DOCSLIB.ORG

Centre for Ne.Vfounoland Studies Total of 10 Pages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Centre for Ne.Vfounoland Studies Total of 10 Pages CENTRE FOR NE.VFOUNOLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (WithOUt Aulhor's Permluion) NOTE TO USERS Page(s) missing in number only; text follows. Page(s) were scanned as received. 189 This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI SOMERSET AND DORSET CERAMICS AT SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY FERRYLAND,NEWFOUNDLAND By ©Blair Temple A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology Memorial University ofNewfoundland March, 2004 St. John's Newfoundland Library and Bibliotheque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de !'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 0-612-99120-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 0-612-99120-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a Ia Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I' Internet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve Ia propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni Ia these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a Ia loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur Ia protection de Ia vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans Ia pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. ...... Canada ABSTRACT One of the more problematic ceramic wares excavated at seventeenth-century Ferryland is that called "South Somerset". Problems associated with identification of this ceramic type are addressed here. The "South Somerset" collection has been reexamined, identifying four separate ware types from Somerset and Dorset: South Somerset-type, West Somerset-type, East Somerset-type, and Verwood-type. The frequencies of occurrence for these ceramic wares provide more evidence and information on the use on the functional and social use of particular ceramic. Using archaeological evidence from St. John's and Renews as comparisons, the occurrence and frequency of these ceramic wares at Ferryland provides insight into the trade of ceramics to seventeenth-century to Ferryland and Newfoundland. The roles particular ports played in the trade and fishery, whether sack ships or fishing ships shipped material culture such as ceramics, and possible changes in trade patterns throughout the century are all issues that have been examined using the Somerset and Dorset ceramic collections from seventeenth-century Ferryland. 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A number of people deserve many thanks for helping me throughout this thesis. First I have to thank my supervisor, Dr. Peter Pope. He originally got me interested in historical archaeology years ago, and has been an enormous help throughout this research. I would also like to thank Dr. James A. Tuck immensely for allowing me to work on ceramic materials from Ferryland, and for being available to answer any questions I had. A number of people within the Archaeology Unit were very helpful throughout the work on this thesis. In particular, Amanda Crompton, Steve Mills, and Barry Gaulton all deserve special thanks for their help and advise. I also have to thank Ellen Faoulks for her patience while searching though the boxes and boxes of pottery, and to Cathy Mathias for helping me with the endless study space problems. I also need to thank the grad students that started with me: Hank, Barb, Lori, Michelle, Ed, and Scott. In September and October of2001, I conducted research on Somerset and Dorset ceramics at a number of museum collections in southern England. I would like to gratefully thank John Allan of the Royal Albert Museum in Exeter; Les Good of the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery; David Dawson of the Somerset County Museum in Taunton, Somerset; and Penny Copland-Griffiths of the Verwood and District Pottery Trust in Blandford, Dorset. And while I unfortunately did not get to meet him personally, I would like to thank Richard Coleman-Smith for communicating with me concerning the Somerset ceramics. His interest and comments are greatly appreciated. Their support and caution for this research is much appreciated. 