Curriculum Vitae David Resnik
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By Patrick James Barry a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The
CONFIRMATION BIAS: STAGED STORYTELLING IN SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARINGS by Patrick James Barry A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Enoch Brater, Chair Associate Professor Martha Jones Professor Sidonie Smith Emeritus Professor James Boyd White TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 SITES OF THEATRICALITY 1 CHAPTER 2 SITES OF STORYTELLING 32 CHAPTER 3 THE TAUNTING OF AMERICA: THE SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARING OF ROBERT BORK 55 CHAPTER 4 POISON IN THE EAR: THE SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARING OF CLARENCE THOMAS 82 CHAPTER 5 THE WISE LATINA: THE SUPREME COURT CONFIRMATION HEARING OF SONIA SOTOMAYOR 112 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION: CONFIRMATION CRITIQUE 141 WORK CITED 166 ii CHAPTER 1 SITES OF THEATRICALITY The theater is a place where a nation thinks in public in front of itself. --Martin Esslin, An Anatomy of Drama (1977)1 The Supreme Court confirmation process—once a largely behind-the-scenes affair—has lately moved front-and-center onto the public stage. --Laurence Tribe, Advice and Consent (1992)2 I. In 1975 Milner Ball, then a law professor at the University of Georgia, published an article in the Stanford Law Review called “The Play’s the Thing: An Unscientific Reflection on Trials Under the Rubric of Theater.” In it, Ball argued that by looking at the actions that take place in a courtroom as a “type of theater,” we might better understand the nature of these actions and “thereby make a small contribution to an understanding of the role of law in our society.”3 At the time, Ball’s view that courtroom action had an important “theatrical quality”4 was a minority position, even a 1 Esslin, Martin. -
Statistical Fallacy: a Menace to the Field of Science
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2019 297 ISSN 2250-3153 Statistical Fallacy: A Menace to the Field of Science Kalu Emmanuel Ogbonnaya*, Benard Chibuike Okechi**, Benedict Chimezie Nwankwo*** * Department of Ind. Maths and Applied Statistics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki ** Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. *** Department of Psychology and Sociological Studies, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.9.06.2019.p9048 http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.06.2019.p9048 Abstract- Statistical fallacy has been a menace in the field of easier to understand but when used in a fallacious approach can sciences. This is mostly contributed by the misconception of trick the casual observer into believing something other than analysts and thereby led to the distrust in statistics. This research what the data shows. In some cases, statistical fallacy may be investigated the conception of students from selected accidental or unintentional. In others, it is purposeful and for the departments on statistical concepts as it relates statistical fallacy. benefits of the analyst. Students in Statistics, Economics, Psychology, and The fallacies committed intentionally refer to abuse of Banking/Finance department were randomly sampled with a statistics and the fallacy committed unintentionally refers to sample size of 36, 43, 41 and 38 respectively. A Statistical test misuse of statistics. A misuse occurs when the data or the results was conducted to obtain their conception score about statistical of analysis are unintentionally misinterpreted due to lack of concepts. A null hypothesis which states that there will be no comprehension. The fault cannot be ascribed to statistics; it lies significant difference between the students’ conception of with the user (Indrayan, 2007). -
College Voice Vol.14 No.21
Connecticut College Digital Commons @ Connecticut College 1990-1991 Student Newspapers 3-12-1991 College Voice Vol.14 No.21 Connecticut College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/ccnews_1990_1991 Recommended Citation Connecticut College, "College Voice Vol.14 No.21" (1991). 1990-1991. 4. https://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/ccnews_1990_1991/4 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Newspapers at Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. It has been accepted for inclusion in 1990-1991 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Connecticut College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author. ; _ E Volume XIV, Number 21 Ad Fontes March 12, 1991 Faculty Task Force Neglects Student Input on Evaluations question on the draft questionnaire. The question read by Michelle Moon The College Voice "How has this course contributed to your knowledge of gender and other traditionally underrepresented ~ Reg Edmonds, '92, chair of academic affairs, told the groups?" Student Government Association Assembly this week ~ According to Claire Gaudiani, '66, president of the e that a second draft of the new standardized faculty college, the faculty believed that question interfered evaluation form "bears no resemblance" to a draft with academic freedoms. "To create a political, philo- ~. which was collaborated on by a comrniuee of students sophical test for a course is, on principle, a bad idea," from the Board of Advisory Chairs (BAC) and mem- she said. J bers of an administrative Task Force on Faculty "I was not infonned of any other serious problems Evaluation. -
