (above and below) Muhammad Husayn; verse 1602-3. 7v. Muzaffar Khán. 8r. Navváb Bayram by Nizámr. Khán. 9v. Muhammad Hakrm Mnzá.10r. MTránsháh, 4r. Muhammad Husayn Kashmrrï, at Lahore; Mrr 'All brother of Humáyln. (attributed). 'Alï I lv. Rájah Ju{ar Mil. l2r. Sipahdàr Khán Khalf-i 5r. Sultán Mashhadr; versesfrom Sa'dr'sBustan. 'Alá' 'Abd Khánjahán Bahádur. l3v. [Shaykh] al-Dawlah 5v. Alláh al-Husaynr.Sultán Mulrammad N[[ri?]. Simnáni with two pupils, a youth, and books. l4r. 6r. Mulrammad Husayn; quatrain. 'Abd Sháh Sa'idá-yi Haráti. 15v. Sultàn Dániyál with fal- 7r. al-Rahrm. con. 16r. Mlrza Sháh Rukh. l'lv. Sultán Khusraw, 8r. "Mrr'Ah" (attributed;very poor). with falcon. l8r. Afrásiyáb Khán Qlshbaygi. 19v. 9r. Unattributed. Mlrzá Muzaffar, with falcon. 20r. Sultán Parvtz' 9v. (centre)Faqír-i muinih'Ali; (margins)Muhammad 'Alamgir 2lv. Navváb Asad Khán. 22r. Pádsháh Husayn. 'Ali; (Awrangzrb,in old age).23v. Khalíl Alláh Khán. 24r. 10r. (centre) Mir two lines from Shahnamah; Mnzá Afrásiyáb Jahángï1Shàhl. 25v. Mlrzá Kay'Qu- (margins)Mulrammad Husayn. bád Jahángir'Sháhí. 26r. Pïshraw Khán Sháh'Jaháni. 10v.Muhammad Husayn. 'Abd 27v. Khan-i Khánán al-Rahim. 28r. Qiltj Khán I lr. MuhammadHusayn: quatrain. l8 \,ÍANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EASTó (i992}

1lv. Muhammad Husayn; quatrainand verses. 3v. Original border of Mans[r's chameleon(see below). l2r. Second folio recto from a Qur'án; probably 4v. Dhanráj. Men hunting elephants;animal head Indian. ra. l8th century naskhr: (margins) Persian forms in rocks. versesin na.skht. 5v. La'l. Two Indian ladiesin classicalrobes. l2v. "Sultán '41í MashhadT"(not authentic):verses. 6v. Mukund. An Indian lady and her maids in classi- 'Ali l3r. (centre) al-Kàtib; quatrain;(margins) Muham- cal dress. mad Husayn. 7r. Bhagvatr. A trading caravan rests while a man l3v. (attributed)Mrr'Ali al-Kátib al-SultánT;quatrain (probably Joseph)is raisedfrom a well. 'Íd-i to a king, for Qurban. 8v. Bandr (attributed; poor quality). Man besidea 'Ah 14r. Kashmrrr: Íirst two lines of a Shr'ite NAd pool entertainedwith drink and music. prayerin Arabic. 9r. La'I. A man beneath a canopy near a pool, with 'Ali l4v. al-Kátib. for the son of Ottoman Sultan attendantsand musicians. Báyazrd. 10v.Basávan. Two naked men and a dos bv a tree in l5r. MuhammadHusayn; 1003,1594-5; quatrain. which are two monkeys. l5v. MuhammadHusayn. I lv. Bhagvatr.Falconers relaxing. 16r.Muhammad Husayn. 20r. Kaysu (Kesu). A mother upon a throne with her 16v.Muhammad Husayn. baby held by its nurse. 17r.(top and left) Muhammad Husayn;(right) Muham- 24v. IJnatÍnbuted. Two ascetics(saddhus'l) meditating, mad Husayn Zarrln' qalam. waited upon by youths. 'Alr: l7r. Mir threequatrains. 28 folios; 370 x 238 mm. (largest);342 x 232 mm. l8r. MuhammadHusayn. (smallest).Borders. Unbound. l8v. MuhammadHusayn. 'Ali l9r. a1-Kátib. RCIN 1005068 l9v. Muhammad Husa.vnZarrTn'qalam: 1002 1593-4. Specimensof Persiancailigraphy and Indian miniatures. 20r. Unattributed (Muhammad Husayn'?);verses in ChaghatayTurkish by Husayni. Calligrapht'(33 items)by leading l6th and 17th cen- 'Ali 'lmád 20v.Mrr'A1i al-Kátib. tury scribes,including Mir and al-Hasant. '41ï 'Ali 2lr. al-Kátib. lv. al-Husaynr.Samarqand.932il525-6. 2r. Mrr 'Ah. 'Imád 2l v. Husayn Zarrrn' qalam. 3r. al-Hasanï.l0l8/1609-10. 4v. al-Faqir [Muhammad] 'AlI 'Imád. 'Imád 22r. Mir'Ali. al-Husaynr.Bukhara. 5v. MTr 6r. al- 'Ah: 'Abd 22v. (centre)Mir quatrain; (margins)Muham- Hasanr. 1016/1607-8,for the Emperor. 7v. al- mad Husayn Zarrln' qalam. Rashid al-Daylamr. Versesof Shàh Qásim al-Anvár. 23r. (centre)Mir'Ali: (margins)Muhammad Husayn 8r. Unattributed. Verses and a Hadrth about calli- 'Ali Zarrrn'qalam. graphy. 9v. Sayyid al-Tabrlzl. 1014i1663-4.l0r. 'Ali 'Abd 23v. ntushq-i(i.e. copy after) Sultán (Mashhadi)r al-Rashid al-Daylamr. 1045'1635-6.Verses by versesby Háfi2 and others. Ibn Yamin. 'Abd 24r. Muhammad Husayn:a dictum of ShaykhAb[ a1- llv. al-Rashid.Verses praising Mullà Muham- 'Ali. Gurgánr. mad Saláh.12r. Mir for the son of the Ottoman Qásim 'Ali. 'Ali. 24v. Unattributed: mediocrenashkhí. Sultan BáyazTd.13v. Faqir l4r. Mïr l5v. 25r. Muhammad Husayn; verses.some by Mullà Tálib Unattributed. l6r. HazraÍ-t Mullá Mtr. l6v. Compo- Sipáháni. site page: portrait: several texts, including lines by 25v. Muhammad Husayn Zarrln' qalam. Háfi2 and two in Chaghatay; the smallestnasta'líq is 26r. Nluhammad Husayn Zarrln'qalam; Paper with by Mu'izz al-Dïn (cf. l7r). l7r. Composite page: marbling. portrait; miscellaneousverses, some by Bábá Figháni; 26v. Muhammad Husayn Zarctn'qalam;with marbling. small nasla'ltq by Mu'izz al-Drn Muhammad al- 'Ah. 27r. lJnatlributed: (centre) I.Iadíth in Arabic; thulth: Husaynr. 98511577-8.llv. Mrr l8r. Unattri- (aboveand below) two Persianhalf-lines laid down on buted. Quatrain. l8v. Portrait; miscellaneousverses. a page with marbled border. Unattributed. 19r. Composite:portrait; verses,most 'Ah. 27v. Muhtaram Khán; line of Persianverse on the rise in Chaghatay.Unattributed. l9v. Mrr Quatrain. 'Imád of Yáq[t Khán; marbledborder. Vignettes: birds; peacock holding cobra. 20r. 28r. Muhammad Murád. Two linesof Arabic religious al-Hasanr. 'Imád 'Ali verse in "cloudband" ; interlinear gilding; repeated 2lv. al-Hasanï. 22r. Sayyid al-Hasanr al- flower motifs in marsrns. Tabrrn. Sufi poetry: 6 lines. 23v. Unattributed. Qua- 'Ali. 'Ali. 'Imád train. 24r. Faqrr 25v. Mrr 26r. al- Drav'ings: Hasanr. Quatrain. 27v. Háj11Mulrammad al-Hasanr. lv. La'I. Men by a pool in a courtyard. Religiousprose text with verses(by Muhammad Dih- 'Ah. 2r. Mans[r. Chameleon. dár?). 28r. Mrr Two lines li-vahid min al-akabir. 'Ali 3r. Turk's cap lily and two birds, stream.flowers. 29v. Sultán [Mashhadi].Herat. Versesabout his MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION l9

