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Géochimie Des Black Shales Du Jurassique Supérieur De La Plate-Forme Russe

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Géochimie Des Black Shales Du Jurassique Supérieur De La Plate-Forme Russe Géochimie des black shales du Jurassique supérieur de la plate-forme russe. Processus de sédimentation et de préservation de la matière organique Armelle Riboulleau To cite this version: Armelle Riboulleau. Géochimie des black shales du Jurassique supérieur de la plate-forme russe. Processus de sédimentation et de préservation de la matière organique. Géochimie. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. Français. tel-00006731 HAL Id: tel-00006731 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006731 Submitted on 24 Aug 2004 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE de DOCTORAT de l'UNIVERSITE PARIS 6 pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR de l'UNIVERSITE PARIS 6 présentée par Mlle Armelle RIBOULLEAU Sujet de la thèse Géochimie des black shales du Jurassique supérieur de la plate-forme russe. Processus de sédimentation et de préservation de la matière organique soutenue le 21 Décembre 2000 devant le jury composé de : M. P. Albrecht (CNRS, Strasbourg)..........................................................Rapporteur M. P. Farrimond (Université de Newcastle) ..............................................Rapporteur M. F. Baudin (Université Paris 6) .............................................................Directeur de thèse M. J. Boulègue (Université Paris 6) ..........................................................Examinateur M. G. Gorin (Université de Genève) .........................................................Examinateur M. C. Largeau (CNRS, ENS Chimie Paris)...............................................Directeur de thèse M. A. Mariotti (Université Paris 6) ...........................................................Examinateur Mme E. Vergès (CNRS, Orléans)...............................................................Examinateur Table des matières 5 AVANT PROPOS .........................................................................................................................................................9 RÉSUMÉ ......................................................................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................................................12 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................................13 CHAPITRE I. CADRE DE L'ÉTUDE ....................................................................................................................17 I.1. CONTEXTE GÉOLOGIQUE .........................................................................................................................19 I.1.1. SITUATION GEOGRAPHIQUE.........................................................................................................................20 I.1.2. BREVE HISTOIRE GEOLOGIQUE DE LA PLATE-FORME RUSSE AU MESOZOÏQUE .........................................20 I.1.3. PRESENTATION DES COUPES ETUDIEES .......................................................................................................23 I.1.3.1. Gorodische...........................................................................................................................................23 I.1.3.2. Affleurement de Kashpir .....................................................................................................................25 I.1.3.3. Mine de Kashpir ..................................................................................................................................25 I.2. GÉNÉRALITÉS SUR LA MO MARINE ......................................................................................................26 I.2.1. INTERET DE DON ETUDE...............................................................................................................................26 I.2.2. LE CYCLE DE LA MO....................................................................................................................................27 I.2.2.1. Sources de la MO ................................................................................................................................27 I.2.2.2. Devenir dans la colonne d'eau et diagenèse précoce........................................................................29 I.2.2.3. Evolution thermique du kérogène.......................................................................................................29 I.2.3. COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE LA BIOMASSE .................................................................................................30 I.2.3.1. Protéines ..............................................................................................................................................30 I.2.3.2. Carbohydrates .....................................................................................................................................30 I.2.3.3. Lipides ..................................................................................................................................................30 I.2.3.4. Lignine..................................................................................................................................................31 I.2.4. MECANISMES DE PRESERVATION DE LA MO ..............................................................................................31 I.2.4.1. Dégradation-recondensation ..............................................................................................................31 I.2.4.2. Préservation sélective..........................................................................................................................31 I.2.4.3. Sulfuration naturelle............................................................................................................................32 I.2.4.4. Adsorption minérale par les argiles...................................................................................................34 I.2.5. METHODES D'ETUDE DE LA MO SEDIMENTAIRE.........................................................................................34 I.2.5.1. Méthodes pétrographiques..................................................................................................................34 I.2.5.2. Méthodes spectroscopiques ................................................................................................................35 I.2.5.3. Analyse élémentaire.............................................................................................................................36 I.2.5.4. Méthodes pyrolytiques.........................................................................................................................38 I.2.5.5. Méthodes isotopiques ..........................................................................................................................39 CHAPITRE II. GÉOLOGIE ET GÉOCHIMIE GLOBALE..............................................................................41 II.1. FACIÈS ET MICROFACIÈS.........................................................................................................................43 II.1.1. FACIES.........................................................................................................................................................43 II.1.2. MICROFACIES..............................................................................................................................................45 II.1.2.1. Coupe de Gorodische.........................................................................................................................45 II.1.2.2. Niveau laminé de la Mine de Kashpir ..............................................................................................49 II.2. GÉOCHIMIE GLOBALE ..............................................................................................................................49 II.2.1. COUPE DE GORODISCHE .............................................................................................................................49 II.2.1.1. Analyse Rock-Eval .............................................................................................................................49 II.2.1.2. Paramètres inorganiques...................................................................................................................54 6 Table des matières II.2.1.3. Teneur en soufre total........................................................................................................................57 II.2.2. GEOCHIMIE GLOBALE SUR LA COUPE ET LA MINE DE KASHPIR................................................................62 II.2.2.1. Analyse Rock-Eval .............................................................................................................................62 II.2.2.2. Paramètres inorganiques...................................................................................................................65
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