There Has Never Been a 'Timber War'
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Brendan Lacy M.Arch Thesis.Indb
The Green Scare: Radical environmental activism and the invention of “eco-terror- ism” in American superhero comics from 1970 to 1990 by Brendan James Lacy A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfi llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2021 © Brendan James Lacy 2021 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required fi nal revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Abstract American environmentalism became a recognizable social move- ment in the 1960s. In the following two decades the movement evolved to represent a diverse set of philosophies and developed new protest methods. In the early 1990s law enforcement and govern- ment offi cials in America, with support from extraction industries, created an image of the radical environmental movement as danger- ous “eco-terrorists.” Th e concept was deployed in an eff ort to de-val- ue the environmental movement’s position at a time of heightened environmental consciousness. With the concept in place members of the movement became easier to detain and the public easier to deter through political repression. Th e concept of “eco-terrorism” enters popular media relatively quickly indicated by the proliferation of superhero comics in the ear- ly 1990s that present villainous environmental activists as “eco-ter- rorists.” Th is imagery contrasts comics from 1970 which depicted superheroes as working alongside activists for the betterment of the world. -
President's Message
Branch Line - 1 USPS 870-060 ISSN O7449771 VOLUME 60 NUMBER 3 July-September 2003 President’s Message Gene Mayer I began composing this I met PNR Trustee Roger Presidents Message 1 message in mid-June prior to Ferris on a Sunday afternoon Made in the PCR 3 leaving for Dayton, Ohio to prototype tour and he advised BOT Report 4 attend my niece’s wedding and me that the meeting was over in Designing Comfortable Layout continuing on to Toronto, one day. Roger, Stan Ames of Spaces 5 Canada for the NMRA national NER and Ray DeBlieck said the Editor’s Notebook 6 convention. I was concerned Board of Trustees worked Impressions of Convention 8 about what the Board of together and reached several View from the Left Seat 9 Trustees (BOT) compromises. The PCR Leadership Conf 10 would do · PCR needs to develop BOT adopted the Model RR’ing Is Fun 11 concerning the an educational program new NMRA long- Operations SIG 12 proposed and specifically assign range plan and Coast Division Report 16 administrative mentors to advise and approved the GATS Staffing 17 reorganization assist new and existing proposed new Napa Wine Train 18 and single members and modelers. single Achievement Program 20 membership. Divisions should membership. I sat PCR ‘04 Clinics 21 Our PCR Yahoo emphasize advanced at the same table Tales of the SCN 22 Groups Internet planning and as NMRA Modeling Sawmills 24 messages have notification of meeting president Alan Golden State/East Bay 27 been full of dates. Pollock during the S Scale in Review 28 member Layout Design Non Rail Activities 30 comments · PCR should create SIG banquet and New PCR members 31 concerning the subdivisions in remote he is very PCR Convention Registration future of areas to provide more optimistic Form 32 NMRA and the local activities. -
The Feminization of Earth First!
The Feminization of Earth First! Ms Magazine, May 1992 It is impossible to live in the redwood region of Northern CaMornia without being profoundly affected by the destruction of this once magnificent ecosys- tem. Miles and miles of clearcuts cover our bleeding hillsides. Ancient forests are being strip-logged to pay off corporate junk bonds. And bee-lines of log trucks fill our roads, heading to the sawmills with loads ranging from 1,000-year old redwoods, one tree trunk filling an entire logging truck, to six-inch diameter baby trees that are chipped for pulp. Less than 5% of the old growth redwood is left, and the ecosystem is disappearing even faster than the more widely known tropical rainforest. So it is not surprising that I, a lifetime activist, would become an environmentalist. What is surpris- ing is that I, a feminist, single mother and blue-collar worker, would end up in Earth Firstl, a "no compro- mise" direct action group with the reputation of being macho, beer-drinking eco-dudes. Little did I know that by combining the more feminine elements of col- lectivism and non-violence with the spunk and outra- geousness of Earth First!, we would spark a mass movement. And little did I know that I would pay for our success by being bombed and nearly killed, and subjected to a campaign of hatred and misogyny. I was attracted to Earth Firstl because they were the only ones willing to put their bodies in front of the TIMBER WARS The Feminization of Earth First! bulldozers and chainsaws to save the trees. -
Greenpeace, Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front: the Rp Ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008)
