international social science council / conseil international des sciences sociales

newsletter Comparative Research Programme On Poverty Vol. 8, No. 1, March 2001

contents frontiers of poverty research

Page 1 POVERTY AND ENERGY in-depth studies on the impact on poverty reduction by consumptive, productive and In spite of the international attention on social energy services. The traditional divi- Poverty and Energy poverty reduction, the energy and poverty sion of the energy sector into electricity, by Nienke Swagemakers linkages remain virtually unattended. The fossil fuels, modern renewable energies and World Bank has shown that approximately traditional use of wood fuel and other bio- 40% of the world population today lack mass resources hampers an integrated un- access to modern energy services. It is ac- derstanding of energy options for the poor. Page 2 knowledged that improving access to pro- Much has been done to raise awareness on ductive, consumptive and social energy the primary importance of bio-mass re- services in rural areas could be a key factor sources for the energy economy of most Demography of Poverty to enhancing local sustainable development. developing countries. Except for gender stud- in Latin America During the past decades, much experience ies, human energy and animal power are has been gained in the field of rural energy. generally neglected despite the important Traditional technologies have been im- role they play in the lives of poor people. proved and research and development on Most of the research on poverty and pov- Page 3 new energy technologies have resulted in erty reduction has been conducted in the mature products that are commercially avail- social and economic sciences. Unfortunately able. New institutional and financial mecha- people within the energy sector hardly picked Editorial nisms offer new opportunities to deliver up the results and consequences of this kind energy services to poor people. Furthermore of research and experience. To overcome the Call for papers the policy context is changing: governments gap between the energy and poverty field an are increasingly reducing their involvement improved insight into poverty in its relation in the provision of basic services and leave to the energy needs, priorities and options of CROP Scientific the field open to the private sector. The the poor is necessary. To contribute to fill- Committee 2001-2002 “climate change” agenda has created mo- ing-up this gap, a participatory research mentum to start the implementation of en- program on energy and poverty, EASE (Ena- ergy efficiency and renewable energy bling Access to Sustainable Energy) has projects in order to reduce emissions of been developed. The mission of EASE is to Page 4 greenhouse gases. Despite the huge envi- improve insight into energy and poverty ronmental benefits, it is obvious that most links and to promote sustainable energy projects and investments aimed at cost-ef- options among local stakeholders that con- New Centre fective mitigation of climate change do not tribute effectively to poverty reduction in for International address poverty reduction effectively. rural areas. Lessons learnt from initiatives aimed at im- Poverty Research In June 2000 the EASE programme, financed proving energy services for the poor are by the Dutch Government, has been initiated scarce and have not been used to promote by a one-year inception phase in 3 develop- Notices changes of policies and actions by govern- ing countries: Bolivia, Tanzania and Viet- ments and the private sector. It is hard to find nam. In each country a local organisation C R O P S e c r e t a r i a t , F o s s w i n c k e l s g a t e 7 , N - 5 0 0 7 B e r g e n, N o r w a y

CROP Secretariat A Ph: +47 55 58 97 39 Fax: +47 55 58 97 45 Post e-mail: [email protected] http://www.crop.org Comparative Research Programme On Poverty, ISSC takes the lead to form a national EASE team inception phase, pilot studies will be imple- from a process perspective, not as a static and a national advisory board representing mented to test the research methodologies in segment within society. For example, one different stakeholders of society such as practice. focus will be the role of (changing) energy governments, NGOs, academic and private After the inception phase, EASE will enter a services when people become poorer or when sector organisations. FAO joined the EASE full-fledged implementation phase. Detailed people become better-off. Insight into these initiative through a pilot program to be im- energy