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Rembrandt's Etched Sketches and Seventeenth-Century

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REMBRANDT’S ETCHED SKETCHES AND SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY PRINT CULTURE by AMY REED FREDERICK Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Catherine B. Scallen Department of Art History and Art CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2014 For Caroline and Lucy iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures v Acknowledgements xii Abstract xvi Introduction 1 Chapter One: Historiography of the Etched Sketches 12 Chapter Two: Taxonomy of the Etched Sketches 47 Chapter Three: The Editions, Audiences and Degrees of Finish of the Etched Sketches 76 Chapter Four: Subjects of the Etched Sketches 99 Chapter Five: Rotation and Reception of the Etched Sketches 133 Conclusion 155 Appendix A: Formal Descriptions of the Etched Sketches 163 Appendix B: Images 176 Bibliography 270 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Rembrandt, Sheet of Studies with Head of Rembrandt and Beggar Couple, c. 1631, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.127 Figure 2 Rembrandt, Sheet of Studies of Men’s Heads, c. 1630, etching, The Albertina, Vienna Figure 3 Rembrandt, Three Studies of Old Men’s Heads, c. 1630, etching, The British Museum, London, 1848, 0911.193 Figure 4 Rembrandt, Studies of the Head of Saskia and Other Women, 1636, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.129 Figure 5 Rembrandt, Three Heads of Women, One Lightly Etched, c. 1637, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.130 Figure 6 Rembrandt, Three Heads of Women, One Asleep, 1637, etching, The British Museum, London, 1843,0607.228 Figure 7 Rembrandt, Sheet of Studies with a Woman Lying Ill in Bed, c. 1641-2, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.132 Figure 8 Rembrandt, Sheet with Two Studies: A Tree, and the Upper Part of a Head of the Artist Wearing a Velvet Cap, c. 1645, etching, The British Museum, London, 1836,0412.2 Figure 9 Rembrandt, Sheet of Studies with the Head of the Artist, A Beggar Man, Woman and Child, c. 1651, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.133 Figure 10 Rembrandt, Old man seen from behind, half-figure with clasped hands, c. 1630-1, etching, The British Museum, London, 1829,0415.10 Figure 11 Rembrandt, Man crying out, bust directed three-quarter to the left, c. 1630-1, etching, The British Museum, London, 1829,0415.33 Figure 12 Rembrandt, Head of a man in a square cap, c. 1630-1, etching, The British Museum, London, 1848,0911.159 Figure 13 Rembrandt, Old Man in fur coat and high cap, three-quarter profile to right with downcast eyes, c. 1630-1, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.136 v Figure 14 Rembrandt, Old bearded man, nearly in profile to the right, c. 1630-1, etching, The British Museum, London, 1843,0607.233 Figure 15 Rembrandt, Sheet of Studies with Head of Rembrandt and Beggar Couple, c. 1631, etching, The British Museum, London, 1848,0911.187 Figure 16 Rembrandt, Three Heads of Women, One Lightly Etched, c. 1637, etching, The British Museum, London, 1848,0911.189 Figure 17 Rembrandt, The Wedding of Samson (or Samson Posing the Riddle at His Wedding, 1638, oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden Figure 18 Rembrandt, Self-Portrait with Saskia, 1636, etching, The British Museum, London, 1868,0822.655 Figure 19 Rembrandt, The artist’s bride of three days, 1633, silverpoint on prepared vellum, 18.5 x 10.7 cm., Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett Figure 20 Rembrandt, A Sheet of Four Studies of Women, c. 1636, pen and brush and brown ink, with grey wash, touched with white, Boijmans van Beuningen Museum, Rotterdam Figure 21 Rembrandt, Cornelis Claesz. Anslo, 1641, etching and drypoint, The British Museum, London, F,6.25 Figure 22 Anthony van Dyck, Self-portrait, etching, The British Museum, London, R,1b.47 Figure 23 Jacques