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2008 Greenpeace, Earth First! and The aE rth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher J. Covill University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Covill, Christopher J., "Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 93. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The Progression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher John Covill Faculty Sponsor: Professor Timothy Hennessey, Political Science Causes of worldwide environmental destruction created a form of activism, Ecotage with an incredible success rate. Ecotage uses direct action, or monkey wrenching, to prevent environmental destruction. Mainstream conservation efforts were viewed by many environmentalists as having failed from compromise inspiring the birth of radicalized groups. This eventually transformed conservationists into radicals. Green Peace inspired radical environmentalism by civil disobedience, media campaigns and direct action tactics, but remained mainstream. Earth First’s! philosophy is based on a no compromise approach. -
Roots of Motive Power, Highline, April 2004, Volume 22, No. 1
IIRVINE AND MUIR’S BAECHTEL CREEK OPERATION-PAGE 4 GARY KNIVILA COLLECTION: A PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE UNION LUMBER COMPANY LOGGING WOODS-PAGE 24 ROOTS BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEETINGS The Roots Board of Directors established a regular schedule of meetings for 2004. Meetings will be held on the second Thursday of odd numbered months. Meetings are scheduled to begin at 6:00 PM. The schedule for the rest of the year is: May 13; July 8; September 9; November 11. Members and volunteers are welcome to attend these meetings. Meeting sites can be determined by call- ing Chris Baldo, (days) at 707-459-4549. COVER PHOTO: A ULCO Off-highway truck heads to the mill at Usal through a cathedral grove of redwoods. The white GMC 3/4 ton pickup belonged to Gary Knivila. ROOTS OF MOTIVE POWER, INC. 2003-2004 This newsletter is the official publication of Officers and Directors Roots of Motive Power, Inc., an organization dedi- cated to the preservation and restoration of logging President - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chris Baldo and railroad equipment representative of Califor- Vice President - - - - - - - - - - - Wes Brubacher nia’s North Coast region, 1850s to the present. Secretary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Joan Daniels Membership $25.00 annually; regular members vote Corresponding Secretary - - - - - Dian Crayne for officers and directors who decide the general Treasurer/Director - - - - - - - - Chuck Crayne policy and direction of the association. Roots’ mail- Librarian/Director - - - - - - - - - - Bruce Evans ing address is: ROOTS OF MOTIVE POWER, Director - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vrain Conley INC. PO Box 1540, Willits, CA 95490. Roots of Director - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kirk Graux Motive Power displays are located near the Mendo- Director - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - George Bush cino County Museum, 400 East Commercial St, Director - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - John Bradley Willits, CA. -
Gyppo Logging in Humboldt County: a Boom-Bust Cycle on the California Forest Frontier
GYPPO LOGGING IN HUMBOLDT COUNTY: A BOOM-BUST CYCLE ON THE CALIFORNIA FOREST FRONTIER by Kenneth Frederick Farnsworth, III A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts In Social Science: Geography July, 1996 GYPPO LOGGING IN HUMBOLDT COUNTY: A BOOM-BUST CYCLE ON THE CALIFORNIA FOREST FRONTIER by Kenneth Frederick Farnsworth, III Approved by: Joseph S. Leeper, Major Professor Paul W. Blank, Committee Member Christopher S. Haynes, Committee Member Gerald Sattinger, Graduate Coordinator, SBSS John P. Turner, Dean for Research and Graduate Studies ABSTRACT GYPPO LOGGING IN HUMBOLDT COUNTY: A BOOM-BUST CYCLE ON THE CALIFORNIA FOREST FRONTIER by Kenneth Frederick Farnsworth, III Discusses the rise and decline of the gyppo (small contract) logging and sawmill industry in Humboldt County, California between 1945 and 1965. Historical discussion of the role of large redwood companies, and transportation systems which they used, prior to 1945. Explains the land ownership patterns, resource diffusion of the primary resource (Douglas-fir), and emerging logging technology. This allowed gyppo contractors to rival the production of the established industry. Conclusion: too many mills harvested excessive amounts of old-growth Douglas-fir during the 1950's. Tightening log supply situation during the 1960's and 1970's drove most gyppo mills out of business, and reduced the employment potential of the forest products industry. Gyppo logging continues to be somewhat viable, working individual contracts for large, integrated forest products companies. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to a few people who have been influential and helpful during the construction of my thesis. -