Misuse of Statistics in Surgical Literature
Statistics Corner Misuse of statistics in surgical literature Matthew S. Thiese1, Brenden Ronna1, Riann B. Robbins2 1Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, 2Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Correspondence to: Matthew S. Thiese, PhD, MSPH. Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational & Environment Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite C, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. Email: [email protected]. Abstract: Statistical analyses are a key part of biomedical research. Traditionally surgical research has relied upon a few statistical methods for evaluation and interpretation of data to improve clinical practice. As research methods have increased in both rigor and complexity, statistical analyses and interpretation have fallen behind. Some evidence suggests that surgical research studies are being designed and analyzed improperly given the specific study question. The goal of this article is to discuss the complexities of surgical research analyses and interpretation, and provide some resources to aid in these processes. Keywords: Statistical analysis; bias; error; study design Submitted May 03, 2016. Accepted for publication May 19, 2016. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.06.46 View this article at: http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2016.06.46 Introduction the most commonly used statistical tests of the time (6,7). Statistical methods have since become more complex Research in surgical literature is essential for furthering with a variety of tests and sub-analyses that can be used to knowledge, understanding new clinical questions, as well as interpret, understand and analyze data. -
United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics
UNITED NATIONS United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics Implementation Guidelines United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics Implementation guidelines (Final draft, subject to editing) (January 2015) Table of contents Foreword 3 Introduction 4 PART I: Implementation guidelines for the Fundamental Principles 8 RELEVANCE, IMPARTIALITY AND EQUAL ACCESS 9 PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS, SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES, AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS 22 ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY 31 PREVENTION OF MISUSE 38 SOURCES OF OFFICIAL STATISTICS 43 CONFIDENTIALITY 51 LEGISLATION 62 NATIONAL COORDINATION 68 USE OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS 80 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 91 ANNEX 98 Part II: Implementation guidelines on how to ensure independence 99 HOW TO ENSURE INDEPENDENCE 100 UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics – Implementation guidelines, 2015 2 Foreword The Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics (FPOS) are a pillar of the Global Statistical System. By enshrining our profound conviction and commitment that offi- cial statistics have to adhere to well-defined professional and scientific standards, they define us as a professional community, reaching across political, economic and cultural borders. They have stood the test of time and remain as relevant today as they were when they were first adopted over twenty years ago. In an appropriate recognition of their significance for all societies, who aspire to shape their own fates in an informed manner, the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics were adopted on 29 January 2014 at the highest political level as a General Assembly resolution (A/RES/68/261). This is, for us, a moment of great pride, but also of great responsibility and opportunity. In order for the Principles to be more than just a statement of noble intentions, we need to renew our efforts, individually and collectively, to make them the basis of our day-to-day statistical work. -
Feb 2011 Newsletter Final For
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation Newsletter February 2011 President George W. Bush Discusses His New Book “Decision Points” at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum On December 2, 2010, President George W. Bush was warmly received by Susan Ford Bales, Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation Trustees, Library and Museum staff as well as over 250 Friends of Ford for a special moderated question and answer discussion about his book, Decision Points. Susan Ford Bales, daughter of President Gerald R. Ford and Mrs. Betty Ford, introduced President Bush. She commented on the special friendship between the Bush and Ford families. Bales said “It’s a personal joy and honor today to welcome – with a big smile – a man of principle and compassion, a man of impeccable integrity and honesty, a man of courage and humility, a man my father deeply respected and was so proud to call his friend.” President Bush commented that he and Susan belong to a very exclusive club. “Children of the Presidents Club”. President Bush spoke for over an hour to an overflow crowd that listened intently. There were numerous funny moments. President Bush was asked how it feels to be a bestselling author, he said, “Some people are shocked I can even read, much less write.” He talked about the decision point President Susan Ford Bales and President George W. Bush outside President Ford’s Foundation office. Ford made to pardon Richard Nixon as being one of the great Presidential decisions. “It was a selfless decision, a decision that likely cost him the presidency,” Bush said. -