de Gheyn II, Study of Hermit Crab and Witchcraft, 1602- 3, pen, ink, and watercolor, Städelsches Kunstinstitut Frankfurt Figure 24 Rembrandt, John the Baptist Preaching, c. 1635, grisaille on canvas, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin—Preussischer Kulturbesitz Figure 25 Rembrandt, Head of Man in Fur Hat and Self Portrait, c. 1636, pen and brown ink, The Morgan Library and Museum, New York Figure 26 Rembrandt, Self-portrait, 1636-38, oil on panel, 63.2 x 50.2 cm., The Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena, CA Figure 27 Rembrandt, Sheet of Studies with Five Heads, silverpoint on prepared vellum, Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam vi Figure 28 Rembrandt, Model Sheet with Male Heads and Sketches of Figures, pen and brown ink, brown wash, red chalk, Birmingham, The Barber Institute of Fine Arts Figure 29 Frederik Bloemaert after Abraham Bloemaert, Studies of eyes, ears and faces in profile and Studies of ears, and eye, and several faces, Plates 2 and 3 in Het Tekenboek, engravings Figure 30 Rembrandt, Man Drawing from a Cast, c. 1641, etching, The British Museum, London, 1843,0607.86 Figure 31 Rembrandt, Old Man with Long Beard and Flat Cap, c. 1630, pen and brown ink with grey wash, Louvre Museum, Paris Figure 32 Rembrandt, Three Studies of the Bust of an Old Man, c. 1638, pen and brown ink, Fondation Custodia, Frits Lugt Collection, Paris Figure 33 Rembrandt, Bald-headed man in profile to right, the artist’s father (?), 1630, etching, The British Museum, London, 1855,0414.272 Figure 34 Rembrandt, Man wearing a close cap, bust (the artist’s father?), 1630, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.86 Figure 35 Heinrich Vogtherr, Ein frembdes und wunderbares kunstbüchlein, 1538, woodcut, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 19.62.2 Figure 36 Rembrandt, The Artist Drawing from the Model, c. 1639, pen and brown ink with brown wash and touched with white, on paper washed brown, The British Museum, London Figure 37 Rembrandt, The Artist Drawing from the Model, c. 1639, etching, drypoint and burin, The British Museum, London, 1843,0607.121 Figure 38 Rembrandt, The Death of the Virgin, 1639, etching, The British Museum, London, 1855,0609.24 Figure 39 Rembrandt, Self-Portrait in a Soft Hat and Embroidered Cloak, 1631, etching and drypoint, The British Museum, London, F,4.9 Figure 40 Rembrandt, Self-portrait drawing at a window, 1648, etching, drypoint and burin, The British Museum, London, F,4.35 Figure 41 Ernst van de Wetering’s reconstruction of the relationship between B. 363 and B. 7 from the fourth volume of A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings. vii Figure 42 Ernst van de Wetering’s reconstruction of the relationship between B. 370 and B. 22 in the fourth volume of A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings. Figure 43 Rembrandt, Christ presented to the people (Ecce Homo), 1655, etching and drypoint, The British Museum, London, 1868,0822.665 Figure 44 Rembrandt, Christ Healing the Sick (The Hundred Guilder Print), c. 1648, etching, The British Museum, London, F,4.154 Figure 45 Rembrandt, ‘The Great Jewish Bride,’ 1635, etching with drypoint and burin, The British Museum, London, 1969,0111.4 Figure 46 Rembrandt, ‘The Little Jewish Bride’ (Saint Catherine), 1638, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.112 Figure 47 Rembrandt, St. Jerome reading in an Italian landscape, c. 1653, etching, burin and drypoint, The British Museum, London, 1868,0822.669 Figure 48 Rembrandt, Bust of a Young Woman Smiling (Saskia van Uylenburgh?), 1633, oil on panel, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden Figure 49 Rembrandt, Saskia as Flora?, 1635, oil on canvas, The National Gallery, London Figure 50 Rembrandt, Saskia van Uylenburgh, c. 1633-42, oil on panel, Staaliche Kunstsammlungen, Schloss Wilhelmshohe, Kassel Figure 51 Rembrandt, Prodigal Son in the Tavern (Self-portrait with Saskia), c. 