'more proficient calligraphy at the age of or less' 63. 129v. Rustam throws the King of Mázandarán in 'Ah. 30r. Lines on brotherly conduct and feelings. front of Kay Ká'us. 3lv.'Imàd al-Hasanr.1022i1613-14. 102v.Rustam with the King of Hamávarán. Paintings(31 items)by Mulrammad Panàh and others. 60r. Kay Ká'is in his flying chariot. All are portraits of young ladies. 29r. Rustam and Afràsiyáb speak together across a 2v.3v.4r.5v.6v.7r.8v.9r.10v. llr. l2v. 13r.l4v. l5r. river. l6v. l7r. l8v. l9r. l9v. 20v. 2lr. 22v. 23r. 24v. 25r. 36v. Tahmrnah comesto Rustam'schamber. 26v.27r. 28v.29r. 30v. 3lr. 61v. Rustam reprimandedby Kay Ká'[s. Binding. 18th century Moghul lacquered painted 66r. Death of Suhráb. binding. Fine polychrome and gilt ornamentation. 54v. Kay Khusraw as a child brought before Afrá- Doublures. Front: a royal figure hunting on horse- siyàb. back in hilly country; also seen are a lady riding, 68r. Siyávush'sdeath mourned. another preparing kebab; also birds, deer and a leo- 5lr. Rustam with Surkhah captive. pard: pavilion on the horizon. Back: a scene.in a 69r. Rustam defeatsthe army of Turán. similar landscape,of ladies shooting game. smoking a 37v. Giv finds Prince Kay Khusraw. hookah.four on horseback;white palace on the horizon. 39v. Grv brings Prrán before Kay Khusraw and Faran- gis. 33 folios. 421 x 281 mm.; various stylesof calli- graphy; l8th century painted lacquered binding and 40v. Kay Khusraw, Grv and Farangïscross the Oxus. doublures. See plate 12 for a reproduction of the 27r. Kay Khusraw has a document written for Gïv. painted doublure of the lower cover. 97v. Suicideof Jarrrah on the body of her son Fámd. Provenance: the album formerly belonged to Ásaf 104v.Tfirán's army victorious over Iran. 'arz'drdalz al-Dawlah, Nawab of Lucknow. His appears 105v.Rustam and Tazháv in combat. on a gold-sprinkled flyleaf; it is dated 27 Rabt' al-;anï 50r. Rustam comesto rescuethe lranians. with no year specified.Labels on the cover state that 42v. Rustam shootsAshkábus and his horse. the album was viewed in ll99ll784-5 and 12051 33v. Rustam lassoesKám[s. 1790-91.It was sent to King George III ín 1799, 122v.Rustam chidesPrrán. through Lord Teignmouth, by the British Minister at 124r. Rustam with the captive Kháqán of Chin. Lucknow. 83r. Escapeof Piládvand as Rustam remounts. Published(but ascribedto lTth centuryIran): R.R. 84r. Rustam sleepsbefore the drv Akvàn carries him Holmes. Specimensof royal.fineand historicalbookbin- off. ding selected.fromthe Royal Library, Windsor Castle, 85r. Rustam greetsKay Khusraw after killing Akván. London 1893,p. l5 and plates147-148. 86v. Brzhanfeasting with Manrzhah. l0lv. Manïzhah appealingto the disguisedRustam. 107v.Rustam rescuingBïzhan from a pit. I 13v. Bizhan fights H[màn. Islenrc MINIATURESrN THERoyAL coLLEcrIoN 120r. (above) FarÍburz fights Kulbád; (below) Gïv fights Gurvr. RCIN 1005013 120v.Bzhan fights R['rn. Shuhnumah.Persian. 70r. Bartah fights Kuhram. Iran: Safavid.ca. 1585.88 miniatures. 70v. Gldarz fights Pïrán. 4v. Jamshidon his throne carried by dns. 72v. Buhan finds Gustaham wounded. 5v. Jamshrdsawn in half before Tahhák. 74v. Kay Khusraw fights Shïdah. 8v. Fand[n securesZahhák, watched by Jamshrd's 80r. Fort of Gang'Bihisht taken. sisters. 182r.Kay Khusraw about to beheadAfrásiyáb. l4v. Faridln in the form of a dragon testshis sons. 145v.Kay Khusraw givesup his throne to Luhrásb. l2v. FarTd0n meets the messeneerwho carries the 147r.Kay Khusraw disappearsinto a magic spring. headof Iraj. 213r.Luhràsb speaking with Gushtásb. 19v.Manlchihr killing T[r. 156v.Gushtásb at the court of the Qaysar. 23r. Srmurghbringing Zál back to Sám. 158v.Gushtásb plays polo before the Qaysar. 25r. Zá1.enthroned. with Rudábah and attendants. 178r. Bidarafshkills Zarlr. 26r. Birth of Rustam. 180v.Battle betweenKuhram and Luhràsb. 3lr. Nawdar about to be headedby Afràsiyàb. 187r. Isfandiyár capturesGurgsár. 28r. Rustam enthronedwith Kay Qubác. 188r.Isfandiyár kills lions. 89r. Rustam lifts Afràsiyáb from his saddle. 189r.Isfandiyàr slaysa witch. 52r. Rustam.Rakhsh and lion. 189v.Isfandiyár kills the Srmurgh. 52v. Rustam,Rakhsh and dragon. 166r.Isfandiyár kills Arjásb. 53r. Rustamand the witch. 184r. Rustam and Isfandiyár meet by a river. 53v.Ulád capturedby Rustam. 192v.Isfandiyár wounds Rustam and Rakhsh. 20 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EASTó (]992)

