Taxonomy and Depth Distribution of Proteolytic Bacteria Isolated from Water of the Rio Grande Rise Region, South Atlantic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TAXONOMY AND DEPTH DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEOLYTIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WATER OF THE RIO GRANDE RISE REGION, SOUTH ATLANTIC da Silva, M. A. C.1*; Verdegal, R. O.1; Zirke, B.1; Delabary, G. S.1; da Veiga, C. H.1; Lima, A. O. S.1. 1Centro Tecnológico da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil. *e-mail: [email protected] Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes that act on peptides and are important for the normal functioning of cells. These molecules are widely distributed in marine bacteria, including intracellular and extracellular types. Besides their biological importance for the bacterial cell, proteases can also be biotechnologically applied to wastewater treatment, to the production of detergents and animal feed. Several marine bacteria are reported as capable of producing proteases, including strains isolated from different depths of oceanic regions. In this context, the present work aimed to analyze the taxonomic composition and depth distribution of proteolytic bacteria from water samples of the Rio Grande Rise Region, South Atlantic. One hundred and four strains of marine bacteria were tested in triplicates for their proteolytic activity on marine agar plates supplemented with skim milk. Twenty-four percent of the strains tested were proteolytic. The frequency of proteolytic bacteria was higher at the thermocline zone, followed by the maximum depth zone (at the bottom of the water column). These are zones with higher organic matter concentration, as a function of the primary production (at the thermocline) and the influence of sedimentary organic matter (at the maximum depth), which could explain this distribution pattern. The lowest frequency of proteolytic bacteria was observed at the limit of the euphotic zone. The proteolytic bacteria belonged to nine different species of five bacterial classes. The class Bacilli was the best represented among the proteolytic bacteria, with five strains belonging to the species Bacillus stratosphericus. Gammaproteobacteria was represented by three strains of Pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa, and Flavobacteriia included three strains of Zunongwangia profunda. The other species were represented by a single strain each and include the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The strain Salinicola salarius LAMA 918 was the most active among the bacteria tested. These results indicate that proteolytic bacteria are diverse and are not equally distributed in marine pelagic environments. Palavras-chaves: Proteolytic bacteria, South Atlantic Ocean, depth distribution. Área de conhecimento: Microbiologia Ambiental e Agrícola Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Habitat and Taxon As Driving Forces of Carbohydrate
Habitat and taxon as driving forces of carbohydrate catabolism in marine heterotrophic bacteria: example of the model algae-associated bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans Dsij T Tristan Barbeyron, François Thomas, Valérie Barbe, Hanno Teeling, Chantal Schenowitz, Carole Dossat, Alexander Goesmann, Catherine Leblanc, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Mirjam Czjzek, et al. To cite this version: Tristan Barbeyron, François Thomas, Valérie Barbe, Hanno Teeling, Chantal Schenowitz, et al.. Habi- tat and taxon as driving forces of carbohydrate catabolism in marine heterotrophic bacteria: example of the model algae-associated bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans Dsij T. Environmental Microbiol- ogy, Society for Applied Microbiology and Wiley-Blackwell, 2016, Ecology and Physiology of Marine Microbes, 18 (12), pp.4610-4627. 10.1111/1462-2920.13584. hal-02137896 HAL Id: hal-02137896 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02137896 Submitted on 23 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Environmental Microbiology ‐ Research Article 2 3 Habitat and taxon
[Show full text]
Halophilic Bacteroidetes As an Example on How Their Genomes Interact with the Environment
DOCTORAL THESIS 2020 PHYLOGENOMICS OF BACTEROIDETES; HALOPHILIC BACTEROIDETES AS AN EXAMPLE ON HOW THEIR GENOMES INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Raúl Muñoz Jiménez DOCTORAL THESIS 2020 Doctoral Programme of Environmental and Biomedical Microbiology PHYLOGENOMICS OF BACTEROIDETES; HALOPHILIC BACTEROIDETES AS AN EXAMPLE ON HOW THEIR GENOMES INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT Raúl Muñoz Jiménez Thesis Supervisor: Ramon Rosselló Móra Thesis Supervisor: Rudolf Amann Thesis tutor: Elena I. García-Valdés Pukkits Doctor by the Universitat de les Illes Balears Publications resulted from this thesis Munoz, R., Rosselló-Móra, R., & Amann, R. (2016). Revised phylogeny of Bacteroidetes and proposal of sixteen new taxa and two new combinations including Rhodothermaeota phyl. nov. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 39(5), 281–296 Munoz, R., Rosselló-Móra, R., & Amann, R. (2016). Corrigendum to “Revised phylogeny of Bacteroidetes and proposal of sixteen new taxa and two new combinations including Rhodothermaeota phyl. nov.” [Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 39 (5) (2016) 281–296]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 39, 491–492. Munoz, R., Amann, R., & Rosselló-Móra, R. (2019). Ancestry and adaptive radiation of Bacteroidetes as assessed by comparative genomics. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 43(2), 126065. Dr. Ramon Rosselló Móra, of the Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, Esporles and Dr. Rudolf Amann, of the Max-Planck-Institute für Marine Mikrobiologie, Bremen WE DECLARE: That the thesis titled Phylogenomics of Bacteroidetes; halophilic Bacteroidetes as an example on how their genomes interact with the environment, presented by Raúl Muñoz Jiménez to obtain a doctoral degree, has been completed under our supervision and meets the requirements to opt for an International Doctorate. For all intents and purposes, we hereby sign this document.
