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E A TENTS

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. FRANCE.

June 24th, 1873. May i6th, 1877. May i8th, 1877.

TRADE MARKS :

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN.

Registered No. 5,896. Registered No. 15,979.

DIRECTIONS.

Use but little moisture, and only on ihe gummed lines. Press the scrap on without wetting it.

DANIEL SLOTE A COMPANY,

NEW YORK.

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burg, Pa.; Joseph C. Rooney, Captain V lull OF m GUARDS, D. Stauffer, August Stone, John Weldez and Sergeant Theodore Wenditz, city. Following are the names of the ad¬ First Gathering of a Famous Company ditional survivors who were unable to be present: Edw. F. Barr, New York; B. F. Since the War. Benedict, Philadelphia; Thomas J. Bitzer,' Gap; Sergeant W. J. Cake, Liverpool, N. j Y.; James Coffee, (unknown); Lieut. FIGHTING THE OLD BATTLES OVER. George W. Engle, Wirt,- Ill.; Sergeant Strickler R. Everts, James G. Fiahet, Edw. Frankford. city; Captain John C. ■Nineteen of the Fifty-four Survivors of Com¬ Harvey, Harrisburg; H. J. Hlestand, Sa- pany B, Which Was Organized by Members lunga; Jacob D. Hines, Oakland, Cali¬ of the Union Fire Company, Meet Around fornia; Thompson Kieffer, Canton, Ohio; the Banquet Board, Geo. W. Kendig, Philadelphia; Robert B. _ Marshband, Soldiers’ Home, Erie, Pa.; Geo. B. Miller, Oil City; Samuel S. Miller, On Tuesday evening one of the most city; Grabill B. Myers, Indiana; Harry enjoyable occasions celebrated in this Metzger, Pennsylvania; A. F. Nyman, city for some time was the reunion of the Philadelphia; George H. Ochs, Litltz; Union Guards, organized by the members Washington O’Rourke, Mobile, Ala.; Theo. I of the Union Fire Company, No. 1, of thi3 C. Parvin, Philadelphia; Thos. P. Price, city, who were afterwards known as Soldiers’ Home, HamptOD, Va.; Patrick Company B, First Regiment, P. R. Y. 0 , Quinn, city; J, B. Renner, Cincinnati, O.; Third Division, Fifth Corps, Army of the , Isaac B. Steers, Goshen Bridge, Va.; Frank Potomac. The festivities were held at the J. Stlnehelser, Columbia; James Strachen, . People’s Restaurant, Harrisburg; S. S. Strachen, Washington, 1 It was the first reunion since the war, D. C.; Corporal George K. Swope, Lin-1 and, as stated by those present, it was the wood, Pa.; Joseph R. Thomas, Blaine, j most pleasing event of their lives. Exten¬ Wa3h.; Henry C. Yarnes, Manassas, Va.; sive arrangements had been made for Colonel Milton Weidler, Portland, Ore.; the occasion. There are fifty-four mem¬ Corporal John M. Wertz, Lyons, Iowa. bers of the company living, but only nine¬ The following Sons of Veterans were teen were able to be preeent at the first re¬ also present: John D. Stauffer, Edward union. D. Sprecher, Alfred N. Rock, Harry E. Prior to the banquet the survivors gave Keller, J. Calvin Weidel, J. S. Greena¬ i a short street parade, and at 9 o’clock they walt, W. H. Hamp, Jr., C. A. Wendltz, repaired to the dining room where Amos Wendltz, Harry Wenditz, William j several large tables were spread with the Afflebach and George D. Brientnall. I following Inviting menu: The invited guests present were: Lewis, Little Neck Clams. Clam Soup. Haldy, H. E. Slaymaker and Prof. John Fried Oysters. Roast Turkey. B. Kevlnski. Chicken Salad. Sergeant Miles Rock was made toast¬ Cheese. Cold Ham. master, and the following toasts were re¬ Baked Beans and Hard Tack sponded to: “Union Guards,” Capt. W. Eggs. I'lckles. Beets. D. Stauffer; “Services of Company B, Wheat and Bye Bread. Fruit. Cake3. First P. R. Y. C.,” Charles Bowman and Coffee. Tea. Milk. Philip L. Sprecher; “Our Survivors and Mr. Charles A. Wendltz was caterer. Invited Guests,” Lewis A. Rauch; “Sons The table was handsomely decorated with of Veterans of Company B,” Edward D. flowers and American fD.gs. Above the Sprecher; “Snap Shots,” by those present. table was suspended a sword which was Captain Stauffer gave a brief history of captured by Captain Philip L. Spreaher the company from the timo of its or¬ from a rebel officer at the battle or ganization until they went to the front. Antietam, for which he was promoted. Company B was organized on April 19, The following survivors gathered around 1861, thirty-four years ago. Thirty-three the banquet board: Charles Bowmso, years ago they marched to the Pennsylva-! Philadelphia; A. B. Greenawalt, Millers- nia station to go to West Chester, where ; ville; Franklin S. Haines, W. H. Hamp, they went Into camp. From there they city; Sergeant P. M. Heiser, Cumberland went to the front, where they fought county; Sergeant William Hoffmeier, city; bravely until June, 1864, when their terms expired. The sompany consisted of 116 Geo. W. Harner, Jeffersonville, Pa.; H. C. j men, fifty-four of whom are still living. I McCauley, Reading; M. Y. B. Keller, They took part In many important battles. ; Jacob M.Mlller,. Sergeant Lewis A. Rauch, city; Sergeant Miles Rock, Philadelphia; At the conclusion of the remarks of ( Tbos. J. Steers, Parkersburg, W. Va., Captain Stauffer some very interesting i Captain Philip L. Sprecher, Chambers- episodes of the late war were told by the I members present, and wit and humor reigned supreme. who ga to the wo Sergeant Miles Rock delivered a most civxiiza.t I so this on a entertaining address on the difficulties Mills of insylvania, not between Mexico and Guatemala, in refer- what sir iliar line, that enceJQ the disputed boundary line, i from the t stately halls of its curing the meeting Councilman Wil iam many who shall, and do, stand ^fflebach, a son of a veteran, learned for educators and exp ments of | the first time the true facts of his father’s vancing and broadening civil •! death at the battle of the Wilderness, Meditation upon these and | where he was shot by a rebel soldier. Mr. thoughts induced us to give them Rauch stated that Mr. Afflebach was one sion through the columns of your valuable of the bravest and most fearless-soldiers in journal. the company, and he was standing- by his The purpose of our visit was more j side when he fell dead from a hall which particularly to one of our country’s great entered his abdomen. institutions of learning, located in ttis j Letters of regret were read from the fol • beautiful but grand old town, Lehigh ; lowing veterans who were unable to be University. A stroll through the growing ■present: W. J. Cake, Liverpool, N. Y.; nod thriving boroughs, however, awakened ■ Wash. O’Rourke, Mobile, Ala : Isaac B our curiosity, and inquiry revealed much Steers, Goshen Budge, Va.; George F. that we were before ignorant of,or of which Swope, Linwcod, Fa.; Joseph R. Thomas, we had only a very superficial knowl¬ Blaine,Washington; John M. Wertz, Lyons, edge. As we wandered leisurely through Iowa. the broad and well-shaded streets, noting At 1 o’clock this morning the survivors the substantial and homelike appearance arose to their feet and proclaimed that the of the dwellings, the grounds surrounding war is over and Sergeant Rock remarked: which abound with fern, flower and "It this Is war (meaning the reunion), let shrub, Hie mind was busy with the problem us have more of it.” of whence and why this thriving settle¬ On motion of Mr. Rauch, a permanent ment—what was the inspiration lying at organization was effected by the election the bottom of the movement that gave it of the following officers to serve during birth? the ensuing year: President, W. D. Stauf- That indispensable individual to be 'fer; vice president, Charles Bowman; sec¬ found in every ancient or modern com¬ retary, Lewis A. Rauch; assistant sccra- munity,the “old inhabitant,” was appealed | tary, M. Y. B. Keller; treasurer, Theo. to, 'from whom we gleaned many of Wenditz. the facts herein noted. The founding of The above officers had charge of the re¬ Bethlehem, like many other communities union, and they wore tendered a unani¬ scattered over this broad, free land of mous vote of thanks__I ours, was the direct result of religious persecution in foreign lands. The settlement of what is now a trinity ID HISTORIC BETHLEHEM. of busy, pushing towns (South, West and Bethlehem proper) dates back to 1741, and the first settlers left their homes in Ger¬ Impressions of the Town and Vicinity many because worshiping according to Upon a Lancastrian. ■ the dictates of their own conscience was denied them. The pioneer of these hardy immigrants was one David Nitschmann, TALK WITH THE “OLD INHABITANT.” then in the sixty-fourth year of his age, and a staunch Moravian, as were all the] ' Tlie Apparent Incongruity of a Big Armor others. In fact it was an exclusive Mora¬ vian settlement, and remained so for more Blate Plant in the Settlement of a Sect than one hundred years after its founding, Avowedly Opposed to War—The Great the church or congregation owning every University of Lehigh. foot of ground. During this first one| hundred years ot its existence none but members of its church could engage in . To the Editor of The Examinee. any business of the place. In other words, Home of the readers of The Examiner to be a citizen you bad to be a church may perhaps be interested in learning the member. During the first twenty years impressions made upon a LaBcastiian of its organization a speoies of com¬ , by bis first virIt to one of Pennsylvania’s munism, so far at least as the temporal ancient and historic towns, Bethlehem. affairs of the community were concerned, The verv name (house of bread) is sug¬ was observed, everything being done ac¬ gestive of antiquity as well as of peculiar cording to the orders of the heads of the interest, recalling as it does the one of the congregation, and trio product of the in- j far distant past, nestling among the hills dividual was equally divided for the sup-. of Judea, made famous as the birthplace port of the while. The brethren lived in| ■ one that was more than a schr 1 r and | , ,,, a 1 [liberality of the late Son. "As t Packer, of a separate house, and ate at one camjaop, ■ > 1 3 > 1 1 1 •Afdndh’Chuuk, Pa., wjho in 1865 donated table and slept In dormitories. Th’o > ,fftf’tRe*.pivrpose $500,qt)0 and one hundred order was observed by the mart fed pdr- ’ and fifty acres of groiiud. Iu addition to sons, sisters and widows, each class having this, at his death he secured to the uni¬ their separate dwelling and table. About versity an endowment of $1,500,000 and to 1763 the brethren were permitted to build the library one of $500,000. houses, but could uot purchase the grouod. The buildings, a half score in number, They were also allowed to sell these are of elaborate and strikingly handsome dwellings, but only to the brethren of architectural design and finish, arnf the 'their own faith. Such was the order of interior appointments are entirely in keep¬ ! things until 1811, when the town was ing with the exterior. The location, on i thrown open to all who wished to come. the slope of the mountain, could not be In our perambulations we discovered improved upon. The equipment of the j that there are still some reminders of the departments devoted to the technical ancient customs of this zealous and pros- coursi s are of the latest and mest approved |perou8 people, among which we noticed pattern. Lest, however, we mi^ht tire the “Sisters’ House’’ and the “Widows’ the reader, w^i shall refer to but I House.” a few details in one of the many As a religious sect, they were opposed buildings, that of the physical laboratory (to taking up arms, except ia self-defense; This handsome structure is of stone, as I nevertheless they gave substantial aid to are all the others, 235 feet by 60 feet, and the causa of liberty by maintaining four stories high. On the giound floor is hospitals for the care of the sick and the senior elect:ical laboratory, with j wounded during the Revolutionary War. steam engine, dynamos, motors and all Such is a very hrief, but no doubt more appliances, battery, balance calorimetric or less imperf ect outline of the early history rooms and workshops. A portion of this of this venerable town, the principal seat story is also fitted up and carefully lgj Moraviaidsin in this country. I arranged for delicate work. The use of ’ Standing, a few days ago. on one of the iron has been avoided wherever possible ^substantial iron bridges that, span the Lehigh river, with tae grand and imposing Gas and steam mains, pipes, radiators, etc , 3 are all of brass. A hall more than 200 feet ^buildings of the university in the fore¬ long can be darkened for long range work ground and the smoking and puffing of a score or more of rolling mills and furnaces I in testing lamps. Under this floor Is the to the left, there came to our mind in “cave” or even temperature room, com¬ review, as by contrast, the past with the pletely enclosed with solid masonry. present. The second story contains the ]UDior This community once so primitive and electrical laboratory, 56 by 44 feet; the mechanical laboratory, 60 by 44 feet, with peaceful, jealously guarding its hearth tables for eighty students; a library, and home from the encroachments of the a time and two balance rooms, with floors outside world, is today employing more than thirty-five hundred people in the resting on solid stone arches. The fore¬ going are only a few of the appliances various departments of the Bethlehem Iron Company’s works. Amoug its used in the practical demonstration of the specialties are the latest productions of various liDes of studies. The other build¬ steel armor plates for the protection of ings are all equally well equipped for the the modern war ship, and then in seeming purposes to which they are set apart. contradiction, by this sam9 concern, every A view from Universily Park reveals effort known to science and skill is put much of the picturesque in and about forth in the construction of a monster Bethlehem. Skirting the southern border, cannon with the sole object of the pierc¬ and dividing it from its sister, flow the ing and breaking of just such plates, either dark but quiet waters of the Lehigh, aod of their own or other make. Ia the manu¬ just beyoud it3 banks, rising in a gentle facture of these plates, we were informed, slope, begins the as-ent of South is used the largest and heaviest hammer Mountain, the towering height of which of its kind in the world. Its weight, in¬ may be seen stretching away mile upon cluding piston, is one hundred aDd twenty- mile, while the fertile valley lying in five tons, or 250,000 pounds. The anvil peaceful slleDce at its base affords a con¬ for resisting the stroke of this enormous tinuation of beautiful scenery rarely to be met with. The towns, for there are three piece of metal is built up of immense steel of them, Bethlehem, South Bethlehem slabs, the mass weighing more than 1,800 and West Bethlehem, are so closely inter¬ tons. Ail the parts connected with this locked that a stranger haroly distinguishes gigantic piece of mechanism were manu¬ between them, and all give internal factured.in the company’s iron works. evidence of refinement and thrift But crossing the bridge we continue our Its railroad facilities are especially: way and enter the campus or paik of the good, among which is an electric university, which is an outgrowth of the line to and beyond Allentown, the latter 4 ° *> o • • e- _oc„ f ® e* •• t c ' ; ;«• • ■ « .

•>t five milo*, the faro^of which is ,e cents, and the coiitinu$)5jJc|rowcl^*d . . «tt#.was early morning in June. I had I >I l .**. tijrne.fi aside from the crowd to seek the cars show the wisdom of the{ nyvtjagers/nj r..' ! .* * V'iolZ^nfl shade of colonial Ephrata, a vil¬ thisiespect. The place has many hand¬ lage twenty short miles jfrom Reading, and some churches'of the different denomina¬ a baker’s dozen from Lancaster. Before the tions, as well as many noted educational train left the Terminal a friend admonished me again and again: “Be sure you see the | institutions, among which is the Moravian old ’Kloster,' or what’s left of it, antU don’t! seminary for young ladies, the oldest miss getting that bit about the beautiful nun' boarding school for girls in America, of who loved Friedsam and who illuminated j which the accomplished scholar and late the letters, and there's the story of the pastor of the Moravian church,of this city, basket," but here the train pulled out. After arriving at Ephrata I did not fol- '■ the Rev. J. Max Hark, D D., is low the tourists’ path leading to Ephrata principal. Rev. Clarence E. Eborman, Mountain Springs, a charming summer re¬ Dr. Hark’ s successor In Lancaster, is a sort, but instead made direct for the “Klos- native of Bethlehem, haviDg been horn ter,” which was burnt down a few years ago. there in 1W53, and is a graduate of the Passing over the Cocalico bridge, which name translated means “cave of serpents,” parochial school, and also of the the quaint, high, narrow-roofed houses camei Moravian College and Theological Sem¬ into view, the walls black from age and inary. There are also many hand¬ exposure, with funny little windows irreg-j some residences and beautiful and ularly and unequally ..distributed. Their appearance is strangely grotesque. well kept lawns, particularly so on Stopping at one of the smaller houses,j what is known as Fountain Hill. the doorway of which was so low that only We will only add to what has already persons below the average height could grown to be too lengthy an article, that enter without compulsory obeisance. I took, here, as elsewhere, t! e growth and pros- out my sketch book and began drawing aj few lights and shadows when a demure! peiity of the peorl« and place owe much Dunker matron half-shyly accosted me. to the push and keen loiesight of its news¬ “We are just going to eat dinner. Maybe papers, wnich in this case are ably con¬ you would like some victuals, too!” ducted and always on the alert for that which will prove to the permanent interest It was an unlooked for opportunity and I hastened to embrace it. After the meal, of the community. D. C. H. which was over at eleven, Joel, the hus¬ - band of my impromptu hostess, volunteered to show me some places of interest. We went over to one of the main buildings of the same style of architecture, containing two and a half stories. The ground floor was From,. O cemented and the corridor seemed deserted as it re-echoed our footsteps. On each side were small cells, ten feet long, five feet wide and seven feet high. Little narrow windows let in a feeble light. The doors had wooden hinges and latches. Locks were unknown. Here it was the Solitary Breth¬ Date, U ren, as the followers of Conrad Beisrel, aft¬ 7-./ erwards known as Friedsam, were called, wooed sleep after a long day’s labor on the farm, a stone bench for their couch, a wooden billet for their pillow. The loft of this house would make glad the heart of any curio lover. Great rafters of oak are held to the beams by wooden I pegs. Not a nail is to be seen. There is OltD EPHRATA a grand melange of chased flagons and gob- • lets, trays of wood and brass, small tables, carved book stands intended to hold but one ROW DEGAYED large volume, hour glasses, communion ves¬ sels, quaint candlestick, knives, forks, spoons, plates, all made by the Solitary A VISIT TO THE FORMER HOME OF Brethren. Personally I would have much preferred to linger in the monastery attic, FRIEDSAM’S FOLLOWERS. redolent with the musty air of long ages. These fragmentary evidences of a mediaeval past delighted my soul, but Joel was anxious to depart. We made out way across the ROMANCES OF THE MONASTERY meadows, where pond lilies were swaying with the tiny waves, and I east a regretful The Almost Deserted, Forlorn Village Where glance at the roses climbing the mouldy walls of the house we had left. Once a Prosperous Sect Dived and Prospered. The next building we entered was the Quaint Stories and Stirring Romances Told | sister house, convent, or, properly speak¬ by the Few Who Still Dwell Near the Home ing, the “Saron.” The cells in the “Sarou" had been mostly modernized into rooms. of the Good Brethren and Sisters. There was little to see here. Presumably an old woman, who, at first sight looked like an animated fish net stretched out to dry, so wrinkled and parched was her skin, stepped out from a neighboring ceil and asked Joel if I had seen the basket. | •‘Tlie very tliiug\n T“saia, whereupon they showed me a small cell with the same nar¬ aTJarfl day’s toil in the field, for they drew row doorway that characterized them all, their owns plows, the stranger visited Fried¬ and in which was an immense round ham¬ sam in his cell and made the confession that per. Of course I fell into the trap at once he and the beautiful nun were about to fore¬ and naturally asked how it got there. swear their vows and leave Ephrata to be It catne about like this: One of the nuns married. Friedsam listened motionlessly. had unwisely formed an attachment for one When the stranger had gone Friedsam bf the “brethren,” which was warmly re¬ pulled the bell cord that stretched from the ciprocated. Now. one of the inviolate rules brother to the sister house and called the S of the sect, the Siebentager, was that while order to prayer. It was a solemn procession, there should be perfect freedom among the the men and women in their sombre capu¬ sexes, the relations must always be pla¬ chin garb, carrying small paper lanterns tonic. Unfortunately a pretty face and deep to light their path to the chapel, or “Saal." " sentiment are no respecters? of code. Fried^ Only the stranger and the beautiful nun | sam took the matter in hand, reasoned with i were absent. Already they had left for the ’ the worldly sister, and soon the little love world behind the hills. No imprecations or was apparently driven out from the “Sa- maledictions were heaped upon the erring ron.” The nun plied industriously day in ones. Friedsam, in a moment of great re¬ ! and day out. in her solitary cell, at the ligious fervor, made an eloquent appeal to ' wickerwork she was shaping into a basket. heaven for the return of the wanderers. Shortly after its completion she died, some 1 While they were praying the sister for , say of a broken heart. A sileut face of stone whom the prayers of all were being offered, marks her grave in the quiet cemetery. But entered, a sobbing penitent, begging forgive¬ the basket? Well, it was too large to pass ness. and pleading as only a woman can to through the cell passage, and there it has be admitted again to the fold. Her wish remained since 1703 in everlasting merno- was granted. She remained in the sister¬ riaru. ' hood after that and illuminated the letters in exquisite arabesques and quaint, graceful Among the followers of Friedsam who emblematic designs, which may be seen in * came over from Switzerland was* a young the quarto volumes at Ephrata to-day. The woman of noble family. She was not only nun’s name was changed to Anastasia, the beautiful of face and form, but was endowed resurrected. Of her genius the “Chrouic-ou ■with unusual musical talent, besides being Ephratense” will tell you. Of her love for a skilful artist in decorative texts. That she Friedsam and his devotion to her there is found favor in the eyes of all the commu¬ no record other than has been handed down nity goes without saying. Friedsam loved from each generation. her with a depth that would have been an The stranger was never heard of after I absorbing passion in any other man. He that memorable night. kept his love a secret, however—buried it, I did not try to probe too deeply the life | though all that’s buried is not dead, as sub¬ of these good people. It might have caused sequent events proved. them pain, with an uncongenial and super¬ About this time a young man appeared at fluous result. Though I have shaken the Ephrata. He. too, was of high birth, a white dust of their historic village from my I German and an alien. He was in sore physi¬ feet, I mean to retrace my steps and learn cal distress when the “Solitary Brethren” more about the old monastery, the last sur- • found him lying by the wayside. They took viving members of which became incorpo- him to Friedsam. who ordered that he be ratetd under the laws of Pennsylvania as nursed and carefully tended, for the man Seventh Day Baptists. II was undoubtedly ill. Eventually the stran¬ ger got well, when he pleaded to become a brother. He was a philosophical student, a man of knowledge and education. He , adopted the customs and peculiar dress of 1 the Brotherhood, which consisted of loose undergarments, and an outer robe reach- ' ing down to the ankles, girdled in at the i- waist. From the neck of this robe hung a hood, which served as a head covering when such was needed. Hooks and eyes were used instead of buttons. The few descend¬ ants of the sect still cling to this custom. There was no differentiation among the I sexes, so far as dress went. Both wore the » same garb and both went barefooted when the weather permitted. While their religion was eminently prac- ! tical, while profoundly ascetic, a mystic ele¬ ment of hidden, impassioned love, played no small part in their devotions, evidence of ■ which may be seen in their hymns, many of them really rapturous love songs, Fried- , sam expounded the doctrine of celibacy, claiming that marriage was impure. It is * remarkable that these people were gentle, unselfish, tender hearted; many possessed an unusual degree of beauty and courage. They cultivated a quiet, refined hospitable courtesy which has been inherited by their direct descendants, the Mennonites.

But to return to our romance. One even¬

i ing--- after the Brethren had all retired after in stops. Of same thing get a lead held, and I would, for they mine. So I gave spinnaker on the ly, the wind di heavily at that n sail broken out s was in my mout ter stood in the forward of the n looked at the top we held the Thi had her when wi balloon jib, topsa: “As the yacht der the lee of St? hauled a little n and with a feelir saw Driscoll take got mine in, at boom topped up. I would take in, ji ter’s visit to the place. The interior of this stately home S was decorated with tapestry repre¬ EN MILES north senting German noblemen on horse-1 of the city of Lan¬ back hunting with falcons, and the caster by rail, in fireplaces were studded with quaint the heart of the porcelain tiles decorated with Bible fertile Chiques scenes and some with hits of Holland Valley, surround¬ landscapes. ed by a low range The Baron built the Manheim glass' of hills, lies the works and a furnace at Elizabeth town of Manheim. (now Brlclcerville), which he named in About the middle honor of his wife. Nothing more of the last cen¬ beautiful in glassware is made by tury Baron Henry William Stlegel, a the manufacturers of to-day than the nobleman from the town of Mann¬ exquisite specimens produced by those heim, Germany, came to Lancaster works years ago and which resemble county and laid out a town like that Bohemian glass. of his birthplace. There he built him¬ It is said that this iron master’s self a fine mansion and furnished it liberality and extravagance led to his with the most extravagant taste. failure and eventually to imprison¬ This was in 1775 the most _ costly ments for debt. A petition signed by|j residence in the State outside of him requesting his release from the Philadelphia. The bricks used in its “gaol” calls forth the sympathy from construction were all imported from every generous heart. England and hauled to Manheim In his palmy days he granted a from Philadelphia by the Baron’s plot of ground to the Lutheran own team. On the roof of the man¬ Church for the consideration of the sion was a long balcony, after the payment of a red rose annually as fashion of most colonial residences rental. This beautiful custom is still at that time, where his band sat and strictly adhered^ to. Every June a played on the occasions of. _ the mas- ii_ iiiisioiy ana restored as nearly as pos- sible the objects to their original con¬ dition. Mr. George H. Danner, who started this scheme, is a man considerably I beyond middle age, and has been col¬ lecting material for his museum nearly all his life. In a fire-proof room over his store is the museum, where the ifihrS , articles are arranged, and Mr. Danner generously opens his room free to visi tors every Thursday in the week, 4fell when the interesting relics may be examined. He has done a great deal of service to the people of Manheim and vicinity

STYLES OF 1 S12 TO 1S3J.

| “Feast of Roses” is held in the church By rescuing trom destruction and | and the rent paid to the surviving bringing to the light of the world relatives of the illustrious Baron. The hundreds of articles that have a great old church has long since been re¬ historical significance to the vicinity. moved and an imposing structure | Mr. Danner first began collecting (^erected on the historic plot. The1 objects relating chiefly to his ances¬ same fate befell the mansion and the , tors, and it is these articles that he glass works, with the exception, of j prizes most highly. There is a clario¬ the Baron’s office, which still remains I net of boxwood and a school globe unchanged as in the olden times. made by his father, and the lettering This house is in a good state of pres- ( and maps drawn on it with quill and ervation, and resembled the mansion I ink by an uncle with painstaking, in style, though simpler in its archi¬ accuracy and precision. Then there tectural construction. The houses of i are the old family Bibles, ponderous the present town .are mostly modern compositions of leather, wood and in appearance, built of red brick and paper, and the kitchen dresser filled wood, in a conventional style of ar¬ with choice china and bric-a-brac, chitecture, with here and there traces many pieces of which are' heirlooms of colonial times. of his ancestors. There are two main streets, with a j Nearby is a group of furniture large square in the heart of the town,1 which is arranged like a bed room, the whole forming the letter H, the I about a century ago. There Is a. bed bar of the letter being formed by the j with four high posts connected by square. j an arch and covered with a canopy In view of the rapidly disappearing of drapery material. The pillow traces of the good old times of the cases are of calico patchwork of a forefathers and the things which they queer old-fashioned pattern, which, made and used, and to awaken an it is said, sold at $1.00 per yard at that interest in local history in the hearts time. It dates back to 1799. of coming generations, a prominent The old wood stove, with its queer and wealthy citizen of the town has drum or heater, stands near. Con¬ made a collection of objects of local veniently near is the bellows, which . tection for the head, and also-—-, body from the sun and rain. The bon¬ net of 1831, no doubt, belonged to the heroine of the song “Coming Through the Rye,” and we are not surprised that “If a body kiss a body”1 with such a head dress on there would not be any occasion for embarrass¬ ment, or even a “cry.” Another cap was worn at the reception of Lafa¬ yette at Lancaster in 1825. “I have some more of Lafavette’-s j relics, but we will take a look at Baron Stiegel’s relics before we pro-' kindly.^ further>'’ said Danner,

™nh<\ViSit°I was then shown the rare collection of relics of this illustrious and eccentric nobleman. Of course I the glassware is the center of attrac- i tion, arranged on a solid mahogany table, formerly the baron’s. The glass i J® rare owing to the fact that the .baron possessed the special art of j m&kmg it, so that upon being struck witn a pencil or some other object it gives a sound as loud and clear as a bell. This, the visitor was told, is a lost art to-day. A dozen pieces com-! | prise the collection, aUdWm them a musician could play a melody. There are goblets and bowls of dainty shapes and exquisite coloring, ranging from a bottle green to deep wine color and mauve. The tiles used in the mantelpieces, mentioned before, are shown together with the letter written by the baron while in “gaol,” j also the chart of Manheim borough. Just a few feet away is one of the stoves made at Elizabeth furnace, bearing the baron’s name and the place of manufacture. The general plan of the stove does not differ much from those made at that period, but none of the stoves made elsewhere The clock is from the monastery at were ornamented with such beautiful Ephrata, anpiano, like those used in Wash¬ 'ightened age of steam and elec- ington’s time. Its tone is something ity. The millinery case is also in¬ like the harp, and is exceedingly re-J sting. A beaver hat worn in 1812 fined and delicate. Some zithers are Id do a double service as a pro¬ also shown, but the greatest novelty; ! is a piano with a drum attachment, pottery of the red men are carefully1 1 which was made in Dresden. mounted in cases and labeled. Of j The largest collection by far is the arrow-heads found in the neighbor¬ glassware and china. This is ar- hood Mr. Danner has arranged I ranged everywhere on the walls, form- pictures of bows, arrows, hatchets, j ing Mr. Danner’s initials, stars | pipes, etc., in a very ingenious man- and other fanciful patterns, and on ! ner. j dozens df tables. Among them are' His Gettysburg relics are also very 1 many specimens of early pottery and I valuable. {china made in Philadelphia, and dec-1 A collection of stuffed birds and orated with scenery from Fairmount animals, and one of marine life, park and waterworks and notable together w'ith pieces of furniture of buildings. Campaign scenes were also fine workmanship but less rich in a popular decoration at that time. [ history, are some of the minor objects These are the Lafayette relics, and of importance. we gathered around a mahogany! From the windows of the museum center table, at which the noted j a charming view of the town and patriot sat to dine while the nation’s : surrounding country may be obtained, guest -at Baltimore in 1824. It is a and the winding course of the pic- substantially-built piece of furniture, turesaues Chiques can be traced to the with beautiful carved., claw feet. On blue forest-clad South Mountains, to it is the “old blue” ware containing the cooling springs of which it o-wes it^ historic pictures of Lafayette’s life, birth. w- s- R- his home, and the incidents connected with him. The Indian relics alone are worth going a long distance to' see. All the tools, implements of war, idols and TBfjO, quite a severelfccltl^was felt in i and in the surrounding country. It THE EARTH TREMBLE^ pea,red to have been local, as it was no! visibly noticed elsewhire. This shock BUT COMPARATIVELY FEW PEOPLE IN created a decided sensation in this city. :! 1 On the night of November 7, 1866, t LANCASTER KNEW IT. 11 o’clock, quite a severe shock was fel1 in this county, it being peculiarly maniv fested in the vicinity" of New Holland Nevertheless There Were Two Dis¬ On August 10, 1884, a slight shock wai tinct Beismlc Shocks While the Town noticed in this vicinity. On March 10, 1885, a shock was felt a Slumbered Early 8unday Morning. Quarry ville, and in other localities in the southern end of the county. Earthquake shores were distinctly felt Oa Sunday afterno ju, August 31, 1836 in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey a very severe shock was felt in this and Delaware on Sunday morning. city, clocks being stopped by it and The tremor lasted hut a few seconds, dishes rattling in the closets. A verj and, as far as reported, did no damage. large clock owned by John F. Seliner, o The severest shocks seem to have been No. 120 North Prince street, stopped at a felt at Coney Island and along the Jersey short time after 3 o’clock. This trembling shore, where buildings rocked noticeably of the earth was noticed in every section and window panes were shattered. The of the Eastern states, and was the earth¬ delicate seismic recorders at Washington quake which did so much damage at were not disturbed by the earthquake. Charleston, S. C. THE SHOCK FELT IN' LANCASTEE. At six o’clock on the afternoon of The shocks, of which there were two, March 8,1889 a very heavy seismic disturb¬ the first occurring about three o’clock in ance was felt in this section ofthe country. the morning and the second shortly Many buildings were shaken by it and after six were distinctly felt on North some people compared it to the motion Duke and East King streets in this city. made by a train of cars leaving the track Window shutters that were left open on and bumping from tie to tie, others . f Saturday night were violently closed in thought that a terrible explosion had oc¬ the night, and the earthquake is held re¬ curred somewhere in the city. It lasted sponsible. fully half a minut8 and was the heaviest shock experienced in this locality. A representative of the Intelligences The shock of Sept. 17, 1865, which was called at the college observatory, for the purely local in its character, was at¬ purpose of ascertaining from Prof. Kersch- tributed to a slipping of rock or ground in ner if the instruments at that institution an underground cave which was supposed had registered any disturbance and the exact time of its being felt. Prof. Kersch- to be under certain sections of Lancaster city. This cave was said to be filled with ner being absent from the city no infor •> water as a number of eyeless catfish had mai ion was secured, but the seismograph been caught in the Conestoga creek near has probably made an autographic record Graeft’s Landing. of the shocks which he will be able to These fish were examined by Prof. E. read on his return. Cope, of Philadelphia, who came here for There was no disturbance of the instru¬ the purpose of making special investiga¬ ments at the telephone exchange. The tion into the existence of this cave. He operators there say they did not know named the fish Gronias Nigrila.hris, as they there was an earthquake until informed were a distinct species found nowhere by an Intelligencee representative. else. There were rnmors on the town at 0. K. Zellers, of Mt. Joy, was asleep the time of the bottom having fallen out when the earthquake reached that town. of the well on the premises He was awakened and at the time thought on East Orange street, formerly that some one was shaking his bed. owned by Hugh Maxwell. This rumor, The shock was also felt at Farmersville however, was untrue. The presence of and other sections of the county. the eyeless catfish in the Conestoga indi¬ FOEMEE LOCAL SEISMIC SHOCKS. cated the existence of an underground Prior to this shock there have been ex¬ stream of water with an outlet into the perienced in this county nine shocks. Conestoga, but none of our local scientists The first recorded one occurred on Febru¬ have ever been able to locate the stream ary 5, 1737, and was felt at^Conestogoe, cave. and the record of it is preserved in the Colonial Records. The next occurred on February 5, 1834, From,. and is mentioned in the Betlicmia Palla¬ It dium, it having been felt only in that section of this county. \ £ tZZ According to Hazard’s Register a heavy 3hock was experienced in this city, Col¬ umbia and Marietta on February 12, 1834. Date, „jf On Sunday afternoon September 17, •v.A' Redmond Cbuyngham, giaudtather of the well-kuowu young attorney ct the same man, who with Elizabeth, his wife, occu¬ pied it for about fifteen years. It was then IE IN P11DISE conveyed to Mr. Fetterand bis wife, Laura and during t.beir residence was used las an academy. It. was then sold to ,1. Hay Brown, Esq., About to Become Mis. Susan Wardle, from whom the late Robert S. Mellvaine purchased tlio Owner of “Oak Hill,” lit about 1808.- Mr. Mellvaine iesided I there until liis death a couple of years ago. It lias been occupied part of tbe time s'ace A HISTOEIC OLD MAKSIOiL by Mr. W. L.’Cooper, supervisor of the Pennsylvania railroad. It will be seen It Was Built in 181G by Dr. John Carpenter from the above sketch that tbe old mansion lias a very interesting history of emiueut and Occupied Ever Since by Mem¬ people connected with it. Mr. Brown, it bers of Families of Historic is understood, intends making extensive improvements to the house and grounds, Prominence. and v/ill occupy it as a summer residence.

The Paradise correspondent of The jloENiNG News writes that J. Hay Brown, sq., has purchased of A. P. and J. P. Mc- Ivaine, executors of Robert S. Mcllvaine’s Istate, the large mansion house and eight cres of ground known as “Oak Hill,” the Consideration being §4,000. Mr. \V. U. lensel stated last evening that he iad been negotiating for the property or Mr. Brown, but that the sale tail not actually taken place. Ho ad- uitted that an offer had been nade for the property, hut it had not ret been accepted. Our Paradise corre- ipoudent, however, who besides being a very reliable authority is in close touch with the executors, Messrs. A. P. and J. [’. Mellvaine, has doubtless learned from Tuesday Will be a Memorable Day for them that they will accept the offe'y and their decision will probably be adc the Catholics of This City. known to Mr. Hensel in a day or two, and the property will then pass iuto Mr. Brown’s possession. WILL BE A DOUBLE CELEBRATION.; The house is a handsome old stone structure and stands on au eminence along the Lancaster and Philadelphia turnpike just midway between the village of Para¬ Twenty-Fifth Anniversary of the Founding of dise and Leamau Place and about a half the Parish and Laying of the Corner-Stone | mile distant from each. On the north side of tire New Parochial School and Institute. I i of the turnpike is the Paradise Presby¬ Visiting Dignitaries and Societies-3'. rief terian church, “Oak Hill” being directly opposite on the south side, about three History of the Church. hundred yards from the pike and about a hundred feet above it, the ground sloping gently from the bouse to the turnpike, Tuesday, September 24, will be a memor¬ having, until very recently been a spacious able day in the history of St. Anthony’s j and well-kept lawn filled with boxwood Catholic church, of this city. As pro-j hedges aud old-fashioned shrubbery. viously announced, it will be the sliver The house was erected in IS Id by Dr. jubilee celebration of the church, which John Carpenter, a member of the promi¬ was founded just twenty-five years ago. nent family of that name, numerous de- Although the corner-stone was laid on seeudeuts of which still reside in the east¬ August 14, 1870, toe celebration of ern part of the county, and some in this the twenty-fifth anniversary of thi3 6vcnt city. Dr. Carpenter died not lopg after its will take place on Tuesday, it having completion aud it then passed into the been postponed owing to the absence from hands of Francis and Thomas B. Burrowes, the country of Bishop McGovern on the \vho were relatives of Dr. Carpen¬ anniversary day. An important feature ter, and who were closely c ig'nected with the family of that name now- living in Lancaster. The next owner was j.'ofebratlon which adds significance locaTsBcIetfeSl —7 e parishioners as well'as the pastor Captain Henry Ramsing ?till be chief of St. Anthony’?, the Very Rev. Father marshal and B F. Houser chief of stall Anthony Francis Kaul, i3 the consecration The parade will form at l’:30 o’clock on of the church free of .debt to the perpetual East Orange street, light resting on Duke. service of Ohiist. In connection with this Tbe line will move promptly at 2;15 o’clock the corner-rAone of St. Anthony’s new over the following route:»Orange to Pine, Parochial School and Institute, the erec¬ to Dorwart, to St. Joseph|to Strawberry, tion of which, was recently begun by to Vine, to South Duke, to Orange, to j Father Kaul, will be laid on Tuesday, and Franklin, countermarch to St. Anthony’s the day will therefore be one of two-fold church. celebration. Elaborate preparations have At a meeting of the chief marshal and been made for the fitting celebration of assistants,held last evening,tbe mako-up of the day, and It will be a gala occasion for the two divisions of the parade was the Catholics of the city. decided upon. Another meeting wiil be Another important event in the history held Sunday afternoon, when arrange¬ of the church which the day will com¬ ments will be perfected. memorate will be the twenty-sixth anni¬ The corner-stone will be laid at 3:30 versary of the pastorate of Rev. Kaul, the o’clock with impressive ceremonies. Rt. founder of St. Anthony’s parish, in this Rev. Bishop McGovern will preach the city-. It was on September 24,1809, that English sermoD, and Mgr. Joseph Schroe- he came to Lancaster as assistant rector der, of tli© Catholic University, of Wash¬ of St. Joseph’s parish, about three ington, D. C., will preach in German if it months after his ordination, and the silver is possible for him to be present. Should jubilee commemorative of this event, he be absent, Rev. Dr. S. M. Weist will yvhich was held last year, wa3 also a red preach in the German language. letter event in the history of the church. MANY VISITORS EXPECTED. THE ORDER OF EXERCISES. Father Kaul has extended Invitations to The order of exercises for Tuesday’s moro than eighty piiests in this and other celebration ha3 been arranged as follows: State?, and he expects a large number to The celebration will begin at 6 o'clock be present. lie has already received re¬ In the morning, when the consecration sponses from moro than half of them. services will be held. These will be In addition to the many Catholic digni¬ participated in only by the clergy, and taries who will likely be present, it is ex¬ will not be public. The services will be pected that large delegations of uniformed In charge of Rt. Rev. Bishop Loo Haid, of societies from Harrisburg, Reading, York, North Carolina. Father Seubert, of Columbia and other places will take part Harrisburg, wiil be master of ceremonies, in the exercises of the day. and he will bo assisted by Rev. C. A The headquarters for the visiting so¬ Burger, of St. Anthony’s. cieties will be at Fred. C. Ruof’s Central Solemn Pontifical Mass will be cele¬ Cafe, where the local societies ha7e made brated at 10 o’clock and this service will arrangements to serve refreshments and be open to the public. In order to avoid entertain them. overcrowding an admission fee will he BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE charged. The mass will be celebrated by CHORCH Lit. Rev. Bishop McGovern, of the Harris¬ A brief historical sketch of the church burg Diocese, assisted by Very Rev. which is about to celebrate the first quar^ Joseph Keen, vicar general llev. A. ter century of its existence may be of Jlirist, of Lebanon, and Rev. Julius Foin, inteiest at the present time. >f Hanover, will be deacons of honor, St. Anthony's parish was founded in tb^ lev. S. M. Weist, D. D., of Elizabethtown, spring of 1870, and the late Very Rev. will officiate as deacon; Rev. Henry Father Bernard Keenan committed the Janas, of Carlisle, sub-deacon, and Rev. | duty of organizing the parish and building _ J. L. Benton, of Steelton, as master of a church to Rev. A. F. Kaul, who was’ ceremonies. Rt. Rev. Bishop llaid will then assistant rector at St. Joseph’s. That rroacli the sermon in English, and Rev. no better choice could have been made is Jeo Borneman, of Reading, will preach evident from the present flourishing con¬ n German. dition of tbe church and its institutions DINNER TO THE CLERGY. The duty was arduous, but by his inde¬ At 1:30 o’clock the visiting clergy will fatigability Father Kaul won the love and be entertained at dinner, which will he admiration of Lancaster Catholics, and served In St. Joseph’s Hall. his solicitations for subscriptions and his THE CORNER-STONE LAYING. zealous labor met with every encourage¬ The most interesting feature of the day’s ment. The fruits of his labors speak for exercises will be the laying of the corner¬ themselves. stone of the new parochial school and in- The plot of ground on which the church ’titute. Prior to these ceremonies there stands was purchased for $3,500. Ground HI be a street parade of the visiting and was broken and work began in the first I we«-kfin MyT -1870 Although the parish WAS A MONSTER. j was then small indications warranted the j erection of a large edifice and plans were I -- I secured from -a Philadelphia architect. Work was pushed so rapidly that three Fort Wayne Turns Out as Never months after the first spade was struck the ! corner-stone was laid. This took place Before in History. (on August 14,1870, with impressive ceie- I monies. At that time the parish numbered 300 Most Splendid Parade Ever or 400 people Today it has a membership of nearly 1,500. On April 9,1871, the base¬ Seen in the City—Centeu- ment of the new edifice was dedicated nial Attractions. for services, and on Whitmonday, May 17, 1875, the church proper was dedicated with interesting and highly impressive cere¬ monies. The Fort Wayne centennial cele¬ The parochial school attached to the bration was participated in by more parish was opened In one-half of the people yesterday than were ever church basement, September, 1871, with seen in the streets of this city be¬ two lay teachers, and in September, 1873, fore. the Sisters of the Holy Cross from JSotre The day was perfect, the streets Dame, Indiana, took charge. At the same jammed and packed with visitors time they opened a young ladies’ boarding and citizens, there was no dissen- school known as Sacred Heart Academy. tions and the crowd was quiet, or¬ In the spring of 1876 the lot at the corner , derly and well behaved. of Ann and Orange streets, opposite the The parade was the big feature of church, was purchased by Father Kaul the day. Sceptical folk, who didn’t and he erected the present commodious school building, Sacred Eeart Academy, believe that Fort Wayne could turn which is one of the leading institutions of out, are not in town to-day. The its kind In the State, at an expenditure of phrade exceeded all expectations. It 130,000. Great credit reflects on Father was strung over the streets of the Kaul and the good Sisters in charge for city. To Col. Graves, chief marshal, ; the high standing of this institution today. Adjt. Allen H. Dougall, and the! In the summer of 1873 Father Kaul pur¬ marshals of divisions, is due great! chased four acres of lsndatGroffstown for credit for the soldierly way in which a cemetery and in 1892 purchased four ad¬ the parade was handled. There was joining acres, on which was erected a no confusion. The long line moved dwelling occupied by the man in charge briskly and marched over the line of of the grounds. In 1871 Father Kaul march from start to finish without a erected the present parochial residence, break. and in 1888 it was improved and enlarged To describe the magnificence of to its present size. this monster aggregation would be The beautiful new parochial school and impossible. Equally so to make par¬ institute, which is being erected on a site adjoining the church on the efcst, and the ticular mention of the fine appear¬ corner stone of which will be laid on ance of the divisions and companies- Tuesday afternoon, will add another to 1 Suffice it to say that the like of it the iosututioDS of St Anthony which will was never seen in this part of the stand as a monument in memory of the country and the flower of Fort founder and present pastor of the church, Wayne's citizens were proud to do Rev. A. F. Kaul. honor to her centennial by appear¬ ing in the ranks. An Old Manuscript. We have before us an old manu¬ script history of Fort Wayne, written and enclosed in a letter by Henry Rudisill to Peter McConomy, of Lan¬ caster, Pa., and bears the postmark of December 22, 1843. with the regu¬ lar postal charge, “25c” noted just above the address. A large proportion of the history is, of course, included in later works that have, from time to time, been cents-a hundred. . published. A resv points that we Speaking of the prosperity of Fort have not observed in tbe general his¬ Wayne he rays that upward of two1 tories current, we will mention. hundred houses have been erected Mr. Rudisil notes thatl the Indians during the last season, including living on the St. Josephs and St. some very fine ones. He mentions Mary’s were called “To-ah-to-ak,” live three-story brick buildings for while those on the Wabash were stores, “one very extensive and1 called “Why-ah.” He says that it 1 splendid| brick hotel on Main street was the Jesuit missionaries who by Michael Hedekin.” came to the thriving Indiau village The price of improved land in the that then stood here in 1682, that county is given at from $10 .to $20 gave the names to the rivers in this per acre, and of unimproved at from region. The St. Mary’s and the St. $2.50 to $6. Josephs still retain the name j He says the farmers are becoming the Jesuits gave, but the name “St. satisfied that for this vicinity wheat Jerome,” which they gave to the is the surest crop, but that in fair Wabash, has long ago been abandon¬ seasons we have very good crops of ed. corn. He notes the importance of this Of building materials he says: place as a trading point, and says Brick sell at $3 50 per M ; stone for that travelers on their journey from foundations, $1 per perch; lumber, New Orleans or the Mississippi to on the average, $10 per M. Montreal and Quebec came always by Provisions rate thus: Flour, $3 50 way of Fort Wayne because they per barrel; pork, $2 to $2.50 per hun¬ could come by light canoes up the dred. In view of all the advantages Wabash to within six miles of Fort here offered he gives it as his opin¬ Wayne, and this short distance was ion that “a young and enterprising the only portage on the entire route. farmer or mechanic just beginning Indeed, he observes that there had business, could do no better than by been seasons when they could force emigrating to this country.” their canoes over from the Wabash Mr. Rudisill was i himself an early into the St. Mary’s. resident, having taken up his resi¬ After speaking of the disastrous dence here in 1829. He was the expeditions of Harmer and St. Clair, agent of Barr and McCorkle, who and the successful campaign of Gen. bought the site of this city. In 1836, Wayne, which ended in the treaty of * in conjunction with his father-in-law, Greenville, he says that by "the Mr. Johns, he began the improve¬ terms of that treaty the Indians ment of the St. Joseph water power ceded a half township of land, in¬ and erected what is known as Rudi- cluding the town site of Fort Wayne, sill’s mill, about three-fourth3 of a at that time and several adjoining mile above the head of the Maumee. Indian villages. In 1824 the land He also set up the first machine here owned here by the government was for carding wool. He was a Demo- < sold and the part on which Fort crat in politics, so far as state and Wayne is built, was bought by John national issues were concerned but ? T. Barr, of Baltimore, Maryland, and in local matters would vote for the John McCorkle, of Piqua, Ohio. best man without regarcf to party. These gentlemen had their tract He was postmaster for eight years j platted, and invited settlers to come under Jackson’s administration, and in and buy at very moderate prices. served a term as county commis¬ He then gives an account of the sioner. He was an active supporter '• inception of the Wabash and Erie of churches and schools, and in every canal. The gift of every alternate way a most valuable citizen. He tier of sections of land for five miles died in 1858 from the effect of in¬ on either side of the canal by the juries received in a fall that occurred government in aid of the building of to him while superintending some, this waterway. The canal was com¬ work in one of his mills. pleted, and as he says, was in “suc¬ cessful operation” at the date of his writing. As evidence of its useful¬ ness he savs that flour has been car- ried from Fort Wayne to New York for $1.18 and goods have been deliv¬ ered here from New York for 90) 15

e’rsliste dat, CIkdnberabnrg. Those who >d>id not cilre! fo Ire-enlist were mustered j out and the depleted ranks were filled with new recruits. The field officers all remained except Major Jobes,whose place was filled by the promotion of Captain Robert Bell. The regiment had in all | 2,000 men on their rolls. They saw j plenty of service and with one exception j lost more men than any other cavalry regiment engaged in the war. The regi¬ ment was mustered out of service at Ap¬ pomattox. The association was organized six years ago. The officers of the association at present are: President, Major Robert Beil, of Gettysburg; vice presidents, Captain Wm. H. Boyd, of Reading, and Sergeants. M. Manifold, of York; recording secretary, P. SIXTH REUNION OF THE TWENTY-FIRST R. Welsh, of Waynesboro; financial secre¬ tary, A. K. Belt, of Washington, D. C ;! CAVALRY ASSOCIATION. treasurer, Captain, James T. Long, of1 Gettysburg; historian, Dr. E. C. Kitchen, ! A Hundred or More Veterans Gather Bromfieldville, Berks county; chaplain, J. Q A. Youn/, Shrewsberry, York county. Here—A Business Meeting in G. A. The meeting was called to order at K. Hall and Banquet at a Hotel. 10 o’clock by President Major Bell, and when the roll was called the follow¬ The fifth reunion of the Twenty-first ing members were found to be pres¬ Pennsylvania Cavalry association was ent: Major C. F. Gilles, Washington, held in Lancaster to-day, and it brought D. C.; Major Robert Bell, Granite together a largejnumber of comrades who Hill, Adams county; Assistant Sur¬ met to conduct their annual business and geon E. C. Kitchen, Broomfieldville, have a talk over events of the past, when Berks county; Lieutenant James L. they tvere soldiers on the field of battle. Long, Gettysburg; First Sergeant The meeting was held in Grand Army S. M. Manifold, York; J. W. Collias, hall, in the Kepler building, but the Parke, York county; H. M. Gross, Me- headquarters of the association was at chaniesburg; David Lawler, Areadtsville, Captain Elias McMellen’s Exchange hotel, Adams county; David Poff, Long Level, at which place all gathered this morning. York county; C. B. Smith, Harrisburg; The Twenty-first.cavalry was recruited W. L. Winter, A. H. Bell, Washington. during the early part of Jnly, 1863, by D. C.; J. H. Honck, Menallen, Adams 1 authority of Governor Curtin, under the county; George C. Beecher, Yorx; George . president’s call of June loth for cavalry Honck. Scotland; J. W. Orr, Orrtanna; for six months service. The members of Enoch Ritter, Upper Strasburg, Franklin the regiment were recruited in York, county; Samuel Sherman, Fayetteville, Adams, Franklin, Cambria, Bedford and Franklin county; John C. Taylor, Gettys¬ ‘ Lancaster counties,Companies I andG were burg; J. W. Dean, Harrisburg; Henry ) from this county. The former was made PinkertoD, Lancaster; J. H. Carbaugh, 1 up of men of this city and was in com¬ Chambersburg; J. H. Crawford, Fayette¬ mand of Captain Elias McMellen, who ville,Franklin connty; E. S. Ffory, Alien- lives here and was one of the most earnest walk, Franklin county; G. A. Minnich, workers at to-day’s meeting. This was the Chambersburg; S. A. Mowers, Fayetts- color company of the regiment. Company ville; George Zellinger, Chambersburg; G was recruited about Quarryville and T. M. Mahon, Chambersburg; Lieutenant lower down in the county. Xne captain was H. B. Kendig, Altoona; A. J. Parsons, the late William L. Phillips, of Mt. Hope, J. H. Horrocke, Johnstown; Jacob and near Qaarryville, who died after return- ' William Livingston, York Springs, Adams ' ing from the war. The field officers of county; Lieutenant William Chandler, the regiment were Colonel W. H. Boyd, Chestnut Level;* Ellis Harlan, Truce, who died in Washington some years ago; Lancaster county; John A. Howard, Scot¬ lieutenant colonel, Richard F. Mosson; land; Peter McMichael, Qaarryville; majors, Charles F. Gillies, Oliver B. E. D. Reynolds, Refton; Hiram Knowles and John W. Jones. The regi¬ Miller, Lancaster; John Rinear, Lan¬ ment was equipped at Camp Conch, at caster; Harvey Seiple, Quarryville; Harrisburg, and sent to Chambersbnrg El wood Smedley, Fulton House; L. for instructions. Companies were 8,ftei- j A. Wickersham, Strasburg; C. C. Mc¬ wards seat to Pottsville, Scranton and Daniel, Arendtsville; Captain Elias Mc¬ Gettysburg, and five of them went to Mellen, Lancaster; J. H. Brubaker, Harper’s Ferry and were engaged in the Elizabethtown; Jacob Motzer, Lebanon; department of Shenandoah. In January, J. H. Ranch, Palmyra; I. N. S. Will, 1864, the regiment was reorganized under Elizabethtown; Elijah Jones, Sylvester an order from the war department, and McComaey, Unicorn; I. B Bair, Lancaster; I more than two- thirds of the regiment .uel Badders, ',C. neezle, Lancaster; *fii 4n(eft&£<'Wtf6$tn ■„ •** itfev. Clarence E.Eberman Preaches theAnni- A. Kieflfer,Lancaster jJehBi^neitiget,CtfaW- versary Sermon at the Morning Service. bersbtug; George dwisher, Greencastle; Samuel Monath, Chambarsburg; P. R. Love Feast in the Afternoon. Welsh, Waynesboro; Lieutenant John A. Devers, Roanoke, Virginia; C. C. Hayer, The one hundred and forev-ninth anni¬ Greencastle; G. T. Murphms, Philadel¬ versary of the founding of the Moravian phia; W. H. Shirely, Scotland; Thomas D. Windle, Coatesville. church in this city was made the subject of Prominent among the above members a special sermon by Rev. Clarence E. Eber- are T. M. Mahon, of ChamberBburg, who man, the pastor, at the morning service is a congressman. Lieutenant Devers, of and a love feast in tli^ afternoon. Mr. Roanoke, was wounded about as badly as Eberman took as bis text I Timothy iii, 15: any man in the war who survived. He was struck in the side by a 12-poundshell “The house of God, which is the church of at Petersburg on June 21, 1864, and sev¬ the living God, the pillar and ground o' eral of his ribs were crushed in. He lin¬ the truth”—and from this preached an gered for a long time between life and earnest sermon to his congregation. death, but to-day he was as lively as any¬ Among other things be said; “In the body. ceaseless swing of time thfe historic occasion After the roll had been called the treasurer’s report was read and was after¬ of our congregation’s birthday lias come to wards audited and found correct. Reports us again; and we are asked, by all the of different committees were read. The memories that cluster around these time- secretary read a large number of letters honored walls, by the influences which from comrades in different parts of the touch us aud thrill ns from the country country who were unable to attend the beyond the skies, and of those of our own meeting. J and of this church, who are its witnesses The following ladies were elected hon¬ above—we are asked to enter into the orary members of the association : Mrs. spirit of this historic celebration, and to J. T. Pensinger, Mrs. H. M Gross, Mrs receive a new inspiration for the honorable Bertie Belt, Mrs. Lizzie Hunter, Mrs. and blessed services which will yet be Elias McMellen, Mrs. James S. Long, offered to us, as living members of the Mrs. S. Sherman. chnrcb. All of the old officers were re-elected. “Fleet-footed time has placed many, A resolution was passed thanking many years to the credit of the church which Captain Elias McMellen for his kind we love. Almost a century and a-half has treatment of the comrades, and smother come and gone since onr forefathers laid transferring the Regimental monument at the foundations of the goodly structure. It Gettysburg, to the Gettysburg Battlefield is a long stretch of time, along stream of association. This monument stands where events, a marvellous procession of deeds! George Sandoe, the first man killed at and lives and services since that memor¬ the battle who was a member of the 21st able occasion when our Spangenburg cavalry, fell. . preached the clean and plain gospel This^ tfternoo i all the visiting soldiers in the Lancaster court house, were entertains d at the home of Captain and was stoned by a mob—then McMellen, on East Vine street, where kneeling down in prayer, prayed so earn¬ open house was kept. estly that the ringleader and others were converted—to the time when your pastor spoke iu the court house, a short time ago, to hundreds of earnest teachers. I say it is a long, grand stretch of history, replete with . historic reminiscence and history-making incidents, from the one event to the other. One marks the mile-post at the beginning, and the other the 149th at this end. “Again, it means much to think of the sacred missionary story of our church, when! somewhere here, this ground bore the foot¬ Tint.p / ^ ~

this end.” After referring in earnest, thoughtful language to the principles which the church stands for, what it is to the congre¬ gation and what their relations are to it, Mr. Eberman concluded as follows: ‘‘What the coming year may bring forth we do not know. In some fitting and appropriate way, if the Lord pleases, we will celebrate the 150th birthday of our church, but in no better way can we prepare for it than by be¬ ing faithful to our daily duties, living clean, truthful, Christian lives, and by having and holding characters as will give con¬ stant aud steady force to the truths of the gospel. We may well feel honored in being permitted to be apart of this historic TRASBURQ METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. and God-honored church—a peer of all the Christianizing forces which have Marls Graves; Subday7 January 6, 9 A. M., centennial love feast; 10 A. M., sermon by the moulded characters for God and which have Rev.W. M. Swindells, editor of the Philadel¬ served to uplift this community. But be¬ phia Methodist; 2 P. M., sermon by the Rev. fore God that is not the supreme question. [. M. Foster, D. D., of Columbia; 6.15 P. M., This, this is the supreme duty of life—that Epworth League service, assisted by the Wes¬ we may be au houor to the Lord, adorning ley Brotherhood; 7.30 P. M., sermon by the the Christian life by our faithfulness and pastor. Revival services will be continued consecration. Faithful is he that has called throughout the week. us, so, brethren, let us be faithful and true, Historical Sketch. as the members of the church of the living The history of Methodism in Strasburg teaches baok almost contemporaneously God.” With the organization of the Methodist Epis¬ In the afternoon the annual love feast copal Church in America. Soon after It was was held aud the children also held services brought into organic being in 1784, Asbury, at which they saflgt “Hosanna.” the ruling spirit of American Methodism, ■who had just been created a Bishop by the laying on of the hands of Dr. Coke and two j STRASBDRG METHODISM. other of the elders, penetrated into Lancaster ! county, Pa., and very soon discovered a kin¬ dred spirit in Jacob Boehm, who then lived CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSAY OF ITS about iive miles west of Strasburg. Boehm was a member of the old Mennonite Church, ORGANIZATION. but was soon expelled from its communion on account of his evangelical proclivities. Persecution, however, only gave a stronger History of the Church During the Past One Impulse to their energies, and very soon the Hundred Years—Some of the Pastors Who two were traversing the whole of what was Have Been in Charge. then “German Pennsylvania,” disseminat¬ ing the truths of religion which were held to be of paramount interest by the Method¬ ists. [SPECIAL TO THE PUBLIC LEDGER. 1 Strasburg was then, according to Asbury’s Strasburg, Dec. 29.—The centennial anni¬ Journal, a village of between 60 and 70 houses, versary of the Strasburg Methodist. Episcopal naving been founded by German settlers Church, Lancaster county, Pa., was cele¬ early in the eighteenth century. Such a brated to-day, as follows: centre, only five miles from Boehm’s home, At 10 A. M. a sermon was preached by the afforded a suitable base of operations for Rev. J. T. Satchell, D. D.: 2.30P. M., inter¬ those soldiers of the Church militant, and it denominational fellowship service, addresses very soon became one oi their strategic by Ministers of sister denominations in the points. Thus during the eighties and nine¬ neighborhood; 6.15 P. M., Epworth League ties of last century the forms of these two services; 7.30 P. M., sermon hv Professor veteran itinerants became familiar to the George W. Hull, Ph.-D., of Millersville. The people of this little German settlement. In services this week are as follows: To-mor¬ 1792 Bishop Asbury preached in a ‘ ‘respecta¬ row, 2 P. M., sermon by the Rev. R. E. John¬ ble tavern’ ’ In the village, upon which occa¬ son, of Bird-in-Hand; 7.30 P. M., sermon by sion he remarked: “We had a good time,” the Rev. C. M. Boswell, Secretary of the and he ventures the predictive hope that the Philadelphia Mission Society. Tuesday 2 * ‘Lord will soon have a people in this place. ’ ’ P. M., sermon by the Rev. J. H. The results of this sermon may fairly be Royer, of Quarry villa; 7.30 P. M., the his¬ termed the beginning of Methodism in Stras¬ tory of the church will be read and reminis¬ burg. Nothing concerning the new work, cences given; 10.30 P; M., watch night ser- however, appears in the Conference minutes vieos, sermon by the Pastor, the RevT Glad¬ until 1796, when “Strasburg” reports stone Holm; Wednesday, 2P. M., New Year about 300 members, equally divided between service j 7.30 P. M., sermon by the Rev. W. S. white and colored. “Strasburg” at that Pugh, of Philadelphia; Thursday, 2 P. M., time included much adjacent territory, and sermon by the Rev. William May, of Mt. the large number of colored members Nebo; 7.30 P, M., sermon by the Rev. T. B. reported shows that it was »,ho Neely, D. D., LL. D. ,of Philadelphia; Friday, name of a circuit which extended 2 P.M., sermon by the Rev. H. S. Beals, of well down toward the State of Delaware. Ttie Conestoga; 7.30 P, M., sermon by the Rev. -■* for Strasourg vinage are not. A more pwblic site for a ndw enurppam -^own, but it is supposable that a “society” Jng Was found.on>Main street’, a lit tip we: existed there in the form of a “class meet¬ the sauare, and fa J839 a two-story strut tu ing, ” presided over by some leading local spirit, who, in the absence of the “circuit 40 by 50 feet, was erected.^The society beg rider, ’ ’ was a kind of 4 ‘preacher in charge. ’ ’ to assume a greater local prominence. Ini Ephraim Chambers and a Junior colleague early history it had beea merged sometini Were appointed by the Conference in 1796 to into Chester, Columbia or Lancaster circu' Btrasburg circuit. In 1797 Dr. W. Chandler, but it now assumed thq undisputed lead- r man of erudition and gentlemanly habit, ship over a large tract ofjadioining territoi .succeeded to the appointment. Usually two A glance at the records! shows U preachi appointments on the 8 .rasburg circuit, ei} bracing the entire southern haif of Lancas county, excepting Lanetfster and Coiuinb and now comprised in lie following nam circuits: New Holland, Cburchtown ar Morgantown; Bird-in-1 land, Boehm’s, M Nebo, Quarryville, Georgetown and Ga; Many faithful men, the most of whom ai resting from their labors, served the churt during the forties and fifties. Amid all tl changes incident to any organization tl church grew, sometimes languishing’ ar then being refreshed with great spiritu; blessing. Some of the Pastors. In 1861 the society had grown to such a siz as to need a minister for its own partieulaj local service. The appointment was accord ingly made a station, and the Rev. Jeremiph Pastorfield appointed preacher in charge. In 1868 the Rev. Henry White was stationed as Pastor, and in his second year of labor he witnessed the largest revival in the church’s history. It lasted four [months; over 200 per¬ sons professed conversion, and the records show 178 persons who joined the church wn probation. Mr. tv bite is now serving a REV. GLADSTONE HOLM. charge in Tremont, Schuylkill county. He was followed in 1870 by the Rev. W. S. Pugh, ministers were appointed each year; some upon whom fell the a rduous task of training remained two years, but the majority found the band of converts for fellowship in ly a new field of lgbor every year. In the early church. It was done well, and three years r beginnings of the church, services were held faithful service merited the whole-hear. In the humble homes of the people. Tradi¬ love of his people, which be retains up to tk tion points to a house at the extreme eastern present writing. Mr. Pugh is now closing ; end of the town which was one of the regu¬ very successful four pears’ term in Cumber-\ lar preaching places of those early itin¬ land Street Church, Philadelphia. The Rev. J. I erants. At the beginning of the present cen¬ M. Wheeler followed with a three years’ pas¬ tury, it appears from internal evidence that torate, and so captured the hearts of the peo¬ a house at the extreme south end of what ple. that a few years afterwards he was (was then known as “Funk’s lane, ” but now again returned to them and spent two! De Kates street, became the centre of opera¬ years more in their midst. Mr. Wheeler tions for the people called 4 ‘Methodists. ” In ; is now at Hatboro. He was followed by the 1807 Dr. Funk, who was a local artist, gave Rev. Silas Best, “a Nathaniel indeed, in theayoung society the piece of land upon j whom there was no guile. ” His ministry was which the house stood for a nominal sum, | marked by great revivals. The Rev. Mr. Fries upon the condition that they should soon then followed with a two - years’pastorate, erect a building suitable for public services. I after which the Rev. Mr. Wheeler served his( This was soon done, and a structure 30 by 40 J second term of two years. The Rev. John feet was built for the sole use of the Method- Stringer followed, and spent three profitable 1st Society. This edifice still stands, in first- years among the people. He is now stationed class preservation, and is now the home of at Woodland avenue,' West Philadelphia. the Sons of Temperance and Captain Neff The Rev. David McKee then became Pastor, Post, G. A. R, and for two years served the church very Asbury visited the point occasionally— faithfully. He was afterwards stationed at i visits are recorded in 1811 and 1813. Cn one Middletown, where he died in the 5th year of occasion, he declared, “A young woman fell his pastorate. The Lev. Maris Graves ex¬ to weeping under the Word, and was much changed appointments with Mr. McKee, and affected.” On another, the artist, Funk, became Pastor of Strasburg Church in March, i lured the good Bishop into sitting for an oil 1886. He is remembered as an indefatigable | portrait. This piece of work is now the worker and of gentlemanly Christian char¬ property of Mrs. Sarah Atmore, of Strasburg, acter. Revivals occurred each year of his | and has been declared by eminent critics to three years’ ministry, and when he left in | be a faithful picture of the pioneer of 1889, the church was in a better condition than Methodism in America. The work went on ever before. with varied success through the twenties and He was followed by the Rev. William Mc¬ thirties, without much happening to call for Gee, who in his second year’s ministry was extended remarks. The society grew and stricken with paralysis in the pulpit on a the place of worship became straitened. In Sunday morning, and died during the session 1837, Win. Uria became Preacher in charge. of the Conference fo lowing in March, 1891. Under the labors of this faithful Minister the The Rev. Jacob Dickerson became his sue- work prospered exceedingly; there was a great revival and Methodism in Strasburg '0 *■ ■ pp'

cessorV ■and during nIs one "yearns ministry graduated from the Wesleyan Methodist won all natures to him. Howias1 removed at Schools of that county as Assistant Principal t he (hose of the year, and is npjy stationed at Master under article 49 of the Mundella Ed¬ Eleventh Street Church,‘Philadelphia. In 1892 ucational Code. He took a full course In art the Rev. James T. Satclicll, D. D., desiring under the South Kensington Science and Art to return from Allegheny City to his home Department. Mr. Holm came to this coun¬ Conference, was stationed at Strosburg. He try in May, 1885, and, until January. 1889, brought with him the gifts and graces which was engaged in architecture in Philadelphia. had resulted from 20 years’ ministry among Ho went th the Bethlehem and Stony Bank some of the best charges of the Philadelphia charge, Delaware county, in 1889, and re¬ Conference, and his single year’s work among I mained four years. While there the mem¬ the people was destined to mark an epoch in bership doubled In numbers. Mr. Holm built the history of the church. a church at Thornton charge, and. organized The structure, which had been erected in i a society at Concordville. In ISill he entered 1839 and had received a front addition of 12 the Philadelphia Conference, and in 1893 was feet for vestibule and inside stairways, had, sent to the Strasburg Church, his present after over 50 years of service, become some¬ charge. what antiquated and dilapidated. He in¬ The officers of the church are as follows: spired the Board of Trustees with the idea of Trustees—W. K. Bender. President; Isaac remodelling the old church and giving it a Phenegar, Secretary; G. W. Hensel. Treas¬ beautiful modern audience room. During urer; .1. Hildebrand, J. M. Groff. J.W.Lytle, the year, however, the Trustees of the First A. J. Williams, John Holl, Dr. W. B. Clark. Church, Lancaster, called him to their ser¬ Stewards—J. Hildebrand, J. W. Lytle,* W. vice, and Dr. Satchell left at the close of the K. Bender, Christian Ehret, Henry Trout, J. year, not, however, before he had well M. Groff B. M. Mowery, II. M. Werner, A. launched the project and secured 85000 of re¬ J. Williams, John Holl, Lemuel J. Blair, liable subscription's. A successor was found Lodovic Shoy, Charles Waidiey. Class in the Rev. Gladstone Holm, then closing his Leaders—The Pastor, J. L. Fonlk, J. W. Lytle. fourth year at Bethlehem and Stony Bank Sunday School Superintendent—W. K. charge, Delaware county. He was stationed Bender. at Strasburg by Bishop Warren for the purpose rnTW w of building the new church edifice. Upon his arrival, the plans were changed; the designs, which had been prepared by an able archi¬ tect were laid aside, as not being suitable | for the purpose contemplated. A design ar¬ ranging for an entirely new structure was prepared by the Pastor, and being unani¬ mously accepted by the Trustees, the work of demolition commenced the first Monday In Juno, 1693. The corner-stone was laid with imposing ceremonies in September of that year. The structure grew to fair proportions '

the building was dedicated by Bishop Cyrus umai D. Foss. The entire cost had been provided . 5 for, and the building was dedicated free of any encumbrance. The Present Edifice. The structure as it stands measures 90 by 50 feet, and Includes an audience-room 53 by 43 feet, a chapel 40 by 30 feet, class-rooms, vesti¬ bules and a tower 1G feet square, 75 feet high. It is built of brick, in the Gothic style of architecture. The interior finish of the au¬ dience-room ceiling Is of hammer-beam con¬ struction and is panelled in yellow run boards. The walls are finished In terra cotta and the whole interior lighted by means of beautiful memorial stained-glass windows. The structure is valued at 812,000. The church also owns the parsonage and sexton’s resi¬ dence, both clear of ail encumbrances. The church membership numbers nearly 200. The Pastor is now closing the third year of his ministry, and his return for a fourth year has been asked recently by the Quarter¬ ly Conference. Sixty conversions have oc¬ curred during the present pastorate. The Sunday School, of which Mr. William K. Bender is Superintendent, numbers 190 scholars. The Epwoith League comprises 40 members, with a Junior League contingent numbering 80 children. A Wesley Brother¬ hood for work among the young men has been recently organized, and 30 members are enrolled. The church is in a very healthy condition and is stepping into the second century of her existence with a hopefulness and courage born of victory. Rev. Gladstone Holm. The Rev. Gladstone Holm was born in the County of Cornwall, England, in 1866, and UM 1$ m EPIIRTI

sketch OF ONE OF MB WEBR-

est of the QUEER societies

in THIS COMMONWEALTH.

a Venerable Building,“TI10 Saale,” Which Has Stood for Many Years.