The Numbers Game - the Use and Misuse of Statistics in Civil Rights Litigation
Volume 23 Issue 1 Article 2 1977 The Numbers Game - The Use and Misuse of Statistics in Civil Rights Litigation Marcy M. Hallock Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr Part of the Civil Procedure Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Evidence Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Recommended Citation Marcy M. Hallock, The Numbers Game - The Use and Misuse of Statistics in Civil Rights Litigation, 23 Vill. L. Rev. 5 (1977). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/vlr/vol23/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Villanova Law Review by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Hallock: The Numbers Game - The Use and Misuse of Statistics in Civil Righ 1977-19781 THE NUMBERS GAME - THE USE AND MISUSE OF STATISTICS IN CIVIL RIGHTS LITIGATION MARCY M. HALLOCKt I. INTRODUCTION "In the problem of racial discrimination, statistics often tell much, and Courts listen."' "We believe it evident that if the statistics in the instant matter represent less than a shout, they certainly constitute '2 far more than a mere whisper." T HE PARTIES TO ACTIONS BROUGHT UNDER THE CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS3 have relied increasingly upon statistical 4 analyses to establish or rebut cases of unlawful discrimination. Although statistical evidence has been considered significant in actions brought to redress racial discrimination in jury selection,5 it has been used most frequently in cases of allegedly discriminatory t B.A., University of Pennsylvania, 1972; J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 1975. -
Misuse of Statistics
MISUSE OF STATISTICS Author: Rahul Dodhia Posted: May 25, 2007 Last Modified: October 15, 2007 This article is continuously updated. For the latest version, please go to www.RavenAnalytics.com/articles.php INTRODUCTION Percent Return on Investment 40 Did you know that 54% of all statistics are made up on the 30 spot? 20 Okay, you may not have fallen for that one, but there are 10 plenty of real-life examples that bait the mind. For 0 example, data from a 1988 census suggest that there is a high correlation between the number of churches and the year1 year2 number of violent crimes in US counties. The implied year3 Group B year4 Group A message from this correlation is that religion and crime are linked, and some would even use this to support the preposterous sounding hypothesis that religion causes FIGURE 1 crimes, or there is something in the nature of people that makes the two go together. That would be quite shocking, Here is the same data in more conventional but less pretty but alert statisticians would immediately point out that it format. Now it is clear that Fund A outperformed Fund B is a spurious correlation. Counties with a large number of in 3 out of 4 years, not the other way around. churches are likely to have large populations. And the larger the population, the larger the number of crimes.1 40 Percent Return on Investment Statistical literacy is not a skill that is widely accepted as Group A Group B necessary in education. Therefore a lot of misuse of 30 statistics is not intentional, just uninformed. -
Quantifying Aristotle's Fallacies
mathematics Article Quantifying Aristotle’s Fallacies Evangelos Athanassopoulos 1,* and Michael Gr. Voskoglou 2 1 Independent Researcher, Giannakopoulou 39, 27300 Gastouni, Greece 2 Department of Applied Mathematics, Graduate Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece, 22334 Patras, Greece; [email protected] or [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 July 2020; Accepted: 18 August 2020; Published: 21 August 2020 Abstract: Fallacies are logically false statements which are often considered to be true. In the “Sophistical Refutations”, the last of his six works on Logic, Aristotle identified the first thirteen of today’s many known fallacies and divided them into linguistic and non-linguistic ones. A serious problem with fallacies is that, due to their bivalent texture, they can under certain conditions disorient the nonexpert. It is, therefore, very useful to quantify each fallacy by determining the “gravity” of its consequences. This is the target of the present work, where for historical and practical reasons—the fallacies are too many to deal with all of them—our attention is restricted to Aristotle’s fallacies only. However, the tools (Probability, Statistics and Fuzzy Logic) and the methods that we use for quantifying Aristotle’s fallacies could be also used for quantifying any other fallacy, which gives the required generality to our study. Keywords: logical fallacies; Aristotle’s fallacies; probability; statistical literacy; critical thinking; fuzzy logic (FL) 1. Introduction Fallacies are logically false statements that are often considered to be true. The first fallacies appeared in the literature simultaneously with the generation of Aristotle’s bivalent Logic. In the “Sophistical Refutations” (Sophistici Elenchi), the last chapter of the collection of his six works on logic—which was named by his followers, the Peripatetics, as “Organon” (Instrument)—the great ancient Greek philosopher identified thirteen fallacies and divided them in two categories, the linguistic and non-linguistic fallacies [1]. -