194v. Death of Isfandivár. watched bv Rustam and lr. Bukhara artist; perhapslater 16thcentury. Prince Zà1. enthronedin a pavilion in countryside.with youths 197v.Death of Rustam. drinking wine. 206v. Bahman executesFaràmarz. 16r. Unfinished:outline ink drawing for a miniature. 208r. Rashnavádfinds Dáráb. A man and a youth holding a paper or a book. 212r.Dára, dying,comforted by Iskandar. 202v. Iskandar's envoys seethe daughter of Kayd of RCIN 1005014 Hind. Shahnanuh.Persian 214v.Iskandar visits Qaydáfah in disguise. Iran: Safavid. 17th century. 149miniatures. Descriptions 220v. Ardaván and Ardashrr meet. adaptedand artists'namesderived from B.W. Robin- 224r. Sháplr speakswith Mihrak's daughter. son'sarticleQ : MuhammadQásim;Y : Mulrammad 137v.Tá'ir captivebefore Sháp[r. Ylsuf; H : Malik Husayn Isfaháni. 251v.Battle between Bahrám G[r and the Kháqán of Chin. Miniatures: 255r.Bahrám G[r kills a dragonin India. 5v-6r. Sulaymán and BilqIs enthroned, attended by Àsaf the vizier.jinns, animalsand birds; H. 237r. N[shrrván inspectshis ladies to look for an poets intruder. 15r.Firdawsr and of the Ghaznavidcourt; Y. 263v. Mihrán Sitád, Nushrrvàn'senvoy, before the 33v. Zahhák chainedin a caveby Farid[n: Q. Khàqàn of Chin. 40v. Iraj murderedby Salm and Tlr: Q. 46r. Tur slainby Man[chihr; Y. 233r.Bahrám Ch[brnah defeatsthe army of Sávah. 225r.Khusraw and Bahrám Chlbrnah meet. 47r. Salm slain by Manuchihr: Y. palace: 267r.Battle between Khusrau'and Bahrám Chlbinah. 55v,Zá1at Rldábah's Y. 275v.Khusraw visitsthe castleof Shirin. 69v. Rustamkills a mad elephant:Y. 260r.Mihr Hurmuzd offersto murder Khusraw. 76r. Nawdar captivebefore Afrásiyáb; Y. 250v.Yazdagird murdered in a mill. 78r.Zál shootsKulbád: Y. Published:I. Stchoukine.Ze.r ntiniature.s de.s ntanu- 84r. Rustamlifts Afrásiyábfrom his saddle;Y. st'rit.sde Shah'Abba.i.Paris 1964.p. 136and plateVII. 90r. Rustamchides Rakhsh: Q. B.W. Robinson.'Two Manuscriptsof the "Shahnama" 9lv. Rustam,Rakhsh and a dragon:Q. in the Royal Library. Windsor Castle- 1: Holmes 92v. Rustamand the witch: Y. 94r. 150 (4,5)'. Burlingron Mago:ine. February 1968. Rustamlassoes Utaa: Y. pp. 73-78.idem. Persian miniature puirtting.ft'orn collec- 95r. Rustamfacing a group of drls; Y. tions in the British Isles. London 1967.pp. 62-3. (See 96v. Rustamand the White Dn': Y. alsothe additionalreferences listed there.) 97r. Rustam anointsthe eyesof Kay Ká'[s with the blood of the White Drv:Y. RCrN 1005033 98v. Rustam assailsthe army of Mázandarànwith a uprootedtree; Y. Dívan of lVeva'r.Chaghatay Turkish. 101r. Rustam carries the petrified King of Mázanda- HeraÍ, t'a. 1501-1510.Paintings added ca. 1600; ràn: Y. nine miniatures by Moghul court artists; one later 104r.Marriage of Sldábah and Kay Kà'[s; Y. addition. 105r. Kay Ká'[s captive before the King of Hamáva- 1r. Unattributed. Left half of court scene. rán; Y. 137r.La'l Mukund. A party of lion-hunters. 107r.Rustam lassoing the King of Shàm; Q. 162v.Farrukh. A man carryinga lady who is mounted 109v.Kay Ká'[s in his flying chariot; Q. on horsebackover a stream. 112r.Battle between Rustam and Afràsiyáb;Q. 269v. Manfichihr. A prince or nobleman entertained 120r.Rustam knocks down T[s before Kay Ká'[s; Q. by musicians. 127r.Suhráb intending to kill Rustam; Q. 324r. Sárá(or A prince or noblemanholding an $àrá). 128r.Death of Suhráb;Q. girl (and arrow, attendedby a servant man?). 132r.T[s and Gldarzmeet a maidenin the forest;Q. prince 398v. Shápur. A entertained with music and 136r. Siyávush tempted by his stepmother S[dábah; wine in a finely tiled hall. 449r. Manslr Husayn. Three vignettesfeaturing colour- a 137v.Sldábah complains to Kay Ká'[s; Q. ful Indian birds. 139r.Siyàvush's ordeal by fire;Y. 693r. Men drinking in an eleganttavern. 149r.Siyávush is kindly receivedby Afrásiyáb;Q. 766v. (LaÍer addition.) Flowers. 156v.Siyávush on the polo groundlifts a shirt of mail on hisspear; Q. RCrN 1005017 163r.Murder of Siyávush;Q. Drrc1rtof Háfi2.Persian. 167r.Sudábah slain by Rustambefore Kay Ká'[s; Y. ca. 1600-1610.One miniature. one drawing for a 170r.Písàm lifted from the saddleon Rustam'sspear; miniature. Y. MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION LI

175v. Kay Khusraw and Farangrs watch Grv defeat 376v. Rustam and the Tránians attack the fort of the T[ránians alone;Y. Gang'Bihisht;Y. 177v. Kay Khusraw and Farangrs watch Grv lasso 384v. Kay Khusraw looking at seamonsters; Y. Pïrán:Y. 388v.Hlm capturesAfrásiyáb; Y. 184r.Rustam appears at the court of Kay Khusraw; Y. 390r. Recaptureof Afràsiyáb; Y. 192r. Rrvnrz shot in the head by Fàr[d; Y. 391r. Afrásiyáb and Garstvazare executedbefore Kay 195r. Fàr[d with severedarm fleesto his castlefrom Khusraw; Y. Bïzhan; Y. 398v. Kay Khusraw bids his women farewell; Y. 201v. Withdrawal of the Iranians after their defeat by 409v. Gushtásb plays polo before the Qaysar of Rtm, PIrán: Y. Y. 204v.Tazhàvcaptured by Gïv; Y. 419v.Brdarafsh kills Zark;Y. 209r. T[s fights H[mán; Y. 422v.Isfandiyár kills Brdarafsh;Y. 213v. T[rán army attacking the Iranians on Mount 426r.Isfandiyárchained to the ground;Y. Hamáván;Y. 432r. Isfandiyàrlassoing Gurgsár; Q. 222v. Rustam shooting Ashkabls and his horse; Y. 434v. Isfandiyár and the wolves; Y. 233v. Rustam lassoingthe Kháqán of Chin; Y. 435v. Isfandiyár and the lions; Q. 240v.Pilávand lifts Gïv and Tus from their saddles;Y. 436v. Isfandiyár and the dragon; Q. 242v. Rustam lifts Piládvand over his head; Y. 438r. Isfandiyár and the witch; Q. 245r. Rustam carriesoffthe dil Akván; Y. 439r. Isfandiyár in his armoured chariot meets the 246r. Rustam recoversRakhsh from among the horses Simurgh; Q. of Afrásiyàb; Y. 441v. Isfandiyár kills Gurgsár: Q. 251r. Brzhan feasting with Manrzhah; Y. 443v. Isfandiyár in disguiserecognized by his sisters;Q. 259r. Rustam feastingwith Kay Khusraw; Y. 445r. Isfandiyár kills Arjàsb in the Brazen Hold; Q. 262r. Manlzhah approachesRustam and his men who 452r. Rustam while cooking kicks back the rock rolled are disguisedas merchants;Y. at him by Bahman; Y. 264r. Rustamrescues Brzhan from a pit; Y. 461r.Zavárah kills N[sh'Àgar: Y. 265r. Rustam sacks the palace of Afràsiyàb and res- 465v. Rustam shootsIsfandiyàr in both eyes;Y. cuesManrzhah; Y. 4l2r.Dying Rustam shootsShaghád;Y. 274v.Barzi capturesT[s and Farrburz:Y. 473v.Farámarz burns the bod.vof Shaghád;Y. 276r. Rustam and a comrade rescueTus and Farï- 492v. Isfandiyár receivesgifts from Kay of Hind; Y. burz; Y. 494v.Iskandar slays the lndian King Flr (Porus);Q. 279v.Rustam fights Barzu;Y. 498r.Portrait of Iskandaris paintedfor Qaydáfah(: 283r.Battle between Iranians and T[ránians; Y. Nlshábah); Q. 290r. Barzu leadsthe captive Gurgin; Q. 502v. Iskandar and the dragon; Q. 296r. Barzi's mother intervenesto saveher son from 509r. Babylonians bring lion-headedchild to Iskan- Rustam;Q. dar; Q. 300r. Quarrel of paladinsat a feast; Y. 514v.Ardashïr rides with Gulnár; Q. 308r. Rustam and two companions arrive at the 520v.Haftvád and Shahvi are hangedby Ardashir; Q. palaceof Slsan the witch; Y. 522v. Ardashrrrecognizes his son Shàpur among boys 310v.Rustam and the broken banner;Q. playinghockey; Y. 315r.Pílsam slain by Barzl; Q. 524r.Sháp[r and Mihr'N[sh at the well; Q. 318r. Barz[ asks Kay Khusraw to let him fight Afrá- 535v. Tá'ir brought before Shápur; Y. siyáb; Y. 539v. Qaysar of R[m captive before Sháplr; Y. 320v.Barzi and Afrásiyáb lassoone another; Y. 540v. Qaysar brought to Sháp[r with his ears cut off 324r.Barzu dreaming after killing the Black Drv; Q. and ring in his nose; Y. 331r.Consultation of Prr and Humán; Q. 552v.Bahrám G[r and the lions; Y. 335v. Brzhankills H[mán; Q. 586r. Khvushnavázdefeats and capturesF-ir[z; Y. 337r. Brzhankills Nastrhán; Y. 593r. Executions of Mazdak (hanged) and his fol- 341r. R['in sent as a messengerto Gldarz; Q. lowers (buried alive); Y. 345v. Battle of the Iránians and Tlránians; Y. 600r. Nushirván consults the Magi about war with 350r.Gurvr taken by Giv; Y. Rlm; Y. 351r. Brzhankills R['rn; Y. 607r. Nlshirván examineshis women to find a male 353r.Pirán fightsG[darz,Y. intruder; Y. 356v. Gustaham kills Lahhák and FarshÏdvard; Q. 614v. Two sons of Mahb[d poisoned by food they 359r. Bodies of Lahhák and Farshrdvardbrought to had brought to N[shrrván; Y. Kay Khusraw; Q. 62ft. Mihrán'Sitád, envoy of Nfishírván, sees the 368r. Kay Khusraw kills Shidah. Kháqán's daughters;Y. 370r. Victory of the army of lrán; Q. 627r.Indian envoy demonstrateschess at the court of Nlshrrván: Y. 22 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 11992)