[Show full text]
Twelve Previously Unknown Phage Genera Are Ubiquitous in Global Oceans
Twelve previously unknown phage genera are ubiquitous in global oceans Karin Holmfeldta,1,2, Natalie Solonenkoa, Manesh Shahb, Kristen Corrierb, Lasse Riemannc, Nathan C. VerBerkmoesb,3, and Matthew B. Sullivana,1 aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; bChemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; and cDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingor, Denmark Edited by James L. Van Etten, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, and approved June 17, 2013 (received for review April 2, 2013) Viruses are fundamental to ecosystems ranging from oceans to (7) and deep (8) oceans and even the human gut. In humans, humans, yet our ability to study them is bottlenecked by the lack Bacteroidetes comprise 30% of the gut microbiota and play im- of ecologically relevant isolates, resulting in “unknowns” dominat- portant roles for fat storage (9) and the immune system (10). In ing culture-independent surveys. Here we present genomes from the oceans, Bacteroidetes is the third most abundant bacterial 31 phages infecting multiple strains of the aquatic bacterium Cel- phylum (7, 8), and there these bacteria are active in degrading lulophaga baltica (Bacteroidetes) to provide data for an under- biopolymers (11) and involved in recycling of phytoplankton represented and environmentally abundant bacterial lineage. bloom-related organic matter (12). Comparative genomics delineated 12 phage groups that (i) each Here we present 31 genomes and 13 representative structural proteomes of Bacteroidetes phages isolated by using 17 Cellulo- represent a new genus, and (ii) represent one novel and four well- phaga host strains. This genomic and proteomic information known viral families.
[Show full text]
The Complete Genome of Zunongwangia Profunda SM-A87 Reveals Its Adaptation to the Deep-Sea Environment and Ecological Role in Se
Qin et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:247 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/247 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access TheResearch complete article genome of Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 reveals its adaptation to the deep-sea environment and ecological role in sedimentary organic nitrogen degradation Qi-Long Qin†1, Xi-Ying Zhang†1, Xu-Min Wang2, Gui-Ming Liu2, Xiu-Lan Chen1, Bin-Bin Xie1, Hong-Yue Dang3, Bai- Cheng Zhou1, Jun Yu2 and Yu-Zhong Zhang*1 Abstract Background: Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment, is an aerobic, gram- negative bacterium that represents a new genus of Flavobacteriaceae. This is the first sequenced genome of a deep-sea bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Results: The Z. profunda SM-A87 genome has a single 5 128 187-bp circular chromosome with no extrachromosomal elements and harbors 4 653 predicted protein-coding genes. SM-A87 produces a large amount of capsular polysaccharides and possesses two polysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters. It has a total of 130 peptidases, 61 of which have signal peptides. In addition to extracellular peptidases, SM-A87 also has various extracellular enzymes for carbohydrate, lipid and DNA degradation. These extracellular enzymes suggest that the bacterium is able to hydrolyze organic materials in the sediment, especially carbohydrates and proteinaceous organic nitrogen. There are two clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats in the genome, but their spacers do not match any sequences in the public sequence databases. SM-A87 is a moderate halophile. Our protein isoelectric point analysis indicates that extracellular proteins have lower predicted isoelectric points than intracellular proteins.
