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Home , Cadmium nitrate, Potassium sulfite, Silver acetate, Silver chloride, Silver nitrate, Silver sulfide

KEY TO AP CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS BY TYPE 1968-82, 1985-88, 1990-93, 1995

Double Replacement 1. Hydrogen is bubbled through a solution of . 1+ + H2S + Ag1+Æ Ag2S + H+ 2. An excess of hydroxide solution is added to a solution of . - 2+ OH + Mg2+ Æ Mg(OH)2 3. Solutions of sodium and lead nitrate are mixed. - 2+ I + Pb2+ Æ PbI2 4. A solution of is added to a solution of ferric . 3+ + NH3 + H2O + Fe3+ Æ NH4 + Fe(OH)3 5. Solutions of and are mixed. + 2- Ag+ + CrO4 Æ Ag2CrO4 6. Excess silver is added to a solution of trisodium . + 3- Ag+ + PO4 Æ Ag3PO4 7. Manganese(II) nitrate solution is mixed with solution. 2+ - Mn + OH Æ Mn(OH)2 8. A saturated solution of calcium hydroxide is added to a solution of . 2+ - Mg2+ + OH- Æ Mg(OH)2 9. gas is added to a solution of nitrate. 2+ + H2S + Cd Æ CdS + H 10. Dilute sulfuric is added to a solution of . + 2- 2+ - H+ + SO4 + Ba + C2H3O2 Æ BaSO4 + HC2H3O2 11. A precipitate is formed when solutions of trisodium phosphate and are mixed. 3- 2+ PO4 + Ca ÆCa3(PO4)2 12. A solution of (II) is added to a solution of barium hydroxide. 2+ 2- 2+ - Cu2+ + SO4 + Ba + OH Æ Cu(OH)2 + BaSO4 13. Equal volumes of dilute equimolar solutions of sodium and are mixed. + 2- H+ + CO3 Æ HCO3- 14. Solid barium peroxide is added to cold dilute . + 2- BaO2 +H+ + SO4 Æ BaSO4 + H2O2 15. Excess hydrochloric acid solution is added to a solution of . + 2- H+ + SO3 Æ H2O + SO2 16. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of . 2- 2+ SO4 + Ba Æ BaSO4 17. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of chloride. + - NH4 + OH Æ NH3 + H2O 18. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium carbonate. + 2- H + CO3 Æ H2O + CO2 19. Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of nickel(II) nitrate. 2+ + H2S + Ni Æ NiS + H 20. A solution of sodium sulfide is added to a solution of .

Kristen Henry Jones 1 S2- + Zn2+Æ ZnS 21. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to solid manganese(II) sulfide. + 2+ H+ + MnS Æ H2S + Mn2+ 22. Solutions of tri-potassium phosphate and zinc nitrate are mixed. 3- 2+ PO4 + Zn Æ Zn3(PO4)2 23. Dilute solution is added to solid . 2+ - HC2H3O2 + MgCO3 Æ H2O + CO2 + Mg + C2H3O2 24. Gaseous hydrofluoric acid reacts with solid silicon dioxide. HF + SiO2 Æ H2O + SiF4 25. Equimolar amounts of trisodium phosphate and , both in solution, are mixed. 3- + 2- PO4 + H Æ HPO4 26. Ammonium chloride crystals are added to a solution of sodium hydroxide. - - NH4Cl + OH Æ NH3 + H2O + Cl 27. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of lead(II) nitrate. 2+ + H2S + Pb2+ Æ PbS + H+ 28. Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed. + 2- Ag+ + CrO4 Æ Ag2CrO4 29. Solutions of and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed. F- + H+ Æ HF 30. A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of iron(III) sulfate. 2+ - 3+ 2- Ba2+ + OH- + Fe3+ + SO4 Æ BaSO4 + Fe(OH)3 31. A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a solution. + - NH4 + OH Æ NH3 + H2O 32. A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a saturated solution of barium hydroxide. + 2- 2+ - NH4 + SO4 + Ba +OH Æ NH3 + H2O + BaSO4 33. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to solid calcium fluoride. + 2- H+ + SO4 + CaF2 Æ CaSO4 + HF 34. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of (I) nitrate. - 2+ Cl + Hg2 Æ Hg2Cl2 35. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate. + - H + HCO3 Æ H2O + CO2 36. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium sulfite. + 2- H+ + SO3 Æ H2O + SO2 37. gas is bubbled through containing a suspension of calcium - 2+ carbonate. CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O Æ HCO3 + Ca2+ 38. Excess concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid calcium phosphate. 2+ 2- H2SO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 Æ H3PO4 + CaSO4 (or Ca + SO4 ) 39. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a solution of mercury(II) chloride. 2+ + H2S + Hg Æ HgS + H