Few places In the State of Pennsyl- vania have as romantic a-histpry as that which centers round the old• «d° , ter (cloister) Village on the bank> <*\ nicluresaue Cocalico, at Epnrai. The modern Ephrata is a thriving town! some fifteen miles from the cu of Lancaster. The houses have a neat( and homelihe appearance, built of, brick, in a conventional styie or ar

Ch“tG'the end. of the town proper

iroldd3toneai:rldge| spanning the creek and then onward I passing dv what was the original se.- tlement of Ephrata, the Kioster place of the society known as the Seventh

buUdhigs have a strange look about them, just as if they belong.:d to some foreign country, or the *a. ' distant past. The larger ones have drr-eat steep roofs with queer little dor , mer windows, and the walls are weath¬ er boarded with planks and-shingh.^ . Innumerable small windows dob tnc pray weather beaten walls and and glisten in the sunlight The pop- 1 lar beams pierce tne vads and a 1 held in place by wooden pm* on the outside. • It is quite a village m curious collection °i antiqw^ buildings on the hilsud-.■ Som- of tue smaller ones arc bunt or stum . > they are less conspicuous beside their more pretentious neighbors. These buildings are the crumbling relics of an interesting religious peo¬ ple now almost extinct, of a communi¬ ty once wealthy in a_ smiling land with busy manufactories, now poor, IhoSgh not destitute of the comforts of life—the Seventh Day Baptists The origin of this sect dates back_ to word of God, Ire conceived that his the year 1724, when Conrad Beissel, brethren had made an error in regard a baker by trade, came to America to observing the first, instead of the and was baptized in the German Bap- seventh, day of the week, as the Sab¬ bath. He wrote and published a tract f* He was a man of considerable intel¬ on this subject, which caused a dis¬ lect and talent, and intent upon ap¬ turbance in the society of which ha pertaining the true obligations of tne was a member. He was compelled to withdraw from its membership and thereupon retired secretly to the then unhabited wilder-

" 21

’ll

Beissel was given the name of ness in the heart of Pennsylvania “Friedsam,” meaning “Peaceable," on the banks of the Cocallco. and one of the sisters who first fol¬ There he lived for some time the lowed Beissel was installed as “Mother life of a hermit, until his place of Superior.” The costume adopted by retirement was discovered by some of the brethren and sisters was like that t/S °T^rS’ who were convinced of the Capuchins, or White Friars. It^ tnat nls ideas were correct. consisted of a long white gown and^ Finally two women followed and cowl, of linen in summer and wool were admitted as members of Beissel’s in winter. congregation, which became known as The first monastic buildings of any the Camp of the Solitary,” afterwards receiving the name of Ephrata. importance were “Kedar” and “Zion,” In 1 <35 the recluse life was changed a meeting house and convent, on the to a monastic one;, and, although no hill named Mount Zion. vows of celibacy were taken, the idea Afterwards more commodious build¬ was encouraged. ings were erected in the meadow be¬ low. They were a large “Sisters’ ~LO" ; c a> ,i MM MU**. ft^ q 1^.

I I House,” or “Saron,” ana a chapely\ social life introduced “5y the rtevuiu- called “Saal,” a “Brothers’ House,”! tion; so that, as the country round called “Bethania,” and numerous about became settled, the monastic smaller buildings, many of which re¬ branch was gradually abolished. main to this day. In 1814 the society was incorporated While the houses “Bethania” and by the State Legislaure and its affairs “Saron” were large, they afforded but placed in the hands of a Board of poor accommodation to the brethren Trustees. and sisters. The ceilings were very The “Saal” is one of the most inter¬ low, only seven feet high, and the cells esting buildings on the grounds. The barely large enough to hold a cot. chapel is open every seventh day, or The doors, swinging on wooden hinges, Saturday morning, for the local con¬ were exceedingly small, but five foot gregation of worshippers, of which in height and twenty inches broad, a number still reside in the vicinity. thus to represent the narrow way that Its rafters are shaded a deep brown leads to everlasting life. The society gradually increased in and the walls tinted with spotlesL numbers until at one time it numbered whitewash. nearly three hundred. The property Through the room are scattered and farms increased in value, as the quaint benches and tables, which are land was cultivated and mills rose on used for the “Agapas,” or “Love the banks of the Cocalico, built by the Feasts.’’ On the tables a few of the members of the society. old books may be seen. All the property was held in com¬ The walls are hung with sheets of mon, and the income therefrom was parchment, on which are mottoes and devoted to the common support. passages of Scripture, and a picture It was here that one of the first representing the narrow way leading ^printing presses erected in Pennsylva¬ to eternal life. nia was oDerated, and on it were The lettering on these sheets was all printed many religious publications— painted by hand, and is marvelous in ! books,ij UUIV Oj tractsti o.c v o c*and * * ^ hymnsv and original, , its quaint beauty. poetry by Beissel-..The most Inter^- All of the buildings are inhabited by German Seventh-day people, who, Book,”BookV’r airan Pfmmenseimmense quarto,^ greatestw though strict and conscientious Sab¬ heavy boards and brass the |r bath keepers, are neither celibate k SfeaaifeDa^ Printing in A—uscript brothers nor members of the Order of Spiritual Virgins.

SSS: although hi. .»£«■><>r; J'«£ Miller, is spoken of as being

PTher institution was more in accord¬ ance with German .customs and id - of the seventeenth century than the later ideas of religion, politics .an; caster county (as then constituted) for the conversion of iron ore into pig metal, belongs to Curtis Grubb. He was a native of Wales, and was famil¬ From, iar with all the processes for convert¬ ing the raw material into merchant¬ able iron. He came to America about ,i-ooVmeTrthe county was organized (-U-d). His design in coming to this country was evidently for the purpose of erecting iron works, for he at once Date, .'PlW 5 1 1 Commenced to prospect for iron ore He erected a funace in 1752 and called it Cornwall Furnace. From this date he commenced to purchase large tracts

of land, until he owned several thou¬ sand acres, well covered with wood, which he converted into charcoal.

On the 22d day of October, 1784, Jacob Graybill conveyed to Peter Grubb (Curtis’ brother) two hundred and twelve acres situated near the head of Big Chiques Creek, in Rapho and Warwick (now Penn) townships, and about three or four miles from the Cornwall ore banks, upon which he immediately afterward built “Mount Hope Furnace.” Being the owner of an undivided third of Cornwall estate, he made a will in 1784, by which he gave to his two sons, Burd Grubb and ' Th«. TuRMACE, • Henry Bates Grubb, his entire estate. They thus became owners of one- third of Cornwall. Burd, being the Just where the South Mountains elder son, received two-thirds of Mount lower their forest-capped summits and Hope, and Henry Bates one-third. sink into rolling foot-hills, where the The Cornwall ore banks weye held as picturesque Chiques emerges from its tenants in common, Curti3 Grubb owning three-sixths; Robert Coleman rocky fastness and dashes onward, (by purchase), one-sixth, and Burd and laughing In its course, towards the Henry Bates Grubb, two-sixths. |, Susquehanna, is the quaint and pictur- j esque village of Mount Hope. On the 4th of May, 1798, Burd Grubb ' conveyed to his brother, Henry, the There, in days gone bir, was located entire interest which came to him I one of the pioneer blast furnaces of from his father. In 1798 half of Mount I Lancaster county, which worked part Hope was conveyed by Henry Bates Grubb to Robert Coleman. of the iron ore from the famous Corn¬ The estate was divided again in wall ore banks in Lebanon county. 1802 between Robert Coleman and The credit of having erected the first Henry Bates Grubb, and two thousand blast furnace within the limits of Lan- three hundred and seven acres were allotted to the latter. 24

TriE Charcoal Shcd^.

terraced beds lined with boxwood, and The Iron works werb operated by abounding in old-fashioned shrubs, the Grubb family until within recent herbaceous plants, fruits and vegeta¬ years, when gXter the death of Albert bles. A picturesque old wall of sand¬ Bates Grubb, a son of Henry Bates stone surrounds the place and it has Grubb, the Mount Hc^pe e§*ate was an air of primitiveness and romance purchased by his brother, Clement, very suggestive of English pastoral and conveyed to the latter’s daughter, scenery. who is the present owner. The old family mansion, built in the Colonial The old furnace, with its quaint tow¬ style and charmingly located on an elevation on the banks of the Chiques, ers and smokestack, is rapidly falling overlooks a valley many miles in ex¬ to decay. The windows gap empty tent, dotted with fertile fields, woods and silence and desolation seem tt> and farm houses. haunt the place. Naught but the tink¬ The mansion of late has undergone ling bells of the lowing herd, or the many improvements in the way of ad¬ rippling stream, now awake the echoes ditional wings and a stately tower. among the forest hills, which once re¬ The Interior of this princely home is sounded with the hum of busy life and lavishly furnished throughout. industry- The gray weather-beaten Around the mansion extends a large park beautifully laid out in drives, walks, beds of flowers and with a tiny lake, pure as crystal, which is fed by several fountains. The garden is perhaps as Interesting as any part of the grounds, with its

C AJ31 < N. J walls serve as lodgments ror rrre seeu of woodland vines and shrubbery, An Ancient Curiosity- W I which have sprouted in great pro'fu- Mr. 1). It. Landis, president of the ! i slon, and seem to soften the rugged outline, chiseled by the hand of Time. Conestoga National Bank, has an old The old charcoal sheds are still parchment, deed which is a curiosity. ! standing and here and there are piles not so much on account of its age as of cinder left to tell the tale of former industry. The site of the furnace is a from its size anrl the amount of work wild and romantic spot situated at the upon it. it is about six feet long by mouth of a ravine through which flow three feet wide, two parchment skins the babbling waters of the Chiques, | sewed together and covered on both while far away, ri^ng above the mur¬ ! sides with fine writing, probably rc- muring forest, the South Mountains | quirlng several weeks to make. The rear their purple summits. I deed is just one hundred years old and (is for a farm at Conewago recently Just across the stream on the edge sold by Mr. Landis and now being sub¬ of a little clearing are the ruins of a divided. ^ imountain cabin, evidently the home cf a furnace workman. This rude hut |was built of logs and the spaces be¬ tween them filled with plaster. At. many places this has fallen out and great black, empty spaces gap there. The windows stare blankly as every pane of glass has disappeared from them. The only inhabitants of this primitive abode are bats and owls and swarms of mud wasps, to which the place seems particularly adapted. The cabin never possessed any beauty to recommend it, but as a relic of the Date, SUy <^~ hardships connected with furnace life it invites the attention of visitors.

The village of Mt. Hope consists of a straggling row of houses scattered along the road leading from Manheim j GATHERING HISTORY to Cornwall. Some of the houses are built of logs, others principally of sandstone, usually one story in height THE REJUVENATED COUNTY SOCIETY with little low windows and deep-set r.??irs’ ’n many cases sheltered by a MEETS HERE TO-DAY. little roof or arbor of grape vines or morning glories. . Not far from the railroad station is the quaint church, with its ivy-man¬ Papers by "Well Known Min Bead. tled tower and the little God’s acre in Horace 1>. Haldemau, of Chlckles, the rear. Farther onds the old mill, where the Tells About Local Furnaces. saucy streanF'has been coaxed to turn the mill wheel, and emerging it fumes and frets against a rustic bridge, eager The reorganized Lanc»s‘er County His an*(ii.imp®tu0Us t0 j°in the creek below Above 1 the mill stands the' village torical society held its first regular meet¬ blaoksmith shop, a low stone structure ing at 2 o’clock this afternoon on the with antique-looking windows and second floor of the opera house with a doors. good attendance of members. Some distance from the smith shop Dr. Joseph H. Dabbs, of Franklin and is another group of old stone houses Marshall college, read an interesting pleasantly located at a bend In the road, just where it stretches away into paper on “The Nomenclature of the Origi the wooded hills. y :nal Townships of Lancaster County,” which will be published in full in to¬ morrow’s INTILLIGKNCEB “Reminiscences of Conestoga township,” a paper prepared by Casper Hiller, was j read. He referrad to fine stone houses in the township built a century and a half ago in good condition, and will last another century. Seventy-five years ago, which was the limit of his recollections, innovations came in the shape of coffse, tea. muslin, carpets and calico. The last 1 named cost 50 cents a yard. He referred to a gun barrel factory as the first manu¬ factory in the township, to a stocking weavery, whisky distilleries and a tannery as the early indnstries of the | township. j _ “ Christiana Riots ” was the subject of —

jas wnitsorfs paper, He" referred | Rough & Ready furnace, Taler to tho significance of these riots on Sep to Cordelia, which is situated on Shawnes tember 11, 1851, in view of the condition Run about two and one-half miles nor of the country at the time of the slavery west of Columbia, was built, in 1848, question. These riots were the first Cross & Waddell. open resistance to the enforcement of the Conestoga furnace, in Lancaster, w_ fugitive slave law. Up to that time there built as a charcoal furnace in 1846 by was no open resistance to the government. Robert and James Calvin and George They occurred through the organization Ford,a Lancaster lawyer. Later the furnace of the colored men by William Parker, was changed to use anthracite coal. . their leader, and thus was precipitated Safe Harbor furnace, near the mouth o the first battle of the war that ended in Couestoga creek, was built by Resse^ the emancipation of the slave. He con¬ Abbott & Co “a few years after 1846 ” ^ cluded his paper with a tribute to the Sarah Ann furnace, on the north side or courage of this humble colored man. Big Chickies creek, was erected in 1839 as The following were elected members: a charcoal furnace by Jacob Gamber. It: Dr. W. H. Lowell, J. W. B. Bausman, was later owned by Governor Daniel R., Panl G. Dougherty, M. J. Brecht, Rev. C. Porter, who changed it to anthracite. E Eberman, C. S Foltz, Dr. J. P. Zsig- Donegal furnace, on the Pennsylvania ler, Col. Samuel Wright, P. P. Sentman, canal, between Chickies and Marietta David E. Mayer, John P. Schaum, G. F furnaces, was built in 1848, by James K. Erisman, Alfred C. Bruner and W. H. Myeis, of Columbia; Dr. George N. Eckert Reilly. and Daniel Stein. Horace L. Haldeman read the following St. Charles furnace, at Columbia, was paper on “The Chicfcies Furnace,” one bnilt in 1852 by Clement B. Grubb, of of the oldest in the state: Lancaster. Prior to 1840 no pig iron was success Eagle furnace, which adjoins the fully produced in this county, or in fact Chickies property, was bnilt in 1854, byj in any other portion of the world, excep, S. F. Eigle, Peter Haldeman and Josephr with charcoal as a inel. Attempts b Cottrell. This furnace was purchased by been made to use charcoal and anthraci the owners of the Chickies furnace, when mixed, and the latter alone, but th its name was changed to Chickies No. 2s were failures. With the discovery of ;/ Musselman furnace, later changed to blast, the conditions changed and it Vesta, was the last blast furnace erected then found that anthracite coal alone in our county. It was built by Mussel- could be successfully used in the pro¬ mau and Watts, the owners of the Mari¬ duction of pig iron. As the timber to, etta furnaces, in 1868. produce charcoal was not plentiful i: Owing to the various changes in the Lancaster county, the change to antkrac.it modern conditions of proctyj£j|Lrfj[igiron created quite a small “boom,” for thos ali_exre.pt three of the abovi/ifcfflssBljtast days, in our county, especially as then furnaces have either Been al&ndoned, or were many local deposits of brown torn down and sold for “scrap iron” hematite, or limonite, ores which it was Of these three the two at Chickies are now in operation, thought conld be need to considerable advantage. The fever became contagions, The fi -st in Lancaster county to use j each one seeming anxions to be an “iro; anthracite fuel were the Shawnee, at master,” in which name there seemed ti Columbia; Henry Clay, above Colombia;! be something particularly attractive, an and Chikiswalungo, in the order named, j many paid dearly for the honor! The eight furnaces along the Pennsvl- So far as the records in my possessio: vania canal, between Columbia and Mari-1 show the furnaces to nse anthracite coal etta, were built there owing to facilities in Lancaster county were: that waterway gave them foe transporta¬ Shawnee furnace, at Columbia, built tion, all their coal being received and iron in 1844-45 by Robert and James Calvin. shipped by canal. The ores at fiyst came from the surrounding local mines and Arcnibald Wright and Nephew^&rected second furnace hej-e in ( were hauled to the furnaces in wagons. Henry C1 ay' mr'nace, on nne PiAm! In 1828, Henry Haldeman purchased the Chickies property from the estate of vania railroad and canal, between Christian Hershey, deceased. There was Chickies and Columbia was built in 1845, by Peter Haldeman, of Columbia. then standing on the property a small saw mill in the grounds of the present Chikiswalungo furnace, later changed mansion. Shortly after purchasing the to Chickies, at the mouth of Chickies creek property he erected the present larger saw was built in 1845 by Henry Haldeman, who mill at the mouth of Quickies creek. This resided just below Bainbridge, for his mill was rnn for him by Samuel Zink. In sons Professor S. S. Haldeman and Dr. 1836 Henry Haldeman took his son, Edwin Haldeman. Professor S. S. Haldeman, in partnership Marietta furnaces (two) were erectei in the lumber business. In 1842 Henry by Mr. Shoenberger and Henry Mussel j Haldeman retired from the partnership, man, one in 1848, the other in 1849. Later transferring his remaining interest to his the firm became Musselman& Watts. The second Bon, Dr. Edwin Haldeman, then a latter, Henry M. Watts, was a son-iu-law of Mr. Shoenberger. ■ ------■

■ machinery, boilers and hot blast stoves. pfacrfctng physician- The firm then From the time the farnace was built up consisted of Professor S. S. Haldeman and to July, 1893, a period of over forty-seven Dr. Bdwin Haldeman under the firm name ears, this farnace was never out of blast of EJEaldeman & Co. nr more than six monthsjat any one time. Prior to Henry Haldeman’s purchase of uring the depression in the iron bm iaess this property, there was a fulling mill on n 1893, it went out of blast, but is now in the same, the remains of the dam for peration. whiph can yet be seen under one of the ® In 1852 Paris Haldeman, a younger present turnpike bridges. There was also rother, was admitted to the firm of E a ferry across the mouth of the creek 'aldeman & Co. In 1869 Professor Halde- used by travelers before the river turn an retired from the bnsiness and the pike road was built, there being no bridge irs of Edward B. Grubb, of Burlington, at that time. The Columbia and Marietta J., entered, they having purchased tbs turnpike was incorporatsd January 21, agle fnrnace adjoining the Cbickiea 1814 but the road was not constructed roperty. This co-partnership continued until 1826 30, at the time the state built after the death of Dr. Edwin Haldeman the canal along the river shore. “This in 1872, until the Chickies Iron company turnpike followed the canal level from was formed in 1876. In 1888 the firm oi Columbia to Chickies Rock, where it Haldeman, Grubb & Co. was formed, con¬ ascended and curved around a large rock sisting of Paris Haldeman, C. Ross Grubb down to the face of Chickies Rock, thence ipd Horace L. Haldeman. Paris Halde- along ths canal level. This was one of man retired from active business in 1891, the finest drives in the county. The fcaving the members of the firm as at Pennsylvania Railroad company having present, C. Russ Grubb and Horace L. purchased the road bed, the turnpike was Haldeman. changed to its present location over The principle ores used at the Chickies Chickies bill.” furnaces were obtained from the Grubb Samuel Evans, in his History of Lan¬ and Haldeman’s ore mines at Silver caster county, writes: “The Marietta Spring, some six miles from the furnaces, Railroad company was incorporated in and from Cornwall. Lebanon county. Of 1832 to build a road from Marietta to a '£ate years Cornwall ore alone has beea point on the Columbia and Philadelphia used to produce a Bessemer pig iron. R. R., about six miles east of Columbia. The several ore properties at Chestnut When the Legislature re-chartered the Ill. which adjoin each other, are when United States bank, that institution paid aken as a whole,one of the largest hema¬ a bonus to the state of some thousands tite ore deposits in this state. Ore was first of dollars. Henry Haldeman, who had discovered there on the Greider farm, be¬ mnch influence, opposed there-chartering tween 1825 and 1832; by Simeon Guilford, of this bank, and to overcome his opposi¬ the distinguished engineer, who died at tion the bonus was taken and appropriated ebanon last year, at the advanced age of towards the construction of the above 3 years, and mining has been carried on railway through his Chickies property. lince the first discovery np to the preseut Surveys were made and the line of road ay. Most of the fnrnaces in and around located about twenty feet above the bed Columbia and Chickies depended on of the present Pennsylvania R. R. A these mines for their principle supply of portion of the road bed was graded for lore about two hundred feet in the rear of the There has been some controversy as to . large mansion house at Chick its, but the orthography of Chickies and, aj nothing more was done. The grading is frequently is the case, those knowing the still shown in the yard of same at this least about the subject, have the most Jiime.” to say. It is a well known fact, re¬ 1 In 1833 Henry Haldeman built as a cognized by those competent to give an ^residence for his son, Professor S. S opinion, that the spelling of words is by Haldeman, the large mansion now stand¬ no means a safe guide to pronunciation. ing at the base of Chickies Rock. Pro¬ In an address to the Spelling Reform as¬ fessor Haldeman was the architect, sociation, delivered by the late Profismr making and originating all the detailed S. S. HaldetnaD, in 1877, he aptly said : drawings and specifications which are in “ Oar spelling is so lawless that we take a good state of preservation to-day. unscientific rules for our guide and in¬ In 1845 Henry Haldeman built the stead of following the great law that Chickiswalnngo furnace. This furnace speech is older than spelling, we make and all his other property at Chickies he it newer; and if the spelling depends upon ‘ gave to his sons Samuel and Edwin oa some hidden fact a word may be July 4, 1845. sacrificed to a fetish or bit of paper with The furnace first went in blast January writing upon it. People who learn only 15, 1846, with anthracite coal done for spelling and neglect the laws of speecn .fuel, charcoal never having been used. are continually trying to reconstruct It was originally bat 32 feet high and 8 words from spelling, the significance of feet across the boshes, but was modern¬ which they do not understand.” ized from time to time, the original In early days, when little attention stack, however, remained until 1886, when was given to the matter, there were a the old plant was, practically, dismantled nnmbe| of ways in which the name was | and a new one erected, including ^.jed the most common being "C'hicqaes matferpSEe latter gave Chikis as correct, I .nd Chiques, generally with the qu. The and so it appears in these, as well as other name is derived from the Ghikiswalungo publications. creek, meaning “the . place' of crabs.” Whilst we would not attempt to dispute whicli was then alsospelled Chiqnesalungo. Professor Haldeman’s decision, it would The qu came from the French surveyors, have created much confasion, from a employed by the French Indian traders, business standpoint, to change the name who, in miking their maps, used the qu of the post-office, railway station, tele¬ t) give the k sound, pronounced by the graph and express offices, names of toe Indians as if spelled Chikis. This was furnaces, brand of iron and the Company quite natural and possibly correct from a making the same, after having been in Fretichman’8 point of view, as much so nse for a quarter of a century, from as the spelling of any French geographical Chickies to Chikis, especially as the dif¬ j name, but if we follow that language we ference was so slight. No one now | would have to change America and the pretends that Chiques is or ever was United States into Amerique and Etats correct, except possibly these who do so j Unis. either from nonsensical sentimental In 1845, when the blast furnace was reasons, considering the qu more elegant, built, it was necessary to gi7e it a name, or else through ignorance. as well as the brand of pig iron to be pro¬ J. I. Mombert, D, D , in his “History duced ; care was taken to investigate the of Lancaster County,” published in 1869, subject by Professor Haldeman, who at in reference to Indian lccaHties, on page that time and prior, was recognized as an 386, gives the “modern name” of this authority on languages and phonology, creek as Chiquesalungo and the ‘ ‘Indian including Indian dialects of which he had name” as Chickeswalungo, meaning “the written as early as 1844. After much in¬ place of crawfish.” vestigation the name adopted was Chikis- The scenery around Chickies is varied walungo Furnace, as is also shown by tne and picturesque. One of the most beauti¬ furnace account books for the firm, ol ful views in this, or any other county, which Professor Haldeman was the senior can be seen from the top of Chickies member. Rock, with the Susquehanna winding This name was used until June, 1858, around at its base, dividing the red and when owing to the inconvenience of it» white rose counties of Lancast3r and York, length it was shortened to Chickies, as at A short distance back from the rock can present, by Professor Haldeman’s advice be seen the Chick's walungo and Donegal | and consent. In a communication to a valleys with their fine buildings, and local newspaper, of December 8, 1877, re¬ farms under the highest stal 3 of cnltiva- ferring to another correspondent’s com¬ tion, in fact the cream of the greatest j munication, he writes: “The original agricultural county in the United States J form ChiMswalungo was so cumbersome James Buchanan once remarked that this that it broke in two, giving us names foT view reminded him of the best agricul- j the two towns Chickies and Salungo. * * * tural portions of Eng’and, and we have Che original is too inconvenient for post- freqneutly heard the remark from; office and map pnposes and the philan¬ strangers “This is God’s own country.” j thropy {which imposed a name like Phila There are some interesting Indian j delphia is to be doubted. Naples and legends connected with Cbickies Rock j Paris are peferable to the old names and I feel that it would be well for our Neapolis and Lutetia Parisiorum and in fact society to collect and record such matters, abbreviation is one of the laws of lan for future generations, before they are gnage. * * * The postoffice department forgotten or corrupted. The most unique uses Chickies, the Pennsylvania railroad as to the rock is given in a poem, written Chiques (apt to be called Cheeks) but of some years since by Walter Kieffer, late I often write Chikis.” entitled: In a letter of Dr. £. Haldeman, of December 27, 1856, he twice uses Chikis . GHIKISWALUNGO. in referring to the turnpike and creek and Land r-f Perm ! where lies a glen Fairly tilled with mystio story, this latter spelling was used by Professor i Artis’s txush nor poet’s pen 4.8 Haldeman in the later years of hie Could e’er paint its wonderons glory; life for the headings ofhis communications, Chikis-wa-iuugo! where Wanunga, Bravest, of the Indian legion, tie also gave the latter as correct to Told the romance of each war danoe, Professor Persifer Frazer, jc., geologist in Told of v-e’tries ia the region. charge of the survey of Adams, York, High o’er all there hangs a pall, Lancaster and Chester counties, for the heeming loneiy, sad, forbidding; Second State Geologic >1 Sarvev hat rocky ledge, illustrate the point to which I desire to ARutn is to heavenly portals, And me vows there made, are thought more call your attention, that is the importance staid, of recording these legends with, at least, j Thau the common vows of mortals. an ordinary degree of intelligence. Think If the attempt is made to collect these of one, who feels competent to address a Indian legends, I would suggest that it high school, recording in print such be done intelligently, otherwise it will material, and leading the unsuspecting become a farce, as was the case with a youth to believe that Swatara was ever correspondent, a few years since, in one pronounced by any intelligent being as i .of our local newspapers, who referring to “Sweet Arrow,” there is no “sweet” in his address before a high school, and the the pronunciation. And then to walk advisability of interesting the school those poor lover3 some six miles from children in snch matters writes: near Mount Joy to Ohickies Rock and “Swataia was named after an Indian when they tumble over it [mind the hunter, who could speak some English, night was “fair” so they could see] who shot a deer across the stream and to have the maiden say-“The place of” ejaculated ‘sweet arrow.’ and the young buck reply “Crabs,” which “I have only time in this paper to give is what “Chiokiswaluogo” means. one of those from which the name and May our growing generation, hungry spelling of our beautiful stream was for knowledge, he protected from such taken, Chiquesalungo. Several centuries history (?) and I trust our society will ago a tribe of Indians were encamped on assist in so doing. the banks of this lovely stream which is now the rich and fertile valiey of Rtpho township. Jnst east of Mt. Joy, near Cedar Hill seminary, is a beautiful del', surrounded by large trees and dens^ shade, where lovers often meet. One evening in tbe long ago an Indian maiden and her lover met here in early September[How the month was fixed the Lord only knows]. The night was balmy and fair. As they sat on a rude log, discoursing about sweet love, they almost got enchanted with the beauty that surrounded them. The harvest moon, now near ils foil, was rising slowly in the east and shed a radi¬ ance of unearthly beauty on the scene. The sharp cadences of the katydid the ripple of the meandering btreim as it passed along the dell, ali assisted to make the scene one of unrqualed loveliness. They propoied to each other to take a walk along the stream,and as they walked and talked, happy in the charms of each other’s company, and as love txkef-no note of time or distance, it tv is near the bewitch¬ ing hour of midais5ti_t_as thsy ascended a HISTORICAL SOCIETY PAPERS. AsS-ThSuso should he abolished.” state of affairs continued for some The Acadians in Lancaster County Writtm until in 1755, when it. was resolved to ap] the penal laws against Catholics to by S. M. Sener, Esq. Catholics or Acadians in Nova Scotia, The following is the address of S. M. oath required to be taken by them was Sener, esq., on “The Acadians in Lan¬ that of royal supremacy, involving an ab¬ juration of the Catholic religion. caster County” before yesterday’s A peremptory decree was issued that tin* meeting of the Lancaster County His¬ Acadians were to be banished, and that torical Society: 7,00(1 of them were to be seized; 500 to be sent to North Carolina; 1,000 to -Virginia: There is no history in which can be 2,000 to Maryland; 300 to Philadelphia; 200 chronologically traced the struggles and to New York; 300 t-o Connecticut, and 200 changes within that small region known to Boston. The colonies thus selected were as Acadia, the confines of which were ex¬ not notified that people were thus to be pressly named by Henry IV of France m thrown upon them, and no provision was his letters patent of November 3, 1603, over made for their support there. the country, territory and coasts from the Troops were collected at various points 40th degree to the 46th degree. Acadia, with numbers of schooners and sloops to from its earliest settlement by De Monts, transport them. The Acadians were on had for a century been repeatedly taken September 5, 1755, assembled and disarmed, by the English and lost or restored by only five hundred escaping to the woods. them. By the treaty of Utrecht, May 22, Their cattle were slaughtered, their houses 1713 France finally surrendered to Great and churches set on fire, and the Acadian Britain “all Acadia.” This vague descrip¬ coast was one vast conflagration. The un¬ tion left an undefined territory and a dis¬ fortunate people w’ere marched upon'the puted frontier. . .. „ ships and tlie voyage began. One party, In reference to the etymology of the turned on their captors, and seizing the word Acadia, it has been written in differ- vegsel ran her into St. John’s river, where ent ways: La Cadie, La Cady, Accadie, they escaped. The rest reached- their Accadia, Arcadie, Arcadia, and Quaddy. several destinations. The etymology of the word is not certain. Georgia had- expressly provided in her It is certainly not from the Greek “Arca¬ charter that no Roman Catholics should dia.” a part of Peloponnesus in Hellas, be allowed to settle there, and when Gov¬ which for a long time was used to desig¬ ernor Jteynolds found 400 Acadians in lijs nate an imaginary pastoral country. Ben¬ limits tie decided that they could not re¬ jamin Suite, the distinguished Canadian main. With courage and perseverance archaeologist, and Senator Poirier believe they made their painful way to New York it is of Scandanavian origin. Beaumont Knd Massachusetts. The 1.500 sent to Small, in his “Chronicles of Canada,” outh Carolina were apportioned among says: The aboriginals Micmac, of Nova the parishes there, but many found their Scoiia, being of a practical turn of mind, ivay to France. A few remained there, were in the habit of bestowing on places chile some sought Louisiana. Those that the names of the useful articles found in ’mind therr way to Long Island were dis- them, and affixed to such terms the word ributed in the most remote parts of the A-ca-die, denoting abundance of the par¬ -olony. Those sent to Virginia found a ticular objects to which the names re¬ < lorne. finally, in France. Those sent to ferred. The early French settler supposed Maryland.seem in a great measurelto have this common termination to be the name icrn left to do for themselves. Some of of the country. Dawson is of the same .hemgdt hackagaintoArcadia.others went opinion. Parkman adopts an entirely diff¬ to the" West Indies, others, finding them¬ erent etymology. At page 220 of his “Pio¬ selves in new environments, started to neers of France in the New World ' he work to begiia the world afresh, jin Bal¬ says in a note: “This name is not found timore stood a half-finished house which in any earlier public document. It was was begun’in 1710 by an Edward Fot- afterwards restricted to the peninsula of lerall , from Ireland. In this deserted Nova Scotia, but the dispute concerning i dwelling a number of the Acadians estab¬ the limits of Acadia was a proximate 1 lished themselves. Mr. Piet, the well- cause of the war of 1753. This word is known Catholic publisher of Baltimore, said to be derived from the Indian word traces his descent from these exiles. aqquoddiauke, or aquoddie, meaning a fish « ARRIVE IN PENNSYLVANIA. called a ‘pollock.’ The Bay of Passama- cpioddy, ‘great pollock water,’ derives its On November 18, 1755, a vessel ascended name from the same origin.” He also the Delaware river bearing several hun¬ cites Potter in the “Historical Magazine,” dred of these persecuted people, many of F. Kidder, in “Eastern Maine and Nova them being sickly and feeble, and on No¬ Scotia in the Revolution,” and “Black¬ vember. 19, and 20 two more vessels as¬ wood's ■ Magazine,” vol. xvii. p. 332. cended the same river,. bearing, all told, However this may he, it is cer¬ 454 Acadians. The ships- which brought tainly an indigenous word, as it is1 them were the Hannah, Three.Friends and found many times in the composite names the Swan. At once idle fears, were ex¬ Tracadie, Shubenacadie, Chieabenadie, cited lest-they-should join the Irish and Eenacadie, Shunacadie, etc. German Catholics and destroy the colony. By the capitulation of Port Royal the The operation- of the French in Western Acadians were permitted to sell their lands Pennsylvania at" that time kept the peo¬ and remove from English territory or re¬ ple in constant .terror, and when the Aca¬ main as British subjects. Queen Anne, by dian, or French Neutral;' Catholics were letter of June 22, 1713, confirming the agrees brought to • Philadelphia it was-thought mer.t. The authorities in England as earl; hazardous to the peace and -gafety of the as 1720, however, decided that they ougli people. to be removed, and a proclamation was Governor Morris wrote to .Governor Shir¬ issued requiring them within four months ley, of New York; “The people here, as to take an unqualified oath of allegiance, there is no military force of any kind, are or suffer the loss of their property and bel very uneasy at the thought of having a driven from the colony. They remonstrat¬ number of enemies scattered in the very ed, but finally taking the oath of fidelity bowels of the country wfio may go off were allowed to remain. Some writers from time to time with intelligence and assert that they were granted the fullest join ..their countrymen, now employed and freest exercise of their religion, while j against us, or foment some intestine com¬ , others deny this. The priests could not jj motion in conjunction with. the -Irish and sa.v Mass under pain of banishment, as m j German Catholics, in this and neighboring 1724 it was ordered that “no more Mass j Provinces.” A recruiting conpianv of a should he said up the river and that the j Nevv York regiment was in Philadelphia at the time, and Governor Morris kept the reompany r-rom returning' to New York anti (mlssioners were to procure stock and uten- asKcrl I he advice of the Governors of the k°r them, providing the supplies al- j 1 ro'. lnees what to do with the Acadians. *° ffV0*1 family diet n°t exceed ten i< nlet Justice Belcher, of Nova Scotia pounds. All expenses were to be paid out sent t° Governor Morris to the effect that ?!-, tAe/n°~ney Slven to the King’s use by he thought they should have- beert; trdrin- an Act oi Assembly. Just how many ■anei this only Acadians came into Lancaster county un¬ ■Bennie ni1 t>10 'f™,rs «t the Governor and der this act their names, where located hpeople ol Pennsylvania. .i- and expenses incident thereto cannot ho L Vh®u«h tHsi Gl %a C°r)y'^°f the act in full I cidence of names suggested by any one which-he courteously chad copied for the! of Acadian birth in memory of the old writer-, two years since. :The -aiet is not, Acadian home? ,u ‘n ftay of Wie. volumes If the' La as Of Pennij>Tvania(’ and is dn&nianu- l ii “scattered'scatteied ei’n-liken Vlea.ves10USaru by? Acadia the nsruthless thus [ atrpln-ishn^?^en ^ f^te ^epakment^j ! of .autumn,” from Massachusetts (to, Georgia, among those who hatc-d n I their religion detested their coun try, derided their manners and mocked shVon’n^Vhc Arc1°i'and ar,P°int the disRO^ tlieir language, “few comparatively re- s'U°n of the Acadians: For Philadelnbin mamed to svyell the numbers of the Catho eounty, Wm. Griffltts, Jacob Duche and he body m the United States. Landed on Thomas Say; for Bucks county, Griffltts Ptstant shores those who had once known Owen, Samuel Brown and Abrkham De | wealth and plenty were scouted at as Normandie; for Chester county, Nathaniel vagrants, reduced to beggarv ” and the T enrtock, Nathaniel Grubb and John Han- p5 official record that concerns them in liium; tor Lancaster county, Calvin Cooper J ennsvlvama has all the sadness of an i James Webb and Samuel LeFevre. 1 The act required them within ’ twenty i aaddressed juressea 1 min liGG to the °flegislature aP tmdertLker day®. a-fter its passage to order and ap¬ Ph a i°oimr“>te\ J°hn Hi11 cJ Pwiafh point the Acadians as to them appeared |Paia’ J011?(r’ been employed from timo most equitable so as to ease the Province to time to provide coffins for the French of the heavy charge of supporting them The overseers of the poor of the severni teTpw'i'j|cit\ tb.it his0 accountshaVe Clled werein a »allowed(1 ahouf mdtbe townships ot Lancaster were to recelvl thi paid until lately and that sixteen coffins Acadians allotted to them and prov dl fo? rwe unpaid for, and he therefore them not more than one family, however ior ielief m the premises.’* ^ to he allotted to any one township The overseers were directed to keep lust and ofTjA“5dle?“’savs:liS "E"yan-pIi»®- a Tale true accounts of all charges and expenses accrued, which accounts were to be front Etiil S?from itslhLfow”16^11 bUt far mitted to the gentlemen namld in the act' Side by fido in their nameless graves Those of the Acadians who had been bred TT , , , * are sleeping. b 3 to farming were to be placed upon farms Glider the humble noils of the little Gatho- Zmf smallh£Bssi?ta„a/easoMMe rate and hc ctiuichyard '-atno some sma!! a. tance was to be g-iven In the heart of'ihe city, they lie unknown them toward settlement thereof. The com and unnoticed. ’ unknown j.ily the titles of life go ebbing and flow- land offices had been cfoi?d from the dcatn ins’ beside them, of William Penn, in lib', to the year 1/3-, Thousands of throbbing, hearts, where and land patents were not panted dwin^ theirs are at rest and for.eye*, this time, both oil account of the legal irivousards of d-iiioo brains-, where theirs troubles in Penn’s estate and the minoiitj of his youngest sons R*hard and Thoma^ Thonsancis^of' tob In Stands, where theirs Then influential men/in favor_ vitn tl l ave ceased from their labors, . provincial government, grabbed the first (Thousands of weary feet, where, theirs ‘ patents'for^the lands that were being >m-, have completed their journey. nreved by those devoid of titles. Between 1730 and‘1733, we suppose Hamilton and Steel held commissioners receipts for their Lancaster tract. Andrew Hamilton ST JAMES’ CHURCH. was speaker of the provincial assembly at this time and a favorite of the Penn fam¬ ily,’ but lie was never Governor Andrew Interesting Historical Sketch of One of Hamilton, as our local histories call him. the Oldest and Most Noted of On, They have probably confounded him wit a Governor Andrew Hamilton who died Revolutionary Helios. 'awav back in 1703. Speaker Hamilton re¬ sided in Philadelphia and Md late in the The following valuable contribution thirties. He made a grant to the town or to Sir local history was prepared by market ground with a condition,that town red ward P Brinton, esq., and read . markets^should be held on WedpesdaWand Saturday of every week forever, lninit Srs Susan M. Brinton at yesterdays of our .Wednesday and Saturday rnaiket meeting of the Daughters of tne R‘-vo¬ a fixed institution one hundred and sixty years old. James Steel, we are informed, lution: was a son-in-law of Governor Gordon in these days "iT^nd business, one easiiv accounting for his connection w ith Hamilton in tins fine speculation, in which SI% the^voUiSfof they invested little besides influence.-and seldom stops to think pathercd would be sure to make precious history that which | from. But for the avarice of the Hami there,■>.rT»'“ .nor to.consider>, S theSf Me" wessihlsred which for tons, we mighthenow en.ioying a beauti- we enjoy, that wcie i these churches; fnl nark in the citv. Think of It, all this land by the early members of these cn ^ the fforPa sVngand couldn’t spameven a sin- many of whom have q e y century, o-ip snuare as a park. It cannot oc swered that they thought the town would npprl n nark or a, sejuare, foi m tne days of James Hamilton, his son, the town try^han^^dntfames church^ of Lancas- ’8 gave promise of becoming a very » citv much larger than many towns that liad' at that time, their parks and open =nu ares reserved. But, alas! Johnson truly savs, "the lust of gold succeeds the lust of conquests.” Their acquisition was almost the equal of a conquest. Andrew Hamilton and .Tames Steel conveyed the. court house and five hundrfd acres ofHand around it and sundry biddings thereon to James Hamilton on May 1st, 1731, who v/erit on laving out the town, and he was I the eaual of8a modern Western town "early ! linrmor The town grew so fast tnat tor minutes and concise . ^v t0 the a°period of veXlater, it is said “it stood days of the town of ^If^urch. There sill looked dull and improvements organization of Sa^t->• withered; faintest ceased.” The road from Lancaster to Philadelphia, called the Ki*d| The was laid out between 1731 and 1733. tne woods in the town were being cleared and much of tlie swamp land wras being gradu¬ al v dimined. On May 1st, .1742, the. town The site °^ Totit" by the Hamil- years before its lajing - de arKi was made a borough by a charter of King tons, a scattered settlement ot 1«lmitlve George Second being "‘f"e beginning, as ever since, the nunioer or squatted on this lan tpnts 0f Andrew lawyers predominated in that body. Mr. for years before the P • were COmpro- ’ Cookson was the first burgess of tbe bor¬ Hamilton and JaynesS tpsy were swept ough and “having' the widest acquaintance mised with or whethei tney arp ln_ was chosen to raise subscriptions foi away, we are tmable t -V investigation Erecting a new stone church to perform dined to bebete fro i0t-s their houses divine worshipworsnip acuoiuiiieaccording to■ ye constitut.> 0.1 that they were S'Ven the lots me ^ gtay of ye Episcopal church of England, as be stood on, for nomma . m proprietary the^ church register reads.^ and to_ to help make a town. I no - tute ol’.” Hut nothing seems to nave been erected on a lot oi ground granfecr "by done until the 9th of April, 1770, when James Hamilton, esquire. Mr. Cookson col¬ George Ross and Jasper Yeatos were ap¬ lected about' £166 from about forty- sub¬ pointed a committee to purchase a bell, scribers, himself the largest contributor. Among them is Governor Thomas, who and to have it imported by Joseph Swift, I may have Riven his name while hero on of Philadelphia, to weigh five hundred weight and two-quarters, to be cast with the treaty business. the inscription, "St. James’ Church, Lan¬ Next, says the church register, Rev. George Craig “an itinerant missionary of caster, Pennsylvania, 1770.” One hundred Ye London Society for Propagating Ye pounds had been collected for the bell, but Gospel in Foreign Parts,” arrived to take it cost only forty-eight pounds, five shil¬ the charge, in the year 1751. A meeting lings and ten pence, or about seventy of the congregation was held in the court pounds Pennsylvania currency. The origi¬ house in Penn’s Square to raise means nal bill of it is among the fine collections to finish the church. In December, 1752, of Mr. George Steinman. It was shipped the stone church, forty-four feet long by by Mildred and Roberts, of London, on thirty-four feet wide, was finished. The the vessel “Mary and Elizabeth,” to communion table was to the east, the pul¬ Joseph Swift, merchant, of Philadelphia., pit about the middle of the north wall, on January 31st, 1771; and it was hung and font at the west end of the church, very soon in the belfry erected for it. j as the present font stands, and the door It rang in the steeple but five years, | situated in the same position as the doer when the peals from Old Liberty Bell , on the Orange street side of the present echoed over the land, proclaiming the church. James Hamilton, who was lieu- birth of an Empire now' in character, a L tenant governor at this time (1748 to 1754), grand confederation or union of States, chose pew No, 1, and Mr. Cookson chose soon to be a great republic, opening up a No. G, being in the northeast and south¬ brilliant prospect to the nations of two east corners: large square pews with seats continents. This great day was a stirring around the four sides and a small door. day in Lancaster. A military convention Pow rents ranged from one to three Of fiftv-three battalions from all the coun¬ pounds per year. Mr. Cookson did not ties of Pennsylvania met in Lancaster this live to occupy his pew, but his family used 4th day of July, 1776, to complete the organ¬ j it and for a long time free, as an appre- ization of its quota of G,000 militia fixed bv 1 ciation of his labors in the church. I congress, and to choose two brigadier The next pastor was the Reverend generals to command. George Ross pre¬ . Thomas Barton, who was elected in 1759, sided at the convention, having distin¬ and he ministered there till the early part guished himself in the provincial assem¬ of the Revolutionary war. He came from bly, councils and numerous conventions ICngland a young man in 1755, highly re¬ before this time. Among the names of commended by the Proprietary John Penn; the colonels from Lancaster county at the served as chaplain in the French and In¬ convention are the familiar names ol dian .war, where-he knew the gallant ■ Ross, Slough, Crawford, Green, Grubb, young Washington. He was eager to get Eerroe, Reigart, Thompson and Raut- a steeple for the church: so some friends faung. ’ Daniel Roberdean and James of the church got up “a lottery,” but was Ewing were chosen brigadier generals, the 1 not conducted by the clergyman or his latter a native of Lancaster county, hav¬ vestry; but like its modern successor the ing recently removed to near York. Many | chancing church fair of to-day, was con¬ distinguished officers and men of influence ducted by the willing workers of the from other places had come to our town. church. The lottery was drawn on May Here wrere organizing and uniting the 22nd, 1761, and the steeple was at oneb Pennsylvania militia, as mighty pha- | ere-eted on the west end of the church, and laxes determined to know only victory. a stone wall built on the west and east Tt was a patriotic day. such as can hardly end of the burying ground adjoining the , be imagined. Tt was known here that the church. Some of the church lottery tickets resolution for independence had been car¬ are preserved in collections at the present ried in congress in committee of the whole. day. The vestry accepted their services Bells were rung throughout the dav and saying, “only with a design to serve the our old Saint James' bell surely and cer¬ church and contribute all in their power tainly rang many, many times on that 4th to make the house of God, not only useful dav of July. George Ross and some offi¬ and convenient in its structure, but also cers in the military convention were prom¬ to add such decent ornaments to the sann, inent in this church, as were General i as becometh pious Christians.” The Hand, later of Washington’s staff. Colonel ] church won two-fourths of a mill and Samuel Atlee, a hero of the early part of | island disposed of by lottery by its owner, the revolution, and a successor of Ross in in the year 1772. However, the owner, congress; William Atlee. then chairman of John Douglas, presented the church with the countv committee of safety and judge l one hundred and ninteen tickets. One of of the supremo court of the State one year- 1 the tickets in the possession of Mr. Do- later; Jasper Yates, very prominent in the [ muth, reads as follows: “Pettles Island cause; not a warrior, but contributing | Mill and Cash Lottery, 1773, for disposing largely of his abilities and of his ample of a mill and land on Pequea creek, Lan¬ means, and afterwards a great justice of caster county, anil raising money for some the same high court for twenty-five years, pious and charitable uses in the borough and still many other men who were serv¬ i of Lancaster.” It was known that the ing in the great cause, even the manufac¬ Episcopal church was to be beneficiary turer of muskets and bayonets who sup- though not named, and after holding its ! plied the countv at this time. Where interest in the mill until 1796 it realized a could we find more patriotism and great handsome sum of one hundred and fifty men who were a power in a congregation pounds by the sale of its half thereof. of the same size? iThere was another lottery drawn for the A sketch of Saint James’ up to the end 'benefit of the church improvements on [of the Revolution, in any degree appropri¬ 91 ot JS1S- which was a small affair I I These were the only ventured of this kind ate to go before “the Donegal Chapter connected with this church. Some of the of the Daughters of the American Revo¬ churches of other sects in the borough, lution ” must not be written without giv¬ were somewhat noted for their lotteries ing ari account of the greatest act of the and far outstripped the good workers of life of George Rofs. Lancaster's signer Saint James' congregation. of the Declaration of Independence; an a'-t that we all pray will perpetuate his name The vestry wrote, in 1763, to the London to the people of a united country. He was Society, asking assistance “for two things very prominent in this church from the very much needed, first a gallery and sec¬ time its doors were opened for the worship ond a bell, which We alone of the many of God, and for many years first warden. societles In this populous place, are desti¬ ---l-l-- i' m-uiermofe We must clear up a seemThg "May, 17817 senFVlefegates to a convent! incongruity; except to a close student of in Philadelphia to resoJYe- on a plan J history, seeming to have George Ross in ecclesiastical government, which wa; two distinct places at the same time. Of finally adopted almost coeval with tin course, we find that Ross was not in con¬ Federal and State constitutions. Rev. gress until about two weeks after the Elisha Riggs and Rev. Joseph Clarkson declaration had been adopted. But in his¬ were the next pastors of the church, the tory we want facts' only, and must have latter serving over, thirty years, to the them. year 1S30. The question of independence was intro¬ Many facts and romances, even love duced in congress by Richard Henry Lee, tales, ancient books and papers and other of Virginia, on June 7th, 1776, and in order interesting matters that have come to our to give ample time for debate, July 1st notice, or been given us by ,the kindness was fixed to take a vote. On this first day I of friends, we regret being obliged to pass of July, eongress being then in committee over. It was not proposed to go into the of the whole, Pennsylvania and South present century, so we will detain you only Carolina voted no; Delaware a tie, and a moment longer to give an interesting New York excused: the other colonies af¬ description of the old stone church, shortly firmative. It was then asked to postpone before being taken down in 1818, from a the vote till the next day to get in the ab¬ letter from an old gentleman who re¬ sent members, who would he sent for by turned to the city after an absence ofj the fastest express of the day. On July, many years. After describing all the 2d. Morris coming in. changed Pennsyl¬ changes and improvements in the long vania's vote to the affirmative bv one ma¬ period since he was a boy, he writes: “Thei jority, as did McKean change Delaware's most remarkable improvement in the town to yes, after a round trip in less than a is the Episcopal church, which occupies day to a place eighty miles off to bring the place of the venerable and time worn him. South Carolina's vote was UKewise edifice that I remember. So great was its changed, and on the evening of the fourth age and infirmities the congregation were day of July the Declaration of Independ¬ obliged to have it taken down to preveni ence was finally adopted, all States voting its tumbling about their ears. I shall affirmatively. New York being excused never forget the last time I sat in it. for a few days as they claimed to be wait¬ Everything about the antique and sacred ing on authority to act. The disgraceful structure made an impression on my mind behavior of so many of the Pennsylvania not easily to be effaced. Even the old sex¬ delegation nearly sc-t her people mad. it ton, John Webster, a colored man,” ete. must have been a hard blow to Franklin, The new church was consecrated by ; who was a leader on the floor for inde- the venerable bishop on Sunday, October i pendence. It had proven a mistake to send 15th, 1S20, assisted by Dr. Clarkson, the a lot of Philadelphia Quakers to congress pastor: Rev, W, A, Muhlenberg, the as- j when they were sure to vote for peace and sistant, who was afterwards a very dis-j quiet. The constitutional convention was tinguished divine in New York city, and quickly summoned, and on July 15th It the Reverend Bull. The church was first threw ’ out the unfaithful members, re¬ extended to the east in the year 1850, and electing only Franklin, Morris, Morton another time altered in 1870, and finally ex- 5 and Wilson, who had voted yes, and filled tended to the west and beautifully re¬ their places with sturdy and unflinching modeled about the year 1880, when the patriots that could be relied on to cling handsome tower was erected. forever—George Ross, Clymer, Benjamin Most of the blessings of the nation have Rush and two others. The new members - come through the early God-loving people, then signed the Declaration of Independ¬ who had come to these shores to erect ence, being a few days after the whole their many altars in. the new land, where New' York delegation. Jefferson called where they might worship God free and them the post-signers. Ross was recog¬ unmolested, and where they might rear nized in congress at once as second only mighty sons who tfere to overcome the to Jefferson, Adams, Franklin and several mighty oppressors and found a won¬ others of their class. His fine large sig¬ derful country, and then to fashion a won¬ nature fitly represents this statesman. He derful system of government to take care was an ornament to our county, and he of it. And no one can measure the good died a few years later in the prime of life that the churches of these early people and ended a career still full of promise. have done in the great work. Their im¬ The good congregation drove off their press is on the hearts and minds of th< pastor, Reverend Barton, for adhering to whole American people, and their lessons, England and saving prayers for the king. are engrafted in the laws and institu¬ He said he had taken solemn vows to sup¬ tions of the brilliant galaxy of States. port them and was still bound. And as nearly all Episcopal ministers were Tories, this good church had no place for them, and the doors were}closed for seven long years. Barton was? ordered to leave the country, hut he went only within the British lines in New York, and died there in 17S0. It is a matter of regret that no records of the church were kept during the time of the war. According to rumor a number of revolu¬ tionary soldiers were buried at the same time in the burvtngf ground toward Duke street. We.are unable to verify this at all. There is another that some disorderly Whigs battered in the old front door early in the war, no doubt to show their hatred to Rev. Barton, who stayed here some time after his church was closed to him. Another idle rumor that the bell was pre¬ sented by Queen Ann, reminds us that the inscription on the bell as it hangs to-day is “Pack & Chapman, of London, fecit, 1770. St. James’ Church, Lancaster, Penn¬ sylvania. Recast bv Jos. Bernard & Co.. No. 120 Nor. 6th street, Philadelphia, 185b. ' I Immediately after the close of the Revo¬ lution the congregation met and elected Rev. Joseph Hutchins minister, and^ in IF ■ ‘ , election of officers was next in ordei and the following were chosen President, Lieutenant S. McQuade; vice presidents, Daniel S. Pauli and T. G Allen; treasurer, Lieutenant Deming Members-of the >%bre Regiment Meet secretary, Captain George F. Steahlin.’ After appointing a committee to re¬ in This City. vise the bylaws the meeting adjourned Last evening the members held a ban duet a. the Keystone House which wi THE SEVENTH PA. CAVALRY prepared by Proprietor D. Seiverling Besides the members and their wive* Many Old sold ers Who Bode With the there were present a number of old veterans from this city. Mayor Smelt* Amy of the Cumberland Respocd was present and after the banquet made 1 to Roll Call and Renew r ntr’ (re.ma/ks- The men,i partaken oi l consisted of oysters in every style, cold Old Friendships. lam, bologna, tripe, dried beef, cold beet fried chicken, potato salad, The Seventh Pennsylvania Veteran chicken salad, Saratoga chips, fish pickles, celery, fruits, cakes, ice cream’ Volunteer Association is now holding coiiee, tea, chocolate, wines its nineteenth annua! reunion in this th* menu had been partaken- c-ity. Thi3 was the sabre regiment of ot Mayor Smeitz made the address ot i the Army of the Cumberland. The whuh was responded to bv ; headquarters of the association is at the Mr M. Brackbill, on behalf of the asso¬ Keystone ITuu e. Yesterday morning ciation in a very appropriate manner. the members began arriving, many of ->lP LnJa e responded to the toast Ihe Sabre Brigade,” Captain George them being accompanied by their wives. Steahlin to the “Regiment;” Major C The veterans have now formed an asso¬ , Davis, to the “Company." Then fol- ciation and the meeting is for the pur¬ owed other addresses by members of pose of cementing old friendships and the association and others. The affair was a most enjoyable one. There was spending time together talking over a great deal of interest taken in the the battles of the past and other army proceedings here yesterday and the! reminiscences As the members arrived^ i members were well pleased with their! they reported to the secretary, Captain treatment here. The banquet was a! txeorge K Steahlin and they were pre¬ fitting close to one of the most success-! sented with a handsome badge. ^meetings ever held by the assoc’ia- The meetings of the association are held in Grand Army Hall and the fol¬ T-nose who were present at the i-e- lowing are the officers of the associa¬ umon were as follows: Capt. Geo F tion: President, Hugh Armstrong, Raw- Steahlin, Orwigsburg.Schuylkiil county linsville; vice presidents, John Myers Major Chas. C. Davis, Harrisburg;' and A. C. Dessinger, Marysville. Perry Lieut Michael Brackbill, Danville; F. county; treasurer, Thomas McGovern R. Hutchinson, Pittsburgh’ S W Qarrick, Allegheny county: secretary,’ Hagen buck, Pittsburgh; O. P Barr' George P. Steahlin, Orwigsburg. Hagerstown, Md.; J. H. Wagner Watt- Schuylkill county; committee of ar sontown; H. D. Loreland, Lamar, Pa ; rangements, George Rowe John A Jas. VV. Hutchinson, Harrisburg; Jesse Taylor, David Harlan, If. c. Amer K. Bobbins, Lycoming county; Capt Joshua Travis, Lancaster; J. H. Sieg- Beer Rielly, jr„ Philadelphia;' Samtie' Pe",ver' w'Hiam M. Stevenson, Wmn, Frackville; Ezra Cockell, Mkl- S. H. Mullin, Columbia; James Spindler, w"\rKy': r;‘<)eon Bober, Reading; Chi istiana, Jacob Rhoads, Ellis Harlan I . W. Moore, Fremont; J. H. Dunlap J. Cramer, Rawlinsville; Franklin Coatesviiie; P, it. Kirk, Delaware Reese, Buck. county; Lieut. W, N. Grier, Green Tree The first meeting was held yesterday Chester county; G. O. Rowe, Lancas- afternoon at three o'clock, and was tor; R. Hoi-mel, Washington county; J calied to order by President Armstrong A. baylor, Lancaster; Capt C’ W Ihe minutes of the previous meeting H- Smith- Darby were read and approved, after which Isaac M. Tremont, Schuylkill county- the reports of the secretary and treas¬ Lsaac S. Keith, St. Louis, Mo.; Samuel urer were read and showed the associa¬ Kramer, Frackville; H. C. Anne Lan tion to hernia pf&spercws condition caster, Hugh Armstrong, Rawlinsville; Several resolutions were then read Ellis Harlan, Truce; Abraham Kepper-. and adopted relatmgjto members of the ley, Gap; David Harlan, Lancaster; J association who had «fied {luring the L. rravis, Lancaster; John Cramer year. Rawlinsville; Ephraim Mattern, Rox- The association decided to hold the boro; Chas. if. Ebert, Reading- Heni v next reunion at Mount Carbon Schuvl iLott. Reading; J, G. Coohon, Mt Ga,v kill county. | J Abraham Haines, Reading; J. m.i Seigfried, Denver, Lancaster county;1 W. J. Thompson, Sunbury; John H.j though the eastern members were indis¬ Rhoads. Marysville; Jas. W. Rhoads,i posed to consider the subjoct, being Marysville; Capt. D; W. Rank, Lime- driven to it, they caucused with the repre¬ stoneville; A. J. Arnold, Marietta; G. sentatives from the Middle States, and Z. Bletz, Mifflin, N. Y.; J. W. Hart-j concluded that the capital, keoping close man, Elk county; W. M. Stevenson, to the centre of population, wealth and Columbia; Daniel Fall, Fulton county; territory, and with easy connections with T. O. Allen, Lieut. T. H. Hlckert, Potts- the Atlantic aud Ohio river, should be vllle. located at least somewhere on the east bank of the Susquehauna. Wheu Lee 'The members will meet this morning challenged the advocates of this plan to at nine o’clock af Grand Army Hall name a place meet.ingthese requirements,, when the day will be devpted to excur¬ it was then the claims of our own Colum-j sions and sight seeing. bia were presented. Says the historian :j “ Hartley took him at his word and au-j swered him. Wright’s Ferry was such al town. It stood upon the east bank some! thirty-five miles from sea water. As fort From, 'JhA the Susquehanna, so great was the volume ol its waters that ships could at any time of year sail up it to the waters ol Otsego lake. Three fine rivers ran into it from the north, the west aud the south. The Tioga was navigable for a great dis¬ tance, aud was connected by an easy Date, .Ofen.4 '*& portage with the Genessee, which emptied into Lake Ontario. The Juniata nearly connected with the Kiskimiuetas, and r, m/jJ : that with the Ohio. A. short land-carriage joined the head of the west branch with the Allegheny, which LOCAL HISTORY. gave easy connections with the frontier towns of Kentucky. As to the town, it was no mean place. But ten miles sepa¬ SOME INTERESTING FACTS PRESENTED rated Wright’s Ferry from the greatest city of America. The climate was salu¬ brious. The soil and the river yielded Details of the Project for Locating the Na¬ plentifully. If the honorable geutlemau tional Capital in Pennsylvania — The was disposed to give attention to a dish Christiana Riots—Due of Wil¬ of fish he could find none finer than could be drawn from the waters of the Susque¬ liam Penu’s Deeds* hanna. ‘Then, why not,’ said Lee, ‘go at once to Yorktown ? ’ Why fix on the Among the referred questions answered banks of a swilt river when it is possible at the meeting of the Lancaster County j to occupy the shores of Codorus creek?’ Historical Society this afternoon was the “He was assured by Goodhue tnat the very interesting one “ Was there ever any Susquehanna was much to be preferred. serious idea oi locating the capital of the Tflere was the centre of territory. The country on the Susquehanna ? ” by Hon. * centre of population, it was true, lay to I W. U. Hensel, who said : the northward. But the eastern mem¬ “On the 7th of March, 1789, Jasper bers were ready from a spirit of concilia¬ Yeates, who was a prominent jurist of tion to let that pass. They well knew Pennsylvania, resident in Lancaster, that the centre of population would not sent to the Federal Congress, on behalf change lor ages, and that when it did the of the corporation of Lancaster a movement would be to the eastward, not lengthy communication setting forth to the ^outh ; to the manufacturing, nof reasons why Lancaster should be se¬ to the agricultural States.” lected as the permanent place of resi¬ The passionate southerners protested dence tor the Federal Corgrcss. The and there was much mind measuring o original of this paper is in the posses-) the relative distances of points north anc. sion of D. McN. Stauffer, of Lew York, j south, east and west to Wright’s Ferry. and it was published in the Lancaster ] Peach Bottom was even named as a com¬ intelligencer December 29, 1886, as part * promise. The proposition to appoint a ol an address by Mr. Hensel before the } commission to select a spot on the banks Lancaster Board of Trade. The argu¬ of the Susquehauna prevailed by 28 to 21 ment upon the selection of a site for after clays of ill-natured debate. The the Federal capital began in the Federal Senate amended the bill and made the House on September 3, 1789, and was, j location one mile from Philadelphia. according to McMaster, “one of the The House sullenly concurred and ad¬ longest and most acrimonious the mem¬ journed. It was nearly a year later that , bers had yet engaged in.” Every one off! the vote was reconsidered and the capital I the fifty-nine had something to sav ; and, | site fixed on the Potomac. Christiana Slot Aftermath. -__h-. -- Od behalf of Mrs Ambrose Powuall, of Samuel Miller (L. S.), Lewis Cooper (L. , Sadsbury township, W. U. Hensel pre¬ S.), Joseph Richwine (L. S.), Hiram sented to the Society two pages from .the Kinnard (L. b.), George Firth (L. S.), magistrate’s record of the late Joseph D. Wm. H. Millhouse (L. S.), Miller Knott Powuall, J. P., of Sadsbury township, i (L. S.> upon which was recorded the Coroner’s Some of the names of the jury are | inquest upon the body of Edward Gor- strongly suggestive of Quaker origin, such, the Maryland slaveholder, who was aud the language of the verdict indicates killed in what passed into history as their sympathy with the anti-slavery “The Christiana Riot,” an account of cause. In ottering the paper, Mr. Hensel which was the subject of au interesting emphasized the great historical interest paper some months aso read before the which attached to this event. . The oc¬ Society by Thomas Whitson, Esq. i he currence has almost passed out of the following is a transcription of. this in¬ common mind, and yet, in its clay, this quest : riot threatened to provoke such a con¬ Lancaster County, ss. : flagration of war as subsequently fol¬ “Au inquisition indented taken at lowed the “John Brown raid.” Sadsbury township, in the county of Gorsuoh -wj»s of a conspicuous Lancaster, the 11th day of Septem¬ family in Maryland, and his brother ber, A. D. 1851, before me, Joseph D. was au Episcopal minister, who Powuall, Esq., for the county of Lan¬ most severely arraigned the civil authori¬ caster, upon the view of the body of a ties of Pennsylvania lor their suniueuess • man then and there lying dead, sup¬ in allowing the murderers of his brother posed to be Edward Gorsuch, of Balti¬ to escape. Wm. F. Johnson was at that more county, Maryland, upon the affir¬ time Governor of Pennsylvania, having mations of George Whitson, John Row- as Speaker of the Senate succeeded ex- laud, E. Osborne Dare, Hiram Kinnard, officio to Francis R. Shuuk, who died in Samuel Miller, Lewis Cooper, George the gubernatorial office. The riot oc¬ Firth, William Knott, John Hillis, Wil¬ curred in the midst of that campaign, liam H. Millhouse, Joseph Richwine and and it is said that Johnson, who was in Miller Knott, good and lawful men of Philadelphia at the time, passed westward the county aforesaid, who, being duly on the railroad without stopping at Chris¬ | affirmed and charged to enquire on the tiana, where the dead body of Gorsuch part of the Commonwealth when, where lay. He was a Whig and was charged and how the said deceased came to bis with permitting his anti-slavery sym¬ death, do say upon their affirmations pathies to weaken his enforcement of law that on the morning of the 11th inst. as an executive; aud so strong was the the neighborhood was thrown into an ex¬ pro-slavery feeling at the time in Peun- citement by the above deceased and five or I sylvania that the iucideut is said to have six persons in company with him, making ' largely contributed to his defeat by Big¬ au attack upon a family of colored per¬ ler, tho opposing Democratic candidate. sons living in said township near the brick A William Peon Ueecl. mill, about four o’clock in the morning, In answer to a referred question as to for the purpose of arresting some fugitive what is a “William Penn Deed,” Mr. slaves, as they alleged many of the colored Hensel exhibited an original dead from people of the neighborhood collected,and William Penn for three hundred and ; there was considerable firing of guns and seventy-five acres of laud situated in that other firearms by both parties. Upon the portion of the “Chester Valley” which arrival of some of the neighbors at the runs through Lancaster couni,y beginning j place after the riot had subsided, found at Quarryville. It is signed with the j the abov9 deceased lying on his back or genuine signature of William Penu him¬ right side dead. Upou a post-mortem ex¬ self aud is written on stout parchment, amination made hv Drs. Patterson and with his seal. The lull text of the deed Martin in our presents, we believe he came is as follows, and the laud, therein de¬ I to his death by gun shot wounds that he scribed rather indefinitely, comprises the received in the above mentioned riot ; tract upon which Ambrose Pownall now j caused by some person x>r persons to us resides,east of Nobleville in the township j unknown. of bads jury: In witness whereof as well as the afore¬ I “This Indenture witnesseth yt William i said justice, as the jurors aforesaid, have Penn of Horminghurst in the county of to this inquisition put their seals on the Sussex, Elgd., for ifc in consideration of day and year and at the place first afore¬ Twelve pounds four shillings to him in mentioned.” hand paid Hath by these presents granted JOSEPH 1*. POWiVAU, Esq. Three Hundred Seventy-five acres of George Whitson (L. S.), John Hillis j Land Cleare of Indian incom-branches in (L. S.), John Rowland (L. S.j, William , the Province of Pennsylvania (towards Knott (L. &.), E. Osborne Dare (L. S.), the Susquehanna River) to John Kenner- ley of Shaviugta, County, Chester cheese factor his heirs aud assignees & him there of enteotted every acre to be com¬ puted according to the statute of ye thirty-third of King Edward the First to have and to hold ^o him his heires raged GTYSars, 1 month and 1. d assigues for ever together with all rest the ashes if the founder of every the hands Isles Islands lage of Bo isviUe, the cap! Brecknock, _ _ .dynes Mineralls (Royall one Excepted) Mr. Bowman was born at Bo woods fishincs hawkings fowlings & all mill, in Alleghany Valley, Berks other RoyalTtyes profits comodityes & on the first day of December, 17S9. His' hereditaments iDSoever unto the same father was a Swiss Mennonite, whose an¬ cestors had emigrated to America on ac¬ —belonging Yielding & paying there¬ count of the religious persecution that fore yearly and every year unto the followed the revocation of the- Edict of sd William Penn his heirs and assignes Nantes by Louis XIV. His motner was Nancy Huber. Of his early years little is irnediatly from and after the expiration known, except what we learn from John of the first five years next after the day B. Good, who knew him more intimately of the date hereof the Rent of, one shill¬ than any one else. He tells us that his mother m early childhood noticed that he ing for every hundred acres of the sd was different from the rest of the children Three hundred seventy five acres never¬ and wa3 much concerned about him, not theless the sd William Penn for him¬ knowing 'whether his peculiarities indi¬ self his heirs j& assignes dote agree to & cated mental vigor or imbecility. As soon as lie was sent to school, how¬ with the said John Keunerley his heirs ever, it became evident that he had a na¬ and assigues ytye sd Rent of oue shilling tural fondness for learning, and he soon for every hundred acres of ye sd three made such progress that he far out¬ stripped ali his schoolmates. English hundred seventy five acres is only to be- schools had no existence in those days in cura due & payable irnediatly from & ttie vicinity where Bowman was born and after the taking up & seating of ye sd raised. The only language heard in his lands & not before & proporoanably lor father’s family or for many miles around was Pennsylvania German. He. however, ye sd rate for every Quantity there of yt studiously applied himself to the study of shall be taken up & seated & not English and with the aid of the best dic¬ otherwise, & the said William Penn tionaries to be had he made wonderful pro¬ gress. After he attained all the knowledge ! hath Made Thomas Loyd Robert Turner he could from the crude country school of i Willm Marlteham Arthur Cooke John his neighborhood, he attended the Church- i Goodson Sariiuel Jenings Samuel Carpen¬ town Academy, where he had the oppor¬ ter or any three of them to Deliver Seven tunity of learning to converse in English. Here he studied surveying, which he thereof accordingly in Witness where of afterward so extensively and successfully the sd Willm Penn hath here unto sett practiced for many years, and in which bis hand & seale this Sixtenth Day of ye he attained much skill and accuracy. His clear head and logical mind were emi¬ filth Month Called July Iu ye year of our nently fitted for practical geometry. Hi9 Lord One thousand six hundred Ninety love of justice and equity, and iris high character for honesty and uprightness of ffll PENN [Seal] purpose all combined to make him after- j Signed sealed and delivered in the pves- wards the most successful surveyor in the j northeastern end of the county. In his SLISANNA MOKRY library were found some of the best clas¬ JEAN X/ JENU sical authors in the English language. her mark Prom 1815 to 1820 he was during the wintc-r Wm Penn to John Kennerloy. months engaged in teaching school. Sur¬ , , , r w w-fe T? I? —-V t'ir’W'w w * veying, scrivening and ordinary labor took up the rest of his time. As a teacher he acquired a wonderful reputation among liis neighbors for the great amount of knowledge he possessed, and was espe¬ cially famous for his success in keeping- From, good order and governing his school. Some of his pupils are still living and acquainted as they are with modern school discipline, say, "It was not so in Sam Bowman’s school.” His life was one of constant and unremitted toil of mind and body. He had a laudable ambition to be esteemed a correct and competent business man, and all who knew Mm and had any business \ Date, ' the villagers, were sufficient to accommodate all the teams when Moseman's turn came to preach. a. terror to all law-abiding people. Philip Huber, the Berks county chief and organ¬ In 1354 a new Mennonite meeting house was erected several hundred yards south of the izer of the Knights of the Golden Circle, village on the edge of a grove of mag¬ or Enemies In the Rear, came to Bow- mansville and held a public meeting at the nificent pines, but three partly decayed hotel then kept by Samuel Eshleman. The trees remain, standing as sentinels of the Saturday afternoon was a memorable many giants that stood there half a cen- j event for the loyal people of the town. tnrv ago. The new church has had but Huber, surrounded by several hundred of few members since i‘s organization forty- disloyal, cowardly enemies in the rear, ! five years ago. It was originally supplied bv ministers from Montgomery and Bucks many of whom came across the line from counties, but in 18G0 Rev. Solomon Ott was Berks county, was in his glory, and made ordained and has proclaimed the gospel i the most treasonable speech that was over for thirty-six years in the.little church! I publicly delivered in Lancaster county. beside the pine grove. On the same road ! The excitement was intense. This was north of the town stood the little stone the same Huber who afterwards was ar- school house, now the site of the hand- j some school building of the town. Here 40

