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Handbook of Iron Meteorites, Volume 3

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Handbook of Iron Meteorites, Volume 3 Plymouth - Prambanan 989 fissures along which weathering could easily proceed to COLLECTIONS produce 0.1-1 mm wide limonite veins. It takes only little Vienna (main mass), London (26 g) . imagination to conceive that these cracks could have been fotmed simultaneously with another large crack that led to ANALYSES the formation of another, much larger and still undiscov­ From a cursory examination it appears that the mass ered fragment, the mass which was reburied by the farmers. must contain 6.6±0.2% Ni and 0.20±0.05% P. Plymouth is a medium octahedrite, rather normal in its primary structure but anomalous in its secondary, reheated DESCRIPTION structure. It is somewhat similar to Sandtown and Casimiro The main mass in Vienna weighs about 12 kg and de Abreu, perhaps representing a stage intermediate be­ measures 20 x 15 x I 0 em in three perpendicular directions. tween those two in reheating intensity. The temperature It is weathered and shows indications at one end of severe appears to have been of the order of 500-600° C and must deformation, apparently due to the application of tools in have been maintained for a long time, or have recurred a order to split the mass. The fractured surface is very rough . number of times. Chemically , Plymouth is intermediate It is not known where the other part of the mass is. between group IliA and group IIIB, resembling, e.g., The deep-etched sections distay a coarse Widmanstiit­ Casimiro de Abreu, Campbellsville and Aggie Creek. ten structure of bulky, short (w- 6) kamacite lamellae with a width of 2.6±0.6 mm. Local grain growth has Specimens in the U.S. National Museum in Washington: created almost equiaxial kamacite grains, 5-15 mm across. 181 g part slice (no. 203, 6 x 5.5 x 0.8 em) Within these , scattered taenite lamellae and plessite fields 26 g part slice (no. 2995, 5 x 4 x 0.2 em) 393 g almost full slice (no. 2996, 12 x 6 x 1 em) are located, in addition to what is present along grain boundaries. The total amount of taenite plus plessite is estimated to be 1-3%. Point of Rocks (iron), New Mexico, U.S .A. Schreibersite occurs irregularly as 0.5-1 mm wide lamellae and cuneiform crystals. Troilite was seen as a 10 x 0 0 About 36~ N, 104~ W 6 mm nodule . Pooposo is an inclusion-rich coarse octahedrite of a A fragment of 23.4 g of an octahedrite, allegedly found in 1956 rather common type, related to Seeliisgen, Sardis and near Point of Rocks, Colfax County, is in Albuquerque (La Paz 1965: 110). An analysis by Wasson (1971, personal communica­ Cosby's Creek, and no doubt a normal member of the tion), showing 8.36% Ni, 21.1 ppm Ga, 41.4 ppm Ge and 0.46 ppm resolved chemical group I. lr, indicates that the material belongs to a very common type of Considering its supposed Bolivian origin, it is quite medium octahedrite of which several large meteorites from the American Southwest are known. In particular, it should be checked interesting that the only other known iron meteorite from to see whether the fragment could have been detached from Drum Bolivia is a coarse octahedrite, Bolivia, page 335. Both Mountains, Quinn Canyon, Bartlett or Spearman. irons were apparently acquired by some unknown mission­ ary at approximately the same time, about 1900, and brought out of Bolivia. Since the two masses may, thus, Pojoaque. See Glorieta Mountain have the same origin and show the same structure and degree of weathering, it appears probable that they belong to the same shower-producing fall. A modern examination Ponca Creek. See Ainsworth and complete analysis of Pooposo is recommended in order to solve this problem finally. Pooposo, Bolivia Approximately 18°20'S, 66°50'W Prambanan, Soerakarta, Java Coarse octahedrite, Og. Bandwidth 2.6±0.6 mm. Approximately 7°32'S, 110°50'E Probably group I, judging from the structure. About 6.6% Ni, 0.2% P. Probably another fragment of the meteorite listed as Bolivia, Finest octahedrite, Off. Bandwidth 125±50 JJ.. Artificial a 2 matrix. page 335. Probably anomalous. About 9.4% Ni, 0.16% P. All specimens in collections have been artificially reheated above HISTORY 900° C. A mass of unknown weight was briefly mentioned by Berwerth (1912: 237). According to letters in the British HISTORY Museum (Prior 1923a; Hey 1966: 289), the mass was This meteorite is only insufficiently known through a obtained in 1910 by the mineral dealer J. Bohm from a small fragment of 1/4 kg which was sent to the Netherlands missionary who had brought it from the Pooposo Estate in from Soerakarta in 1865. It was described by Baumhauer Bolivia. Bohm evidently sold the main mass to Vienna, ( 1866) who presented five galvanoplastic