ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 2 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 82 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 83

t ra n spor t to t he c y tosol f rom t he e x t racel lu la r med iu m (Slc7a11) and A1 TRANSGENERATIONAL RESPONSE A1.3 IS THERE A MECHANISTIC LINK from melanosomes (CTNS), and regulation of tyrosinase activity BETWEEN DNA METHYLATION AND (MC1R and ASIP). These changes were mediated by increases in TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS: REVERSIBLE ACCLIMATION? DNA m 5 C in all genes except Slc7a11, wh ic h e x pe r ienced R NA m 6 A depletion. Birds supplemented with cysteine synthesized more pheomelanin than controls, but did not suffer higher systemic DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:45 ox idat ive st ress. T hese resu lt s suggest t hat e xcess c ystei ne ac t ivates an epigenetic mechanism that favours pheomelanin synthesis and AND LIFETIME FITNESS FRANK SEEBACHER (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA) may protec t aga i n st ox idat ive st ress. [email protected]

Phenotypic plasticity can confer resilience to environmental change. Understanding the mechanistic basis of plasticity is A1.5 EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS i mpor ta nt to pred ic t it s ma n i festat ion i n a phylogenet ic conte x t, NTO TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS and under different scenarios of climate change. Plasticity of OF PESTICIDES AMÉLIE CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW) physiological functions is obligatory for cell survival, and it ORGANISED BY: emerges from regulatory systems that evolved to maintain TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:30 AND SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW) energy homeostasis within cells. Interactions between regulators pe r m it ted a n i nc rea si ng ly soph i st icated fi ne -t u n i ng of phenot y pes, VERÓNICA CASTAÑO-SANZ (ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE DOÑANA and potentially link transgenerational, developmental, and CSIC, SPAIN), IVAN GOMEZ-MESTRE (ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA reversible plasticity. We used a zebrafish DNA methyltransferase 3 DE DOÑANA CSIC, SPAIN), FRANCISCO GARCIA-GONZALEZ A1.1 EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE AS A A1.2 PARENTAL DIETARY CRUDE knock-out model to test whether there is a mechanistic link between (ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE DOÑANA CSIC, SPAIN) BRIDGE FOR SURVIVING SHORT-TERM OIL EXPOSURE IN THE KING QUAIL env i ron menta l ly i nduced DNA met hylat ion i n pa rent s a nd ea rly e mbr yon ic stages, a nd reve rsible acc l i mat ion i n adu lt offspr i ng. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS (COTURNIX CHINENSIS) LEADS TO [email protected] It is constructive to interpret thermal plasticity in the context of EFFECTS ON OFFSPRING RESPIRATORY explicit regulatory mechanisms, which can replace current verbal Pesticides and fertilizers are used all over the world affecting TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:00 PHYSIOLOGY evolutionary models. a myriad of organisms. Pesticides drive evolution by imposing a selective pressure on organisms, to which they can respond WARREN BURGGREN (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:30 plastically and eventually adapt. In this work we investigate UNITED STATES) whether and how transgenerational effects triggered by pesticide e x posu re modu late evolut ion of t ra it s i nvolved i n rapid adaptat ion . [email protected] NAIM BAUTISTA (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED A1.4 CHANGES IN MELANOCYTE STATES), LARA DO AMARAL-SILVA (SAO PAULO STATE RNA AND DNA METHYLATION FAVOUR We will present results of ongoing work in which seed beetles of the pest species Callosobruchus maculatus are exposed to sublethal Epigenet ic i n he r ita nce of mod i fied phenot y pic t ra it s ha s of ten been UNIVERSITY (FCAV-UNESP), BRAZIL), NEAL DAVAR PHEOMELANIN SYNTHESIS AND concent rat ion s of a com mon ly u sed pest ic ide, a nd t he e ffec t s of suc h framed in the context of disease, maladaption or unfit phenotypes, (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES), WARREN W MAY AVOID SYSTEMIC OXIDATIVE exposure on subsequent generations are examined. This test will especially from a medical perspective. Yet, epigenetically BURGGREN (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES) inform on whether parental exposure to sublethal concentrations of i n he r ited phe not y pes ge ne rated