631r.Gáv and Talhandentroned beneath a tree:Y. 6r. Narsingh.Scene of worldly pleasuresin pavilions 639v.Buzurjmihr, blindfolded, divines the contentsof a surroundinga gardenwith a pool. locked casketbrought by the ambassadorof R[m; Y. l2v. Dhanráj. Sultán Husayn Mlrzá holding an out- 647r. The Qaysar'senvoys humble themselvesbefore door feast. Nlshlrvàn: Y. 20v. Glvardhan (Govardhan).The saint Rábi'ah al- 'Adavïyah 661r.Bahrám Chlbrnah shootsSávah: Y. praying at the Ka'bah (background);theo- 665r.Bahrám Chfibrnah whips Parmfidah;Y. logians disputing in and around a mosque courtyard 668r. Bahrám Ch[bInah with the spinning-wheelsent (foreground).M[han (Mohan). Two loyal friends risk by Hurmuzd; Y. death as they stand together in a vain bid to prevent 669r. Bahrám Chlbinah seated before a young fatal combat betweentheir respectivegroups. woman:Y. 35v. Guvardhan (Govardhan).Muhammad Khvárazm- 678r. Khusraw Parvrzand Bahrám Chlbinah parley; Y. sháh and Fakhr al-Drn Ràzr meet at a public bath; 683v. Khusraw Parvïzmeets Bahrám Ch[binah on the askedto describethe Resurrection,Rázï explainsthat bridgeof Nahraván;Y. on that Day. too. rich and poor will be alike in their 684v.Murder of King Hurmuzd: Y. nakedness. 688v. Bahrám Chlbinah cuts down Bahrám. son of Published:H. Suleimanand F. Suleimanova.Miniatu- Siyávush,on the polo groundl Y. res illustrations [sic] o/' Alisher lrlavoi's tt'orks o.f the 691v.Kharràd son of Barzrn.and Andiyán. envoysof XV-XIX c'enturies,Tashkent 1982,pp. 80-87.J. Losty. Irán. beforethe Qaysar:Y. The art o./ the book in India, London 1982,p. 96. 695r. Three warrior of lrán approach the talisman RCIN 1005025 Írgureof Qaysar:Y. 697v. Khusraw and his followers approach a fire- Pd d s h u lm amalr. Persia n. temple;Y. India: Moghul, 1067i1656-7for Sháh Jahán. There 701v. The angel Sumsh rescuesKhusraw from Bah- is somecontroversy over the 22 single-and I I double- ràm ChDbrnah:Y page miniatures.Most are contemporary.Some may 707v. Bahrám Chfibinah kills a lion-ape; Y. be later additions.including a numberwhich illustrate 7llr. Bahrám Chlbinah dies on the lap of his sister eventsnot mentionedin the text. Gardiyahl Y. 2r. TTmur.enthroned. holding crown. 117r. Gardiyah gives Khusraw a cat who rides a 3r. ShàhJahán enthroned. horse:Y. 43r'. Jahángïrembracing Prince Khurram (later Sháh 723v.Bárbad the minstrelbefore Khusraw: Y. Jahán).By Bálchand. 728v. Khusraw about to be capturedby Farrukhzád 46v-47r. A raja submits to Prince Khurram. 46v. by in a garden;Y. La'lchand. 735v. QueenShrrTn before Shiruy; Y. 48v-49r.Jahángïr receivingPrince Khurram. 48v. by 742v. Rustam. generalof the Sasanianarmy, is slain Rám Dás. by the Muslim Arab leader Sa'd ibn Abi Vaqqás at 50v-51r.Sháh Jahán reunited with PrincesDárá Shu- Qádisiyah;Y. k[h, ShAhShujá', and Awrangzïb. 50v. by Bichitr. 'Two Published:B.W. Robinson, manuscriptsof the 70v-71r.Ceremonial weighing of SháhJahán. By Bola. "Shahnama"in the Royal Library, Windsor Castle- 72v. Sháh Jahán receivingthree officers.By Bálchand. 2: Holmes l5l (A/6)', Burlington Maga:ine. 92v. Siegeof the fort of Dharur in Deccan. February1968, pp. 133-138. 94v. Execution of Khán-i Jahán Ludi and his co- ident, Persian miniature painting .front collections in conspirators.ey'Ábid. 'Ali the British Isles,London 1967.p. 70. (Seealso referen- 98v. Sháh Jahán receivesMuhammad Beg, emis- ceslisted there). sary of the Safavid Shah SaÍï. 'Bah Habïb Ma'r[f, "daí'tar" nigartd chand nigar', 102v. Fort of Qandahár in Deccan under siege.By l{ctshr-idanish, Year l0 no. 4 (Tehran, Khurdad-TTr Payàg. 1369i1990, pp.34-43. ll6v. Portugueserepresentatives surrender to Sháh Individualpaintings published: see B.W. Robinson. Jahán. 0rl. cií. l17r. Moghul forces take the Portuguese-occupied port of Hooghly. RCIN 1005032 l20v-121r. Processionbefore the marriage of Dárá Hantse( Khamsahl of Nevá'r (Navá'i). ChaghatayTur- Shuknhat Akbarabad. kish. Text datedHerat,897 i1492. l22v-123r.Muhammad Shujá' and Awrangzrb with Miniatures: India: 6 Moghul miniaturesby leading oÍicials in procession take wedding gifts to Dárá I 7th century artists. Shuklh; front riders pass into the Fort. l22v by 5v. Nánhá and Manawhar (Manohar). Christian Muràd. Resurrection scene: Christ, the Virgin Mary, and l24v-125r. Celebrationof Dárá Shukfih's weddins. angelsin Heaven. with fireworks. MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTStN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION L-) l26v-I2lr. Marriage of Muhammad Shujá': proces- l3l miniaturepaintings: most depicthorses of various sion and celebration. types and colours; a few depict mules and donkeys. 134r. Awrangzïb, aged 15, spearing a stampeding Folios 26r-41r,44r-87v. tetheredelephant. By Bàlchand. 135v. Prince Khurram and Jahángrr striking the lion Horses: (ghur- which threw down Aníp Singh. 26r. Bahím-i shamah:dark brown, white mark 144r. Fort of Dawlatábád. with its three encircling rah\ on brow: stallion. ghurrah walls.By Murád. 26v. Yak chasm-ilatím: chestnut,larger cover- 147v.Muhammad Shujá' takes leaveof Sháh Jahán ing right eye; mare. on settingout for Deccan.By Murád. 2Tr. Ghurra ghashr:dark brown, white spot covering 165r.Sháh Jahán shooting deer, colourful sky. both eyes:stallion. and 166v. Servantsof Sháh Jahán travelling from Lahore 27v. h[ughrib: dark tan, large spot over one eye to Akbarabad; they carry a leopard on a bullock cart, eyebrow;stallion. both and bannersdepicting a lion. 28r. Mughrib al-isnayn:dark tan. white spot over l7.lr. Capture of the forts of Andlchah and Dhar- eyes;mare. m[ni. By Mrr Dlst. 28v. Ghurr-i shavukh:black, midsize white spottapering 176v.Sháh Jahán is shown the headsof Jujhár Singh from top, from eyesto tip of nose: mare. and his sonJasrai. 29r. Ghurr-i sa-vil:black, with long narrow white spot 192r,'.Jahángir (?) receivingdignttaries. from brow to tip of nose; mare. 194v.Jahángir (?) greetingPrince Khurram (?) By 29v. Ghurr-i ashrakh: dark brown, spot reachingend Murád. of nose:stallion. part 195r.Sháh Jahán holding audience. 30r. Ghurr-i nruta:irr: black. spot narrow on of 204v. Sháh Jahán's generalreceiving hostages from a face.broad on another:stallion. besiegedcity. 30r'. l'u::-i ttttutrlatr':dark tan. u'ith spot running 205v-206r.Shàh Jahán, arriving at Ajmer with retinue from brow to betweene1.esl sta11ion. term and Dárá, is met by the keeperof the shrine. 3lr. Ghurruh-'intunqaÍr': dark brown. alternative 214v. Sháh Jahàn receivingAwrangzrb. By Payág. for any ghurrahon brow; stallion. ghuruah'i spot ex- 217v. Shàh Jahàn investingAwrangzrb with honours. 3lv. Second munqatí':dark brown, nose; mare. By Payág. tending from below eye to tip of 'us.furt: both 218v. Celebrationsfor the wedding of AwrangzTbat 32r. Ghurrah-'i dark brown. spot over face; mare. Akbarabad: men on terrace,ladies below, flreworks in eyesand entire width of centre of as the background. 32v. Ghurr-i ash'ar: dark brown, tiny spot appears 220v. Lion hunt: nets surround a lion and lionessas white hairsover brow: mare. larger spot between they strive to protect their cubs. By Payág. 33r. Ghurr-i ntu'amman:dark tan, Published:Holmes, op. cit., p. 16 and plate 149; eyesup to brow; stallion. dark Milo C. Beach, The Grand Mogul: imperial painting in 33v. Ta.i and att'sakh: white crown and tail, India, Williamstown, Mass.. 1978, pp. 78-85, 184. brown: stallion. white brow and taii; mare. J.P. Losty, The art o.fthe book in India. London, 1982, 34r. A.shghul:dark brown. pp.99-101.Translation: W.E. Begleyand Z.A. Desai. 34r'. Mujntul ul-arba': dark brown, white marks on eds., The Shah Jahan |lama o.f' Inavat K/lal. New and aboveall four hooves:mare. brown. legs white to Delhi, 1990. 35r. Mu.jntalal-ntujannab: dark aboveall four knees:stallion. RCrN 1005020 35v. Mujmal al-a'zam: white on one foreleg to above knee.dark tan; stallion. 121611802. Dtvan-i Khaqan. Persian.Iran: Qájàr 36r. Mujmal al-aqfar: one front leg white to above the 2 miniaturesby Mrrzá BábàNaqqásh'báshi. knee,dark brown; stallion. founder l2v. Portraitof Àqá MuhammadKhán Qájár, 36v. Muhujjal al-mast'ar: both forelegs white up to of the Qájárdynasty and fatherof the author. knees:dark brown stallion. 'Ah poems. 13r.Portrait of Fath Shah,author of the 37r. Muhajjal al-ntasrul:all four feet and legswhite to painting Published:B.W. Robinson,Persian míniature above knees;chestnut stallion. 1967,pp. from collectionin the British1sles, London 37v. Muhajjul al-muzfar: some whitenesson one hind 78-9;and referenceslisted there. Sir William Ouseley, leg; stallion. Travels into various countriesoJ the East, vol. 3, 38r. Muha.jial-i arjul: whiteness on one foreleg (text London1823, p.372. sayshind leg);dark brown horse. 38v. Muhajjal al-rat,amihva mutlaq al-savamill,some (II) RCIN 1OO5O3I whitenesson both hind legs;deep red stallion. Faras'namah.Persian. 39r. Muhajial al-sat,amihva mullaq al-ravantift:white- Afghanistan,Probably middle to later l9th century. nesson both forelessrdeep red stallion. ')Á MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EASTó (I992)