and poverty studies will be under- linkages will be shared with policy makers. plemented in Honduras. taken in different developing countries, partly Local actions will be supported to promote During the inception phase a methodologi- based on the lessons learnt from the incep- sustainable energy options that have a posi- cal framework for research will be devel- tion phase. In each country, an analysis will tive impact on poverty reduction. oped. This will enable a comparison of the be made of the poverty oriented activities of Readers may take this opportunity to share EASE results on a country-by-country ba- organisations within the energy sector and of their experience and capacity with us. More sis. As existing information on energy and energy oriented activities within organisa- information on EASE is available through poverty links is scarce, new information will tions involved in poverty reduction. Field Nienke Swagemakers at ETC Energy, P.O. be gathered. Existing experiences in e.g. the research will complement the “white spots” in Box 64, 3830 AB Leusden, The Netherlands, agricultural and forestry sector will be used the current knowledge of local and (inter-) email: [email protected] and each national team will develop a na- national stakeholders on energy and poverty tional EASE research toolkit. To finalise the linkages. The research will look at poverty Demography of Poverty in Latin America A workshop on Demography of Poverty in infant health in Puerto Rico”; Francisca 1996”; Ernesto Chávez Negrín, Cuba, Latin America was held in Buenos Aires 9-11 Márquez, Chile, ”Trayectorias ocupacionales ”Población y crisis económica en Cuba: la November 2000, organised in co-operation y movilidad social en habitantes de extrema familia y la dinámica demográfica del período between CROP and Consejo Latinoamericano pobreza en Santiago de Chile y Montevideo, especial”; Gian Matteo Apuzzo, Italy. ”Glo- de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO). The main Uruguay”; Esteban Nina Baltazar, Colombia, balization and fight for urban space: poverty sponsor of the event was the Mellon Founda- ”Movilidad social y transmisón and citizenship in a global city”; Laura tion, with additional funding from UNESCO, intergeneracional de la pobreza en Colom- Tavares Ribeiro Soares, Brazil, “A demografia Brazil; CLACSO; Ministerio de Desarrollo bia”; Susana Beatriz Torrado, Argentina, da pobreza e as politicas sociais na America Social y Medio Ambiente/SIEMPRO; “Dinámica demográfica y reproducción de la Latina: transicao ou retrocesso?”. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires/ pobreza (Argentina, 1945-1999)”; Jorge Secretary General of CLACSO, Dr. Atilio A. Secretarìa de Promociòn Social; CLACSO and Ernesto Martínez Pizarro, Chile, “Demografía Boron; The Argentinean Secretary of Social CROP. de la pobreza en un caso de transición Policy, Dr. Eduardo Bustelo, and Chair of 21 papers were presented and 44 people par- demográfica avanzada, Chile”; Diego F. CROP, Prof. Else Øyen, opened the workshop ticipated in the workshop which was carried Casaravilla, Argentina, “Comprendiendo la with presentations of the issues to be dis- out in Spanish and English. demografía de la inmigración indocumentada cussed. The discussions at the workshop en el Cono Sur”; Vladimir Ruvinsky, Colom- The workshop was planned by a Programme provided a broad exchange of ideas and con- bia, “The internal migration and urban pov- Committee consisting of: Dr. Atilio A. Boron, cepts crossing disciplinary and cultural bor- erty in contemporary Colombia”; Silvana Secretary General of CLACSO, Argentina; ders. The more experienced researchers pro- Vargas (presented by Prof. Leif Jensen), USA, Prof. Leif Jensen, The Pennsylvania State vided valuable input to the new generation of “New place, new life: the occupational adap- University, USA; Prof. Alfredo Lattes, Centro researchers working with poverty and de- tation of young migrants and non-migrants in de Estudios de Población (CENEP), Argen- mography in Latin America. Lima, Peru”; Camilo Contreras Delgado, tina; Prof. Carlos Welti Chanes, Universidad Some of the papers from the workshop will be Mexico, ”Movilidad laboral geográfica: Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), included in a book about Poverty and Demog- recurso social y económico en la cuenca Mexico; and Prof. Simone Wajnman, raphy in Latin America. Prof. Leif Jensen will carbonífera de Coahuila, México”; Martin co-ordinate the work, and members of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Valdivia, Peru, “Household