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Melacak Jejak Kesultanan Banten Kabartangsel.com Berbagi Kabar Tentang Tangerang Selatan http://kabartangsel.com Melacak Jejak Kesultanan Banten [caption id="attachment_1058" align="alignleft" width="300"] (Banten Di Tahun 1600)[/caption] Banten dikenal sebagai salah satu wilayah di Tanah Air yang sangat kental dengan nuansa keislamannya. Sejarah perkembangan dan penyebaran Islam di ‘’tanah para jawara’’ itu tak lepas dari pengaruh Kesultanan Banten. Islam telah masuk di Banten sekitar tahun 1524-1525, semasa Banten masih di bawah pemerintahan Kerajaan Sunda yang dipimpin Prabu Pucuk Umun dan anaknya yang bernama Prabu Seda. Adalah Syarif Hidayatullah atau Sunan Gunung Jati yang menyebarkan Islam di wilayah barat pulau Jawa itu. Syarif Hidayatullah bahkan sempat menjadi penguasa Islam pertama di Banten. Namun, ia tak mengangkat dirinya sebagai sultan. Tahta kesultanan itu diamanahkan kepada putranya yang bernama Maulana Hasanuddin. Oleh Kesultanan Demak dan Cirebon, Maulana Hasanuddin ditugaskan untuk mengislamkan bagian barat Pulau Jawa, tepatnya Banten. Kerajaan Banten bercorak Islam didirikan karena Kesultanan Cirebon mendengar informasi adanya perjanjian antara Portugis dengan Kerajaan Padjajaran yang berencana membangun benteng di Sunda Kelapa (Jakarta). Konon, Portugis dan Padjajaran berniat untuk menghambat penyebaran Islam di bagian barat Pulau Jawa. Kala itu, Padjajaran merupakan satu-satunya kerajaan Hindu yang masih eksis di Pulau Jawa. Para wali mengegelar perundingan dan memutuskan untuk menguasai Banten terlebih dahulu. Sebab, Banten merupakan pintu gerbang untuk masuk ke Jawa Barat. Pada 1525 M, pasukan gabungan dari Kesultanan Demak dan Cirebon bersama laskar-marinir yang dipimpin Maulana Hasanuddin menyerbu Kadipaten Banten Girang yang bercorak Hindu. Pasukan gabungan itu tidak mengalami kesulitan dalam menguasai Banten. Pasukan gabungan berhasil mengalahkan Prabu Pucuk Umun sebagai adipati Banten Girang, 1 / 3 Kabartangsel.com Berbagi Kabar Tentang Tangerang Selatan http://kabartangsel.com kala itu. Pada 1526, Maulana Hasanuddin berhasil merebut Banten dari Padjajaran. ‘’Secara strategi perang, Padjajaran memang kalah oleh Demak dan Cirebon, sehingga Syarif Hidayatullah berani menempatkan anaknya, Maulana Hasanuddin di Banten,’’ ujar Mufti Ali, sejarawan dari Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin. Setelah penaklukan tersebut, pada 1526 lahirlah Kadipaten Banten yang bercorak Islam dibawah naungan Demak dan Cirebon. Maulana Hasanuddin dinobatkan sebagai adipatinya. Pada tahun yang sama, Maulana Hasanuddin menikah dengan Nyi Ratu Ayu Kirana, putri mahkota Sultan Trenggana (Demak III). Saat itu usia Hasanuddin masih 26 tahun. Semenjak Banten Girang berhasil dikalahkan oleh penguasa Islam, terjadilah peralihan kekuasaan. Kekuasaan Islam bertambah jaya ketika pusat Kesultanan Banten dipindah ke Banten Lama yang terletak di kawasan pesisir pantai utara Pulau Jawa bagian barat. Pemindahan ini merupakan suatu pilihan penting untuk mengembangkan perdagangan, sehingga bandar Banten di pesisir yang berfungsi pusat politik maupun ekonomi berkembang dengan pesat. Pemindahan kota pusat kerajaan itu dimaksudkan untuk memudahkan hubungan antara pesisir utara pulau Jawa dengan pesisir Sumatera bagian barat melalui Selat Sunda dan Samudera Indonesia. Maulana Hasanuddin pun mulai membangun kota Banten sebagai negara-kota (city-state), sekaligus sebagai kota bandar (harbour city). Tata letak keraton, alun-alun, masjid, pasar, dan jaringan jalan menunjukkan pola morfologi kota yang hampir sama dengan kota-kota Islam