[Show full text]
Appendix 1. Validly Published Names, Conserved and Rejected Names, And
Appendix 1. Validly published names, conserved and rejected names, and taxonomic opinions cited in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology since publication of Volume 2 of the Second Edition of the Systematics* JEAN P. EUZÉBY New phyla Alteromonadales Bowman and McMeekin 2005, 2235VP – Valid publication: Validation List no. 106 – Effective publication: Names above the rank of class are not covered by the Rules of Bowman and McMeekin (2005) the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision), and the names of phyla are not to be regarded as having been validly published. These Anaerolineales Yamada et al. 2006, 1338VP names are listed for completeness. Bdellovibrionales Garrity et al. 2006, 1VP – Valid publication: Lentisphaerae Cho et al. 2004 – Valid publication: Validation List Validation List no. 107 – Effective publication: Garrity et al. no. 98 – Effective publication: J.C. Cho et al. (2004) (2005xxxvi) Proteobacteria Garrity et al. 2005 – Valid publication: Validation Burkholderiales Garrity et al. 2006, 1VP – Valid publication: Vali- List no. 106 – Effective publication: Garrity et al. (2005i) dation List no. 107 – Effective publication: Garrity et al. (2005xxiii) New classes Caldilineales Yamada et al. 2006, 1339VP VP Alphaproteobacteria Garrity et al. 2006, 1 – Valid publication: Campylobacterales Garrity et al. 2006, 1VP – Valid publication: Validation List no. 107 – Effective publication: Garrity et al. Validation List no. 107 – Effective publication: Garrity et al. (2005xv) (2005xxxixi) VP Anaerolineae Yamada et al. 2006, 1336 Cardiobacteriales Garrity et al. 2005, 2235VP – Valid publica- Betaproteobacteria Garrity et al. 2006, 1VP – Valid publication: tion: Validation List no. 106 – Effective publication: Garrity Validation List no. 107 – Effective publication: Garrity et al.
[Show full text]
First Insights Into the Microbiology of Three Antarctic Briny Systems of the Northern Victoria Land
diversity Review First Insights into the Microbiology of Three Antarctic Briny Systems of the Northern Victoria Land Maria Papale 1,† , Carmen Rizzo 1,2,† , Gabriella Caruso 1 , Rosabruna La Ferla 1, Giovanna Maimone 1, Angelina Lo Giudice 1,* , Maurizio Azzaro 1,‡ and Mauro Guglielmin 3,‡ 1 Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (R.L.F.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (M.A.) 2 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department BIOTECH, National Institute of Biology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-090-6015-414 † Equal contribution as ﬁrst author. ‡ Equal contribution as last author. Abstract: Different polar environments (lakes and glaciers), also in Antarctica, encapsulate brine pools characterized by a unique combination of extreme conditions, mainly in terms of high salinity and low temperature. Since 2014, we have been focusing our attention on the microbiology of brine pockets from three lakes in the Northern Victoria Land (NVL), lying in the Tarn Flat (TF) and Boulder Clay (BC) areas. The microbial communities have been analyzed for community structure by next generation sequencing, extracellular enzyme activities, metabolic potentials, and microbial abundances. In this Citation: Papale, M.; Rizzo, C.; study, we aim at reconsidering all available data to analyze the inﬂuence exerted by environmental Caruso, G.; La Ferla, R.; Maimone, G.; parameters on the community composition and activities.
[Show full text]
Complete Genome Sequence of Lutibacter Profundi LP1T Isolated
Wissuwa et al. Standards in Genomic Sciences (2017) 12:5 DOI 10.1186/s40793-016-0219-x SHORT GENOME REPORT Open Access Complete genome sequence of Lutibacter profundi LP1T isolated from an Arctic deep- sea hydrothermal vent system Juliane Wissuwa1,2, Sven Le Moine Bauer1,2, Ida Helene Steen1,2 and Runar Stokke1,2* Abstract Lutibacter profundi LP1T within the family Flavobacteriaceae was isolated from a biofilm growing on the surface of a black smoker chimney at the Loki’s Castle vent field, located on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge. The complete genome of L. profundi LP1T is the first genome to be published within the genus Lutibacter. L. profundi LP1T consists of a single 2,966,978 bp circular chromosome with a GC content of 29.8%. The genome comprises 2,537 protein-coding genes, 40 tRNA species and 2 rRNA operons. The microaerophilic, organotrophic isolate contains genes for all central carbohydrate metabolic pathways. However, genes for the oxidative branch of the pentose-phosphate-pathway, the glyoxylate shunt of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the ATP citrate lyase for reverse TCA are not present. L. profundi LP1T utilizes starch, sucrose and diverse proteinous carbon sources. In accordance, the genome harbours 130 proteases and 104 carbohydrate-active enzymes, indicating a specialization in degrading organic matter. Among a small arsenal of 24 glycosyl hydrolases, which offer the possibility to hydrolyse diverse poly- and oligosaccharides, a starch utilization cluster was identified. Furthermore, a variety of enzymes may be secreted via T9SS and contribute to the hydrolytic variety of the microorganism. Genes for gliding motility are present, which may enable the bacteria to move within the biofilm.