structure and pov- Programme Committee for the workshop will A background paper for the workshop was erty over the life cycle: a first look at evidence function as the board of editors for the book. prepared in March 2000, by Carlos Welti from Peruvian cohorts”; Paula Crabtree, Nor- Chanes, President of the Mexican Society of way, “Divisions of relative poverty between CROP/CLACSO CO-OPERATION Demography. contrasting households in insular south The recent workshop in Buenos Aires will be The following papers were presented and Chile”; Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Solera, followed up by an increased amount of activ- discussed: Elinor Bisig, Argentina, ”La salud Mexico, Características económicas, demográficas y sociales de la población que ity by CROP in Latin America. During the reproductiva adolescente en la provincia de vive en condiciones de pobreza en el estado de workshop an agreement for future academic Córdoba, República Argentina”; Dalia Elena Hidalgo”; Carmen Ledo, The Netherlands, and administrative co-operation between Romero Montilla, Brazil, ”La mortalidad ”Pobreza, inequidad y exclusión social en CROP and CLACSO was finalised. A meeting infantil en América Latina desde los años Cochabamba – Bolivia”; Camilo Perez- of the interim-board of CROP Amèrica Latina ochenta. Estudio de su relación con el th Bustillo, Mexico D.F.,“Making indigenous (CROP-AL) took place on November 11 . deterioro socio-económico”; Elsa Mabel people count: the demographics of indigenous Here it was agreed that the first joint CROP- López and Andrea Federico, Argentina, poverty in Latin America”; Carlos Henrique CLACSO activity would be a workshop on ”Salud de las mujeres y vulnerabilidad: vida Aguiar Serra, Brazil, “Identidad, violencia y Indigenous Populations and Poverty. See reproductiva y prácticas preventivas”; R. S. exclusión social en Caxias do Sul: 1985- Call for papers on page 3. Oropesa, USA, “Poverty, prenatal care, and Vol. 8. No. 1, March 2001 2 Comparative Research Programme On Poverty, ISSC editorial CALL FOR PAPERS This issue of the CROP newsletter marks a significant shift in the life of the Compara- CROP, CLACSO AND FLACSO CONVENE A WORKSHOP ON tive Research Programme on Poverty as Else Øyen moves from being Chair of the INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS AND POVERTY: CROP Scientific Committee to becoming MULTI-DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES instead Scientific Director of CROP. Else Øyen, of course, is the founding spirit whose GUATEMALA, PRIMO N OVEMBER 2001 vision, energy and drive sparked the crea- CROP, Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) and Facultad tion of this remarkable interactive network Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO) will organise a joint workshop on Indig- of poverty researchers which was launched enous Populations and Poverty. The workshop will have a multi-disciplinary character, in by the International Social Science Council order to respond adequately to the manifold problems indigenous populations are con- (ISSC) in 1992 in close collaboration with fronted with. See CROP and CLACSOs websites for more information. UNESCO’s Sector for Social and Human Sciences. And she has led it unerringly THE DEADLINE FOR ABSTRACTS IS 1 JUNE 2001 since then through its first international Deadline for submission of papers is September 1, 2001. All enquiries about the workshop conference held in 1994 [which led to should be addressed to the CROP Secretariat, Fosswinckelsgate 7, N- 5007 Bergen, Norway, the publication Poverty: A global review - Tel: +47-5558-9744, Fax: +47-5558-9745, e-mail: [email protected], or to Alberto Cimadamore, Handbook on International Poverty Re- CLACSO, Callao 875, piso 3, 1023 Buenos Aires, Argentina, ph: +54-11-4811-6588, fax: +54- search which she co-edited with S.M. Miller 11-4812-8459, E-mail: [email protected] from the United States and Syed Abdus Samad from ] to the present day. In the process she has drawn into the CROP SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE 2001-2002 network a large number of active and com- The CROP Scientific Committee 2001-2002 • Prof. Maria Petmesidou, GREECE; mitted researchers who are based all over was appointed by the ISSC General Assem- • Prof. Rhoda Reddock, TRINIDAD AND the world, in Africa, and Latin America bly in December 2000, and now has the fol- TOBAGO; as well as in Europe, both East and West, lowing members: • Prof. Elisa Reis, BRAZIL; and North America. In addition to those • Prof. Nader Said, THE PALESTINE; actively involved, attending CROP confer- • Prof. Francis Wilson, Chair of CROP, • Prof. Syed Abdus Samad, BANGLA- ences, reading and commenting on each SOUTH AFRICA; DESH; other’s papers, there are another sixteen • Prof. Julio Boltvinik, Vice-Chair of CROP, • Prof. Amartya Sen, USA/BRITAIN; hundred or more members of the network MEXICO; • Prof. Julia Szalai, HUNGARY; who like to keep in touch, to receive publi- • Prof. Ellen Bortei-Doku Aryeetey, Vice- • Prof. Giancarlo Vilella, BELGIUM; cations, and generally to be part of the buzz. Chair of CROP, GHANA; • Prof. Lin Zhu, CHINA What is remarkable is that CROP was • Prof. Abdel Ghaffar M. Ahmed, ETHIO- founded before the Internet was fully PIA; Prof. Else Øyen, Scientific Director of CROP. launched and yet is inconceivable without • Prof. Atilio Boron, ARGENTINA; Prof. Willem van Genugten, Legal Adviser it. No less remarkable is the diversity of • Prof. Jenny Bryant-Tokalu, FIJI; to CROP. • Prof. Veena Das, INDIA; membership and participation. This is no CROP thanks the outgoing members and • Prof. Nicolai Genov, BULGARIA; Washington-based organization with many welcomes the new committee. We look for- • Prof. Svetlana Glinkina, RUSSIA; buildings, large staff, and a consensus ward to working with you to further develop • Prof. S.M. Miller, USA; view. It is a network owned by its partici- the agenda of poverty research worldwide. pants and with a minute (and overworked !) • Prof. Thandika Mkandawire,UNRISD; secretariat based at the University of Bergen (which has been generously and imagina- POVERTY AND THE ENVIRON- able development, it would seem that Rio tively supportive). CROP is the ultimate MENT: INITIATIVE FROM THE +10 is likely to provide an opportunity for setting priorities, for revising Agenda 21, ‘light structure’ and a model for genuinely NEW CHAIR collaborative research around the world. It and generally rethinking the link between Readers will be aware that Rio +10, the con- is somehow typical of CROP that Else Øyen’s poverty and the environment particularly ference to assess where the world has got to successor as chairperson should be drawn from the perspective of the south. Since the since the U.N. conference to discuss sus- from a University that is nearly as far south Rio conference in 1992 the forces of tainable development was held in Rio de as Bergen is north. globalisation have become more manifest Janeiro in 1992, is scheduled to take place in and the problems of the environment more In thanking Else Øyen for all that she has Johannesburg, South Africa, in about 18 urgent. Within this context issues of agricul- done to make CROP what it is we take heart months from now. This happening which is ture and food security, of fresh drinking from the fact that she is not leaving but likely to include an official, U.N. organized, water for all, to mention only two clearly rather finding a way, typically, of sharing meeting of governments as well as a Busi- require further strategic thinking. During the the process of building and of drawing ness Forum and an NGO Forum provides a months that lie ahead members of CROP others in. She will remain, as Scientific Di- special opportunity to members of a network need to think through how best to partici- rector, to inspire and guide. Hopefully she such as CROP. Given the particular focus of pate in this global debate. will now also have a little more time for the host South African government on is- writing. sues of poverty within a context of sustain- Francis Wilson, Chair of CROP (E-mail: [email protected]) Francis Wilson, Chair of CROP Vol. 8. No. 1, March 2001 3 Comparative Research Programme On Poverty, ISSC

CENTRE FOR INTERNATIONAL CROP IN BRIEF POVERTY RESEARCH LIST OF CROP EVENTS CROP is a world-wide network of researchers and experts on poverty. The The Faculty of Social Sciences, University 2001 aim of CROP is to establish an arena for of Bergen, Norway, has established a Cen- March 2001 interdisciplinary and comparative research tre for International Poverty Research (CIP) 15-17: CMI (The Chr. Michelsen Institute) on poverty in developed and developing from February 1, 2001. Professor Else Øyen and CROP co-organise a conference in Ber- countries. CROP organises regional is head of the new centre, which has been gen, Norway, for UNDP on "Poverty workshops, symposia and international given a special responsibility to administer Reduction Strategies: What have we conferences, promotes joint research the CROP programme. learned?". projects and publications, links