lainnya di Jawa, seperti Cirebon dan Demak. Benteng pertahanan pun mulai dibangun di sekeliling negara kota itu. Penduduk yang terkonsentasi di kota Benteng tersebut pada saat itu berjumlah sekitar 70 ribu jiwa. Maulana Hasanuddin kemudian mengkonsolidasi pasukan dan mendeklarasikan Banten sebagai kesultanan independen dari Demak. Sehingga pada 1552, lahirlah Kesultanan Banten. Maulana Hasanuddin diangkat sebagai Sultan Banten. Ia memerintah selama 18 tahun (1552-1570). Kota Surosowan (Banten Lor) pun didirikan sebagai ibu kota Kesultanan Banten. Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin adalah raja sekaligus pemuka agama. Ia memberikan andil yang sangat besar dalam meletakkan fondasi Islam di Nusantara sebagai salah seorang pendiri Kesultanan Banten. Hal ini telah dibuktikan dengan kehadiran bangunan peribadatan berupa masjid dan sarana pendidikan Islam, seperti pesantren. ‘’Ia juga mengirim mubalig ke berbagai daerah yang telah dikuasainya,’’ tutur Mufti. Sebagai sultan pertama, Maulana Hasanuddin membangun insfrastruktur perkotaan Islam modern, antara lain membangun Keraton Surosowan sebagai pusat pemerintah, membangun Masjid Agung Banten sebagai pusat peribadatan, membangun alun-alun sebagai pusat informasi dan berkomunikasi dengan rakyatnya. Yang tak kalah pentingnya, ia juga membangun Pelabuhan Karangantu sebagai pelabuhan 2 / 3 Kabartangsel.com Berbagi Kabar Tentang Tangerang Selatan http://kabartangsel.com internasional yang menghantarkan Banten sebagai kesultanan dengan pelabuhan terkuat di Nusantara. Pesatnya aktivitas niaga yang berlangsung di berbagai bandar tersebut, terutama di Sunda Kelapa dan Banten tidak terlepas dari pengaruh jatuhnya Malaka ke tangan Portugis pada 1511. Pedagang-pedagang Islam yang semula berdatangan ke Malaka, mulai enggan berhubungan dengan pedagang Portugis yang beragama Kristen. Portugis pun lebih suka berdagang dengan orang yang beragama Hindu. Karena Selat Malaka dan kota Malaka pada masa itu telah dikuasai Portugis, maka tak sedikit para pedagang datang untuk mengadakan transaksi jual beli berbagai komoditas di Banten. Sumber tertulis menyebutkan para pedagang itu berasal dari Arab, Abesinia, Belanda, Cina, Denmark, Gujarat, Inggris, Prancis, Persia, dan Turki. Kebesaran Kesultanan Banten pada masa ini ditunjang oleh beberapa faktor, seperti letak geografis yang stategis, kondisi lingkungan (ekologis) yang menguntungkan, struktur masyarakat, dan pemerintahan yang kuat. Pada waktu kota Banten menjadi pusat pemerintahan, kota ini banyak didatangi oleh para pedagang asing dan Nusantara. Kota Banten menjadi ramai karena terletak pada jalur perdagangan internasional dan merupakan penghasil komoditas lada. Para pedagang asing yang datang ke Banten, selain berdagang juga mencatat keadaan kota. Keberadaan Banten lama sebagai pusat kesultanan dan kota bandar yang dilengkapi dengan berbagai sarana diberitakan jelas oleh Belanda ketika mengirimkan ekspedisi pertamanya menuju Banten di bawah Corenelis de Houtman. Houtman menggambarkan keberadaan kota Banten sebagai keraton, masjid, alun-alun, pasar, pelabuhan, jalan, serta perdagangan di pasar Karangantu, perkampungan penduduk dari berbagai tempat di Indonesia. Kala itu, struktur masyarakat Banten amat multietnis, yakni yang berasal dari Melayu, Benggala, Gujarat, Abesenia, Cina, Arab, Pegu, Turki, Persia, Belanda, Portugis, dan para pedagang dari Nusantara seperti dari Ambong, Belanda, Maluku, Selor, Makasar, Sumbawa, Jaratan, Gersik, Pati, Sumatera, dan Kalimantan. (Republika/kt) 3 / 3 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
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