111 Related to the trip to England, I would like to thank the J.R. Smallwood Foundation for Newfoundland Studies for providing funding for this research trip. I would also like to thank the School of Graduate Studies for awarding me the Scotiabank Bursary for International Study, supplementing the above funding. Two years of graduate funding came from the Newfoundland Archaeological Heritage Outreach Program (NAHOP), for which I am grateful. Finally, and most importantly, I have to thank Lori. Her constant support, critical editing and never-ending patience were essential to finishing. Had it not been for her, this would have been a long time coming. She probably deserves more credit than I do. lV TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 1 Acknowledgments 11 Table of Contents lV List of Figures­ X List of Tables - Xl List ofPlates - Xll Chapter 1 - Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction - 1 1.2 Research Questions and Goals 3 1.3 Methodology - 4 1.4 Conclusions - 7 Chapter 2 -Historical Framework ofFerryland 8 2.1 Introduction - 8 2.2 Historical Background- 8 2.3 Social Structure at Ferryland - 13 2.4 History of Excavation- 14 2.4.1 Excavated Areas 15 2.5 Conclusions - 20 v Chapter 3 - Historical Background of "South Somerset" and East - 21 Dorset Ceramics 3.1 Introduction - 21 3.2 The Term "South Somerset" and its Usage - 21 3.3 Kiln Histories - 23 3.3.1 Medieval and Post-Medieval Ceramic Industry in 24 Somerset 3.3.1.1 Donyatt, south Somerset 26 3.3.1.2 Nether Stowey, west Somerset 28 3.3.1.3 Wanstrow, east Somerset 30 3.3.1.4 Dating Somerset Pottery 31 3.3.2 Medieval and Post-Medieval Ceramic 32 Industry in Dorset 3.3 .2.1 Verwood and District Potteries 34 3.4 Conclusions 38 Chapter 4- Somerset and Dorset Ceramics at Ferryland 40 4.1 Introduction - 40 4.1.1 Ceramic Typologies - 40 4.2 Area B: The Dwelling- 44 4.2.1 South Somerset-type - 46 4.2.2 Verwood-type - 51 4.2.3 Discussion 52 4.3 Area B: The Forge 53 VI 4.3.1 South Somerset-type - 54 4.3.2 Verwood-type - 54 4.3.3 Discussion 54 4.4 Area C: The Storehouse 55 4.4.1 South Somerset-type - 56 4.4.2 East and West Somerset-type- 57 4.4.3 Verwood-type - 58 4.4.4 Discussion 59 4.5 Area D: The Dwelling- 60 4.5.1 South Somerset-type - 61 4.5.2 West Somerset-type - 63 4.5.3 East Somerset-type 64 4.5.4 Verwood-type - 64 4.5.5 Discussion 64 4.6 Area F: Seventeenth-Century Domestic Middens 65 4.6.1 South Somerset-type (1620s) - 66 4.6.2 East Somerset-type (1620s) - 67 4.6.3 Verwood-type (1620s) 67 4.6.4 South Somerset-type (1640s-1690s) - 68 4.6.5 East or West Somerset-type (1640s-1690s) - 68 4.6.6 Other Somerset(?) Materials (1640s-1690s) - 68 4.6.7 Verwood-type (1640s-1690s) - 69 Vll 4.6.8 Discussion 69 4.7 Conclusions - 70 Chapter 5 - Status, Socia~ and Functional Value of Somerset 72 and Dorset Ceramics 5.1 Introduction - 72 5.2 The Social Place of Somerset and Dorset Ceramics - 72 5.3 Somerset and Dorset Ceramics: Within the Household 78 5.4 Utilitarian Function of Somerset and Dorset at Ferryland 80 5.5 Conclusion and Discussion - 87 Chapter 6 -Pre Restoration Ceramic Trade to Ferryland 89 6.1 Introduction - 89 6. 2 Mechanics of Trade - 89 6.2.1 The Sack Ship- 90 6.2.2 The Practice ofPortage 92 6.3 Methodology - 93 6.4 Shipping and Trade to Newfoundland in the Early - 93 Seventeenth-Century 6.5 Pre-Restoration Ceramic Trade to Ferryland- 94 6.5.1 Early Seventeenth-Century Somerset - 99 Ceramic Trade 6.5.2 Early Seventeenth-Century Verwood-type Trade 108 6.6 Mid Seventeenth-Century Somerset and Dorset 110 Ceramic Trade to Ferryland vm 6. 