SingleReplacement 1. A piece of aluminum metal is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

Kristen Henry Jones 2 Al + Ag+ Æ Al3+ + Ag 2. Aluminum metal is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride. Al + Cu2+ Æ Al3+ + Cu 3. Hydrogen gas is passed over hot copper(II) . H2 + CuO Æ H2O + Cu 4. Small chunks of solid sodium are added to water. + - Na + H2O Æ Na + OH + H2 5. Calcium metal is added to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. + 2+ Ca + H+ Æ Ca2+ + H2 6. Magnesium turnings are added to a solution of iron(III) chloride. Mg + Fe3+ Æ Mg2+ + Fe 7. gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium . - - Cl2 + Br Æ Cl + Br2 8. A strip of magnesium is added to a solution of silver nitrate. Mg + Ag+ Æ Mg2+ + Ag 9. Solid calcium is added to warm water. 2+ - Ca + H2O Æ Ca + OH + H2 10. Liquid is added to a solution of . - - Br2 + I Æ Br + I2 11. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of potassium iodide. - - Cl2 + I Æ Cl + I2 12. Lead foil is immersed in silver nitrate solution. Pb + Ag+ Æ Pb2+ + Ag 13. Solid zinc strips are added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate. Zn + Cu2+ Æ Zn2+ + Cu 14. Sodium metal is added to water. + - Na + H2O Æ Na+ + OH + H2 15. A bar of zinc metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate. Zn + Cu2+ Æ Zn2+ + Cu

Anhydrides 1. Excess water is added to solid calcium hydride. 2+ - H2O + CaH2 Æ Ca + OH or (Ca(OH)2)+ H2 2. Solid lithium hydride is added to water. + - LiH + H2O Æ Li+ + OH- + H2 3. Liquid phosphorus trichloride is poured into a large excess of water. + - PCl3 + H2O Æ H3PO3 + H+ + Cl 4. Solid sodium carbide is added to an excess of water. + - Na4C + H2O Æ C2H2 + Na+ + OH 5. Solid magnesium nitride is added to excess deuterium oxide. Mg3N2 + D2O Æ Mg(OD)2+ ND3

6. Water is added to a sample of pure phosphorus tribromide. + - H2O + PBr3 Æ H3PO3 + H+ + Br 7. Water is added to a sample of pure .

Kristen Henry Jones 3 + - H2O + NaH Æ Na+ + OH + H2 8. Dinitrogen trioxide gas is bubbled into water. N2O3 + H2O Æ HNO2 9. Solid phosphorus pentachloride is added to excess water. + - PCl5 + H2O Æ H3PO4 + H + Cl 10. Solid dinitrogen pentoxide is added to water. + - N2O5 + H2O Æ H+ + NO3 11. trioxide gas is added to excess water. + 2- SO3 + H2O Æ H+ + SO4 12. Solid sodium oxide is added to water. + - Na2O + H2O Æ Na+ + OH 13. Phosphorus(V) oxytrichloride is added to water. + - POCl3 + H2O Æ H3PO4 + H+ + Cl 14. Water is added to a sample of solid magnesium nitride.