·Pacilic Ne S ALSO in THIS ISSUE: AMTRAK's Planning Department, the HEBER CREEPER, ESPEE AGREES to TALK COMMUTES and MORE
· . cpc AUGUST,1978 $1.00 ·Pacilic Ne s ALSO In THIS ISSUE: AMTRAK'S PLAnninG DEPARTMEnT, THE HEBER CREEPER, ESPEE AGREES TO TALK COMMUTES AnD MORE. ��� SOUTHERN PACIFIC BAY AREA STEAM HARRE W. DEMORO Here is a collection of vintage photographs of the vast Southern Pacific steam operations in the ever-popular San Francisco Bay Area, just as these locomotives appeared in over ninety years of steam activity from the early diamond stackers to giant cab forwards and the fabled Oaylight locomotives. Photographers and collectors featured in this book include Ralph W. Demoro, D. S. Richter, Vernon J. Sappers, Waldemar Sievers and Ted Wurm. The book includes data on Southern Pacific steam locomotive types, and a lengthy general history of the railroad's steam operations in the San Francisco Bay Area that serves as the center of this look at steam-powered railroading. SPECIAL PREPUBLICA TlON OFFER This offer expires November 1, 1978 $15.00 Plus tax, of course, in California * Hardbound with a full-color dust jacket and 136 big 8'hx11" pages * Over 160 steam photographs * San Francisco Bay Area track map * SP Bay Area history * Locomotive data * CHATHAM PUBLISHING COMPANY Post Office Box 283 Burlingame, California 94010 Use convenient order blank on back cover. You may. of course, charge all of your book orders. BEARCAT® SCANNERS BEARCATTING PUTS YOU THERE BEARCAT® The incredible Bearcat® radio scanners bring railroad radio action right into your living room, den, automobile, SCANNERS whatever. Hear all the ra ilroad radio activity in your area THE IDEAL MODELS FOR tonight - do not wait another day. -
The Legacy of the Log Boom Humboldt County Logging from 1945 to 1955 Logging in Humboldt County in Northwestern California Began in 1850
Paul G. Wilson The Legacy of the Log Boom Humboldt County Logging from 1945 to 1955 Logging in Humboldt County in northwestern California began in 1850. When settlers first saw the giant old growth coast redwoods in Humboldt County they were in awe of them. These trees had diameters up to 30 feet and heights up to almost 400 feet. Old growth redwood trees are the oldest living things on earth; they can live about two thousand years. The settlers of Humboldt County had a respect for the redwoods; however, the settlers saw an immediate profit to be made. Old growth redwood lumber was used to build houses, railroad ties, shingle bolts, fence posts, and grape stakes.1 Redwood timberland in Humboldt County was located near the coast and extended twenty-five miles inland. The mills that cut the redwood logs into dimension sized lumber were located on the shores of Humbolt Bay. Humboldt Bay was a safe place for ocean vessels to pick up loads of redwood lumber to be sent to San Francisco Bay. Lumber vessels were often overloaded with redwood lumber. Because the vessels were piled with lumber, the vessels were believed to be unsinkable.2 Redwood lumber was sent all over the world for its preference in woodworking. In 1878 the United States government passed the Timber and Stone Act which allowed loggers to buy 160 acres of timberland for $2.50 per acre as long as the loggers "improved" the land through logging and ranching. Loggers acquired thousands of acres of redwood land and often formed partnerships to begin lumber companies. -
Pacific. ·Lie· S
qx APRIL, 1977 $1.00 Pacific. ALSO III THIS ISSUE: THE ROYAL s HUDSOII COMPLETES ITS UIlITED ·lIe· STATES TOUR, AIID MORE. r···NEVE'"RiiSS··ANOTHEii··piioiOGiiipiir- i DON'T EYER MISS ANOTHER RAILROAD EVENT! i LISTEN ON YOUR OWN SCANNER : Railroad Radio Scanning At Its Very Best i BEARCAT® I -" ,-, • I: ,'_I _"'·.. '''''0 ' RADIOS • --\ . " !.'i • The Bearcaf® Hand-Held Is BEARCAT • '"' , II the Ideal portable scanner for HAND-HELD . I access to public service and all . railroad broadcasts. Four frequencies can be monitored at a time, using crystals, with � 1 an eight-channel/second scan rate. Light � t emitting diodes show channels monitored. �, . SPECIAL OFFER: I $109.95 Four cryst.al certificates, with radio, $16. Extras@$5. • t• Th h e W ole World OPTIONAL ITEMS FOR SCANNERS Is At Your Of Scanning HAND HELD: Battery charger, AC adaptor, $8.95 each. Fingertips. The model 210 Is a Flexible rubber antenna, $7.50. Crystal certificates, $5.00. sophisticated scanning�� :Instrument�� with • .i BEARCAT MODEL 101: Mobile power supply kit, $39.95. the frequency versatility and the �operational3EI Im! ease that you've been dreaming about. Imagine selecting from all of the public service bands, local service frequencies and railroad Most scanning monitors use a : frequencies by simply pushing a tew buttons. You can forget both specific crystal to receive each crystals and programming forever. Pick the ten frequencies you frequency. The 101 does not. It want to scan and punch the numbers In on the keyboard. The large Is "synthesized. " With the 1 01 a decimal display reads out each frequency you've selected. -