v at a pumro KTis tir and put upon aTail .njslovwi, fo“ ■ ■ - p^?e rteSS'i! son, MoArde B. Hirsh, Dr. B. Lincoln , Chandler, Hon. Milton Heidelbaugh. Mr. "Sener moved thacjDr. TV. H. Egle ■rlfa v was a Lincoln meeting- in i860 and John F. MeginniSs, of Williamsport, be elected honorary members. They Po, nRrch“ Porot CJonn.B,JohT^ ?3oodi-t0a°. ks PhousevJaoe or nrvRW“ ,- the hotel. The New Holland hand was were unanimously elected. sBoomw ani caused an unusual crowd to President Steinman announced the Brecknock has reversed fiercer appointmentof Geo. Ross memorial com¬ politically, and to no cause can the result mittee, the names of which have been he a ttributed so much as to the disgusting- treasonable expressions of those who were published in these columns. » °Pfn( sympathy with the Confedera o v° A number of books and pamphlets and yet too cowardly to go and S were donated by a number of people, them. The fight for free school.? and war m Brecknock would make a sub¬ chief among whom was Dr4 If j ject for an interesting volume As Bow of Harrisburg. The thanks of the so¬ mansville has improved, so has the town¬ ciety were tendered the donors. ship, and to-day no more thrifty honesr Air. Samuel Evans, of Columbia, on rntl°,us an,i enterprising people are behalf of the trustees of Donegal church in BrecknockanyV Wre ln the oount>' th™ presented a gavel and block taken from p» w'is P i • the “Witness Tree” at the old church. In presenting the gavel Mr. Evans made the following brief remarks: ( "On behalf of the trustees of Donegal From, Presbyterian church, I present to the society a gavel and block taken from the ‘witness tree’ which stands ln front of the church. In the early part of June, 1777, when the British army started from New York for Philadelphia, the supreme executive council sent a mes- ; Date, sage to Colonel Bertram Galbraith, in j the borough of Lancaster, to call out J the militia. Colonel Galbraith sent mes- j sengers to Colonel Greenawalt, of Leba- ! non, Col. James Watson, of Colerain, j and Col. Alexander Young. When the I message to the latter arrived at Donegal OIJR LOCAL IHSTORJANS church on Sunday, June 16, 1777, services | were being held. The congregation ad- ' Journed without waiting for the bene¬ An Unusually Interesting Meeting diction. They all formed a ring around the tree and placing the pastor, Colin Held Aesterday. M. Farquhar, in the midst made him take off his hat and hurrah for the sue- cess of the patriotic cause.” VALUABLE PAPERS READ.I A vote of thanks was tendered the trustees for the gift. The gavel bears Fins Exhibition of Relics of Ancient Days. the following inscription; “Presented to Lancaster County Historical Society, The Annual Election of Officers. Lancaster, Pa. Taken from the ‘Wit¬ Last Right’s Reoeption ness Tree,” at Donegal Church, June 16, 1777. Presented by trustees of Donegal; at the Iris Club. Church. Samuel Evans, Harry N. i Wiley, Sol. Hoover.” The regular monthly meeting of the The election of officers was the next Lancaster County Historical Society business transacted when Mr. Hensel moved that all the old officers be re¬ was held yesterday afternoon at the elected and that the secretary cast the rooms of the Iris Club on North Duke deciding vote. The officers are as foi- i street. President Steinman presided j lows: and after the meeting was called to or¬ President—George Steinman. der the minutes of the last meeting \ Vice Presidents—Samuel Evans, Joseph C. Walker. were read and approved. Recording Secretary—F. R. Dtffen- The members proposed at the last derffer. meeting were elected, when the follow¬ Corresponding Secretary—W. W. ing were proposed for membership: Grlest. lion. Marriott Brosius, E. Beverly Max¬ Librarian—Samuel M. Sener, esq. Treasurer—B. C. Atlee, esq. well, Mechanics Grove; B. Frank Brene- Executive Committee—Hon. W. U. j raen, Dr. IT. M. Alexander, Marietta; Hensel, Horace L. Haldeman, Adam ■ C. A. Fon Dersmith. H. E. Slaymaker, Geist, Rev. C. B. Shultz, Dr. C. A. He' "j itsh, Joseph W. Yocum, R. M. Reli-/ 41

liberally educateffTor thaf^ime, and with P. C. HlJtern a rigid regard for the Bible and its teach¬ ings as understood by tho Scotch Irish Bitner. pastors of the Covenanter and Presbyter¬ | fir. J. I* Ziegler, of Mount Joy, read | ian churches of 100 years ago. his paper on “Old Donegal Church.” It After tile usual stormy passage of [nearly three months they arrived safely in iw&s a lengthy paper, but contained Philadelphia and located in that city, but much that was interesting. A vote of not liking the city they soon removed to thanks was tendered the reader. Spring Mills, in Montgomery county, Dr. W. H. Egle, State librarian, was w^ere James supplemented his Irish edn- FMtSp *iv!th*a wirffep of two in the not- called upon to make a few remarks. He yery promising country schools of that.; isaid he was not an impromptu speaker day, That James made thebest use possible land did not expect to speak. He was > of these limited opportunities to secure j an education cannot be doubtet in view' of i [deeply interested in Dr. Ziegler’s paper, his subsequent career. as he feels great interest in the Lancas¬ He was anxious, however, to get to j ter County Historical Society. His an¬ work, and being a born mechanic had a strong desire to deal with and manage ma¬ cestors settled In Cocalico and this gives chinery. His only opportunity for this him membership in several societies. wear his home was in a country mill, so i He was glad the society began to do I he prevailed on the miller to take mm as good work. He was present several 1 an assistant. In a few months he had so mastered years ago when on organization was ef¬ the details of the mill that it is said he fected. The society had been sleeping knew' more about the machinery than the for several years and he was glad they owner and made small repairs that the owner could not have done; but the mil! had awakened. The society ought to needed greater repairs than he was capa- secure permanent quarters. At the last i ble of making, so a millwright was secured, meeting of the Pennsylvania Germans and James became his helper. In this he was appointed a member of the position he was entirely at home and be¬ came so useful and efficient that the mill¬ committee to establish permanent quar¬ wright determined to secure him and be¬ ters. He felt like establishing the head¬ tween them. the\ procured the miller’s quarters In this county, as it should be consent to his leaving to learn the trade of a millwright. established in a good old German , In this he rapidly-became an expert and county. If the society should succeed followed it for several years.v working In securing a permanent home he has along the Schuylkill river and its tribu¬ no doubt that the effects of the Penn¬ taries on all kinds of mills and oh all sorts of machinery propelled by water. While sylvania Germans will be given - into . here hp assisted in building the first, mill the care of the local society. There is I f°r rolling iron erected by the Phoenix no county in the State so rich in his¬ (Iron Company, on the grounds where their present enormous plant is located. toric lore as Lancaster county, and he On leaving- the Schuvlkill lie came to wished the society success. Mr. Egle Doe Run, in Cheater county, and formed jsaid he was a member of the Dauphin a partnership with the Clarks, a firm of contracting millwrights, but the war of bounty society and they have their own 1S12 to 1815 was now on and the price of headquarters. He congratulated the iron was advancing rapidly and young local society on the good work they are Sproul tnought he saw' a fortune in the now doing. He said the society should business. He accordingly formed a partnership preserve all the county newspapers, as with Frank Park and together they the history is there. erected a forge at White Rock, on the Dr. J. W, Houston followed with his east bank of the west branch of the Oe- toraro, in Colerain township, this county paper on the “Industries of the Upper near where White Rock station now Octorara.' Dr. Houston used a map to stands. Before the forge was ready to show the members the different places operate Park got tired of the venture and along the creek where the industries are withdrew from the firm, but Sproul stuck to it, probably receiving some financial or were situated. assistance from the Colemans, who were JAMES SPROUL. also Scotch Irish from the County of Mr. R. J. Houston’s paper, a biograph¬ Donegal. On the completion of the plant the price ical sketch of James Sproul, was read of iron was falling and the war was near¬ by Mr. Hensei. The paper Is as follows: ing its end, so that the venture was not In the early settlement of the territory nearly so profitable as he had hoped, but now Included in Lancaster county, the por¬ he had a pood, well-built forg’e as com- f> tion north of the Mine Ridge was occur pared with others and he ran it quiet sue- 1 pied mainly by those speaking the German cessfully for some twelve or thirteen I. language, while those speaking English years, making considerable money. While "took up" the portion south of that ridge bore he secured quite, a large interest in1 and familiarly known as the “Lower Black Heck furnace, four miles up the Bind." Of these the emigrants from the stream from White Rock. He was afso north of Ireland, usually termed “Scotch interested with Edward Coleman in the [Irish” from their Scottish ancestry, were [ Ccnowingo rolling mill on the site or near {hie picst numerous, the English Quakers ; the Conowingo furnace and with one of [coming next in point of numbers. tlie Grubb family in the forges at Codorus I Subsequent settlers naturally divided in york county. Robert Sproul. a younger tile same manner, each family trying to brother of James, managing them. locate among those speaking a familiar By this time Sproul had established quit . language, and this rule holds good in the a reputation as a successful Iron master I main to this day. and he determined to concentrate his Early In the spring of the year 1796 operations, which in his opinion had be¬ Charles Sproul, -a native of County Ar- come so much seatterod that he could not piagh, in the north Of Ireland, with his personally supervise their workings So wife and family, sailed for Philadelphia, he leased his “White Rock forge to John Ills son James Sproul, the subject of this Alexander, another representative of the sketch being then a lad of eleven years of Scotch Irish of Lancaster county, and pur¬ age, The whole family, including father chased from John Withers a large tract and mother, would seem to have been of land with three forges on it in Sads-

I uury townshliV;‘cn the west bank ortfie east ;branch of the Octeraro, so fully de¬ Chester county; William 7-1., married tc scribed In an a'tide just read. Ho re¬ Dora Slokom, daughter of the late Samuel moved to these forges In 18?S and after en¬ Slokom, of Christiana, now living in larging and improving the same com¬ Chester, Delaware county, Pa.; Mary D.,/ menced operations. married to John T. Dewitt, and living in His Intention now was to make a very Cecil county, Maryland; James, married; superior Iron and sell the same for special to Mary Slokom, daughter of Samuel use, at prices considerably above ordinary Slokom, and living In Chester. Delaware hammered iron and In this was fairly suc¬ county, Pa.; and Robert C., living in New cessful. London, Chester county, and unmarried. Whatever Mr. Sproul forget or neglected The forges were known as the Upper and by reason of his active busy life, it cannot j Lower Sadsburv forges and the Ring- be. said that he forgot or neglected his 1 wood forge. The Upper forge was ar- early Irish religious training, and the ! ranged to refine the Iron and make It Into Sproul mansion, we are assured, was I what was known as '‘anchonies,” when it rather a doleful place on Sunday to the i was transported to the lower or ohafery houseful of youngsters named above. The forge, where a higher welding heat was place, was quite secluded and they were ' given to It and It was hammered into the not permitted on that day to go visiting reoulred shapes. or leave the house except to go to church. The nig Iron was boiled or puddled In Newspapers, of course, were wholly un¬ much the same manner as now, but the thought of and the only books permitted process was very crude,much longer,more were the Bible, the larger and shorter laborious and less productive of finished iron i han now. Very much of the iron catechisms. Fox's Book of Martyrs, Bax¬ passed off as cinder In the operation ter's Saints Rest and his Call totheUncon- and every forge had banks of cinder verted supplemented by the Westminster around it. Mr. Sproul knew that large- Confession of Faith and perhaps a volume j quantities of Iron remained In this cinder, or two of carefully selected sermons of a nd therefore built an addition to the upper the 17th century. The Pilgrim’s Progress , forge expressly to deal with these im¬ was not quite orthodox, being of Method- mense cinder piles and was successful in istlc origin. It was rather tough on the 1 reclaiming about forty per cent, of the rising generation, but since they have! weight of the cinder In iron, though the grown up it cannot be seen that they wen 1 quality of tills cinder iron was not nearly hurt by It. The story frequently told of James 1 so good as the other iron. Sproul, that while a young man, employed This cinder addition, however, was very profitable and all the cinder on the ground as a wood chopper by the Colemans, he and all that was made was nut through I secured his first promotion by sending In | this process. This gave Mr. Sproul quite . an order from the woods to the store, so a variety of irons, at a variety of prices, beautifully written that he was at one© sent so that he could accommodate all cus¬ for and put into the counting room, seems i to be like so many similar stories, wholly 1 tomers, and he did- quite a thriving busi¬ without foundation. He was' never em¬ ness. ployed by the Colemans in any capacity, He sold considerable Iron to the hard- though they'were always his fast,firm, un-; 1 ware stores and manufacturers of Lan¬ wavering friends, and on more than one ! caster, Wilmington and Philadelphia, but occasion when things went wrong with bis best, customers were Whitney & Co., him and he was In great danger of falling, o£ Hartford, Conn., who were large manu¬ they came to his assistance. Formanyyears facturers of fire arms. He hammered this preceding his death, however, it cannot b» gun iron Into octagonal shapes, from % to said that he required any financial aid. U2 inches Iri diameter and while It was He died January 7, 1S17, aged sixty-two necessary to take only' the very best stock, years, possessed of quite, a large estate. employ only the most skilled workmen and After Mr. Sproul's death the forges were exercise the greatest care in making it. rented to different parties who ran them the buyers were willing to pay a good with varied success. Some of them ran at price for It and Mr. Sproul found It profi¬ times until the close of the War of the table to strive for their trade, which he rebellion, but. the expensive hauling by secured almost entirely and continued to wagons, the growing scarcity of charcoal, hold until his death. the cheapness and general Introduction of The raw material he found best adapted steam power as a motor, the Immense rcII- to his use was the Cornwall and Colebrook ing mills that grew out of this, and per¬ ! pig iron with a small percentage of good haps above all, the more scientific mani¬ j wrought scrap. As soon as his business pulation of the iron in Immense quantities, [ got to running smoothly he purchased were too much for the country tilt hammer I what was known as the Hamilton tavern mere with their single advantage of a on East King street, this city, which oc¬ cheap water power, so. they graduall*, cupied the ground on which the house of faded away and are gone. 1 Geo. Nauman, esq., a.nd the two houses The reader claims no credit for the abotgi next east of it are built. He reserved a portion of the yard of this sketch. The subject of It died fifty yeaijl tavern for his own use and made arrange¬ ago. To-day none of his active pontenrA . ments that the sellers of the pig iron uoraries can he found, and his living chil¬ should deliver to that point, where hi? dren were all too small in his life to’un¬ teams loaded it and hauled It to the derstand or remember much of his varied forges. Sprout's wagon was drawn by six operations. So that It was extremely diffi¬ mules or horses and made as a rule two cult to trace his career with accuracy. It | round trips per week, though in seasons may be said to tie the joint contributions ; of groat activity sometimes three trips of his descendants, mainly of Wm. H. were made. Their load was 1% to 2% tone Sproul. of tiie firm of Sproul & Lewis, according to the condition of the roads. wholesale grocers, Chester', Pa., $ho is k The teamsters carried hay and feed for ills third son . ’ their teams and bedding for themselves. Thomas C. Whitson, esq., made a few When there were orders from Lancaster remarks on the paper of Mr. Houston, parties for finished Iron the teams would have loads both ways, but more frequently which was followed by a brief paper by they went to Lancaster empty. Rev. J. H. Dubbs. D. D., on "The When Mr. Sproul came to Sadsbury he Helffenstein Letters.” After the read¬ was over forty years of age and unmar- married, having already been too busy to ing of this t aper an adjournment was marry, but In 1830 he was married to Miss taken and luncheon served. Annie Johnson. Seven children blessed thSl- If tPh evening session was not as largely at- j tapestry from C’ talker; tended as the afternoon one, as many j which contained colored picture’s 0J°T ! of the guests and members left after j Payne had served the luncheon. ! s aat“La"d THE EVENING SESSION. | The evening session was called to esting felics Dr t Macyn°ther inter~ Unn rf t j/ L r H. Selling:; collec- order at seven o’clock by President Hflier Ind'an reUcs and stones, P. £ | Steinman. He extended an invitation on behalf of Donegal Chapter, Daugh¬ ters of Revolution, to the historical so¬ r -^% -rrf cr «T ciety to meet them at the Iris Club on Wednesday next between the hours of ten and twelve o’clock in the morning. Secretary Diffenderft’er then read the From, names of the following persons, who were proposed for membership in’ addi¬ tion to those proposed in the afternoon: Mrs. W. P. Brinton, Mrs. R. J. Houston, Mrs. J. W. Houston, Mrs. A. E. Whit- mer. Mr. William B. Wilson, of Philadel¬ phia, then read his paper on “The Wire, Rail and Bridge in Lancaster County.’’ A vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Wilson for his paper. Dr. J. L Zigler had a number of fine photographs of the Donegal church and cemetery. These he presented to the Iris Club. W. M. Franklin, esq., was next on the programme to read a paper. His sub¬ Early Days of the Century ject was “The People Who Made Lan¬ caster County.’’ At the conclusion of Ms address he was tendered a vote of in New Holland and thanks by the soeiety. Vicinity, Mr. Sener made a motion that all I papers read at the meeting be published in pamphlet form, which will be done. INTERESTING local history. | Robert J. Houston made a few re marks concerning the reminiscences of Reuben Chambers. He read a letter lei-’irst Rain Water Cistem-Thresh- from Mr. J. B. Bachman, of Columbia Machine. and Yankee Ciocks. concerning one of his funny ancedotes. ’ a ing Stars—Learning a Trade. After a few remarks by Mr Egle the Business Views—Etc. society adjourned. THE EXHIBITS rain Zf there WaS Practically not a One large room on the second floor Sv ?aC1Stern in N°W Holland, was set apart for the various exhibits Kitty or Catnarine Ellmaker’s dwelling and there were many of them. Chief among them were photographs of the PumpU1ft made Pumps torthat cisterns/6ar wereand a unknowncistera ex- spring, where Madam Ferree first set¬ tled, where King Tanama was buried, I bum “tbde fr°m °0PPer- Roland Hiller maps of Paradise, G. A. E. Whitmer- built, the next one and the labor ex- An’i Masonic Herald, Republican “Tele¬ pended on it was storp > a , c aud barroom graph,” Lancaster “Free Press,” J. B a h« ?h qUIre hlmself would spend Warfel; Lancaster “Journal" and other a half hour occasionly evenings elabor¬ exhibits, Mrs. H. C. Carpenter; Apostles’ ating on the completeness of the job • it Creed paraphrased, W. A. Heitshu; cost, finished, $75. William Hiester names of the s;aves in Lancaster county 1775, J. B. Eshleman; old map of Lan¬ soon after removed his great wooden caster city. Mrs. C. F. Rengier; picture am water vessel from sight and built a of the birthplace of Robert Fulton, Dr. cistern Gabriel Davis, at the approach C. A. Heinitsh exhibits from the Juliana of winter, placed a number of empty library, Geo. Steinman; Dr. Egle’s ex- barrels in his cellar and filled them !,o have a store of rain water when the sat side vessels were frozen. The lawn mower at that date was the as the traditional weird tales of witch¬ scythes. Hon. William Heister, pn his craft. Was the -world coming to an return from Congress, after 'adjourn- end V Was it indicative of war or fam¬ ment, brought with him a cute little ine ? Is it a citation from Deity to man to call a halt and reform? These were, grass sickle that was used in Washing¬ ruralite queries aud conjectures. Cred¬ ton to trmi lawns. Well, it was the ulity aud superstition ravished iu ie-j talk of the ladies what a blessing it was, gendary stories for days and weeks] so the boy of all work was sent to afterwards. borrow it and exhibit its qualities. One of the fixed principles in house¬ Getting instructions fron “Black Lew,” hold administration was that all boysl how to operate the concern, he proudly must learn a trade. These trained] got down on his knees and whacked habits of hand and brain work stood byj away. But the thick edged thing the man in all conditions of life, a] wouldn't cut. Grind stones were remote failure in any Other pursuit or business! affairs and the common grass sickle in life’s avenues could not briug dismay, was condemned. Well did you ever see as the mind’s will had environments a brick bake oven, or a cast iron dutch that at once suggested and fitted the oven? Every house had one or the unfortunate to turn to his trade for other arid the chicken pot pie that Our support—logic as souud as the resurrec-j mothers baked iii them was incom- tion of Christ. It was the principle of paribly excellent. resurrection, which, if taught in the Notwithstanding shin plaster hLiU public schools to-day, would solve the State currency valueless, away from tranip problem in twenty-five years. home consumption and renewal con¬ Girls were trained in household duties,' tinued their inexorable demands., The and ornamental nteedle work and tide of invention was running at low as evidence of close'application to their ebb, yet surely encroaching oa the duties samplers worked in colored fig¬ shores of prejudiced minds by opening ures served as graduating diplomas.; up new labor avenues, that promised All our aged mothers had this proud relief from1 drudgery and wearing toil. emblem of girlhood industry. With the The advance guard was recognized and stern, honest old father, he would be fostered by Kirkpatrick Brothers in derelict iu duty if the boy was not ap¬ the horse power j;hreshirg machine. prenticed to a trade, aud under this im¬ This invention thC laboring man de¬ pulse they were bound to the master for nounced with all the hou^kt fervency of three years. A worthy sire a mile south his soul, decrying them &fs' an inven¬ of New Holland bound one of his sons tion that would take the'bread from to Thomas Evans to’learn the tailoring their children’s mouth. T’lie' riSaebine trade. The boy protested, and after was a success and the Kirkpkfrlek^ some time came home ; hut stern duty moved their shops to Lancaster^ Jiff 3 must be enforced and the chap was re¬ more central location. turned and admonished not to desert, Now came the Yankee with his wooden his post again. The boy was of as stern material as was flic parent (a chip of clocks and machine-made tinware over¬ the block), aud serve he would not. To ' ran the State, under selling local tinner's escape parleying he took a hatchet aud ; so that they had to appeal to the legisla¬ severed the thimble finger from his ture for protection in the shape of license. hand. His trade was learned. Their clocks were ft God-send, as but Enterprising men then as now bor¬ few people had a timepiece except a rowed money to invest and push busi¬ noon or meridian mark oh the door or ness. An aged farmer and money window sill. The old style cabinet clock lender living south of the village was made by Bowman at Strasburg, Esterly frequently appealed to for help finan¬ at New Holland and others at Lancas¬ » cially. Horse back riding was then the ter, which cost $75 and more, could only fashion. The saddle was the pride of a be purchased by the wealthy. In the mans heart, and on it was lavished his midst of this wave of progress and ideal character. This money lender wonder, what next ? Nature came in as would consult the applicants saddle and , a rival, giving a wonderful exhibition if the stirrup was silver plated he would | of the refuse help, as he believed silver Falling Stars. entirely too precious for foot gear. To let the stars of the firmament fall Utillitariau habits were strongly im¬ and yet not touch the earth’s surface pressed and enforced on the young was a problem as incomprehensible as mind. So as a matter of fact the child soon recognized the necessity to avoid the grasp of the hand out of view and !oofemViSitinS toot Shoes would be carried in the jtemptation for some impecunious fel- and until near destination, when a llow to steal, as is done now. Chickens convenient stream of water would then, as now, were iuveterate scratch¬ afford feet washing, and their shoes es. The garden patch was their de¬ donned The writer, when a boy ten light. To get a garden enclosed with a years old was given a horse and cart picket fence required more labor than commissioned to go to a lime kiln two the laboring man could apply. Well, miles distant and get a sack of fresh our mothers rose equal to the task by lime with the caution that in the ! enclosing the old hens’ feet in socks event of rain on the return trip, the fastened tight around their legs, and lime must be kept dry, or might gener¬ also lariating to stakes. Amongst the ate heat enough to burn the cart. Well bread winners in those days bare feet he gust arose and rain decended at a were the rule, shoes the exception. point where a tree must suiQoe for Think of your mother going to the anrl tb T'" h°rSe W&S tied t0 tlle fence store bare-foot! The shoemaker came and the boy lay down on the bag of to the house once a year, made a pair of lime spread out to his utmost expan- shoes for each one of the family ; and V j??7ered the latent Are, and that had to last until he came again. averted the cart burning, resuming his ; We were a guileless people—had many jburney when the rain was over, arriv¬ contrivances that answered good pur¬ ing home safe was asked how the lime poses. Pins were a scarce article, 24 for was saved, and when told the master a cent, German make. Children were | stood in awe at the boys audacity to sent to the woods to hunt a thorn tree and gather thorns for pins. This sort of Thi an3I1Ser by riSkiDg Ws own safety, i is -ame cart, horse and boy some- pin lingered many years in woolen mills. lme later carried the madame and In r Every family took a packet of wool to daughter to Lancaster and return on a the woolen factory to have it carded mission of bonnet buying, the women into rolls. These were brought home seated on a bundle of rye straw and the and span into yarn on the old family boy on the horse, the round trip was wheel, which in turn was then taken to made between sun rise and sun Sp‘ the weaver and made into fabric for eight miles, | garments. Each packet of wool had en¬ In 1832 the writer nn i i.- closed in it a pound or more of lard, to walked to Lancaster from p fathei‘ lubricate the stuff while carding. Ycu see John Wise mnv m BareviIle to can readily imagine that purchases at •iou store were in small quantities—quarter voir now is or“ ® e water reser- pound of tea, cent’s worth of pins, two { cents’ worth of snuff (couldn’t keep When the balloonwa! ^uffi^t!1' inflated, the west wind sufficiently house without snuff). Demuth snuff! What 60-year-old person don’t remem¬ libputresttessiy HalJ doTS t0SSiBg jt ber the snuff box courtesies ? The gold snuff box of Senator Benton, from was in the basket he ordered t, W lease, but several nf n, " rcd *lle re~ Missouri, had socially a Natioual repu¬ their heads, held on , asfistants lost tation. And Demuth snuff, of Lancas¬ ter, was the best in the market. The I ***»*• The Tr children were the innocents no good (gust of wind, carried a-ainst% h ^ & roof emptying Mr w; * house for them. At the table they had to stand to eat their mnsh and milk supper combof thereof Thlw T °D th" from tincups and their pan-haas break¬ ascension, and his last was^in the600^ about fifty years later ^ West fast from pewter plates. Chairs were a luxury, requiring about one and a-half Lake Michigan and lostt°heildlng in days' labor to buy^one chair. Now that easting? twit balloon remnants WaYeS time in labor will purchase half a —- J.w.a. j dozen chairs.

In our former chapter we talked] Stiver Sand. . bout the 1840 debating school aud closed One quart of silver sand, three cents, ,' he subject. We will a But few modern denizens have seen the teacher turned our youth to man¬ the tramp with “Hackles.” What are hood, and of ourse his methods of dis¬ hackles ? Why, it was a contrivance by cipline appeled to the physical man which the fiber of the|flax was separated instead of suritual mentality, hence from the threshed straw, by drawing it the hickory ril and the necessity for, through a steel toothed comb about stern obedient to his dictum, by those 6x8 inches and having a hundred teet . given into his large for training as the These tramps were known as hemp- j coming man nd woman into whose hacklers and in the writers bovhood high prici—$4 a cord for hickory, ©3 * the nation icpeniu0' the destines of oak. The woodchopper got 40 cents a would eventuate. He did bate geogra- ‘ day. Teh days labor for a cord of wood ! phy and grammar and arith^o be- was impossible. Can’t live without fire. yond the single rule of three Sh^pe The father and son had to trim brush ing of pens, setting copy, etc,JT and dig up stumps for fuel. The writer iazv but honest, we put ni the winter has helped days to gather winter fuel in teaching school at 2 cents a^day P that way. Nobody dreamed iu 1830 that ' scholar. _1 timber could he brought from remote In 1720 Earl township was practically points for building purposes, or that a continuous forest with all streams un¬ anthracite coal could ever be used for bridged. Lancaster was hardly known. cooking and heating purposes, or of the The eouuty was born in 1729. Lancaster j making of iron without charcoal. city had a population less than 10,000 The writer, a country boy of all work, and Earl township, now comprising the I was, in 1834, dispatched on foot two three Earls, in round numbers 4,000 in I miles to Ream’s tin shop to order the 1840. To sustain this growth of popula- ( making of a stove pipe elbow with tion thousand s Of acres of forest must i specified length of the wide end of the have been converted into cultivated angle. On arriving at the shop Hon. fields by felling the trees with the ax A. E. Roberts was there and three of and burning them to ashes. Citizens i the Reams being intently engaged set¬ born seventy years ago, if boys, have ting up a coal stove from the loose vivid recollections of contests with plates. It was known as the Benedic stumps to swing the plow clear of the pattern—practically a ten-plate stove | roots and a prostrate boy in failing. with a cylinder in front for burning | One hundred years later the owners of coal. They had it girdled with several ; the vast stretches of forest yet stand- chains and were twisting and hammer¬ j ing sang the song of ing, but the top plate refused to fit and "■Woodman, spare that tree!” the boy, after waiting an hour, got an The alvove exhibit of growth in popu- audience, gave the order to he ready l lation alarmed our daddies. Marrying next day. The tinsmith had stove on and getting married kept pace with the brain and fit the thing wrong end too; of j maturity of the child. Every new pair course it was the boy’s fault. This was 1 must have a home built. The wants of the beginning of the stove trade iu New increased population and wealth multi- j Holland. plied demands for greater conveniences, j Now we complete the woods busi¬ Fifty miles to a woolen mill or a grist ness. The carpenter was required to mill or a saw mill could not be endured. cut and hew his framing timber in the Streams in abundance with power run¬ woods. All laboring men had lo be on ning to waste; must have new mills hand by sunrise and work until sunset. I built. His tools were brought on his back. Not a building could he erected with- I have known them to arise at two j out going into the forest for timber and o’clock in the morning and tramp miles | every piece used was of the best. Their loaded down with tools, aud get to their [houses aud barns were built to last for destination in time for breakfast, be¬ I generations. The mdl shafting and cog fore daylight, and begin work on time. | wheel timber and overshot wheels re¬ The fence maker carried heavy loads, quired the choice of the woods and the digging iron, shovel, axe, and pestel, to [wheelwright was privileged to cut it stamp dirt; so also the wood chopper, where he chose. Bridges were entirely two axes, iron wedges and maul; the too important to he constructed of anv¬ carpenter and fence maker got fifty il thing but the best material. These cents, and the other forty cents per ,[ were practically built without spitte, day We were a nation of footmen and * wooden pins being used; the floor was hod carriers—cheerful aud honest. The pinned down with wood. The great writer has helped carry oue Hundred Columbia bridge required acres of tim¬ feet of tin spouting, with all the re¬ ber. Every piece of iron was produced quired tools, four miles, fitted them to by consumption of wood. Thousand! the building, and returned before night. ,t of acres were converted into charcoal On one occasion had to return two for iron furnaces, forges and foundries. miles for solder, which was forgotten. Blacksmith aud coppersmith must have I Charles Diller, a graduate from Litiz charcoal. This reliance upon the for- I school, taught school several years at est for every improvement begat the < eighteen dollars a month, term, six belief that the woodman must -Spare months, found his earnings too limited i) that tree," and firewood commanded a support a wife anil two cEilclren, anil also to be made. Pall bearers carrying ; V.v; ^.ook a contract to make nail kegs at the bier to the cemetery on their shoul¬ Beading, twenty-seven miles distant. ders, perhaps a mile, had to make fre¬ He would walk the round trip every quent relay halts, stopping the mourn- I fortnight.rormngnt. Berac movedimusa tol Illinois .in.,.185g rnd died thirty ye airs later, possessed ot ers and funeral cortege of footmen and a 400-acre farm, which is now owned horsemen, all of whom, after consign¬ and cultivated by another New Holland ing the corpse to the grave, were in- vited to return to the house of mourn¬ boy, Ferdinand acobs, whose father moved to sterling in 1855. Mr. Jacobs ing, to parta

-evolution that required him to change discouutenoneed tippling communi-j position ahd wltlj mind preoccupied cauts. These (evidences are conelusm I simultaneous with the command gave testimonies of conscientious virtue and the spur to his skied to-ride into posi¬ permanent moral advance in the de¬ tion. The black horse took the bit in cade. his teeth, wheeled about, shot through In the Harrison campaign of 1840. the crowd upsetting a number of men however, no one will have the hardi¬ j and ran two miles before the colonel hood to deny the inebriating and de¬ j could get control and turn him against moralizing element dominating the a fence every horsemen followed at crowd in densely settled communities; breakneck speed. The battalion was but the sober mind controlled the mis¬ literally a confusion of tongues, women sion and destiny. The soul and business- screaming and questioning how ? what ? mind were awakened to the heart’s etc. The colonel’s family was in dis¬ depth, the moral fires of the heart gave may as to the result lent confusion for force to convictions pregnant with jus¬ half hour or more, that was hhth pain¬ tice and manhood that were irrisjstable ful and bewildering. Conjecture for factors in the throbbing motives for- the time being was worse than silence disenthrallment from a National regime suspense gave way to rejoicing when of mal-business administration that was the fugitives returned safe. The regi¬ fraught with bankruptcy and pauper¬ ment was brought into rank and dis¬ ism. And notwithstanding hard pider missed and this chapter in the history in the log cabin with the latch string of battalion day at New Holland was hanging out, and whiskey at three cents ** rehearsed and threshed over to the end a drink, the demoralization was less, I of muster days. ' J. W. for the reasons above cited, than it was three campaigns earlier. Presidential elections from the begin¬ New Holland and Earl townseip en¬ ning were events of great National in¬ thused equal to the best. The great terests, often producing acrimonious farm wagons were brought out, one discussions that resulted in life long en¬ loaded with a massive fort and armed tities, as the historic tragedy of Aaron defenders aud commanding officer; an¬ Burr and Alexander Hamilton eviden¬ other with'log cabin with latch string ces. And from that date to this more hanging out, a barrel of hard cider or less abuse and slander has attached within, in imitation of General Har¬ to every Presidential campaign. The rison’s hospitality at his home on the last just closed gave hope that reason banks of the Ohio river ; another with and logic has assumed the dominatinz a great ball, red aud white' and blue, force of appeal to the people, displac¬ six feet in diameter, mounted on a ing prejudice and derogation from the frame and kept in motion by a boy, political arena of party abuse. with the motto "Keep the ball rolling.' Iu a former ,chapter we adverted to These were followed by farm and me¬ the Jackson campaign as one of noted chanical industries and people by the events when the people were stirred to wagonToad. The route of travel was a their depth. So again in 1840. Financial continuous ovation. Food aud camp distress and disaster had revelled, in equippage for camping out Dights aud ruined industries to a degree beyond surplus for crowded quarters at con- forbearance being a virtue, when by ventious in small towns were supplied common consent a political revolt en¬ by a commissary wagon. Hinkletown sued. first, then Morgantown, and then to The people in the interim between Valiev Forge. Intense excitement pre¬ 1828 and 1840 had evolved to a higher de¬ vailed as the long line of 4-horse teams gree of political morality. The free loaded with ships, forts, houses and common school system had obtained a people, flitted by at the speed of three permanent place of abode in their es¬ miles an hour, adorned with National teem and their children stood, in fact, flags and having numerous transparen¬ on a common level, merit and talent cies afloat. It required camping out at alone excepted. A strong and intelli¬ nights to get to remote destinations- gent miuoritv opposed the whiskey jug The Democrats had dubbed General dispensary. It had disappeared from Harrison a petticoat general, said*hi.- the merchant’s counter, many family wife was his custodian, and to empha¬ sideboards were closed against the de¬ size their disgust for a wife-goverued canter and bottles, prominent farmers man they had petticoats suspended refused the freedom of the bottle in the from the end of a pole thrust from harvest field and that too with the con¬ second story windows, as a challenge sentof the workingman, and churches for denial. This was readily accepted. The fort wagon would be hauled broad¬ If of his uose with The hack ot ms | hand in place of with a handkerchief. side and halted in front of the offensive A bewildering greeting was given him. garment, port holes opened, guns were The writer’s recollection is that he was run out ready for battle and under in shirt sleeves. The great weight, or cover of the guns a squad of soldiers would be detailed to capture the gar. as the Yankee expresses it, the heft of the argument was the tariff. A protect¬ ^nent and bring the trophy into the ive tariff would start the wheels of the fort. The battle over, the march was now idle machinery, and homeeonsump- ■resumed. Suits in court to recover this tion would increase by reason of ini property or damages never developed creased purchasing power of dailv more than lawyers’ fees and court charges. Valley Forge is reached, j f anfnga* N>'w factories would have to be built to supply the increased de¬ vhich is an inspiring event. Washing- mands created by shutting out foreign ion’s headquarters adjacent to the goods. This would create a demand for fiver, the prayer tree where the general labor and higher wages would be paid in mid-winter invoked the protection fof God to save his starviug and freez¬ The mechanic would be in condition to ing army from destruction, the path¬ demand increased wages. “Two dollars a day and roast beef” would be the de way from camp to river for water [marked with the blood of their shoeless maud and it would be obtained Well! ifeet.reet. thetue longtong llinesines ofor int£enchij}eivts_lntrenchmeivts | men that were getting from 50 cents to and excavations tor tents. Forts Wash m cents per diem for skilled labor ington and Hutchison were mute ap¬ were astounded at the boldness of any’ peals to the assembled multitudes for one to declare that the American me¬ renewed fervor and patriotism to save chanic would be paid such prices for a their country from the political fren¬ day’s work, and for a moment doubted zies of slave holding plutocrats. These the speaker’s earnestness and candor. evidences of the deprivations were But after further elaboration they con¬ fraught with emotions of patriotic in¬ ceived it possible, and such a response spiration that was voiced with the of approval no speaker ever before re plaudits of thousands, svhich filled the ceived in volume of human voices An air with a thrill of noble patriotism, the elbow neighbor, a New Holland Demo¬ fervency of which sobered the brain of crat a hatter by trade, sober and in¬ every man, tempting him to bare his dustrious, with wife and seven healthy head on the sacred spot baptized with emldreu who was earning 75 cents a blood and hunger as a sacrificial altar day, hurst out, “My God, if ever I get where God trysted with man’s love of a dajr’ wor,,t I get rich!” He was a home and country so that a Nation of convert. Thousands listened and heard freemen could be borne in the spirit of the Buckeye blacksmith yarning. Such endurance and perpetuity. prices were inconceivable. It was an Returing from this hol^ spot the Lan¬ inspiring event never to be erased from caster convention came next. The memory’s store house. Pickpockets Buckeye blacksmith was the drawing had a harvest; a prominent citizen of card. Every available wheeled wagon the village lost $75. was pressed into service. The New History teHs the story of the results Holland delegation arrived in the city of Wm. Henry Harrison s election and evening before the convention, and draws the veil of charity over his un- were quartered everywhere. During imeiy death, and in connection with it the night repeated conflicts ensued as was this strange coincidence, that the roughs of Lancaster were out for a high ■ time. Mauy of the Whigs had Harrison medals attached to their coats. This her maiden trip to EuropeigJLiiupt; withVV1111 paS-pas was the red rag that enraged their sengers and was never heard of or seen animal propensities and the medal must afterwards. This ship, I believe, left be captured or fight, so during the the dock in April, 1841. People with greater part of the night the cry “To supernaturally-iuclined minds har- the rescue!” could be heard. In the bored thoughts of predestination. morning people from all parts came by Those with large ideality conjurec multitudes. About teu o’clock the afflictions for campaign sin;. since procession had reached the speaker’s then numerous ships have been hope¬ stand and after some preliminary talk lessly lost and a fruitful source was the Buckeye blacksmith was announced- overloading. The compulsory Plimli- His appearauce indicated a genuine sole band, painted on the ship’s side to working mau. Amongst the strongest show depth of load has relieved the stymptoms of genuinness was the wip- frgduenoy of lost ships. j \y s wery 111 tin’s work shall ho made .anifest; for the flay shall declare it, must have one for beef curing. Cider oecanse the fire shall try every man's barrels were indispensable, as apple work what ever sort it is. Know ye not butter aud drinking cider every well- that they are -the temples of God and j-egulated family must have. Butter the spirit of God dwelleth in you '■ \ and apple butter bread for school din¬ Nature gives each man a fixed ners; cider aud apples for long winter amount of energy of brain and body: evenings, courtesies for social callers and figuratively he can shape his ca¬ was standard first-class housekeeping. reer as a physical giant or an intel¬ Christian Wenger was one amongst lectual dwarf. As abnormal develop¬ the many progressive farmers who kept ment in one direction is prohibitive of his tools and vessels in timely repair. normal growth in another, we need not, He sent his cider barrels to Michael' therefore, be surprised when we find Good’s to be put in order or condition I men who in youth formed convictions for active use, and to be completed by of character, moral or otherwise, and a given time when Mr. Wenger would persued the principal with undeviating send for them. Promptly on time he tenacity, compelling conditions to con¬ came with wagon to take them home. form with the ideal purpose of their Unfortunately some unforseen event standard of conscientious justice; to transpired. that prevented Mr. Good become as irrevocably bent to their de¬ completing the work and was greatly cree, of morals or religion as is the Pope chagrinned at his failure. Mr. Wenger of Rome, and become known and ad¬ could take the completed work and mired as distinctive characters in the next day Levi, the son, would deliver community and regretfully remembered the other vessels. Although “no credit” as atrophied.intellects. was the inexorable business rule, Honest men in every sense of the Mr. Good . must refuse pay until word, scrupulously conscientious, just he had his stipulations fulfilled to the best of their knowledge and according to promise, so when ability. No blemi hed piece of mechan¬ the boy delivered the balance then pay¬ ism was permitted to go out of their ment would be due. Levi delivered the shop. They paid cash and sold for barrels next day, he received the pay cash. “Owe uo man anything” was and returned home with one cent more the motto. An edge tool made than the whole charge aggregated. by Levi Good was a guarantee of Father Good was surprised, interrogated good quality, and a grain cradle or the boy as to wheather he was cogui- | a barrel made by his father, Michael zant of the error. The boy replied that Good, was accepted as O. K. by he was, thought it was worth a cent to the entire community. When the deliver those barrels over a mile dis¬ writer was a boy of less than ten ycai s, I tant and believed that was Mr. Wen¬ the old gentleman Good was a grand¬ ger’s idea. Oh uo! That cent is not father and about yielding his me¬ ours; it exceeds our charges that we chanical industries into the control of had made of our free will, and having i his sons. Coopering was an important disappointed him it behooved us to cor¬ handicraft as all the woodeu vessels in rect the error and relieve him of the household use were constructed by the necessity of making the second trip ; it j local cooper (tubs aud churns excepted). was, therefore, our duty to send those j The stitz was an indispensable article in vessels to him. That cent must be re- | the harvest held, and when made of turned at once, and Levi had to take it mulberry wood was the pride of the back and apologize for coveting the j owner. What is a stitz ? Why it is a 3- coin. The seed was sown on good soil. or 4-gallon keg with a tin tube, about Levi Good’s make of edge tools were an inch and a half long, fastened in the never at a discount, but as reliable as! bung hole as a convenient mouth piece United States gold coin. to drink from. Mulberry wood im¬ Michael Good’s make of grain cradles parted no wood taste to the water, and were standard quality; and his terms one ot Good’s make was the boast of the were spot cash, no discrimination be¬ neighborhood. In the fall of the year a tween rich and poor; every man must thriving business in cider barrels and re¬ have the cash in hand or fail in getting j

