DOCSLIB.ORG

Revolutionary Biocentrism & Ecology Deep Ecology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Revolutionary Biocentrism & Ecology Deep Ecology REVOLUTIONARY biocentrism & ECOLOGY deep ecology by JUDI BARI y REVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY biocentrismy & deep ecology by JUDI BARI v social and biological issues, class strug- was a social justice gle, and a recognition of the role of activist for many years global corporate capitalism in the before I ever heard of oppression of peoples and the destruc- tion of nature. IEarth First! So it came as a surprise to me, when I joined Earth First! in the I believe we already have such a theory. 1980s, to find that the radical move- It is called deep ecology, and it is the ment paid little attention to the social core belief of the radical environmental causes of ecological destruction. Simi- movement. The problem is that, in the larly, the urban-based social justice early stages of this debate, deep ecolo- movement seems to have a hard time gy was falsely associated with such admitting the importance of biological right-wing notions as sealing the bor- issues, often dismissing all but “envi- ders, applauding AIDS as a population ronmental racism” as trivial. Yet in control mechanism, and encouraging Ethiopians to starve. This sent the order to effectively respond to the cri- social ecologists justifiably scurrying to ses of today, I believe we must merge dissociate. And I believe it has muddied these two issues. the waters of our movement’s attempt to define itself and unite behind a com- Starting from the very reasonable but mon philosophy. unfortunately revolutionary concept that social practices which threaten the So in this article, I will try to explain, continuation of life on Earth must be from my perspective as an unabashed changed, we need a theory of revolu- leftist, why I think deep ecology is a tionary ecology that will encompass revolutionary world view. I am not Naess. It is ancient native wisdom, expressed in such sayings as “The Earth does not belong to us. We belong to the Earth.” But in the context of today’s industrial society, biocentrism is pro- foundly revolutionary, challenging the system to its core. Biocentrism Contradicts Capitalism Marbled Murrelet, an endangered redwood species The capitalist system is in direct conflict trying to proclaim that my ideas are the with the natural laws of biocentrism. Absolute Truth, or even that they repre- Capitalism, first of all, is based on the sent a finished thought process in my principle of private property – of cer- own mind. These are just some ideas I tain humans “owning” the Earth for the have on the subject, and I hope that by purpose of exploiting it for profit. At an airing them, it will spark more debate earlier stage, capitalists even believed and advance the discussion. they could own other humans. But just as slavery has been discredited in the Biocentrism mores of today’s dominant world view, so do the principles of biocentrism dis- Deep Ecology, or biocentrism, is the credit the concept that humans can belief that nature does not exist to serve own the Earth. humans. Rather, humans are a part of nature, one species among many. All How can corporate raider Charles Hur- species have a right to exist for their witz claim to “own” the 2000-year-old own sake, regardless of their usefulness redwoods of Headwaters Forest, just to humans. And biodiversity is a value because he signed a few papers to trade in itself, essential for the flourishing of them for a junk bond debt? This con- both human and non-human life. cept is absurd. Hurwitz is a mere blip in the lives of these ancient trees. These principles, I believe, are not just Although he may have the power to another political theory. Biocentrism is destroy them, he does not have the a law of nature that exists independent- right. ly of whether humans recognize it or not. It doesn’t matter whether we view One of the best weapons of US envi- the world in a human-centered way. ronmentalists in our battle to save plac- Nature still operates in a biocentric way. es like Headwaters Forest is the (now And the failure of modern society to itself endangered) Endangered Species acknowledge this – as we attempt to Act. This law, and other laws that rec- subordinate all of nature to human use – ognize public trust values such as clean has led us to the brink of collapse of the air, clean water, and protection of Earth’s life support systems. Biocentrism threatened species, are essentially is not a new theory, and it wasn’t admissions that the laws of private invented by Dave Foreman or Arne property do not correspond to the laws of nature. You cannot do whatever you labor put into it, but also from the natu- want on your own property without ral resources used to make the product. affecting surrounding areas, because And I believe that surplus value (i.e., the Earth is interconnected, and nature profit) is not just stolen from the work- does not recognize human boundaries. ers, but also from the Earth itself. A clearcut is a perfect example of a part of Even beyond private property, though, the Earth from which surplus value has capitalism conflicts with biocentrism been extracted. If human production around the very concept of profit. Profit and consumption are done within the consists of taking out more than you natural limits of the Earth’s fertility put in. This is certainly contradictory to cycles, then the supply is indeed end- the fertility cycles of nature, which less. But this cannot happen under