H2O + Mg3N2 ÆMg(OH)2 + NH3 15. Solid potassium oxide is added to water. + - K2O + H2O Æ K + OH 16. Solid sodium is added to water. + - NaCN + H2O Æ HCN + Na+ + OH 17. Trisodium phosphate crystals are added to water. + - 2- - Na3PO4 + H2O Æ Na+ + OH + HPO4 ( or H2PO4 ) 18. Solid lithium oxide is added to excess water. + - Li2O + H2O Æ Li + OH 19. Solid barium oxide is added to distilled water. 2+ - BaO + H2O Æ Ba + OH 20. Solid calcium hydride is added to distilled water. 2+ - CaH2+ H2O Æ Ca + OH or (Ca(OH)2) + H2

Combustion 1. Lithium metal is burned in air. Li + O2 Æ Li2O 2. The hydrocarbon hexane is burned in excess oxygen. C6H14 + O2 Æ CO2 + H2O 3. Gaseous diborane, B2H6, is burned in excess oxygen. B2H6 + O2 Æ B2O3 + H2O 4. A piece of solid bismuth is heated strongly in oxygen. Bi + O2 Æ Bi2O3 5. Solid is heated in an excess of oxygen. ZnS + O2 Æ ZnO + SO2 6. Propanol is burned completely in air. C3H7OH + O2 Æ CO2 + H2O

7. Excess oxygen gas is mixed with ammonia gas in the presence of platinum. O2 + NH3 –PtÆ NO2 + H2O 8. Gaseous silane, SiH4, is burned in oxygen.

Kristen Henry Jones 4 SiH4 + O2 Æ SiO2 + H2O 9. is completely burned in air. C2H5OH + O2 Æ CO2 + H2O 10. Solid copper(II) sulfide is heated strongly in oxygen gas. CuS + O2 Æ CuO + SO2 11. Ethanol is burned in oxygen. C2H5OH + O2 Æ CO2 + H2O

Redox 1. Iron(III) are reduced by iodide ions. 3+ - 2+ Fe3+ + I Æ Fe2+ + I2 2. solution is added to concentrated hydrochloric acid. - + - 2+ MnO4 + H + Cl Æ Mn + Cl2 + H2O 3. Magnesium metal is added to dilute , giving as one of the products a compound in which the oxidation number for nitrogen is -3. + - + 2+ Mg + H+ + NO3 Æ NH4 + Mg + H2O 4. A solution of potassium iodide is electrolyzed. - - I + H2O Æ I2 + H2 + OH 5. solution is added to an acidified solution of . 2- 2- + 3+ 2- Cr2O7 + SO3 + H Æ Cr + SO4 + H2O 6. Solutions of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, and dilute sulfuric acid are mixed. - - + I + IO3 + H+ Æ H2O + I2 7. A solution of tin(II) sulfate is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Sn2+ + Fe3+ ÆSn4+ + Fe2+ 8. Metallic copper is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid. 2+ Cu + H2SO4Æ Cu + SO2 + H2O 9. Manganese(IV) oxide is added to warm, concentrated hydrobromic acid. + - 2+ MnO2 + H + Br Æ Mn + Br2 + H2O 10. Chlorine gas is bubbled into cold dilute sodium hydroxide. - - - Cl2 + OH Æ ClO + Cl + H2O 11. Solid iron(III) oxide is heated in excess . Fe2O3 + CO ÆFe + CO2 12. solution is added to acidified potassium iodide solution. + - H2O2 + H+ + I Æ H2O + I2 13. Hydrogen peroxide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. + 2- 3+ H2O2 + H+ + Cr2O7 Æ H2O + Cr + O2 14. gas is bubbled through an acidified solution of potassium permanganate. + - 2+ 2- SO2 + H+ + MnO4 Æ Mn + H2O + SO4 15. A solution containing tin(II) ions is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. 2+ + 2- 3+ 4+ Sn2+ + H+ + Cr2O7 Æ Cr + Sn + H2O 16. Solid is warmed with dilute nitric acid. + - + Ag2S + H + NO3 Æ Ag + S + NO2 + H2O 17. A dilute solution of sulfuric acid is electrolyzed between platinum electrodes. H2O ÆH2 + O2 18. Pellets of lead are dropped into hot sulfuric acid. + 2- 2+ Pb + H+ + SO4 Æ H2O + SO2 + Pb (or PbSO4 )