[Show full text]
Degradation of Algal Polysaccharides Reveals a Broad Potential for T 3901 Flavobacterium Formosa Agariphila KMM the Genome of Th
The Genome of the Alga-Associated Marine Flavobacterium Formosa agariphila KMM 3901T Reveals a Broad Potential for Degradation of Algal Polysaccharides Downloaded from Alexander J. Mann, Richard L. Hahnke, Sixing Huang, Johannes Werner, Peng Xing, Tristan Barbeyron, Bruno Huettel, Kurt Stüber, Richard Reinhardt, Jens Harder, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Rudolf I. Amann and Hanno Teeling Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2013, 79(21):6813. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01937-13. Published Ahead of Print 30 August 2013. http://aem.asm.org/ Updated information and services can be found at: http://aem.asm.org/content/79/21/6813 on February 9, 2014 by Staats-und Universitaetsbibliothek Bremen These include: SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Supplemental material REFERENCES This article cites 79 articles, 34 of which can be accessed free at: http://aem.asm.org/content/79/21/6813#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ The Genome of the Alga-Associated Marine Flavobacterium Formosa agariphila KMM 3901T Reveals a Broad Potential for Degradation of Algal Polysaccharides Downloaded from Alexander J. Mann,a,b Richard L. Hahnke,a Sixing Huang,a Johannes Werner,a,b Peng Xing,a Tristan Barbeyron,c Bruno Huettel,d Kurt Stüber,d Richard Reinhardt,d Jens Harder,a Frank Oliver Glöckner,a,b Rudolf I. Amann,a Hanno Teelinga Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germanya; Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Bremen, Germanyb; National Center of Scientiﬁc Research/Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 6, UMR 7139 Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Roscoff, Bretagne, Francec; Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Cologne, Germanyd In recent years, representatives of the Bacteroidetes have been increasingly recognized as specialists for the degradation of mac- romolecules.
[Show full text]
Features and Functions of Bacteria Associated with Phytoplankton Blooms
REVIEWS Master recyclers: features and functions of bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms Alison Buchan1, Gary R. LeCleir1, Christopher A. Gulvik2 and José M. González3 Abstract | Marine phytoplankton blooms are annual spring events that sustain active and diverse bloom-associated bacterial populations. Blooms vary considerably in terms of eukaryotic species composition and environmental conditions, but a limited number of heterotrophic bacterial lineages — primarily members of the Flavobacteriia, Alphaproteo- bacteria and Gammaproteobacteria — dominate these communities. In this Review, we discuss the central role that these bacteria have in transforming phytoplankton-derived organic matter and thus in biogeochemical nutrient cycling. On the basis of selected field and laboratory-based studies of flavobacteria and roseobacters, distinct metabolic strategies are emerging for these archetypal phytoplankton-associated taxa, which provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that dictate their behaviours during blooms. Autotrophs Phytoplankton, such as diatoms and coccolithophores, in a patchy distribution of bacterial activity throughout 6 Organisms that convert are free-floating photosynthetic organisms that are the oceans . Copiotrophic bacteria, which swiftly capital- inorganic carbon, such as CO2, found in aquatic environments. These organisms capture ize on increased carbon and nutrient concentrations at into organic compounds. energy from sunlight and transform inorganic matter both the microscale and macroscale, complement their Biological pump into organic matter (which is known as biomass). In the oligotrophic counterparts, which prefer dilute nutrient The export of phytosynthetically ocean, this organic matter is the foundation of a com- concentrations. Together, the heterotrophic bacteria, derived carbon via the sinking plex marine food web, which relies heavily on microbial which use these two distinct trophic strategies balance of particles from the illuminated transformation: approximately one-half of the carbon marine productivity.