depend on a balance of give and take. capitalism, because the capitalist class But more important is the question of exists by extracting profit not only from where this profit is actually taken from. the workers, but also the Earth. According to Marxist theory, profit is Modern-day corporations are the very stolen from the workers when the capi- worst manifestation of this sickness. A talists pay them less than the value of small business may survive on profits, what they produce. The portion of the but at least its basic purpose is to pro- value of the product that the capitalist vide sustenance for the owners, who are keeps, rather than human beings with a pays to the workers, is sense of place in their called surplus value. communities. But a The amount of surplus corporation has no value that the capital- purpose for its exis- ist can keep varies tence, no moral guide with the organization to its behavior, other of the workers, and than to make profits. with their level of And today’s global privilege within the corporations are world labor pool. But beyond the control the working class can of any nation or gov- never be paid the full ernment. In fact, the value of their labor government is in the under capitalism, service of the corpo- because the capitalist rations, its armies class exists by extract- poised to defend ing surplus value from Floating logs at a mill their profits around the products of their labor. the world, and its secret police ready to infiltrate and disrupt any serious resis- Although I basically agree with this tance at home. analysis, I think there is one big thing missing. I believe that part of the value In other words, this system cannot be of a product comes not just from the reformed. It is based on the destruction A clearcut in the Headwaters Forest of the Earth and the exploitation of the meager environmental safeguards. This people. There is no such thing as “green has resulted in noted disasters such as capitalism,” and marketing cutesie rain- the meltdown of the Chernobyl nuclear forest products will not bring back the power plant, the oil spill in the Arctic ecosystem that capitalism must destroy Ocean, and the on-going liquidation of to make its profits. This is why I believe the fragile forest of Siberia. It has left that serious ecologists must be revolu- parts of Russia and eastern Europe with tionaries. such a toxic legacy that even the rate of human fertility has slowed. Marx stated Biocentrism Contradicts Communism that the primary contradiction in indus- trial society is the contradiction between As you can probably tell, my back- capital and labor. I believe these disas- ground in revolutionary theory comes ters show that the primary contradiction from Marxism, which I consider to be a is between industrial society and the brilliant critique of capitalism. But as to Earth. what should be implemented in capital- ism’s place, I don’t think that Marxism But even though socialism has so far has shown us the answer. One of the failed to take ecology into account, I do reasons for this, I believe, is that com- not think that it is beyond reform, as is munism, socialism, and all of the other capitalism. One of the principles of leftist ideologies that I know of, speak socialism is “production for use, not for only about redistributing the spoils of profit.” Therefore the imbalance is not raping the Earth more evenly among built in under socialism as it is under classes of humans. They do not address capitalism, and I could envision a form the relationship of the society to the of socialism that would not destroy the Earth. Or rather, they assume that it Earth. But it would be unlike Marx’s will stay the same as it is under capital- industrial model. ism – that of a gluttonous consumer. And that the purpose of the revolution Ecological socialism, among other is to find a more efficient and egalitarian things, would have to deal with the way to produce and distribute consum- issue of centralism.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freedom Socialist Wice 1? /?Evp/Y/Ilt«1"1 Fimin;M
    This planet is our Miners' message planet-labor & to Moscow: the environment "Gorbachev out!" Page 3 Page 24 f&, Freedom Socialist Wice 1? /?evP/y/ilt«1"1 fiMiN;M. May-July 1991 Volume 12, Number 4 ($1.00 outside U.S.) 75 .. Bush's obscene vidory: recession, repression, reaction & ruin wenty years after Vietnam, the glow, doesn't it? All that high-minded Big Oil, bankers, and brokers of U.S. Air Force finally got to garbage out of Washington about arms are rich from this war. bomb a Third World country "stopping Saddam's aggression"-and American workers, and T back to the Stone Age. now these post-blitz atrocities. Oh well, workers abroad, will Iraq was blown to smithereens. as Henry Kissinger remarked after the shoulder the billions Roads, bridges, farms, homes, hospitals, U.S. betrayed the Kurds in the 1970s, it cost. electricity, food warehouses, communi­ U.S. foreign policy isn't about "social to page 23 cations and sewage treatment facili­ work." What it is about in the Mideast ties-wiped out. Between 100,000 and is retaining imperialist control of the 200,000 Iraqi soldiers and civilians were oil. For this Bush needs compliant dic­ blasted to shreds by the bombs. Dead tators, not democracy, in the region. mothers and children litter the cities The hundreds of thousands of and towns. Water supplies are glutted Kurdish refugees on Iraq's northern with poisons and cholera is now up­ borders awaiting starvation or slaugh,t.er ping the body count. .by Saddam are proof of this.
