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Highlands Region Drought Frost Rapid Assessment

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NATIONAL DISASTER CENTRE HIGHLANDS REGION DROUGHT & FROST DISASTER RAPID ASSESSMENT REPORT - 2015 HIGHLANDS REGION – DROUGHT & FROST ASSESSMENT REPORT COMPILED BY: NATIONAL DISASTER DROUGHT RESPONSE TEAM 1 TABLE OF CONTENT A. Composition of Assessment Team B. Map of critically affected areas in the Highlands Provinces 1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Conduct of the Drought Response Team 2. DEMOGRAPHY AND NATURE OF DROUGHT AND FROST DISASTER IN THE HIGHLANDS REGION 3. STATISTICS OF AFFECTED DISTRICT INS EACH HIGLANDS PROVINCE 4. IMPACT OF THE DROUGHT & FROST DISASTER 4.1. Environment 4.2. Economic Activity 4.3. Water & Sanitation 4.4. Health & Nutrition 4.5. Education 4.6. Agriculture & livestock 4.7. Logistics 4.8. New Emerging issues 5. RESPONSE & RECOVERY 5.1 Red Cross 5.2 NARI 5.3 DMT (Clusters) 5.4 Local communities 5.5 Provincial Disaster 5.6 National 6 RECOMMENDATION 6.1 Short term 6.2 Long term 7 CONCLUSION ANNEX I. ESITIMATED FOOD RELIEF AND OPERATIONAL BUDGET II. PNGDF RELIEF OPERATION PLAN & BUDGET III. Terms of Reference 2 A. MAPS OF CRTICALLY AFFECTED PROVINCE (Map showing Unggai Bena District) (Map Showing Kundiawa, Simbu Porvince) (Map Showing Kandep District - ENGA) (Map Showing Tambul – WHP 3 B. COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE TEAM The National Disaster Drought Response team selected by the National Disaster Response Committee were representative from various agencies. The composition of the team is: (i) Mr. Thomas Ninkama –Research & Assessment Officer – NDC (Team Leader) (ii) Mr. Jimmy Mindipi – Land Use Adviser, Department of Agriculture & Livestock (iii) Major Peter Waiaki – Joint Operations Command, PNG Defence Force (iv) Mr. Ben Kapa – Public Health Surveillance & Emergency Response, Department of Health (v) Mr. Kasis Inape – Assistant Director, National Weather Service (vi) Mr. Edwin Talapilya – Senior Works Engineer, Department of Works (vii) Mr. Kud Sitango – Program Manager, NARI Highland Region (viii) Mr. Michael Kokom – PNG Red Cross (ix) Mr. Wonesai Sithole – IOM & UN DMT Cluster Rep The team assembled and departed on Sunday, 23rd of August, 2015 at 08:30 am in Pom and arrived in Western Highlands at 10:30 am. Figure 1. Team Photo of the Assessment team in Lagaip & Kandep 4 ii. Travel Itinerary and conduct of Highlands Response Team Day Date Details of travel Activity details Other remarks 1 Sunday Travel from POM to Hagen Team met at NARI Tambul Office Overnight at Hagen 23/08/15 Travel from Hagen to Tambul Team Met Tambul DA and District Disaster Team Assessed upper Kagul LLG, Upper Nebliyer and Lower Kagul areas in Tambul Nebliyer District. 2 Monday The team met with NDC acting The team were briefed the PA WHP after a brief introduction Overnight at Wabag 24/08/15 director Mr Mose and went with made by Mr. Mose. After the brief the team left for Wabag and Lupa Motel him to brief the PA WHP Mr later in the evening the team had a brief with deputy PA ENGA Joeseph Neng 3 Tuesday Travelled to Wabag, Wabag Team left with PDC ENGA and caught up with Overnight at Mendi 25/08/15 district, Sirunki, Laigam, DA Laigaip Pogera, assessed parts of Wabag Town lodge Kandep district district Sirunki Basin, Laigam Assessed Lian ranges. Later caught up with DA Kandep and assessed Kandep Basin. Left Kandep and rtavelled Kandep Mendi road to Mendi and also assessed Karinz in Mendi 4 Wednesday Travelled thru Imbongu Team assessed parts of imbongu to Ialibu/Pangia Overnight at Hagen 26/08/15 district to Ialibu Pangia and and caught up with Ialibu Pangia District Airport Motel Kagua Administration and had a brief with the district team at district office. Left Ialibu station for Mt Hagen 5 Thursday Travelled to Komo Magarima, Team landed in Magarima had a brief with DA Overnight at Kundiawa 27/08/15 Kutubu, and Kagua Erave for and assessed the affected areas and departed Wilhelm Hotel aerial assessment on the ADF Magarima for Kutubu and Kagua Erave. Team chopper returned at 11:00 am and departed for Jiwaka Province and met PDC Jiwaka and had a brief with him and assessed parts of Jiwaka and headed to Simbu travelling Kerowhagi way assessing parts of Kerowhagi. 