Redwood Highway/Save the Redwoods Movement Susie Van Kirk
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Susie Van Kirk Papers Special Collections 12-2015 Redwood Highway/Save the Redwoods Movement Susie Van Kirk Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/svk Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Van Kirk, Susie, "Redwood Highway/Save the Redwoods Movement" (2015). Susie Van Kirk Papers. 25. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/svk/25 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Susie Van Kirk Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REDWOOD HIGHWAY/SAVE THE REDWOODS MOVEMENT Research for State Parks project August 2013-April 2014 Engbeck, Joseph H., Jr., State Parks of California. 1980. Graphic Arts Center Publishing Co., Portland. Chapter 4. Save the Redwoods! Naturalists had explored the forests of the north coast region and some, including John Mur, were especially impressed by the extraordinary stand of redwoods alongside the South Fork of the Eel River at bull Creek and the nearby Dyerville Flat. These experts agreed that the coast redwood forest was at its magnificent best far to the north of San Francisco. Some authorities went so far as to say that the Bull Creek and Dyerville Flat area supported the most impressive and spectacular forest in the whole world…. In 1916 and 1917 several developments took place that would eventually have a profound impact on the north coast redwood region in general and the Bull Creek-Dyerville Flat area in particular. -
Syndicalism, Ecology and Feminism: Judi Bari’S Vision
Library.Anarhija.Net Syndicalism, Ecology and Feminism: Judi Bari’s Vision Jeff Shantz Jeff Shantz Syndicalism, Ecology and Feminism: Judi Bari’s Vision Retrieved on 12 January 2001 from www.cvoice.org lib.anarhija.net Contents References .......................... 9 2 According to the late Wobbly organizer and Earth Firster, Judi Bari, a truly biocentric perspective must really challenge the sys- tem of industrial capitalism which is founded upon the ‘ownership’ of the earth. Industrial capitalism cannot be reformed since it is founded upon the destruction of nature. The profit drive of capital- ism insists that more be taken out than is put back (be it labour or land). Bari extended the Marxist discussion of surplus value to in- clude the elements of nature. She argued that a portion of the profit derived from any capitalist product results from the unilateral (un- der)valuing, by capital, of resources extracted from nature. Because of her analysis of the rootedness of ecological destruc- tion in capitalist relations Bari turned her attentions to the every- day activities of working people. Workers would be a potentially crucial ally of environmentalists, she realized, but such an alliance could only come about if environmentalists were willing to educate themselves about workplace concerns. Bari held no naïve notions of workers as privileged historical agents. She simply stressed her belief that for ecology to confront capitalist relations effectively and in a non-authoritarian manner requires the active participation of workers. Likewise, if workers were to assist environmentalists it was reasonable to accept some mutual aid in return from ecology activists. -
Community Engagement & Education
POV Community Engagement & Education DISCUSSION GUIDE If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front Directed by Marshall Curry Co-directed by Sam Cullman www.pbs.org/pov POV LETTER FROM THE FILMMAKER NEW YORK, 2011 The making of If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front consisted of a se- ries of surprises. The first surprise hit on a cold December afternoon about five years ago, when my wife came home from her job at a public relations firm and told me that four federal agents had entered her office and arrested one of her employees — Daniel McGowan — for “eco-terrorism.” He was being charged with arson against two Oregon timber compa- nies. We were shocked. I had met McGowan through my wife, and he did not fit my expec- tation of what an “eco-terrorist” would be like. He had grown up in Rockaway, Queens, was the son of a New York cop and had been a business major in college. He didn’t look or talk like a revolutionary, and to me he seemed less like Che Guevara or Malcolm X than a typical “boy next door.” Whenever reality cuts against a stereotype, and I dis- cover that the world doesn’t work the way I thought it did, I become curious. How had someone like McGowan taken part in setting these fires and found himself fac- ing life in prison for terrorism? What could lead someone to decide that arson was a rea- sonable response to environmental problems? How had this shadowy group to which he belonged — the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) — been formed, and how had the in- Director Marshall Curry vestigators cracked it? Sam Cullman (cinematographer/co-director) and I decided to Photo courtesy of Bill Gallagher find out.