    [Show full text]
  • Brendan Lacy M.Arch Thesis.Indb
    The Green Scare: Radical environmental activism and the invention of “eco-terror- ism” in American superhero comics from 1970 to 1990 by Brendan James Lacy A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfi llment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2021 © Brendan James Lacy 2021 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required fi nal revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. iii Abstract American environmentalism became a recognizable social move- ment in the 1960s. In the following two decades the movement evolved to represent a diverse set of philosophies and developed new protest methods. In the early 1990s law enforcement and govern- ment offi cials in America, with support from extraction industries, created an image of the radical environmental movement as danger- ous “eco-terrorists.” Th e concept was deployed in an eff ort to de-val- ue the environmental movement’s position at a time of heightened environmental consciousness. With the concept in place members of the movement became easier to detain and the public easier to deter through political repression. Th e concept of “eco-terrorism” enters popular media relatively quickly indicated by the proliferation of superhero comics in the ear- ly 1990s that present villainous environmental activists as “eco-ter- rorists.” Th is imagery contrasts comics from 1970 which depicted superheroes as working alongside activists for the betterment of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Michael Harrington
    Michael Harrington What Socialists Would Do in America If They Could L et's pose a far-reaching question, without socialist alternative. It is with this thought in pretending to answer it fully. What would mind that I undertake an attempt to define a happen in America if we were able to make it socialist policy for the (still unforeseeable) come to pass? How would we move beyond middle distance. First, I will try to outline the welfare state? What measures would be some of the general problems raised by such taken on the far side of liberal reform, yet well an imaginative definition of the future. Then, short of utopia? there will be a brief sketch of that possible These questions are not academic. In socialist future. And finally, I will try to relate Europe today there are democratic socialist these speculations to the immediate present, mass parties that are putting them on the since I am convinced that projecting what political agenda. In America there is, of should be must help us, here and now, in de- course, no major socialist movement, yet. But vising what can be. this society is more and more running up against the inherent limits of the welfare state. I: Some General Problems We can no longer live with the happy as- sumptions of '60s liberalism—that an endless, noninflationary growth would not only allow Capitalism is dying. It will not, however, us to finance social justice but to profit from it disappear on a given day, or in a given month as well.
    [Show full text]
  • British Nationalization of Industry-Compensation to Owners
    [Vol. 97 NOTES [The Parliament of Great Britain, in response to popular expression, has under- taken what vniqht well be termed a peaceful revolution: the nationalization of large areas of British industry. To date, the Bank of England and the gas, electricity, transport, cable and wireless, aviation, and coal industries have been nationalized; at present writing the nationalization of the steel industry, though not yet effected, seems imminent. [These facts are well known to the American public; the techniques by which the process has taken place have been emphasized to a much lesser degree. In the Notes which follow, the REVIEW has sought to explore the various statutes which have effected the transfer. Manifestly, any undertaking so comprehensive and detailed, with attendant social and political consequences and implications cannot adequately be treated within a comparatively few pages. The Notes therefore have concentrated on only three aspects of the statutes: compensation for the former owners; administra- tion; and labor relations. The merits of the British program are neither assumed nor denied. Nationalization is a fait accompli. Only techniques, problems which are created by these techniques, and possible consequences of the statutes are treated.-ED.] British Nationalization of Industry-Compensation to Owners of Expropriated Property Comprehensive expropriation of entire groups of enterprises, accom- plished by the British nationalization statutes,' constitutes a new step in the English law of compulsory purchase 2 and poses novel problems of payment to owners. The detailed procedures established for the assess- ment and satisfaction of compensation seem of interest (1) in their rela- tionship to existing rules of compensation for compulsory purchase, and (2) as reflecting the particular problems involved in paying for such large- scale transfers of assets.