6 Friday Team conducted aerial Team returned and had brief with Simbu Team separated to two 28/08/15 assessment using ADF Provincial Administrator and Provincial Disaster hotels one Immanuel chopper again throughout the Coordinator and later departed for Goroka EHP. Lodge and others at Province for one hour and Arrived at Goroka to find out that public servant Pacific Gardens Hotel returned not at work due to Administrative impasses. However manage to contact PDC and conducted assessment to Unggai Bena District 7 Saturday Team rested to finalize report Team met and debriefing in the evening to finalize Overnight at the two 29/08/15 report same hotels 8 Sunday Travelled back to POM and Team left for POM and Hagen POM team returned and 30/08/15 Tambul/Hagen Hagen left for WHP 5 1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Introduction The National Disaster Committee after receiving numerous reports from the respective Provincial Administration and the media about the recent drought and frost which has severely affected certain districts in the Highlands Provinces have deployed a National Disaster Drought response team comprising of various National Technical Agencies were deployed to the region. The team departed on the 23rd of August, 2015. The objective of the national response team was to: (i) Assess the extent of damage to determine level of immediate and long term assistance required by the affected communities. The sectors to be assessed includes; food and water security, health issues, education and economic sectors (ii) Carry out capacity assessment on the capabilities & responsiveness of respective provincial governments to manage the effects of El-Niño (iii) Carryout capacity assessment on the capabilities of the private sectors companies operating in the Provinces to meet demands of the National and Provincial government relief supplies requirement. (iv) Carryout awareness on drought copy mechanisms and strategies with the Provincial Disaster Government and affected communities (v) Assist PDC establish and strengthen existing government structures at the Provincial, District and Local Level for effective coordination of humanitarian relief operations. 2. NATURE OF THE DROUGHT AND FROST DISASTERS IN THE HIGHLANDS REGION Papua New Guinea is a land of many climate extremes due to its locality to the warmest seas found anywhere on the face of the earth. This warmest ocean waters often referred to as the ‘warm pool’ acts as the heat engine that drives the climate of this country. Due to the proximity of the moisture source, the country experiences all year round rainfall. Unfortunately, during an El Niño year, this warm pool migrates towards the Central and Eastern Pacific and countries such as Chile and Peru in South America receives more than usual rainfall whilst countries in Australia, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are starved of rainfall. El Niño is a normal climatic event which has a return period of 3 to 7 years. This slow onset phenomena, once fully developed, tend to last for 10 months or more depending on its strength and the prevailing conditions conducive to its sustenance. Unfortunately, not all El Niño events are alike but they tend to exhibit a general pattern. Because it is a slow onset phenomena, it generally tends to get organized in Autumn (Feb,Mar,Apr), mature in Spring (Aug,Sep,Oct) and dissipates towards the following Winter. The likely impacts on the country’s rainfall is that parts of the Southern Coastal regions such as the Central Province, Milne Bay, Gulf and Western Provinces and parts of Chimbu and Morobe experiences dry spells as early 6 as Autumn. This reduced rainfall continues into winter and spring where rest of the country is affected. The normal onset of the wet season during summer is delayed therefore we normally receive poor rains until the drought is broken by heavy falls in autumn with the arrival of the normal wet season. The worst effect of El Niño phenomena is droughts which can lead to serious shortages of food supply. Due to the absence of clouds and very calm conditions at night, frosts are a common occurrence especially at high altitude areas in excess of 2200m above sea level. Papua New Guinea has been experiencing this phenomenon ever since our ancestors settled on this land but according to recent memory, people could only recall the events of 1972 and 1997. These were very strong events which caused severe droughts and frosts in the highlands. The event of 1982 caused mass migration from the people of Kandep to lower areas unaffected by frost. The 1997 event also produced droughts in the highlands and bush fires were common. Furthermore, the 1997 El Niño event was regarded as the strongest phenomena on record because of the magnitude of the destruction it caused worldwide. PNG National Weather Service through its media release dated 7 June 2015 declared that this year would be an El Niño year. It also predicted that the 2015 event had the potential to surpass the “El Niño of the century” event of 1997. Drought is a slow onset event and the recent dry spells experienced throughout the country is expected to continue into September where it is predicted to reach its peak and thereafter dissipates. The prolonged dry spell together with the absence of clouds and calm nights were responsible for the frost occurrences in the high altitude areas of Tambul, Upper and lower Kaugel, Upper Nebilyer, Sirunki, Kandep, Laiagam, Lai Valley, Upper Mendi, Ialibu and parts of Pangia. There were two separate incidences of frost that hit the above mentioned areas.
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