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION to STATISTICS Introduction to Statistics
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS Introduction to Statistics Structure 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Meaning of Statistics 1.2.1 Statistics in Singular Sense 1.2.2 Statistics in Plural Sense 1.2.3 Definition of Statistics 1.3 Types of Statistics 1.3.1 On the Basis of Function 1.3.2 On the Basis of Distribution of Data 1.4 Scope and Use of Statistics 1.5 Limitations of Statistics 1.6 Distrust and Misuse of Statistics 1.7 Let Us Sum Up 1.8 Unit End Questions 1.9 Glossary 1.10 Suggested Readings 1.0 INTRODUCTION The word statistics has different meaning to different persons. Knowledge of statistics is applicable in day to day life in different ways. In daily life it means general calculation of items, in railway statistics means the number of trains operating, number of passenger’s freight etc. and so on. Thus statistics is used by people to take decision about the problems on the basis of different type of quantitative and qualitative information available to them. However, in behavioural sciences, the word ‘statistics’ means something different from the common concern of it. Prime function of statistic is to draw statistical inference about population on the basis of available quantitative information. Overall, statistical methods deal with reduction of data to convenient descriptive terms and drawing some inferences from them. This unit focuses on the above aspects of statistics. 1.1 OBJECTIVES After going through this unit, you will be able to: Define the term statistics; Explain the status of statistics; Describe the nature of statistics; State basic concepts used in statistics; and Analyse the uses and misuses of statistics. -
Prestructuring Multilayer Perceptrons Based on Information-Theoretic
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1-1-2011 Prestructuring Multilayer Perceptrons based on Information-Theoretic Modeling of a Partido-Alto- based Grammar for Afro-Brazilian Music: Enhanced Generalization and Principles of Parsimony, including an Investigation of Statistical Paradigms Mehmet Vurkaç Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Vurkaç, Mehmet, "Prestructuring Multilayer Perceptrons based on Information-Theoretic Modeling of a Partido-Alto-based Grammar for Afro-Brazilian Music: Enhanced Generalization and Principles of Parsimony, including an Investigation of Statistical Paradigms" (2011). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 384. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.384 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Prestructuring Multilayer Perceptrons based on Information-Theoretic Modeling of a Partido-Alto -based Grammar for Afro-Brazilian Music: Enhanced Generalization and Principles of Parsimony, including an Investigation of Statistical Paradigms by Mehmet Vurkaç A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering Dissertation Committee: George G. Lendaris, Chair Douglas V. Hall Dan Hammerstrom Marek Perkowski Brad Hansen Portland State University ©2011 ABSTRACT The present study shows that prestructuring based on domain knowledge leads to statistically significant generalization-performance improvement in artificial neural networks (NNs) of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) type, specifically in the case of a noisy real-world problem with numerous interacting variables. -
Proposal to Create a Graduate Minor in Bioethics
Center for Bioethics and Medical Humanities Proposal for a Graduate Minor in Bioethics June, 2015 [Revised September, 2015] [Revised October, 2015] Graduate Studies Committee Proposing the Graduate Program MA in Bioethics: Ryan Nash, MD, MA (Chair) Alan Litsky, MD, ScD Karla Zadnik, OD, PhD 1. Title of the proposed graduate minor: Graduate Minor in Bioethics 2. Rational for its development Currently, the University does not offer any programs on the graduate level in bioethics. In light of the established presence of bioethics as a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field, the Center for Bioethics was launched in 2013 with the task of addressing this need. An MA in Bioethics has been proposed, and a Graduate Minor in Bioethics is a natural programmatic extension of the proposed MA in Bioethics. In short, the primary rational for developing the Graduate Minor is to offer scholarship and training in ethics for graduate students in a field that warrants the University’s attention. As part of the planning process for the MA program, Ryan Nash (Director, Center for Bioethics) met with deans and directors from the OSU health campus colleges and schools—including College of Medicine, Biomedical Science, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Nursing, College of Optometry, College of Pharmacy, and College of Veterinary Medicine—to discuss the MA and Graduate Minor. The leaders from the health campus colleges and schools have all expressed agreement that a Graduate Minor in Bioethics would serve their graduate students well. Further conversations with leadership in the Colleges of Public Affairs, Law, Public Health, Social Work, the Department of Philosophy, and other “stakeholder” disciplines for bioethics have led to the same consensus that a Graduate Minor is a welcome addition for the University.