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A History of the War of 1812-15

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Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection FROM THE LIBRARY OF JOSEPH O'CONNOR AND EVANGELINE M. O'CONNOR PRESENTED IN THEIR MEMORY TO THE ROCHESTER PUBLIC LIBRARY Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection y^td /lfcx <Mfe 1-9 /MLr w 1BSt' EsW^SgtffrPs lJjjpilsril'/ pl^ ~2gr; . ^,, I '" m^rjt t ' - "^""- ^~.Z~~: ' r-^ '~^- ^^--. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection I"^s ^*~ DEATH OF OFN'ER*!. ROSS. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection MINOR WARS OF THE UNITED STATES. A HISTORY WAR OF 1812-15 BETWEEN THE United States and Great Britain. ROSSITER JOHNSON. ILLUSTRATED. NEW YORK: DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, Publishers. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection Copyright, 1882, & COMPANY. By DODD, MEAD Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. *agk Causes of the War i Franklin's Prediction, I. British Feeling toward the United States, 2. The Unsurrendered Posts, 3. Indian Troubles, 4. Impressment of Seamen, 7. The Decrees and Orders in Council, 13. Declaration of War, 18. CHAPTER II. The Detroit Campaign 21 First Bloodshed, 21. Attitude of Political Parties, 22. Plans for Invading Canada, 26. Capture of Michilimackinac, 30. Engagements at the River Raisin and Maguaga, 31. Battle of Chicago, 32. Hull's Surrender, 36. CHAPTER III. Fights with the Indians 38 Tecumseh's Scheme, 38. Harrison's March to Fort Wayne, 39. Defence of Fort Harrison, 41. Defence of Fort Madi son, 43. Ball's Fight, 44. CHAPTER IV. The Battle of Queenstown 46 Fight at Gananoqui, 46. Expedition against Ogdensburg, 47. Elliott captures two War-vessels, 48. Gathering of Forces on the Niagara, 49. Battle of Queenstown, 50. Death of General Brock, 55. CHAPTER V. War on the Ocean 61 The President and the Little Belt, 62.The President and the Belvidera, 64. Hull's Race, 66. TheConslitution and the Guerriere, 68. Effect of the Victory, 71. The Wasp and the Frolic, 73. The United States and the Macedonian, 76. The Constitution and the Java, 79.Nelson's Prediction, 83- Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection IV CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. page Minor Battles in the West 84 Winchester's Expedition, 84. Fight at Frenchtown, 85. Massacre at the Raisin, 87. Siege of Fort Meigs, 90. CHAPTER VII. War on the Lakes 97 The Armaments, 98. Preliminary Operations, 99. Expedi tion against York, 100. Death of General Pike, 103. Capture of Fort George, 107. Attack on Sackett's Har bor, 112. Battle of Stony Creek, 118. CHAPTER VIII. Battle of the Thames 140 Harrison's Advance, 140. Proctor's Retreat. 141. Nature of the Ground, 141. Disposition of the Indians, 143. The Battle, 144. Death of Tecumseh, 146. Flight of Proctor, 146. Results of the Campaign, 148. CHAPTER IX. Wilkinson's Expedition 149 Armstrong's Plans, 149. Position of the Troops, 150. Descent of the St. Lawrence, 152 Battle of Chrysler's Field, 154. Hampton's Defeat, 159. Cost of the Campaign, 160. Effects on the Niagara Frontier, 161. Capture of Fort Niagara, 163. Destruction of Buffalo and other Villages, 166. CHAPTER X. War in the South 168 Engagement at Lewistown, 168.Fight in Delaware Bay, 169. Burning of Havre de Grace, Georgetown, and Fredericktown, 171. Battle at Craney Island, 172. Destruc tion of Hampton, 176. Troubles with the Southern Indians, 178. Fight at Burnt Corn Creek, 179. Massacre at Fort Mims, 182. Jackson's Campaign, 183.Fights at Tallus- chatches, Talladega, the Hillabee Towns, Autosse, and Econochaca, 183. Dale's Canoe Fight, 188. CHAPTER XI. Naval Battles of 1813 194 The Hornet and the Peacock, 195. The Chesapeake and the Shannon, 197. The Argus and the Pelican, 201. The En terprise and the Boxer, 202. Decatur Blockaded at New London, 204. A New Embargo, 206. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection CONTENTS. V CHAPTER XII. page Privateers 207 Their Number and Importance, 207. Jefferson's Opinion of them, 208. A London Journal's Prediction, 211. Some of their Captures, and some of their Battles, 212. The Yan kee's Laughable Exploit, 222. CHAPTER XIII. Peace Negotiations. Campaign against the Creeks. 