    [Show full text]
  • The Feminization of Earth First!
    The Feminization of Earth First! Ms Magazine, May 1992 It is impossible to live in the redwood region of Northern CaMornia without being profoundly affected by the destruction of this once magnificent ecosys- tem. Miles and miles of clearcuts cover our bleeding hillsides. Ancient forests are being strip-logged to pay off corporate junk bonds. And bee-lines of log trucks fill our roads, heading to the sawmills with loads ranging from 1,000-year old redwoods, one tree trunk filling an entire logging truck, to six-inch diameter baby trees that are chipped for pulp. Less than 5% of the old growth redwood is left, and the ecosystem is disappearing even faster than the more widely known tropical rainforest. So it is not surprising that I, a lifetime activist, would become an environmentalist. What is surpris- ing is that I, a feminist, single mother and blue-collar worker, would end up in Earth Firstl, a "no compro- mise" direct action group with the reputation of being macho, beer-drinking eco-dudes. Little did I know that by combining the more feminine elements of col- lectivism and non-violence with the spunk and outra- geousness of Earth First!, we would spark a mass movement. And little did I know that I would pay for our success by being bombed and nearly killed, and subjected to a campaign of hatred and misogyny. I was attracted to Earth Firstl because they were the only ones willing to put their bodies in front of the TIMBER WARS The Feminization of Earth First! bulldozers and chainsaws to save the trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr. Savitri Kumari – Dept. of Commerce
    Dr. Savitri Kumari – Dept. of Commerce Economic System An economic system is a means by which societies or governments organize and distribute available resources, services, and goods across a geographic region or country. Economic systems regulate factors of production, including capital, labor, physical resources, and entrepreneurs. An economic system encompasses many institutions, agencies, and other entities. An economic system, or economic order is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society or a given geographic area. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making processes and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community. As such, an economic system is a type of social system. The mode of production is a related concept. All economic systems have three basic questions to ask: what to produce, how to produce and in what quantities and who receives the output of production. The study of economic systems includes how these various agencies and institutions are linked to one another, how information flows between them and the social relations within the system (including property rights and the structure of management). The analysis of economic systems traditionally focused on the dichotomies and comparisons between market economies and planned economies and on the distinctions between capitalism and socialism. Subsequently, the categorization of economic systems expanded to include other topics and models that do not conform to the traditional dichotomy. Today the dominant form of economic organization at the world level is based on market-oriented mixed economies. In a capitalist economic system, production is carried out for private profit and decisions regarding investment and allocation of factor inputs are determined by business owners in factor markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenpeace, Earth First! and the Earth Liberation Front: the Rp Ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008)
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2008 Greenpeace, Earth First! and The aE rth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher J. Covill University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Covill, Christopher J., "Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The rP ogression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America" (2008). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 93. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/93 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Greenpeace, Earth First! and The Earth Liberation Front: The Progression of the Radical Environmental Movement in America Christopher John Covill Faculty Sponsor: Professor Timothy Hennessey, Political Science Causes of worldwide environmental destruction created a form of activism, Ecotage with an incredible success rate. Ecotage uses direct action, or monkey wrenching, to prevent environmental destruction. Mainstream conservation efforts were viewed by many environmentalists as having failed from compromise inspiring the birth of radicalized groups. This eventually transformed conservationists into radicals. Green Peace inspired radical environmentalism by civil disobedience, media campaigns and direct action tactics, but remained mainstream. Earth First’s! philosophy is based on a no compromise approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Economic Systems