[Show full text]
Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics of Lake Erie Ice
METAGENOMICS AND METATRANSCRIPTOMICS OF LAKE ERIE ICE Opeoluwa F. Iwaloye A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2021 Committee: Scott Rogers, Advisor Paul Morris Vipaporn Phuntumart © 2021 Opeoluwa Iwaloye All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Scott Rogers, Lake Erie is one of the five Laurentian Great Lakes, that includes three basins. The central basin is the largest, with a mean volume of 305 km2, covering an area of 16,138 km2. The ice used for this research was collected from the central basin in the winter of 2010. DNA and RNA were extracted from this ice. cDNA was synthesized from the extracted RNA, followed by the ligation of EcoRI (NotI) adapters onto the ends of the nucleic acids. These were subjected to fractionation, and the resulting nucleic acids were amplified by PCR with EcoRI (NotI) primers. The resulting amplified nucleic acids were subject to PCR amplification using 454 primers, and then were sequenced. The sequences were analyzed using BLAST, and taxonomic affiliations were determined. Information about the taxonomic affiliations, important metabolic capabilities, habitat, and special functions were compiled. With a watershed of 78,000 km2, Lake Erie is used for agricultural, forest, recreational, transportation, and industrial purposes. Among the five great lakes, it has the largest input from human activities, has a long history of eutrophication, and serves as a water source for millions of people. These anthropogenic activities have significant influences on the biological community. Multiple studies have found diverse microbial communities in Lake Erie water and sediments, including large numbers of species from the Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria, as well as a diverse set of eukaryotic taxa.
[Show full text]
Twelve Previously Unknown Phage Genera Are Ubiquitous in Global Oceans
Twelve previously unknown phage genera are ubiquitous in global oceans Karin Holmfeldta,1,2, Natalie Solonenkoa, Manesh Shahb, Kristen Corrierb, Lasse Riemannc, Nathan C. VerBerkmoesb,3, and Matthew B. Sullivana,1 aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; bChemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; and cDepartment of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingor, Denmark Edited by James L. Van Etten, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, and approved June 17, 2013 (received for review April 2, 2013) Viruses are fundamental to ecosystems ranging from oceans to (7) and deep (8) oceans and even the human gut. In humans, humans, yet our ability to study them is bottlenecked by the lack Bacteroidetes comprise 30% of the gut microbiota and play im- of ecologically relevant isolates, resulting in “unknowns” dominat- portant roles for fat storage (9) and the immune system (10). In ing culture-independent surveys. Here we present genomes from the oceans, Bacteroidetes is the third most abundant bacterial 31 phages infecting multiple strains of the aquatic bacterium Cel- phylum (7, 8), and there these bacteria are active in degrading lulophaga baltica (Bacteroidetes) to provide data for an under- biopolymers (11) and involved in recycling of phytoplankton represented and environmentally abundant bacterial lineage. bloom-related organic matter (12). Comparative genomics delineated 12 phage groups that (i) each Here we present 31 genomes and 13 representative structural proteomes of Bacteroidetes phages isolated by using 17 Cellulo- represent a new genus, and (ii) represent one novel and four well- phaga host strains. This genomic and proteomic information known viral families.
[Show full text]
Zunongwangia Atlantica Sp. Nov., Isolated from Deep-Sea Water
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2014), 64, 16–20 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.054007-0 Zunongwangia atlantica sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water Rui Shao,1,23 Qiliang Lai,1,23 Xiupian Liu,1 Fengqin Sun,1 Yaping Du,1 Guangyu Li1 and Zongze Shao1 Correspondence 1State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Zongze Shao Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic [email protected] Resources of Fujian Province, Xiamen 361005, PR China 2Life Science College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China A taxonomic study was carried out on strain 22II14-10F7T, which was isolated from the deep-sea water of the Atlantic Ocean with oil-degrading enrichment. The bacterium was Gram-stain- negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive and rod-shaped. Growth was observed at salinities from 0.5 to 15 % and at temperatures from 4 to 37 6C; it was unable to hydrolyse Tween 40, 80 or gelatin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22II14- 10F7T represented a member of the genus Zunongwangia, with highest sequence similarity of 97.3 % to Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87T, while the similarities to other species were all below 94.0 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization estimate of the similarity between strain 22II14- 10F7T and Z. profunda SM-A87T was 27.20±2.43 % according to their genome sequences. The principal fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 , iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1v7c/v6c) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1v9c or C16 : 0 10-methyl).
[Show full text]