pairs was done, and in meat vessels also. the tool. Mr. M., a wealthy and influ- Every household must have one meat | ential farmer, had given an order for a I vessel of a size that will peimit the harvester to be completed within a meat of at least two porkers to be put in salt brine, and well-to-do families given tiind, and promptly on time dis¬ torney’s office she swears out. a wl patched life man to get the cradle. Yes, ! for his arrest, he having threatened it is done! Spot cash are the terms to : her life. The police arrest him aud a all. True Air. M. is responsible and able i a iury of his peers condemn him to in- to pay apd for that reason aloue be! ! carceratiou in the penitentiary. Molly j should have sent the cash. We cannot [ ; is divorced, and, as a final sequal, dies, departjfrom our rules of business.' and her legitimate heirs (Deardorf’) en¬ ; Cash in hand is the inexorable law, to joy the competency. all alike Administered. He should not Henry D. Overholtzer, a popular and ask for favors denied to all others; energetic business man, had a country when he sends four dollars the ex¬ store at Bareville, having the confi¬ change will be made. Mr. Hood’s con- dence of the community, and when suitvru e forbade him owing a working¬ State contracts were let to grade the man over night, so at the supper table Philadelphia & Columbia railroad, each evening the laborer would be paid about 1831, he took a contract that em¬ his hire and asked to return to work braced the Gap excavation, leaving the next day. his merchandise business with his These people were law-abiding citi¬ trusted clerk, Mr. Devlin. Mr. Over- zens, reliant and peaceable. Yet under holtzer’s son, Isaac, and Sheriff Bare’s this contracted business regime, every son, Elias, chums, about fourteen years attribute of material development was old, wanted gunpowder to go hunting. subordinated to the narrow channel of Devlin would not sell to them, and if he “Owe no man any money,” thus would they had no money to purchase. atrophying other brain endowments, There was an unopened keg of powder which, if accepted as a business basis, on the store garret. They concluded to would render impossible the building of steal some, and not having an auger to railroad, schools and universities. bore a hole, concluded to.heat the stove Schweitzer Polly was unswervingly poker in the store stove and go to the just as she understood it. She and her garret and burn a hole in the keg. sister, refugees from their home in They made the third trip with the hot Switzerland, fled to America for con¬ i poker when Devlen thought he would science sake; poor but ambitious, sav¬ see what they were up to, when he saw ing, every cent they earned to invest in saac on top of the keg bearing on the a home, in their old age they were pos¬ po *v r. He was for a momont paralysed sessed of a small farm equipped with quickly rallied, just in time to good buildings and having a good ten¬ avoid the eatastropy of being blown to ant house, while they lived in a 2- atoms. Mr. Overholtzer’s railroad coib roomed log cabin, cheerless aud com¬ tract ruined him financially. Reuben fortless, getting warmth in win ter from Veidler succeeded him at the Bareville the old chimney fire place. Wood of s ore stand, which continues to be a various lengths, picked up from ad¬ flourishing business house to date. The jacent forest, literally covered the out¬ old budding was destroyed by fire aud side walls of their shanty. This Are a new one erected on the same spot in , wood was stood on end, resting against recent years and the merchandise busi¬ the building in great abundance. These ness is continued. j w g people were never idle; a ball of yarn and knitting needle accompanied them Caesar aud Pompey, rival Roman and while walking they knit stockings soldiers, fought for supremacy, for the or mittens, and while visiting knit un- political control of the world’s des¬ interuptedly. Untiring industry and tinies. fifty years before the Christian heroic economy gave them a compe¬ era. Caesar won the coveted post, only j tency, but!did uot relieve them of the to be, like his defeated rival and son-in- fruits of pinching poverty. Atrophied law, some years later assassinated. But * brain force\ compelled them to resort the name of Caesar was nationally en¬ to their shanty and frugal meal for en¬ dowed with historic honor. Four hun¬ joyment. The sister died. Molly was dred years later the great eruption and lonesome and married a man of their overflow of northern hordes of barbar¬ nativity. He coveted her possessions, ians erased the Roman empire and sub- ■ made life in the shanty un¬ ktituted the dark ages that lasted from I happy and to get rid of him pro¬ •300 A. D. to the fifteenth century The > posed going to Lancaster and decline of this flood of barbarism began buying him a suit of clothing. They in 782 A. D„ when a Teuton general met start on foot: at Lancaster she bids him them at Tours and defeated their host | be comfortable at the hotel while she of invaders, driving the Saracens in a selects a suitablejclothier. At an at- rout. This was King Charles, surnamed _ __. _ _1--rr- I Blue Stockings by the less sanguine nistory as Charlemagne, reigned after believer. These people were energetic him nearly half a century, and during ' builders, and educators, were indeed his reign established the Roman empire the advance agents in important de¬ on a Christian basis, and erected li¬ velopments in shaping national destiny,; braries, schools and colleges, nearly all and continue to hold the fort, and Hu¬ of which died with him in 814 A. D. guenot history remains a live subject. Thus the German character that The Mennonites were of Germrn or¬ Agrippa portrayed stood in the breach igin, strongly attached to their own to rescue lost arts and manhood. tongue, and in religious dogma divided Nero, emperor of Rome, about 45 A. into several classes, as Amish, Dunk- D. appointed “Floras” governor of ards, Moravians, etc., all, however, Jerusalem. His brutality angered the non-resistants, firmly believing it a Jews to a degree of resistance which contravention of Christ’s doctrine of assumed the proportion^ of a war of peace, to take up arms against the evil races. To quiet the Jews, Agrippa, doer or assailant. And in support of whom Paul almost converted, was sent their faith in deliverance from harm, j to Jerusalem to allay their anger, and God had given an object lesson in Abra¬ I in his famous address said, “Are you ham’s willingness to carry Isaac as a richer than the Gauls, who are pro¬ sacrifice, and his rescue, and Elisha's tected by natural barriers, and remain refusal of the overtures of Benhadad's loyal to Rome, with only a few legions temptations, whose armies surrounded of troops to hold them ; and stronger Elisha and his servant’s seclusion, hope¬ than the Germans, who dwell in an im¬ lessly lost, and yet were delivered by mense country, who have minds greater superhuman agents ; Christ healing the than their bodies, and souls that despise severed ear, and many other evidences death, and who in their rage are fiercer of escape by reliance and implicit faith than beasts, have the river Rhine for in God, by humble and prayerful ac¬ their boundary, and yet submit to eight ceptance of His promise. These people Roman legions?” The Jews refused chose husbandry as their life’s vocation this precaution and went to war. Titus iu the fulfillment of their mission. Each besieged them with over a million Jew¬ of these sects founded houses of wor¬ ish people inside the walls and about 09 ship, after the fashion of their several A. D. destroyed the city with great ideal beliefs, and thus became the van butchery. ! guard of American civilization'in re¬ The founders of this nation were a ligious tolerance, and by their mutual compact of special characters, each efforts became the progenitors of Lan¬ class endowed with a special commis¬ caster county’s business fame. Having sion to develop after their own manner opened up fields and farms, for the cul¬ the accomplishment of Deity’s dictum tivation of food products, substantial to subdue the earth in accord with their barns became a necessity and the great, several characteristic destinies. The i Switzer barn was e.volved as the ac-1 Puritan dealt in manufacturing and in¬ copied economical device for great ea- • vention and seafaring, giving blow for pa city of storage undjr a given roof blow in defense of his assumed rights. space. Their food products must be They ostracized all witches and John trausported to market, so out of neces¬ Rogers, fostered Congregational, Uni- sity for safe carriage and tonnage ca¬ versalist and Presbyterian churches, pacity, the Conestoga wagon was eou- , using the Fmglish language, and in triced and accepted. Its great strength their eager pursuit of trade error or and reliability commended it to the misrepresentation stuck as close to the commercial mind as a safe means of transaction as does the builder’s ham¬ commercial traffic. And interstate com¬ mer to the nail head. And the synonym merce, conducted by the Lancaster “Yankee’* was character. county Dutch, soon became famous in : The Irish or Scotch Calvinists, firm inland navigation as Pennsylvania believers in predestination and fore- Dutch transporters, that symbolized ordination, close observers, couscien- j character as distinctly as did the stars tious Sabbatarians by church service, and stripes on ocean commerce sym- intensely earnest Biblical students, bolize American traders in foreign some of the early settlers walking ten ! ports. miles to church service ; unyielding in These people were amongst the first their dogma, unhesitatingly consigning settlers in Pequea valley, about 1710 A. : the souls of the wicked to perpetual D., making lodgment iu Lancaster < unrest—they were therefore named county simultaneously with Calvinists. ' Walloon ists, Lutherans and Huguenots, mony, which on its face had the trutlfl d^eUiDg together in perfect peace and iso vividly portrayed that it caused the J harmony for some years. Their per¬ Plaintiffs lawyer to lose his head, and sistent Tea! yea! and Hay l nay! quiet like the Irish in 1827 attempted recov¬ | forbearing demeanor, humble and fru- ery by assailing these “innocents” as gal home hiyers, aLd owners of homes, a dangerous class, incapable of telling finally begat some jealousy, and a petL the truth when any one of their relig- Peirn'm8 S6Ut t0 Goveraor Gordon, of | ious followers were- defendants, as they Pennsylvania, m 1727, stating that a were all of a family by intermarriage— dr U°e n!U1!ber of Germans, peculiar in brothers-in-law, uncles, and grandpar¬ cliess, religion, and notions of political ents; and the fact that they qualified government, had settled in Pequea val¬ by affirmation gave color to his theory. ley; they had resolved to speak their This assault on character produced in- jown language, and acknowledge no tense indignation ; and the lawyer was, {sovereign but the Creator of the uni- by their dignified demeanor and pos‘- | verse and were therefore a dangerous jtive demeanor, cowed to silence and ; people -’ This appeal was ignored by di (honor. He lost his opportunity, and i the authentic8. The Legislature pomJ 1 after a varied career of questionable timelater passed an act naturalizing a morality, died a comparatively young [hundred or more of these Germans man, indifferently mourned by friends, I thus restoring confidence. The turbu’ lent minds hoMln“ but possessed of a competency. ___ J. W. s. £trwah1S; and m0Ved southward,found- After that in the wisdom of God the " U°W kU°Wn aS C0lerai11 world by wisdom knew not God. But These Germans had eliminated from God has chosen the foolish things of the j their vocabulary profanity, they world to confound the wise. De scorned covetousness and founded Tocqueville said, “Ho cloud that hangs ■ eir business relations on the confl so heavy is so miivky with threats as dential rock of oral promises as °00d that Cloud of civic corruption.” En¬ as written bonds; and by r^son of vironment is a force that holds in grasp their non-resistant ideal of human ~ov a power for either good o? evil, in hu¬ man government, that defies all agen¬ onTodUs’ibr“ °n imiJlicit -liane; on God s promises, which when prayer¬ cies, ameliorate or regenerate, without fully appealed to for wisdom and self- long and tedious encounters and con¬ poise of mind, would, they Pe ered vulsions. Why these opposing forces ? adjust political destinies; ami theV Is there no mental quality in man’s constant daily practice of seekingD I brain to distinguish right from wrong vme counsel resulted in the fruita^eof without having an object of compar¬ stern integrity, quiet humility, wfth a ison? From Abraham’s loins sprang dispassionate logic of events, that im two opposing generations of men, en¬ Pirried to then fellow man a salutary vironed within antagonizing realms in humau government, that has resisted friendly assimilation for 4000 years, and to-day threatens Christian civilization with revolution through the agency of that “murky cloud of civic- corrup¬ tion”—Turkey and the Powers. tneir ancestor^ icnn ^ uu The founders of this nation were a people whose environments were broken by the sword, the stake, torture on the rack, the gibbet, which iuflie character. & °f non-resistant tions they suffered several hundred years, ere hereditary trait, or strain of And in evidence of their force in m- character- was fixedly implanted in blood descent, so as to endure the t rials abou/isso! On a trivial^ °Courred of the ocean and the wilderness of the agreement in settlement of Account”" Hew World, after which came the flood these innocents (Ami-h ^counts, of escaping refugees. The Waldenses, Huguenots, Lutherans. Calvinists, Qua¬ brought to the 1 ir of virbitratSn kers and the Mennonite family, each I to adjudicate heir different division having ideal details, as to the observance and administration of vo, one alert in Christ's doctrine of universal peace, their chosen avocation, mentally soared ’ and by close attention lo t,heir belief in 1 over the world’s seas and land for the environment of the ixotherlioort of methods of accomplishing their des¬ man, as manifested in their system of tinies, building cities and harbors, ships earing for their poor, helping beginners and railroads, furnaces and stoves, to homes and farms, making every contending for supremacy by travel member a salf-tustaining, tax-paying, and discovery, and to defend their con¬ debt-paying and law-abiding citizen; quests, drew the sword, mounted the. having no saloons, or paupers, no beg¬ cannon, spending their energies in spol- I gars or brawlers, no immoral houses or iation, and retrievement, were rivals jails, there was little, if any, use for for positions above that of the plodders courts of law to adjudicate strife. It is j in the soil, soaring away above, as an open question as to -whether this im- [ statesmen, politicians’ professors,school plicit faith, as portrayed by them, in ■ teachers, whose mental sphere of lofti¬ the Divine ruler, if accepted by the ness -was environed with pity and per¬ higher, or trading classes of mankind, haps scorn for the professor of manual- would lead to universal quiet and peace toilers; simulating the bird on its lofty • nationally, to t he same degree of peace¬ perch away from the clatter; and -vul-_ ful order, that characterizes these garity of food producers, yet'oompeUed Dutcn settlements of Meunonites, to come down to eartlrtoeat, and thank whom western denizens denominate the Lord for the Pennsylvania-Dutch¬ Pennsylvania Dutch. Surely their ex¬ man’s industry, patience audjrood din¬ emplary thrift, and peaceful homes, ners. ’ . V— .exempt from divorce and suicide, their Paul’s earnest pleadings for the sus- industry and sobriety, home loving, j tenance, and acceptaaee.pf Christ oru-- and veneration for their Sabatli and lei fled, as the Saviour of-man, redeem¬ house of God, in so far as the mind can ing him from his own errors, was de¬ discern are the very Christian qualities rided and scorned by the .tews and evangelists endeavor to implant by Greeks, by reason of its simplicity and their missionary work, and hoped for want of worldly eclat. Papl confesseth peace obtained thereby. that neither the preachers nor profes¬ We do not intend to panegyrize the sors of it were distinguishe.d. either by Mennouites alone, but include (heir rank or riches. This he contends, how¬ several divisions under the general ever, reprobated by ipany-was God's name, nor do we intend making them plan, who had determinfd by'ihat: plan them the sole custodian of religious which they called fooljsj3.;.t0 confound faith and humility, iu this review, but the wisdom of worldly "wise, ho matter would ascribe to them the continued how dazzling, yet it was vain, as it faithful performance of their mission never stemmed the tide 'of passion by as evolved by Menuo Simon over 460 any other agency than by physical years ago, and as the balance wheel of force, while Christ’s doctrine humbled our political machinery, from whose the pride of man's heart and brought nicely-poised periphery the strain of him as a penitent, by moral suasion to steady motion is drained and assured. submissive peace and comfort. . Paul said, “The sjkirit divides its gifts This phase of worship" vtas assumed to every one severally as 1-Ie will,’' but at the birth of the Reformation by we may all be fillec^ with supernatural Menuo Simon, a Catholic priest, born life of meekness anil patience, and with in Holland 1496 A. D., wljir'died at the joyfulness, to the glory of God. The age of sixty-six years, after a long ser- builders of cities created the bulwark 'foundation 'oT liberty, t he cradle “of learning, the lighted lamp along the j pathw ay of social progress, and l’ounrl- ! ed the sinews of prosperity by the FromJ^'Y-gL&'T , maintenance of a host of food con¬ sumers, and developers of latent native wealth, thus requiring constant re¬ newal, by reason of consumption and deterioration of material matter, and idle degeneracy of brain forces, all of Datei which must be drawn from the farm and country school house. Why? First, because of the simplicity in moral stamina and tin defiled blood. Second, beause of their nou-defilemeut of stomach and digestive organs, by use local lore. of defiled b od. In early uays, in hand to mouth fight for Subsistence, extreme tidiness in the THE OLD WELSH GRAVEYARD IN EARL kitchen was impossible. By common consent each one assigued to himself Whero the Early Settlement in the Eastern the allowance of a peek of dirt with his End or the County Burled Their Dead. annual food consumption, the greater A Neglected Spot of Mach

part of which was attached to the Local Historical Interest* hands of the male gender. Carpets, paint, stoves and invention of machin¬ ery have changed conditions. The tidy What is known" as the Old Welsh Graveyard is inUasFEar! township, less farm matron, daughter and helping than a mile west of Fairville. It bae iOng i maid retain control of domestic affairs, been known: % ,that name, and lfmch personally supervising the larder, find speeu^tmg h.asithere been as.to its origin in the food preparations their sympa¬ Winch has a:ways appeared enveloped in V-. thetic touch of love and care is mixed Wry. A few facts, gatberodTcom | in every part and pot, so that on its nection with those old Welsh settlers J consumption the stomach of the hoy m n/ate y COn,e fc0 017 hfitiee, which may tand man feels the grateful tone that Myself. 6 t0 °tbers 38 to cleanly love imparts, in its assimilation, to the healthy flow of blood through thfbRoef Iti01mrfntiou is afc a meeting of 1720 u hen TV, i ropert7 beld April 29 their veins, and a quickening fervor to JmT fboraas Morgan, of Have-! the brain filled with a richness that in¬ ford, and Jenkm Davis, of Radnor an vigorates new life borne to a higher and desired about 1,000 acres of plane of thought. toga. TSeer al l^0 brauolles °t Cones- Not so with the city gentry, whose S. iSKf, ,C1' Vo1- XIX-. Beooud , cuisine is prepared by minds who in to^hfi0!’ 173°’ tha Board d«reots a letter many cases are made to. feel that the to the Surveyor which reads: <‘Tf thl position they occupy is one of inferior - j tt.\. Hence IhaTvTtaT touch of love is SS lTc“ ..yUni him lavh? CoUestoga which will please , absent, and a scrupulous care unneces¬ over 500 .T Quantity, either under or sary, as no one of the consumers will rea lv” tbs warrant shall be have a thought of kindness for her rt J't. -^-ud Taylor the Surveyor m painstaking. So they go on consuming der date of June 17 1700 „ V Tr> utl’ their annual peck of dirt, enjoying dis¬ tressed stomachs, congested digestive T, I,r”“e Conestoga Creek.” fSec ; organs, enfeebled vitality and degener- i ated recuperative forces; and when a sound, full-blooded man is wanted, they appear hTr ''VZWV* made, as will Davies’) at^Hi’a den^in Davis (or J apply to the. Dutch countryman, who and tfaaVof Tb^° vr°f Mudd* | supplies the want, and the periphery of the will T °mas Morgan near where [ balance wheel is kept in perfect tS. I working order by the Pennsylvania Dutch. pereoQ who had a warrant for land taken un That food, within its mission bounds, I OcP>ber^?r^7^«OVVD 'S situ ded and dated j for an and December 12 1718 ! holds in grasp the bestowal of charac- ! ; ter, was a science both .Tews and Gen¬ 't/ ^ loitsoou. tiles recognized before Jewish captiv¬ ity, as is apparent by Nebuchadnezzar’s decree to have certain selected captive Jews fed on a specific food, which they refused to obey. So the “foolish” thi¬ ol’ the world, continue in use t found the wise. _ *oud for 300 acres near Beartown, aucT~| one whose iniluenoe secured Tt agaihsV sold later to Nathan Evans, being of that destruction, and that is Margaret, bis date. Ihonias Edwards had conveyed to wife, and daughter of Thomas Edwards. him June 4 and 5, 1719, a tract of 1,000 Rees Morgan himself could have no in¬ aores located on both sides of -Conestoga terest in the matter—she had, in securing creek and east and west, f rom the point to posterity the grave of her father! where Cedar creek empties into it. This Rees Morgan was hut clay to be molded tract was slightly oyer a mile oast and by the hands of the proud, imperious, west and a mile and a-half north and masterful Margaret, his wife. He, a boy, south. One half covered what is dow married to a woman eight years his senior, : Spring Grove, and what was formerly had but to do her will. She it was who Weaver’s mill, on the State road. On this directed the taking of the unseated land, tract Thomas Edwards and his three sons aud it was she also1 that- added the words, settled, and died there. At Hinkletown “That Rees Morgan’s wife, being my Jen kin Davies and 1 ■, sons settled, and daughter, is concerning.something in the intermediate was Thomas Morgan, James interest of the ' affair (see letter Steel, a surveyor, agent for the Board of Thomas Edwards to Secretary Peters, Ar¬ Property, took out a general warrant for chives, page 229, Vol. VII., Second Series) 111,090 acres of laud back among the late and neglects to state that his son and surveys..to be laid out krone or more daughter are married to a daughter and parcels, and a warrant is signed, dated ye son of Jenkin Davies. The true inward¬ 1st September, 1718.” (See page 641, ness of thii is in the relationship of Vol. XIX., Second Series, Archives)*. Three ri homas Edwards with the proprietors. hundred and fifty acres of this he located Rees Morgan was not in good health. adjoining the Tnoraas Morgan t ract. This Tearing death, with a dissipated son to in¬ warrant lor 350 acres James bieol sold to herit his plantation, the will of the soman Jonkin Davies. On this tract was located again prevailed to make a deed to the tne burial place tor ail those residing in second son, dated October 14, 1745—four¬ the district from Thomas Edwards’ tract, teen years before his death, the son giving on the Caernarvon border, west to where his notes for the purchase money. Thomas Jenkin Davies was located, at Hinkle- Edwards died May 8, 1764, and in April, town ; practically all the Welsh residing 1768, Joseph Williamson was employe 1 in what is now Earl and East Earl. They to enclose the ground with a stone wall continued to bury there until 1745, when two ieet thick and three aud a-half feet some of them were buried in the church¬ high on the inside, the enclosure being yard at Baugor. A good road, loading 75^x82^ feet. The bill of Joseph William¬ north of the Conestoga from Churchtown son for the labor was 17 pounds, 18 shill¬ to Hinkletowu and passing the old grave¬ ings and 4 pence—about twenty-five cents yard, formed the ready means of com¬ a perch. Eighteen pounds of nails were munication between the extremes without used to secure the covering. This aud crossing the Conestoga creek. The road the other material used were paid, as is known as the Hinkletowu road, and is separate items by ilees Morgan. Little still in use. The 350 acres, the warrant Bettie Morgan was interested m this work. for which was purchased by Jenkin Making several trips for- nails, as the I Davies irom James Steal, remaining uu- work progressed, to the store at the Blue i improved, under the fourth section of the Bali. ; ..I;....'" agreement made between William Penn Rees Morgan died'less than a year later aud the adventurers and purchasers, (January 13, 1769). He is buried so that dated July 11th, 1631, was taken up by when Margaret dies she snail have her Kees Morgan. Rees Davis squatted on it, father on one side, her husband on the built a small house, and cleared an acre other, 8he procured stones for both, or more. A contention arose for its pos¬ alike in every particular, even to.the session between Rees Morgan aud Jenkin lettering, except “Thomas Edw.ards, Davies. Thomas Edwards, having been Esq.,” is iu Italic,capitals, These stones appealed to by the Board of Property, were well selected, deeply,.. cut, and under his decision, that it was clearly can easily last another-.century. - Mar¬ unseated land, a patent was granted to garet’s work was well done. Bhe linked Rees Morgan, dated October 12th, 1742, securely the name of her husband with lor 215 acres, the balance going, 1 pre¬ the iatae of her father, and both are pre¬ sume, to Rees Davis, who settled in the served to this generation. If any one neighborhood. Jenkin Davies, under the should not believe this let him go on the same rule, was given 200 acresfurther ground and see the inferior stone other, back and was forced to be content. Thos. hands secured tor Margaret, who tollowed Morgan died before 1737, as his.Widow twelve years later (August 20, 1781). held the property at chat date. (See war¬ Rees Morgan, in bis will, bequeaths rant to Jenkin Davies, Taylor Papers).. negroes and money, but no laud. The legacies are paid out of the notes of his Rees Morgan has so long been credited sou D ivid. Tho eldest son receives his with the giving of his ground—-praised £200 in instalments of £20 pounds yearly; for his liberality—that it seems almost > the balance of his estate to his wife, Mar¬ criminal to disturb him and place the garet, aud sou, David. Ho leaves 1‘25 J crown on the head of another and that a perches of ground to his wife, Margaret, | woman. The lutere.st taken in this j and son, David, to be held by them and j ground is for those there buried, their heirs forever, kf trust as a place^k | I and praise should be given to the burial to all who mat- re thereto memory of Hu As the enclosure anground ol ISAAC DAVIS, outside where the negroes were buriod is who departed this life January the 5th, A. D. 1S39, ivot more than 25 perches, thero is still Aged 83 years, 9 months 100 nerches left, ou which there was a and 1 day. small house, the rent of which was to pay Weep not for me, for here you see My trials havo been great; the quit reut (less than one oent a year) But now ’tia time I bid adieu and keep the fence in repair. There are And change my mournful state. teu rows of graves, twenty-eight in each (6.) In row. The first tombstones, being sand¬ memory of LYDIA DAVIS, stone, have long since disappeared. Only who departed this life oue is left and that covers the eastern October 5th, A. I). 1821, column of the gateway and reads: aged 63 years and 11 days. Dear friends, farewell, I go to dwell Here lies the body of With .Jesus Christ on high. JOHN D Wit), Then for to sing, praise to my King, departed this life the 2lst day of To all eternity. January, 1738 A. D. In memory of Aged 68 years. -ii JOHN DAVIS, who was There are only forty-four marked born September 18, 1783, Died January 11, 1824, graves, most of which are of this century. -Agcato years, 3 months Kees Morgan died January 13, 1769. and 24 days. His will gives his son Thomas 200 pounds Thus much, and this is all we Know, they're numbered " paid 20 pounds anuually, commenc¬ with the blessed. es withiu two years after his decease. Have done with sin, care and woe. 1 hei remainder of his personal estate, in- i And with their Saviour rest. eluding seven negroes, is given to his wife ' On harps of gold they praise ■ His name. His face they always Margaret, son David and daughter Eliz- View, then let us followers abetb and her children. Be of them that may- Elizabeth is married to Johu Pawling praise him too. David remained single. Margaret Mori In memory of Elmira k. davis, gau died August 20, 1781. She gives her born September the 18th, 1829, property to David, Elizabeth, and Eliza- Died July the 21st, 1S47. beth s children. Aged 17 years, 10 months and 3 flays. David Morgan died 1784. He frees his The years rowls round and negroes, gives all that remains of his steals away The breath that first it gave ; What are we do real aud personal estate to his sister Eliz¬ what are we be, We are_ abeth and charges her with the care of traveling bo the gravel his negroes, should they fail to make a Sacred living. He makes his brother-in-law. to the John x awling, executor. memory of Isaac c. Elizabeth Pawling died March 4 1786 ? DAVIS. At an Orphans’ Court, held at Lancaster, son of Richard December 17, 1788, Henry Pawling, of and Catharine Davis. Montgomery oounty (the grandfather) born January is appointed “guardian over the estate of the 23d, 1821. Margaret Pawling,Eleanor Pawling Eiiz- Died April the 23d, 1830, aged abeth Pawling and Rachel Pawling,minor 9 year, 3- •' children of John Pawling-, during their month. minority. (!%> - In memory of Thus ended, I presume, the care of the ANDRE W J. , EVANS,-„ son of Hiram and An trust made nineteen years before. Evans, who depart¬ | MO In memory of ed this life Decem¬ Joiix Patton, ber the 8th, 1823. - born in the Conntv of Antrim, Aged 1 mon th & 8 da. Ireland, DO.) In who departed this life memory of May 10, 1832, ISAAC D. TREGO, in the 83d year of his aged rr age. II months and some He was a soldier in the Revolution, and clays. 1827. fought in the battles of aoy2.) In (rermantowi), Princetown and Yorktown. memory' of (2-l in memory of ELI P. TREGO.' Margaret patton Aged 5 months ai>d Who died’July 7 days. 25th, A. D. 1849. Aged 84 years, (U.) In 3 months. memor.y of (3.) JAMlis TltERO, HIRAM B. TREGO. Bom February 9, 1798; Aged 2 years, 3 lJied June 6, 18S0. months & 10 days. Aged S2 years, 3 months and 26 days. 1841, Gathered in a pood old ago to the (UK-) In Assembly oi the Righteous. memory of (*•) In memory of ABSALOM TREGO. - LYDIA TREGO, Aged 4 months departed this life April 21, A. D. 1864 and 9 days. ’ Aged 54 years-, 6 months ' 1842. > . and 22 days She is gone, and iike a pretty flower 1 hat once In beauty bloomed, Struck by the hami ofileavenlypower- she sleeps within the tomb. J P ’ , I,v - 1 —ifo memory of w In memory of ' JOHN S. DAVIS. SARAH H ArfVIBR 1 GHT, Born Feb¬ was born November 29tli, 1731 ruary 10, 1850, Died September 4th, Died Feb. the 1867, 24, 1850. Aged 85 year, 9 month Aged 14 day3. and 3 days. ON REVERSE SIDE. (20.) • In memory of -Son of Elizabeth bawling Henry & Susanna who departed this life ’ Davis. March 4th, 1786, (13.) In • Aged 42 years meniory of and 1 month. CATHARINE DAVIS, (21.) In memory of wife of Richard Davis, SEN., REES MORGAN, who was born N ov. 7. - who departed this life 1792, Jan. 13, 1769, and departed this life Aged 59 j^ears. March 31st, 185S, aged '(22;) In memory of 75 years, 4 months and MARGARET MORGAN, 24 days. who departed this life My flesh shall slumber August the 20th. 1781, In the ground Till the last trumpet's joyful sound. Aged 76 years. (11) In (t’3-) In memory’ of memory of THOMAS EDWARDS, ESQ., RICKARD DAVIS, SEN., who departed this life who departed this life May 8, 1764. October the 12th, A. D. 1861, Aged 91 years. aged 72 years, 6 months and 33 days. (2i-> tv lies ttle body of ELIZABETH EDWARDS, who de¬ My flesh shall slumber parted this life the 30th In the.ground l ill the day of November, 1754, in last trumpet’s Joyful sound. the 76th year of her age. <15.) In ... ON REVERSE s:dk. memory of Entombed lam, in dust I lie, EYDIa a. DAVIS, " ithin this,.very place born Dec. My soul took*fligh('with angels bright. 21st, 1S4S, Tosee my saviour's face. , Died February withitv a sight the 12th. 1851, Of Him above the.sky, Aged 2 years, a'l'who believe and call 1 mo and On Him before they; die. 22 days. ^25'* .. . memory of ON REVERSE SIDE. MARY HAPBRIGHT, Daughter of Henry T Consort of ' & Susanna Henry Ham-bright, Esq., Davis. who.departed €his'life ■ 5 06.) In - August 4th, 18*25, - memory of Aged 72 y-earsl EBMXR'a E. DaVIS, (26.) In memory of born August * HENRY HAMBRIGHT, l‘SQ., the 24th. 1847, who was born April 11th, Died May A. D. 1749, the 21st, 1851, and died'Mardli 2, 1835. Aged 3 years, Aged 85 years. f' 8 mo. and 10 months & 20 days. 27 days. (27.) In memory’of ON REVERSE SIDE. Mary' ann Daughter of Henry H a MB right, and Susanna Second wife of Davis. General Henry 07.) in Hambright, memory ol who departed SUS ANN A DA vis, this life \pril wife of Henry S. Davis. 12, J835. Daughter of Jacob & Susanna Lied. (28.) In She ivas born September memory of the 10th, 1825, CHARLOTTE ANN and departed this life June daughter of Davis and the 1st, 1851, Maria Hambright, aged 25 years, 8 months departed this life and 16 days. 1 ebruary 17, A. D. 1851 From all my friend I gone away, Aged 14 years. 1 m„ 8 d. And took farewell with all my heart, Shesanght the Lord with To Rest in hope for that great day all her heart, And soon When shall need and never part. She found her sins forgiven (18.) ELIZA 13ETH DAVIS, Cheerful with all her Born Aug. 29, 1785, friends did part In hope Died Oct, 15, 4872. to meet them all in heaven* Aged 87 years, 1 mo. & 16 (29.) In days. memory of (18)£.) In memory of Samuel h., ELIZA KaIM, son of was born April 14, Davis & 3807, Maria Died May 9th, Hambright, |' 1868, died March Aged 61 years and t. A. I). J851. 26 days. _ __ Aged 5 y. and 14 d. Beloved in life, Happy in death. f (SO.) We reproduce’ below Congres who departed this Brosius’ eloquent oration at the life the 17th day of : ecoinber,T793. Memorial exercises on Friday afternv Aged. 73 years. June 4, 1897, Mr. Brosius said: (31.) In memory of ZACCHEUS D v VIS, JUl*., My Fellow Citizens: We are asseL who departed this life bied to-day to keep a custom of the a get July the 4tll, 1703, - Since Joshua commanded the stones t( In the 36th year of his age. be piled on the banks of the Jordan as a (33.) JANE ALLEN, a native of Ireland, ! memorial to the Children of Israel, monu¬ Died Oct. 9, 1826, ments have been the customary means of Aged 80 years. commemorating great events, historic (33.) occasions and distinguished services. memory of While our central purpose in this dedi¬ JOHN DAVIS, who departed this life catory service relates to the character and March 2), 1774, services of a citizen of Lancaster of Revo¬ In the 68th year of his lutionary fame, yet,as his career was asso¬ age. - (34.) In memory of ciated with the illustrious events of his ELIZABETH, time, it is in a larger sense sufficiently in¬ wife of John Davis, clusive to embrace the memorable occur¬ who departed this ence of the achievement of Colonial in- i life Dee. 19, 1796, aged 71 years depandeDoeand the birth of the Republic, j & 8 months. To be a citizen of a country without a I (35.) In memory of peer, uuder a government whose corner¬ zaccheus Davis, esq., who departed this life stones are the wisdom, virtue and patriot¬ ifaroh'tbe 25th, 1788, ism of those it was appointed to govern ; 1 In the 78th year of ins age. to love and serve it and enjoy ^protec¬ ! (36.) In memory of tion is our singular good fortuue ; but it i Joanna, wife of Zaccheus Davis, Esq., was the extreme felicity of our Revolu- ! whodepaited this life tionary father, our signer of the immortal Jan. 21st, 1768, Declaration, to share the glory of the In the 58th year of her age. achievement which made possible suoh a (37.) 1810. country. 1 (38.) 1785. George Ross was of Scotch descent, and (39.) F. L. DeV. (40.) A. L. A. N. his lineage is distinctly traceable to Mal- 1814. (41.) E. A. 1746. Used as a cap on the eastern column entranoe, there is a sandstone, on which are the words: Here lies the body of JOHN DAVIS, departed this life the 21st day of January, 173S a. I). Aged 56 years. B. F. OWEN.

GEORGE ROSS, V

LAWYER, STATESMAN AND PATRIOT. GEORGE ROSS. Born, 1730—Died, 1779. Descent and Family of Ross-Early in the Public Service—Member of the Conti- colm, Earl of Ross, who was contemporary nental Congress—Interesting In¬ with Malcolm, King of the Scots, in the cidents In His Career, twelfth century. He doubtless owed his success in some measure to those effective traits of Scotch character which have .n so much in Vvidence in our own the Continental Congress ; and Mar country as to lead a distinguished Ameri- came the wile of Colonel Mark Bir cau to observe: “'Whauever anything Birdsboro, a promiuent man of his good is to be done in this country you are and an officer iu the Revolutionary ? apt to fiud a Sootchman on the front seat This recital of family connections is \ trying to do it.” His father. Rev. George important to show the character and' Ross, was educated at Edinburg, where tinotion of the Ross family. It can.®' he received the degree of A. M. in 1700. nothing to the lustre of the eminent p \ In 1705 he emigrated to America and be- sonality of George Ross. j came Rector of the Episcopal parish at After his admission to the bar he re¬ j Newcastle, Delaware, where his son, moved to Lancaster, where he commenced I George, was born May 10, 1730. His his professional career in 1751. He ■mother was Catharine Van Gezel, of early gave evidence of a discreet and Delaware, a granddaughter of Gerrit Van well ordered mind. Almost the first Gezel, of Amsterdam, who was nephew suit he brought, and he prosecuted and secretary to Jacob Alrichs, the Dutch it with success to final judgment Governor or Vice Director of the Dutch iu his favor, was for the hand of a beauti¬ colony on the Delaware. ful and accomplished lady of Sootch-Irish He inherited from a long line of illus¬ descent, by the name of Anne Laulor, trious ancestors superior endowments and whom he married August 17, 1751. His at an early age laid the foundation of a city residence was at the corner of East I liberal education. He studied law in King and Duke streets, where the Court | Philadelphia with his half-brother John, House now stands; while his suburb'1^ a lawyer of distinguished ability, whose home was on the spot on whioh we if only rival for leadership at the Pennsyl¬ now assembled. In both places he dl vania bar was Andrew Hamilton. Samuel pensed a liberal hospitality and entl Adams in his diary refers to him as a taiued the most eminent men of his ti/ lawyer of great eloquence and extensive in law, politics, statesmanship and war. practice, and a great Tory. It was said The next scintillation of wisdom re¬ of him that he loved ease and Madeira corded of him was in devoting himself to much better than liberty and strife. In great usefulness when he became the the early part of the Revolutionary organ of the Colonists in their controvert period he justified his neutral attitude on sies with the red men and the mediatoo the ground that, ‘‘Let who would be, between them, making his country greatly! King, he was sure to be a subject.” Be¬ his debtor by the judgment and wisdom/ wdflT'wBreE" neconducted their ne^ fore his death, however, he followed the example of his brother aud became a eou- tions. vert to the cause of the colonies. Another The same benevolent spirit and hui brother, Rev. JEueas Ross, succeeded his temper of mind led him to respond father as Rector of the Parish of New¬ promptitude to the claims of the oppre, castle. He was an earnest supporter of and uufortuuate from whatever ca> independence and preaohed patriotic ser¬ When the Tories became the subjects mons. His sister, Anne, married John persecution aud sometimes imprisonme. Yeates, of Delaware, a cousin of the and it was esteemer. next to treason distinguished jurist, Jasper Yeatss, defend them, he, with James Wilson an] a Judge of the Supreme Court a few other eminent persons, was evert* of Pennsylvania, aud a resident ready to plead in their behalf. of this city. His sister, Gertrude, He was among the first of the Colonists became the wife of George W. Read, of to become sensible of the arbitrary acts of Delaware, a member of the Continental the English government and to feel “the Congress, of the Federal Convention of sting of British tyranny.” His indigna¬ 1787, United States Senator, President tion kindled at the extortionate and des-J and Chief Justice of Delaware, and a potic demands of the Crown aud he was signerof the Declaration of Independence. prompt to co-operatf in the initial move¬ Another sister, Margaret, was twice mar¬ ment to seoure independence. ried, in both instances to clergymen of The Virginia resolutions, proposing a the Episcopal Church. Susanna also was Congress of all the Colonies, were re¬ married to a minister of the Established ceived in the General Assembly on the Church. Catharine was married to Wm. eve of its adjournment. Notwithstand¬ Thompson, the commander of the famous ing it was the opiuion of many members Thompson’s Battalion of Riflemen, Penn¬ that whatever measures might be adopted sylvania’s first troops in the Revolution¬ should proceed from a future Assembly ary war, and the first men from any of fresh from their constituents, so com¬ the colonies south of New England to manding was the position of Mr. Ross join the American army before Boston iu among his colleagues that he was ap¬ the summer of 1775. This gallant officer pointed a committee to draft a reply to became General of the Continental Line, the Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates. In that reply he expressed and was taken prisoner at the battle of Three Rivers, near Quebec, iu June, 1776. with clearness aud force how sensible the members of the Pennsylvania Assembly He was exchanged in 1780, and died a few months later. His sister, Elizabeth, mar¬ were of the importance of co-operating with the representatives of the other ried Colonel Edward Biddle, of Reading, Colonies in every w so and prudent meas¬ a distinguished lawyer, Speaker of the ure for the preservition aud security of Pennsylvania Assembly, and member of their gen pTrights and liberties, | the British nation for redress, for peace By the success ot his services in the liberty and security. Little wonder that Assembl he plumed his wings for a [ the first Continental Congress extorted higher rht of public usefulness. Ou the admiration of the world. From the the 22d , . 7 7 uJuly, 1774,‘ > uohe was'vas ot)one0 oiof seven moment of their first debate, says De aelegate/ chosen'nr>eon frtto represent-_i the l t-»Province Tocqueville, Europe was moved. “John in the /Joutinental Congress. His col- Adams said that in point of ability, virtue leaguey were Joseph Galloway, the and fortune tuey were the greatest men i ^eakafof the Assembly, Samuel Rhodes, I upon the continent. Lord Chatham in I Tliom/s Mifflin, Charles Humphries, John the face of the King declared: “I must Mortal and Edward Biddle. Ou October aver that in all my reading of history that I loch, on motion of Mr. Ross, it was or- for solidity of reasoning, force of sagacity dered that John Dickinson bo chosen an aud wisdom of conclusion, under such a d6'eIate- Thac Congress met complication of circumstances, no nation ou the 5th ot September and adjourned j or body of men can stand in preference to 011 Ofifcnhov 9.RhVi r\f' - ^ on October 26th of the same year.” the General Congress assembled at Phila¬ T As George Ross shared the distinction delphia.” achieved in that short session of seven But Mr. Ross was not a one term Con¬ weeks, it may be worth while to pause in gressman. He was re-elected on Decem¬ our narrative long enough to take a ber 15, 1774, to the Congress whioh con¬ j glimpse of tdat notable Assembly, the first vened May 10, 1775. To the succeeding Contunental Congress. It met in Carnen- term he was not elected, but on July 2 seat, though he was to become the fore- ! upon the unsatisfactory situation of the most man in all that celebrated company Colony and evidently intended to repress | Of such men and others of less note was i the pursuit of his profession, eschewing that Congress composed. Their work, politics for several years. His suocess at was the grandest of the ages. No body ! | the bar brought him in a few years the of men iu ten times the period had ever appointment of prosec utor for the Crown before achieved so much for mankind as an office which hefiileo with distinguished this halt hundred in two aud fifty days. oredit They surveyed and mapped the rights of Iu 1768 he was chosen a representative man, declared that no law enacted with¬ to the General Assamnly and continued a out his consent was binding upon a member of that body until 1777, excepting British subject, that taxation without re¬ the years 1772 aud 1776. During this p." presentation was tyranny, that the com¬ riod the benevolence of his miip] led him mon law of England was every Eno-Hsh- to Study the condition of the Indians aud man’s birthright. Having defined the the character of oiir intercourse with rights or America and solemnly declared them. This preparation qualified him for their purpose to maintain them they the ardor oi those vho favored the re¬ closed their work with a recital of their dress of grievances, a question of serious 'grievances and an e« nest,cairn, concilia- moment arose whether they should yield j toryand dignified appeal to the justice of j to fche^ solicitation oi the Governor or ! . ..land firmly by the measures of Congress. i vention which had superseded th3 On this questiou there was a long debate _ 1 Assembly, and the other to draft a lav? in which Mr. Ross took a conspicuous . defiuiug treason to the State and fixing a part. He was an able debater, a persua¬ punishment for that crime. Here we note sive and convincing speaker. The influ¬ an judication of the esteem in which he ence of his eloquence and the power of was held as a lawyer. He is said to have his logic prevailed. A committee of which been among the first of his profession. In he was a leading member was appointed the deep and intricate controversies aris¬ to draft a reolv to the Governor's mee- ge. That reply will challenge coinpari- ing in that formative period he took a pn with any other similar state paper on conspicuous part. On occasions com¬ record. JeSersou himself could not have manding the greatest exertions of the exceeded its exquisite diplomacy iu form strongest minds he was among the fore¬ and temper. It exhibited conciliation most, never failing to acquit himself .vith without servility, respectful deference distinguished credit. without obsequiousness, resoHite firmness Wheu he retired from the Continental without offensive defiance. George Ross Congress he received an agreeable wrote it and the Assembly adopted it as demonstration of the approbation of his their answer to the Governor’s address. constituents in the form of a resolution When the situation became more crit¬ passed at a publio meeting in the borough ical and measures were required to put of Lancaster, which showed not only bow the Province in a suitable state of de¬ sensible his constituents were of the value fense, he was appointed a committee to of his publio services,but afforded him an report such expedient measures as the opportunity of evincing his sensibility to situation required. The report recom¬ the obligations which his duty to his mended ways and means of defending the country imposed. As this expression of lives, liberty and property of the citizens appreciation and gratitude had a touch and repelling any hostile invasion of ot novelty and was highly creditable to British troops. It advised putting the the citizeus of Lancaster I will be excused Province on a suitable war footing, to for reproducing it in this connection: prosecute their predetermined defense of | H680t>v6d% That the sum of one hun¬ their rights, liberty and independence. dred and fifty pounds out of the common He was eminently qualified' for exertions stock be forthwith transmitted to George of this character, for no man better com- , ttoss, one of the members of the Assembly preheuded the difficulties under which for this county and cne of the delegates the Colonists labored iu their encounter for this county in the Continental Con¬ with British injustice, or grappled them gress, and that he be requested to accept with a more robust spirit of determina¬ the same as a testimony from this county tion and defiance than George Ross. This of their sense of his attendance on the sense of the situation and his heroic puolic business to his groat private loss, spirit were accentuated when he said to and of their approbation of his conduct! bis son : “We are fightiug with halters “ Resolved, If it be more agreeable, Mr, around our necks, but we will win.” Ross purohase with part of the said When war was imminent he was called money a geuteel piece of plate orna¬ upon to assist in the preparation of rules mented as he thinks proper, to remain aud regulations for the government of with him as a testimony of the esteem the military forces that might be em¬ this county has for him, by reason of his ployed. On July 4, 1776, at the very patriotic conduct in the great struggle hour the Declaration of Independence for American liberty.” was being adopted by tbe Continental Even in our day, wheu this mode of re¬ Congress, he was at Lancaster presiding quiting the servioes of public servants is at a meeting of the officers aud members out of fashion, we can easily underst-nd of the fifty-three Battalions of Associa- how grateful to the feelings of Mr. boss tors of the Colony of Pennsylvania to was this testimony of affection aud grati¬ choose two Brigadier Generals. On July tude. But he was as sensible of his dig- j 6th he wrote to Col. Gailbraith enclosing nity and duty as were his coustituents of the resolves of Congress on the subject his services and their obligation. With a of Independence which he had just re¬ modesty characteristic of real elevation ceived. He was about this time Presiden- of mind, he disparaged his service to his J of the Lancaster Committee of Inspec¬ country aud declined this moderate hon¬ tion, Observation and Correspondence. orarium from his feliow-citizens, protest¬ He was Colonel of the First Battalion of ing that in bestowing his exertions upon I Associators of Lancaster. On July 18, the cause of liberty aud independence he 1776, he was elected Vice President of the was impelled solely by a patriotic sense of j Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention. duty, aud that he did no more than every j At different times he was a member of man should do to advance the causa of 1 the Committee of Safety for Lancaster ■ bis couutry without hope of pecuniary county, aud on July 6, 1775, was appointed j reward, fauch elevation of character, lofty one of the inspectors of military stores, patriotism and disinterested devotion to i He was also appointed on a committee to the claims of duty command the homage prepare a declaration of rights on behalf and admiration of the world, and consti¬ >she State; was chairman of two other tute an example worthy the emulation of xittees of importance, oue to formu- maukiud. /ulesfor the government of this Con- The remnant of life allowed Mr. Ross after his retirement from Congress was to be still furtfier 'dignified' and exaftocT by his elevation to the Bench of the Adrnir- * lution was passed : alty of the State to which lie was appointed “ Resolo6d, That the Declaration passed March 1, 1779. A brief service upon the od the 4th inst. bo fairly engrossed on Bench demonstrated tho possession of parchment with the title aud style of great ability, diguity and tireless ‘The Unanimous Declaration of the industry in the discharge of his judicial thirteen United States of America’ aud duties. He died on the 14th of J uly, 1779, that the same when engrossed be signed by a sudden illness at his homo in Phila¬ by every member of Congress.” On the delphia, and was buried in Christ Church 2nd of August the Journal says : “The burial ground. From a letter written by Declaration of Independence being en- a member of the family at the time it ap- grossed and compared at the table was ] pears that in his last conversation he ex- : signed by the members.” The signers hibited great cheerfulness, spoke pleas¬ were thus of necessity the members at antly of the long journey he was about to the time the instrument was submitted take and hopelully of his prospects in the for signatures, all of whom with three haven ot rest whither he was going and exceptions signed at that time. Two to which his wife had precededliim. »jg°ed later iu the fall aud Thomas The pedestal and tablet we dedicate to¬ McKean not until January, 1777. day will declare to coming generations Another circumstance invites our at¬ what would remain as durably in the re¬ tention in this connection, not one that membrance of mankind without the aid would either make or mar so great a fame of brick or bronze, that George Ross was as that of our Lancaster signer, but which a signer of the Deolaration of Independ¬ requires an explanation to be recorded ences a fact which conferred perhaps on this occasion ; for the attentive student greater aistinotidu than auy otuer act un of our Colonial and Revolutionary history his illustrious career. Next to John Han- ! and the studies it has afforded for dock’s, the boldest and strongest signa¬ artistic representation still wonders why ture to that immortal instrument is that of the face of George Ross does not appe.ar George Koss. It has been taken for in the celebrated painting of the1 granted and commonly believed on the Slguers iu the rotunda of the Capitol warrant of unveracious chroniclers for a at Washington. John Trumbull was hundred years that he was a member of employed by the Government to execute the Congress that adopted the Declaration this work. He was a painter of eminence on the Fourth of July, 1776. This is not and was employed at the same time on a the fact, and we must not withhold the number of historical studies illustrating homage due the truth of history by our Revolution history, under a contract omitting to record on this occasion abso¬ with the Goverumeut. He travelled exten¬ lute historic truth. sively iu Europe and traversed the States It will be seen from what I have already in search of portraits for the purpose of his said that George Ross did not sit in the paintings. His idea, as stated in hi* Continental Congress from November 3, autobiography,jwa.8 to secure the likes 1775, to July 20, 1776, in which interval nesses oi tne men who were the authors the vote of adoption took olace. It is and signers of that memorable Declara¬ worthy of note that some members^ not tion ; and the rule he laid down for bis alone from Pennsylvania but from other guidance in the composition of the paiut- Colonies as well, who occupied seats on iug was to admit no ideal representation. the Fourth of July and voted for the He was determined in his purpose adoption of the Declaration, ceased to be tireless in his exertions to prooure the members before the 2nd of August when face of every man required for the com¬ the signing took place ; and on the other pletion of his canvas. Au incident hand some who were not members on the given me by Mr. J. Hammond Trum¬ Fourth ol July became such before the bull, of Hartford, Connecticut, derived day of signing, and while they had no from the artist himself, illustrates the agency in the adoption enjoyed the dis¬ length he went to carry out his intentions. tinction of signing the Declaration. The No portrait ot Benjamin Harrison oould Pennsylvania delegation underwent a be found ; none was iu existence. One day radical change in that interval. Five when the painting was nearly completed a members, viz., John Dickinson, Charles stranger entered his studio and after Humphries, Edward Biddle, Thomas looking at the picture for some time re¬ Willing and Andrew Alien, were suc¬ marked: ‘‘I don’t see Governor Ben. ceeded by George Ross, George Ulvtner, Harrison there. He signed the Declara¬ Benjamin Rush, James Smith and George tion.” “Did you know General Harri¬ Taylor, who took their seats on the 20th son ? asked the artist impatiently. of July, aud all signed the Declaration, “ Well, I ought to.” was the reply. “He though they had no parkin its adoption. was my father.” “Isthere any likeness of The only signatures placed upon the him?” asked Mr. Trumbull. “No,” said instrument on the day of its adoption Mr. Harrison, “tnero is no picture, but were those of John Hancock, President, j ; my mother aud the lamily have always aud Charles Thompson, Secretary. The told me that I was the image of my father order made on the Fourth, as shown by at the same age except for the difference the Journal, was “that the Declaration in color of eyes and hair.” “ Please staud be authenticated and printed.” On the just where you are,” was the peremptory 19th of July, however, the following reso¬ command of the #paiuter, who caught up his pailette aud brush and began to make a sketch of his visitor, making the requi- is certain that Mr. and Mrs. Ross’ were, -ite changes eyes and fiaitl When "the and it is said by members of the family sketch was completed he shewed it to Mr. Harrison, who, after studying t for a while, chat portraits of two children were also made. said: “ Well, I don’t believe there is a Another incident narrated by the same man in Virginia who ever s w Governor Harrison who would not r cognize that author confirms the fact of West’s visit as his likeness.” And that face caught ! Lancaster. Mr. Galt says: “At the time of West’s visit to the Ross family he met thus on the wing went on the famous , a gunsmith by the name of William canvas. ■ Henry, who, having something of a clas¬ The artist found it difficult to determine sical turn, proposed to the young artist to * who by rights should be represented. paint the death of Socrates. West had [ Should he admit those only who were never heard of Socrates.but the gunsmith present and voted for adoption and ex¬ booked him up and he made a sketch clude those who voted againstj it, or should which was very clever. He, however, he recognize the title only of those who was iu doubt how to represent the slave signed the instrument? Oil these ques¬ and he said to his friend: “ I have hitherto tions he consulted Adams and Jefferson, painted faces and people clothed ; what who concurred in the advioe that the am 1 to do with the slave who presencs signatures should be the general guide. the poison? He ought, I think, to be Mr. Ross was within this rule and his face would certainly have adorned the canvas naked.” Henry went out to his work-shop ana brought in one of his workmen, a I iif a portrait of him had been available. Mr. Trumbull, however, in the end handsome man, stripped to the waist, adopted a very liberal test aud admitted saying, “There is your model,” and ac¬ cordingly the muscular toiler went onto to the privilege of his canvas some who the cauvas. adopted but did not sign, some who signed but did not adopt, and some who did both A careful review of the chronology of . and two whodid neither, viz., JohuDickiu- events which cluster about the portrait of sou, who was an eloquent opposer of the George Ross leads to the conclusion that measure, and Thomas Willing, who voted it was executed between 1750 and 1760, agaiusr, it and being retired before the when he was twenty-five or thirty years I 2nd of August had no opportunity to sign. of age ; aud au inspection of the picture But the mystery of the omission deepens confirms this view. A copy, made about when we remember that there was extant 1875, by Philip Wharton, I am advised, a portrait of Goorge Ross, painted by now hangs iu Independence Hall. It is; Benjamin West, of whose existence Mr. not a little singular that anyone in pos¬ Trumbull may fairly be presumed to have session of a portrait of so eminent a person had knowledge, for he was a friend of at a time when a group of figures to wbose companionship he had so just a West’s and a frequent visitor at his house j title was beiug painted by order of the i 1 London during the years that the! ‘•great picture” and the persons who' Government,did notjproduce iteven with¬ were to compose it were on his mind and out request. The only admissible ex¬ frequently on his lips. planation is that from 1810 to 1824, when I find an interesting inoident recorded Mr. Trumbull was in quest of portraits! in the lile aud studies of Benjamin West for his historical studies, the Ross picturel by John Galt, which leaves no doubt of was stored away iu somebody’s closet,out! the fact that West painted a portrait of of sight and therefore out of mind, and George Ross. Young West was visiting the artist’s search failed to reach its hid- a friend by the name of Flower, a Justice | iug-place. It thus happened that the of the Peace iu Chester county, who had celebrated painting ol the “signers” ■ a legal friend in Lancaster by the name of which cost the Government $8,000 received Ross. “ Lancaster,” says the biographer, the artist’s benediction without the face “ was remarkable ior its wealth aud had of Lancaster’s illustrious signer. the reputation of possessing the best and But the fame of George Ross is not most intelligent society to be found in conditioned by the accident of an effigy America,” a reputation which it is her or the circumstance of an artist’s unavail¬ felicity to have- maintained through the ing search. Immortal wreaths iu this! interveuiug century and a half. Mr. world of ours will ever crown immortal Flower brought his youug friend to the deeds. A Roman orator,to stimulate the Ross mansion on a visit. “The wile of heroism of his countrymen, placed before Mr, Ross,” says the chronicler, “was them the visiou of a heaven of never-end¬ greatly admired for her beauty, aud her ing repose and happiness for those who children were so remarkable iu this re¬ defended their country. So is tUere a spect as to be objects of general notice.” heaven of never-ending repose for the Mr. Flower at dinner advised his friend honest fame of the good and great in the Ross to have the portraits of his family remembrance of mankind. The memory taken, and suggested that they would be of this eminent citizen, upright judge, excellent subjeots for young West. Ap¬ and sterling patriot, as well as that of his | plication was afterwards made to West’s illustrious contemporaries who led the father for permission for the young artist Colonies through the Red Sea of Revolu- to go to Lancaster for the purpose of tion to the Canaan of Independence, can i making one or more portraits of the uever lose-its pjrennial green; for their 1 ’’osses. How many pictures were executed fame is indissolubly linked with and im- I bat time has eluded my search ; but it perisbably eiWhrined in the history o£jl £2: ^HSSroio struggle to iing a youth of great ambifioV secure the inclinable rights of man -ing, he a.t the early age of six,! J'j p ace government on the moveless base otained the command of a company Si of liberty andjjusfcice, and establish in the the provincial service (war of 1755) i ;?,T1^°n

In appearance Col. Atlee was very handsome, with a fresh, rudely com¬ plexion, brown hair, blue eyes, straight and portly, and very military in his carriage. He died in 1786, aged forty- seven years. His son, Isaac Richard¬ son Atlee, was married to Mary Clem- son, the sixth daughter of the second James Clemson, Esq., of Pequea valley, who lived a short distance southwest of the “Three Crowns Inn.” Mary Clem¬ son was one of the seven daughters of James Clemson*, and the sixth to elope with the man of her choice. The house in which she was born and raised is yet standing, and was built in the year i j 1735. Isaac Richardson Atlee migrated j I after his marriage to near Frederick, j j Md., where his descendants are still jj living. i

v Paper prepared by J. Watson Ell- maker. and read before, the Lancaster ; County Historical Society on January 7, 1S98, by Miss Martha B. Clark. * Janies Clemson’s grandfather, Jacob Clem- son, came from Sweden to America in 165<> and settled in New Jersey; then in Philadelphia, where he is buried in the Second Street i Friends’ Churchyard. use ; therefore, in order lo perpetuate the true ordering of the church, and for its general use. to promote Christian love and order in the church, we adopt From,. the following rules of order to be ob¬ served in the future, for the general good and prosperity of the church, as follows : One of the elders shall have the right to receive and accept into membership new converts according to the estab¬ lished rules of the Seventh Day Baptist church at Ephrata. Each member shall, with the utmost endeavor, live in peace and fellowship with the church. Every member that will not live in obe¬ LOCAL HISTORY.* dience to the rules and order of the Jr church of Ephrata will break his or her Account of a Seventh Day Baptist Gen¬ membership and forfeit his or her right eral Conference Held in the Eph- and benefit to the church. A commit¬ rata Cloister in 1823. tee of three members shall be ap¬ pointed annually by the conference, one [Published by Request.] elder and two Say members, whose duty At a Seventh Day Baptist General 9 it shall be to register all the true stand¬ Conference held at Ephrata, Lancaster I ing members in church fellowship, and county, and State of Pennsylvania, on « also such as have withdrawn and will the 23rd day of August, 1823, Jacob I withdraw hereafter. Kimmel and Andrew Fahnestock were | The secular business of the church with one accord appointed Elders of the £ shall be in the care of trustees accord¬ Church, and Abraham Konigmacher | ing to the rules and order of the art,ides and Jacob Angus overseers of the poor. of incorporation, whose duty it shall be As we are assembled here in a general ! to make an annual settlement of the ex¬ conference for a bettering of the de¬ penses and income in Ephrata. nominational circumstances, we have The election of the trustees shall be many reasons to be thankful to God for held in Ephrata on the day set therefor his goodness in sparing us and our according to the second section of the brotherhood as a church, while so many articles of- incorporation, of which the people have so loosely united together to !| secretary of the Board of Trustees shall destroy the-consecrated place ; but their give notice two Sabbaths beforehand by weapons were broken, and their arrows | a written notice put; up on the door of rebounded, striking themselves. There- S the meeting house ; anti at the opening fore we should be* he more thankful to of the election he shall openly . read the the blessed Mas tea for his great love he f second section of said articles of incor- has shown us from time to time, and for ■; $ (poration ; at said election he shall be the glorious liberty that the citizens of constituted the teller, and carefully re¬ I this State enjoy in the privilege of cord the result of the election, accord¬ openly honoring- the Almighty accord¬ ing to the duties of the trustees. ing to the dictates of their own con¬ And as it is an established custom of sciences, which we esteem as one of the jl our church to care, see after and pro¬ most excellent blessings. Furthermore I 1 vide for the poor members of the as we desire to be filled with pure Chris- church, we hereby adopt the following tian love, to be charitable toward all rules of order : That any member of who IjAve withdrawn from us in faith | the church, who being needy or in I and-practice. We trust that in all sin- f want, shall make it known to both the j eerily we may lay claim of others, that overseers of the poor, whose duty it i he groundwork of God, which we up- I hold, will lead to unity and harmony; shall be to inquire into the condition of such members, and furnish such aid and hence we are pledged to live a quiet and help as in their judgment the needs and peaceable life in all godliness and honor toward all men. We know nothing, wants of such members deserve. To only that the immeasurable and utter defray the expenses of such aid they shall have the right to draw on the impossibility that we should again all be here assembled in a oneness of pur¬ treasurer of the church for the amount pose : some of us may pass over, not any necessary to pay the same. They shall more to be with us. This is manifested give an annual account, or if called by the lact that since the last love feast upon by the treasurer at any time, of (some of our brethren have ceased from the same. J their labor and now rest in death, and The secretary of the trustees shall re¬ |the time of their service is ended. cord the above rules of order, in a rec¬ While we are now assembled together ord kept for that purpose. The names nt a. general conference to weigh, ponder of the members shall he entered there¬ land consider the rules of order and cir- in also. Icumstauces of our church, we find that A general conference shall be held an¬ I the old regulations and rules, through nually in Ephrata on a suitable day, of Iheodlessness and nes’lect. came into dis¬ which due notice shall be given to the original copy is u^possesslol^n Mjfrmbers of 1 he church, clerk of the Seventh Day Bapt ist com¬ j The above rules and regulations shall munity of Salemville, Bedford county. be permanently established till the next The translated copy of the original I general conference. Should it then be manuscript was brought to this place deemed necessary they may be amend- several weeks ago by Mrs. Mary Resser. I ed. of this borough, ou her return home These rules and regulations shall be from an extended visit to Bedford signed by Henry Boyer and Andrew county friends, by whom if was brought Fahnestock as the present elders and to this oflice with the request that it "be teachers of the church and attested by published. In the list of names as pub¬ the secretary of this conference. lished above many of our readers wTTT \ Henry Boyer, recognize among the members of the Si” lied I Andrew Fahnestock. Ephrata Seventh Day community of Attest : seventy-five years ago, the names of Jacob Konigmacher. families at present residing in this and The following is a list of the mem¬ other communities throughout the bers in full fellowship with the Seventh Slate, notably in Franklin and Bedford Day Baptist church at Ephrata. on the counties.—ed.] date given above : Jacob Kimmel, Abram Konigmacher, Andrew Fahnestock, Henry Boyer, Sam¬ uel Fahnestock, Jacob Konigmacher, Jacob Fahnestock', Thomas Davis, Jacob ((urges, Samuel Zerfass, Daniel Fahne¬ From, stock, John Belticotfer, Peter Rosenber- gvr, Peter Fahnestock. John, Monns Sr., Abram Fa by. John Snowberger, An- <■ . d rew Snowberger, Henry Brendle. Jacob Droll, Frederick Beider. John Miley, Jacob Meily. Jacob Angus, Joseph Gor- Date, . . ■ as, Bcni Dorgas, William Fahnestock, Obed Fahnestock, of A., Samuel Bow- man, Emanuel Bollinger, Dietrich Fah- nestock, Henry Fahnestock, Solomon (iorgus, Charles llaug, Obed Fahne¬ stock, < (purge Fahnestock.Samuel Snow¬ WH 4T COLUMBIA. DID 1 berger, Henry Hostetler, Abram Burger, David Snowberger, John Bowman. Jos¬ -4 1H TBS DAYS OF’61. eph Mcintzer, Jacob Fahnestock, Bores / * Fahnestock, Samuel Fahnestock, of Ja., Henry Miller. Jr., Henry Bowman, avolunteer compary was! | Tier Reichenbaugh, forty-eight brethren: Catharine Simony, Ra¬ RECRUITED, chel Hatley, Esther Brandi. Hannah Dcshong, Catharine Bowman, Vert mica Smith, Susan (iorgus, Elizabeth Betti- TO ITS POLL COSFLtMKT IS TWO colfer, Maria (dime, .lustina Sensaman, Sarah Fahnestock, Elizabeth Fahne¬ ftHD A HALF DATS. stock, widow of Bores Fahnestock, Konig- Maria Fahnestock, Margaret, OB'S1 FOR THE WAR WITH CHEERS maclier, Abigail Rosenberger, Sarah Bowman, Barbara Fahnestock, Barbara A»U ARTRLBBV. Keiper, widow Milliner. Maria lie they, Est.ln Esther Smith, Christina llaug, Town MestAng na Odd Fellow# H*11 i Beider, Sophia, (label, Christina Fahne Patriotic gp»cchs», Enrellnenl, Pl*dg«» stock, Maria Bowman. Maria Spreigle, widow Kimmel, Elizabeth Kimmel, Re¬ cf Prottcilon, and Prayer* the S«m« becca Konigmacher. Catharine (iorgus, Evening—How th« C«mp*»y '*** Ut" Sarah FaJmestock, Elizabeth Tucker, ctnltcd-Pr?B n»«d With » Flog-Ths Susan Fahnestock, Catharine Razor, Ejr.t company From Lancaster County. Hannah Eandes, Susan Goshert, Esther Landes, Catharine llaug, Veronica On Tuesday evening,. April 16tb 1861, Snowberger, Veronica Snowberger, Su¬ a town meeting was held in Odd Fellows sanna Burger, widow Jacoby, Regina hall, now occupied as General Welsh Bowman, Barbara Snowberger, Eliza¬ Post room, to raise a company of volun beth Snowberger, Susanna Fyock.widow' teers for the defense of the Union. Chief Eby. Catharine Eby, SusannaGusweiler, Burgess Fraley called the meeting to Elizabeth Fahnestock, fifty-two sisters, order The late Colonel James Myers' a total of one hundred names. presided, and E. K Smith and Dr & •"[The above is a translation of the Atlee Bockius acted as secretaries. original copy of the proceedings of the Pnlonels J W. Fisher, C. S. Kauttman, conference referred to, which was first Samuel Sboch and Dr. DI. Brunerdrew written in the German language. The k up the resolutions. Each of these gentle¬ -lunu was awaee t men, together with Rev. Alfred Cook- Drums were beaten through the stret, man and H. M. North, esq , made patri¬ Flags every where Streets crowded to otic speeches. man1 "tm08t cecity. A body of work- wffh tbe^ P' R R- ehops Padded with flags and a small cannon, firing salutes at every corner. At 10 30 the volunteers assembled, the line was’for- Cnlo’nof k-atffS{iC0Ed and LocQ8t streets, Coione! Kauffman presented a handsome silk flag, provided by Colonel Shoch. It was received by Colonel Fisher on be- r f,of company, and placed in the hands of Frederick C. Kline, color ser- in accepting the flag said it should come home with honor, hLnf WT'h ltS defenders on ths field of battle. Toe volunteers then moved to the cars, with martial music, the spunky httle cannon shivering the windows of Odd FeLows hah in honor of their de¬ parture. Mrs. McTague provided a collation for the soldiers. The Mail tram arrived at 11.27; the boys were soon aboard, the last good byes were ; said, and the train moved off with fare-

artfllery26618 and a ealut8 from the A committee consisting of Colonel Thomas Welsh, afterwards a brigadier James Myers, Colonel C. 8 Kauffman general, immediately began an enroll- and Dr. Benjamin Robrer, together with ment of volunteers. Jeremiah Sheets a large volunteer escort, accompanied was the first man enrolled. Colonel ^rieburg The volunteers Shoch agreed to present a flag. Thirty- bore themselves nobly. There was not a six names were at once enrolled, and the flicker m the ranks. They were soon en- meeting closed with an impassioned camped m the fair grounds at Harrisburg prayer by Rev. Mr. Cookman. where they received their uniforms and arms. I he next evening, an adjourned meet¬ ing was held in the old Town Hall. Columbia was proud, of its patriotism Coione1 Dan Herr presided and Dr. |in those days. Iu two days and a half Dockius acted as secretary. she organized and officered a volunteer Colonel Kauffman reported that he .company, and sent to Harrisburg the first had tendered the services of the com¬ (company from Lancaster county. 'The pany to Governor Curtin, that it had Lancaster FencibMs arrived several hours been accepted, and that it would be noti- ater and the Jackson Rifles of Lancas¬ hed to march as soon as the ranks were ter city passed through Columbia in the nlJed. evening tram Columbia’s company be- A committee of thirteen was appointed to care for the families of the volunteers. vXJe™ he Se““d Otp. these i thirteen,Xr’ Messrso uoonJohn u,Q flrSio6 f°}'egoin8 is condensed from an Denney, John B. Bachman, Hiram Wil- article which was printed in the Spy of son, Henry s. Hershey and Dr. Bockius -fumhf/h’ ^Pnl 2°tb’ ?861 lQ 1861 (*>- are still living. The sum of $923 was n« b b,fd B0 organized military com- raised, and the county commissioners ap- I Pl-yLaDd the men left in citizens'’ dre«s propriated $20,000 for similar purposes. ^which was exchanged at Camp Curtin' At this adjourned meeting, the enroll¬ ro^ae-fforms ] ’

ment was increased to sixty-eight. - ’X J' • j / r Jr s t , r )-r - , /.. .. From Tuesday evening until Friday noon, the town was astir with the beat log of drums and the cheers of the volun teers. On Thursday the roll of the com pany had been increased to seventy . From, e < F & /. a eight, which was more than the full com • s plement. Thomas Welsh was unaDi mously elected captain, Ezekiel Y oCx* < < <: » KamDO u;st lieutenant, and Edward A . Kelsey second lieutenant. Company was notified to report in Harrisburg on Fri¬ ' Date. 'T- day morning. THE COMPANY LEAVES. On Friday morning, April 19th, thirty- seven. yearg_ago, the company left for INTERESTING RELICSLICS FOUNdN, of brick brought from Englanc. stood near the building in which was Discoveries Made in the Debris of the Old imprisoned Major Andre, tbe Bristb Fountain Inn. officer who was associated with Banedrft The workmen engaged in removing Arnold in his traitorous-- attempt vvvr-UfSU onuu wiist’ the old Fountain Inn, on Souih Queen Polut. .Duringrv_.. the Revolutionary— street, have found a number of inter¬ the inn was a favorite headquarters of thl esting relics—reminders of Colonial patriots, and here Washington stopped times in the eighteenth c.entury. The stopped over night during a visit to Lan¬ most valuable that has yet been un¬ caster. The old building is to be replaced earthed is an iron grate for an open by a four-story hotel, to be called the fire-place, about 36 by 20 inches in di¬ Lincoln hotel. ameter, with an opening in the centre on which a door was suspended. Above the opening the name of George Ross is cast, and beneath is the date 1765. The grate is decorated with a fancy design. It was embedded in the north wall, behind the place occupied by the bar. Some local historians state that the signer of the Declaration of Inde¬ pendence at one time occupied and perhaps owned the bunding, and it is conjectured that he had the grate made to his own order. A small crown button, dated 1762, was also picked up by Mr. Joseph Breneman, the contrac¬ THE GEORGE ROSS RELIC. J tor, and Mr. Benjamin F. Landis found —- .1 a copper coin, dated 1781. On one side Interesting Facts Brought Out by the Dis¬ is stamped a bust of King George, covery at the Old Fountain Inn. about which are the words “Georgius ■rtf'the Editor of The New Era. III. Rex.” On the reverse side is a In your issue of yesterday a local harp, surmounted by a crown, with the item stated that in the tearing down word, “Hibernia,” stamped on the of the Fountain Inn, on South Queen edge. The butt of an ancient army street, an iron grate for an open fire-i musket, several ancient-looking knives place had been found upon which was and a few articles, the use of which is cast “George Ross, 1765,” and the unknown in these modern days, have statement that some local historians also been brought to light in the were of the opinion, that George Ross, debris and a constant'lookout is ob¬ the signer of the Declaration of Inde¬ served for more relics. The Ross pendence, at one time owned and oc¬ relic will probably lead the Historical cupied the building, and most likely Society into a new field,of search,con¬ had the grate cast to order, with his cerning the life of ‘the distinguished name and the date upon it. man in this city. George Ross never owned or occu¬ pied the Fountain Inn, neither did he _ have the grate cast with his name upon it. He did, however, own and operate a furnace now in Adams coun¬ From . ty, then (1765) in York county. He • was the senior member of the firm of George Ross & Co., who owned and

c + .. operated the Mary Ann Furnace. When the Continental Congress was in ses sion at York, George Ross & Co. were Date, 1 JrfA given several contracts to make can¬ non balls at the furnace for the Anferi- can army and navy. The records show that they received

