Part 1 Jagadguru Adi Shankaracharya the Advent of Shankara
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SHRI ADI SHANKARACHARYA: HIS LIFE Shri Adi Shankaracharya: His Life- Part 1 Jagadguru Adi Shankaracharya The Advent of Shankara In the early centuries of this Kali Age, Buddhism and Jainism were predominant religions. At that time, a young child was born in a village called Kaladi in Kerala to a couple, Shivaguru and Aryamba. They were a virtuous couple and were very devoted to God. They were not short of any food and shelter, but as they didn't have children they were miserable. Therefore they prayed to Lord Shiva. One night Lord Shiva came in Shivaguru’s dream and told him that he would get a son who would have a short span of life. After some time the child was born and was named as Shankara - a gift of Lord Shiva. In reality it was not a gift. Lord Shiva offered Himself to Shivaguru. Lord Shiva comes in Shivaguru's dream In those days, there used to be frequent wars between kings of different territories. These wars generated hatred between people of different regions. The feeling of national unity was lost. With the loss of unity, all kinds of bad practices developed. Untruth, injustice, dishonesty and disreputable conduct became the order of the day. That was not all. Even the learned Pandits, scholars and intellectuals of the time started interpreting the Vedas in perverse ways. The very face of the scriptures was blackened. As a result, people’s faith in the Vedas and scriptures was diluted. At such times, God or a Divinely inspired saint or Messiah makes His advent on earth to reform the wicked and restore the reign of Dharma. Such incarnations are known as Archananaama forms of the Divine. In this Archananaama form, the manifestations are regarded as Amsa Avatars – manifestations of partial aspects of the Divine. The Vibhava Avatars (like Rama and Krishna) are Purna Avatars (total manifestations of the Divine). TheArchana Avatars are Amsa Avatars (partial manifestations). Such Avatars incarnate from time to time, not only in India but in all countries. Jesus declared at first that he was ‘A Messenger of God’. Who are these messengers? They are of two kinds Yamadoota and Avadhoota. Yamadootas are messengers who inflict harm on people. Avadhootas are messengers who protect. Jesus belonged to the second category. In due course, he recognised his own inner Divinity. Then he declared, “I am the Son of God”. Thereby he proclaimed his right to a share in all the qualities of God. When he acquired all the qualities of the Divine, he announced, “I and my Father are one”. The same threefold progress can be seen in the pronouncements of Hazrat Mohammed. First, he declared “I am in the light”. Then he said, “The light is in me”. Finally he declared, “I am the light”. These declarations can be compared to the three systems of Indian philosophy Dualism (Dvaita), Qualified Non-Dualism (Vishishta Advaita) and Non-Dualism (Advaita). The Early Years Shivaguru, Aryamba and child Shankara In the first year, the child learned all the alphabets. In the second year, he learnt all the words. In the third year, he could read all the texts. This type of education comes from within and not from outside. Shankara’s father, Shivaguru, passed away when Shankara was barely 3 years old. In this context, it is interesting to note how the Divine operates. Ten days before his passing, Shivaguru had a vision of an effulgence. The effulgence conveyed a message to Shivaguru, “Perform the Upanayanam of your son”. Shivaguru hurriedly arranged to have the Upanayanam (thread ceremony) performed for the 3 year old child. The little boy started reciting the Gayatri Mantra. After the passing of Shivaguru, the grief-stricken mother devoted herself to bringing up the little boy. She took him to a Guru, who taught the boy all kinds of scriptural knowledge. By the time he was 16, Shankara had completed study of the 4 Vedas and the 6 systems of philosophy. Normally even 50 years would not have sufficed for such study. Shankara was a prodigy. He could grasp anything at the first mention of the subject. Even the Guru was astonished at the boy’s genius. One day, the mother and the son were sitting at their door step. At that time, some sages who were passing by, stopped on watching the boy and started conversing among themselves, “This effulgence, this radiance are not the appearance of an ordinary boy. He is the very spark of the Divine”. The second sage while closing his eyes said, “No doubt he is the spark of Shiva, but he won’t live long. Education is of a high standard, but he has a short life time. He has