Kristen Henry Jones 5 19. Potassium permanganate solution is added to a solution of oxalic acid, H2C2O4 , acidified with a few drops of sulfuric acid. - + 2+ MnO4 + H2C2O4 + H Æ Mn + CO2 + H2O 20. Powdered iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Fe + Fe3+ Æ Fe2+ 21. A concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid is added to powdered manganese dioxide and gently heated. + - 2+ H+ + Cl- + MnO2 Æ Cl2 + Mn + H2O 22. A strip of copper metal is added to a concentrated solution of sulfuric acid. + 2- 2+ Cu + H+ + SO4 Æ Cu + SO2 + H2O 23. Copper(II) sulfide is oxidized by dilute nitric acid. + - 2+ CuS + H+ + NO3 ÆCu2+ + NO + H2O + S 24. A solution of copper(II) sulfate is electrolyzed using inert electrodes. 2+ + Cu2+ + H2O Æ O2 + H+ + Cu 25. A solution of potassium iodide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. - + 2- 3+ I + H+ + Cr2O7 Æ I2 + Cr + H2O 26. Hydrogen peroxide solution is added to a solution of iron(II) sulfate. 2+ Æ 3+ H2O2 + Fe2+ Fe3+ + H2O 27. Solid silver is added to a dilute nitric acid (6M) solution. + - + Ag + H+ +NO3 Æ Ag + NO + H2O 28. A solution of formic acid, HCOOH, is oxidized by an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. + 2- 3+ HCOOH + H+ + Cr2O7 Æ H2O + Cr + CO2 29. A piece of iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Fe + Fe3+ Æ Fe2+ 30. An acidified solution of potassium permanganate is added to a solution of sodium sulfite. + - 2- 2+ 2- H+ + MnO4 + SO3 Æ Mn + SO4 + H2O 31. A solution of tin(II) chloride is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Sn2+ + Fe3+ Æ Sn4+ + Fe2+ 32. Concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is added to solid manganese(IV) oxide and the reactants are heated. + - 2+ H + Cl + MnO2 Æ Mn2+ + Cl2 + H2O 33. A strip of copper is immersed in dilute nitric acid. + - 2+ Cu + H+ + NO3 Æ Cu + NO + H2O 34. Potassium permanganate solution is added to an acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. - + 2+ MnO4 + H+ + H2O2 Æ Mn2+ + O2 + H2O 35. Solid copper is added to a dilute nitric acid solution. + - 2+ Cu + H+ + NO3 Æ Cu2+ + NO + H2O 36. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold solution of dilute sodium hydroxide. - - - Cl2 + OH ÆClO + Cl + H2O

37. A solution of potassium permanganate is mixed with an alkaline solution of sodium sulfite. - - 2- 2- 2- MnO4 + OH- + SO3 Æ SO4 + H2O + MnO4 (or MnO2) 38. Solid is added to an acidified solution of . + - 3+ + Na2Cr2O7 + H+ + I Æ Cr + I2 + H2O + Na 39. Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(III) oxide.