poverty The decision to establish the Centre is a researchers and disseminates information strong signal from the University of Bergen April 2001 about poverty research, on a non-profit as to the importance of academic poverty 23: "Ethics of Poverty Reduction: Interna- basis. CROP has developed a database on research in today’s world of globalisation tional Actors, Donors and Elites" Workshop poverty researchers, and documentation and widespread poverty. A professorship organised with Norwegian philosophers, of ongoing research. in International Poverty Research will be University of Bergen, Norway advertised shortly. This is the first profes- If you wish to have your name listed in sorship of its kind in the Nordic countries. May 2001 CROPnet, you are welcome to write to the 3-4: "Law and Poverty IV". Workshop Secretariat and request a copy of the CROP organised with the International Institute Database Survey form. For further informa- HUBERT H. HUMPHREY FEL- for the Sociology of Law (IISL) in Oñati, tion please contact the CROP Secretariat LOWSHIP PROGRAM Spain. WEB PAGE FOR CROP The Institute of International Education is July 2001 Those who have an Internet connection calling for applicants for the 2002-3003 Hubert The empirical case studies in the CROP/IDS and a WWW browser programme installed H. Humphrey Fellowship Program. Spon- Elite project will be presented and reviewed on the computer, find the CROP web page sored by the U.S. government, the Fellow- at a workshop in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. at http://www.crop.org The pages hold ship brings accomplished professionals from Participation by invitation only. general information about CROP, news designated countries of Africa, Latin about past and ongoing activities, as well America, the Caribbean, Asia, East/Central August 2001 as the latest CROP newsletter. Europe and Eurasia to the United States at 10-12: "Water, Poverty and Social a midpoint in their careers for a year of study Development". Session at the International Please note: We can no longer answer the and related professional experience. Water History Association conference "The increased demand for copies of single Visit http://www.iie.org/pgms/hhh on Role of Water in History and Development," papers presented at CROP conferences and Internet for more information or contact the University of Bergen, Norway. workshops. However, if you have the Public Affairs Section at the United States patience, most of the papers become Embassy in your country. November 2001 available through the publications that "Indigenous Populations and Poverty: follow the conferences and will be duly Multi-Disciplinary Approaches", a joint announced. We still supply the authors NEW POVERTY REPORT CROP/CLACSO/FLACSO workshop, Gua- addresses, phone & fax numbers. temala. The International Fund for Agricultural De- velopment (IFAD) has published ”The Ru- At the CROP Secretariat you will ral Poverty Report 2001” NEW BOOK ON POVERTY meet: The report argues that progress in reducing The recently published book, "Poverty, En- Else Øyen, Scientific Director of CROP rural poverty has stalled. In the 1990s, it fell vironment and Development", analyses Kirsti Thesen Sælen, Co-ordinator to less than one third of the rate needed to countries in the Asian Pacific region to Einar Braathen, Programme Officer meet the ’ commitment to examine the empirical basis for the Inge Erling Tesdal, Executive Officer halve world poverty by 2015. Although hypothesized "downward spiral" or "vicious three quarters of the world’s 1.2 billion circle" relationship between increasing extremely poor people live and work in rural poverty and environmental degradation. The THE QUOTE areas, aid to agriculture, their main source of study was initiated by the Association of income, has fallen by two thirds. Thus to Asian Social Science Research Councils and «Poverty is to be without become successful, poverty reduction poli- is a follow up of the 1995 World Summit for cies must focus on rural areas. Social Development. voice and without choice» Download the report from IFAD’s website For ordering information contact UNESCO, Charles Bassett at http://www.ifad.org/pub/index.htm. For Box 967, Prakanong Post Office, Bangkok Canadian International ordering information contact IFAD, Via del 10110, Thailand, Tel: +66-2-391-0879, Fax: Serafico, 107 - 00142 Rome, Italy, Tel: 39- Development Agency +66-2-391-0866, E-mail: rushsap@- 0654591, Fax +39-065043463, E-mail proap.org [email protected]. Vol. 8. No. 1, March 2001 page 4