7 Pre/Post-Restoration Trade Shift 113 6.8 Conclusions - 114 Chapter 7- Late Seventeenth-Century Ceramic Trade to Ferryland- 116 7.1 Introduction - 116 7.2 The Origin of Goods - 116 7.3 Comparisons - 120 7.3.1 St. John's 121 7.3 .2 Renews 126 7.4 English Ports and Newfoundland Harbours - 131 7.5 Ceramic Trade to Ferryland - 133 7.5.1 South Somerset-type Trade - 135 7.5.2 West Somerset-type Trade 142 7.5.3 East Somerset-type Trade 143 7.5.4 Verwood-type- 145 7.6 Conclusions - 151 Chapter 8 - Conclusions 152 8.1 Introduction - 152 8.2 Research Conclusions- 152 8.2.1 Pottery Function 152 8.2.2 Pottery Trade - 153 8.3 Research Value and Importance 155 lX 8.4 Future Research 157 Appendix A- New England Redwares 161 Bibliography - 166 Plates - 189 X LIST OF
Load more

Recommended publications
  • D 1KB LI 1^1
    .« p..^—»«=.».^»,— » ~-pppf^l^J^P^ :d 1KB LI 1^1 c?-/? mlTeraiiir Cakntrar, /(,'/; uiB y:i:Ai!. 19 06-19 7 Vol. II m. :i,(Mjin:«, FJOiAis, and co,, i,n:,, i;i;Ai' L0>'1>0X. XEW YUEK, AN D 1' • - 1907, ^-'V?^'c«-a?or. vw. ~jun^>c<x-.oiEMMueHlBCdaB9 tiB I tyjwmmwpp Large 8vo, C/ofh. pp. xxvi + 606. Price 70/6 net CATALOGUE MANUSCRIPTS Hibrarp of €rinitp College, SDublin TO WHICH IS ADOKD A LIST OF THE FAGEL COLLECTION OF MAPS IN THE SAME LIBRARY COMPILKD BY T. K. ABBOTT, B.D., D.Litt. (librarian) DUBLIN: HODGES, FIGGIS, AND CO., Limited. LONDON : LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. ['] THE BOOK OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, 1591—1891- Descriptive and Historical Account of the College from its Foundation, with 22 Full-page Plates, and 50 Illustra- tions in the Text, consisting of Views, Plans, and Portraits of Famous Members. CONTENTS. CHAPS. i.-iv. —From the Foundation to the close of the Eighteenth Century. By the Eev. J. P. Mahaffy, d.d. v.— During the Nineteenth Century. By the Eev. J. W. Stubbs, d.d. VI. —The Observatory, Dunsink. By Sir Eobeut Ball, ll.d. VII. —The Library. By the Eev. T. K.Abbott, b.d., litt.d.. Librarian, VIII. —The Early Buildings. By Ulick E. Burke, m.a. IX.—Distinguished Graduates. By "W. M'Neile Dixon, ll.r. X.— The College Plate. By the Eev. J. P. Mahaffy, d.d. XI. —The Botanical Gardens and Herbarium. By E. Perceval Wbioht, M.D. XII. —The University and College Officers, 1892. Ode for the Tercentenary Festival.
    [Show full text]
  • Avalon and Maryland: a Comparative Historical Archaeology of the Seventeenth­ Century New World Provinces of the Lords Baltimore (1621-1644)
    AVALON AND MARYLAND: A COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE SEVENTEENTH­ CENTURY NEW WORLD PROVINCES OF THE LORDS BALTIMORE (1621-1644) by Aaron F. Miller A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fu lfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology Memorial University ofNewfoundland February 2013 St. John' s Newfoundland Abstract The Calverts, a seventeenth-century English family headed by the first and second Lords Baltimore left a remarkable colonial legacy in North America. The Lords Baltimore established not one but two colonies in the 1620s and 1630s, the first becoming the Province of A val on in Newfoundland and the second the Province of Maryland. Avalon and Maryland examines the defining aspects of these two colonial ventures in order to better comprehend the history and archaeology of each as well as the differences in the two works and how the experiences at the first influenced the implementation of the second. The individuals who designed and applied those proposals at the two colonies are key to understanding the decisions made. George Calvert's governmental career and economic pursuits propelled his Newfoundland colony but his evolving settlement goals would change the nature of that work and come to define Maryland. His young heir Cecil took on this design and it would prove to be his life ' s work. The appointed leaders of the two colonies also played a crucial role in the on-the-ground decisions and based on George Calvert' s perceived problems at Newfoundland there was a shift from the leadership of military men to a trusted fami ly member at Maryland.