1635, oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden Figure 52 Rembrandt, A Woman Seated in an Armchair with a Letter in her Left Hand, c. 1633-35, black chalk with white heightening, Kupferstichkabinett, Hamburger Kunsthalle Figure 53 Rembrandt, Saskia Leaning out of a Window, 1634-35, pen and brown ink with brown wash, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam Figure 54 Rembrandt, A Woman Sitting Up in Bed, c. 1635, pen and brown ink, Groninger Museum, Groningen viii Figure 55 Rembrandt, An Interior with a Woman in Bed, 1640-1, pen and brush and brown ink with grey wash, Collection Frits Lugt, Paris Figure 56 Rembrandt, Two Studies of Saskia Asleep, c. 1635-7, pen and brown ink and brown wash, The Morgan Library and Museum, New York Figure 57 Rembrandt, Saskia with pearls in her hair, 1634, etching, The British Museum, London, F,6.117 Figure 58 Rembrandt, Sick woman with a large white headdress (Saskia?), c. 1641-2, etching, The British Museum, London, 1842,0806.152 Figure 59 Rembrandt, Two Studies of a Woman, c. 1635-40, red chalk, Courtauld Institute Gallery, London Figure 60 Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia I, 1514, engraving, The British Museum, London, 1910,0212.303 Figure 61 Rembrandt, Beggar with a wooden leg, c. 1630, etching, The British Museum, London, F,5.134 Figure 62 Rembrandt, Beggar (self-portrait?) seated on a bank, 1630, etching, The British Museum, London, F,5.127 Figure 63 Rembrandt, Self-portrait, open-mouthed, 1630, etching, The British Museum, London, 1845,0205.1 Figure 64 Rembrandt, The rat-catcher, 1632, etching, The British Museum, London, F,5.63 Figure 65 Rembrandt, A man with hands behind his back, 1631, etching, The British Museum, London, 1843,0607.92 Figure 66 Jacques Callot, Man in rags from Les Gueux, c. 1622-3, etching, The British Museum, London, 1861,0713.931 Figure 67 Lucas van Leyden, The Beggars, c. 1508, engraving, The British Museum, London, 1849,1027.74 Figure 68 Lucas van Leyden, Family of Beggars, 1520, engraving and etching, The British Museum, London, 1849,1027.79 Figure 69 Hieronymus Bosch (?), Studies of Beggars, c.
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    DIE ORIGINALE ENTDECKEN Die Hamburger Kunsthalle zählt zu den bedeuten dsten und größten Kunstmuseen in Deutschland. Ihre international einzig artige Sammlung aus 700 Jahren Kunst und zahlreiche, renommierte Sonderausstellungen ziehen jährlich hundert­­- tausende Besucher_innen aus aller Welt an. Erleben Sie einen faszinierenden Rundgang durch die euro päische Kunstgeschichte mit Meisterwer ken vom Mittelalter bis in die Gegenwart. WILLKOMMEN IN DER HAMBURGER KUNSTHALLE DIE KUNSTHALLE IN ZAHLEN ca. 5.000 Führungen und Veranstaltungen 20.000 pro Jahr Werke online 350 Installationen 3.500 Gemälde 2 Cafés/ Restaurants ca.8 Ausstellungen pro Jahr 1.000 dauerhaft ausgestellte Werke 700 Jahre Kunst 130.000 Zeichnungen und Graphiken 12.000 m² Ausstellungsfläche ca. 390.000 Besucher_innen pro Jahr ca.8 Ausstellungen pro Jahr 700 JAHRE KUNST UNSERE SAMMLUNG Alte Meister Höhepunkte der Alten Meister sind die nord deutsche mittelalterliche Malerei mit den Altären von Bertram von Minden und Meister Francke, die Werke der euro- päischen Renaissance von Lucas Cranach d.Ä., Hans Holbein oder Paris Bordone und das Goldene niederländische Zeit- alter des 17. Jahrhunderts mit Werken von Rembrandt van Rijn, Pieter de Hooch oder Anton van Dyck. Bertram VON MINDEN Retabel des ehemaligen Hochaltars der Petrikirche in Hamburg (Grabower Altar), Ausschnitt, 1379/83 KUPFerstiCH- kabinett Das Kupferstichkabinett der Kunsthalle gehört mit seinen mehr als 130.000 Zeichnungen und druckgraphischen Blättern zu den bedeutenden Sammlungen in Europa. albreCht DÜrer Liebespaar, 1493 19. Jahrhundert Die Sammlung des 19. Jahrhunderts zählt mit ihren umfangreichen Werkgruppen von Caspar David Friedrich, Philipp Otto Runge, Max Liebermann sowie zentralen Werken der französischen Realisten und Impressionisten zu den wichtigsten ihrer Art.