figures of poiishe d while a sample was purchased by the British Museum. and deep-etched surfaces. He noted that his fragment 990 Prambanan allegedly had been detached from a large block, about one ANALYSIS meter in diameter, which was preserved in the Kraton (the Sjostrom in Cohen ( 1905) found 9.39% Ni, 0.97% Co, Sultan's palace) of Soesoehoenan in Soerakarta. The mass 0.16% P and 90.03% Fe. The iron should be reanalyzed and served as an iron source for the natives; when they wanted the trace elements determined. metal for particularly good weapons and tools they heated the mass to a red heat and hot-chiseled fragments from it. DESCRIPTION The mass had been moved to the palace court in 1797, but Since very little material is preserved the following had evidently been known some time before. When examination is fragmentary. It appears that all specimens Baumhauer reported the meteorite, another much smaller presently in collections are cuttings from the I /4 kg mass had already been wholly consumed for the fabrication specimen which Baumhauer (1866) described, except per­ of kris. It appears that four beautifully finished daggers haps Vienna No . H3286, which is extremely interesting, somehow found their way to the Ethnographical Collection since it presents an intermediate stage in the Javanese in Vienna (Zimmer 1916), but I do not know whether they handling of meteoritic iron. It appears that the iron, after have been examined. Rosenhain (1901) and, more recently, having been detached from the meteorite, was first forged Smith (I 960: 35) only appear to discuss kris made of into bars, 15 -20 mm square which served as semimanufac­ alternating layers of soft iron and steel. tured articles. From such bars appropriate amounts of iron Cohen (1897a: 43; 1905 : 308) reexamined the iron were hot-chiseled and forged flat. They were then com­ and presented a revised analysis. Brezina & Cohen pounded with flat strips of iron or steel and bent edgewise (1886-1906: platesl5 andl6) discussed the crystallo­ into a compact serpent-like form, as described by Rosen­ graphic relationships and published six photomacrographs. hain (I 90 1). After further sandwiching and final forging, Berwerth (1914: 1081) concluded. correctly that the micro­ the blades were shaped by taper grinding to expose sections structure of Prambanan was due to artificial reheating. of the various layers and the blade etched in fruit acids. The Vienna specimen is a fragment of a meteoritic bar, intended for kris production and with a chisel indentation that COLLECTIONS almost separates the bar into two parts. Budapest (104g), Vienna (48g), Greifswald (38g), The small specimen in Washington has been heated and Hamburg (32 g), Strasbourg (16 g), Chicago (16 g) , London partially forged. The primary structure which is still faintly (8 g), Bonn (7 .5 g), Stockholm (2.6 g), Washington (2.3 g) , visible indicates that Prambanan is a finest octahedrite. The Berlin (2.3 g), Paris (I g). A slice, 7 x 6.5 x 0.5 em in size, kamacite lamellae are long(~- 50) and narrow, 125±50 p; labeled "Prambanan 1797; 1866, no. 1499" in Delft, and their width can only be measured approximately because weighing about 150 g, may or may not be authentic the taenite edges are diffuse. The probe shows that the material, which should be checked, considering the scarcity kamacite contains 7 .5±0.5% Ni. Taenite and plessite cover of material. about 75% by area, and schreibersite is - or, rather, was - present in several of the kamacite lamella intersections as 0.1-0.2 mm blebs. The original structure resembles Bacu­ birito, while the relationship to group IV A irons as Chin­ autla, or to Butler, another iron with narrow, long kamacite lamellae or spindles, seems to be very restricted. A secondary, artificial structure is superimposed upon the primary structure ; this is the reason for the difficulty in comparing Prambanan to other irons. The taenite is partly or wholly dissolved, and the previously existing duplex piessite fields are rather homogenized. The heat treatment which must have taken place at 900-1000° C resulted in the formation of polyhedric austenite grains, 50-200 J1 in diameter, in the former kamacite, as well as in the taenite and plessite areas. Upon cooling, each of these grains trans­ formed to the typical, serrated a 2 patterns. On the electron microprobe the nickel concentration was found to range from 7.5% in previous kamacite lamellae to 15% in previous taenite areas with diffuse boundaries between them, con­ firming the partial dissolution and homogenization due to extensive reheating. The phosphides are also dissolved; but the homogenization is no better than the previous locations of the phosphide bodies may be identified. The microhard­ Figure 1391.
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