39v. Muhajjal al-1'anttnarnva mutlaq al-baravn. white- 55v.Ashhab-i marshush. or zabaní:white-grey with red ness on one foreleg and one hind leg; dark brown or black patches(khAD all over body; stallion. stallion. 56r. Buz-i surkh: white, with red hairs; stallion. 40r. Muhaj.jalal-baravn mLttlaq al-t'amínat'n: whiteness 56v. Buz-i kuhlí, or buz-i surma'r: white, with black on left fore- and hind leg; deep red stallion. mane,tail and extremities:stallion. 40v. Ashghal: whitenessjust above all four hoofs: 57r. Bu:-i mudannar:white, with red marks fthAl all dark brown stallion. over body. 4lr. Muhcunmal: whitenesssome way above all four 57v. Ashhab-i susaní:white, with yellowish-redhairs hoofs; deepred stallion. all over: stallion. 44r. Adltant-inuní: reddish-black:stallion. 58r. As/ar: very bright yellow, almost gold (herepainted 44v. Adham-i .iunr: more red. less black Íhan nunt: gold). some black mottling on body, mane and tail; stallion. [Not illustra|ed: Adhctm-iahva: less black stallion. than .jt1ní.with red around nostrils.] 58v. lAslar-i mashhurl: yellow, with black hairs. 45r. Adhant-isubh: lessblack than ahvá, reddish nos- yellowish-whiteneck, mane and tail; stallion. trils. yellowish-redhypochondria: mare. 59r. As.far-imashhur (again): yellow. black mixed with 45t,. Aclhant-iahamm: black except for red (near to yellow on crown. tail, and brow; stallion. ailn) nostrils:stallion. 59v. As/ar-i mushhur'.yellow. with black hairs mingled 46r. Ashclar:red inclining to yellow, saffronish,with with yellow on brow. crown and tail; stallion. black line along the back. 60r. As/ar-i ntuclannar:yellow. very yellow body, 'moles' 46v. Ashqar-i bc1fir:red inchning towards black. with llke drnar coins same colour as body, white brow, black predominant:stallion. mane and tail (herewith black lower face and legs); 47r. A.shqor'-itlanu: yellou,ish red: stallion. stallion. "red": 47v. Ashqar-iamghar'. pure stallion. 60v. As./ar-isumandí: yellow tending to red, with black 'irnanrult) 48r. Ashqar-i av'kall: red with whiteness on head. line (known to expertsas from shouldersto brow and tail. tail: stallion. 48v. Ashqar-i asdá: llke adbas (brownish-red).but a 6lr. As./ur-iHabushr'.lighter yellow. blacknesssimilar purer red. to samandt:stallion. 'pure 'irsz: 49r. Kumayt-i surkh: red' bay (here dark red- 61v.AsJar-i very yellow. "almost deep red (surkh),,. dish); stallion. near weasel-colour('irs), rasu colour, with similar but 49v. Kumayt-i surkh-i muhajjal: deep red bay, with lessblack: stallion. some whiteness on legsand brow; stallion. 62r. Asjur-i qullah: slightly darker and lessyellow than 'ir.sl 50r. Kumavt-i akhlaJ':deep red bay, mixed with black. between the latter and samandí. 50v.Kumayt-i ahvá,or abkar..deep red bay with some 62v. As.far-iHaravr'. yellow tending to white, lighter black hair and blacknesson mane, lower legs. hoofs tail and mane: stallion. and tail: stallion. 63r. Aklt:ar-i allantm: green all over, lighter than 51r. Kumal't-i ahamm: bay like aht'á but with very duy:uj (seebelow,). i.e. ash grey-b1ue.especially around black face,hairs and tail; stallion. nostrils:stallion. 5lv. Kuma-vt-imudammá: much lighter red bay. with 63v. Aklt:ur-i uthal: bluish-grey with greenish tint, light red hairs, vermilion colouring, greenishnostrils black mane. lower legs,tail. ear points, etc.; stal- and thighs;stallion. lion. 52r. Kumayí-i mashvt:lightish deepred, with no white- 64r. Akhzar-i aw,raq:ash-grey predominates over green eness:stallion. (sob:1, tending to azure lluivarttt), deep black line 52v. Kumayt-i vardí: lighter bay, more ashqar Íhan from headto tail: stallion. surkh, with some traces of whiteness,black mane, 64v. Dav:aj: body colour llke ahantm. but with ash- lower legsand tail; stallion. grey face, ears. nose; whole body often azure-grey; 53r. Ashhab-iabyaz: yellowish red with an admixture stallion. of pure white; mare. 'azru': 65r. Ablaq-i piebald with much whitenessall 53v. Ashhab-imulamma''. very white-grey,with some over exceptneck and head; stallion. black and red hairs; stallion. 65v. Ablaq-i mutarraf'.piebald, white head and neck. 54r. Khaljun: veÍy white grey, few black hairs, no red; remaindercan be any colour (here yellowish red with stallion. black tail); stallion.See plate 7. 54v. Ashhab-iqartasí: very white coat and hair, similar 66r. Ablaq-i munaqqat: piebald. can be any colour; to white of Aw,sàkh; grey-eyed often in one eye or near-identicalpattern all over body; here three horses both: stallion. together,mottled black, dark brown, and light brown; 55r. Ashhab-i am'at: very white, with small spots two stallions.See plate 7. coveredwith hairs; horse needsto be clad for protec- 66v. Ablaq-i ajva/': piebald. belly entirely red or (as tion from animals: stallion. here)black, in contrast to rest of body (herewhite but for maneand tail); stallion. MLHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTS ]N THE BRITISH ROYAL COLLEC]TION l)