Kristen Henry Jones 6 H2 + Fe2O3 Æ Fe + H2O 40. Solutions of potassium iodide and potassium iodate are mixed in acid solution. - - + I + IO3 + H+ Æ I2 + H2O 41. Hydrogen peroxide is added to an acidified solution of . + - H2O2 + H + Br Æ Br2 + H2O 42. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold, dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. - - - Cl2 + OH Æ Cl + ClO + H2O 43. A solution of iron(II) nitrate is exposed to air for an extended period of time. 2+ Fe + O2 Æ Fe2O3

Acid- Neutralizations 1. Solutions of ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are mixed. + - NH3 + HF Æ NH4 + F 2. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of potassium hydroxide. - 2- H2S + OH Æ H2O + S 3. A solution of sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium hydroxide until the same number of moles of each compound has been added. + 2- 2+ - H+ + SO4 + Ba + OH Æ H2O + BaSO4 4. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate until the same number of moles of each compound has been added. - - 2- OH + H2PO4 Æ HPO4 + H2O 5. Dilute nitric acid is added to crystals of pure calcium oxide. + 2+ H+ + CaO Æ H2O + Ca 6. Equal volumes of 0.1-molar sulfuric acid and 0.1-molar potassium hydroxide are mixed. + - H+ +OH Æ H2O 7. A solution of ammonia is added to a dilute solution of acetic acid. + - NH3 + HC2H3O2 Æ NH4 + C2H3O2 8. Excess sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. - 2- SO2 + OH Æ H2O + SO3 9. Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into an excess of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide. 2+ - SO2 + Ca2+ + OH Æ CaSO3 + H2O 10. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate until the number of moles of sodium hydroxide added is twice the number of moles of the calcium . - 2+ - OH +Ca2+ + HCO3 Æ H2O + CaCO3 11. Equal volumes of 0.1M hydrochloric acid and 0.1M sodium monohydrogen phosphate are mixed. + 2- - H+ + HPO4 Æ H2PO4 12. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution. - 2- H2S + OH Æ H2O + S2- 13. Ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas are bubbled into water. + 2- NH3 + CO2 + H2O Æ NH4 + CO3 14. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. - 2- CO2 + OH Æ CO3 + H2O 15. Acetic acid solution is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. - - HC2H3O2 + HCO3 Æ H2O + CO2 + C2H3O2

Kristen Henry Jones 7 16. Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. - - 3- OH + H2PO4 Æ H2O + PO4

Complex Ions 1. Concentrated (15M) ammonia solution is added in excess to a solution of copper(II) nitrate. 2+ 2+ NH3 + Cu Æ [Cu(NH3)4] 2. An excess of nitric acid solution is added to a solution of tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate. + 2+ + 2+ H+ + [Cu(NH3)4]2+Æ NH4 + Cu 3. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of diamminesilver(I) nitrate. + - + + H+ + Cl + [Ag(NH3)2]+ Æ AgCl + NH4 4. Solid aluminum nitrate is dissolved in water. +3 - Al(NO3)3 + H2O Æ [Al(H2O)6] + NO3 5. A suspension of copper(II) hydroxide is treated with an excess of ammonia water. 2+ - Cu(OH)2 + NH3 Æ [Cu(NH3)4] + OH 6. A solution of diamminesilver(I) chloride is treated with dilute nitric acid. + - + + [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl + H Æ NH4 + AgCl 7. An excess of concentrated ammonia solution is added to freshly precipitated copper(II) hydroxide. 2+ - NH3 + Cu(OH)2 Æ [Cu(NH3)4] + OH 8. Excess dilute nitric acid is added to a solution containing the tetraaminecadmium(II) . + 2+ + 2+ H+ + [Cd(NH3)4]2+Æ NH4 + Cd 9. An excess of ammonia is bubbled through a solution saturated with . + + NH3 + Ag+ Æ [Ag(NH3)2]+ 10. Solid aluminum oxide is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide. - - Al2O3 + OH Æ [Al(OH)4] (may have water as a reactant) 11. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of zinc iodide. 2+ 2+ NH3 + Zn2+ Æ [Zn(NH3)4]2+ 12. An excess of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum chloride. - 3+ - OH + Al3+ Æ [Al(OH)4] 13. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride. 2+ 2+ NH3 + Cu Æ [Cu(NH3)4]2+ 14. Excess concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is added to solid aluminum hydroxide. - - OH + Al(OH)3 Æ [Al(OH)4] 15. Excess concentrated ammonia solution is added to a suspension of silver chloride. + - NH3 + AgCl Æ [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl 16. Pellets of aluminum metal are added to a solution containing an excess of sodium hydroxide. - - Al + OH Æ [Al(OH)4] 17. A suspension of zinc hydroxide is treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. - 2- Zn(OH)2 + OH Æ [Zn(OH)4] 18. Silver chloride is dissolved in excess ammonia solution. + - AgCl + NH3 Æ [Ag(NH3)2] + Cl 19. Sodium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide in water. - - OH + Al(OH)3 Æ [Al(OH)4] 20. A drop of potassium is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.