    Comparative Economic Systems Professor David Kotz Thompson 1026 Office 545-0739 Home 584-2547 Mobile 413-330-5692 [email protected] Office Hours: Mon. and Wed. 10 A.M. to 12 noon Information on Students Your name Email addresses Department/program/year For non-econ grads: Previous related courses taken 1 Introduction Subject Matter: Socialist alternatives to capitalist economic systems. Prerequisites Political Economy I and graduate standing. 2 Introduction Course Website: Address on syllabus: http://courses.umass.edu/econ773/ Post syllabus, handouts, slides after use Two Papers: Email me your preferences for 1) Soviet-Type System or Market Socialist/Self- Management System – 4 numbered choices 2) Socialist Possibilities in Light of Historical Experience – 3 numbered choices 3 Subjects Covered 1. Introduction Approaches to comparative economic systems Market systems Economic planning Capitalism 2. Early Conceptions of and Debates about Socialism Early conceptions of socialism Economic calculation debate Critique of competitive market equilibrium as standard for socialism 3. The Soviet-Type System Origins of the Soviet model Main features Performance What was the Soviet-type system? 4 Subjects Covered (continued) 4. Student Presentations on Soviet-Type Systems 5. Market Socialist and Self-Management Systems Origins, main features, performance, what were they? 6. Student Presentations on Market Socialist and Self-Management Systems 7. Demise of the Soviet-Type System How? Why? Lessons for socialism? 5 Subjects Covered (continued) 8. Transition from Soviet-type systems to Capitalism How has this process unfolded? Assessment/critique of Washington Consensus/neoliberal approach Alternative analyses Lessons for understanding of capitalism and socialism 9. Socialist Possibilities in Light of Historical Experience Lecture/discussion/student presentations New theories of market socialism New theories of a planned economy Current effort to build "Twenty-First Century Socialism" in Venezuela.
    [Show full text]
  • Was the Inca Empire a Socialist State? A
    INCA EMPIRE 55 WAS THE INCA EMPIRE A SOCIALIST STATE? A HISTORICAL DISCUSSION meadow, and they tilled in common a portion of the agricultural land for the support of the chief, the cult 2 Kevin R. Harris and the aged. However, not all land was used for communal purposes all Before the Spanish conquest of the Americas in the fifteenth and the time. Sometimes individual members of the community used sixteenth centuries, the Inca Empire spread down much of the the land for a period of time for personal use. Llamas and modern South American coast in the Andes Mountains. The alpacas also grazed on the land. These large animals were used empire consisted of more than ten million inhabitants and had, for work and their wool was used to make clothing in the Inca 3 at the time, a very unique political and economic system. The State. When a common couple was married the community 4 government divided land and animals amongst members of the built them a modest house. It was a custom in Incan society for nation, not necessarily equally, and a system was in place to take people to help others in the community who were in need. care of the elderly and sick. Social scientists have been debating “People were expected to lend their labor to cultivate neighbors’ how to classify the Inca Empire for centuries. Arguments have land, and expected that neighbors would help them in due been made which classified the Inca Empire as a socialist state. course. All capable people were collaborated to support the Many elements of socialism existed in the Inca Empire, but can incapable—orphans, widows, the sick—with food and 5 the state really be classified as socialistic? housing.” Inca commoners expected this courtesy from their The Incas moved into the area which is now known as the neighbors.