An Historic Inn UemoJJshed. j / pay for munitions of war in various sums, ranging from £1,000 to £4,000. Tbe work ot demolishing the Fourt^xaia George Ross died in 1779, and in 1780, luo, on South Q teen street, one/of tbe when an inventory of his estate was most famous buildings in Lancaster, was made, the company owning Mary Ann completed this week. It was built in 175S, Furnace was assessed with 5,000 acres of woodland, 16 horses, 8 cows and 1 slave. I ed the exefcises. A class of six was The old grate in question is one ! graduated, and the school did itself which was undoubtedly made at the proud in the showing made by the Mary Ann Furnace, and is an interest¬ pupils who received the much-coveted ing relic of the signer’s early career, diplomas. The hall presented an at¬ before the era arrived which nfade him tractive and inviting appearance in its famous. It should be presented to the tasty decorations. The stage was Lancaster County Historical Society. adorned with flowers and potted plants Another interesting fact not gener¬ and there was a profusion of flags, ally known by writers of the Ross i both the United States and Cuban, family history is that George Ross, the which added to the patriotism of the signer, was a member and also Presi¬ occasion, highly emphasized by the dent of the “United Companies of Illi¬ colors of the class—the glorious red, nois and Wabash,” which company white and blue. purchased from the Indians the two The programme was opened with an [tracts of land which now comprise the invocation, offered by Rev. John B. State of Illinois. In the British Mu¬ Rendall, Jr., pastor of the Christiana seum there is a letter which proves Presbyterian Church. this conclusively. It was addressed to The Christiana and Atglen orchestra John Campbell, at Fort Pitt, by George then played the stirring march, “Gal¬ Ross, and dated Philadelphia, March lop Off to Cuba.” Their music was a 26, 1779. The letter gives instructions feature of the exercises, and they were to Campbell in reference to the pur- heartily applauded at the conclusion j chase, and is signed “George Ross, i of each of their selections. The mem¬ Chairman of the United Companies of bers of the orchestra are Dr. O. H.Pax- Illinois and Wabash.” The letter is son, leader; Charles Slokom, clarionet- endorsed as having been received by j ist; John Hastings, first violin; T. S. Campbell on November 24, 1779. Chalfant, second violin; L. R. Lewis, The tracts were purchased on July j cornetist; W. D. Swisher, bass violin;, 5, 1773, and were “on the east side of Rev. R. J. Holmes, pianist. Kaskaskia,” and embraced Southern Landmarks of the County. Illinois, and were known as “Egypt.” I *■ “Landmarks of Lancaster County” The second tract extended to the “Chi- / I was the topic of a highly interesting cagow, or Garlic creek.” Included in i and entertaining talk by M^ftcin the list of twenty-two purchasers is Bushong. All men, the speaker/began, the name of Alexander Ross, a kins-, are surveyors. To-day we plant a man of George Ross. « stake, to-morrow tear it up. The next The matters above stated can be , day finds us looking for a choice spot verified from the “Acts of the Conti¬ nental Congress at York,” John T. ! upon which to plant another, more Reily’s “History of Adams County,” | substantial and more imposing. All and Dr. Egle’s “Notes and Queries.” men plant stakes; few menhplant land¬ Yours truly, marks. The former sink and are forgot¬ , s. m. sene: ten—the latter loom up gloriously for Lancaster. Anril 30, 1898. a period and finally go down upon tin- pages of history. Lancaster county has planted her landmarks. Look about you, if you will; all seems plain and uneventful, but the land on which you stand is historic ground. But two’ miles northeast of Christiana Penn gave to the Friends a tract of land upon which to build a meeting house. The deed is still in existence,and Sads- bury stands as a monument to the principles and generosity of Penu. The year 1682 marks the beginning of a new theory and treatment toward the Red Man, and in the absence of any '“-fr--w M The second annual Commencement mention of battle in the Cornet of the Christiana High School was held minutes,it is presumed none took place on Wednesday evening, and Pownall’s: after 1682. Our landmarks of science pavilion wa,s crowded to the doors with and invention have been builded high an enthusiasticjiudience that witness- What other county in the State oai j boast of a Robert Fulton? The story o i is life is known to all; how, when be- subscribed “for Lands to be Layd out ing thrown upon his own resources at upon ye river Susquehanna.” the age of seventeen, he established Doubtless there are many more such himself in Philadelphia as a miniature documents of local interest still in ex¬ painter. After studying under Benja¬ istence, which have been lost sight of min West, he went to England, became interested in Watts’ steam engine, and In the lapse of years,either by accident as a result we had the Clermont. His or carelessness of the custodian.papers death was regarded at the time as a of the greatest historical interest, 4 great public calamity, and for the little which are now stowed away in some boy born of lowly parents in “Little out-of-the-way corners and forgotten. Britain’’ both Houses of the State Leg¬ Even printed matter is occasionally islature went in mourning for several weeks. In statesmanship, James Buch¬ lost sight of by virtue of the extreme anan, fifteenth President of the United scarcity of the original. Then, again, States, builded an historic spot in his there are cases where such documents home, “Wheatland,” west of Lancas¬ have been reprinted, either in very ter. The grave of General John Fulton small editions or in some serial, which Reynolds is another landmark. The is either poorly indexed or not at all, present crisis turns thoughts to the Civil War. In 1851 the cry of freedom and they thereby escape the notice of for liberty from the chains of oppres- the average reader, and in some cases sion was raised, and Lancaster county even the trained eye of the historian. bears upon her soil the first bloodshed It is my purpose to bring to your of this great resistance, caused by the notice several examples of this kind, Christian riot. The remainder of the 6ne of which will bear upon the state¬ oration was devoted to a eulogy of , Thaddeus Stevens, whose grave is one ment that William Penn’s original \ of the county’s greatest landmarks. plan was to place his Capital city on the banks of the Susquehanna, and not on the Delaware. The evidence presented will prove absolutely that the founding of a large city on the Susquehanna was a fond hope to which Penn clung tenaciously for a number Of years after the settlement of the Province. The paper read before you Sn September last, which I shall here¬ after designate as the “Parmyter” paper, will prove an important link in my chain of evidence. My attention was first called to the fact that the Susquehanna was seri¬ 'LOCAL HISTORY. ously considered by William Penn as the site for his chief city when com¬ piling my sketch of Benjamin Furly, IHE 01 WILLI&M PEHN’S PET SCHEMES. who was the first promoter of German emigration to America. Not having any immediate or particular interest in ! )po 6uiia a Great C5ty on the Susquehanna the subject at that time I took but lit¬ That Should Rival the Metropolis He tle note of the facts or authority. The Founded on the Delaware—Mia« reading of the Parmyter document, however, recalled the matter to my carriage oS the Plan.* / mind, and, in compliance with a re¬ quest of your President, I now bring r The paper about to be presented to such of the facts before you as I can jffeur notice is supplementary to one coveniently reach at this time. The most interesting paper, the one which )read before the Society on September gave me the first positive information J, 18&7, by Mr. Frank RiedDiffend.erffer, regarding Penn’s intentions as to his Abased upon a lately discovered docu¬ Capital city, I have been unable to ment, granting “Certain Concessions ” locate for my present purpose. I think tjy William Penn to persons who had ) that it is among the mass of unindexed i

His Majesty doth therefore ’hereby jPenn papers at the Pennsylvania His¬ Publish and Declare His Royal Will torical Society. The absence of this and Pleasure, That all Persons Settled i document, however, will prove of hut lor Inhabiting within the Limits of the little moment, in view of the official said Province, do yield all Due Obedi¬ evidence, which will be presented. ence to the said William Penn, His The first printed document relating Heirs ahd Assigns,as absolute Proprie¬ to the Province as a colony of Penn is taries and Governours thereof, as also the proclamation of Charles II., issued to the Deputy or Deputies, Agents or April 2, 1681. It was addressed, “To Lieutenants, Lawfully Commissionated the Inhabitants and Planters of the Province of Pennsylvania.” This by him or them, according to the Pow¬ ers and Authorities Granted by the proclamation, a broadside, is exceed¬ said Letters Patents; Wherewith His ingly scarce. I have seen or heard of Majesty Expects and Requires a ready hut one copy, of which I here show you Complyance frcm all Persons whom it a fac-simile, and which I have the honor to present to the Lancaster may concern, as they tender His Majes¬ ties Displeasure. County Plistorical Society. This interesting document sets forth Given at the Court at Whitehall the Second day of April 1681. In the that: Three and thirtieth year of uur CHARLES R. Reign. Whereas, His Majesty, in considera¬ tion of the great Merit and Faithful By His Majesties Command, To the Inhabitants Services of Sir William Penn, deceas¬ ed, and for divers other good Causes and Planters of CONWAY, Him thereunto moving, hath been Gra¬ the Province of ciously pleased by Letters Patents , Pennsilvania. hearing Date the Fourth day of March last past, to Give and Grant un¬ LONDON, to William Penn Esquire, Son and Printed by the Assigns of John Bill, jileir of the said Sir William Penn, all Thomas Newcomb, and Henry that Tract of Land in America, called Hills, Printers to the by the Name of Pennsilvania, as the I'' Kings most Excellent same is Bounded on the East by Dela¬ Majesty. 1681. ware River, from Twelve Miles dis¬ After the grant to William Penn was tance Northwards of Newcastle Town, consummated he not only sought ear¬ ■unto the Three and fourtieth Degree nestly and widely for assistance in Of Northern Latitude, if the said River drafting the fundamental laws of his doth extend so far Northwards, and if Province, as shown by the Furly cor¬ the said River shall not extend so far respondence among the Penn papers, Northward, then by the said River so but .he also took advice as to the best tar as it doth extend: And from the means of developing its commercial Head of the said River, the Eastern and natural resources. For this pur¬ Bounds to be determined by a Meridian pose he published two tracts, both of Line to be Drawn from the Head of the which are of the greatest rarity. The said River, unto the said Three and first was entitled: j fourtieth Degree, the said Province to “Certain Conditions or Concessions extend Westward Five Degrees in Agreed upon by Ylilliam Penn, Pro¬ Longitude, to be Computed from the prietary and Goverift- of the Province said Eastern Bounds, and to be Bound¬ of Pennsylvania, a*t those who are ed on the North, by the Beginning of the Adventurers and^irchasers in the the Three and fourtieth Degree of same Province, dated^he Eleventh of Northern Latitude, and on the South July, One Thousand Six Hundred and hy a Circle Drawn at Twelve Miles dis¬ Eighty-one.” No pamphlet copy of tance from Newcastle Northwards, and this tract is known. Westwards unto the Beginning of the The other one was: “Some account Fourtieth Degree of Northern Latitude, of the Province of Pennsilvania in and then by a straight Line Westwards America; Lately Granted under the to the limit of Longitude above men¬ Great Seal of England to William tioned, together with all Powers, Pre- Penn, etc., London; Printed*and sold heminencies and Jurisdictions neces¬ by Benjamin Clark, Bookseller, in sary for the Government of the said George Yard, Lombard Street, 1681.” Province, as by the said Letters Pat¬ This tract was made up from the ents, Reference being thereunto had, best information he then had or could doth more at large appear. obtain. The next important step taken - te‘" ,/ Penn was IcTqrgamze the company “Article XXI. That the society may known as “The Free Society of Trad¬ set up two or more General Factories ers in Pennsylvania,” for the better in Pennsilvania, one upon the Chesa¬ improvement and government of trade peake Bay, and the other upon Dela¬ in that province. ware River, or where else the Commit¬ Among the plans proposed by Wil¬ tee shall see necessary for the more liam Penn was one to lay out a “great” speedy conveyance of goods in the city upon either the Susquehanna or country and Mary-Land; but that the the Delaware, wherever the commis¬ Government cf the whole be in the sioners appointed by him could find a Capital City of Pennsilvania.” suitable location. There can be but It will be noticed that there is no little doubt that both Penn and his mention of the chief city being located associates of the Free Society of Trad¬ on the Delaware. ers seriously considered the former For the purpose of developing his site as the most advantageous. This grant William Penn, in 1681, sent out will be apparent when we take into a commission consisting of William consideration the situation on the Crispin, John Bezar, Nathaniel Allen South or Delaware river. The shores and William Haigue, who were to act of this stream had been settled for al¬ together with Governor William Mark¬ most half a century, and the Indian ham in all matters relating to the set¬ with his peltries had gradually been tlement of the Province. Their origi¬ forced inland. We find that for a de¬ nal instructions are now in the His¬ cade or more before the Grant to Penn, torical Society of Pennsylvania. Wil¬ both Swedish and English traders were liam Crispin, the first named of these already obliged to go westward if they commissioners, was to be surveyor- wished to effect any satisfactory bar¬ general, but he unfortunately died be¬ ter. fore reaching the Province. Then there were already two towns, In the next year, 1682, Penn appoint¬ settlements on the west bank of the ed in his place Captain Thomas Holme, j Delaware, one of which, New Castle, both as commissioner and surveyor- had become the trade centre of the Del¬ general. Among Penn’s instructions aware valley, and was the official port > to Holme was one to select a suitable of entry. site for a great capital city, to contain . The capes of Virginia were also bet¬ not less than ten thousand acres. The ter known to mariners than the capes first duty was to choose a spot where of the Delaware, which were avoided navigation was best, and large ships on account of the shoals. It will be might lie close to the bank, the land recollected that we have accounts,even being at the same time dry, Sigh and so late as the first decade of the eight¬ healthy, and to lay out there ten thou¬ eenth century, where vessels for Phil¬ sand acres for the site of a great city. adelphia would sail up the Chesapeake This proved to be a very difficult task; to Bohemia Landing, and there dis¬ no place answering the requirements charge both cargo and passengers, to could be found which would bear a city be taken overland to New Castle, and of such size. thence by sloop to their destination. The clause in Penn’s instructions to It is but little wonder, considering his commissioners, which refers to the the great distance between the pro¬ location of a site for this great city, moters cf the new colony and their reads : possessions, and the lack of any knowl¬ “That having taken Wt care you can edge but what was based upon imper¬ for the Peoples good in the respects fect information, that both Penn and aboves’d let the Rivers and Creeks be the Free Society of Traders were forced sounded on my side of the Delaware I to leave some of the vital details of the River, especially Upland in order to j settlement of the Province to the dis¬ settle a great Towne and to be sure to cretion of some subaltern whom they make your choice where it is most sent out for the purpose. There is a Navigable, high, dry and healthy. That strong basis for the assumption that in is where Ships may best ride of deep¬ the early days of the movement, some, est draugt of water if possible to Load, if not all, of the principals favored the or unload at Ye Bank, or Keyside with¬ Susquehanna as the best site for the out boating or litering of it. It would commericial and political capital of do well if the River coming into Yt Pennsylvania. Creek be Navigable, at' least for Boats If we refer to the Articles of Agree- ment of the Free Society of Traders, j adopted May.29, 1682, we find: I bearings it had upon Penn’s future , up into Ye Country, and Yt the Situa- I plans. 1 tion be high, at least dry and sound, William Penn, during his first visit and not swampy, Wch is best knowne to America, took every means to in¬ by digging up two or three Earths, and form himself, from pe.honal inspection, seeing Ye bottom.” j about the topography, resources and As another matter of curious inter¬ I possibilities of his Province; and when est, I will state that the question has { he returned to England he was more been frequently broached, since the than ever impressed with the import¬ finding of Penn’s Instructions to his ance of raising a large city, if not the Commissioners, what were his ideas great capital, on the banks of the Sus- or purpose for projecting a city so ^ quehanna. So convinced was he of I large as to cover 10,000 acres? The this necessity that, as soon as Holme’s I answer to this query was given by map of the Province was ready for ! Dean Prideaux, when he stated that distribution, he issued printed pro¬ the plan followed by Penn in laying posals for a settlement of sucn a city ; out his projected city was based on upon the banks of the Susquehanna; that of ancient Babylon. Note—The and, as is shown by the Parmyter docu¬ Old and New Testament Connected, ed. ment, it was to be located where the 1729, vol. I., p. 135.) Conestoga flows into it. I Notwithstanding the difficulties of How closely Penn adhered to this the task the Commissioners started to project is further shown by the fact i explore the country, while Holme that, during his second visit to Ameri¬ made a survey of the west bank of the ca, he again made a personal survey Delaware. Holme proposed, as the of the site, and the possibilities of wa¬ most favorable spot, the west bank of ter communication with Philadelphia. : the Delaware River between Penne- The document I am about to quote pack and the Poquessing, and there further gives a proof of Penn s great started to lay out the great city. As foresight and enlarged views, when it his base line he ran a broad highway tells us that he suggested at that early due east and west. This he called Sus¬ period (prior to 1690) the practicabili¬ quehanna street, which was to be con- ty of forming a water communication i tinued to that river, thus connecting between the Susquehanna and Schuyl¬ the Susquehanna and the Delaware. kill rivers by means oE some of their This tract Holme afterwards located as branches, which communication, how¬ ; part of his own land, £j|id called it the ever (as stated by Hazard) was not ' township of Dublin. effected until about 138 years after¬ Markham and the other commission¬ wards. Just why these plans of Wil¬ ers favored the location now known as liam Penn failed to materialize, or Pennsbury. why they were relinquished, are ques¬ It was not until William Penn ar¬ tions which are still open to the his- j rived in the following October that he learned that his Commissioners had se¬ torians of the day. The interesting document I will now : lected the Delaware as the most suita¬ | present to your notice is a broadside, , ble site for the great city. When he entitled : came up the river from Upland and “Some proposals for a Second settle- landed at the Blue Anchor Tavern, he . rnent in the Province of Pennsylvania. was so well pleased with the high bold Trinted a.nd sold bj^ Andrew Sowle, at , | shore, covered with lofty pines, which the Crooked Billet in Halloway Lane, then extended along the Delaware, that Shore Ditch, 1690.” he changed his ideas as embodied in The only known copy of this broad¬ his instructions, reduced the size from side was, in 1848, in the collection of ten thousand to twelve hundred and the late Peter Force, of Washington, eighty acres, or two square miles, and D. C. It bore the marks of age and gave his consent to locate a town there dilapidation, but was otherwise in a which we now know as Philadelphia. perfect condition. It was copied and Still, William Penn continued his in¬ reprinted in the fall of the latter year | terest in the Susquehanna, so after in the North American and United Holme had finished laying out the city, States Gazette of October 25. It is also Penn ordered him to turn his atten¬ quoted in Part I of my work on “Penn¬ tion to the country and make a map sylvania; The German Influence on of the Province. This was done, and its Settlement and' Development.” the map was published between the Some proposals for a second settle- , end of the year 1686 and the beginning meat in the Province of Pennsylvania. I of the year 1689. It was evidently some time in 1687-8, and it will be seen what chasers till live years- after a settle¬ hereas, I did about nine years past, ment be made upon their Lands, and /pound the selling of several parts that only according to the quantity of c shares of land, upon that side of the Acres so taken up and seated, and not | Province of Pennsylvania, next Dela¬ otherwise; and only then to pay I ware river,and setting out a place upon one shilling for every hundred acres it for the building of a city, by the for ever. And further I do- promise name of Philadelphia; and that divers to agree with every Purchaser that persons closed with these proposals, shall be willing to treat with me be¬ who, by their ingenuity, industry and tween this and next spring, upon all charge, have advanced that city from such reasonable conditions as shall be a wood to a good forwardness of build¬ thought necessary for their accommo¬ ing (there being above one thousand dation, intending, if God please, to re¬ houses finished in it). and that the sev¬ turn with what speed I can, and my eral plantations and towns begun upon family with me, in order to our future the land, bought by those first under¬ residence: takers, are also in a prosperous way of To conclude, that which particularly improvement and enlargement (inso¬ recomends this settlement is the, much as last year ten sail of ships known goodness of the soyll and the were fraightet there with the growth scituation of the Land, which is higW of the Province for Barbados, Ja¬ and not mountainous; also the Pie, i maica, &c. besides what came directly antness.and the Largeness of the Ri from this kingdom). It is now my being clear and not rapid, and broader, purpose to make another settlement, than the Thames at London Bridge^ upon the river of Susquehannagh, that many miles above the place intended1 runs into the Bay of Chesapeake, and for this settlement; and runs (as we; bears about fifty miles west from the are told by the Indians) quite through river Delaware, as appears by the Com¬ the Province, into which many faiijj mon Maps of the English Dominion in rivers empty themselves. The sorts ol; America. There I design to lay out a Timber that grow chiefly there are1 plan for the building of another city, chiefly oak, ash, chestnut, walnut, ce*j in the most convenient place for com¬ dar and poplar. The native Fruits af/ri munication with the former planta¬ pawpaws, grapqs, mulberry’s, chesj tions on the East; which, by land, is as nuts and •' several sorts o f wa!nut| good as done already, a way being laid There are likewise great quantities j out between the two rivers very exact¬ , Deer, and especially Elks, which a. ly and conveniently,at least three years much biger than o"ur R'ecTDeer, and u ago; and which will not be hard to do that river in Herds. And the Fin by water, by the benefit of the river there is c^f dljr^rs sortsf apd very largl Scoulkill; for a branch of that river and good, Md in great pmhty. lies near a Branch that runs into the ! But that which recomends both thi Susquehannagh River, and is the com¬ Settlement in particular, and the Provj mon course of the Indians with their ince in general, is a late Patent ob¬ . Skins and Furrs into our parts, and to tained by divers Eminent Lords an the Provinces of East and West Jersey, Gentlemen for that Land that lb and New York, from the West and north of Pennsylvania up to the 46f Northwest parts of the continent from Degree and a half, because their Try whence they bring them. tick and Intercourse will be chief] And I do also intend that every one through Pennsylvania, which lies bi who shall be a Purchaser in this pro¬ tween that Province and the Sea. W posed settlement shall have a propcr- have also the comfort of being the Ceij ! tionable Lot in the said City to build ter of all the English colonies upor a house or Houses upon; which Town- Continent of America, as they lie fi^\ Ground and the Shares of Land that the North East Parts of New Englan shall be bought of me, shall be deliv¬ to the most Southerly parts of Caro¬ ered clear of all Indian Pretentions; lina, being above 1,000 miles upon the for it has been my wa.y from the first • Coast. to purchase their title from them, and If any Persons please, to apply them¬ to settle with their consent. selves to me by letter in relation tc The Shares I dispose of contain each this affair, they may direct them tr Three Thousand Acres for £100, and Robert Ness Scrivener, in Lumb-j for greater or lesser quantities after street in London for Philip Ford, aY that rate: The Acre of that Province suitable answers will be returned g is according to the Statute of the 33th the first oppertunity. There are an of Edw. 1. And no acknowledgment or Instructions printed for informational Quit Rent shall be paid by the Pur¬ such as inteind to go, or send servants~ or families thither, which way they may proceed with most ease' and ad¬ vantage, both here and there, in refer¬ From, ence to Passage, Goods, Utensils,Build- mg Husbandry, Stock, Subsistence, Traffick, &c„ being the effect of their .^>&ucauUyi expence and experiance that have seen the Fruit of their Labours. .. WM. PENN. Datef 2 2 / syd Now the question arises; What would have been the effect upon the future of A the Province had William Penn’s plan j - i ULJkJUUU r x for a great city on the Susquehanna materialized, either in the first in¬ stance,or in pursuance of his “Propos¬ ( MB! HISTORY, < als for a second settlement?” This is a question I leave for the political econ¬ omist. M&IEB AS THE NAUQHAL CAPITAL How tenaciously Penn adhered to his plan for settlement on the Susquehanna S3te Attempt to Secure for This City the and the development of the interior is Bfcaor of Being the Capital of the further manifest from the Parmyter document, which informs us just where United States Does Not the tract and city were to be located Prove Successful. ft was at the confluence of the Susque-

Conestoga' The °nly vital i r The following interesting document Penn ^ is the 9W3' selected by tesnlains itself. It was found a short time ago among the papers of John ,, Tb® p!'opnsais just read to you and tHnbley, Esq., who was a prominent the Parmyter document supplement one another. The latter furnishes ad¬ member of the Lancaster Bar before ditional proof how earnestly Penn la and after the Revolutionary war, and bored during the last decade of the one of the best known citizens of Lan¬ caster. seventeenth century to materialize his Plans for a settlement on the Susque¬ The paper is valuable in that it gives hanna, even to the extent of a personal the most detailed account of Lancaster inspection of the locality during his city and the industries as they existed second visit to the Province. 110 years ago that is extant. All in all, it is a document of much historical Prom the broadside brought before you, it will be seen that it never was interest. It was read at the May meet¬ Penns intention to erect here merely ing of the Lancaster County Historical Society: another county,with a scattering farm¬ ing population, but to raise up another Lancaster, March 17, 1789. Gentlemen: great city, which was to equal, if not surpass, the one on the Delaware. The Corporation of this Borough It was not until the year 1717 that he have been instructed by the Inhabit- i ants thereof, and the Adjoining Town¬ reahfd that his Pmns for such a settlement were doomed to failure. ships, to address you. The New Con¬ His final action in the premises by rea stitution, to which we anxiously look son of his inability to interest a suffi¬ upon as the means of establishing the cient number of persons to make the Empire of America on the most sure scheme a success, has been told by the and solid basis, is ere now in Motion, former speaker. It was an order to the and one of the Objects of Congress will Surveyor General, Jacob Taylor “to be to fix on a permanent Place of Res¬ survey without delay the land'between idence, where their exclusive Jurisdic¬ the Susquehanna and Conestoga for tion can be conveniently and Safely ex¬ ercised, should the general Interests of USe and beh00f of William Penn, Proprietor and Governor” the Union point out an Inland Centeral Thus ended William Penn’s grand situation as preferable to that of a Sea¬ port for the future Residence of that ofh“ ProTini6 iat6rnal devel°Pme^ Honorable Body, we humbly presume IT—m1 ' A to offer ourselves as Candidates for that distinguished Honor. We feel 1 ourselves more emboldened_ to enter - STTUf.Bl’TU

COXKSTO^OS

' kl«DU>N TOWV

“A ten mile square, Lancaster Court being in the center, and some part beyond it, actually in 1786 and 1787 by me, William Reich a manner as engineers use to take up special maps of c by compass and watch.” The original map, of which the above is a reduced fac-siinile, is now in the collections of the 1 Society, of this county.

Jsecessary material for Building is to bef nto the Lists, as we find this Borough had in the greatest Quantity desired, •has been lately put in nomination by ■fend at the most reasonable rates, and the Honorable Congress under the for¬ We venture to Assert that there is not mer Consideration, and we suffer our¬ h part of the United States which can selves to be flattered that the reason (boast within the Compass of ten Miles Which then subsisted for such a Choice the same Number of Waggons and exists more strongly at the present mo¬ good Teams with ourselves. We are ment. As an Inland Town we do not eensible that Dealing in Generals will perceive ourselves inferior to any with¬ have no effect with dispassionate and in the Dominion of the United States; temperate Minds. We venture, there¬ lour Lands are remarkably fertile and fore, to descend into more minute Re¬ in a high state of cultivation; our capitulation, and pledge ourselves to ! country is possessed of every conveni- you for the Truth and Correctness of ency for Water Works, as will Appear the following Statement, which has iby the Draft herewith sent, and been made upon the most thorough Ex¬ eve ~• --Iy healthy—our water is good; amination and in the Carefullest Man¬ ner _in_our_ Power, without Exaggera- v Weavers, 3 Stocking Weavers,2F Black- - ' •?»/*»-- " V - . toon. Smiths and White Smiths, 6 Wheel The Borough of Lancaster is a Wrights, 21 Bricklayers and Masons, 12 "{Square incompassing a Portion of Bakers, 30 Carpenters, 11 Coopers, 6 Ground of one Mile in Length from the Plaisterers, 6 Clock and Watch Mak¬ Center (the Court House) by the main ers, 6 Tobacconists, 4 Dyers, 7 Gun¬ {streets, which intersects it at right an¬ smiths, 5 Rope Makers, 4 Tin-Men, 2 gles. We have five public buildings, Brass Founders, 3 Skin-Dressers, 1 including an elegant Court House, 58 Brush-Maker, 7 Turners, 7 Nailers, 5 feet by 48 feet. In the second Story Silver Smiths, 3 Potters and 3 Copper- thereof is a very handsome Room, 44 Smiths, besides their respective Jour¬ feet by 32 Feet in the Clear, and two ney-Men and Apprentieies. There are Convenient Adjoining rooms,each being also 3 Breweries, 3 Brick-Yards, 2 £2 Feet by 16 Feet in the Clear. There Printing-Presses arid 40 Housc-s of Pub¬ lire seven Places of Public Worship, be¬ lic entertainment within the Borough, sides a temporary Synagogue, belong¬ The materials for Building, such as ing to the respective Societies of Epis¬ Stone, Lime, Sand, Clay proper for copalians, Presbyterians, Lutherans, Brick Timber, Beards, &c., are to be Reformer Church of Heidelberg, Mora- had in the greatest Abundance at the i yians, Quakers and Catholics. Within most reasonable Rates. We would in¬ Ihe Compass of the Borough an Enum¬ stance as one Particular that the best eration of the Dwelling-Houses was Pine Boards from the Susquehannah actually taken in 1786, and the number are delivered here at 5s 6d per hundred , then built was 678,which since that peri- ! &d has considerably increased. Many Our Centrical Situation will be best Inf the Houses are large, elegant and determined by the consideration of the I commodious, and would, in our Idea, following Distances, which pursue the (iccommodate Congress and their Suite Courses of the Roads now occupied, lit this period without inconvenience. but may be shortened, and which we Boarding and lodgings are to be had at consider as accurately taken, viz.: very easy Rates. According to the best Miles. Computation we can make there are From Lancaster to Philadelphia ...66 tfithin this Borough about 4,200 Souls, to Wilmington _.50 k number of great roads pass through to Newport.47 Ihis place. We are thorough-fare to the to Head of Elk.45 1 Cardinal Points of the Compass. La- to North East.42 jWr is to be had at the rate of 2s per to Rock Run.38 lay. to Mouth of Susque¬ j The Current Prices of Provisions are: 1 hannah .42 Wheat,5s 6d; Rye, 3; Indian Com,2s6d; to Baltimore by Mc¬ Oats, Is 6d per bushel. Best hay, £3 per Call’s Ferry.60 ton. Pork and Stall Fed Beef from 25 to Trenton by Swe- to 50s per Ct.; Veal, 3d, and Mutton dis Ford.90 3t*jd per tb. All kinds of Poultrey are Cary oil’s Ferry on \ in great abundance and reasonable. Delaware .87 Shad, Rock and Salmon are plentifully to Reading .31 .supplied to Us from the Susquehannah to Easton.83 in their Seasons. The Prices of Fire- to Wright’s Ferry Wood the last Season has been for . cn Susquehannah.10 Hickory Wood,12s 6d,and Oak 8s 6d per to Harris’ do.36 Cord. Within the Distance of 9 by to Anderson’s do. . .13 30 miles from this Place wehave 6 Fur¬ to McCall’s do. ...16 naces, 7 Forges, 2 Slitting Mills, and 2 to Peach Bottom do.22 I Rolling Mills for the Manufacture of to Nolan’s Ferry on 1 Iron. Within a Compass of 10 Miles Pctowmack .93 Square, we have 18 Merchant Mills; 16 to Harper’s do... .110 Saw Mills, 1 Fulling Mill,. 4 Oil Mills, 5 We have presumed. Gentlemen, to Hemp Mills, 2 Boring and Grinding make the foregoing Statement and Ad¬ Mills for Gun Barrels and 8 Tan Yards. dress it to You. The general National There are a great Number of conveni¬ Interests of America a.t large will, we ent Scites for Water Works still unoc¬ are persuaded, be fully considered, cupied. when the important Point of the fu¬ Within the Borough are the follow¬ ture permanent Residence of Congress ing Manufacturers and Artisans, viz.: is agitated and determined on by that 14 Hatters, 36 Shoemakers, 4 Tanners, Honorable Body. We have reason to 17 Sadlers, 25 Taylors, 22 Butchers, 25 think that William Hamilton, Esquire, ✓lio io entitled to the Rents, Charges' November, A. D. 1698, leaving onelmn and unoccupied parts of this Borough, and two daughters behind her, and a would cheerfully meet every Wish of sweet and lasting monument in the j Congress, so far as his Property is con¬ memories of all that knew her.” cerned. Permit us only to add that our Shreiner’s Cemetery, in this city, Citizens are federal and strongly at¬ has many very interesting and sug- | tached to the new System of Govern¬ gestive inscriptions. W.e wiil note a ment. few, and that of Thaddeus Stevens,the We have the Honor to be with every great Commoner, will ever challenge ■ Sentiment of respect, Gentlemen, | attention. The inscription is of his your most faithful! and obedient own dictation, and reads: Humble Servts., In behalf of the “Thaddeus Stevens, born at Danville, j Corporation and Citizens. Caledonia county. Vermont. April 4,1 1792. Died at Washington, D. C., Au- j gust 11, 1868. EPITAPHS. I repose in this quiet and secluded ' Some Quaint and Interesting Inscriptions spot, not from any preference for soli- [ F6und in Our Local Graveyards, tude, but, finding other cemeteries limited as to race by charter rules, I and Also in Other Countries.* have chosen this that I may illustrate It need scarcely be said that an cpi- in my death the principles which I ad¬ | taph presupposes a monument upon vocated through my long life—Equal¬ j which it is said to be engraven. Al¬ ity of man before his Creator.” most all nations have wished that cer¬ Another inscription which deserves tain external signs should point out more than passing notice reads: the places where their dead are in- “Sacred to the memory of Mary | terred. Among the savage tribes this Jackson, died 1859, aged 50 years. has mostly been done by rude stones “Dear mother, be thou still the watchful placed near their graves, or mounds of guide earth raised over them. As scon as In honor's path of him who was thy ; nations had learned the use of letters, pride; So shall my feet, from snares of error epitaphs were inscribed upon such free, " monuments, and doubtless proceeded Tread only paths of truth toward Heaven from the presage of immortality im¬ and thee. planted in all men naturally. Three “This tomb is erected to perpetuate thousand years ago the doleful verses the memory of a devoted mother, by sung at burials were called “epitaphia” ! an only son.” because they were first sung at the ; Still another stone sets forth briefly, burial and subsequently engraven upon | “Caroline Horstman, died June 24, r the sepulchers. Without the principle j 1865; aged 74 years. She taught me to of immortality in the human soul, man pray.” iculd never harm had awakened in A visit to the Moravian. Churchyard rim the desire to live in the memory at Lititz repays itself in the large * j/of. his fellows; mere love, or the yearn- number of aged tombstones there Cing of kind towards kind, could not found, among which we cull the fol¬ pave produced it. In this same spirit lowing: l we collect epitaphs. Epitaphs are Gottfried Heinrich,geboren in Thum- : not without general interest, as is evi- hart, zu grefeurode in Thuringen,1745; ; denced by the number of collections of verscheid, 1819. i them which liave been published in Samuel Rancke, born in Earl town¬ book form. ship, 1742; died, 1815. A quaint inscription found upon a Benjamin Chitty, born in Frederick, slab in St. James’ Church, Piccadilly, Maryland, 1743; died, 1822. London, and, in fact, the oldest one Heinrich Gottfried Rauch, born in j found there, reads: Lititz, 1781; died, 1822. | “Beneath this Pillar lies the body of Johann Eichler, geboren, 1758, zu Elizabeth, wife of Colonel Benjamin Neider Oderwitz an des Lansitz; ge- Fletcher, late Captain General and storb, 1821. Governour in Chief of his Majesty’s Johannes Rudolph, geboren in Ar- Province of New York, in America,and neburg, in der Alter Mark, Branden- daughter of Doctor John Hodson, late bourg, 1763; bestorb, 1825. Bishop of Elphin, in Ireland, who, af¬ Johann Gottfried Zahm, born at ter her return from that long voyage, Bethlehem, Pa., 1753; died, 1782. n which she accompanied her bus¬ Gottfried Keller, geboren in Wel- ed, departed this life the fifth day of teras, 1721; died, 1782. HeifincK Rudy, geboren in Herzog- thum, Wurtembourg, in 1708; gestorb, 1802. Daniel Christ, geboren in Pfalz, 1744; From, gestorb, 1815. Joseph Sturgis, born in Philadelphia, 1738; died, 1817. Johann Philipps, born in Lower San- covy, 1769; died, 1817. Polycarpus Kuhn Kreiter, born in Lititz, 1811; died, 1819. Orlando Washington Eichler, born in Lititz, 1812, died in 1820. Jacob Schoenlein, geboren und euts- chief an der tage seiner; gebort, 1821. John Peterson, geboren in Tausten- russ, im Amte Kinpocking, in Jeutland, 1763; died, 1825. An Elaborate Celebration in Honor of Johann Fraezer, geboren in Joerhitz, Baron Steigel. 1769; gestorb,. 182,% Joseph Payne, born in Twickenham, England, 1708; died, 1779. GIFT FROM MR. CARNEGIE. Greenburg Pettycourt, born in Georgetown, Maryland, 1748; died, The Wealthy Ironmaster Makes a Handsome 1846. John Paul Hemming, born in Bo¬ Contribution to the Memorial Fund. hemia, 1715; died, 1789. The Presentation and Acoeptonce Johann Adolph Meyer, geboren in of the Annual Tribute, Firstenthum, Halberstadt, 1714; ver- scheid, 1781. Johann Pleiririch Gottlob Heine, ge¬ Yesterday was a gala day for Zion’s boren, in Rennebourg, an Vogtland, Lutheran church, of Manheim. It was 1755; verscheid, 1782. “Ich liege und the seventh annual celebration of the sehlauf' in friede.” presentation or feast of roses. The Johann Philip Bachman, geboren, in celebration this year was more elabor¬ Kreuzburg.Thuringen, 1741; verscheid, ate than heretofore and its excellence 1813. was highly appreciated by the Steigel William Lanius, born in York, Pa., heirs. The feast is the paying rental of 1748; died, 1814. (York county was at one red rose for the plot of ground upon that time part of Lancaster county.) which the church is erected and which Samuel Steinecke, geboren in Ober- was owned by Baron William Henry ode, Preuzen, 1743; verscheid, 1819. Steigel. Anna Rosina Tannenbergin, geboren Kernin, 1715; am Schoflatz; entscheif, This annual festival which for some 1792. years past has made Zion’s church fa¬ Anna Christina Fraunken geboren mous, was instituted by Dr. J. H. Seil- Bezolchins, 1710; gestorb, 1781. ing, a local historian of some note. The Anna Berkardin, geboren, Callin, celebration is in accordance with the 1769; gestorb, 1799. stipulations of the deed in conveying Clous Colin, geboren,in Herzogthum, the property to the congregation by Bohemia, 1724; died, 1808. Baron William Henry Steigel, the said Nils Tillofsen, born in Bohemia in payment being made to the heirs of the 1753. Steigel family. The deed conveying the i land to the church is dated December Johann Hamm, geboren in ElscLeim, 4, 1772, and but twice during the life bei Mannz, 1798. j of Baron Steigel was the red rose paid The earliest!interment at Lititz is ! to him. The stipulations in the deed that of “John Baumgaertner, aged lapsed until 1891, when this annual feast three years, died November 8, 1758,” was revived by Dr. J. PI. Seiling, who at which interment Matthew Hehl, the happened to come in contact with the Moravian Bishop, consecrated the deed. graveyard, the assembled congregation Baron Steigel in his time was a large .kneeling on the ground. __ land owner in the neighborhood of Man¬ heim and one of the earliest ironmas¬ * Paper read before the Lancaster County ters and maufacturers of famous glass. Histoi n-'il society on Slay 0, 181)8, by airs. Lyd.a D. ZelL jware. He lived in a spacious mansion,

: . 1 . iiioh being remodeled from time to time After the? programme had been com¬ still stands at Manheim. He owned and pleted, the audience passed in single operated the Elizabeth furnace at Brick, file through the chancel, each one drop, erville, where he also had a mansion ping a red rose at the base of a floral erected. It is said that at this place monument erected to the memory of Baron Steigel once entertained General Paron Steigel. The chancel was beauti. George Washington. The revolutionary fully decorated in honor of the occa¬ war and Baron Steigel’s generosity sion, an obelisk six feet high being brought on financial embarrassments erected which was made of red roses and and he failed. He was thrown into vines. On the base was the letter S in prison as a debtor and after he secured white roses, which was in honor of J his release he went among his people Baron Steigel. teaching them and preaching to them There was a large number of people for a living. In the heighth of his present. Among those outside of Man¬ jareer he had over 200 people employed. heim were Prof. M. D. Learned, Phila¬ The programme yesterday in com¬ delphia; John C. Steigel and daughter, memoration of Steigel was an elaborate Bessie,of Harrisonburg', Va.; Mrs. Eliza¬ one and it began at 9 o’clock in the beth M. Luther,Pottsville; George Stein- norning with a Sunday school congress. roan, president of the Lancaster County At 10 o’clock Rev. S. Gring Hefelbower Historical Society; Rev. Dr. J. H. Dubbs, preached the memorial sermon. At 1 first vice president; F. R. Diffenderffer, o’clock the feast of roses proper was secretary; S. M. Sener, librarian; B. C. celebrated and the services opened with Atlee, treasurer; D. A. Heitshu, Hon. J. an organ voluntary by Airs. W. D. B. Livingston and wife; J. Hay Brown, Keeney. The choir then rendered a esq., and wife, John D. Skiles and wife, beautiful anthem entitled “Queen of James Stewart, John C. Hager, Paul G. Flowers,’’ composed for the occasion by O’Dougherty, Joseph Breneman, J. C. Prof. Urban H. Hershey, of New York, Carter, W. D. Weaver, D. F. Magee, all Rev. S. C. Enck followed with prayer, of Lancaster; L. L. Grumbine, Dr. J. H. after which the audience sang "All Hail Redsecker, Col. Frank Seltzer, Lebanon the Power of Jesus’ Name.” Mrs. C. K. Historical Society; H. C. Brunner and Binkley recited a beautiful poem en¬ W. E. Stauffer, Columbia. There were titled “Baron Steigel's Home Coming,” a number of letters of regret read from which was written expressly for this prominent people in this and other occasion by Prof. C. K. Binkley. Dr. J. States. H. Dubbs, of the Lancaster County His. In the evening a Children’s Day ex¬ torical Society, made an address in ercise was held, which was largely at¬ which he dwelt largely and mainly upon tended and an excellent programme was the noble traits of character exhibited rendered. by Baron Steigel. A memorial collection A peculiar feature about Baron was then lifted, after which Dr. Selling Steigel is the fact that no one knows read a letter from Andrew Carnegie ex. the exact place of bis nativity nor where pressing his regret at not being able he is buried. Some people say he is to be present. The letter, however, was buried in Berks county, but this has accompanied by a check for $100 donated never yet been discovered. He is said by Mr. Carnegie to the riiemorial fund to have founded and named Manheim as a tribute to an early iron master. after his home in Germany, but it is a Prof. M. D. Learned, of the University fact that Manheim township was of Pennsylvania, then delivered the ad¬ founded a number of years before Baron dress for the occasion, in which he Steigel came to this country. The red spoke upon the early feast of roses as rose which he demanded in payment celebrated by the old German cult. He for the church property is the emblem also dwelt upon ancestral worship and of the House of Lancaster, after which the many traits of character as exhibited this county was named. v by Steigel as teacher and preacher among the people whose master he had 1 previously been. The address was a very interesting one. The hymn, “Come Thou, Almighty King,” was sung by the audience. Dr. Seiling followed by pre¬ senting a red rose to Mr. John Calvin Steigel and Miss Bessie Steigel, of Har¬ risonburg, Va., and Mrs. Elizabeth M. From, *(JJ<*.

A Paper Read by Miss Ida R. Fabian, of Remember me as you pass by; As you are now so once was I; Revere, Before the Buckwampun Histor¬ • I As I am now so you must be; I Prepare for death, and follow me. ical and Literary Association at Ring¬ No dates of birth are given. The ing Rocks, June 11, 1898. first death recorded was in 1744, the time of the alliance of France and The burying ground known as the Spain. We again find them in neigh¬ Weaver graveyard is situated in Tini- borly sympathy. The dates of the births and deaths (were they both cum township, close to the Nockamixon given) of those included in the city of school house. It is on the road leading Silence would cover the later settle¬ from Revere to Erwinna. ments of the colonies, the Revolution¬ ary War, the second War with Great The yard includes a space of ground Britain, war with Mexico and the great 122 by 180 feet enclosed by a wall. compromise of slavery. The last death This wall was laid in 1841 or 1842. A recorded is that of the wife of William person whose name is unknown to us, Weaver, who died in 1859, the same year in which John Brown, in his hon¬ having relations buried here, started a est fool-hardiness seized upon the subscription to pay for the iron gate, United States arsenal at Harper’s j which closed the entrance, the lime and Ferry and proclaimed freedom to the slaves. | work. The stones and lime were gath- But according to the statements of | ered through the good will of the peo- people living in the community, others i pie living near the place. The wall is have been buried since. It is claimed now in decay and the gate has been that the latest burial has been within the last thirty years. It was that of a i unhinged. The fence which surround¬ child of German parents, who lived on ed it prior to this is almost entirely what is known to us as the Kilian forgotten. homestead, and who had no family con¬ The graveyard is supposed by some nections in this country. No' 'slab of the people living near the place, to marks the grave. • have been the burying ground of a con¬ Had the inscriptions been worded as gregation worshipping in an old log we see them on the gravestones of to¬ church situated just below the yard, day, we would see under the name of and in a corner formed by a turn in John Baxter,- the dates of his birth and the road. Whether this is so and the death to have been 1659 and 1744, since road was built to suit the position of a the age is given as 85. The wife of church or whether the turn was inci¬ William Weaver was 68 years old, dental as often has been the case, can found besides the date 1859, that also of not apparently be ascertained by the present generation. Neither is it her birth, 1791. These are the first and known how the ground was obtained. last deaths recorded. Others, descendants of the deceased, Ttobert Wilson and his wife, Jane, claim that the yard was originally the were buried in 1783 and 1794 respective¬ burying ground of the English Presby¬ ly, and instead of their ages being re¬ terians before the church at Red Hill, corded, their inscriptions designated formerly belonging to that denomina¬ them as an “Aged Man” and an ‘Aged tion, had been built. Quite a number Woman.” of the graves are those of members of The old style of writing dates is families adhering to that church. Both used. April ye 2nd, Mch. ye 26th, etc. theories of its origin seem so prob- The following is the verbatum inscrip¬ 'able that we are ready to combine tion taken from one of tire stones: ' a church of that denomination here, ‘‘Here lieth the body of Joseph Mc¬ and this may have been their burying Farland who departed this life Novem¬ ground. The majority of the graves, ber 6th, 1759, in the 55th year of his however, are marked by means of field age.” stones which bear no inscription. Many Many of the descendants of the de¬ have no mark. Some of these had been ceased live at a distance. A number, marked by wooden slabs of which there however, live in the adjoining town¬ is now no trace. ships. Some in Tinicum about Er¬ j There are between four and five hun¬ winna. dred graves including all. Twenty-five The yard has not been cleared for a iof these are marked with marble slabs. number of years until last month when There were no marble yards around Hiram Conover, of Erwinna, assisted here at that time. The stones were by a workman sent by Miss Mary Mc¬ therefore brought from a distance. Intyre, also of that place, cleared it of This incurred quite an inconvenience saplings and undergrowth. Both have and expense which undoubtedly ac¬ relatives buried here. counts for the many graves marked by According to the memories of the common field stones.__ Ml

aged of to-aay, those whom they knew while living were all farmers. As Born in a Wilderness Home, there were no other industries in the the Business Section of Pitts¬ vicinity it is quite natural that this should be so. Many of their posterity burg, He was the Founder are also engaged in tilling the soil. of West Newton. When we realize that the burying ground was begun in time for the re¬ ception of the bodies of people who were born before the settlement of When George the Third was king a Pennsylvania, and must have come Pittsburg was a frontier fort, when all tj across the Atlantic with the very early territory west of the Alleghanies was in d| emigrants—of) people who cheered King George, and yet withal of uncles and pute between the French and English, J grandparents of the living, we feel a nathan Plumer budded himself a log cabii subtle chain binding us to the past. on the tract of land owned by Colonel Crog We feel as we pass by like^staying our steps and paying our respects to those han. This tract stretched between wha who helped to lay the foundation of were known to the grandfathers of this gen the present. eration as “Two Mile Run” and “The Nan But little is now known of those who without doubt were followed to the rows.” In these days the Croghap tract i| grave by mourning husbands and called the Schenley estate. wives and children, some of them less Jonathan Plumer came from Holliday* than a hundred years ago. We think of it with awe, yet that will be our fate. burg shortly after the French evacuate Mary A. Ford tells it nicely in the fol¬ Fort Duquesne and it was occupied w lowing lines: the English, who rechristened it Fort Pi/ The surging sea of human life forever He was one of those adventurous spirits w: onward rolls, helped wrest the western empire from tin! And bears to the eternal shore its daily freight of souls, French trader and founded English agricul-! Though bravely sails our bark to-day, tural settlements in it. The French had) pale death sits at the prow. passed up the St. Lawrence river, through And few shall know we ever lived a hundred years from now. the Great Lakes, portaged to the headwaters) j Our Father to whose sleepless eye, the of the Allegheny and sweeping down tha past and future stand stream in their light, bircli-bark canoes' I An open page, like babes we cling tc thy protecting hard; laid claim to all the land they saw and any] Change, sorrow, death are naught tc that lay beyond their vision. us if we may safely bow The English started on the East coast an Beneath the shadow of the throne, £ hundred years from how. moved westward. They cleared the forest planted fields and reaped their harvest a: they went. The French went quickly ir their bark canoes. The English went slowly, But they never went back. Naturally when the English pushed then From, f - way over the tops of the Alleghanies and began to lay claim on the territory we know as Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, there was a clash. It resulted i: ' the French and Indian war. That remarkable conflict ended finally ii:1 Date , a < . ; , 2 7 'ill favor of the Englishman. The Frenchman ■bad gone as he had came. When the Eng¬ lish marched into Fort Duquesne the Frencl * ft A were paddling their way down the Ohio.

A HOME IN THE WILDERNESS. [ Right after the English army came a floo of hunters, trappers and other pioneer* whose pleasure it was to get into new cour tries while there were few people there Jonathan Plumer was one of these, an) The Romantic Career of George somewhere near the present site of Pep' Plumer, a Western Penn¬ avenue and Thirty-third street he built h) wilderness home. In Binney’s Report sylvania Pioneer. , , vol. 2, p. 95, the author states: “He d build a log cabin and made many other vat 1 WAS KNOWN AS YOUNG BUCKSKIN. uable improvements.” Some of thes “other valuable improvements” were spring house, a log stable and barn, pig pi and a clearing of 50-or 60 acres in the end- Clasnecl with the mTcoats oi K less forests which covered the Pittsburg of ! n?’ flGTge Plumer was ^ his place " : that day. jjdh Ins flintlock rifle he rendered valua | November 3,1762, all difficulties between j Semce t0 the American army, and J when peace finally came he tramped bad England and France were settled. France through the wilderness to the cabin hom left all the disputed territory and George | near Fort Pitt. the Third was king. He was still only a boy in years but December 5,1762, Jonathan Plumer’s log man m stature and experience. Years c f. cabin in the wilderness became illuminated 1 War aud outdoor life had developed hi ' with a new light. There was first a hasty mentally and physically. There was a manly trip to the “Fort” and the post surgeon uzz on his lips and chin and down at For’ : was hustled off with great haste. Several Pitt, where he often went, he was always ■hours later he tramped back through the ■ istened to with respectful attention forests. It seemed as though the whole There were no schools in those days, but garrison were waiting for him. “What is she young man had gathered a knowledge ■it?’’ breathlessly inquired the officers and of leading and writing and the elements their wives, as the surgeon shook the snow ! j from his big military top coat. ‘ ‘It’s a boy”, and^m^'rr^6 —a voracious reader and the little library at Fort I'iti had been he answered. “It’s a boy, and the first thoroughly explored. A settlement was white child born west of the Alleghanies growing up about the Fort. A couple of under the dominion of His Majesty, the King.” dozen log cabins were planted here and there through the forests which covered all So George Plumer—that was what they of what is now the “downtown” portion " called the baby in honor of their sovereign of the city. Many of these pioneers had lord, George the Third—was ushered into small libraries. Books were not so plenti¬ the world. There was rejoicing in Fort ful those days. The “flashy” novel bad I Pitt that night, for a baby in the wilderness not come into existence. Almost any book was something to rejoice over. Just as that was printed made profitable reading soon as etiquette and the post surgeon would and young Plumer read every one he could permit, the soldiers began to pay their get hold of. Books of travel, religion, phil¬ compliments. Like the magi of old they osophy, any subject, were read with avidity went and bowed at this log cabin shrine and As a result his mind was early stored with some of them thought of other cradles in j a vast fund of general knowledge. far-off England, which they had not seen for seven years. Daniel Elliot kept a store at Fort Pitt. He was one of the “prominent citizens” The baby grew to be a stout chubby boy. of that early day and did a thriving busi¬ His earliest playthings were the bow and ness trading beads and trinkets to the In¬ arrow and later a rifle. His books were dians, and powder, lead, guns, knives and Nature’s own and he learned to read them anything else to the white residents of this ■ so well he could follow any track through vicinity. His wife had been a Miss Low- the forest as well as any Indian ever could. rey, daughter of Major Alexander Lowrey Long before he reached manhood’s estate his of Donegal, Lancaster county. fame was known far and near. “Young Mrs. John Hay, wife of another leading Buckskin,” the Indians called him, and Pittsburger of that day, was her sister. “Young Buckskin” he became to the Eng-! These two women moved in the “upper lish about Fort Pitt. He was a noted, fear¬ less, expert Indian scout. ten” of frontier society. To be sure they did their own washing, but when the of¬ TALKING OF INDEPENDENCE. ficers’ wives over at the Fort were bavin- After the French and Indian war had end-' a ‘pink tea” or an “Indian corn dance,” ed the questions began to arise which Mrs. Elliot and Mrs. Hay always cut across culminated in our own war for independen¬ the back lots to the Fort, and not everybody ce. George the Third was still king and about here did. The Plumers, for instance, sovereign over young George Plumer. But were not often invited. Mr. Plumer was this fact cut no figure with the young strip¬ not in business” at the Fort,” and of course ling. There were no newspapers in those they did not move in Fort society. days, but an occasional trader or emigrant A BIT OF ROMANCE. brought news from east of the mountains j about the storm that was gathering. Several years after the devolution had 1 Young Plumer was a Colonist. He loved ended Major Lowrey sent his youngest his king, but he loved his country more, daughter, Miss Margaret, from Donegal; and he stayed with his country. When the over the mountains to visit her sisters storm cloud finally broke and the ragged firs. Elliot and Mrs Hay, at Fort PittT Now, Margaret Lowrey was a pretty His wife thought the same, and as they young miss. All the soldiers at Fort Pitt both liked George Plumer they had no ob¬ would swear to that and every suscepti¬ jections. It was too far those days to send ble young man in the frontier settlement to Donegal and get permission from Major fell deeply in love with her. She had Lowrey. Young lovers could not wait so chances without number and good ones long. Mr. Elliot and Mr. Hay were, there¬ at that. Mrs. Hay and Mrs. Elliot pointed fore, looked upon as Miss Margaret’s guar¬ out to her the advantages of some of the of¬ dians, being the husbands of her older sis¬ fers, but the young woman laughed them ters. off. Sh§ \vas .going to be an old maid, she But Mrs. Hay had other notions for I said, and her married sisters shook their Margaret’s welfare and she protested. I heads and sighed at “Margaret’s foolish¬ “The idea that Margaret Lowrey, daugh¬ ness. ’ ’ ter of ajor Lowrey, the wealthiest man in There had been an Indian raid and Donegal, should t brow herself away on an young George Plumer was going to the uncultured backwoods scout when she front. He stopped at Mrs Elliot’s store to might marry some trader or merchant. get some powder and lead. Miss Margaret Why it never entered her head. ’ ’ That was was there and they were introduced. what she said. Young Plumer looked very handsome that But the pretty Miss Margaret had made morning, tall and straight, with his buck¬ up her mind. There were no marriage skin suit and his flintlock rifle. He was license laws and they did not have to go just the right sort of material for a young to Ohio. They just walked down one of the woman to make a hero of. forest paths to the home of the frontier Margaret became greatly interested in the clergyman and there, with the whispering I young scout. As he tramped away toward pines for witnesses, they became man and the river that morning she watched him wife. with a strange choking and a tightening “Setting up housekeeping” was a sim¬ about her heart. Somehow he looked back ple affair in those days. Any man’s credit several times and whenever he did he saw was good, for almost everything came from a pretty, fashionable figure in the store door¬ Nature’s storehouse, where the only install¬ way. For some reason he also felt a little ments asked are day’s labor. George queer that morning, but being very young, Plumer had to build a home for his pride he did not know that it was Margaret’s and he had already selected the site. fault. Up Pucketty creek, which is the divid- 1 | The Indian uprising was suppressed in ing line between Allegheny and West-1 ; due time and the frontiersmen came march¬ moreland counties and empties into the Al¬ ing home again. Young Plumer stopped legheny river right where the town of Par¬ at the store that day and in a manner per¬ nassus now stands, he chose his claim. He fectly unaccountable he and Margaret soon built a log cabin at the upper end of what found themselves together and alone. is now the Parnassus race track. The claim that he took up belongs now to the Wentz Like Shakespeare’s hero, this American estate. The young pioneer built his log Othello told his Desdemona of the chase and cabin, hewed out the furniture for the kit¬ the battle, of the adventures he had passed chen, dining room and bedroom, which were ! through, and as he talked on and on, they found themselves getting very well acquaint¬ all in one, and cleared 30 acres of land. His wife, raised in luxury, was a noble I ed. He told her all about himself and she . helpmeet. She helped him to plant their told her story. After that George Plumer / crops and harvest them. Their meat was 1 came often to Mr. Elliot’s store. Miss / the flesh of deer, bear, wild turkey and Lowrey became quite rich in such presents such other game as he could kill. Their as bear’s claws, turkey wings and such j clothing was buckskin, tanned Indian fash- other trinkets as George’s rifle could furnish. I ion, and their bedclothes in winter were_the j ANOTHER TRIUMPH FOR CUPID. i skins of bears. Beaver hides and the pelts Mrs. Elliot and Mrs. Hay paid little at¬ of other small animals they trapped were I tention to this matter, because “it never traded in the store at Fort Pitt for such ! entered their heads.” An entrance was luxuries they wanted or such necessities as finally effected, however, when George they could not supply themselves in the Plumer went to Mr. Elliot and stated his woods. case. ANOTHER PLUMER ARRIVES. Now, Mr. Elliot was a sensible man and ; A year passed away and then the baby he knew it was not much use to interfere. came. The log cabin on the Pucketty be¬ came a palace and the water never rolled j 'so musicallymp at Dugkn’s Fairs and down i society of Fort Pitt by her action. She through the Knowland bottoms as it did ! her version and painted her picture of L that day for George Plumer. A new life 1 husband hero. The proud old Major nevei had come into the wilderness and there was I answered Margaret’s letter. no more loneliness for Major Lowrey’s About a year after the lawyer jumped his daughter in her humble cabin home. She % claim George was over near Hannastown on had been happy before, but only a mother J a hunting expedition. He stumbled upon . can know how she felt now. j a party of surveyors whom he knew. With ' The years swept by. Twice since the ad¬ ! the party was an elderly gentleman to whoin ; vent of the first baby had the Angel of Ma- j they introduced him. It was his father-in- [ temity visited the log cabin of George law, Major Lowrey. Plumer. These had been years of happi¬ This was their first meeting. Major Low-1 ness and hardship. Indians made frequent rey was cold but polite. George Plumer car¬ raids those days. On one occasion Mrs. ried the air of an independent gentleman. Plumer crouched beneath a neck that juts They watched each other narrowly and out over Pucketty creek. All night long made mental notes. Before they parted she pressed her baby to her breast, stifling George gave his father-in-law a cordial invi¬ j its cries for fear they might betray them to tation to visit his daughter and get acquaint- j their savage foes. Her two oldest children ' ed with his grandchildren. He stiffly de- [ crouched beside her and her husband stood dined and they parted. guard overhead. In the morning they stealth¬ The old Major started for his home in ily made their way to Fort Pitt, where1 Donegal. Mile after mile he rode through they remained until the uprising had sub¬ the forest. Lower and lower sank his head. sided. Slower and slower went his horse. Finally On another occasion they fled from their the animal’s head was turned and the Ma¬ home and reached the woods just as the In¬ jor was riding toward the log cabin on dians crept into the clearing on the other Pucketty creek. side. As they gained the top of Coxcomb It is no use trying to tell what Margaret' hill south of Parnassus, they looked back and said or what the Major said or whether he 1 saw the flames rising from the home they thought the baby looked like him. Nobody had builded with years of toil. can tell just what he said under such cir- Such was the life of the Plumers. A year I cumstances as these. The Major stayed or so after the third child was born George J with them several weeks. His opinion of Plumer was called away for three months’ I his son-in-law was completely altered. He1 military service against the Indians. While 1 was struck with the young man’s thrift he was gone a lawyer from Pittsburg came I and industry and became greatly attached up and j umped his claim. Postmaster Sam¬ to him. uel Skillen, of Parnassus, says that Plumer’s Major Lowrey owned a big tract of lau cabin was built oS his own line. Mr. Skil¬ over on the Youghioglieny river, wher len is one of the few men about Parnassus West Newton now stands. The Major oi who ever heard of George Plumer. He re¬ fered his son-in-law an excellent farm there members a big pile of stones up at the upper and the young man accepted it. This was end of the race track. It marked the site of not enough to make up for his years of ne¬ of Plumer’s stone chimney. According to glect, so the old gentleman gave Plumer 800 this the house was off his own land. It pounds to build a sawmill and improve the was probably on this technicality that the place. This was the first mill in that part ' smooth Blackstonian managed to beat the of the state. Plumer’s mill was soon saw- frontiersman out of' his rights. Histor^ ing lumber for farmers on even,- hand. The does not say. log cabin was giving way to the frame house VY and a flourishing business was soon estab¬ met his FATHER-IN-LAW. lished. After Plumer returned and found his home gone he set to work to buy back what IN STATE AND NATIONAL POLITICS.'ft he had created by his own industry but had The next year the Major visited his been swindled out of by law. daughter again. So well pleased was he with ! When Margaret Lowrey set her sister’s what George had done that he gave him an ideas of propriety aside and married George additional 300 pounds and sent him the ! Plumer, Mrs. Hay wrote to Major Lowery. burr stones for a grist mill. Parched corn She told him what an ignorant, good-for- and the old hand mill were no longer good | ! nothing, buckskin clad lout of an Indian enough for the settlers of that section and i ! fighter George Plumer was and how Mar- the grist mill at Robbstown, the old name i i garet had barred herself from the respectable of West Newton, grew into an important J .1 OLD CgLONIAL CHURCHES.

j MANY STILL STANDING IN SOUTH- \ EltN DEN NS TL VANIA.