67r. Ablaq-i mulammct".piebald, mottied in two colours 76v. Abraq: yellowish orange-brown (some blackness equally (herewhite and deep red); stallion. here), betweensabz and ashqar: ma\e. 67v. Ablaq-i muharnas: piebald with red ears and 77r (above). Ashqar: reddish light grey ("ashqar in brow, remainderin any two colours (heredark brown donkeyshas some red and white"): male. and white); stallion. 77r (below). Zal,tunt'.darker blackish-grey"between 68r. Ablaq-i aynat: piebald, white belly, remainder in black and ashqar" (here with black mane, lower legs, any contrasting colour (here deep red, with black tail); male. extremities): stallion. 68v. Ablaq-i akhraj piebald, white back and belly, Hor.ses.Maqaluh 3, bAb 2: types of horses that are remainderin contrast (here reddish-brownwith black dislikedor weak. maneand tail). 78v. Zahanr-'i mubqo': grey, black hairs in tongue- 69r (above).Ahlaq-i tan: piebald,rump in two colours shapedmottled patternsall over body. (hereblack and white. the remainderwhite). 79r (above).Rasu:'weasel-coloured'. yellowish: mare. 69r (below). Ablaq-i tan (again'),rump often (as here) 79r (below).Buz: blue-grey;stallion. yeilowish-red, 79v (above).Elephant-grey (dark grey);stallion. ushqar or maygun-i surkh (deep wine- 'Lion-coloured': red);stallion. 79v (below). tawny, with black mark- 69v. Ablaq-i tan (.again),often. as here, in two colours ings all over. equally (here white and red. with black mane and 80r (above). Deep reddish-brown,scattered brown tail): stallion. hairson bell1":stallion. 70r.Ablaq-r srs: freckled piebald. large and smallspots 80r (below). Dark brou'n. with over forty teeth (here (nuqtah) scatteredover neck. around eyes. on rump uith black mane.lou'er 1egs. tail): stallion. (herewhite horsewith red spots). 80v (above).Deepish red. with very protruding teeth; stallion. 70v. fAhrash-i] sunabí: speckled.in a "blend of all colours", with spots (khaldar), the hairs being red, 80v (below). Adham (dusky black) with whitenessin black. white and yellow (heremainly grey and white); palate; stallion. stallion. 8lr (above).Stallion (here dark brown) with mark of 7lr. Abrash-imulamma': dappled,like sunàbïbut with contrastingcolour on testes. large white blotches like brand-marks, together with 8lr (below). Horse with contrasting patch on brow deep red (here brownish with grey-white blotches. (here with black mane, lower legs, tail also); stal- black lower legsand tail): stallion. lion. '7|v. Ahrash-intat'gin-í durra.í'shan: dappledl either (a) 81v (above).Mark of contrastingcolour on eachtestis white or (b) black and wine-redin equal proportion (herebrownish-white body. black extremities). (herewhite with evenred sheenall over): stallion. 8lv (be1ow).Circular markings below eyes (here black T2r. Abrush(no other name): black. speckledall over stallion). (herespeckled with white dots). 82r (above).Circular markings either side of rump near tail (deepred stallion). Mules: 82r (below). Circular markings near hoofs (black 72v. Davzaj: deepred, black mane,lower legsand tail; horse). male. 'black- 82v (above).Circular markings on lower jaw (brown Adgham: inclined to black (usually 73r. ash-grey horse with black mane, lower legs,tail). faced'), tinged with green (here black mane, lower 82v (below). Circular marks on chin (red-yellowstal- legs.tail); male. lion with black mane, lower legs,tail). 73v (above). Ashqar: red tending to yellow or white, 83r (above). Teeth curved like a boar's tusks (dark- l1keashqar horse; male. grey stallion). 73v (below). Aqmar: pure white except for parts of 83r (below). Teeth along which black lines run (red- face,ears, mane and tail; female. yellow stallion with black mane,lower legsand tail). 74r. Yellowish brown, with black extremities; Qullah: 83v. Da'irah-'i muqavvad:round mark on neck near male. mane (black stallion). 74v (above). Ashhab: greyish-white,black mane and 84r (above).Da'irah-'i muqa"ah: round mark on one tail: male. side of breast (red-yellow stallion with black mane, 74v (below). Da1'7aj:greenish-grey (not green as in 'cloud-coloured' lower legs.and tail). adgham).with a (abrl line (here black 84r (below). Da'irah-'i nafrzah:round mark (here black) mane,lower legs,tail); male. on both sidesof breast: stallion. Donkeys'. 84v (above). Da'irah-'i nath: round mark on middle of 75r. [Light grey],mixed; male. brow (deepred stallion). 75v. Ashhab:blackish and reddishgrey; male. 84v (below). Da'irah-'i liham: round mark below ear 76r. Two together: (a) asvad: black, with white belly or throat (dark brown stallion). (not shown); (b) akhzar,light grey, yellowish,between 85r. Da'irah-'i qali': round mark on flank or shoulder sabz and ashqar:males. (deepred stallion). 1-O MANUSCRIPTS OF THE MIDDLE EAST 6 íI992)