223 Condition of Affairs at the Opening of the Third Year, 223. Congressional Appropriations, 224 Russian Offers of Medi ation, 225. Jackson's Preparations, 227. Battles of Emuc- fau, Enotachopco, and Horseshoe Bend, 227. CHAPTER XIV. Brown's Campaign on the Niagara 231 The March to Buffalo, 231.Capture of Fort Erie, 232. Battle of Chippewa, 234. Brown's Plans, 238. Battle of Lundy's Lane, 240. Siege of Fort Erie by the British, 245. CHAPTER XV. The Second Invasion of New York 251 Fight at La Colle Mill, 251. Ship-building, 253. Yeo's Attack on Oswego, 254. Affairs at Charlotte and Poultneyville, 255. Fight at Sandy Creek, 257. Izard's Failure on the Niagara, 258. Expedition against Michilimackinac, 259. Prevost's Advance into New York, 260. Its Purpose, 261. Battle of Plattsburg, 265. CHAPTER XVI. Operations Along the Coast 268 Capture of Eastport and Castine, 268.Occupation of Territory in Maine, 269. Destruction of the Frigate Adams, 270. Bombardment of Stonington, 271.-Affairs at Wareham, Scituate, and Boothbay, 273. CHAPTER XVII. The Washington Campaign 274 Ross's Expedition against Washington, 276. Battle of Bla- densburg, 278. Destruction of the Capital, 282. Capitula tion of Alexandria, 283. Comments of the London Times, 284. Expedition against Baltimore, 285. Death of Sir Peter Parker, 286.Battle of North Point, 286.Death of General Ross, 287. Bombardment of Fort McHenry, 288. How a Famous Song was written, 289. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection Vl CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVIII. page Naval Battles of 1814 290 Porter's Cruise in the Essex, 290. His Campaign against the Typees, 296.Destruction of the British Whaling Interest in the Pacific, 310. Battle with the Phabe and the Cherub, and 312. The Peacock and the Epervier, 320. The Wasp the Reindeer, 321.The Wasp and the Avon, 322.Destruc tion of the General Armstrong, 323. Loss of the President, 325. The Constitution Captures the Cyane and the Levant, 325. The Hornet asd the Penguin, 325. CHAPTER XIX. The Hartford Convention 32 Attitude of the Federalists, Real and Imputed, 326. The Convention at Hartford, 328. Its Popular Reputation, 330. What General Scott did not say at Chippewa, 330. CHAPTER XX. The Campaign on the Gulf Coast 332 British Occupation of Pensacola, 332. Negotiations with La- fitte, 333. Expedition against Mobile, 333.Capture of Pensacola, 334. Defence of New Orleans, 336. The Battles before the City, 337. Defeat of the British, 344. Losses, 345- CHAPTER XXI. Peace 346 The Treaty of Ghent, 346. Treatment of Prisoners, 348. Losses and Gains by the War, 349. Conclusion, 350. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection A HISTORY OF THE WAR OF 1812-15. CHAPTER I. CAUSES OF THE WAR. Franklin's Prediction British Feeling toward the United States The Unsurrendered Posts Indian Troubles Impressment of Seamen The Decrees and Orders in Council Declaration of War. It is a singular fact that the deepest resentments and the most implacable hatreds are not those which arise from a sense of injuries received, but from injuries bestowed. The victim of a deliberate wrong seldom treasures up a purpose of revenge, or demands anything more than a restoration of his rights ; but the oppressor always hates those who have escaped from his oppression. That wise old philosopher, Ben Franklin, who died within seven years after the acknowledgment of our country as a separate nation in 1783, foresaw, even then, what did not take place till more than twenty years after his death. He declared that the war which had just closed in the surrender of Corn- wallis was only the war of Revolution, and that the war of Independence was yet to be fought. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection 2 CAUSES OF THE WAR. [1812. When, in June, 1785, George III. received John Adams as United States Minister at his court, he said : "I was the last man in the kingdom, Sir, to consent to the independence of America ; but, now it is granted, I shall be the last man in the world to sanction a violation of it." If the King was sin cere in this declaration, he must have had as Lincoln said of himself when President very little influence with the Administration ; for, almost from the first, there was systematic disregard of the rights of the new nation, with an evident purpose to humiliate her people and cripple their commerce. It was hard for the British Ministry and British commanders to realize that those whom they had so lately attempted to chastise as rebels, that they might again tax them as subjects, were now, after their triumph in a long war, and by the terms of a solemn treaty, entitled to the same privileges on the ocean, and the same courtesies in diplomacy, that were accorded to the oldest nation of Europe. They knew as little of the spirit of the American people and the mighty destinies within the coming cen tury, as of the resources of the vast continent which lay behind that thin line of civilization along the Atlantic coast. This failure to realize, or reluctance to admit, that the people of America were no longer British sub- Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County • Historic Monographs Collection i8i2.] CAUSES OF THE WAR.
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