    [Show full text]
  • What Ladies and Gentlemen Ate for Dinner: the Analysis of Faunal Materials Recovered from a Seventeenth-Century High-Status English Household, Ferryland, Newfoundland
    Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-57470-6 Our file Notre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-57470-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduce, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador
    AD ...;; "" . .. l · ·~·· / . •, \ : 'I I; .... .;.~ \ 'f' Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador Editor in Chief Joseph R. S111llllwood P.C. , D.C .L. , LL.D., D . Litt. Managing Editor Robert D. W Pitt H.A.,M.A. Volume One NEWFOUNDLAND BOOK PUBLISHERS (1967) LIMITED @Newfoundland Book Publishers (I 967) Limited First Edition 1981 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador Contents: v.l. A-E. ISBN 0-920508-13-8 (set). -ISBN 0-920508-14-6 (v.1) 1. Newfoundland- Dictionaries and encyclopedias. 2. Labrador- Dictionaries and encyclopedias. I. Smallwood, Joseph R., 1900- II. Pitt, Robert D.W. 1953- FC2154.E52 971.8'003'21 C81-095040-5 F1121.4.E52 Front Endpapers: Giacamo GastaJdi Map, originally engraved from a single wood block that was destroyed by fire in 1557. The map shown was later re-engraved on copper with minor changes from the woodcut. Back Endpapers: J.N. Bellin Map, originally published in 1745, was the official French version of the outline of Newfoundland at that time. Published by Newfoundland Book Publishers (1967) Limited St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Cover and Text design by Vivant Studio Limited (Sheila Cotton) Rose Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada The Economy design by Wayne C. Stockwood and David Tuck St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Production co-ordination by B. Dale Russell FitzPatrick St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Typesetting by General Printers Division of Consolidated Graphics Limited Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Typesetting (The Economy) by Collins Graphics Services Limited St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada Printed and bound by John Deyell Company Lindsay, Ontario, Canada All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century Peter E
    Fish into Wine Fish the newfoundland plantation in the seventeenth century peter e. pope Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Virginia, by the University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London into Wine The Omohundro © 2004 The University of North Carolina Press Institute of Early All rights reserved Set in Monticello type American History by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America and Culture is sponsored jointly Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data by the College of Pope, Peter Edward, 1946– Fish into wine : the Newfoundland plantation in the William and Mary seventeenth century / Peter E. Pope. p. cm. and the Colonial Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8078-2910-2 (alk. paper) — Williamsburg isbn 0-8078-5576-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Newfoundland and Labrador—Social life and customs— Foundation. On 17th century. 2. Newfoundland and Labrador—Economic conditions—17th century. 3. Plantation life—Newfoundland November 15, 1996, and Labrador—History—17th century. 4. Frontier and the Institute adopted pioneer life—Newfoundland and Labrador. 5. English— Newfoundland and Labrador—History—17th century. the present name in 6. Cod fisheries—Newfoundland and Labrador—History— 17th century. 7. Land settlement—Newfoundland and honor of a bequest Labrador—History—17th century. 8. Newfoundland and Labrador—Emigration and immigration—History—17th from Malvern H. century. 9. England—Emigration and immigration— History—17th century. I. Omohundro Institute of Early Omohundro, Jr. American History & Culture. II. Title. f1123.p66 2004 971.8'01—dc22 2004002521 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyse Des Macro-Restes Végétaux Du Site Colonial De Ferryland (Terre-Neuve, Canada)
    MARIE-ANNICK PRÉVOST ANALYSE DES MACRO-RESTES VÉGÉTAUX DU SITE COLONIAL DE FERRYLAND (TERRE-NEUVE, CANADA) Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université Laval dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en archéologie pour l’obtention du grade de maître ès arts (MA) DÉPARTEMENT D’HISTOIRE FACULTÉ DES LETTRES UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL QUÉBEC 2008 © Marie-Annick Prévost, 2008 Résumé La morue des bancs de Terre-Neuve (Canada) a dès le XVIe siècle attitré les Européens en Amérique, bien que ce ne soit qu’au début du siècle suivant qu’on assiste à l’installation de colonies permanentes, comme celle de Ferryland fondée par les Anglais (1621-1696). L’analyse des macro-restes végétaux (incluant les charbons de bois) prélevés