85v. Da'irah-'i tanaffus: round mark near nostrils lT. 62r: Akbar al-Dawlah.Bahá' al-Dawlahand Amrr (blackstallion). al-Dawlahpetitioning the Prince; 1258.1842-3. 86r. Da'irah-'i khvurd: round mark betweengroin and 18. 66v: No caption. The Prince and lady, small scrotum (deepred stallion). Írgures in spacioussetting by tanks in palace court- 86v. Da'irah-'i najiz: round mark on scrotum (deep yard. red stallion with black mane). l\iote; íhere is no ntiniature nttntheredl9 in the ms.,' 87r. Da'irah-'i latahvah (?): round white mark on t'rttntber.sgit'en helott' di/Jèr/iont those in the nts. itself. brow, only on black horses. 19. 69r: The Princewelcomed to a banquetby Nigár 87v.Da'irah-'i muharl'a: round mark closeto hairs of Mahall Sáhibah;1260r1 844-5. brow below veins (red-brown stallion). 20.76r: Bashrral-Dawlah given robe of honour by the Prince:1260,1844-5. 21. 82r: The Princeand Qutb al-Dawlahplaying sitar RCrN 1005035 privately:1260, 1844-5. 'I.shqnamah. Urdu. A poem by Wajid Ali Shah (Vájid 22. 85v: Yásmin Mahall Sáhibah with the Prince; 'Ali Shah), King of Oudh, on his life and loves as a l2s9 I 843-4. prlnce. 23. 87r': Mastur [.src]Malikah ParrvashBilqis al-Nisá Lucknow. India. Dated 1266 1849-50. with the Prince:1259 1843-4. The 103 miniaturesare numberedbelow becausethe 2,1.89r: Mast[r [.ric]Malikah Iklil al-Nisá with the numbering found in the ms. is for the most part Prince:1159 I 843-.1. incorrect.The datesgiven refer to the eventsdepicted. 25. 91r: Sulrán-iJahán Mahall Sáhibah with the not to the paintingsthemselves. Prince:1259, 1843-.1. 'Ali, l. 4r: Rahrmanon a bed calling PrinceVájid then 26. 93v: Late Máhrukh Begam with the Prince; 1260,. a youngboy, to her side;1251i 1835-6. 1844-5. 2. 6v: Imaginary scene: Amrran with the Prince; 27. l}lr: Mirzá Sikander Hashmat with the Prince I 250,I 834-5. watchingdancers and musicians;1260/1844-5. 3. 9v: The Prince with Bannu Sàhibah Mugha- 28. 1l0r: Navváb SáhibBahádur, Daróghah Najm al- [sicl 'Azrm láni: 1252,1 836-1 . Nisá. Alláh Kamrdàn and Yanr-i Tavá'if call 4. l2r: The Prince falls in love with a visitor: Hájji on the Prince:1260.1844-5. Khánum with an infant chiid; the Prince's grand- 29. 113v:Najrb al-Dawlah.Vahrd al-Dawlah, Tahsrn mother Marl'am Markánr f.iirj is haloedand smoktng al-Daulah and Razr al-Daw'lahcome to sing; the a hookah:1250 1834-5. Prince sits behind curtain uith ladies.holding sitar: 5. l5r,: Imámi Khánum bringingÁtUn Ha1lrKhánum 1259,1843-4. to meetthe Prince;1250r1834-5. 30. 1l7v: The Princelistens to music with Najm al- 6. l7r: fláj1i Khánum Habashryahgives the Prince an Nisá, Sultán Mahall Yásmrn, Máhrukh Begam, H[r ivory comb as shetakes her leave;1250/1834-5. Mahall, Najíb al-Dawlah, Qutb al-Dawlah, Razr al- 'Ali T. 2lr: Enthronementof Muhammad Sháh and Dawlah, Vahid al-Dawlah, Tahsrn al-Dawlah. Bahá' 'lzzaï investitureof the Prince; 125311837-8. al-Dawlah, Nishát al-Dawlah, Mast[rah, and 8. 25r: Imaginary sceneof M[ti (Moti) Khànum in Mukhlis Sáhibah; 1259| 1843-4. love with the Prince: 1255,1839-40.In this and all 31. 12lv: The Prince in a room with Munná and 'A1ï following miniatures.Prince Vájid has a grey halo Darfighah (Daroghah) Najm al-Nisá; 125911843-4. edgedwith gold. 32. l25v: The Prince plays sitar with Dar[ghah, Munná, 9. 32v: SáhibKhánum, a singer.shows the Princethe and others;Anrs al-Dawlahplays tabla; 125911843-4. burn on her thigh and receives sympathy: 1257i 33. l28v: Munnà, her wrists tied, brought to the l84l-2. Pnnce; Diyánat al-Dawlah in attendance; 1259i 10. 36r: Masturah Khurd Mahall, sitting and playing I 843-4. a game with the Prince and a lady, falls in love with 34. l32v: Dilrubà Mahall in a courtyard before the him: 1255,1839-40. Prince; 1260 1844-5. 11. 38v: MasturahMalikah Mihrtan Afsar al-Nisá 35. l39v: SarfarázMahall invited by the Prince to sit Nishát,with flowersin front of her face,before the with him; 126111845-6. Prince; I I 2]551I 839-40. 36. 142r: Màh'Liqá Mahall enters presenceof the 12.4lv: Accessionof Amjad'Alï Shahand investiture Princewho, sitson a sofa on a dais; 125911843-4. of the Princeas Heir Apparent;1258 1842-3. 37. l43r:'Ajá'ib Khánum invited by the Princeto sit 13.47t': Mrrzá SikanderHashmat (the Prince'sbro- with him in a garden; 126ll1845-6. ther)arrives; Mast[rah also present; 125911843-4. 38. l45r: Caption: Shabth-iraftan-i dargah. Procession 14. 52v Imaginaryscene of Najm al-Nisábefore the of men in groups carrying ladiesof the court. through Prince:1259 i1843-4. a bazaar area of Lucknow in palanquins: food and 15.56v: Amïr al-Dawlahwith thePrince; 1259i1843-4. spiceshops in background.No date. 16.59r: Mast[rah Sur[r al-Sultánand lady musicians 39. 152v:Tirchhi Ján Mahall with the Prince: 126li with thePrince: 1259i1843-4. I 845-6. MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION 27