Kristen Henry Jones 8 SCN- + Fe3+ Æ FeSCN2+ 21. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a suspension of zinc hydroxide. 2+ - NH3 + Zn(OH)2 Æ [Zn(NH3)4]2+ + OH 22. Excess concentrated potassium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of zinc hydroxide. - 2- Zn(OH)2 + OH Æ [Zn(OH)4]

Addition 1. The gases boron trifluoride and ammonia are mixed. BF3 + NH3 Æ F3BNH3 2. A mixture of solid calcium oxide and solid tetraphosphorus decaoxide is heated. CaO + P4O10 Æ Ca3(PO4)2 3. Solid calcium oxide is exposed to a stream of carbon dioxide gas. CaO + CO2 Æ CaCO3 4. Solid calcium oxide is heated in the presence of sulfur trioxide gas. CaO + SO3 Æ CaSO4 5. Calcium metal is heated strongly in nitrogen gas. Ca + N2 Æ Ca3N2 6. Excess chlorine gas is passed over hot iron filings. Cl2 + Fe Æ FeCl3 7. Powdered is added to a container of carbon dioxide gas. MgO + CO2 Æ MgCO3 8. A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas. Li + N2 Æ Li3N 9. Magnesium metal is burned in nitrogen gas. Mg + N2 Æ Mg3N2 10. Sulfur dioxide gas is passed over solid calcium oxide. SO2 + CaO Æ CaSO3

Decomposition 1. A solution of hydrogen peroxide is heated. H2O2 Æ O2 + H2O 2. Solid magnesium carbonate is heated. MgCO3 Æ MgO + CO2 3. A solution of hydrogen peroxide is catalytically decomposed. H2O2 Æ H2O + O2

Kristen Henry Jones 9 4. Solid potassium chlorate is heated in the presence of manganese dioxide as a catalyst. MnO2 KClO3 ⎯⎯→⎯ KCl + O2 5. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is dissolved in water. + NaHCO3 Æ Na+ + HCO3- 6. Solid ammonium carbonate is heated. (NH4)2CO3 Æ CO2 + NH3 + H2O

ORGANIC 1. A sample of pure 2-butene is treated with hydrogen bromide gas. C4H8 + HBr Æ C4H9Br 2. An excess of chlorine gas is added to pure acetylene. Cl2 + C2H2 Æ C2H2Cl4 3. is treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide. - CH3COOC2H5 + OH- Æ C2H5OH + CH3COO- 4. is treated with bromine in the presence of a catalyst. Br2 + C6H6 Æ C6H5Br + HBr

5. Propene reacts with water in the presence of a catalyst. C3H6 + H2O Æ C3H7OH

6. Methyl iodide is heated with a solution of sodium hydroxide. - - CH3I + OH Æ CH3OH + I

7. Methane gas is heated with an excess of chlorine gas. CH4 + Cl2 Æ CH3Cl + HCl

8. Ethanol and formic acid (methanoic acid) are mixed and warmed. C2H5OH + HCOOH Æ HCOOC2H5 + H2O

9. Ethene (ethylene) gas is bubbled through a solution of bromine. C2H4 + Br2 Æ C2H4Br2

Kristen Henry Jones 10