    [Show full text]
  • Capitalism and Morality ______
    Capitalism and Morality _________________________ “LUDWIG VON MISES ON PROFIT, LOSS, THE ENTREPRENEUR, AND CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY” G. Stolyarov II The insights of Ludwig von Mises (1881-1973) into the function of real-world market processes help explain why, in seeking to serve their own interests, market entrepreneurs must abide by the wishes of consumers. Mises’s idea of consumer sovereignty clarifies the manner in which markets determine what is produced, and his analysis shows profits and losses to be dynamic, disequilibrium phenomena resulting from entrepreneurs’ attempts to adjust economic production to consumer demand. Mises uses his positive economics to refute fallacies concerning profit and loss—including the zero-sum and exploitative views of profit. Mises’s ideas were taken in new directions by Israel M. Kirzner, who originated the idea of entrepreneurial alertness and made a case for the necessity of profits as incentives for using entrepreneurial alertness to maximize consumers’ economic well-being. Capitalists, Entrepreneurs, and Capitalist-Entrepreneurs A discussion of Mises’s view of the market presupposes a classification of the various economic functions of agents in the marketplace. These economic functions can coincide in the same person, but they are distinct roles in the market process. Gains from the production process accrue in the form of payments to laborers who work on the process, capitalists whose capital goods are used in the process, and entrepreneurs who make the decision of what to produce and take the initiative to actually produce and market it. Sometimes the same person can perform all three functions. Mises writes, “The excess of gross receipts over expenditures which the classical economists called profit includes the price for the entrepeneur’s own labor employed in the process of production, interest on the capital invested, and finally entrepreneurial profit proper” (Mises 1949, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Syndicalism, Ecology and Feminism: Judi Bari’S Vision
    Library.Anarhija.Net Syndicalism, Ecology and Feminism: Judi Bari’s Vision Jeff Shantz Jeff Shantz Syndicalism, Ecology and Feminism: Judi Bari’s Vision Retrieved on 12 January 2001 from www.cvoice.org lib.anarhija.net Contents References .......................... 9 2 According to the late Wobbly organizer and Earth Firster, Judi Bari, a truly biocentric perspective must really challenge the sys- tem of industrial capitalism which is founded upon the ‘ownership’ of the earth. Industrial capitalism cannot be reformed since it is founded upon the destruction of nature. The profit drive of capital- ism insists that more be taken out than is put back (be it labour or land). Bari extended the Marxist discussion of surplus value to in- clude the elements of nature. She argued that a portion of the profit derived from any capitalist product results from the unilateral (un- der)valuing, by capital, of resources extracted from nature. Because of her analysis of the rootedness of ecological destruc- tion in capitalist relations Bari turned her attentions to the every- day activities of working people. Workers would be a potentially crucial ally of environmentalists, she realized, but such an alliance could only come about if environmentalists were willing to educate themselves about workplace concerns. Bari held no naïve notions of workers as privileged historical agents. She simply stressed her belief that for ecology to confront capitalist relations effectively and in a non-authoritarian manner requires the active participation of workers. Likewise, if workers were to assist environmentalists it was reasonable to accept some mutual aid in return from ecology activists.
    [Show full text]
  • Suggested Citation: the Alarmists, Eds., ALARM No. 4 (September 1992). Republished by the Environment & Society Portal, Mu
    Suggested citation: The Alarmists, eds., ALARM no. 4 (September 1992). Republished by the Environment & Society Portal, Multimedia Library. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/7096 The original publication carries an anticopyright and antiprofit statement. The Rachel Carson Center's Environment & Society Portal makes archival materials openly accessible for purposes of research and education. Views expressed in these materials do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of the Rachel Carson Center or its partners. a voice of northeast earth first! number four IN THIS ISSUE: 500 Years of Resistance .. Revolution Direct Action articles on Land, Air, and Water Abuse with Judi Bari Anne Petermann' Abbey Edwards Michaela de Liuda Orin Langelle Steve Taylor Roadblock autonome forum Snaggletooth MikeZ .£ and a cast of <:>.. .§ 0 0 250 to 1! .s: a. page 2 The Alarm About this Issue Welcome to issue #4 of the This issue finds many articles on water, land and air ALARM' As you can see the format has abu se. We present these issues not fo r armchair di scu ssion, but c ha nged s li g htly a nd we've g reatly rather as a catalyst to foster direct action to deal with the mess expanded the size of our publication. th at plagues our pl anet. The Alarm! is trying to present many This has led to a couple of dilemnas. ideas that when we put together, expose the real enemies of exis­ The first crisis we are trying to solve is tance. When we identify the enemy, then we can strip them of the money thing.
    [Show full text]