lors des fouilles archéologiques effectuées sur ce site a permis de mieux comprendre les interrelations entre les habitants et leur environnement. Leur alimentation était composée d’une grande variété de fruits sauvages indigènes ainsi que de céréales, de pois, de fines herbes et de fruits séchés d’origine étrangère. On ne sait pas si l’agriculture était surtout pratiquée sur place ou si les denrées étaient principalement importées. Les habitants auraient également utilisé les ressources végétales (bois, branches de conifères, sphaigne) pour la construction et le chauffage. En outre, les activités menées par les habitants auraient pu faciliter l’introduction de nombreuses mauvaises herbes d’origine étrangère. Abstract The rich cod stocks of Newfoundland’s Grand Banks (Canada) attracted Europeans to the Americas from the sixteenth century onwards. However, the establishment of permanent colonies like that of Ferryland, founded by the English (1621-1696), date to the seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • As Well As Any Beere": the Seventeenth-Century Brewhouse and Bakery At
    "As well as any beere": The Seventeenth-Century Brewhouse and Bakery at Ferryland, Newfoundland by © Arthur R. Clausnitzer Jr A Thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Department of Archaeology Memorial University of Newfoundland July 2011 St. John's Newfoundland Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre r6f6rence ISBN: 978-0-494-81864-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-81864-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Wabana 493 Wabana
    WABANA 493 Wabana WABANA (inc. 1950; pop. 1991, 3608). Wabana is the went on an unsuccessful strike, asking for 12 cents an largest community on Bell Island qv. The history of hour, a raise of2 cents. Four years later, 1600 workers Wabana is closely tied to the development of the struck, demanding a raise to 15 cents an hour. Some mines. As early as 1578, Anthony Parkhurst qv noted 1100 of them belonged to the Wabana Workmen and the presence of iron ore on Bell Island. In 1612, in­ Labourers Union, led by Thomas St. John. The bitter vestor Percival Willoughby qv was informed by Henry strike was ended by what became known as 'the Treaty Crout that, "the like land is not in Newfoundland for ofi<.elligrews': the men were given raises but the union good earth and great hope of Irone stone" (Cell). was dissolved. Willoughby attempted, unsuccessfully, to gain owner­ The total population of Bell Island was 1320 in ship of the island. There appears to have been some 1901, and included 199 miners. Other miners com­ attempt at mining the ore c. 1819; Lewis Anspach qv muted to work from around Conception Bay, many of noted a mine at Back Cove, but gave no details. In them living in company "mess shacks" during the 1891, just before full-scale commercial mining began, week and returning home on weekends. By 1911, 265 709 people were living on Bell Island, fishing and miners and their families, in a total population of 1604 farming. In 1895 the Butler family of Topsail gained people were living in the area around the mines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Seventeenth-Century English Cod Fisheries of Newfoundland and New
    The Seventeenth-Century English Cod Fisheries of Newfoundland and New England, circa 1600-1713: An Archaeological and Historical Comparison By © Arthur R. Clausnitzer Jr. A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland May 2018 St. John’s Newfoundland ABSTRACT This dissertation presents the results of a comparative study of English colonial- period fisheries sites from the Gulf of Maine and the English Shore of Newfoundland. Through a combination of archaeological and historical analysis, this dissertation sought to answer questions about the role of early resource-extraction industries in colonial societies, especially regarding the transition from a migratory to a permanent European presence in North America, and the construction of new social structures and identities. The expansion of Europeans into North America was motivated by a desire for new sources of wealth; the Atlantic Cod was one of the most important of these resources. The lightly salted and dried flesh of the codfish possessed not only economic, but also social, political, and strategic value. European exploitation of North American cod began at the start of the 16th century in Newfoundland; within the century it expanded southward to the Gulf of Maine and the adjacent New England territories of Massachusetts Bay and Maine. European exploitation in both regions originated with the cod fishery, yet by the end of the 17th century, differences had appeared in the social structures of English settlements in each region. Newfoundland remained largely dependent on the health and success of the cod fisheries to maintain its social structures.
    [Show full text]