In Front of One Is the “ Witness Oak,” j I Around Which the Parishioners Swore • | Allegiance to the American Cause—An¬ other was Used as a Prison for Hessians. I

| Liberty. Pa., Sept. 3.—People whose first ! consideration was religion and the spiritual ; welfare of the nation were the first settlers : in Lancaster county and adjoining counties of | Pennsylvania. The persecuted Mennonites of | Europe sought freedom of worship in Lan- j caster county as long ago as 1710. Quakers ! came here still earlier. The Hunkers Hod ' from persecution in Germany to this part of •j Pennsylvania in 1719. and the Moravians | came in 1740. Seotch-Irish Presbyterianism j was firmly established in Lancaster county as I early as 1720, and the Protestant Episcopal •: faith in 1717. The Lutherans organized a I society in Lancaster in 1730. and the third | Hebrew society in this country was founded ! at that place in 1747. The Catholics were strong enough in Lancaster in 1745 to found a church. These pioneer religionists felt it ' their first and most sacred duty to provide : themselves with places in which to worship according to the dictation of their faith, and they erected such temples as their means per- ! mitted. In many cases those temples were builded so well that they are standing to-day, very muoh as they were originally erected, j interesting and sacred relics of those primi- 1 tive days. One of the most interesting of these is the old Presbyterian Church at East Donegal, Lancaster county. That township was set¬ tled by sturdy Scotch-Irish immigrants, and in 1723 they organized the East Donegal Pres¬ byterian Society. In 1740 John, Richard and Thomas Penn, the successors of William Penn In the proprietorship of Pennsylvania, con¬ veyed to the society. 200 acres of 'and for church purposes. 'In that year the church was built. It replaced a log church that was I built in 1724, and in which the Rev. James Anderson from New York city, where he had been one of the first to preach Presbyterian¬ ism, had preached since 1726, having accept¬ ed a call from the East Donegal society in that year. The new church was built of stone, the walls being covered with plaster, after | the fashion of that day, and it stands there now just as it was finished nearly 160 years [ ago. except that in 1750 a door was cut in one end of the church to correspond with the origi- j nal door in the other end. The old church stands in a grove beneath whose shade the original worshippers in the building gathered. There is no steeple to this old church, and the upper part of the roof j slopes gradually for a few feet and then drops 1 into a very steep incline to the eaves. Among the relics presorved with the church is the original communion table, a heavy walnut table, put together by mortising and wooden pegs. This table was used in the old log church as early as 1727. __ One of the most revered objects connected with the old East Donegal church, for it is re- , ,, . '

srate ‘One ot 'The early "pastors ..., ,■ as' part' of the quaint sanctuary itself, church was the Rev. James Bahbitt.a most aus¬ g aided tere"learned and dignified divine. An amus- is„ an„ immense oak tree that stands in the ing incident ofhis pastorate is among the favo¬ yard in front of the church and casts a vast rite reminiscences of the communicants of the old Cedar Grove Church of to-day. The preacher expanse of shade when in leaf. This tree is lnd other charges besides Cedar Grove, and believed to be at least 400 years old, but it is one Sunday was making his rounds, ridtrig a still sound and sturdy. It is called the "Wit¬ horse that he had purchased from apaii.-dnou- er Fox-hunting was the ail absorbing sport ness Oak,” and has this history: In 1777 the of'the gentry of that early time in Lancaster Rev. Colin MeFarquhar. a learned Scotch 'county. The preacher had not ridden many divine, was the pastor of the society. His wife miles when he heard the musical baying of a ■nack'Of hounds, and soon a number of hunts¬ and family were in the mother country, and men appeared on the scene, (lying acioss while he had never positively avowed his loy¬ country on their trained hunters. Incensed alty to the King, he had not shown that he at this desecration of the Sabbath, the good man urged his horse toward the sportsmen favored the cause of the colonies in the Revolu¬ with the intention of heading them off and re- tion that was then stirring all hearts. His ser¬ proving them roundly. Then came a revela¬ mons frequently counseled conciliatory meas¬ tion that appalled him. The horse he was riding proved to be an old fox-hunter. 1 te ures in the struggle, and the Sunday before the having of the hounds aroused old-time mema- battle of the Brandywine he was preaching r;f>s within him, and away he went, joining in such a sermon. His congregation was made , ithe chase, and flew pellmell after the others. In vain did the preacher pull rein and bit. 1 he up of stern and uncompromising patriots, ofd horse took the leading place behind the and on that day they had resolved to give hounds. Up hill and down dale. < erected in 1787, and is in nearly its original Near Lebanon Is a. fehiirclyn-ow occupied i.y a -Lutheran ■ and' a "-'ormefTOcBeformef ftongregtoon joint- lv and known as the Hill Church, which was built in 1733. It is a large, barnlike .Mono structure. Near the same village is a laigo two-story building that was put up in 1. 50 by From, the Moravians as a place of worship. It was oaned Hebron. Besides being a church, it was the pastor’s dwelling place and.he also conducted a school in it. Alter the haxue oi Trenton a number of Hessian prisoners were sent to Hebron, and the church was converted into a prison and liospital. Descendants, of some of the Hessian prisoners still live in that fooalitv. Fifty years ago the old structure was abandoned as a church, and has been in use as a barn ever since. , , The Paxtang Presbyterian Church was erect¬ ed in 1732 It is a plain building, built of limestone The trees that stood there when the church was built stand there yet. The first pastor of this ancient church, the Rev Wil- IN MEMORY OF STIEGEL. fjapi BeHram, was paid £»J0 a year, one-half in

money the other half in hemp, linen yarn and - ffnen cloth, at market price,” In the grave- The Seventh Memorial Service to Com- vard of this church are buried John Hams, the founder of Harrisburg, whose great-grand¬ memorate the Payment of the Annu¬ son the last oi his race, died at Harrisburg last week: Gen. Michael Simpson and Gen^James al Rental of a Rose by the Luther¬ Crouch. Bevolutionary heroes, and William an Congregation, Prominent Vis¬ Maclay, who was the colleague of Robert Mor¬ ris hi representing Pennsylvania in the first itors Assist in the Ceremonies United States Senate under the Constitution Tile replacing of the Lancaster Evangelical and Heirs of Baron Stiegel Lutheran Church of the Hoiy Trinity, built in Receive the Rose. Notes 1738 by the present one oi 1 to I lett Muhlenberg’s church at Trappe, Montgomery and Incidents. lounty.the oldest Lutheran church in America The “ Feast of Roses” commemorates the most interesting event in the history T utheron oenominauon, iu imyihs * ■ inl733 Dr. Muhlenberg came to the German of this Borough. No celebration has settlement of Trappe in 1742 and began his been, received with more favor, nor has historic work of establishing the doctrines of any event aroused so much interest in t he Lutheran Church. In 174o he erected, a store '-hurch at Trappe, and it is standing to¬ local lore. The facts that the observance day just as it was finished loo years ago, in¬ of this feast is in commemoration of an side and out. It is not used lor church ser¬ episodic deed in the life of the founder vice-- I ut it is sacredly preserved and guard¬ ed for its historical associations. of the town, lends additional beauty and The walls of this ancient sanctuary are moss- grown and worn by the ravages of Ume.but they are still firm aid apparently good foi another century The heavy, arched vestibule door is fastened by a ponderous lock, and the great inm key that, unlocks it is yellow and, eaten with rust. The interior of the church is just as it was the day the first aervice was held in it bv Dr. Muhlenberg, except that the high, strah'ht-backed pews show the marks of a hun¬ dred years of occupancy by generations ol wor- Tho curious oaken pulpit, hanging high against the wall at one end of the room and reached by a long flight of stairs, is the same from which the great pmoeer of Lutheran¬ ism i.n America .delivered the eloquent dis¬ delight to the ceremony, and recalls a courses which are a part of the church s lit scene that reflects the sterling character erature to-da.v. Above the pulpit is the sound¬ ing board that aided in making his words mo e of that man and stimulates anew the de¬ distinct and impressive to his hearers. A gal¬ sire to study the history of his career.- - lery of hewn oak timbers, with wrought iron Hence each recurring year brings fresh braces for supports, extends along three sides of the room. Paint lias never touched the ul¬ inspiration and the “ Feast of Roses terior of the old church, and it was never becomes a nucleus around which cluster heated even in the coldest weather. Over the pleasant reminiscences ot those the door on the outside is a tablet on whien a Latin inscription could once be read, but the who assemble to offer tokens of respect rude letters have been so much ODlitepwcl by to his name. Thus has the institution time that they can no longer be deciphered of a novel and, withal, beautiful festival The inscription, it is said, was cut on the stone rendered Manheim the mecca for hun¬ bv Dr. Muhlenberg himself. ’Then are many time-worn gravestones in dreds of interested visitors, prominent Trapp, churchyard. Beside the boat oi students of history, as well as the des¬ Father Muhlenberg lies that of his son, Gen. W Peter Muhlenberg, who. on the breaking out of cendants of Henry William Stiegel, the the Revolution, he being a Lutheran preacher, name of the distinguish Jd German appeared in his pulpit in a Colonel s unilorm, teacher and manufacturer, who estab¬ and telling his congregation that there, was a time to preach and a time to fight, and that the lished the town and laid the foundation time to fight had come, proceeded to enlist for the prosperity that came to this com¬ men for the American Army. He was after¬ ward a Major-General, Vice-President of the munity in after years. , The history of Henry William Stiegel )a Commonwealth, member of the of Representatives, and United &ta_tes_Senator.. has been given in these columns at in¬ tervals since the inauguration of the Feast of Roses” in 1892. Suffice it to

■-C .r _ say that he came from Mannheim, in ustory of the man in whose memory Germany, about 1750, settled in Phila¬ the exercises were given, have journeyed delphia, where he found a wife, and here to look over the scenes of his event¬ subsequently purchased the old Huber ful career. Newspapers and magazines furnace property, a tract of between 700 in all parts of the country have repro¬ and 900 acres, lying partly in Lebanon duced the history of Stiegel, and thus county. He rebuilt the furnace and the “Feast of Roses” has become an began to operate the plant on an enlarg¬ event of national reputation. ed scale. He named the furnace Eliza¬ THE SEVENTH MEMORIAL SERVICE. beth, in honor of his wife. In 1762 he The ninth payment of the annual acquired an interest in the 729 acres of rental of one red rose, and the seventh land now comprising this Borough, and memorial service incident to the occa¬ a year later began the erection of a sion was observed on Sunday. The mansion, part of which still remains.— weather was all that could be expected He laid out the town and established the on an ideal June day, and although the first glass factory here. Other indus¬ humid atmosphere was oppressive! it did trial plants were planned and the town not detract from the enthusiasm of the soon became an important manufactur¬ participants in the celebration, nor did ing center. it reduce the number of visitors. The It was while enjoying his greatest suc¬ latter came in larger numbers than in cess in business that Stiegel performed a small deed which has led to the celebra¬ tion of a novel feast and the perpetua¬ tion of his name. In December 1772, Stiegel conveyed to the trustees of the Lutheran congregation, previously or¬ ganized in this place, a plot of ground, on part of which the Zion Lutheran Church now stands. To make the title valid a consideration was named, and this sum was five shillings. As ground rent the deed provided for the annual payment of one red rose in the month of June, forever, when lawfully demanded. The payment was to be made to himself 'r heirs. He demanded and received he rose in 1793 and 1794, dying after¬ ward, and the revival of this curious Stiegel’s Mansion at Manheim, Erected in 1T63. ceremony of paying rent with a rose was Since rebuilt and is now occupied as not observed until 1892, Dr. J. H. Siel- Becker’s Store. ing, one of the trustees of the congrega¬ ______tion, having the year before noticed the any previous year and the scenes on the i peculiar provision of the deed, and com¬ streets after the arrival of the morning - mencing the preparations for the festi¬ trains resembled those which betoken val, or “ Feast of Roses,” as he designat¬ extraordinary attractions. Some visit¬ ed it, in the year above named. ors, including descendants of Stiegel, Dr. Sieling made public his plans and came on Saturday and spent the day and the idea was favorably received by the evening in visiting various points of in¬ people of the Lutheran congregation as terest in the town, especially those con¬ well as those of the town. A beautiful nected with its founder. Dr. Sieling new church had just been completed, chaperoned a few and they found him an and the proposed feast in 1892 was given interesting and instructive guide. great publicity. The information thus THE MEMORIAL SERMON. imparted to the public soon found its way to heirs or descendants of Stiegel, According to an established custom, residing in different parts of the country, the pastor of the Lutheran Church has and a number of these expressed their since the establishment of this feast, de- , intention to be present to receive the livered a memorial sermon in the morn¬ rose. The arrival of John Calvin Stie¬ ing, and on Sunday Rev. S. Gring Hef- gel, of Harrisonburg, Ya., a great-great- elbower discoursed from the text found grandson of Stiegel, was made the occa¬ in Matthews xii, 24. The sermon was sion of a street parade by Stiegel Castle, appropriate to the occasion and its No. 166, Knights of the Golden Eagle, delivery commanded the closest atten¬ and the visitor was entertained in the tion of the large audience present. This most hospitable manner. Hundreds of service and sermon was presceded by a people came to town to witness the new Sunday School Congress in the morning, ceremony, and the affair was pronounced at which addresses were delivered by Rev. a grand success. T. B. Thomas, of York, Prof. Samuel Since then the “Feast of Roses” has Reigel, of Lebanon, Mr. F. P. D’Miller, been observed on the second Sunday in of Columbia, and others. June of each year, and the same interest THE FORMAL EXERCISES. on the part of visitors has been manifest¬ As is usual on these occasions the ed in its celebration. The new festival the large auditorium of the church was brought many prominent people to the filled with anxious auditors, and long Borough, and many^ who have read the before the hour for opening the aeatfng ] '} For Baron Stiegel’.s’weTcomi^^^^^ capacity was exhausted. Many persons Ij Was royal enough to lit a king, v- And he was doublv welcome to-dav remained outside while others stood in For was not this the time he chose ’ the aisles and vestibules. Mrs. W. D. i Wherein the vi,lage folks should pay Keeny inaugurated the festivities with . Their rental fee of one red rose ? an organ voluntary, and a trained choir Within ttie mansion all is still under the leadership of Prof. W. D. 1 As a Sabbath morn from hill to hill. \ Wide open stands the smithy door, Keeny sang an anthem entitled “ The i Rut the gasping bellows has ceased its roar, Queen of Flowers.” This selection was And the smith his leathern apron wide, written by Prof. Urban H. Hershey, for¬ k His tongs and hammer has laid aside, And. newly dressed from top to to?, merly organist of the church and now a Takes down his fiddle and his bow. student at the Conservatory of Music in And the blowers too have left their tasks; New York. It was highly appreciated • i The ringing goblets and long-necked flasks by the audience. Rev. Thomas S. Min- Si carefully wrought from the furnace glow, Stand side by side in lengthened row. ker, pastor of Grace M. E. Church, But the blowers are gone, and, each one dressed delivered the invocation, and the audi¬ From head to heel in his Sunday best, ence sang “All Hail the Power of Jesus’ They hold beneath their shaven chins And scrape and screw their violins ; Name.” Since all must be in the best of tune, POEM— “STIEGEL’s HOME-COMING.” For the Baron is coming,—and coming soon. A new and beautiful feature of the But one, when all the rest are gone To mirth and music, still works on. exercises was the recitation of a poem He was a son of mystery, entitled “ Stiegel’s Home-Coming,” by Wave-washed, it seemed, from a nameless sea Mrs C. K. Binkley, wife of Prof. C. K. And in his features all could trace Binkley, late principal of the pub¬ The sign of Judah’s chosen race His shrunken form and piercing eye lic schools. Mrs. Binkley is an elocu¬ Gave rumors dark of sorcery. tionist of more than ordinary ability, “ Besides,” ihe village said, ’tis plain That they who bear the awful stain ! and her recital of this original produc- Of a Saviour crucified, tion, composed by Mr. Binkley especial¬ And, on their brows the mark of Cain, ly for the occasion, proved entertaining About the world are scattered wide. Have ever thus their God denied, and instructive. It was as follows : And, leagued with Satan, Him defied.” It was .June : like a maiden the young year stood He meekly bore their fear and scorn. .Tust waking Into womanhood. And now upon this festive morn The glamour of the earth and skies He bent before his willing task Made dreamlight in her tender eyes. Till bowl and pitcher, bottle and flask, While hill and vale held prophecy To life beneath his deft hand grew; j Of waving harvests soon to he. For as he painted hue on hue, The cattle roamed the meadows wide In wondrous trees of brigntest green Amid the flowers yellow and pied, Sat birds no mortal eye hath seen, Or stood knee-deep in the waters cool With marvelous bills wherein each tries Where the Chiques widened in the shade, To hold a cherry of impossible size. While the circles their drowsy snlashing made But hark! the signal cannon sounds. Ruffled the face of the placid pool, And hear the distant bay of hounds ; And the ripple of waters and the birds in tune And louder still and clearer borne, Blent with the day. In a word it was June, The echo of the herald’s horn. And June ’mid the old earth’s ebb and flow At length the open pack appears: Ij the June of a thousand years ago. With heads hung low and flapping ears, It is sixscore years since the sun looked down, They reach the creek below the hill That peaceful day on oiir pleasant town, And pause mid-stream to lap their fill. Seeming asleep by magic spells, Behind them, slowly, side by side, With hills of green for sentinels.— With horn to lip the heralds ride ; So strange to modern smoke and grime. And last the rumbling coach and four To the come and go of our shuttle life, With great, broad wheels the Baron bore. T> its work and worry, stress and strife, , The mettled steeds, with flowing manes , This hamlet of the olden time. The driver holds with steady reins. This happy home ot peace and Saw. The while in stately form and slow, The cotiages were roofed with straw, Amid the din and merry rout, The gardens were prim with hollyhocks, With bark of dogs and children’s shout, with yellow marigolds and phlox ; Along the village street they go. The tulips stood un straight and tall, And roses clambered over all. The wall and trellis they wandered o’er, They peeped in the window and cottage door. And hung from the eaves in long festoon, For this was Mannheim and this was June. Sedate and kindly looking down Upon its neighbors of the town, The Baron's mansion stood apart, A prodigy of wealth and art. Upon its peak he made extend A cupola from end to end. Its bricks he brought from o’er the sea ; Its eaves were generous as lie, For there was heard the livelong day The bluebird’s chirp and robin's lay. Within ’twas wonderful to see . The mantels with their tiles of blue And the deftly woven tapestry, , Where high aloft the herons flew, Stiegel’s Office, still standing, Northwest Corner And huntsmen, eager to pursue, Market Square. i Their hooded falcons haste to free. To-day the house is filled with clatter The Baron sits up straight and tall; B Of pot and kettle, plate and platter. With courtly grace he bows to all. From the clinking of the silver kmves, He smiles upon the well-meant noise, And the busier tongues of busy wives, And scatters coin for the scrambling boys. He could plainly see who cime that way That the Baron is coming home to-day, _ _J Nfti' in his glance forgets to greet wives ■And . Ab he held a single rose of red • 1DemnrelTiT^If'©mu rely by their -caps posy upou beds. heads, ’ Thy only riches that will sta u | 0, from the massive cupola. is the one red rose received to-day. Blending with the joyous rout, Loud and long and clear rolls out I ae music of the orchestra. The Ieads with m'ght and main 1 fass blowers take up the strain, ’ And tilling out the chorus come 1 he trombone and the clarionet Hesnffem!|ir friends beTrayed ^1^ 8,0ne’~ The squeaking life, the flageolet, He suffered meekly as a child ’ revi,ed’ The cymbals and the big bass drum the while they ring out loud and long WkaUkotiZ isToaTe1 Z'10™? brow, An ancient German triumph-sono- • T!.y wealth will like°a Zadowte ^ tUu' ror surely tit for any king 0 * Mwn can not harm thy love and tine. Must be the Baron’s welcoming ,\»n«ce klni- he was °f this domain a wtlere none disputes his reign character^aBhough ame tfme SfTd0"7 flctUlous And king he seems in very deed K m Manheim the ros^ ■—ll— Pf hla appearance When at his groaning feasting board He holds his court like a feudal lord _ Danner has in his collection v!?,paid- Mr- it or kindness was the Baron’s creed' original agreement dated Jnnl *? ??!] reUcs the And no man left his door in need —’ Henry William Stiegel owne^ J’ \lU' between And now the best his fields afford Flint-glass Factory of the onla?,Ltfle American He gives to all as if there were Isaacs, Glasseutter of Pniiadpinh36, aQd Lazarus A baron in each villager. side. In this agreement fhP Rhla’ of the °«ier self “to employ th“said jLBaron, binds bim- But all that day amid the din Glasshouse in Lancasterloumv 1® Isaacs at h«s And the sound of hurrying out and in floweret, and in each DrLch of That % cutter and The man of mystery worked on. the said Lazarus Isaacs that Business he, The feast was ended, the guests were vone Power and Capacity to serve^he®*.*9!H? a“ in h‘s And still the birds no eye hath seen g ’ liam Stiegel for the term oftb® said Henry Wil- He seated on trees of brightest green date hereof, accordino- toowiL0ne year from H'« And still, more wonderful to tell shall from time to time receive* and,dlre»ctions he t hey held those cherries impossible consideration of ail which wen , 'In Hut the Baron chanced that wav to nass performed, the sa;d Henrv w doae and To test the rows of ringing glass, P 3 ises and Covenants hereby tn ■Stiegei Prom= Isaacs the sum of Five Pn in io*/ lbe said Lazarus He saw the withered Jew bent down Monthly, - b we Pounds and Ten Shillings T.'^hLs,patlent t0ll‘ anci “Friend,” said he him a House to live in and ai.fnd ,fourtber to find who I !uSh Bmst Hiankless seem to thee ’ When all the people of the town ’ a Garden. As to FHewolf h.a pie.ceof Land for Save thee are making holiday; like the other workmen at FlveVhin 0 be 8nPPli«i hauled to his Boor.” n at ^,ve Shillings per Cord, Thou shouldst have rest as well as they ” Rnrnt^i. ,ook.ed.bP and his eyes of coal Burned deep within the Baron’s soul. an™'he<,ScnftMatheh? sf‘gnatures of the Baron between the^ngfish1 form? oJ b^-lng in Hebrew ?aid he’ “ tlleir riot is naught .wen name. ukAff X". Wo ;„e,.wor^ t0-day my band hath wrought task 18 tbankless wherein the heart g ?a8 woven itself as the richer part; YTK^f^^-Hebrew calls Stiegel And though all else may pass awav I Joseph Yet these two, Love and Lab ,r, stay oseph H. Dubbs in tZZf- has t,lis basIstTTrT hmo ^hen ,t02etber as one they twine I Mannheim, in Germany6 fngatiDg the records of It is then that life is first divine. I name Stiegel, but otTfhe’nthUn]e Baron starts " AvIeQ?ls Je, w,1° reads men’s hearts) Aye Stengel, thou wert, but have no fear JZ fulTZ™1 be Stie^‘ he“! ' WdhHwith the deeperdde“ pastsecrets shau of safeJmy breasty rest At fhEEV‘ DB' DUBBS’ address. Past I know,—but ask not how — And thou shalt know thy future now • »£« dSeffifffi Dr- SieliAg. under BaroD Stiegel, thy wealth shall fly introdneed Mr. ’sf?-®*’®"* 4®*:! Jt!ou 8halt be Poor, nay. poorer than I And thy only riches that will stay ’ President of IHa t a bteiI1II>an) Is the one red rose received to dav torical Societv Pounty His- Yet think of this (when faims are gone upon Rev. Dr^f at/,e,£ ea!1ed When ?lends artf bee! and prisons vawn and Marshall’Pniw^UT^8’ °f Franklin Iwhflt th81 ^7 heart and soothe thy brow) I in behalf *i, °“fe5ei Lancaster, who Whauhou hast is a garment, whVtTol art is ! address. Dr t’jh!hh'y’ c*9'Iivered a short Thy wealth w 11 like a shadow flee • years a^o he had S8 S‘udr that “any Man can not harm thy love and thee.’” history of Renfvfwn1? lnfcTest in tf“ He ceased, and no man ever knAw cause at that Hnfo^v.18,01 ®tle"ei. be- Whither or why had gone the Jew' But fro n that day was never heard dent, he had 6’ a c°dege stu- °f Hie man they feared a single word of Stiegel who w6d Wlth a descendant The Baron went like a man in drllm To the village church his bounty gJve beena Ba;o?\CtiStlePPhTd t haVe He heard the song and the sen.,™™ no authority for he CBuld §lve The glorious sunlight frill® streams ®: must have been JiveSo SHeTf Khat ib Painting the altar in living beams of his standing- and ^ t0 stiegel because And flooding the roses win, But whether they preach or wd>e»h e ??ms ’ Prof. Duhbs hk.wi Kre,at. Possessions.— Or whether the one red rose They pay 6J Pray’ Deep in his heart he only heard7 ' y‘ *n oS Sti S be, b“d wri,‘“ The echo of the Hebrew’s word • twenty-one veals La gei’ I?ore thaQ For Baron Stiegel, thy wealth ohn'u n. things about his h;L°’ and *^at s°me And thou shalt be poor, nay poorer'm r NoGi.hS„diD.bIKF S! - But when the happ^ oZivSkli ' beved that qt,-r„ , at> the doctor be- *nd music to the rafters rang g He saw in a vision the wide Sin™ „• man who»K had dL W8Sr_» *a Hood man—«... a Into a garden warm and strand Cnange Wherein the blessed Saviour stood • ssfe-fisj,* ,«®f Site And roses were his flowing blood ’ In cbnclusibiTTProf. Dubbs extended the congratulations of the Historical Society lieved Stiegel left the best legacy—a | to the congregation and expressed a de¬ true character, which must assert itself. sire that the celebration might continue. Prof. Learned gave an interesting talk THE MEMORIAL ORATION. on the significance of the occasion, as it The principal address was delivered [ indicated the similarity of the language by Prof. M. 1). Learned, of the Univer¬ of Mannheim, Germany, spoken by the I sity of Pennsylvania, who was chosen people here, and their faces and physi-' as the memorial orator. Prof. Learned ognomy, as well as sterling qualities in began by saying that he did not know children imitated those of the Mann whether Stiegel was a Baron, or not, but heim, far away. He concluded his re¬ he understood that he was known by marks with a strong plea for the study that title, perhaps, because he had baro¬ of German history, and contrasted the nial possessions in Germany, and that object in erecting such.a beautiful testi¬ his possessions in this country entitled monial in memory of the deed of a him to a corresponding distinction.— Christian man, to that of the heathen. But as he did not intend to speak so After the oration the audience sang much about his name or history, he “ Come Thou Almighty King.” would say something about the interpre¬ PAYMENT OP THE ROSE. tation of the significance of a man like What always proves to be an excep¬ Stiegel in an American community.— tionally delightful and yet impressive 1 scene,cjuulic, at theuio “ Feasti: ca.oL uiof Roses,”jLVuoea, is thecue 1i payment of the annual rent of one red ...... l On 4-former ...... occasionsa a An n. aw. n Vini.nheirs of.. 4" 41.the .. I Baron have been present to receive this | significant flower; but instead of de¬ creasing, the number of descendants, and heirs to this beautiful emblem, pre¬ sent to receive it, has increased; so that when Ur. Sieling in behalf of the con¬ gregation arose to present the rose, seven heirs, recipients of this distinguished favor, arose, and by that act expressed' their demand and desire at the same time. Hon. J. Hay Brown, of Lancas¬ ter, received, legally, the rental for the heirs, to each of whom the flower was passed. The names of these honored descendants of the great Baron who The First Lutheran Church, Erected 17T0, on the were present and received the rental are, Northwest Corner of the Plot. Mr. John Calvin Stiegel, Harrisonburg, Ya., Mrs. Elizabeth M. Luther, Potts- The professor told of the significance of ville, Pa., Miss Annie L. Boyer, Harris¬ the rose, as a flower, in Germany, and burg, Pa., Miss Bessie Stiegel,Harrison¬ how the rose gardens played an import¬ burg, Ya., and Mr. Charles M. Hill, ant role in that country from the eleventh Miss C. G. Hill, and Mrs. E. G. Du to the thirteenth century. At Worms, Mee, of Philadelphia. on the Bhine, there was a famous rose A LIBERAL DONATION. garden where the great Knights repaired At the close of this ceremony the audi¬ to meet face to face and hand to hand ence seng two stanzas of “ God Be With and fought. He concluded, therefore, You Till We Meet Again,” after which that the connection of a rose with Stie- Dr. SieliDg arose and announced that gel’s history, was not an accident, but letters of regret had been received from an instinct of custom. The rose, re¬ a number of distinguished persons, who instituted the rose fests, or rose feasts, I could not be present, including Gov. as a symbol of the earlier times when it Hastings, ex-President Cleveland, Mayor was instituted in Mannheim, Germany. Warwick and Judge Gordon, of Phila¬ Stiegel, he said, was a typical European delphia ; Hon. Charles N. Brumm, Con¬ and a typical American. He belonged gressman from Schuylkill county ; Clif¬ to a class of men of wealth and came to ford Howard, Congressman Jerry Simp- j America with money. He broke the son ; Prof. Twitmeyer, Bethlehem way, being a pioneer, and gave a helping Mrs. Bishop Cheney, Hon. Bois Pen¬ hand toward the development of the rose, James Wood, esq., Mr. R. C. Lu¬ material resources of Pennsylvania.— ther, Dr. William Ensminger, of Chica¬ But for the Revolution, he might have go ; Hon. W. U. Hensel; Mrs. Ellen died a rich man, as he lived. But there Stewart Patterson, secretary of the Man- were many who suffered a similar fate, heim Club, Philadelphia ; Col. George and he regretted that people too often Boyer, Harrisburg; Dr. F. Hinkle, Co¬ underrate the worth of such men. The lumbia; H. S. Morris, Philadelphia; I professor here paid a glowing tribute to James Wood, Mt. Kisco, N. Y.; Nannie Stiegel, because he had fallen a victim C. Quick, Virginia; Alice Stiegel Hen¬ to the storm preceding the Revolution¬ kel, Delaware; Prof. M. G. Brumbaugh,; ary war, and though kind and generous, University of Penn’a, and Hon. Andrev/ his creditors snarled at him. He be¬ Carnegie.

' ’ In connection with the latter name was present. The ushers thisyear being the doctor had a very agreeable surprise members of the same Castle, displayed in store for the audience, and one that the emblem of the order on the badges was especially pleasing to the congrega- worn. tion. He read a letter from Mr. Car- The Lancaster County Historical So¬ ciety gave unfailing evidence of its inter¬ est in Manheim’s novel feast. Besides being represented by a speaker there were present the Hon. John B. Livings¬ ton, President of the County Courts ; Mr. George M. Steinman, President of the Society ; Samuel M. Sener, esq , F. R. Diffenderfer, Secretary ; Mr. John D. Skiles, Mr. John C. Carter, Assistant District Attorney B. C. Atlee, Mr. W. A. Heitshu and others. All were interested specators at the exer¬ cises. A pathetic incident related to the feast, was the decoration of the grave of the late Walter Seiders Lawrence, in the graveyard adjoining the church. For the third time, Mr. J. L. Seiders, after whum the deceased was named, came from his home at Tamaqua, to place roses and garlands of flowers upon the young man’s last resting place. It was a token of sympathy that was especially comforting to the parents of the deceased The present Lutheran Church, Erected 1891. and was by them very much appreciat¬ ed. negie, and exhibited a draft for $100 Prof. Samuel Riegel, of Lebanon, was which had been inclosed, with the infor¬ an enthusiastic spectator at the feast and mation that it was a donation to the brought with him a corps of teachers Memorial Fund. The audience then from his county to observe the unique arose and concluded the service by the ceremony. tinging of the last stanza of the hymn, A feature of this year’s celebration, Rev. T. B. Thomas, of York, pronounc¬ generally commented upon, was the ing the benediction. presence of so large a number of visitors. The usual contribution of roses fol¬ Never in the history of the event have so lowed and the beautiful and impressive many strangers visi ed the church, and ceremony known as the “Feast of not since the inauguration of the festival Roses,” was again recorded as an event has so much interest been manifested of unusual pleasure and delight. by visitors. Some came from Philadel- NOTES AND INCIDENTS. phia, New York and other points, merely to witness the ceremony of which they The decorations in the church were had read so much in the newspapers.— arranged in attractive style and were the I They expressed great satisfaction with of Miss Annie L. Boyer7of Harris¬ ' the event and some will endeavor to burg, and Mr. N. W. Long, of this come again next year. place, both adepts in that art. A mound The hotel registers showed full pages or pyramid covered with roses immedi¬ of names and they were not home guests ately in front of the rostrum, attracted either. Proprietor Summ.y entertained considerable attention and elicited much at his famous hostelry alone, about one favorable comment. hundred and fifty guests, which fact in A significant and most appropriate itself is a correct index of the number of feature of the exercises was the appear¬ visitors that came. Many came in pri¬ ance of two uniformed Knights who vate conveyances, one driving a distance stood on guard at the main entrance to of forty miles. This was A. G. Collins, the church. As members of Stiegel cashier of the bank at Shrewsbury, Pa. Castle, No. 166, Knights of the Golden He was accompanied by his sister, Miss Eagle, their presence in the capacity of Mary Collins. guards of the sacred edifice in which the beautiful ceremony was being performed, Mrs. E. M. Luther presented several fitly symbolized the duty of a Sir of Henry Drummond’s works to the Sun¬ Knight in the order named, guarding day-school library, during her stay here the Castle walls against the invasion of over Sunday. | intruders who might come to desecrate The many beautiful roses contributed the ceremonies within. A strange coin¬ were on Monday morning sent to the in- cidence too, that on the first visit of the ! mates of the General Hospitals at Lan- first Stiegel, in 1892, the same order, caster and Columbia, and the Norristown which bears the Baron’s name, was re¬ : Asylum. mmw presented in the celebration of the feast, and the same heir. John Calvin Stiegel, in 1775. He adhered to the cause of MANY THANKS. the Colonies at the breaking out of the At a special meeting of the executive Revolution, and made the opening committee of the Baron Stiegel Memo- rial Fond, Wednesday evening, a vote prayer at the First Congress, Septem¬ of thanks was tendered Professors Learn¬ ber 7, 1774. After reading a Psalm, he ed and Dubbs, and Bev. Thomas for concluded 'with an extempore invoca¬ their excellent addresses ; to the Stiegel tion of such fervency and patriotism heirs for their hearty co-operation; to that Congress gave him a vote of Mr. Andrew Carnegie for his generous thanks. He became Chaplain to Con¬ subscription to the Memorial Fund ; to gress and served three months. As the Prof. .Binkley for his admirable poem; war progressed, and when the British to Mrs. Binkley for her masterly recita¬ tion ; to Prof. U. H. Hershey for his occupied Philadelphia, he lost his cour¬ most excellent anthem, “The Queen of age and hope of the patriot cause. Flowers” ; to Mrs. Alice Stiegel Henkle, In October, 1777,he wrote his famous Miss Annie L, Boyer, Mrs. R. C. Lu¬ letter to General Washington, in which ther, Dr. E. K, Steckel, Mrs. Mary Ban- he implored the Father of his Country ! man, Mrs. D. Minich, Mrs. Henry Mil¬ to abandon the lost cause of the Colo¬ ler, and others for roses ; to J. Hay nies and to “represent to Congress the Brown, esq., for services rendered in the indispensable necessity of rescinding capacity of attorney for Stiegel heirs ; to Mr. Miller and his Sunday-school the hasty and ill-advised Declaration of class, of Lebanon, for attending in a Independence.” Washington at once body, also public school teachers of Leb¬ transmitted this long letter to Con¬ anon, conducted by Prof, Sam’l RiegeJ ; gress and from thence it quickly found to Hon. J. B. Livingston and the vast its way into the newspapers. The re¬ host of strangers for their presence and sult was a change in public sentiment interest manifested in the exercises, and towards Dr. Duche, and he retired to to the decorating committee, Miss Boyer and Mr. N. W. Long and assistants "for England, where he quickly acquired a the very appropriate decorations. reputation as an eloquent preacher. ! Meanwhile, his property in Pennsylva¬ nia was confiscated and he was pro¬ claimed a traitor. In 1790 he returned to the city of his birth in poor health From, ' | and died there in 1798. He wrote several works, among them J the “Caspipina Letters,” from which the following extracts are taken. They were published in Philadelphia in 1774 and at Bath, England, in 1777. He Date, f ^ was the master of a highly finished style in his sermons, and the prayer he wrote and used while the Chaplain to the Continental Congress is regarded as a model of that kind of composition. His pen name, “Tamoc Caspipina,” by using the letters in their regular order, was intended to signify “The Assist¬ ant Minister of Christ Church and St. YEARS AGO. m Peter’s, in Philadelphia, in North America.” Letters Containing Observa- These letters have an additional inter¬ tbe Monkish Brotherhood in est because they were dedicated “To the Honorable James Hamilton,” who was Half of the Last Cen- four times the Governor of the Pro¬ an Eminent Divine.* vince of Pennsylvania, anrl nearly con¬ nected with the Lancaster Hamiltons. The extracts here quoted have a de¬ the following letters cided value of their own, inasmuch as Jacob Duche, D. D., they throw new light on some points doth in Philadelphia, in 1737. He was in the history of the Ephrata Brother¬ a man of liberal education, and a hood, F. R. D.: ( graduate of the College of Philadel¬ phia (now the University of Pennsyl¬ The Letters. vania), and he also studied at the Uni¬ “The gentleman at whose house I am versity of Cambridge. He became the entertained is one of the people called S’ector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, Quakers, and a wealthy merchant in_ -*v other country.’ Their society, how¬ this city, to whom I had a letter from ever, at present seems to be upon the Mr. l-> of Bristol. In this good decline, not exceeding one hundred family, I am treated with the most imembers, though they have been here¬ cheerful hospitality; and my friend, tofore very numerous. Both men and without any parade of ceremony, or the ; Iwomen are dressed in white linen for common display of too officious civil- i the summer, and woollen for the win¬ ity, is a most sensible, polite and j ter season. Their habit is a kind of agreeable companion. The other day, (long coat or tunic reaching down to , while we were at breakfast, he pro¬ (the heels, having a sash or girdle posed a jaunt into the country for my round the waist, and a cap or hood amusement; and, without letting me hanging from the shoulders, not unlike , know what route he intended to take, (the di-ess- of the Dominican friars. The we set off on Wednesday last, with his ben do not shave the head or beard. Wife and daughter and an intimate ac¬ They are in general industrious, cheer¬ quaintance of the family. The car¬ ful and extremely sagacious. riage in which we traveled was neither How They Live. coach nor waggon, but something be¬ “The men and women have separate tween both; a kind of machine much habitations ana-distinct governments. used of late in this city, and very com¬ For these purposes they have erected modious for those who have large fam¬ two large wooden1 buildings, one of ilies, as it is constructed in such a which is occupied by the brethren, the manner as to accommodate six or other by the sisters of the society, and Ipight persons with ease and conve- , in each of them there is a banqueting nience. Indeed, use rather than ele¬ room and an apartment for public wor- gance is considered in its construction. I ship, for the men and women do not Reaches Lancaster. meet together even at their devotions. “We traveled through a thick set¬ The rest of the building is divided into tled and highly cultivated country, a great number of small closets, or beautifully variegated with hills com¬ rather cells, each affording just room manding extensive prospects, and enough to accommodate one person. vallies enriched with meadows, mills, Prevailing Customs. farm houses, and limpid streams of “They live chiefly upon roots and Water. At length, we arrived at Lan¬ other vegetables, the rules of their so¬ caster, a large and flourishing town, ciety not allowing flesh, except upon about sixty miles from hence. Its trade particular occasions, when they hold to this city is very considerable: But, what they call a Love Feast, at which qs it Is not situated on navigable time the brethren and sisters dine to¬ water, this trade is carried on by gether in a large apartment and eat means of large covered waggons,which mutton, but no other meat. No mem¬ travel in great numbers to Philadel¬ ber of the society is allowed a bed, but phia (sometimes, as I have been in¬ in case of sickness. In each of their formed, there being above one hundred in a company) carrying down the pro¬ ' little cells they have a bench fixed, to duce of the country, and returning I serve the purpose of a bed, and a small With all kinds of stores and merchan- | block of wood for a pillow. The Dunk- | ers allow of no intercourse betwixt the ,flise. “At Lancaster, we tarried but one brethren and sisters, not even by mar¬ night, and the next morning pursued riage. Nevertheless, some have broken our journey to Ephrata, or Dunker I through this restraint and ventured Town, as some call it, a small village j 1 upon the conjugal state. The married situated on a beautiful little river or ' persons, however, are no longer con¬ creek, in a most romantic and fre¬ sidered in full communion, or suffered quented vale. This village and the ad¬ to live under the same roof, nor in the joining lands are possessed by a relig¬ same village with the unmarried, but ious sect called Dunkers, whose prin¬ are obliged to remove to a place about ciples and manners are very singular. a mile distant,called Mount Sion. Tney They are for the most part Germans. continue, indeed, to wear the habit,and Their name, I am told, is taken from in other respects are deemed members their mode of baptizing their new con¬ of the society. verts, which is by dipping them in a I “The principal tenet of the Dunkers, river, as the Anabaptists do among us. I understand, is this: ‘That future hap¬ Certain it is that they took their rise piness is only to be obtained by pen- In this place about fifty years ago, and | ance apd outward mortifications in this did not, as a sect, emigrate from any i life, and that', as Jesus^CTBrlst, by HiiT -—--— ■- - • — pursue my narration. meritorious sufferings, became the re¬ deemer of mankind in general, so each Their Occupations. individual of the human race, by a life “Beside the two large buildings of abstinence and restraint, may work above mentioned the Dunkers have out his own salvation.’ Nay, they go several smaller ones, cniefly for the so far as to admit of works of super¬ purpose of manufactures. They carry erogation, and declare that a man may on several branches of business with do much more than he is in justice or great skill and industry. They have a equity obliged to do, and that his su¬ convenient oil mill, paper mill and perabundant works may, therefore, be printing press. They make parchment, * applied to the salvation of others. tan leather and manufacture linen and Seeking the Higher Life. woollen cloth, more than sufficient to “Thus do these poor people delude serve their own society. The sisters themselves with vain imaginations, are ingenious at making wax-tapers, seeking for that religious satisfaction in curious paper-lanthorns and various their external situation which is only kinds of paste-board boxes, which they to be found in the internal state of the sell to strangers who come to visit mind. Devout and happy dispositions them. They likewise amuse themselves of soul have indeed much less depen¬ with writing favorite texts of Scrip¬ dence upon outward circumstances ture in large letters curiously orna¬ than people in general imagine. Men mented with flowers and foliage. These foolishly neglect to attend to religious seem to be rather works of patience sensibilities, or to cultivate a spiritual than of genius. Several of them are framed and hung up to decorate their intercourse with the great Father of place of worship. Inclosed I send your Spirits; and then think to excuse them¬ Lordship a specimen of this writing, selves by lamenting their situation in which you may perhaps think worthy life as unfavorable to these purposes. of a place in your collection of foreign Those who earn their daily bread by the sweat of their brow are apt to im¬ curiosities. agine that, if they were in easy circum¬ ‘I shall at present remark but one . stances, they should have leisure to at¬ thing more with respect to the Dunk¬ ers, and that is the peculiarity of their tend to their eterngl concerns, but no music. Upon an hint given by my ; sooner does wealth increase than their friend the sisters invited us into tht ’ care and attention to it increase in pro¬ portion, and they find themselves more chapel, and, seating themselves in c der, began to sing one of their devoi and more embarrassed and less at leis¬ hymns. The music had little or no a; ure than ewer they had been. Others or melody, but consisted of simple,lonj think that by resolutely breaking off notes, combined in the richest har¬ from all intercourse with the rest of mony. The counter, treble, tenor and mankind, retiring into gloomy woods, bass were all sung by women with burying themselves, as Anchorites in sweet, shrill and small voices, but with caves, and denying themselves even the a truth and exactness in the time and innocent gratifications of nature, they intonation that was admirable. It is shall most assuredly recommend them¬ selves to the favour of Heaven, and impossible to describe to your Lordship my feelings upon this occasion. The strictly conform to the idea they have performers sat with their beads re¬ entertained of saints upon earth. But clined, their countenances solemn and they should consider, in the first place, that they attempt in vain to fly from dejected, their faces pale and emaci¬ ated from their manner of living, their their own evil dispositions, which will clothing exceeding white and quite pursue aud torment them in their closest retreats, and, in the second picturesque, and their music such as thrilled to the very soul.I almost place, that by retiring from the world began to think myself in the world of they lose the only opportunities they spirits, and that the objects before me can possibly have of calling forth a were ethereal. In short, the impression thousand tender sensibilities and ex¬ ercising a thousand tender offices of this scene made upon my mind con¬ sympathy, compassion, charity and tinued strong for many days, and I be¬ lieve will never be wholly obliterated. benevolences “By way of conc’uding this little nar¬ “Excuse, my Lord, this short digres¬ sion into which my subject has almost rative, I beg leave to transcribe a copy Involuntarily led me.I will now of verses, which P-r M-r, the Whether from golden altars they arise, present head of this society, put into And wrapt in sound and incense reach the skies; my hands, telling me tnat they were, Or from your Ephrata, so meek, so low, composed by a young gentleman of In soft and silent aspirations flow. Philadelphia some years ago in conse¬ “Oh! let the Christian bless that glorious quence of a visit he made him and a . day, conversation which then passed be¬ \Vhen outward forms shall all be done tween them. The sentiments are so away, catholic that I think your Lordship When we in spirit and in truth alone Shall bend, O God! before thy awful cannot but have some pleasure in the throne, perusal: And thou our purer worship shalt ap¬ “To P-r H——r. Principal of the prove Society of Dunkers at Ephrata. By sweet returns of everlasting love. "TH' Eternal God from his exalted throne Some With Different Views. Surveys at once earth, heav’n and worlds unknown: “One circumstance I had like to have All things that are before his piercing omitted in this account of Ephrata, eye which I would not wish to pass by un¬ Like the plain tracings of a picture lie; Unutter'd thoughts, deep in the heart noticed: There is an house in this conceal’d, village occupied by four or five breth¬ In strong expression stand to him re¬ ren, who for some years past have sep¬ veal'd ; arated themselves from the rest on ac¬ Thousands and twice ten thousands every day count, as it is said, of some difference To him or feign’d or real homage pay: with respect to their forms of discip¬ line and worship. I had a long con¬ “Like clouds of incense rolling to the skies, versation upon this subject with a ven¬ In various forms their supplications rise: erable old man, who is one of the or¬ Their various forms to him no access iginal proprietors or trustees of the j gain. estate. From him I found that a fur- j Without the heart's true incense, all are vain; ther acquaintance with the reality of The suppliants secret motives there ap¬ religion (as it takes its rise and pro- i pear gress in the heart of man and depends j The genuine source of every offer'd ! much less upon outward forms than | prayer. inward communications from the foun- j “Some place RELIGION on a throne tain of truth) was the sole cause of j superb. their separation. It was not, said the * And deck with jewels her resplendent garb; good man, that we were dissatisfied ' Painting and sculpture all their powers with their particular form, but that we display, had discovered the weakness and in¬ And lofty tapers shed a lambent ray. sufficiency of all forms, and were,there¬ High on the full-ton’d organ’s swelling' sound. fore, willing to anticipate in our own The pleasing anthtCm floats serenely practice that blessed perlo mans. German are, viz: i Peter, b. July 24, 1807. Lancaster in 1750. ii b. August 6, 1812. Judge Samuel W. Pcnnypacker.of the iii Jacob, b. March 5, 1815; d. Au¬ Court of Common Pleas of Philadel¬ gust 12, 1817. phia, several days ago sent me the fol¬ iv Samuel, b. October 16, 1818; d. lowing extract which he found in John September 19, 1831. Galt’s “Life and Times of Benjamin v Martin, b. March 27/1823; d. Sep¬ West, Esq., President of the Royal tember 13, 1824. Academy, of London,” a volume which The ancestor of Jacob Bricker was was published in Philadelphia, m 1816. Peter Bricker, the emigrant, who came It is found on page 47: from Germany to America on the ship “In the town of Lancaster, a place at “Pink Plaisance,” John Paret, master, that time (circa A. D., 1750) remark¬ landing at Philadelphia September 21, able for its wealth, and which had the 1 1732. He was born in Germany in the reputation of possessing the best and I year 1700, and was accompanied by most intelligent Society to be then his wife, Elizabeth Christina, born in found in America. It was chiefly in¬ the year 1703, and the following chil¬ habited by Germans, who, of all people, dren, Anna Barbara and Elizabeth. in the practice of Imigratinm carr^ Where he first located on his arrival along with them the greatest Stock 01 in America is unknown, but he pos¬ Knowledge and accomplishments. _ sibly located in one of the Lutheran settlements in the lower end of the State as he was a communicant m that * Paper read before the Lancaster denomination. Nine years after his lounty Historical Society on September [ 1898, by S. M. Sener, Esq. arrival in America he came to Lancap- + Paper read at the meeting of the Lan- L ter county, and settled on the east side • aster County Historical Society on Sep- | of the Cocalico Creek in what is now tmber 2. 1898. Prepared by J. W. Shaef- ] of Illinois.. _ 1 East Cocalico township. In the year * Prepared by E. W. S. Farthemorej 1741 he obtained by patent from the Esq., of Harrisburg, and read before th« proprietors of Pennsylvania a tract of Lancaster County Historical Society or between seven and eight hundred acres September 2, 1898. j 0f land. Eighteen years later, the year 1759, he erected a large sand stone ! house on his plantation which is stand- i ing to-day, and it is said to be “as good 1 as°new.” The house bears this inscrip¬ tion carved on a large sand stone which is not an unusual inscription on the buildings erected by our German ancestors a century and a half ago: “Gott gesegne dises haus ur.d alles da geget ein und aus; Gott gesegne ale sampt From, *4*.-. und dnr xn. das. .ganz" jan.t, . Gott alein die ehr, sonst keinem Mansohen mehr. Anno 1759 Jahrs. ^ . I p,3ter Bricker, Elizabeth Brickerin. ' The village of Brickervill-e in Eliza¬ beth township was laid out by one of Date, h:s descendants almost a century ago. | , Another of Peter’s descendants re- . | moved to Cumberland county at the j irf oMisir m- rJSxxsrx vanta. group of elderly Omish plltara ol tfie Church A Slot Of Strict Religion, Siri iijf)Ie forms an ideal Biblical picture, so'remarkable Ways, and are these faces for strength, purity and patri¬ Worldly Prosperity. archal resemblance. The Bishop has long C*urchtown, Pa., Oct. 8.—The theatre or [White hair, clean-shaven race uud throat beard His apparel is similar to that of the chip-eh hat makes no trouble at the religious other brethren. Beading of Scriptures. prav,.rs meetings of the Omish, the Dunkards. and the I anm\sermons are in the Pennsylvania German’ Mennonites. so thickly settled in this part of J. he preparatory service is a very strict cere¬ mony, involving investigation of character and eastern Pennsylvania. Babies, little girls, big Rtnncstanding. infr AllA members in^ good„, i standing’'must... ^ girls and women all wear caps. The black silk vpartake ,7 r- otc the. sacrament. Tow uube fitted lor tinsthis hoods are taken off and hung up in the vesti¬ each member must arise at the preparatory service and declare his fitness, that ho has re¬ bules of the meeting house. The women and pented of his sins, is heartily sorry for his mis¬ girls sit on one side and the men on the other. doings forgives every one who has sinned''’ The caps are of thin white material, snug fit¬ against him, and asks lor forgiveness from those he has sinned against. If any one in tlie ting, doubled and creased once on the back, congregation has a charge to make against anv with a small ruffle in front, and are severely one else, or is unsatisfied with a brother’s state-' plain all the way through. All caps are made &&& arise and state his grievances on the same pattern for young and old. No an dithereW t0 a satisfaotory adjustment then woman can look at another’s cap and think After the communion service.as well as after that it is higher priced or better than her own. any other service, all present partake of the farmer s hospitality Hot coffee, cold roast There is no millinery envy, and no one sitting beet and other meats, substantial bread and behind a sister can oomplain of an obstructed good sweet butter, pickles, cold bam, cold view of the pulpit. tongue, pies, cakes and fruit are served The ceremony and entertainment last from 9AM So with the gowns of the women and girl3. until into 1 M. bubsequently the men meet All are severely plain, of dark green, brown, together, chat overcrops and cattle, and the gray or black. The gowns are made as they women folk gossip over domestic affairs until it is time to go home. were fashioned a century ago. A black silk The same ceremony followed at the farm¬ handkerchief serves for a shoulder cape, Y- house goes on at the meeting house, executing shaped, front and back. No gloves are seen. the serving of the meal. The Omish divided on this account. Home wanted a meeting house The little girls are as plainly gowned. Occa¬ and others wanted the old custom. Many of sionally a child may be seen in a purple or lav¬ tne meeting house supporters were of that ender dress. Some of the boys have purple suits. leaning because they could not afford to have a meeting at their homes and did not wish to The men all wear wide-brimmed black wool accept entertainment unless they could return hats. The hats are hung up upon a standing it. Home who could afford it thought a meeting rack in the vestibule. Their garments are all house was proper for all concerned; they said times were changing and the Omish custom made by the tailor of their sect, without but¬ siiould change also. The result was that those tons. Hooks and eyes are used, and there are who had large farm* kept together and main¬ no collars to coats or waistcoats. The hair is tain the house worship, while the others built meeting houses. Homo Dunkards and Mennon- worn long summer and winter, and cut off ites have meeting houses witli kitchens and squarely behind, exposing very little of the dining rooms attached, and serve bountiful neck. Throat beards are worn among the old meals upon all important occasions During these reaping days the harvest ser¬ men. chin whiskers among the middle aged, mons aro ve.ry important, the prayers being but moustaches never. Just us earnest and devout with wheat at U.s To-morrow is communion Sunday among the as S’hen V w.as S1.3H last year about this time. Borne Omish farmers who Omish. Last Sunday was preparatory service. never sell wheat until a certain time refused The Omish are of two kinds, one branch still last year $1.50 for their wheat and held it until keeping up the old custom of meeting at farm¬ their regular season for selling and got onlv 95 cents. They have their regular set ways in houses, as was done hundreds of years ago, , meeting and m business. before churches were built in America. Omish I Preachers or Bishops are chosen from farmers and their families come driving for | among the congregation. When there is a vacancy the names of the candidates are placed miles to meeting. All their vehicles are of the in so many Bibles. One Bible is drawn and same pattern—an ordinary spring wagon, top the name it contains is that of the Bishop or covered with gray or drab cloth, and drawn by preacher. At other places a slip of paper is put into one of the Bihies and the Billies are dis¬ a strong horse with farm harness. No whip is tributed. Whoever draws the Bible with the shown. Arriving at the farm where Sunday paper m it is the chosen one. The man chosen meeting is to be held a half dozen men are prepares himself for a discourse once every two weeks. He is generally an Oaiishmaa. ready to assist to unhitch and feed the horses. well grounded in the faith; a man of' The wagons stand in a row and the horses are good common sense; honest, industri- stalled in the large and commodious sta¬ ous and possessing a thorough knowl- bles in the double-decker barns owned enge of the Bible. His sermons are not by these patient and industrious farm¬ metaphysical of course, but consist of ers. In the farmhouse ample preparations