40. l54r: Masttrah and Malikah Táj al-Nisáinvited 64. 228r: Hlr Mahall, grieving.awarded a robe of to sit with the Prince;126111845-6. honour by the Prince after the death of her son; 41. l55r: Iftikhár al-Nisàbefore the Prince:l26li t262it846-7. I 845-6. 65. 230v: Princethreatens servants with a whip (taziy,a- 42. l57r: Dildàr Mahallenters royal presence. 126ll nah-'i flaydarl: $ábit al-Dawlah, Vahháj al-Dawlah, 'Ali 'Ali l 845-6. Haydar and Nigár beg him for forgiveness; 43. 158v: Huz[r Mahall beforethe Prince; 12601 t262i1846-7. I 844-5. 66.233r: A woman. her handstied to a tree.has her 44. 165r:Malikah Mah-i 'Alam entersroyal presence;hair shaved off on the Prince's order as a warning; 1261i1845-6. t262it846-7. 45. l68v:Musicians indoors holding instruments: Tahsrn 67. 238r: SarfarázMahall dances;the Prince plays 'Ali al-Dawlah,Ghulàm Nabï Khán, Musábib al-Dawlah, tabla. Vahháj al-Dawlah and Nigár play sarangt; Mutr' al-Dawlah,Mulrammad Hasan Khán, Musta- watchingare Razt al-Dawlah,Vahrd al-Dawlah, Najrb qrm al-Dawlah,Iláhi'Bakhsh Khán, Vahïd'Ali Khán, al-Dawlah.and Haydar'Ali: 1262i1846-7. 'Alr Niqár Khàn, and Sáhibal-Dawlah; 126211846-7. 68. 239r: SarfarázMahall. asleep.massaged by the 46. l74v: Khvurshïd'LiqàAmïr Mahall entersthe Prince; 12621846-7. Prince'spresence; 1262 I 1846-7 . 69. 240r: The Prince eating with Sarfaráz Mahall: 41. 176r: Khvurshrd Mukhlis Sáhibah before the 1262i1846-7. Prince;1262 1846-7 . 70. 241v: The Prince holds Sarfará2.who has been 48. l84v: iateSikandar Mahall enters royal presence, taken ill; 1262i1846-7. t263 t847-8. 71.242v: Mastlrah. Nishát and Darlghah speakwith 49. l88r: The Princeand Razïal-Dawlah sit weeping the Princein a garden;126211846-7. by a river; 126li1845-6. 72.245v:The Princereclines with his headon the foot 50. l90v: Bihtar al-Nisá.with other iadiespresent, of Sarfaráz Mahall, watched by Hur, Yasmin, Máh' entertainsthe Princeto a meal; 125911843-4. Rukh and Sardàr Khánum; 126211846-7. 51.I92r: Matb[' al-SultánBegam enters the Prince's 73. 249v: The Prince speaksto Vahháj al-Dawlah presence;1260 I 1844-5. (prostrate), Sábit al-Dawlah. Anis al-Dawlah, and 52. l93v: Altáf al-Sultánenters the Prince'spresence; Razr al-Dawlah; British soldier in background: 1262i 1260i 1844-5. 1846-7. 'Ináyat 53. l95v: Àrám al-Sultàn beforethe Prince; 74.251v: Mrr Ahmad singsa threnody(ntarsít'ah) and 1260i 1844-5. Gawhar presentsa petltionto the Prince 1262i1846-1. 'Àlam] 54.l97r: Árám al-Sultánand Zayn al-Nisà before the 75. 256r:Ma'sh[qah-'i Khass IMáh-i sitson Prince;126li1845-6. sofa and speaksuith the Prince: 1262t1846-1. 'Àlam 55. 198v:Árám al-Sultànand Muti' al-Sultánbefore 76. 258r: Máh-i stands holding the Prince's thePrince: l26li 1845-6. hand: Lucknow in background 1262i1846-7. 56. 200r: Ráhat a1-Sultánbefore the Prince;1260r 77. 26lr: Dildár Mahall receivesan order from the 1843-4. Prince; British soldier in background: 1262i1846-7. 5'7.204v: Mast[rah Mahall (faceinvisible, haloed) 78. 263v: The prince standsholding Sarfaráz'swrist in with the Princeon dais; Diyánat al-Dawlahstands; ornateroom; 126211846-7.See plate 11. attendantand Britishsoldier at door in background; 79. 269r: Ladies silently seated with the Prince in 'Ajá'ib, l26ti t84s-6. chamber: Huzfir, Máh'Rukh, Sardár, Khvur- 58.205v: Diyánat al-Dawlah and Gulbunal-Dawlah shrd,Dilruba, 126211846-7 . beforethe Prince;126111845-6. 80.27|v: Dilrubá showsthe Princeher arm, hurt by a 59. 209r: Sharif a1-Mulk,as Colonel Hàjjr Sharif, sitar plectrum, and receivessympathy; 126211846-7. drilling British soldiers,watched from roof by the 81. 275r: The Princeintervenes to stop a fight between 'Àlam Princein militaryattire; 126111845-6. Sarfaráz and Máh-i on terrace overlookins a 'Alï 60. 2llr: Za'ir al-Dawlah, Hájjï Bilál Khán, garden: 126211846-7. DarDghah,Máh'Rukh Begam, Yásmin, and Mah'Liqá 82.2'79r:The Princeweeping as he looks at a portrait seekthe Prince'sleave to visit Kerbala;126ll1845-6. of Sarfará2,who then appears; 126211846-7. 61. 215r: Nlr'Afshán Karbalá'i bringsthe Princea 83. 282r: Sultán-i Jahàn shows the Prince a burn on smallgift; 1260i 1844-5. her thigh and receivessympathy 126211846-7. 62. 218v:The Princeawards robes of honourto Qutb 84. 289r: Dancers, musicians and spectatorsin gar- al-Dawlah,Razï al-Dawlah, Najrb al-Dawlah and Vahrd den; palacein background; 126211846-7. al-Dawlahon theirconversion to Shr'ism;126111845-6. 85. 302r: Party with fireworks: the Prince with Máh-i 'Alam, 63. 22lv: an imposïor (naqqa[)with a sabrebeing Sikandar Mahall, Anrs al-Dawlah, Razr al- dealtwith by Razïal-Dawlah and Vahhàjal-Dawlah, Dawlah, Vahid al-Dawlah, Najrb al-Dawlah, Qutb al- watchedby Qutb al-Dawlahand $ábit al-Dawlah; Dawlah, Nishát al-Dawlah, Musáhib al-Dawlah, Mutt t263i 1847-8. al-Dawlah, Sáhib al-Dawlah, Mustaqrm al-Dawlah, 28 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 (I992)

Tahsrn al-Dawlah, Sábit al-Dawlah. Vahháj al-Daw- 93v: The Princeon elephantin processionat a melain 'Ah 'Ah, 'yogis': lah, $aná and Vahrd in fancy dressas Mina Bazaar; with troops, most in British uniform: 126211846-7. spectatorsflank the route; 1262i1846-7. 86. 306r: The Prince, RaTi al-Dawlah, Qutb al-Daw- 94. 339v: Court ladieswith dancersand musiciansat lah and Anrs al-Dawlah arrive at house of Chholr, outdoor party on night of full moon; the Princeis not tribal dancer and musician,by night; 1262i1846-1. present;1262i1846-7. 'Ah 87. 307r: Chholi falls in love with the Prince who 95. 357r: Coronation (julus) of Vájid as King; strokes her cat; Qutb al-Dawlah, Razr al-Dawlah. small angelson palace chamber bear the crown; the Anrs al-Dawlah, and Vahid al-Dawlah in attendance. Residentis the soleBriton present;1263i1847-8. 88. 3l3r: The Princeplays sitar, and AnIs al-Dawlah ltioÍe: in tlrc rentainingntiniature.s King Vojid'Alt w'eors tabla, next to a prostitute, with Razr al-Dawlah, Qutb u cro\t'n. 'Álam al-Dawlah, Vahháj al-Dawlah and $àbit al-Dawlah; 96.376v: Khusraw Begamand Mumtáz-i Qay- 1262it846-7. sar Begamwith the King; 1263i1847-8. 'Àlam 89. 3l7r: Màh-i strikes a watchman with a 97. 379r: Matlub al-SultánBegam before the King; golden whip in the Prince's presenceas penalty for t263i t847-8. making a falseaccusation; 126211846-7. 98. 380v: Huzur al-Sultán Umráw (Umrao) Begam 90. 319r: Darughah is refused an audience, 1262i beforethe King: 1263i1847-8. t846-1. 99. 382r: Bàdhsháh Begam with the King; 1263i 91. 322v: The Princebestows robes of honour upon I 817-8. 'Ah. Amïr al-Dawlah.Munshr Ja'far AnTsal-Dawlah. 100. ,107r':Mughul Sáhibah with the King; 1263i 'Ah Rawshan Khán. Razi al-Dawlah. Rája Káshi I 817-8 Rám. Diyánat al-Dawlah.Mirzà Husayn'Ali. Mas'[d l0l.,tl5r,: Mahb[bah-'i'Álam fallsfrom the carriage 'Ali and $ábital-Dawlah; 1262 i1846-7. while riding in Bágh-i Mubárak with the King and 92. 326r:Night party outsidea pavilion.The Princewith ladies;1263i1847-8. Sikandar Hashmat and ladies: Dildàr Mahall, Shá- 102.428v: The King forcing [Umráw] Begam Sáhibah 'IzzaÍ, hansháh,Sardár, Sarfará2.Mast[rah, Yasmrn, to vomit after sheate opium and felt ill; 1265/1849-50. Dilrubá. H[r. Máhrukh; Razr al-Dawlah,Vahid al- 103.430r: Mughul Sáhibahhaving burnt her thigh, Dawlah and Najrb al-Dawlah present; other ladies the King inspectsit and sympathizes;126411848-9. watch from a pavilion; 1262i1846-7. MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY, ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION 29

Pfate L Nasrhat al-ummah.RCIN 1005006,f. 52v. Holo- graph colophon and conclusionof text, wherein the author contends that more than one man can bear the title of Mahdi. Sudan, 129911882. ep5l !'r' ,i!- ,i' !' .t i,

Plare2. Shurhal-Tastií. RCIN 1005007,f.2v-3Í. Openingoftext. showingthe maÍginalia.some ofwhich are written in arcs.Ottoman Empire.93?/1531 MUHAMMAD ISA WALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTSIN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION 1t

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Plate 8. Dav'lat'namah.RCIN 1005031.f. 209r. Illuminated opening of text. Afghanistan, 19th century. MUHAMMAD ISAWALEY. ISLAMIC MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISHROYAL COLLECTION 37

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'lshqnantah. 'Ali RCIN 1005035.f. 263v. PrinceVájid with SarfarázMahall. Lucknow. 1266 1849-50 40 MANUSCRIPTSOF THE MIDDLE EAST6 (I992)

Plate 12.Moghul album of calligraphyand miniatures.RCIN 1005068,painted doublure of lowercover. Moshul. lSth centurv.