capacity but he will not have adequate time to spread the message.” The mother asked Shankara to offer his respects to all the saints. Shankara offered his respects but didn't catch hold of any sage’s feet. There are four types of Namaskars, they are: i. Sashtanga Namaskara – Saa-Ashtanga meaning Namaskaram with eight points in the body. ii. Panchanga Namaskara – The head, the two legs and the two hands. iii. Trayanga Namaskara – Bending the heads and joining both the hands. iv. Ekanga Namaskara – Mere bending of the head. Shankara didn't do even the Ekanga Namaskara. On seeing this one of the sages said, “The one who is capable of receiving respects from us, how can we expect to receive respects from him?” On listening to these words, the mother was very happy but was also dejected on hearing that he will have a short life. ********************************************************************************************************* Shri Adi Shankaracharya: His Life - Part 2 One day, Shankara’s mother called him, served him food on the leaf and said, “We have begotten you after a long period of waiting. But you are going to live for a short period. To keep up the clan of our family, I want you to get married.” She asked him to make this promise. To this Shankara replied “Mother, what is Samsara? What is the happiness in this family life? What is the result from this family life? How do you expect to reach your goal in this family life? I don’t relish this family life. I want to be a Sanyasi (ascetic).” When he said so, his mother was more grief stricken. Celibacy is of 3 types. These include Vastra Sanyasa, Indriya Sanyasa and Hrudaya Sanyasa. Vastra Sanyasa means restraint on extravagant dressing habits. Indriya Sanyasa means control on all the desires. Sanyasa means Sarvasanga Parityaga i.e. total renunciation. Giving up all the desires is Sanyasa. We have to give up all these desires which are of a multiplying nature. This is the renunciation of the senses. Hrudaya Sanyasa means there is no relation between mind, the senses and the heart. That which is born, grows and ultimately dies is the body. The body passes through the stages of birth, youth, old age and death. As the body passes through the various stages, there is mental suffering associated. The childhood is spent in playing, the boy hood is spent in studies, youth is spent in family life, old age is spent in discharging responsibilities. Thus there is an intimate relationship between the body and the mind. Take the example of a raw tamarind. If it is hit with a stone, the outer layer as well as the inner layer gets damaged. On the other hand, when we hit a ripe tamarind with a stone, only the outer skin breaks and the juice is available for consumption. Similarly the one with worldly associations should understand that he is like a tamarind. It is the same tamarind that is the gross body, subtle body and causal body. The outer skin is the gross, the pulp inside is the subtle and the seed is the causal body. The seed, skin and fruit, all the three are out of the one self. Like this the body is intimately related with the ephemeral, physical world. Shankara told his mother, “Mother, you are expecting me to lead a family life. I don’t want to lead a family life. What is family life? Is it wife and children? Desire means Samsara. In fact any desire is Samsara - studying, eating, moving about, sitting, inhalation and exhalation are all different aspects of the Samsara. I am already in that Samsara. This inhalation and exhalation must merge with the Divinity. That is Saayujya – merger with the Supreme. That is Liberation – merger with the Divine. What is this merger? Is it the body, mind, Chitta, life force? No. That which is the basis of the body, that without which this body cannot exist in this world, must merge with the Divine. That which has emerged from the Divine must merge back into the Divine. This is stated in the Bhagavatam also.” Shankara assists his ailing mother Aryamba on the way to the river Poorna Thus he taught all about renunciation to his mother. On hearing this mother Aryamba felt very sad, which was quite natural. The next day she went to the Poorna river to get water. Because of all the sadness, she didn’t take food and didn’t get proper sleep as she had spent the previous day thinking about the decision that Shankara had made. As she was bringing water she fainted. On seeing her, Shankara thought that he must discharge his duty. Since his mother did not return, he followed the same route on which she had gone. He saw his mother had fallen unconscious. Keeping his mother on his lap, he served his mother.