-.J Haipf- to undergo, and was proved! innocent". A mghTy known and converted. This is also rule in the admission of women. It is very member of the church had been suddenly are that outriders are taken into the fold, ow¬ prostrated with illness of a kind to which the ing to the striotnossof the requirements. They rude doctors of that isolated locality could not never go to law. take no part in local elections, give a Dame, and it was at last decided that have no desire for local political affairs, but in national questions or in Presidential elections the patient was bewitched. The patient was the}- have considerable concern. They avoid a woman. For some reason she declared her local contests, not desiring to have the ill will belief that this friend of my grandmother, of any faction. Their great object is to offend no one. ---- who was an old woman, and a member of the V. q C v’C v L X Cc l \ V same church, was the witch that had pur the evil spell upon her. The church was of a de¬ nomination known as the Christians, and at a meeting of its officers it was decided that the From, C" . woman accused of witchcraft should submit to two tests, which it was believed were infallible. One was to step over a broomstick, which it was said no witch could do. The other was to place the accused in one side of a pair of scales with a Bible iD the other side; if she were a witch the Bible would overbalance her weight. Date?- f f f b The accused woman stepped over the broom¬ stick easily. She was then taken to the old gristmillTand put to the test of .her weight against the Bible, and it resulted emphatical¬ ly in her favor. Thus, her innocence being 'A LAND OF WITCHES STILL; clearly established, tne charge against her was dismissed by the church. This, to be sure, was more than fifty years ago. You might MIXTURE OF QUALITIES IX THE VENN- say such ant exhibition'of medieval supersti¬ tion would not be! possible in an enlightened STLFAXIA GERMANS. community to-day, but I know better.) For instance, what would you think of a man They Believe in Witchcraft, Keep Fortunes bringing suit against his mother to recover in Old Stockings and Coffee Pots, Are Ad¬ damages for a dog, which he charged her with herents of Gen. Jackson, Practiced the having killed by witchcraft, and not only Boycott Long Ago, and Are Happy, Pros¬ bringing suit, but getting a judgment from a Justice of the Peace? That very thing came perous, Contented and lleligious. to pass, not more than ten years ago, not far “To one who has never lived or been much from Reinholdsville. in Lancaster countv. The among that odd and interesting people known man was a well-to-do farmer. His mother as the Pennsylvania Dutch,” said a resident was a woman over 70, and had the reputation of this city who is himself of Pennsylvania , of being a witch, a reputation that had caused German ancestry, "the story in Thi: Sun the her family to abandon her. She lived alone in a other day about Pennsylvania witchcraft may small cabin. Her sonTcharged in his complaint seem incredible, but any one who has enjoyed before the Justice that she had placed his dog the confidence of these people, which is no*.1 under a spell and refused to remove it unless readily given to a stranger, knows that there he paid her $5. He refused to pay, and the are facts abundant in any of the counties dog ran about in a circle until it died. where the Pennsylvania Dutch population pre¬ "At the trial of the lawsuit a large number dominates to provide material for even much of witnesses testified as to their experience stranger illustrations of the still prevalent with witchcraft, and only one said he had belief in witchcraft. I can remember the never had a friend or relative bewitched. One bundle of hazel switches my good old grand¬ witness for the plaintiff swore that he had re¬ mother kept always at hand ro lash her churn fused to comply with the defendant’s reauest with when the butter was tardy about com¬ not to be a witness for her son. and since the - _ ing. The tardiness was ascribed to the fact his well had run dry, liis cows gave bloo> that the churn was bewitched, and the casti- ! milk and hi=rthree-months-old baby, which-'- gation with the hazel switches was to drive had been fat and healthy, had grown so puny the witches away from the churn, hazel pos¬ that it was feared it would soon die. The sessing a spell the witches could not with¬ mother of the plaintiff, seeing the strong case stand. That. wasTmany years ago. but I can against her, confessed that she had bewitched go to-day to a score of farmhouses In that lo¬ the dog and the Justice awarded the son $3 cality where the hazel switch is kept for the and the costs of the suit. same purpose, the witches being just as pestif¬ "That instance is hardly so incredible as the erous now as they were in my grandmother’s case of William Kildey’s daughter and Mrs. day, and the charm of the hazel switch being Boyer, which i« so recent that children in the just as potent. At least, so the superstitious locality remember it well. It occurred iu farmers’ wives and daughters firmly believe, DauDhin county, where the capital city of the just as their grandmothers aud great-grand¬ Keystone State is situated, and not many miles mothers believed. from that city, in the Stony Creek Valley. Wil¬ "I can remember the unbounded joy of that liam Kildey was a well-known Susquehanna same good old grandmother of mine when a River pilot and he believed in witchcraft. His frieud of hers, who was charged with being a i daughter Emma fell ill. She had convulsions. witch, stood the! tests the church ordered her | . J *

during which she barked like a dog. made! their superstitious neighbors became more noises like cats fighting and talked high Ger-' than they could bear, and they moved away, man. a language she knew nothing about in and the case never came (o trial. What the her natural state. For three years physicians effect of their removal on the bewitched girl tried to cure her without success. Then one was I have never heard. day. during a rational interval, she told her "But outside and apart from their super¬ father that the day she was taken ill she had ' stitious belief in witches, spooks, charms, refused to let a young man, whom she named, speils, and the like, there is not a more curious go home with her from Sunday school The people under the sun than these same Penn¬ | refusal had angered fhim and he swore that sylvania Dutch farmers. They are not Dutch, he would give her over to old Mrs. Boyer and by the way. Their ancestors came from north¬ she mrald die. That night her strange illness ern Germany and Switzerland. Their lan¬ came upon her. guage is not a laneuage at all. but a dialect, "Old Mrs. Boyer vas the wife of an indus¬ made from a quaint mingling of German. ! trious and respectable German of the neigh¬ English and other languages, all the words borhood. where they had lived many years more of less ertailed and corrupted in the When Kildey heard his daughter’s story he at adaptation. Their forefathers were the pio¬ once consulted a witch doctor named Wolf neer settlers in the region now included in who powwowed over the girl and declared Bucks, Montgomery, Berks. Lancaster. Leb¬ that she was bewitched. A half; sister of th* anon. Northampton. Lehigh and Monroe gin declared that Wolf showed her a likeness i counties. The sons foster the superstitions of of the witch in a basin of water and it was that the fathers and cling to their odd customs, an¬ of old Mrs. Boyer. Kildey then consulted tipathies and traditions. I can remember when Armstrong McClain, a travelling witch doctor very few of the Pennsylvania Dutch farm¬ -for these gentry And plenty of custom ers would trust a dollar to a bank, regard¬ among the Pennsylvania Butch farmers. Mc¬ ing hanks with the utmost suspicion, aud there Clain burned some hair on a shovel and fold are many of them to-day who hold that same Kildey that if he did not meet a brindle cow distrust of banks, and store the annual re¬ on his way home his daughter would be re¬ turns from their splendid farms where their lieved of the witch’s sped by sundown. He wealth may be constantly under their eyes. said the witch was Mrs. Boyer. Kilder did They make the stocking, the salt bag, the old not meet a brindle cow/and he reported that coffee pot, and the like the depositories of his daughter got better at sundown She was their hoards. Only a few weeks ago a well- well for some time, hut had occasional re- known Pennsylvania Dutch farmer died, and j ‘afPS,ef'„rhlCh Were char£:ed to the tormenting from different parts of his house, stowed away I of old Mrs. Boyer. After a while the girl be¬ j in just such receptacles, more than'$40,000 came worse than ever. McClain was sent for to come and lay the witch. He came He in gold, silver and bank notes was taken by his famliy. That this large sum of money was Placed a quantity of roots and herbs in a bottle, I thus lying about the house was no secret to the sprinkled a white powder on them and filled the bottle with water. Then he asked for an family, and its uncovering caused no great 'old hammer. That being brought, lie took it comment among the neighbors. All seemed lout of doors and remained there a quarter of to approve of the farmer’s way of taking care tn hour or so. Returning, lie walked to the of his wealth. His father and grandfather had I done the same before him. patient’s side. Drawing the hammer back as " strike a powerful blow, he said: "Before the civil war the old Dutch farmers " 'N'ow I’ll kill the witch, old JftiwBoyer.’ held to the custom of their fathers which He brought the hammer down gently prompted them never to refuse to extend pe¬ against the girl's right'temple three times. cuniary aid to another, and that without ex¬ I hen he threw the hammer outdoors and said acting written obligations or interest. If one to Mrs. Kildey: , farmer needed money he made hi? need 1 known to any neighbor who he knew had the I If your cow kicks when you milk her to- ' night, be sure and don’t scold; her. because money to spare. The loan would be at once that s what the witches want you to do. for it forthcoming, the borrower naming a certain will break the charm I have put against them. ; day on which the money was to be repaid. If Mrs. Boyer will die in seven days. When they lie failed to keep his word he was forever in 1 bury her the coffiD will burst open.’ disgrace and no one was bound thereafter to "These proceedings at last so annoyed the respond to any request of his for aid. Default iBoyer family that John Boyer, a son, swore out in payment of these unsecured and unr ■ a warrant for McClain and others on the numerated loans was very rare, so sacred charge of defamation of character, and it wa« was the.verbal contract Iheld and kept. Th at the hearing in that case before the Justice j scarcity of moDey that came with the early of the Peace at Fishing Creek that the story 1 years of the war and the premium that gold have told was brought out in sworn testimony j commanded sent speculators through the The Justice bound McClain and the others Pennsylvania Dutch farming regions. They ^ver to appear for trial at the Dauphin county I were not long in arousing the cupidity of the court at Harrisburg, but before the case could farmers, and the farmers, for the first time, oe heard, the Kildey girl still persisting that began to realize profit from the use of their i8h® was being tormented by old Mrs. Boyer, money. Then the old custom of helping on* the persecutions of the^German family by another without return for the favor gradually ceased to prevail among them, and the bond and mortgage took its place. As these farm¬ ers, as a class, are seldom in need of borrow¬ ing, and are suspicious of outsiders in making by local taxation was made compulsory, and .i stockings and coffee Dots may be further the taxpayers of Brecknock mobbed the tax explained. collectors who first attempted to collect the "In the early days of politics in Pennsyl¬ tax, and do money could be raised to support vania the Pennsylvania Dutch farmers, with a school. There were a few friends of the new the exception of those in Lancaster county, school I svstem in the township, and they were Democrats of the Jackson school, and opcnedla school at Bowansville. The teacher their descendants in the Delaware River coun¬ was! a son of the Lutheran preacher at Bow- ties of Ducks, Berks, Northampton and Mod- mansville. He had a dozen pupils. One day roe still cling to that robust political faith. I the anti-school people of the township raided They opposed the civil war stoutly, and those the schoolhouse, captured it, and threw the counties, during the first two years of the war. teacher out of the window. Daniel Sensenig, were looked upon by outsiders as hotbeds of a Mennonite but a friend and advocate of pub¬ disloyalty. But it was not disloyalty. It was lic schools, had twenty of the rioters arrested the stubborn Pennsylvania Dutch fealty to and marched to Lancaster, where they were their idea of Democracy that led them to op¬ tried on charges of conspiracy and riot. The pose the war, and it is no uncommon thing to defendants were let off on paying heavy costs find a stanch old States’ Rights Democrat and promising to respect the law. | among them yet, who will insist vieorouslylthat l “Samuel Bowman kept the village store. He the war was all wrong and utterly at variance was a leader among the few who were in favor with the Constitution. It is an old story of the school and the law establishing it. The that many of these dwellers in tradition vote I farmers held a meeting, which was attended for Gen. Jackson to this day. The war did alike by Metmonites and Lutherans, and re¬ much toward dispelling traditions and chang¬ solved neither to buy supplies of cor to sell ing customs among the Pennsylvania Dutch produce to Samuel Bowman, who depended who dwelt in towns and cities, but if you go entirely on the farmers of the neighborhood among them in the ’way-back districts, where I for his trade. The Lutheran opponents of the the farms are isolated and the farmers mingle [ seliocl system resolved not to attend their only with their fellows similarly situated, you church nor to contribute to their pastor’s sal¬ will find thorn still firm believers in spooks, ary because the pastor’s son had taught the witches, and charms and still strong in their School. The Meunonite Church disciplined 'doubt.about the necessity of common schools. Daniel Sensenig for his part in favor of the "That doubt is an honest heritage, for when school, as he had violated a rule of the Church 'the commonTschool system was first pro¬ by seeking the intervention of the courts in posed two generations and more ago. although i the trouble, it being forbidden by Mennonite | it was the scheme of a Governor who was him¬ ! doctrine to go to law. The farmers drove past self a genuine Pennsylvania Dutchman, and ' Bowman’s store to one miles beyond to do was supported by Pennsylvania Dutch legisla¬ | their trading, and his business came to a j tors. the farmers wore almost a unit in oppos¬ | standstill. The Lutheran minister found ing it. After it was authorized and pre¬ j empty pews confronting him and his meagre scribed by law. its machinery in many of the stipend was not forthcoming The families of Pennsylvania Dutch counties passed neces¬ Bowman and the preacher and Sensenig and sarily into the control of its opponents, and it of the few others who had favored the school fared ill. In Lancaster county such was the were placed under the ban and not recognized fierceness with which the introduction of the socially or in any other way, which left them common school system was resisted that it led l virtually isolated in the township. But the to e>pen defiance of the law. and also to the handful ot iriends of common schools per-' first instance on record of boycotting. This sisted in establishing a school in spite of the i happened before the man who gave that meth- loss and annoyance they were subjected to I od of coercion! a name was born. The great daily. The boycott was maintained for weeks, j 1 majority of the Pennsylvania Dutch of Lan¬ when the boycotters gradually became dis¬ caster county were and are adherents of pe¬ couraged and indifferent and finally one by I culiar religious doctrines, the Mennonitelsect one resumed their former relations with the having the largest following. They, in com- boycotted and became reconciled to the new I mon with most of the Pennsylvania Duteh.aid order of things. But the boycott almost ruined not believe in book learning. When a boy Bowman and came near breaking up the learned to lead German and write his name he Lutheran Church in the village. Many old- was regarded as completely fitted for all pur¬ time Pennsylvania Dutch farmers have not yet I poses in life. As to a girl, it made no differ¬ modified their views against the common I ence whether she learned to write her name schools and refuse to accept their benefits. or not. ability to read her German Bible be¬ "A peculiarity about this people is that hun- ing all that was required of her. These ac¬ d reds of (hem who are able to read German can- complishments were taught by some oue in not speak it or understand it when it is spoken. ! the community who was not able to do man- They can converse only in their own nonde¬ ! ual labor, teaching being considered a waste script dialect. There are people in the Penn- j i bf time if a person could do other work. s.vlvania Dutch counties whose parents and "When the Common School law was first I krandparents were born there and whQ cannot passed in Pennsylvania the inhabitants of speak a word of English to this day. Half the j Brecknock township. Lancaster county, and , schoolteachers in these counties are proficient of other townships as well, refused to accept I in* the dialect, and. while teaching their pu- it. A few years later, because of this resist¬ / pils English, converse almost invariably with

ance to schools on the part of tne Pennsylva¬ j them in Pennsylvania Dutch. It would be nia Dutch, the maintenance of public schools I something for a native of Berks or jpjoks or working "in the fields the same as the men- Lebanon or *Lehi5h To pause and be amazed not only hoeing or harvesting, but following a at if.- in passing a country schoolliouse, he plough. Many a domestic servant in town should hear at recess the children speaking in families is the daughter of a farmer rich English to one auother. Berks and Lancas¬ enough to buy her employer over and over ter counties join one another. The prepon¬ again. I have a friend who nas as a kitchen derance of the population in each is Pennsyl¬ servant in his family the da.ughter of a Lehigh vania Dutch. Largely their interests and county Pennsylvania Dutch farmer worth $40.- methods of living are the same. Berks coun¬ 000 if he is worth a cent. ty may be safely counted upon for a Demo¬ "Probably nowhere are the social pastimes cratic majority well up in the thousands. Lan¬ of the fathers preserved aod indulged in to caster county may just as safely be depended j such an extent as among the Pennsylvania : ur*>n for a Republican majority well up in the Dutch. The apple-cut. the corn husking, the j thousands. Just why an imaginary line quilting bee, the old-fashioned countLV dame drawn between a family of, say Brubachers. furnish amusement and recreation to the bux- ! on one side of it and a family of Brubachers om maiden and the swains of these people to¬ on the other side of it should make of one un¬ day as they did to those of a century ago-that compromising Democrats and of the other ! is, excepting the Mennonite. Amish and Dun- just as uncompromising Republicans, no one kards. Those pious branches of the Pennsvl- has yet been able to find out. It is one of the 1 vaDia Dutch do not indulge in such dissipa¬ peculiarities of the Pennsylvania Dutch. tions, as it would place them forever out of the "The Pennsylvania Dutchman of the old pale of their church. A baptism, a love feast, school has a holy horror of lawyers, especially or a funeral is the only recreation or pastime if*he is a witness and on cross-examination, they are permitted to enjoy. A Pennsylvania and he invariably will insist on giving his tes¬ Dutch dance is kept up from early evening un¬ timony in his own language, although it may til daylight. There is no going to bed after a be that he is sufficiently familiar with Eng¬ dance. The women go at once to their house¬ lish to testify in it. If you should ask him hold duties and the men to their labors in the why he is so averse to testifying in English fields, the same as if they had slept as usual, he will very likely reply: according to t he custom of their fathers.. Work, " 'Yaw. shust du. in Deutsch koenne die indoor and out. begins as soon as it is light verdolt lawyer? mich net fange. aber des ver- enough to see. and continues until it is too doit English bottert mich.’ Which means: dark to see, winter and summer. “Yes. you see. in German these danged law¬ “The Pennsylvania Dutch farmer is as honest yers can’t catch me, but their danged English as the day is long, and is most close-fisted and bothers me.’ ‘Danged’ is a favorite byword exacting in a bargain. Driving long distances with the Pennsylvania Dutch, who are little to market, he will haggle over a dime in a bar¬ given to profanity. gain that may involve a hundred dollars’ worth "One characteristic of this peculiar people is of produce, and if assured that by going on half their regard for and strictness in attendance at a dozen miles or so he will be able to sell his church, and the requirement of it from all in goods and get that dime, he will not hesitate the household. No matter how far the near¬ to make the tourney. The extra time and la¬ est church may be away, the farmer and his bor he does not stop to take into account. The family never miss a Sunday’s service. A man old-time Pennsylvania Dutch families dis¬ may get drunk, lie. cheat, or offend against courage and disapprove of marriage that will law and morals in other ways and be forgiven, destroy the race purity of their blood, hence but if he neglects his church he is at once marriages with outside people are not fre¬ placed under the ban of Pennsylvania Dutch quent. This accounts for the remarkable society. Thev are proud of their piety, these preservation of the language, the Customs, and people, and they adhere closely to old forms. ' the traditions of their forebears among these Theylare the severest of Protestants. Politi¬ people, surrounded as they are to-day by in¬ cians understand and use this love of church fluences of the highest modern thought and among these farmers, and a candidate who example. But. notwithstanding their exclu¬ goes among them and makes ostentatious siveness, their tenacious adherence to ideas of show of his church connections and is able to ; a century ago and stubborn resistance to those quote freely from the Scriptures may capture of to-day,'the lessons in industry, integrity, the hearts and votes of the simple-minded thrift and thoroughness which they have given Germans. They are easily hoodwinked in have had a most beneficial influence not only local1 politics. Fondness for 'der guta alta in the particular region which they have de¬ Deutsoh weg.’ the good old German wav. is veloped Tbut throughout the country as well, the same wherever you may find the Pennsyl¬ and our land is a hundredfold the better for vania Dutch. So strongly are they wedded to their presence.” it that more than one Lutheran church • among them rigidly adheres to a provision in ] r j_1 — ' ' - , I ;he church constitution, adopted a century and PENNSYLVANIA DITCH. \a quarteraeo.;wliich says that ‘the preaching (for tips congregation''.shall be done in the To the Editor of The Evening Post: i Gernpan language so long as grass grows and Sir: While at the Moravian boarding- ' water flows.’ school at Gnadenberg, in Silesia, my brother i "Flom the earliest days of the Pennsylvania attended the University at Berlin for a win¬ j Dutck farmers they have regarded menial ser- ter. Then he spent two years at Heidelberg • 'vice as the duty of their women. It is by no means a a uncommon sight in passing through before I met him again. It was amusing to ! the hick farming districts to see the women ' me to hear him speak German, as he had en- “Friday, June 25 th (1762). Mr .y changed his intonation and expression Rchwerdfeger, pastor at Conestoga, am proved conclusively that there is a vast Mr. Gerocke, pastor at Lancaster, ar difference between Badenese and Prussian rived and were -shown to the house of German, and that even foreigners are influ¬ e friend for entertainment. Further, enced by it. So it is with the German spoken Mr. Stiegel, as Deputy from Elizabeth in Pennsylvania, which, although now inter¬ Eisenwerke (Iron Works), where Pas¬ mixed with English, can at once be recogniz¬ tor Kurtz has a congregation.” ed as originating in the Palatinate, whence This entry shows us who was pastor the first settlers emigrated. My friend, Se¬ of the churoh in Warwick in 1762. This nator William Beidelman, who has made a shows us, also, the relation of the con¬ study of Pennsylvania German (erroneously gregation to the Ministerium, at whose but generally called “Dutch”), tells me that annual meeting, in 1762, it was repre¬ when listening to men or women in the sented by Heinrich Wilhelm Stiegel. streets of Heidelberg, Worms, and Speier How long Pastor Kurtz officiated talking to each other, he could imagine him here does not appear. Rev. J. Nicolas self among his farmer friends in Northamp Kurtz was pastor of ChristChurch, Tul- ton County or anywhere in this neighbor¬ pehocken, at Nord Kiel (Bemville), at) hood. The most successful writer in Penn¬ Heidelberg (Corner Church), at Ato’' sylvania “Dutch” at this time is Edward hoe (Rehrersburg), and of Riettj Ebermann, whose “Danny Kratzer” annual Church, near Christ Church. He wt Christmas letters in the Bethlehem (Pa..) Bul¬ ordained at the first meeting of tr letin retain the patois in its pristine purity.' Ministerium of Pennsylvania, Augus Mr. Ebermann also understands how to enter 1748. He left Tulpehocken in 1770, an< thoroughly into the spirit and mode of ex¬ was pastor at York, Pa He died Mai pression natural to those of our people who 12, 1794, aged 74 years, and was buriec keep up the Pennsylvania “Dutch.” For the at Baltimore, Md. He was President student of philology his letters are very in¬ of the Ministerium in 1778,and also th- teresting and amusing. Senior of the Ministerium after ta Armin de Bonneheur. death of Muhlenberg. His younge Bethj.ehem, Pa., December 17. brother, Wilhelm Kurtz, became b r assistant about 1760 or ’61, and becar the pastor of New Holland and Co estoga (Muddy Creek) about 1763, a. was pastor for eighteen years. From, That there was trouble in Ws wick Church before 1769 appears ej dent from the minutes of the Min'iu-. fcL-Ci C 7, terium of Pennsylvania, which met in .0. Philadelphia, June 25-27, 1769. At this meeting Rev. Johann Casper Stoever, Datp£ipj:£: III who had become a member of the Min¬ isterium in 1763, was present. The so- called preacher, Peter Mischler, was -a /re/--/ t — a present and applied for admission into\ the Ministerium. He was invited to) r appear before the Synod. Pastor Stoe-l , AN OLD CHURCH. ver stated that in the fall of 1768 he| had warned Mischler to have nothing- BRICKERYILLE LUTHERAN CONGREGATION to do with factious congregations, i Notwithstanding the warning he had) given him, he had sided with revolting The Story of One of the Oldest Church parties in Nord Kiel, in the church for¬ Organizations in Lancaster County. merly in the hands of Moravians in Tulpehocken and in Heidelberg. That Its Fortunes and Misfortunes Dur¬ he had also crept into the Warwick ing a Period of 168 Years.* congregation and caused a split—yes, even recently had a boy break through a window, open the church door andl Another record in the Halle Re¬ entered it with his party to hold so- ports, N. E., vol. 2, page 406, is like¬ called worship, although he knew that wise of special interest to the people the elders and deacons in Warwick , of the Warwick congregation. Patri¬ congregation had applied to the United arch Muhlenberg entered in his diary, Ministerium and had several times^ with reference to the arrival of minis¬ been served from Lancaster. Mischler/ ters, who came to Philadelphia to at- - -i the meeting of the Minister mm. I had nothing to produce in his defense George Schmidt, Henrich Wolff, George but replied he would give up the said Weidman, Michael Stober, Frederick congregations if theMinisterium would Waechter, Michael Zartman, Johannes receive him. It was ordered that he Waechter, Michael Klein, Alexander be examined on the same day The Zartman, Jr., Frederick Hacker,Eman¬ i minutes give an extended account of uel Zardman, Conrad Barthelmos the examination of the applicant,which George Illig, Jun’r, John W. Sauter’ showed that he was not worthy of re¬ I Leonhard Miller, Jun’r, George Hack¬ ception. He was not received as a er, Johannes Brecht. member of the Ministerium, and was J The first church book contains the warned by the President that if he following important entry on page 3- continued to let himself be used by “Sind erwehlet worden als Trustees satan and his followers as a. wretched Mr. Henry William Stiegel, Jacob tool the authorities in Lancaster would Weidman, Adam Hacker, and Peter bring him and his adherents before the Eltzer, October the 1st, 1769. In Geg- Justice for breaking into the Warwick enwart der Gemeinde and der meisten church, and then the Protocoil would Efcime; die Kauf Briefe sind dem Herr serve against him and help to hasten Stiegel zur sorgfaeltigen Verwarung his ruin. He promised that he would hgegeben wurden.” in the future have nothing to do with j TESrshowsTfiat tne Trustees were the parties in Warwick, Heidelberg- ! elected October 1st, 1769; their names town (Schaefferstown) and Tulpe- | follow in regular order in signatures hocken. He departed and wept before ' to the Constitution, December 24th, the door. 1769. The name of Peter Elser is The presentation of this matter erased in the second church book and contained in the minutes of the Minis¬ the name of Michael Huber is written terium shows that Warwick congrega¬ aside of it. Peter Elser resigned as tion had great trials before 1769, in Trustee on the 5th S. P. T., 1772, and which year the congregation took ’ac- Michael Huber was elected Trustee. , tion that promised a brighter future The Constitution was signed by F. for the same. A. C. Muhlenberg, p. t., pastor loci, The second church book of the Dec. 1st, 1770, and J. D. Schroeter, p. t., Warwick congregation has the follow¬ pastor loci, June 1st, 1779. ing title: From these records we learn that Kirchen Protocol! fur die Evangel- the new church hook was commenced lsch Lutherische Gemeinde in Warwick September 10, 1769. Trustees were Township, Lancaster County. Ange- elected October 1, 1769. The Constitu¬ fangen den 10 Septembris, Anno Dom¬ tion was adopted December 24th, 1769. ini, 1769.” The pastor of the congregation in On pages 3-8 of this second church the latter part of 1769 was Daniel hook we find the Constitution of the Kuhn. He was pastor only for a short congregation with Chapter I. of the time, for, in June, 1769, he was at the j government of the congregation, and meeting of Synod, and New York was Chapter II. of the members of the con¬ given as his residence. While author¬ gregation. ized to preach he was not yet ordained, i The Constitution was adopted and His father, Adam Simon Kuhn, resid¬ Signed in Warwick, December 24, 1769 ed at Lancaster, Pa, At the meeting The names that were signed are the of Synod in 1770 Mr. Kuhn, at his own following: request, was allowed to retain Middle- Daniel Kuhn,P. T. P.; Heinrich Wm. town alone. He died in or before Stiegel, Jacob Weydtman, Michael 1779. (H. R. N. E., vol. 1, page 629.) I Huber, Adam Hacker, Johannes Weydt- The congregation in Warwick, with | man, Valentine Stober, Emanuel Suess Manheim and Weiseichenland, desired I Peter Merkle, George Stober, Andreas a preacher. No definite answer could i Seyss, George Michael Balmer Fred- be given by Synod concerning the sup¬ ! *rick Stiess>Micbael Laidich, Johannes ply of the four congregations, “Schaef¬ Karch, Phillip Enders, Petter Hoetze’ ferstown, Warwick, Manheim and j Jerch Balmer, George Michel im* ' Weiseichenland,” on account of the Michael Huber, Frid. Grab, Johan Hu¬ scarcity of laborers. ber, George Eichelberger, George The record of the congregation ; Waechter Alteste, Christoff Hauer Cun- shows that Rev. F. A. C. Muhlenberg rath Mentzer,Christoff Weidman.Leon- son of Patriarch Muhlenberg, ordained , hard Miller, Christoph Miller, Jacob in 1770, became the pastor of the i Muller, George Weinman, Veit Metz¬ Warwick congregation on December 1 ger, Lorentz Haushaiter, George Lang, 1770. .oCon3| church book contains, .as the Constitution, subscribjed schenken mit dem Vorbehalt dasz | December 24, 1769, the minutes of the wenn sie etwjas ziehen er bestimmen ! congregation from 1769 to 1869—one will auf wclche Art es zum besten der j hundred years. Kirche, mit Bewilligung des Kirchen- The third church book, commenced raths soli angewendet werden. December, 177Q, has the following title: Die numbej-s von den Tickets sind I “Erneuertes Kirchen Such der Evan- foglende: 1847, 1848, 3076, 3077, 4283, gelisch Lutherischen.Gemeinde zu War¬ 4646, 2694, 27^4, 4416, 4182, 2709, 4545, wick, Lancaster county.” 3078 ( 4757, 3)97, 1986, 4785, 4746, 4385, Worin . . 4549, 3240, 2056, 2672, 2713, 2126. 1. Die Getauften, Pagina. 1 F. A. C. MUHLENBERG. 2. Die Confirmanten. 138 The second church book contains 3. Die Ccpulirten. 206 the following entry: 4. Die Communic-anten.272 “Anno 1774. Dieses Jahr wurden 5. Die Begrabenen.351 wir vom Herr Helmuth aus Lancaster Gehoerig eingetragen sind. Aufs neu bedient bis Mai.” ordentlich angefangen vom jahr 1770, During Pastor Helmuth’s supply of im Monath December. the congregation 11 baptisms were re¬ Von F. Aj C. MUHLENBERG, corded. In the year 1774 139 communi¬ Zur Zeit Prediger allhier. cants’ names' were recorded. After Not.—Die Kirchen ordnung nebst Pastor Helmuth’s cessation of labor 16 den Nahmen der Trustees, Aeltesten more baptisms and one burial were re¬ und Vorsteher siehe im andern Kirchen corded in 1774. Buch. The next entry in the second church In this third church book, baptism, book is as follows: confirmation, marriages, communi¬ “Anno 1775| Wann er Herr Schwarz- cants and burials were recorded from baeh von Virginia uns von Herrn Hel¬ 1770 to 1836. muth worde anrecomandirt, welcher Pastor Muhlenberg was pastor of the uns bediente bis May, Anno 1776, wan Warwick congregation from December ner er von hier weg zog in willens 1, 1770, to December 1, 1773. He nach Teutschland zu reissen.” preached also at Schaefferstown, Leba¬ Pastor Schwarzbach recorded 18 bap¬ non, and other places. In 1772 his tisms and 102 communicants on the name appears on the minutes of Synod eleventh Sunday after Trinity, 1775, as “Fred. Muhlenberg, from Warwick,” and 104 on the twenty-first Sunday and in 1773 as “Frederick Augustus after Trinity, and 94, including 11 new¬ Muhlenberg, from Heidelbergtown ly-confirmed catechumens, on Easter, (Schaefferstown.) 1776. The second,church book contains the Pastor Schwarzbach was subsequent¬ following entry: Anno 1773, that Herr ly pastor in Carbon county. Pa., and Muhlenberg, siene Abschieds Predigtim died and was buried at Bensalem December, just im Beschlass seines Church in 1300. I saw the following dritten Jahrs' und reiste von uns ab inscription on his tombstone in 1897: I nach New York, wo er hin berufen “Hier ruhet Johannes Schwarzbach, worden war.”' Lutherischer Prediger,war geboren den The first church book shows that 8ten Martz, 1719, war alt 81 Jahr, 5 m., Pastor Muhlenberg, during his three 23 T., und starb. Leichen Text 2 Tim. years’ ministry, baptized 67 children. 4: 7-8, und lebte in der Ehe 54 J. 6 m. He confirmed 7 catechumens on Easter 4 Tage.” Sunday, 1771. He recorded one mar¬ After Pastor Schwarzbach’s resigna¬ riage, both of the parties from Cocalico tion in 1776, the congregation again township. The number of communi-, applied to Pastor Helmuth, of Lancas¬ cants was as follows: 1771, 24th ter. The record in the second church S.P.T., 92; 1772, Sunday Rogate, 118; book is as follows: 1772, 11th, S.P.T., 54; 21st, S.P.T., 87; “Wir thaten also wieder Ansuchung 1773, Dom. Jubilate, 38; Pentecost, 79; an Herrn Helmuth welcher uns auch 18th, S.P.T., 39; 23rd, S.P.T., 68. There bediente bis Pfingsten, Anno 1777, wan was no record of burials. ner er aufeinmal Abschied nahm und On the 450th page of the third church uns verliesz.” record the following was entered: From September 30, 1776, to May 17, Dom. 21 post Trinitatis war Hr. H. 1777, eleven children were baptized. No | W. Stiegel so gut der hiesigen Evange- other entries were made. S5)&ch LuLherischen Kirche 25 Tickets | After 'Whitsunday, 1777, the baptism r - - of four children was recorded from September 30, 1777, to March, 1778. tire congregation, and announced that T-he following entry in the second he would visit the congregation again church book shows the action of the on the second Sunday after Trinity. congregation after Pastor Helmuth’s He visited the congregation at the time farewell: announced. On the following Tuesday, “Anno 1777. Weilen wir nun gantz June 15, the Church Council assembled Prediger loss worden und verlassen so and unanimously resolved to extend a | namen wir unsere Zuflucht wieder zu call to Pastor Schroeter to become the | unserm alten Herr Pfarrer Johann Cas¬ preacher and pastor.of the congrega¬ par Stoever und ersuchten ihn uns zu tion, with the approval of the congre¬ bedienen welches er dannauch annahm gation. Heinrich W. Stiegel was in¬ und uns bediente so viel as seine structed to prepare the call, which was Schwachheit und Leibes Krafte Ihm subscribed by the entire Church Coun¬ zu liesen bis Anno 1779, am Char-Frei- cil. Heinrich W. Stiegel and George tag wannehr er wie wohl mit grozer Waechter were instructed to present i Schwachheit dennoeh seine Predigt the call to Pastor Schroeter and to vollfieret und welches dan auch seine learn the decision of the same. letzte war bei uns.” The call presented to Pastor Schroe¬ [In the record the following was ter read, word for word, as follows: written, but also crossed: “Mitwochs “In Nahmen unseres groszen Hirten, den 21ten April, zog H. W. Stiegel mit Mittlers und Erloesers,- Jesu Christi. ErljjjUbniss des Kirchenraths in das Amen. Pfarr Haus.”] “Wir, die unterschriebenen Trustees, “Am Himmel fahrt'Tage alsden 13ten Altesten undVorsteher derEvangeliseh Mai, ist unser alter Prediger selig dem Lutherischen Vereinigten Gemeine in Herrn entschlafen in seinem alter von Warwick Township, in der Graffschaft, nachst—Jahre [71 Jahre, 4 monate, Lancaster, in der Provintz Pennsylva- 3 wochen und 2 Tage], und was re¬ nien, senden hiermit unsern brueder- markable mitten in der Bedienung lichen Grusz an sein Ehwuerden PI. seines Ambtes in der Administrirung Daniel Schroeter und beruffen Ihn des Heiligen Abendmahles zu seinen hiedurch zu unserem ordentlichen confirmirten und eingesegneten Geme- Lehrer und Aufscher unserer gemelten ins Kinder in seiner Behausung. Die Gemeine Kirchen und Schule and zwar Meisten Glieder des Kirchen-Raths auf folgende Bedingungen Dasz unser #zeigten Ihm die letzte Liebe in besagter Lehrer und Seelsorger die iywohnung seiner Bestatting zu Er- reine Evangelische Lehre nach dem den au seiner alten Berg Kirche in Grunde der Apostel und Propheten, Quitapehilla.” [On May 23, 1895, a unserer ungeaenderten Augsburgschen beautifdl granite monument was un¬ Confession, Kirchen Agenta und ein veiled at the grave of Pastor Stoever gefuehrten Kirchen Ordnung gemaes- on the cemetery at Hill Church,in Leb¬ soeffentlich und bescnd'ers ueben, trie- anon county, Pa.] ben,fortpflanzen, und die heilege Sacra- Pastor Stoever baptized seven chil¬ mente nach eben der Richtschnur und dren in Warwick in 1778-17791 Regel administriren, die Lehre mit According to the record in the sec¬ christlichen Wandel zieren, durch er- ond church book action was taken by baudliche Predjgten und Kinderlehre the Warwick congregation to secure so viel der Heim Gnade und Krafte another pastor. As Rev. Pastor Stoe¬ verleihet, die Schafe und Laemmer ver had repeatedly, as his infirmities nach Christi Sinn werden moege. increased, recommended to the congre¬ “Dasz er alle ubrige Amtsverichtun- gation Rev. Pastor Schroeter, of Man- gen als Kranken besuchs, Leighen-Be- heim, a meeting of the Church Council gaengniss und ordentlichs Copulationen was held May 23, 1779,by H. W. Stiegel, wans verlangt wird, nach Zeit und Jacob Weidman, Adam Hacker, Trus¬ Vermoegenverrichtenundgewoehnliche tees; Johannes Weidman, Emanuel Accidentzen geniessen moege. Dahin- Suess, George Waechter, Elders, and gegen versprechen wir besachten Trus¬ Stoffel Mueller, Deacon. At this meet- tees,aelthaesten und vorsteher im Nah¬ in" it was resolved to write Pastor men und mit einmutigen Consent un¬ Schroeter to deliver a “Besuchs serer bemeten Gemeine das unser hie¬ Predigt.” Heinrich W. Stiegel and durch berufener Lehrer und Seelsorger Emanuel Suess were deputized to con¬ von der Gemeine nach Christi und vey the invitation. Pastor Schroeter Seiner Apostel Befehle soil versorgen visited the congregation on Wednes¬ und versehen werden nach dem frey- day, June 2, and delivered an edifying willigen Beidrag der gantzen Gemeine. sermon, by which he delighted the en¬ “Zu welchen entzweck von denen J rustees, Aelthaesten J und Vorsteher j Pastor Schroeter, that before ms -ac¬ eine subScripdier Liste besorgt, mi¬ ceptance of the call they might settle ter halten und juehrlich erneuert all matters that needed adjustment. werden soil. Mass&n ein treuer Arbei- Before Pastor, Schroeter promised to ter Seines Lohnes werth, und was dem accept the call an election for church Evangelio dienet sich von demselben officers was held on the 11th. S.P.T emaehren muss, welches wir auch (1779). One 'Trustee, one Elder and Christlich und treulich versprechen an Ihm zu halten. one Deacon were elected. Repeated an¬ Wir ei warten dasz unser besagter nouncements for installation were made, but it was not until Sunday Lehrer undSeelsorgerden oeffentlichen Laetare, 1780, that one of the elected Gottesdienst an den Sonn und Fest- was installed. The Church Council tagen nach dep Billigkeit und Bei- tragen Unserer Gemeine treulich hal¬ and the congregation were invited to ten wird und gesetzt aber dass einige .meeton March 11, 1780, to consult etc Misshelligkeit spite entstahen zwischen On April 17, 1780, H. Wilhelm unserm Lehrer oder einigen Gemeins- Stiegel vacated the parsonage and gl eider, so sollen solche nach unserer moved to Heidelberg (Sehaefferstown), Kirchen Ordnung durch den Kirchen into the “Thurmerung” (Castle), which Hath Christlich und einig unfersucht he had in a former time caused to be und entschieden werden, und keine erected. From that date the parsonage Partei ihr eigener Richter seyn. was vacant until August 29, when a Seiche oben besambt und sender wir School Master, named George Fred mit eigener Hand Unterschrifft bes- Spyer, moved into the same and con¬ I cheinigen und belcraeftigen so ges- ducted a school in the same, as the old i chaehen den 15 Tag Juny, Anno Christi school house was in a ruined condi¬ tion. 1 trustees: The following is the last entry that H. W. STEIGEL, was made in the second church book JACOB WEIDMAN, before June 13, 1787: ADAM HACKER. Den 21 Jan., 1781, Dom. III., p. Epi- Aelthaesten: phan predigte Pfrr. Schroeter abermal JOHANNES WEIDMAN, welcher nun bei dieser Gemeine vom 2 GEORGE WAECHTER ten Jun., 1779, anstehet. Da seit der EMANEUL SUESS Vorsteher: Zeit verschiedene Begebenheite sich geaeusert.und die Gemeine immerihren STOFFEL MULLER. Wankelmuth noch geliebt, so wurde 'An sein Ehrwuerden, Herrn Pfarrer -. Daniel Schroeter. vomKirchenrat und Prediger die Sache heute vorgenommen, und von gut be- On the following Thursday, June 17, U the call was presented to Pastor funden, weil es zu keiner Vereinigung Schroeter by the above named depu¬ kommen will, dasz Pfrr. Schroeter def ties and accepted by him conditionally. S-^en Fvb"v,a' C’’ Dom- SePtuagessimae He was anxious to defer his acceptance seme Abscheids Predigt halten solt, until after the conference (Synod) .welches auch verkuendigt wurde. Di meeting in Tulpehocken in the begin¬ war schon etliche mal versucht; allei i ning of October, 1779. He promised to aus Liebe immernoch aufgeschoben urn supply the pulpit every third Sunday noch Verstockte und Irrige zureeht zu bringen—sed frustra’ until that time; that in the meantime the congregation could settle all mat¬ „JwrerleUChte Und bekere, reinige ters that needed adjustment; that the ^ SLe MBre Herzm um congregation might be united and brought at last into a flourishing con- July 3, 1836. Text, Heb. 9:27. He w'as September 9, 1849, and preached his in- ; called July 22. He accepted the call troductory sermon September 20, 1849. i and moved into the parsonage Septem¬ Text, Luke 17: 11-19. He moved into ber 21, 1836. He preached his intro¬ the parsonage October 18, 1849. On ductory sermon September 25. Text, June 1, 1851, Pastor Jaeger announced Matt. 13:9. Pastor Miller remained that he would resign the congregation I pastor until November 28, 1841, when June 30, 1851. On October 5 the Church j 1 he preached his last sermon in Eman¬ Council requested Pastor Jaeger to sup¬ uel Church. He removed from the par¬ ply the congregation from Womelsdorf, sonage in 1842. to which he intended to move, until a Pastor Miller reported seven congre¬ successor could be secured. He prom¬ gations at the meeting of Synod in ised to do so. On October 14, 1851, 1841. During his ministry in Warwick Pastor Jaeger moved to Womelsdorf, the following ministerial acts were re¬ Berks county, Pa. After October 14, corded in the church record: Baptisms, he supplied the pulpit once in four 202; confirmed, 77; communicants, weeks until March, 1852, on which day 'ghest number at one communion, he preached his farewell sermon. Text, • marriages, 94. Pastor Miller be- | 2 Cor. 33:11. He served the congrega- pastor of congregations in Bucks S S. Engle In 1870. He was appoi tion fcr two and a-half years. “rihe and called by the Church Council, congre nation was pleaded with, him, was a member of the East Pennsylv. and he with the congregation. nia Synod. He ended his labors m During Pastor Jaeger’s ministry the 1874. During his ministry the follow¬ following entries were made in the ing entries were made in the church church book: Baptisms, 107; confirmed, record: Baptisms, 113; confirmed, 47; 57; communicants, highest number, communicants, highest number, 121, 226; lowest, 57; marriages, 70; many lowest number, 45; marriages, 7 , not from Warwick. Pastor Jaeger resided at Womels- burials, 59. Rev Wm. S. Porr succeeded Rev. Mr. dorf for a short time and then moved Engle in 1874, He was elected by the to Reading, Pa. He was pastor of congregation May 23, 1874. He was a country congregations. He died at member of the Pittsburg Synod (of Reading, Pa„ May 13, 1888, in the General Synod), and became a member j sixty-second year of his age. of the East Pennsylvania Synod. Pas¬ Rev. Carl Ries was the successor of tor Porr moved to Lancaster Januaiy Pastor Jaeger. He visited the congre¬ gation and preached on December 2i, 1 1875 but continued to supply the pulpit until June 27, 1875. During his 1851, taking his text from Match. 1: 21-22. He was elected on January 3, ministry to Emanuel congregation he 1852, and preached his introductory recorded 15 baptisms, 63 communicants sermon May 9, 1852, his text being (with notice of a rainy Sunday), 8 mai- Second Timothy 4: 2. He moved into riages and 7 funerals. the parsonage about the same time. In the summer of 1875, when the He was pastor from May 9, 1852, until congregation was without a pastor, the about June, 1856. During his ministry Church Council stood 8 to 4 with refe^' the entries in the church record were ence to securing a minister. Eight the following: Baptisms, infants and members desired to secure one from a few adults, 146; confirmed, 47; com¬ the Ministerium of Pennsylvania and municants, highest number, 109; low¬ 1 four one from the East Pennsylvania est, 30; marriages, 61. Pastor Ries Synod. , was, after his removal from Warwick, After Rev. Mr. Porr’s departure the for a short time pastor of the Bem- following ministers, members of the ville and other churches in Berks Ministerium of Pennsylvania, were in¬ county. Pa. vited to preach :Rev. T. T. Jaeger, Rev. M. Harpel became the pastor of August 15, 1875; Rev. B. W. Schmauk, Emanuel Church in Warwick in 1857, September 5, 1875; Rev. G. H. Trabert, and continued to serve the congrega¬ October 3, 1875; Rev. F. J. F- Schantz, tion until 1870. November 7, 1875; Rev. G. II. Trabert, During his service at Emanuel November 28, 1875; Rev. F. • ■ Church the following entries were Schantz, December 26, 1875. and Rev. made in the church record: Baptisms, W G. Laitzle, January 2, 1876. 311; confirmed, 193; communicants, The East Pennsylvania Synod ap¬ highest number, 157; lowest, 42; mar¬ pointed a committee of three clergy¬ riages, 168; burials, 106. men to fill the vacancy caused by Rev. Pastor Harpel had withdrawn from Mr. Porr’s removal. The . committee the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in were Revs. Messrs. Rosenmiller, Martz 1851. In June, 1857, he applied for re¬ and Cutter. Rev.'Mr. Martz preached admission and was received. In 1867, July 25, 1875, and Rev. Mr. Cutter on . after action taken with reference to August 22, 1875. , him by the Ministerium, he became a The Council called a. meeting of the j member of the East Pennsylvania congregation, to be held October 18, ; ' Synod in September. The Church Coun¬ 1875, to decide on the question of Syn¬ cil sent a delegate to the East Penn¬ odical relations. The Council elected sylvania Synod. There is no record two inspectors for the election, Mr. that the congregation had taken action Dreisch, the President, being judge.. It to change the Synodical relation of the appears from the minutes that the congregation. PresJdent rejected the first vote, that In 1867 serious difficulties between of E. K. Seibert, on the ground that he opponents and adherents of Pastor was no member. The inspectors con¬ Harpel led to litigation, which resulted tinued the election, and forty-five votes in favor of the friends of Pastor Har¬ were cast for the Old Synod (the Min- pel. Pastor Harpel was succeeded by Rev. " ”^lVesolved,' Tpkt we hereby instruct the Old Synod or for any other Synod.i the Church jCouncii of •thl Emanuel Rev. Mr. Cutter continued to preach ! Evangelical 'Lutheran ' Church to and moved into the parsonage Decern- . apply at thee next ;meeting of her 20, 1875, but without the use of the the German Evangelical Lutheran key, which remained in possession of Ministerium of Pennsylvania and ad¬ the majority of the ccfuncil. The ma¬ jacent States for readmission and for¬ mal connection of the congregation jority of the Council gave him written with said Ministerium of Pennsylvania. notice to quit. The Church Council This resolution was also reduced to sent no delegate to the East Pennsyl¬ writing and signed by thirty-eight per¬ vania Synod in 1875. sons. It was further unanimously On Sunday, December 26, 1875, by Resolved, That Rev. F. J. F. Schantz, authority of the Council, Rev. Mr. President of Conference of the Fourth Schantz announced that on Friday, District of the German Evangelical January 14, 1876, a congregational Lutheran Ministerium of Pennsylvania, meeting would be held for two pur¬ be requested to supply this church as poses—first, to determine synodical pastor for the present, and that the : relation, artd second, to -hold an elec- Council give him the necessary certifi- ! tion for a pastbr if time would allow. cate of such appointment._ , Mr. Dreisch, the President of the After thte meeting a suit in' equity Council and one of the minority, had was brought in the Court at Lancaster, requested that the time should be fixed January 25, 1876, by adherents of the for January 14, so that Rev. Mr. East Pennsylvania Synod, against the Cutter would have time to preach be¬ eight members of the Church Council fore the meeting. Rev. Mr. of Emanuel Evangelical Luthe¬ Cutter also announced this meeting for ran congregation, favoring the January 14, but, as he says, not for the Ministerium' of Pennsylvania. The purpose of determining synodical re¬ plaintiffs prayed the Court to lations or electing a minister, but for decree that neither the said th e purpose of bringing about amicable Rev. Schantz, nor any other minister relations. not a member of the East Pennsylvania On Friday, January 14, 1876, a large Synod, shall have the right to occupy number of persons were present in the the pulpit of the said Brickerville church. Mr. Dreisch was elected Church, or use said premises for any Chairman and Mr. E. K. Seibert Sec¬ purpose whatsoever. Other prayers retary of the meeting. A hymn was followed. The case took up three sung and prayer offered by j years. The Master’s decision, in 1877, Rev. Mr. Cutter, Rev. Mr. was in favor of the defendants. The j Schantz stated the object of the Master’s opinion -was approved by the j meeting to be the determina'tion of Court April 13, 1878. The plaintiffs synodical relations and the choice of a entered an appeal to the Supreme pastbr. Rev. Mr. Cutter spoke an hour Court May 31, 1878. The appeal was and a-half, and Rev. Mr. Schantz disposed of at the meeting of the Su¬ spoke two hours. preme Court May, 1879, when the ap¬ When it was proposed to take a vote, pellants suffered a non-suit. Mr. Dreisch refused to proceed, saying As the party that was in favor of that he had no list of voters. Mr. the East Pennsylvania Synod did not Dreisch, Rev. Mr. Cutter and a portion ^withdraw from the church and other ct' the meeting withdrew. The per¬ property, the twelve members of the sons withdrawing were adherents of Church Council of the Evangelical the East Pennsylvania Synod. Jacob Lutheran congregation at Brickerville, Weidman, a member of the Council, by authority of the congregation, was called to the chair and the follow¬ brought suit against the adherents of ; ing resolution adopted: the East Pennsylvania Synod to re¬ Resolved, That whether legally or cover the property. not legally connected with the East The case was tried four times in Pennsylvania Synod, we hereby de- the Court at Lancaster and twice • clare that we do not wish to have fur¬ taken to the Supreme Court. At the ther connection with said East Penn¬ first trial the jury failed to agree. At sylvania Synod of the Evangelical the second trial the jury, one of their Lutheran Church* number becoming sick, was discharged, i This resolution w<.s red need To writ¬ without a verdict. At the third trial ing and pigned by thirty-six persons. there was a verdict for the plaintiffs. The following resolution was also The defendants took the case to the adopted: _; __ W Supreme Court, -where it was reversed number, 134; lowest num., and sent .-back for a fourth trial. This burials, 75. was had February and March, 1886, Pastor Semmel, after a faithful min¬ resulting in favor of the plaintiffs. The istry of fifteen years, became the pas¬ defendants took the case for a second tor of, Jordan Evangelical Lutheran time to the Supreme Court, which was congregation in Lehigh county. Pa., convened in Philadelphia in May, 1886, fwhich is also one of the historic and the Court delivered their opinion | churches of the Ministerium of Penn- at the session in Pittsburg, October 4, i Sylvania. It secured the patent to its 1886, affirming the Court below, so j church property in 1744. Pastor Sem- I that the controversy was finally settled j mel was pastor of Emanuel congrega¬ In favor of the plaintiffs—in the Court tion in a most trying period of its his¬ below—the Church Council of Emanuel tory. He was a strong man, for he Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brick- bnew when to be silent. erville, connected with the Ministerium Rev. A. M. Leibensperger, the pres¬ pf Pennsylvania and adjacent States. After this decision by the Supreme ent successful pastor of the congrega¬ I Court Rev. Mr. Fernsler (the successor tion, was ordained at the meet;ng of of the Rev. Mr. Cutter) and the ad¬ the Ministerium of Pennsylvania in herents of the East Pennsylvania June, 1896, and soon became the pastor Synod withdrew from the church of the congregation. During his min¬ building and other property of Eman¬ istry of nearly two and a-half years he uel congregation and erected for them¬ has had occasion to make the following selves a church building, less than a- entries in the church record: Bap¬ fourth of a mile from Emanuel Church. tisms, 8; confirmed, 10; communicants, , Rev. F. J. F. Schantz supplied j highest number, 119; lowest, 90; mar- Emanuel congregation from January I riages, 6; burials, 130. j 14, 1876, to June, 1879, by his own ser¬ In this Jubilee year of the Ministe¬ vices and the services of ministers se¬ rium of Pennsylvania, in which the cured for such purpose. In these years sesqui-centennial of the organization I the pulpit -was supplied, as the fol¬ of the Ministerium is observed by the lowing entries made in the church rec¬ Synod and the congregations, Pastor ord show: Baptisms, 32; confirmed, 42; Leibensperger has succeeded in secur¬ communicants, highest number, 129; ing more than his apportionment for j lowest, 83; marriages, 2; burials, 4. the Jubilee Fund of Synod, a fact that After the meeting of the Ministerium is mentioned with pleasure in closing of Pennsylvania in 1879 Rev. A. B. this history of a congregation that Markley became the pastor of the Mil- numbers 168 years. lersville charge in Lancaster county. Copy of index in first church rec¬ He supplied Emanuel congregation. He ord of Warrick congregation, in War¬ recorded in the church book 10 bap- wick township, Lancaster, now J tisms from August, 1879, to April, 1880. Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church I These were followed by 6 entries of Brickerville, Elizabeth township’ | baptism of children by Rev. E. H. Ger- j Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. En¬ fcardt, on June 20, 1880, and 4 entries tries of baptism from 1731 to 1772 of baptism by Rev. F. J. F. Schantz, were made in the record. The names I February, 1881, to April, 1881. Pastor I the index areThe names of, the fath¬ : Markley entered 12 confirmed on April ers of the children baptized. A few j 17, 1880. Communicants, November, names are those of adults who were j 1879, 108; April, 1880, 114. Rev. J. H. baptized. The' figures refer to the pages in the record: Fritz administered Communion No¬ Joh. Georg Albert.. g vember 14, 1880, to 103 communicants, Mattheis Albrecht. jg and Rev. F. J. F. Schantz on May 29, Phillip Artzt.52 1881, to 107 communicants, Johannes Augenstein... gl j After the meeting of the Ministerium Peter Baecker.' 2 of Pennsylvania in 1881, at which Rev. Christian Balmer.2 H. E. Semmel was ordained, he became Johannes Brenner...... 2 the regular pastor of Emanuel Church Jacob Bolinger...... 3 {Brickerville), the White Oak and Joh. Georg Bohrmann... 3 jtothsville congregations. He continued Thomas Bauer.. 5 bs pastor until 1896. In these fifteen Cunrad Braun. g years the following entries were made Jacob Balmor. 7 in the church record; Baptisms, 81; Georg Michael Balmor...... ’.. [. 7 I i [confirmed, 105; communicants, highest j • *

iftteiiler ^ *••••••••••• •••••*, 9 .ver B'Ohrmam...... 10 Martin .iyt...T..™ "49 Johannes Bender. 11 Joan Gessnei^...... '. 62 Phillip Beyer, j..,.. 12 Georg Graff. 90 Stephen Boeringer..... 13 Georg Glass...... -.'. 123 Martin Beyer.. 14 Jacob Hoeger.. 3 Michael Braun.. 20 Johannes Hoerchelrodt. 9 1 Adam Bach.. 21 Lorentz Hooff... 6 Joh. Biemendorffer. 24 Jacob Heyl.,. 8 I Johannes Buch... 32 John George-Huber. 8"; Georg Braun. 34 Heinrich Heyl. 10 Christian Beck. 38 , Philipp Hoos'. 10 Jung Michael Balmer. 58 Paul Hamroaricteiil. 11 Georg Michael Bohrer. 59 Johannes Adam Haushalter. 15 Ulrick Bekle. 73 Joh. George Haushalter. 19 Christian Balmer, junior. 76 Johannes Heffner. 22 Georg. Bender. 79 David Herbster. 26 Peter Balmer. 84 Lorentz Haushalter.33 and 115 Jo. Georg Balmer. 89 Hans Ierch Hock... 39 Peter Balmer. 93 Johann Nicolaus Hennicke. 54 Joseph Benkele. 102 Johann Martin Heurs..„ 48 Andreas Betz. 118 Christian Halmstrang. 52 Mattheus Blocher.. 127 Baldes Hetzler. 56 Henr. Brossius. 132 Friederich Willhelm Haager. 57 Joseph Binkly... 135 Jerg Heyl. 57 and 130 Johann Bashart. 136 Georg Hoch... 60 Johann Georg Gonradt. 44 Georg Hacker. oi . Cunrad Cretzinger. 118 Jacob Hoffman. 65 Michael Cretzinger. 121 Jacob Hauser. 80 and 43 Willhelm Delbron. 54 Michael Stuber. 83 Hans Michel Dog. 49 J. Adam Haker... 87 Martin Doll.... 31 Peter Hetzel. 94 Ludwig Dege.107 Jacob Hezel... 99 Henrich Dietrich. 137 Zacharias Heil.. 103 Jacob Eub. 2 Johannes Huber. 112 Simon Ehrsam. 5 Jacob Hege. 122 Joh. Peter Ernst.... 6 Wendel Hornung. 121 Joh. Georg Eichelberger. 6 Martin Heyl. 125 Andreas Eub/. 9 Jacob Helter. 129 Friederich Eichelberger. 22 Peter Jelker... 5 Conradt Eisenhardt. 50 Hans Martin Jiely. 22 Georg Michael Eichelberger...... 60 Jacob Juncker. 27 Christian Ewig. 64 Marcus Jams. 86 Jacob Eceard (Eckard). 86 Christian Jatzler. 90 Peter Elser .. 91 Georg Ilg (Illick).114 Philipp Enders. 106 John Jones,. 127 Georg Engel.... 126 Joh. Michael Kitsch. 1 Adam Eckeberger.129 Jacob Klein. 1 Johannes Ens... 131 Georg 1 Michael Koch. 3 Philipp Firnsler. 9 Heinrich Klein.3 Adam Faber. 14 Johann Christian Kling...... 4 Jacob Faber. 16 Michael Klein. 5 Adam Fried. 16 Andreas Kessinger... 8 Christian Fuchs. 27 Joh. Georg Kessinger. 9 Johann Michael Farner„. 41 Joh. Kichler...... 10 Ullerich Frantz. 47 Adam Klemm. 15 Cunradt Glassbrenner . 1 Andreas Kellenle. 16 Martin Greiner. 2 Joh. Georg Kob. 26 Michael Grossmann. 10 Andreas Kappler. 38 Martin Grueber. 16 Johann Casper Koch. 42 Joh. Georg Grosz.. 18 Michael Kuetsch. 44 Friederich Grueber.*... 29 Joseph Klinger. 46 Michael Gartner. 30 Benedic-ktus Kautzmann. 39 Philipp Glrnk...... 42 Joann Michael Kinzel. 66 Christoph Gijjicref.43 and 68 Philipp Krieg. 72 125

Michael Kftfch. :fh“.777f....~7i(h Georg Jacob Schnuerer. 14 Joan. Jost Klein. 110 Philipp Schumacher. 15 Franciscus Kuhn... 119 Christoph Suess. 19 Georg Michael Krohberger. 126 Johannes Schuetz... 19 Michael Kraemer. 126 Wilhelm Stober. 20 Peter Kiel. 134 Card Schmidt. 21 John Georg Lay. 2 Jacob Spring.... 23 Joh. Wendel Laber. 2 IVJartin Spickler...... 23 Joh. Lutz.... 2 Georg Schmidt...... 24 1, Stephen Laumann. 4 Peter Schmidt... 25 William Lancaster. 12 Friederich Stroh. 27 I Jacob Lorch. 28 Friederich Stiess. 27 Jacob Lehnherr^. 31 Joannes Scherer. 30 Michael Lang. 50 Andreas Sell. 34 Michel Leidich. 53 Jost Stroh. 35 Conrad Lang.... 75 Johannes Adam Speck. 32 Georg Lang. 93 Heinrich Stickel.... 47 Leonhardt Mueller... l Christian Staebler. 51 Jacob Meyer. 2 Zierryackus Friederich Schreyer... 40 Job. Heinrich Motz.i..... 7 Emanuel Sfiess...... 55 & 128 Joh. Georg Mohr. 152 Thomas Schrott. 51 ; Nicolaus Marret. 16 Jacob Scherck.. 32 Christoph Meyer. 17 George'Stober....;.59 & 128 j Jacob Merckel. ...«. f ^ t , f. f.. K 2o Carl Heinrich Jacob Kauffmann... 60 Merckel, •..> jv't i) •• • 2§ Carl Schett (Scheed) ....> ..... 60 Johannes Marttm...... 35 Hennrich Schneider....,. 54 Jacob Mueller.... 36 Joann Schneider..... 44 Georg Conradt Mefferte. 39 Nicolaus Schmidt...... 69 Johann Petter Muscheilus.... 31 Philipp Stoever.... 75 Michael Mossert... 50 Edward Stens....T...... 81 George Mock. 70 Jons Schmalwud. 81 Joseph Majer.. 74 Jacob Stiess. 82 Michael Mainzer. 74 Michael Schaz. 85 Jacob Miller... 78 Ludwig Schork....,. 85 Jacob Minian.. 88 Peter Maerkel,. g9 Hennrich Sorber. 92 Leonhard Miller, jun... 95 Christoph Scherp...... 94 Conrad Mainzer.... 98 Daniel Scheible. 45 Christian Miller.. 117 Zacharias Stiess. 105 John Jacob Neff... 11 Christian Schmidt...... 124 Sebastian Naess... 15 Nicholas Schroff. 127 Phillipp Jacob Nasz. 59 John Trabbinger. 1 Martin Nagel. 133 Benedict Thomas. 4 John Martin Oberlin. 7 Peter Tuszing. 17 Joh. Adam Oberlin.8 and 53 George Tracksel..... 48 Ernst Oberman. 120 Peter Trabinger..... 101 Michael Pfautz. 13 Adam Ulrich. 6 Joh. Mattheis Plantz.... 13 Johannes Uhland. 15 Hansz Michael Petz. 20 Jacob Vierling. 45 Joh. Pfaffenberger 23 Hennrich Voelker... 88 Johannes Phillips... Andreas Wagner. 1 Georg Ried. Mattheis 'Weidtmann.. 2 Hansz Jerch Riss... Martin Weidtmann. 3 Joseph Rulland. Joh. Jacob Weyl. 4 Leonhard Reisch.... Cunradt Wolff. 7 Michael Roth. Lorentz Weber. 18 James Rausch...... Johannes Weydman... 21 Georg Saeger. Jacob Wentz.... 22 Balthasar Suess. Frederick Waltzer. 28 Georg Schuetz. Peter Wielandt. 29 Phillipp Stoer...... Christoph Weidtman. 29 Valentin Stober. Jacob Walter... 30 Michael Spiegel. Simon Wittmoyer... 41 Joh. Jacob Stober... Joanes Wahle (Neger). 62 Joh. Schaffer. 26 w ™

3as Wolff... 68 ob Weidmann]..,...... , 71 iennrich Wolff...'...,. 65 George Waechteri. 77 Martin Weiss.100 Johann Friederich Zimmermann 25 & 96 Jacob Zieger. 26 Alexander Zartmann. 33 Jacob Zartmann. 40 List of communicants in Warwick Church, in Warwick, Lancaster county, now Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, Brickerville, Lan¬ caster, Pa. Communicanten auf D. xvii P. LOCAL LORE. Trinitatis, 1798: Michael Lange und frau, Tochter INDUSTRIES ON THE 0CT0RAR0 LONG AGO. Catharina, Stophel Scherb, Michael Hanle, Adam Fenniger, Matthias Charcoal Burning—How the Work Was Waldt, Alexander Zartman, Sem\ und frau, Lorentz Haushalter und frau, Done—What It Was Done For, and Michael Oberle und frau, Stophel Something About the Life and Pecu¬ Oberle und frau Catharina, Eva Weid- liarities of the Men Who Did It.* man, Barbara Vettern, Joh. Scherb und frau, Johannes Bauer und frau, Georg Ihlig und frau, Jacob Lehmann und From the commencement of the frau, Adam Scherb und frau, Christian present century, down to fifty years Haenle und frau, Catharina Scheplern, ago, charcoal burning was quite an Elizabeth Seiler, Magdalena Millern, important industry in the Valley of Catharine Herpern, Catharine Zieg- the Octorara; but since the latter date mannin, Christina Eichelbergern, it has been rapidly on the decline, and Eva Kellern, Catharina Sehei- for twenty-five years has been almost kern, Dorothea Schaerin, Elizabeth extinct. Sensin, Joh. Koser, Philip Kraemerer As late as a century since, much of und frau, Michael Zartman und frau, the lands of this valley were covered Christian Kaemmerer, Johannes Weid- with the virgin timber indigenous to man und frau Anna Maria, Christ- the locality, consisting of vast forests | oph Miller und frau, George Stober of hickory, oak and chestnut, with und frau, Jacob Weidman, Jun., und maple, poplar, walnut and cherry oc¬ frau, Alexander Zartman und frau, casionally interspersed amongst the Tochter Elizabeth, Leonhardt Miller leading genera. The question how to und frau, Jacob Gevell, Leonhardt utilize the wood, and clear the ground Miller, Jun., Johannes Witmeier, for cultivation, was one of serious im¬ George Waechter, George Ihlig, port to the sturdy husbandmen. The Johannes Haushalter, George Hacker, solution of the problem was effected , Joh. Elzer, Samuel Weidman, Joh. by the ironmasters or iron manufac¬ Hacker, Peter Weidmann, Joh. Miller, turers bringing their plants to such Martin Weidmann, Friederick Wach- localities as offered an abundance of ter, Susanna Weidmannin, Susanna wood,in conjunction with water power, Haushalterin.Margreth Oberle,Susanna the latter to operate the bellows, and, Wolfin, Susanna Illigen, Catharine in use at that time for the reduction of Ihligen, Cath. Wachtern, Elizabeth mer also—the wood to be used in the Haushaltern,Elizabeth Millern, Catha¬ preparation of charcoal, the only fuel rine Millern, Susanna Wiland, Eliza¬ in use at that ime, for the reduction of beth Hackern, Margreth Elzern, iron. Tanneries were also located Elizabeth Kaemmern.RosinaKammern, where oak bark was plentiful, the bark Christina Herzogin, Maria Herzogin, being used in the process of converting Elizabeth Gevell, Jacob Weidmann und the skins of the domestic animals into L. frau, i leather. The latter industry was not, however, of sufficient importance to 'Read before the Lancaster County create a demand for labor, and only •Historical Society. . by Dr. JP. J, F. jachantz, on December 2, 1828,. _ served as a convenience for disposing

; " • - - ering of cedar or pine boughs, which [of hides and a limited amount of oak were covered with deciduous leaves, hark] The furnaces and forges, how¬ [the whole surmounted with a layer of ever,, gave employment to a great earth, to retain the leaves and , j number of men, in digging ore, in cut¬ branches in position. A batten door, ting wood, in coaling and in hauling located In the continuous parietes of I to and from the manufacturing cen- the cabin, determined the front of the 1 tres, together with those who were habitation. Another opening, in the operating the plant. These employes, rear, built up of stones, or sticks, and with their families, and the great mud, served for fireplace and chimney. number of horses and mules engaged Bunks, filled with straw, covered over in the necessary transportation .opened with blankets, arranged upon either a market for the productions of the side of the entrance hall, served for farms in the surrounding region. The chairs, lounges and beds. The cook¬ charcoal consumed in the reduction of ing utensils were limited to a cast- the ore into merchantable iron created iron pot, of good size, for boiling pota¬ a. demand for the wood, which the toes; a frying pan, coffee pot, tin cups landowners were anxious to dispose of. and plates, with knives, forks and The ironmasters often bought in, fee i spoons; china closets were un-thought simple large tracts of woodland, but of. The bill of fare seldom varied; it the located farmer only sold the wood- consisted of potatoes, bread and but¬ leave, retaining the land for agricul¬ ter, fried mush, fried pork arid strong tural purposes, the purchaser clearing coffee. A snared rabbit, an opossum or the ground in a stipulated time. The raccoon were occasionally added to wood-cutting was largely done by far¬ the above collation, and, of course, mers’ grown-up sons and mechanics were fried. Notwithstanding the above who could not follow their trades dur¬ dietary, dyspepsia was ' unknown ing the winter months. There were a amongst the hardy wood-choppers. few professional wood-choppers, who The evenings; were spent in whetting i were engaged in this occupation dur¬ their axes, in making axe helves and ing the entire year, chief amongst sockets for their wedges, with an oc¬ whom were Nathan Jones, Mark John¬ casional game of cards; a few spent son and Ben. Green. The woodland, their evenings in reading good books; when prepared for cutting, was meas¬ hut this commendable employment ured-off-in lots 10 suit the desire of was not general, rather the exception the chopper, a line of blazed trees to the programme of the choppers’ bounding the assigned tract, which evening pastime. Visitations between generally contained from one to three the members of the different cabins,. of acres, dependent upon the estimated which there would be from three -to number of cords of wood thereon. ' eight in large tracts of woodland, From ten to thirty wood-choppers were always in order, and cards, domi¬ i would often be employed in one tract noes- and checkers entered into the | of woodland, each one of whom would i evening’s entertainment. This, outlines average from two to four cords of ! the life -these choppers led during the I wood every day, the cords containing j winter, and until the springtime in¬ (128, cubic feet, being eight feet long, vited them into more lucrative em¬ four feet high and four feet in width, ployment Then their cut woo-d was the length of the wood, the average piled up in ranks (often by experts, price paid for cutting being about 25 who could outline a cord with three- cents per cord. Mess squads of four quarters of 128 cubic feet). Some choppers Were generally formed and a ranks were longer, some shorter, de¬ suitable domicile erected, In a near-to- pending upon the proximity of the water, well sheltered spot, not far wood. After the ranks were finished from the scene of -their daily toil. To they were measured by the agent of ; elect the habitation a circle of ground the ironmaster and the choppers were twelve to fourteen feet in diameter was J paid for their laborious work. These cleared and leveled off. A vertical pole, workmen then deserted their habita- ten to twelve feet high, was planted in I tions, and the way was clear for the the centre of the ring, poles reaching J colliers, who, with their adjuncts, the from the circumference of the circle to j wood haulers, then took possession of the summit-of the centre pole were the field of operations. then placed in position, and the tops These charcoal burners, as they have of the poles securely fastened together been called—but thei term is evidently by means of hickory withes. Other a misnomer, they should be called poles were then arranged around the wood carbonizers—selected suitable circle to give secure support to a cov¬ - , charcoal pits, where ac- master having his own collier, the eay for the teams engaged in: business was confined to a few experts,- •ng th jpoals from the pits to the chief amongst whom, fifty years ago, • on plant. The ground was leveled in were John and Samuel Montgomery,g a circle 30ti> 40 feet in diameter, suffi¬ brothers; John and Guy Hetherington,, cient of the surface earth being retain¬ ■also brothers; the Waterson brothers, ed around he border to cover the pit and Henry Noggle. Later, Samuel and smoulier the burning pile. As Montgomery, Jr.,William Montgomery, soon as th« pit site was prepared the sons of Samuel, Sr.; John Hetbering- wood h'aulcs, with their horses and ton.'son of Guy, and Billie Burgin mo¬ sleds, comr enced operations by haul¬ nopolized the business. These colliers, ing thirty t forty cords of wood,which although not understanding the theory was placed around the circumference of combustion nor the laws governing of the leveled site. The colliers then chemical affinities, yet thoroughly un¬ commenced in the centre of the ring to derstood the practical, part of the ope¬ build the pit. First leaves and fine dry ration. They knew that a cord of wood wood that would ignite easily were would make thirty or more bushels of heaped up three or four feet high, then coal, if properly manipulated, dry wood the cord wood on end was stood around giving best results. That the lower the and over the ignition point, gradually temperature to which the wood was extending the pit until the thirty or subjected during carbonization, the forty cords of wood had been arranged easier the coal would ignite; that to form a conoidal pile twelve to fifteen chestnut wood Coal made a stronger feet high. The entire pit was then cov¬ fire than oak wood coal, and, in fact, ered with leaves, upon which a coating without thiories or chemical knowl¬ of earth or breeze was placed, to pre¬ edge. they understood how to obtain vent the free admission of air and de¬ the desired results. After the pit had termine the amount of ignition, the oo- been burnirg from five to eight days, ject being to simply ignite and drive and no blaze was emitted from any off the liberated gases, retaining the pert cf it, then it was completely closed carbon of the wood. The fire was ap¬ from two to four days and permitted plied abound the circumference of the to cool. By this process, 15 per cent, pit, and also in, the centre, where an of the weight of the wood was obtain opening was prepared, which acted as ed in charcoal; by distillation 25 per a chimney. Now the expert knowledge cent, is obtained. The charcoal was of the colliers was put to the test; then drawn by means of strong iron¬ judgment and vigilance, with experi¬ toothed rakes, the coals separated from ence, were all in requisition. If the the brands not fully carbonized, which fire burned too fast in certain parts of underwent another term in the coal the pit, due to a change of the direc¬ pit. After there was no apparent dan¬ tion of the wind, it must be checked by ger of combustion, the coals were then applying more covering to exclude the loaded, by means of large paraboloid¬ air; should other parts not burn we!’, shaped baskets, into a wagon with an air must be admitted through properly immense bed, capable of containing located openings, so that the wood of fiorn 250 to 300 bushels of coals, which the entire pit would be perfectly char¬ was unloaded by using the lead horses red. When two or three pits were to pull the bottom boards out of the burning at the same time the collier bed. Thesei wagons were drawn by six had to bo on the alert and walk bis large horsps or mules, nicely mated, beat from one pit to the other every and often decorated with festoons of few minutes,until relieved by his asso¬ ribbons dependent from arches attach¬ ciate,who then attended during the suc¬ ed to the hames, from which arches a ceeding watch. One of them bad to be series of balls fastened thereto made a constantly on duty, and it was inter¬ musical noise not always in symphony; esting. to notice the grimy collier as he nevertheless, the horses seemed proud passed around his pits with his long- of the music. Certainly the r.eamsters handled shovel; here he threw on some were, since, in accordance with the un¬ earth to stay the fire, there he mad© an written lay, none but blue ribbon opening to assist the ignition,for which teams were permitted to wear be!is. procedures (you could see no reason, The most aristocratic coal hauier I but his trained eye eould detect at a ever saw was the late Prof. D. Hayes glance what was required to perfect Agnew. When proprietor of Pleasant the charring process. These men were Garden forge, in Chester county, he certainl.vAlkilled in their calling, and often drove the teams when the drivers immauded high wages. Each irou- • . ... — were off duty. 1 ■ . After the coal had al been rlemoved tillers were permitted to grow into from the pit it was then prepared for trees, and in thirty to fifty years the another seating of wood, which was woodland would again be ready to un¬ carbonized as befora Repeated burn¬ dergo another season of woodchopping ings seemed to improve the site; per¬ and coaling, as before. The late Dr. haps due to the collection of breeze or Peacock, of this city, who was ac¬ coal dust, which was utilized for cover¬ knowledged to be high authority on ing the wood when undergoing the pro¬ this subject, verified the above esti¬ cess of carbonization. Inexperienced mates. colliers often, from want of judgment Where, fifty years since, the pri¬ or from inattention, permitted whole meval forest trees, arrayed in their pits of wood to burn into ashes, entail¬ garniture of fading summer foliage, ing a great loss upon the ironmaster, swayed in the fierce blasts of the au¬ who was exceedingly careful regarding tumn storm, now in the harvest sea¬ the efficiency of his' coaling employes. son is often found the golden grain, The colliers generally appropriated a waving in response to the gentle deserted cabin, built by the woodehop- zephyr’s kiss, and the husbandman re¬ pera, for a. habitation, when one suita¬ joices in his abundant crops, often for¬ ble for their purpose could be found; getting the unrequited labor expended if not, they erected one of the same by the hardy pioneer in.- removing the style of architecture to subserve their forest and preparing the ground for wants. Their bill of fare was a dupli¬ agricultural purposes. The rivulet cate of that of the woodshoppers, ex¬ which1 pursued its winding way cept green vegetables, planked shad, through the woodland disappeared spring chicken and hard-boiled eggs with the forest; its source, the foun¬ were occasionally added to the menu. tain, around which the farmer boys Some estimate may be formed of the were wont to congregate, to drink great quantity of wood consumed in from its cooling, limpid waters, has the Valley of the Octorara sixty years ceased to flow, and you wonder at the ago when we remember that within a “mutations of time.” The old, notched radius of seven miles we had one foun¬ log pioneer dwelling has been razed, dry. two furnaces and seven forges, all and in its stead you find a stately using charcoal for the reduction of the mansion, with all modern improve¬ non output; in addition, all -black¬ ments. The straw-thatched stable is smiths,and every cross roads furnished seen no more, the site has been appro¬ one of these mechanics, used char¬ priated by beautiful and commodious coal in their forges. farm buildings. “The Old oaken On the east branch of the Octorara bucket which hung in the well” has we had the Nobleville foundry, now given place to the wind-wheel pump, Christiana-machine shops; the Buckly with its capacious cistern, furnishing, I forge, in Penningtonville, now Atglen; as required,the supply of water needed the two Sproul forges and Ringwood for household and farm-yard purposes. forgs, in- Sadsbury and Pine Grove Upon this scene you gaze and “behold forge, below the junction of the east the onward march of time.” The pio¬ and west branches of the Octorara. On neer former, the woodchopper, the - the west branch were Mt. Eden and collier, the ironworker, have all gone . Black Rock furnaces and White Rock to their reward above, but they left forge. Estimating the output of the j behind a race whose intelligence, in- i furnaces at 2,000 tons of furnace iron, | tegrity, patriotism' and Christianity requiring from 150 to 200 bushels of j make the Octorara. Valley a region of charcoal, weighing from fifteen to | which her sons and daughters may twenty pounds to the bushel, to re¬ 11 justly feel proud. And, while pre-emi¬ duce each ton, some estimate of the nently an agricultural locality, yet no charcoal used in the furnaces can be profession extant but has been honor¬ made. The six forges averaged about ed by her children, and though the 250 tons of forge iron, requiring from seasons may come and go, generations 100 to 120 bushels of coal to reduce be born and die, still, judging the each ton. From these dates can be cal¬ future by the past, the Octorara Valley culated the forge consumption of char¬ 1 will continue to furnish her quota of coal. Allowing thirty to forty bushels | “Living Leaders” for our grand old of coal to each coi'd of wood, the enor¬ j county of Lancaster. mous quantity of wood consumed may These colliers generally owned small -be approximated at 20,000 cords. In farms, which they frequently visited ^localities where the cleared land was to see their families and obtain pro- fghsuited for agricultural purposes the visions during their summer season President affirmed this position. The of coaling. They were well-to-do, professor appealed to the house, but thrifty citizens, and some of them the President, by the doctor’s advice, kept themselves posted on the ques¬ would not tolerate the appeal, and the tions of the day. I remember off freT decision was in favor of the affirma- quently seeing one of them as I passed , tive. The professor then appealed from l his habitation in.the coal fields during the decision of the chair, the Vice my morning. drives. He was seated President stated the question, of appeal upon a stump attentively reading his and the house sustained the appeal morning paper when he could snatch and the decision was reversed. The 1 a few minutes from his rounds. doctor obtained the floor on a question j Yet I would not have infer that all of privilege, and claimed that the re¬ of them were literary characters, for version of the President’s decision was ! certainly Henry Noggle laid no claims a direct insult, and that out of self- j to belonging to this class, as illustrat¬ respect no course was open to the 1 ed by the following incident: President but to resign. In accordance Upon the organization of the Steel - with his advice the President tendered ville debating club no suitable ball his resignation, which was accepted I could be obtained in which to bold and a pro tern, officer eleoted. the sessions, except one in charge of The contract for the hall had been f Mr. Noggle, who was averse to letting secured for the desired term and it to the club, fearing disorder on the Henry had voluntarily relinquished; part of those who would congregate the honors and emoluments of the j to hear the discussions. The contract, office and could not recall the con¬ however, was consummated, with the tract. understanding that Mi'. Noggle should 'It is needless to say that there was |) be made President of the club and a conspiracy against Henry. And, j have full authority to preserve order. although he was not successful as a j At the first session under this regime presiding officer, as a collier and the resolution. Resolved, That the angler he was A No. 1. females of this nation should enjoy ‘ the right of suffrage and the elective HISTORICAL MEMORANDA. franchise, was chosen for discussion. --- , The hall was well filled with a fun- An Act of Vandalism. j loving audience. When Henry called The following is an excerpt read by l the meeting to order Prof. G. F. Baker S. M. Sener, Esq., from “The Oracle of j i stated the question for discussion; Dauphin,” Harrisburg, Pa., under date | : also cited the by-laws, limiting the of 6th. of January, 1820: speeches to fifteen minutes, and in- “The Lancaster Free Press contains 1 intimated that the President would de¬ an advertisement of the Trustees and cide upon the merits of the arguments Elders of the German Reformed produced in closing the discussion, A I Church in the village of New Holland, youthful M. D. championed the forces Lancaster county, offering a reward of on the affirmative and Prof. Baker $100 for the discovery and conviction commanded the1 negative warriors. of the person or persons concerned in After some two-and-a-half hours entering the church about the 15th or | of earnest discussion the de- 16th of December, 1819, and destroying j ! bate closed, and Professor Ba- the new organ of the church, by re¬ 1 ker suggested that the President moving and despoiling the pipes : give a synopsis of the arguments ad¬ thereof, and taking some of them vanced previous to rendering his de¬ prepared to rehash all of the verbal? cision. The use of that word synop¬ produced by the negative; the i-det v- sis proved a boomerang to the nega¬ requiring a synopsis of the so-called tive, although the sympathies of the arguments of the opposition to the] President were up to this time with resolution was absurd. The consti¬ I the opposers of the resolution. The tution only required the simple de¬ doctor obtained the floor and accused cision of the President as to whether Prof. Baker of exacting duties not re¬ . the affirmative or negative had ad- quired of presiding officers in de¬ ! duced the stronger arguments and liberative bodies and suggested that 1 that no interference by suggestion the professor was actuated to this ! should be tolerated by the chairman. Npurse by a desire to embarrass the The professor claimed the floor, but vairman, who bad not taken notes of the dpctcr advised the President that e discussion 'and certainly was not i the professor was out of order, and the 131

awayT and otSSlrwrse cutting up and Evidences of Masonic Activity in Thi3 City despoiling many parts of the same.” One Hundred,and Sixty-Four A Visit to Lititz, Lancaster County, in Years Ago. 1799- At a meeting of the Grand Lodge of In his diary, Jacob Peirce, of Long- F. and A. M., of Pennsylvania, on St. wood, East Marlborough township, John’s day (last Tuesday), Brother Chester county. Pa., thus describes his Julius F. Sachse, of Columbia Lodge, i visit to the Moravians at Lititz, Lan¬ No. 91, presented a communication in caster county: reference to a number of entries in 1 Mo. 19, 1799.—‘‘Made ready to go Benjamin Franklin's “Journal” of 1731 to Lancaster County I and Jno Mercer to 1737, relating to Franklin's business went in even to Doe run staid till dealings with the Masonic lodges in morn. Pennsylvania at that early day. This 1 Mo. 20, 1799.—"Started early rode valuable document wms found by to Hollis fed then to bull Tavern fed Brother Sachse among the unclassified & took a snack then rode to Painters MSS. in the archives of the American at two Taverns fed and dined then rode Philosophical Society. Two entries to A. Forney’s Tavern staid till morn. show that among the earliest ship¬ I Mo. 21, 1799.—“Took breakxast and ments of the Book of Constitutions in rode to Littets town by some called 1734 were those to Lancaster, one by Moravien town we thire fed our horses Brother John Catherwood and the and went in Company of Landlord other by Brother John Reynells. This named Lanins (?) to the Sister House proves the fact of the existence of a or Nunnery when we entered the door Masonic Lodge in Lancaster as early as we were met by the steward who was August, 1734. Another remarkable to appearance a woman of Middle age | fact shown by these business entries is her Countenance quick and cheerful that the Masonic bodies of both Massa¬ she gave us a guide who conducted us ' chusetts and Carolina were subordi¬ up to the garret Chambers which were ! nate to the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl¬ four in number two for the sick which \ vania at that time. Further, these en¬ appeared vacant the other two Large j tries presents the earliest evidence of ones & Closely filled with beds suffi- active Masonic life in America. | cient in number to lodge the whole

family separately they being near | . Sixty in Number we then came to the ! before the T,.anca«ter County j on Jpviuary 6, 1S9D, by ! underground story it being the bake I>r. J.-W. Houston. | house Cook shop and dining room &e- &c on the first story above ground there is a very large room wherein they perform evening and morning de¬ votion, another room they keep school I*'ron i, JTm j (0 0 oS and teach Musick &c &c the other rooms on sd story & several on the next are fitly adapted for the purpose £5$ .Om-OMLC... i fi of spinning kniting sewing &c they being a very Industrious People and withal very neat and Cleanly, they re¬ Date, ceive great encouragement from the neighbors who bring them work and Likewise the Necessarys of Life. We — then bid adieu and came away without | seeing the brothers, who live within about 100 yds in a house considerably OLD LANCASTER. less than theirs the Church standing betwixt them, all which buildings be¬ PICTURES DRAWN FROB TWO CENTURIES. ing on the south side of the main street and about 60 or 70 yds distant there¬ Its Beginnings, Its Progress and the Men, from from thence we came to the inn mounted and rode back to Forney’s in Women, Places and Events That Have even, staid till morn, setled Affairs Contributed to Its Historic Inter¬ l with him and started homeward rode j 2 tavers fed then to Hollis fed then est and Importance.* i to Doe run fed took supper then home j at bed time.” aper makes no pretension to . . - ellM —r- . Of the sixty-seven county towns in : exhaustive. Most of it is only a the Keystone State, only three can (.ce-toid tale,” familiar to many of claim a date prior to that of Lancaster. jju. There is too much of interest in Philadelphia, then sometimes known the early history of this fair city of as “Sbackamaxon,” with Bucks ours—too much of importance—for this and Chester, had been founded to be more than a brief sketch of a in 1682. Lancaster dates her birth to i few prominent items which stand out 1730, the county having been organized in bold relief upon our record. They the preceding year, and its name i are only touched upon, very imper¬ given by John Wright, after the county I fectly, by a member of your society, in England, from which (in 1714) he Who desires— came. Until August, 1730, the courts '“For you, who love this fair, broad land, were held at Postlethwait’s tavern, In which our lot is cast— where, on August 5, 1729, the seven¬ To gather, with a reverent hand, teen original townships of the county Some pearls which gem the Past.” were named and their boundaries de- I So, for a few moments, let us look fined. Until this date, it had been un¬ foack. Let me give you a few glimpses derstood that the landed right for the of Lancaster in the last century. “Townstead” had been vested in the f‘Fair city, nestling 'mid green hills. Proprietaries, and was unsurveyed With spires whose sweet bells chime land. But it had passed into the hands In notes that thro’ the silence thrills of Andrew Hamilton. The plan for the j Thy tales of olden time; town was made in March, 1730, when '“No battles scarred thy tranquil streets, “in the island of Pennsylvania, in Nor stained thy soil with gore— Conestoken,” the city was laid out. Yet at each step the loiterer meets There was am open square in its cen¬ Some strange historic lore. tre, as in other old towns of the State, “Thy sons in valor bore their part, crossed at right angles by the two And many a noble name principal streets on which loyalty be- Endeared unto the Nation's heart Lives on the rolls of Fame I” *6 to wed the names of “King” and “Queen.” “Duke,” “Prince,” “Orange,” Prior to 1708 or 1709, there were no “Charlotte” and “Ann” followed; love settlements in what is now known as of nature spoke in “Chestnut,” “Wal¬ (Lancaster county, then forming a part nut,” “Lime” and “Mulberry,” while of Chester. A few whites, Indian love of country gave the English Lan¬ traders, had their abodes along the caster a namesake in the New World— Susquehanna. But the earliest settlers that same love of country which in! were the ‘'Mennonites,” who emi¬ later years was to make the new-born grated to America from Switzerland city a centre of patriotism and devo¬ and the Palatinate, about 1709, the tion to the cause of Independence. French Huguenots, from Alsace and A lot, 66 f6et square, in the heart of ! Lorraine, and the Scotch-Irish, who the city, at the intersection of King- came in 1715. Part of the land on end Queen streets, was purchased from which Lancaster now stands was taken Andrew Hamilton and Ann, his wife, tip as early as 1717. A few people for the consideration* of 2s. 6d. Here ■were living there in 1721. These were the first Court House was erected. It “squatters.” One of them, George Gib- was built of brick, wbiclpalso formed | eon by name, built and kept a tavern or the floor cf the court room, and in 1750 “ordinary,” which he called “The Michael Stump carved and placed over Hickory Tree,” and which is said to the President’s chair the effigy of the I have stood near what is now known King’s coat of arms of Great Britain. as Penn Square.! Under the great tree Small though the building was, it i standing near the tavern, and from was the scene of much of historic im¬ ■which it. derived its name, the Indians portance. Here, in 1744, was held the are said to have held their councils. great conference and treaty between By slow degrees a small hamlet grew the Governors of Pennsylvania, Mary¬ around the spot, known variously as land, Virginia and New York, and the “Gibson's Pasture,” “Indian Town,” representative of many Indian tribes. “Spring Town,” and “Hickory Here, probably, was held the confer¬ Town.” It was also known as “Wav¬ ence with the Six Nations in 1757. ing Hills,” bounded on the west by The next public building which seems •‘Ql.oaring Brook,” now the “gas,” for¬ to have been erected was a county jail, merly “Hoffman’s Run.” There were in 1739, built of logs. In 1744, Thomas two swamps, the “Dark Hazel,” nearly Poultney was directed to make a pair in the centre ,of the now city, and the of stocks and erect a pillory in such “LoEg Swamp,” in the northeastern place as will be approved.! part. Wolves and other wild animals prowled in the vicinity, and the red men roved over the hills and valleys of the country. _ 1- m 133

Religion was not neglected in those | people’s* property, as' 'rand owners early days. James Hamilton donated | were supposed to keep their fences in lots of land to the various churches. good condition to prevent the geese The Reformed congregation built a log j from entering. church in 1736. The establishment of Colored persons were compelled to the Lutheran* began in 1-730. The register within twenty-four hours of Episcopalians held services as early as coming into town, or pay a fine of $1.00 1717 and 1729, but the parish of St. for every day they remained, or else James was organized in 1744. The go to jail. *Paper read before the Lancaster Markets were to be held twice a County Historical Society by Mrs. M. A. week, on Wednesday and Saturday, Robinson, on January 5, 1900. Lforever in the lot granted for that use, fRupp says it was on what is now East and two fairs therein every year, in King street, where Slaymaker’s tavern afterwards stood. In olden times it was June and October. the site of an Indian wigwam, and nearby All labor, except of necessity, was was a. fine spring. Gibson's sign of a hickory tree was painted about 1722. forbidden on the Sabbath,or First Day, t-The first case tried before a petit jury under penalty of a fine of 20s. for the w?*s that of __ Morris Cannady, for the use of the poor. theft of £14 7s. He was sentenced to restore the amount stolen, and “to re¬ It was forbidden to fire guns in the ceive twenty-one stripes on his bare streets, or to play ball at the Court hack, well laid on." Unable to pay the fine imposed and the costs, he was sent House.* to jail for one year and then sold for six The “Inns” of Lancaster were of im¬ r^rs, to John Lawrence, for the sum of £16. portance in “ye olden time.” Their landlords were among the most prom¬ ! Moravians founded St. Andrew’s Church in 1744. On its front wall was a carved inent and influential citizens. Their tablet bearing this legend: “1746, Kys- sign-boards made the streets a regular i set-den Sohn. Psz. Gloria Pleurae.” picture gallery. “The Red Lion, ’ 1 This stone is now built into the side where Jefferson, the elder, opened a j wall of the present church. The stone theatre, in 1830; the “Leopard,” or chapel,built in 1746, is till standing,and “Spotted Cat,” built in 1765; the is in use. In 1742 St. Mary’s Church of “Fountaiu Inn,” 1758, now the “Lin¬ the Assumption (Roman Catholic) was coln,” where Court was held from 1781 begun. The Presbyterians date back to 1784; “The Grape,” 1741; the to 1763, and the Hebrews had a con¬ “Swan,” of the same year; the“EagIe,” gregation and cemetery as early as 1754; the “Black Horse,” 1736; the 1<47, the third in point of age in the “Indian Queen,” 1760; the “Plough.” ; United States. In their quiet grave¬ 1748; the “William Pitt,” the “General yard are interred the parents of Re¬ Wayne,” the King of Prussia,” the becca Gratz, the heroine of “Ivanhoe.” “Bear” and the “Cross Keys," 1730, are In 1754 Lancaster contained 500 notable. houses and 2,000 inhabitants. It had A little anecdote from the Journal been incorporated as a borough in 1742 of March 25, 1796, will show how the Its first newspaper, the Lancaster Ga¬ “ordinaries” were regarded: zette, was issued by PI. Miller and S. “A man and his wife we're traveling. Holland in 1752. It was published fort¬ They sat down by the road, exceed- nightly, in parallel columns, German ingly fatigued. The wife sighed, ‘I ana English. wish I was in heaven. ’ The husband The first school of which we have replied, ‘I wish I was at the tavern.’ record is in 1748, under Jacob Loeser ‘Oh, you old rogue,’ says she, ‘you al¬ organist and sexton of the Lutheran ways want to get the best place.’ ” Church. He had “a free dwelling in In 1750 Lancaster is said to have part of the school house, use of nart been “remarkable for its wealth and of the school lot, ten cords of wood for possessing the best and most in¬ half being hickory, and the sum of telligent society to be found in £10 in silver,” as his salary. America.” Even in those early days Very curioas were some of the laws it was a manufacturing place, and and customs iof “ye olden time.” Governor Pownali, visiting the bor¬ The Clerk (of Common Council sup- lPfl t In o f f nil j. , x ough in 1754, noted that “a manufac¬ plied the fat oil daily to the Constable tory is here of guns.” Whitelock, a for the use o the street lamps on such Quaker, had a brewery in 1745. Cas- nights as the moon did not shine. Cor¬ ! par Shaffner, in 1744, was a “blue poration moonlight, as it was called held good a.4 late as 1864. dyer.” In 1772 Caspar Singer had a jf I tannery in operation. Stockings were Owners oij geese who kept them also made here, and, while the mit- yoked were (exempted from responsi- bihty m case* they trespassed on other tened hands of our good foremothers / 134

Springs, where one man was killed and eleven taken prisoners. a pair out of yarn, in their Up to this date, however, her annals ments, they also used silk. are chiefly;.'of local interest; but now - the following letter from the “Inland City” begins to make ■ . Morris to Susannah Wright: history. “April 19, 1759.. From her nest, in the green hills, i cannot omit mentioning that Lancaster had heard, as^from afar, the when Gen’l Amherst was in Town, one low mutterings of the storm which cul¬ Day, his Broth’r was drinking Tea with minated in the Revolution. The pas¬ us when, as a curiosity, thy Silk Stock¬ sage of the Boston Port bill, March, ings was produced and my Brother, 1774, aroused the colonies to indigna¬ taking Notice that he seemed much tion. A meeting of the citizens was pleased with them, propos d presenting called at the Court House, June 15, I them to the Gen’l as the 1st pair made 1774, to protest against the hill, and on i here, the Eggs hatched, Balls wound, July 9, 1774, in advance of the famous | Silk twisted and Stockings wove in Mecklenberg Declaration, which was j the Province of Pensilv’a. And on not issued until-May 31, 1775, the men ! the reception he expressed surprise at of Lancaster ! the perfection of the first, and declared ' “Resolved, That it is an indispens¬ he would not put them on till he had able duty we owe to ourselves and to the pleasure of waiting on his Majesty our posterity to oppose, with decency on his return, (if, please God, he and firmness, every measure tending to should live to see that day), when he deprive us of our just rights and privi¬ did protest he would display them to leges.” the full, and drank the Lady's health A “close union of the Colonies” was I who made them.’’ also recommended. I There seems to have been some dif- In December, 1774, a Committee of | ficulty in securing vegetable seeds, as Observation was elected. They called he thus discourses in rhyme: themselves the “Committee of the As¬ sociation of the Continental Congress.” • “When Kroggs and Flys, the Land They allowed no tea to be sold upon Possess, which the stamp tax had been paid; To Moderate the Cold's Excess, they closed a dancing school, as being By croaking throat and Iluming Wing, Gladlyj to welcome the approaching unsuitable to the times, and, when the I Spring, news from Lexington came, the Asso- i When They their watery Council hold, ciation of the Freemen solemnly And these salute with Bussings Bold, j agreed “to defend and protect the I We may conclude the Winter’s past religious and civil rights of this and j And General Spring approaches fast;— Which brings to mind the Gardiner’s our sister colonies with our lives and ; care, fortunes to the utmost of our abilities j To plant and soe all things rare, i against any power whatsoever that And first we think of Colliflower's tast, shall attempt to deprive us of them.” ■ To sod? its Seed with utmost hast, They then organized themselves into For fekr the season, she’d Relaps, And we not regale our watery Chaps, companies, to “acquaint themselves ■ With its delicious tast and food, with military discipline and the art of Weh sure wo’d put in Dudgeon mood. war.” They then made arrangements Then, how shall I the Sequel tell, to secure powder, rifles, muskets and When those Possest with Seed won’t bayonets. “CHAS. NORRIS. On July 4, 1776, a convention of the “February 15, 1753." Associators of Pennsylvania met at Lancaster, to choose two Brigadier During the French and Indian Wars, Generals to command the battalions between 1754 and 1765, men from Lan¬ and forces of the colony. Daniel caster were enrolled in the Colonial Robevdean and James Ewing were forces. In 1755 preparations were elected. Over this convention George made to build a fort or block house on Ross presided. the north side of the town, between Queen and Duke streets, as a protec¬ This date marked the birth of a new tion against the Indians. March 29, nation. On it the Declaration of In¬ | 1757, they made a breach at Rocky dependence was adopted, and to this paper, on August 2, 1776, George Ross, i *in the graveyard connected with one lawyer, soldier and patriot, in bold and of the churches of the city the interment strong characters, affixed his signa¬ of persons of Illegitimate birth was pro¬ hibited. In the ’burial record of the ture. He knew, as did his colleagues, Moravian Church the interment of a that in case of failure he might say still-born infant is thus noted: ‘Buried , in silence." that he was signing his own death — - • | warrant. “We are fighting,” he said Played at $luu a game, ana at one ball to his son, “with halters around our every subscriber paid $300. His Christ necks, but we will win.” Lancaster mas dinner for 1777 consisted of “roast has not forgotten him. A pillar and turkey,plain plum pudding and minced tablet, erected by the Lancaster County Pies.” He complained that “this is a Historical Society, marks his country strange age and place in which I now home. A stained glass window is his dwell, because nothing can be had memorial in St. James’ Church. His cheap, but lies, falsehood and slander¬ grave is in Christ Church Cemetery, ous accusations.” Butter, owing to Philadelphia. the depreciation of the Continental Of the 7,357 militia and 22,198 Con¬ currency, was $40 a pound; milk 66 tinentals furnished by Pennsylvania cents a quart; bread, $4 a loaf;’ a I from 1775 to 1783, Lancaster county broom, $4; a skein of thread, $2, and. ments complete and very reputably when he, in company with ’three I officei’ed,” says Rupp, “were raised.” others, Caspar Shaffner, Daniel White I A close estimate of the population of lock and Jacob Miller, drank three the borough in 1775 would give about pints of Madeira, the cost was $150. He 3,000, and of these many served in the tells how five men were punished for army. horse stealing. They were whipped Many prisoners of war were con¬ and pilloried, and one had his ears cut fined in Lancaster. At times as large off (cropped). He complains bitterly i a number as 2,000 were in the town, of the poor servants to he had, and in

j lodged in the barracks, which were j short, is very entertaining. subsequently enclosed by a strong ; There are some of the garments j stockade. The officers were lodged in Th°rVn ^°'Se dayS sti11 ic existence. one of the public houses. Most notable l he brocades worn by the ladies were among them was Major John Andre. heavy and rich, of a quality seldom Some of the Hessians, captured at seen m these days. ’ Many of them Trenton, settled in the county. Some were cut low. and a “neckerchief” of j married, and in the church records of fine lace, siik or net covered the shoul¬ such marriages is the statement, “By ders. ^ Caps, as a "sign of some de¬ permission of his commanding officer.” gree, adorned thmlieads. Shoes were The Continental Congress met in made of silk or Damask, and often of Lancaster on September 27, 1777. The the material of the gowns. Patche« jj town became famous as a place of sup- were very much worn. Fans were j plies for the American forces. Rifles. very elaborate. One. in the posses! J blankets and clothing were manufac- Sion of Miss S. J. Myer, is said to have I tured here. In 1777 Paul Zantzinger been carried at the “Meschianza,” jD I furnished General Wayne’s men with - hiladeiphia. It is made of paper. 650 suits of uniform. Powder was J stored here in large quantities, some¬ with ladies in hoops adorning it. The times as much as twenty tons being on ivory handle is evidently of Chinese j hand. oiigin. It folds in such a way as to As was but natural, party spirit ran resemble the handle of a cane. “ She high. Thomas Barton, rector of St, also has a pair of the brilliant shoe | Jamesr Church, loyal to his ordination buckles worn by the beaux of the j vows, prayed for the King and the period. Wigs and perukes, white silk Royal family, and used the prayers hose, gold or jeweled knee-buckles, I ordered by the Parliament, though waistcoats, with silver buttons; lace ! threatened with violence and death, cravats, some costing £5, made j Finally the church was forcibly closed, their costumes as expensive as and its doors and windows boarded up. that of the women. But these He worked faithfully among his own | clothes were handed down as heir¬ people and among the Indians. looms from one generation to an¬ | Christopher Marshal], in his “Re¬ other. Of this there is proof in our membrancer,” gives many accounts of voui t records of wills. On August 10 i events in the daily life of our fore- 1746, one, John Rees, bequeathed to i fathers. He tells us that President Robert Miller, “my Plush Brichas and : Hancock was in town in 1777; that snver knee Bukels.” Trousers did Lafayette was here on January 29 and not come into general use until after j February 6, 1778. He notes that three Revolutionary times. In 1745 Martha ! grand balls were given, attended by Scott left to her daughter, Elizabeth “a great number of fops, fools, etc., of Buchanan, “one creap gown,” to her | both sexes.” The Hessian Band was daughter, Mary Donnell, “a Brown I paid £15 for each night. Cards were Fleming petticoat.” August 11, 1742, ..mealus MonoTTgn leaves to Samuel T , posure. P* e, too,”was born Robert Boyd “my best Suit of Cloatbs, which is Fulton, in I76u; Gen. Edward Hand, one new light coloured coat and one the friend and companion of Washing- , lining Hughaback Gackett and Linnon ton; Gen. Henry Miller, of Revolu- j Drawers.” In April, 1766, James Dun¬ tionary fame; Col;’ Samuel Atlee, Gen. lap bequeaths to Moses Dunlap “my Andrew Porter, Gen. John Clark, Wm. Clarret. Coat and Black Wescoat,” and Henry, and his son. Judge John Joseph to Robert Dunlap “my setowt coat and Henry; William Barton, who designed Ratteen Coat.” June 22, 1768, George the great seal of the United States; ! Fleming leaves to Rebecca Fleming Judge Jasper Yeates, Edward Shippen, 1 “one Gold Ring.” and David Ramsay, the historian. Such i Some of the costumes worn by the I are a few of the names on the roll of j! men and women of those by-gone days honor, while, in later days. Bishop j are still to be seen. One “a petticoat,” Samuel Bowman, as Churchman; ! of green satin, over which was worn Major General John F. Reynolds, as a brocade “polonese,” in Dolly Varden soldier; James Buchanan, as Presi- jl colors, is in the possession of the wife dent, and Thaddeus Stevens, as states- ; of the rector of St. James’. It be¬ man, are names familiar to all of us— longed to an ancestress of hers, the “They do not need our praising, personal friend of i-artiha Washington. For in all hearts is cherished every ! name!” A number of commissions, signed with the bold characters of John Hancock, “With the long line that files into Death’s are carefully guarded. One is in the portal They pass, 'with honor blazoned on hands or the Weaver family. each breast: In the family of Mr. Wm. H. Thack- They camp afar, upon the Plains Im¬ ara has been preserved for four genera¬ mortal, tion a miniature of beautiful Peggy Each in his tent of Rest!” I Shippen, and a letter to Martha Wash¬ MARY N. ROBINSON. 1 ington from Benedict Arnold, the arch- _ _ „ „ „ r * c r C t t V «7 A.A CV'6 6 fl 1‘ traitor, the would-be Iscariot of America. Several autograph letters of Wash- « iDgton, who visited this city in 1791, are to be found among us. His liqueur case, which he presented to Judge Yeates, is among the most prized pos¬ sessions of Mrs. S. B. Carpenter. It originally held nine cut-glass bottles, of which four still remain. And a Date, \v..'... J/*./ 9 tiny lock of hair from his venerated i- head is in the hands of Miss S. J. 1 Mjrer. In our city, too, Washington was first called “The Father of the Country.” This appeared in a Ger¬ man almanac, printed by Francis Bailey, in 1779. Its frontispiece was a portrait of Washington on a medal¬ lion, in the hand of Fame, who, with the other hand, holds to heT lips a bugle, from which are issuing the words, “Des Landes Vater.” With 170 years of history behind her, Their rieeting in the Old Court Lancaster has many sons whom she House and Its Ov ~on,e. delights to honor. Lindley Murray, the grammarian, was born in 1745 in the county which one of our Presi¬ DENOUNCED TYRANNY OF BBIPAIN. dents once called “a State in itself.” Benjamin West, born in 1738, passed Action Taken by Our Forefathers Be¬ .much of his early life in this city, and here he painted his first picture, “The fore the P?' HrUon. Death of Socrates.” A portrait of ''Adam Reigart is from his brush, as Is the sign of the old tavern, "The Hat,” ow worn and de’aced by age and ex- "W ' two Bodies thus' narnea were asked t It was on a warm afternoon, ou the 9th ceive contributions for alleviating the d. of July, in the year of grade 1774. In the tress then existing in Boston through the court house of the boron gif of Lancaster, a closing of the port. This was in the day when building that stood on the site where now Uncle Sam’s dollars and cents were un¬ stands the soldiers’ and sailors’ monument, known and when that jovial,mythical person there was a meeting of citizens of the bor¬ was as yet an unborn character. The money ough and the country, called ‘ ‘to choose a that passed in was of the style and denom¬ committee, to join with the committees of ination of King George. In the borough the other counties of this province, to meet £153 15s. 2d. was raised and in the town¬ at Philadelphia * * * for taking the ships an amount not known, all of which sentiments of the good people of this was sent to the Boston people by way of province on the present alarming and crit¬ of the hands of the Philadelphia committee. ical situation of the American Colonies.” It is interesting, as showing that as yet George Eoss, esquire, who two years later no thought (seemingly) of independence was one of the men whose names will be was in the public mind, to observe that famous while the American Union lasts and these forefathers of ours unanimously re¬ the Declaration of Independence is remem¬ solved, precedent to their action with refer¬ bered, was chairman of the meeting. ence to the appointment of these commit¬ This gathering was the outgrowth of a tees, that they considered ‘ ‘his most gracious meeting held on the 15th of June in the majesty, Ring George the Third,” to be their same place, a meeting of the borough peo¬ lawful sovereign, whom they were “will¬ ple alone, because sufficient time had not ing to defend against all his enemies.” But been afforded to extend the call to the out¬ the sting of the Stamp Act and other at¬ lying districts. The passage of the Boston tempted means to tax them was plainly still Port bill by the English Parliament, news felt, and they vehemently declared that the of which had arrived only a short time be¬ power to give and grant their money “was fore, was the cause of this convention of eiti- not constitutionally lodged in any body of zens. Those who attended it (the first men save only the Representatives in As¬ meeting) gave it, as their opinion, that the sembly”; therefore, they concluded that all act of Parliament above alluded to was “an acts of Parliament assuming such power were invasion of the rights of the citizens of Bos¬ “unconstitutional, unjust and oppressive,” ton as loyal subjects of Great Britain.” and further they held it to be “an in¬ They gave it as their judgment that “the dispensable duty,” owed to themselves and most proper and effectual means” which the posterity, “to oppose with decency and people of the colonies could use for obtain¬ firmness every measure tending to deprive ing the repeal of that act would be “the the colonists of their just rights and privi- immediate stop of all exports and imports j Rges.” They also believed that “a close to and from Great Britain.” Edward Ship- union of the colonies” and an adherence to pen, esq., George Ross, esq., Jasper Yates, a general congress were “the most likely esq., Matthias Slough, esq., James Webb, means to procure redress ot American griev¬ esq., William Atlee, esq., William Henry, ances and settle the rights of the colonie* on esq., Mr. Ludwig Lauman, Mr. William a permanent basis.” Bausman and Mr. Charles Hall were ap¬ These were some of the first steps that led pointed a committee to correspond with the to the meeting of the memorable Conti¬ General Committee of Philadelphia, where nental Congress. On the 15th of July, as like action had already been taken. provided for, George Ross and his associates The convention of July 9th seems to haye met the deputies or delegates from Phila¬ been unanimous, and it promptly agreed to delphia, Bucks, Chester, York, Cumberland, the request that had come from Phila¬ Berks, Northampton, Northumberland,’ delphia for the appointment of delegates to Bedford and Westmoreland, remaining in a convention to meet there on the 15th of session for a week. Expressing its belief July. It was decided to continue the com¬ that there was “an absolute necessity fora mittee named at the first meeting as a Congress of Deputies from the several col¬ Committee of Correspondence, and to attend onies,” the convention adopted a long and the Philadelphia convention, George Ross, elaborate draft of instructions (prepared by James Webb, Matthias Slough, Joseph Fer- a committee, of which William Atlee, of ree, Emanuel Carpenter and William Atlee, Lancaster, was one) to the Representatives, esqs., Mr. Alexander Lowry and Mr. Moses then soon to meet in General Assembly’ Irwin were appointed as delegates. directing them, among other things, “to appoint a proper number of persons to attend a Congress of Deputies from the struck tones that public sentiment won’t several uoiomes, "at such time and place as permit them to sell any tea, and that, may be agreed on, to effect one general plan though no statute or city ordinance for¬ of conduct for attaining the ninth resolve,” bids the sale, they are liable to arrest and meaning the one above quoted. The As¬ much humiliation, perhaps even greater { sembly did so_appoint deputies, and they, indignities, if they do sell tea in contraven¬ tion of the non-statutary law by public with the delegates from the other colonies, sentiment and other irregular methods made assembled in Continental Congress at Car¬ and provided. He does not hear any such penters’ Hall, Philadelphia, on the 4th of announcement, of course, and probably September, 1774, organized on the 5th, with neither he nor his' posterity ever will hear Peyton Randolph, Virginia, as President, it; but his great-grandfather, if he lived and continued in session until the 25th of here in Lancaster or in almost any other October following, among the business of town in the America of that great-grand¬ the session being the adoption of a memor¬ father’s day, felt the effect of such a law ial to the inhabitants of the American Col¬ and perhaps cheerfully acquiesced in it if onies, recommending the non-importation he didn’t, indeed, help to frame it or carry of British goods into this country and the its penalties into execution. non-exportation of American produce to In the meeting held by Lancaster citizens Great Britain; an address to the people of in the old court house on June 15, 1774, it Great Britain, a list of grievances, with a was resolved, as was stated last week in The petition to the king for their redress, and a Inquirer, that the most proper and effectual proposition for another Congress to convene means of securing a repeal, by the British on the 10th of May following, unless such Parliament, of the Boston Port bill was the redress should be afforded in the mean time. cessation of all exportation and importation to and from Great Britain. The patriotic Lancasteriaus pledged themselves to “join and concur with the patriotic Merchants, Manufacturers, Tradesmen and Freeholders F From, l' of the City and County of Philadelphia and other parts of this Province, in an Associa¬ rfL tion or Solemn Agreement to this purpose I. if the same shall by them be thought neces¬ sary.” One of the chief means of accom¬ Bate, /g, /fr* plishing the end thus sought for was recog¬ nized to be abstaining from the use and1 prohibiting the sale of any article upon IS which duty had to be paid to the repre- | sentatives of the British government in the ’I DM custom houses of the country. When the word was carried by stage coach and horse¬ back messengers that all right-hearted j Id Sill III. Americans must refuse to buy and use tea, old Lancaster town’s people were as firmly j resolved upon this course as were the in-; Our Lancaster Forefathers Were habitants of Boston into whose harbor the Like the Boston People. chests of tea were dumped during the fa¬ mous “Boston tea party.” Per a recommendation of the First Con¬ SUSPECTED DEALERS HAULED UP tinental Congress, the residents of Lancas¬ ter w ere called upon to meet at the court house on the 15th of December, 1774, to Before the Committee of Observation elect “sixty proper persons” as members of in the Days of 1775. a committee “to observe the conduct of all persons touching the general association of The average Lancaster citizen who goes the general Congress.” In other words, forth on purchases for his home commissary this committee, whose members were duly department intent, including among the chosen at the time and place fixed upon, orders that the wife of his bosom has given was “attentively to observe the conduct of him one for so much tea, finds upon every all persons * * * to the end that all hand stores where that cheering beverage in foes to the rights of British America may bej its dry state is freely offered for sale. It publicly known and universally condemned' would vastly surprise him were the heads as the enemies of American liberty”; and of such of these establishments as he hap¬ the intention of the public was clearly sei pens to patronize to inform him in awe¬ forth “thenceforth to break off aUdealiug| with him or her.” The line of duty thus | Hamilton appeared, and made his state¬ indicated was rigorously pursued aud sus¬ ment, viz., that the tea had been sold by pected parties were closely watched and, the clerk, John Taylor, during his (Hamil¬ when found guilty, were dealt with in the ton’s) absence in Philadelphia, and con¬ ] manner that the anti-tax men of that day trary to his express orders. This statement considered most fitting and effective. Of being substantiated by the clerk, Taylor, such suspected cases we have a record of under oath, the committee acquitted Ham¬ bat two. The story of what was done with ilton of the charge upon his signing the them makes very interesting reading today, following declaration: 125 years after the occurrences: “I, Charles Hamilton, of the borough of “At a meeting of the committee August Lancaster, shopkeeper, do hereby declare and assert that I utterly disapprove of the sales of 11th, they were informed that Josiali and any tea in my store since the first day of March Robert Lockhart,of Lancaster borough,shop¬ instant; and it is, and always hath been my keepers, had brought to this town a quan¬ fixed intention and determination to adhere inviolably to the association of the American tity of Tea that hath paid duty under the Continental Congress, being fully convinced late Act of Parliament. A note was there¬ that the measures proposed thereby are the fore sent to them by the committee, requir¬ only probable modes of rescuing America ing their immediate attendance. In conse¬ from British Parliamentary despotism. Wit¬ ness my hand this thirtieth day of March, A. quence thereof one of the partners called on I)., one thousand seven hundred and seventy- the commitiee, but denied their having re- five- “Charles Hamilton.” I ceived any tea; but as this account by no means appeared satisfactory from several (All His Immediate Ancestors matters which escaped the partner attend¬ ing, the committee did inspect their shop, Except His Father Were and with some difficulty learned of a chest of Bohea tea, weight, 349 neat weight, | Born in This State. which they had bought from a certain merchant in Philadelphia. The committee, taking an account of all the marks of the NAMESAKE 90 YEARS OLD case in which it was packed, removed the tea, and wrote to the committee of Phila¬ Abraham Lincoln, of ChurchtoWn, delphia, who examined the matter, and as it appeareth thatthis tea never had paid any Lancaster County, Corresponded duty, but ^xfs part of a seizure made by With His Immortal Kinsman. the Custom house, and was afterwards pur¬ chased at Publick Sale by the original owner of it, as by a letter from the committee of A great many orators and after-dinner Philadelphia, dated August 25th, wrote and speakers will talk about Abraham Lincoln signed by the Honourable Thomas Willing, to-day, and In the biographical detail that the chairman, directed to this committee, they interweave with anecdote and patri¬ appears; upon which the said teas were re¬ otism will refer to his “Western ancestry.” turned again, and the said Lockharts were Lincoln is always spoken of as one of tho acquitted.” “Western” Presidents. As a matter of fact, On the 30th of March, 1775, a complaint he was a bred-in-the-bone Pennsylvanian, was made before the committee, then in and nearly ail of his immediate ancestors sleep in a little' Quaker graveyard about session at the house of Adam Reigart, in eight miles from Reading. Lancaster borough, that Charles Hamilton, In the vicinity of Reading, in Berks coun¬ a merchant of the borough, had sold tea ty, several of the Lincolns are still living, contrary to the articles of association of the and stored away in the Court House are a Continental Congress. Thereupon Mr. Ham¬ lot of musty documents that give the his¬ ilton was summoned by the committee, as tory of the family. At Churchtown, Lan¬ follows: _ caster county, two miles from the Berks county line, is another Abraham Lincoln, “Sir_-You are charged before the coramit- more than 90 years old, who bears a remark¬ ee of this county of having vended a quantity able resemblance to the martyr President. ,f tea since the first instant, contrary to the The townships of Olney, Amity and Ex¬ issociation of the Continental Congress. The eter were settled by Quakers and Swedes •ommittee are now sitting at Mr. Adam « In the records of the early history of these Reigart’s, and desire your attendance to a places constant reference is made to the ?wer to this ch&rgs. Lincolns. The list of taxable property for George Ross, Jtjn., Clerk. 1.34 mentions Mcrdecai Lincoln, who paid “To Mr. Charles Hamilton, Shopkeeper. quit-rent of 500 acres. This was President “March 30,1775.”_ Lincoln’s great-great-grandfather. The first member of the Lincoln family to settle in Berks was Mordecai Lincoln This was about 1725. He built a stone house," 1 ^hich remains to-day practically as he left ! \ He died at the age of 65, and was buried aveyard adjoining the Exeter meei- jse. More* than six months after hi's It is rather curious to read now the1 . a son was born—Abraham Lincoln, arguments which were advanced in favor ( lecame a man of mark in Berks county of the Susquehanna. It was maintained ing the Revolution. He was active in Using trcops and forwarding supplies to by the New Englanders that John Wright the Continental army. One of the family and his son John had fixed their ferry at treasures is a letter from General Wash¬ ington complimenting him for his zeal and “the point nearest the centre of wealth, patriotism. In 1782 he was elected a member population and influence” and that the of the Pennsylvania Legislature. Later he centre of population was going to stay was elected a member of the conventiom lidre kit Columbia for many years to come. Fisher Ames,of Massachusetts, that ratified the Constitution of the United States. _ echoed the general opinion of his col¬ Mordecai Lincoln left a son named after leagues, we are told, when lie siad it was him-Mordebai, Jr. This younger Mordecai had a son Jbhn, who emigrated from Berks “perfectly romantic” to allow any consid¬ county to Virginia, -where Thomas Lincoln, eration of the country west of the Ohio, Abraham Lincoln's father, was born. The Abraham Lincoln now living at as it was an “unmeasurable wilderness Churchtown never saw the martyr Presi¬ about whose settlement no one could dent, but they had some correspondence, calculate.” To-day there are more mil- ! and the President was much interested in the story of his Pennsylvania ancestry. lions west of the Ohio river than east of j . „ ... « ■ it, the Capitol at Washington has several hundred thousands within its shadow, while here on the Susquehanna, Colirar- and Wriglitsville between them cannot From, ^i muster more than 15,000. Odd, indeed, J> d (/ Q^/P arc the vagaries of history. .tit Columbia and Wriglitsville can hardly !' be called handsome towns. They have ! a pretty location on the hillside of the j Bate, JUL. Susquehanna at a point where it is j broad, but Columbia while a prosperous j small city because of its factories, mills f.::r and furnaces, bas not developed its aes- i thetie side in harmony with its material j progress. We saw some pretty churches j : INTERESTING STORY and fine homes during a stroll from j which we have just returned, but they | OF Oil! COLUMBIA. are not the rule. Wriglitsville is more j I a village in its type, with about one- j fifth of Columbia’s inhabitants. It has,: ! From the Book “Down the however, several manufactories. Historic Susquehanna.” There was a time when Columbia had i a big trade as the southern end of the. State system of canals. That day is over, COLUMBIA’S OLD STONE MANSION. although the town is still an important freight-handling point for the Pennsyl¬ A Continuation ol’ Mr. Charles Weathers vania and the Philadelphia and Heading] Bump's Story of Columbia—Some Bits which has a road here from Heading, of Local History Which Will Inter¬ Two diminutive ferryboats towing est Our Headers -The Old Wright flat-boat for cattle and wagons are the Mansion, etc. latterday successors of the ferry which Thu following is a continuation of “The was carried on at this poiift by the j Story of Columbia,” as told by Charles Wrights. After having ridden over a&d j Weathers Bump, in his interesting book i back in a lazy fashion, with about four | entitled “Down the Historic Susque- ! persons for companions on voyage, it I hanna.” j seems hard for me to believe this was The chapter relating to Columbia con¬ I once such an important ferry point that ns so much valuable information for Co- j emigrants often had to wait two or three 1 vkfns> tl lat we publish it in full. The days to get themselves, their equipment, \ ' Mhnent appeared last evening. their stock across to the west. side. A et that is what we arc told happened in tile 141 bright, by the wav wasFn mVn f

'' ^(' rosistSd in sturdy fashion ho encroaohmc-Hts 0f t+10 Maryland men where Miss Wright carried on the first der Gresap, who wished to take nos silk-culturo experiments in America ™.onottl,ela„ak,KaboMsfot.^| .Susanna Wright, though she' never Baltimore ; he named Lancaster county married, had her heart romance just the a tei h,s native county of Lancasliire, in same. Among her father’s ' earliest j England, and was a presiding justice of neighbors and friends was Samuel Blums- i I »ort for many year" His I ton, surveyor of the region. He “took | up” land near that of John Wright, but ! j side Mb’ Ved °n the York county I ferry ‘e er ancl reaIb' carried on the j when he came to build a house he found no spot on it that suited him. Susanna i' I IWoSl? UntJ1 a!ter their deaths that I Wright supplied him with a site by deed- tv,i i T °n the easfc bank became i mg to him a corner of a plot bought, by j her father in her name, and from that i I w st“btka b1 Wright’S Fe^ o» the I tVrLu n b6Came dignified into the time the two were close friends. Bluns- | ton was a widower, his wife died soon | InedCo. was laid out and! named Columbia by Samuel Wright a after he came into the neighbornood. I „hgrandsonnnf ,.of the pmutei.pioneer Th;«tins occurred° , Susanna probably never married him be- I about the time ot the agitation for mak- cause she wished to. devote her time in ng Right’s Ferry the National Cap ^ caring for her younger brothers aifdj l which most likely had something Vdo looking after her father. But she helped I bM ' ' 1G selectlon of the name of Colum- ( Blnnstop in bis surveying work by her ' knowledge of mathematics, and she gave hnn much prudent advice and counsel °fi lool-ino- cm \ " g t home, a solid- I alter the manner of a wise Colonial’nil. tookm stone house. It faces on the ‘Second street back from the river and ! s leans above the railroad tracks. In ’ its century and a half of history it bus - / seen many exciting incidents A te Ifatin 1755 was used ; vicinity it ^ *hrmed- settlers of this 1 and do w T ° WaIls’ narrow windows and double doors of oak making it a formidable place. b wSTZ. Z** **»*. 1 t*n markM? » *“ 0nc of «>« most re markable ot colonial dames. She was I n owed with extraordinary intellect ‘ was familiar with higher mathemat c!’ *as an expert in business affairs and law gave much attention to the study of medicine, knew a great deal about pLs ics and had gifts m the direction of painting She com-kM with 1and one of the wave in

!'in ”cLf'\u‘:fdisti,,c,i0"—b>''>«•■»- l.e°neat,:‘tr F™ ^ “lk from Fmvmr 1 from eggs procured li on Europe she raised a large number t silkworms, and then sent the raw silk product to Paris be woven. T1 Jb

her with

K'° ‘T*'™ of the Wright family ,t .lathe,- interesting to note that'thore I ’W M“,S » “«k 'aetory in the p, "e

(j/ie 9th Payment and the 7th TJ/emorial

Service.

£ion dll/therein Churchy

97/anheim, Penn’a, Sunday, the /2th of jhune, 7S9S.

Baron Henry William Stikgel : "He was one who stood alone, While the men he agonized for Hurled the contumelious stone. * * * We in silent awe return, To glean tip his scattered ashes Into History's golden urn.”

Sfnumel Printing House.

MANHFIM, PA. p,rogrcimmc ♦

g a. m.—Sunday School Congress

10 a. m.—Memorial Sermon, Rev. S. Gring Hefelbower. i p. m.—Feast of Roses. Organ Voluntary, - - Mrs. W. D. Keeny. Anthem,—‘■'■The Queen of Flowers" (Prof. U. H. Her shey), - - - - Choir. Prayer. - - - Rev. S. C. Enck. Music—“All Tlail the Power" - Audience.

All hail the power of Jesns’ name! Let angels prostrate fall; Bring forth the royal diadem, And crown Him Lord of all.

The Baron’s Mansion at Manheim, Built 1763.

Ye Gentile sinners, ne’er forget The wormwood and the gall ; Go, spread your trophies at His feet. And crown Him Lord of all! Let ev’ry kindred, ev’ry tribe. On this terrestrial ball, To Him all majesty ascribe, And crown Him Lord of all!

Poem—“ Baron Stiege/’s Home coming" (Prof. C. K. Binkley), — — Mrs. C. K. Binkley.

Music—"Rock of Ages Cleft for Mel' — Audience.

Rock of Ages ! cleft for me, Let me hide myself in Thee ! Let the Water and the Blood, From Thy riven side that flowed, Be of sin the double cure ; Save me Lord, and make me pure. Nothing in my hand I bring, Simply to Thy Gross I cling; Naked, come to Thee lor dress ; Helpless, look to Thee for grace; Foul, 1 to the Fountain fly; Wash me, Saviour, or I die ! While I draw this fleeting breath, When mine eyelids close in death, When I rise to worlds unknown, See Thee on Thy judgment throne,— Rock of Ages ! cleft for me, Let me hide myself in Thee !

Addresses, — Lancaster County Historical Society.

Memorial Collection.

Address, — — — — Prof. M D. Learned.

Music—Come Thou Almighty King" - Audience.

Come, Thou almighty King, Help us Thy name to sing, Help us to praise ! Father all-glorious, O’er all victorious, Come and reign over ns. Ancient of days.

The Baron’s Office, still standing, Northwest Corner Market Square.

Jesus, our Lord, descend ; From all our foes defend, Nor let us fall; Let Thine almighty aid Our sure defence be made, Our souls on Thee be stay’d Lord, hear our call! To Thee, great One in Three, The highest praises be, Hence evermore! Thy sov’reign majesty Mav we in glory see. And to eternity Love and adore!

Payment of the Rose, - - By the Pastor. Acceptance, By the Stiegel Heirs. Music,—■“ God Be With You'' Audience.

God be with you till we meet again ! By His counsels guide, uphold you, With His sheep securely fold you ; God be with you till we meet again !

CHORUS. Till we meet! Till we meet! Till we meet at Jesiis’ feet; Till we meet! Till we meet! God be with you till we meet again !

God be with you till we meet again !— ’Neath His wings securely hide you. Daily manna still provide you ; God be with you tilt we meet again !

God be with you till we meet again !-— Keep love’s banner floating o’er you, Smite death’s threat’ning wave before you, God be with you till we meet again !

Benediction. Rev. T. S Minker.

Contribution of Roses by the Audience.

i The Roses contributed will be sent to eleemosynary institutions.

The First Lutheran Church, Erected 1770, on the Northwest Corner of the Plot.

Note.—The Feast of Roses is annually celebrated on the Second Sunday in June.

'T i m 1 l <