by pa renta l e x posu re to adve rse STRESS AFTER DIETARY CYSTEINE pest ic ide a ffec t s subseque nt ge ne rat ion s, eve n i f t hose ge ne rat ion s environments can also be highly adaptive when that adverse [email protected] SUPPLEMENTATION IN BIRDS a re not e x posed to t he tox ica nt t hem selves. We w i l l dete r m i ne t he environment persists across several generations. Two key Crude oil represents a constant threat for marine and marshal lifetime reproductive success (LRS), longevity and fecundity of the features of epigenetically inherited traits can make them of critical birds species that could be exposed dermally, dietarily or via TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:15 pa renta l gene rat ion , a s wel l a s of t he F1 a nd F2 . We e x pec t pest ic ide importance when organisms face prolonged, multi-generational respi rat ion , lead i ng to det r i me nta l e ffec t s on t hei r mor pholog y a nd exposure to alter the fitness traits of the treated (exposed) groups, periods of adverse environments. First, epigenetically inherited physiology. However, oil spills often coincide with the breeding SOL RODRÍGUEZ-MARTÍNEZ (DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGÍA compared to control groups (non-exposed to the pesticide), and traits can arise quickly and simultaneously in most if not all of a sea son for t hese spec ies a nd potent ia l ly a ffec t s t hei r reproduc t ive EVOLUTIVA, ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE DOÑANA - CSIC, SPAIN), we a lso e x pec t t hat t he pest ic ide’s i mpac t wou ld pe rsi st for some popu lat ion a s a resu lt of com mon i nd iv idua l or pa renta l e x pe r ience. success and developmental trajectories of their offspring. We RAFAEL MÁRQUEZ (DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGÍA EVOLUTIVA, generations but would become attenuated with time. The results This sharply contrasts with genetic inheritance, in which adaptive u sed t he k i ng qua i l a s a n i ma l model a nd e x posed t he m to d i ffe re nt ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE DOÑANA - CSIC, SPAIN), ÂNGELA will improve our understanding of the consequences of pesticides t ra it s a r i si ng by mutat ion may on ly ve r y slowly become fi xed (or not) concentrations of crude oil (1%HEWAF or 10%HEWAF) via their INÁCIO (LABORATÓRIO DE GENÉTICA, INSTITUTO DE SAÚDE (a nd of ot he r env i ron menta l st ressors a nd tox ica nt s gene ra l ly), a nd across many successive generations. Second, epigenetic traits are by diet. We analyzed indicators of health (body mass, temperature, AMBIENTAL, FACULDADE DE MEDICINA, UNIVERSIDAD DE will show whether these chemicals play a role driving t hei r ve r y nat u re reve rsible. Epige net ic reade rs, w r ite rs a nd e ra se rs oxygen consumption, ventilatory rate,) and fitness (laying, LISBOA, PORTUGAL), ISMAEL GALVÁN (DEPARTAMENTO DE t ra n sge ne rat iona l e ffec t s t hat may u nde rl ie popu lat ion dy na m ics sense and then modify the state of epigenetic markers regulating fertilization, hatching success) in the adult quails, then we assessed ECOLOGÍA EVOLUTIVA, ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE DOÑANA - and the evolution of resistance. These are key aspects for gene expression, and are highly dynamic as they constantly from the cellular (mitochondrial respiration) to the systemic level CSIC, SPAIN) conservation and agricultural management, and for enhancing reacting to environmental conditions. Changes in epigenetic (respi romet r y) i f t he respi rator y physiolog y of t hei r offspr i ng wa s our understanding of adaptive evolution. w r ite rs a nd e ra se rs mod i f y t he deg ree of DNA met hylat ion state impaired. Preliminary results indicate that body mass does not vary [email protected] or the makeup of non-coding microRNAs, both of which regulate among adult groups (~69.5g female, ~46.4g male) however, oxygen ge ne e x pression . T he resu lt i ng phe not y pe c ha nges ca n i nc lude a Cysteine plays essential biological roles, but excessive amounts con su mpt ion wa s i nc rea sed i n t he g roup e x posed to t he h ig he r dose return to the genetically determined default or normal condition. produce cellular oxidative stress. Cysteine metabolism is compared with control (5.95 mL O /g/h and 5.10 mL O /g/h, Thus, epigenetic inheritance of modifed adaptive phenotypes 2 2 mainly mediated by the enzymes cysteine dioxygenase and p < 0.05, respec t ively). A lt houg h egg mass a nd si ze d id not d i ffer ca n be a n effect ive mecha n ism a l low i ng orga n isms i n dy na m ic γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, respectively coded by the genes among groups, fertilization percentage was reduced in oil-exposed environments to respond to short-term environmental changes. CDO1 and GCLC. Here we test a new hypothesis that the synthesis of g roups by up to 20 %. Add it iona l ly, wate r loss f rom t he oi l e x posed Epigenetic inheritance is thus far more “nimble” than inheritance the pigment pheomelanin also contributes to cysteine homeostasis pa rent s wa s i nc rea sed (~ 0.11g /day oi l- e x posed vs 0.0 5g /day cont rol, by genetic mutation, and so can provide an important, reversible, in melanocytes, where cysteine can enter the pheomelanogenesis respectively). Our results suggest that crude oil exposure in adult multi-generational bridge across time periods with adverse pathway. We investigated the Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea, quails may compromise organismal metabolic costs and directly environmental conditions. a bird producing large amounts of pheomelanin for feather a ffec t s reproduc t ive success. Add it iona l ly, offspr i ng respi rator y pigmentation, to see if melanocytes show epigenetic lability under physiology may be compromised. This experiment highlights the exposure to excess cysteine. We increased systemic cysteine levels releva nce of pe r for m i ng e x pe r i me nt s con side r i ng more t ha n one in nuthatches by supplementing them with dietary cysteine during generation to better understand the ecological impact of oil-spills growth. In feather melanocytes this led to the downregulation of on bird populations. genes involved in intracellular cysteine metabolism (GCLC), cysteine ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 84 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 85

in which reproduction occurred interacted with thermal history t he r ma l e ffec t. Zebra fi sh i n t he w i ld encou nte r la rge tempe rat ure A1.6 TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS to effect the phenotype of offspring produced. Finally, certain A1.9 EVOLUTION OF THERMAL fluctuations and have high capacity for thermal acclimation. AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO traits exhibited rapid plasticity consistently occurring within a TOLERANCE IN ZEBRAFISH However, zebrafish lines used in biomedical research were generation, while others required the previous generation(s) to have domest icated i n t he 1970 s a nd have si nce bee n rea red at opt i ma l DROUGHT IN QUERCUS ILEX L. TREES e x pe r ie nced wa r me r cond it ion s for phe not y pic c ha nge to a r i se. te mpe rat u re w it h m i n i ma l t he r ma l fluc t uat ion s. We t reated t he TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:45 domest icat ion of zebra fi sh a s a n evolut ion e x pe r i me nt to opt i ma l TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:45 temperature and asked if this has reduced the thermal plasticity of RACHAEL MORGAN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE lab fi sh . We kept w i ld a nd laborator y zebra fi sh at 15 te mpe rat u res LAURA GARCIA DE JALON (CEFE CNRS, FRANCE), JEAN MARC A1.8 TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), METTE H FINNØEN (NORWEGIAN (10 °C-38°C) for one mont h , a l low i ng t he r ma l acc l i mat ion , before LIMOUSIN (CEFE CNRS, FRANCE), MARIE MIROUZE (IRD, IN A WARMING OCEAN – WHICH PARENT UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), examining phenotypic differences in vivo, including growth, FRANCE), ALEXANDRU MILCU (CEFE CNRS, FRANCE) HENRIK JENSEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND behaviours, metabolic rates, swimming, thermal tolerance, and HAS THE GREATEST IMPACT ON THE TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), CHRISTOPHE PÉLABON (NORWEGIAN reaction speed. Additionally, we investigated expression of 40 genes [email protected] OFFSPRING? UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), in key pathways (e.g. metabolism, growth, endocrine, stress, cellular FREDRIK JUTFELT (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE damage). We show that both temperature and domestication, with Climate change-related alterations in temperature and precipitation AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY) interactions, had major effects on all levels of biology. Domesticated are currently leading to increased worldwide tree mortality TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:30 have lost plasticity in their phenotype and are thus less able rates (Choat et al., 2018). We urgently need to better understand [email protected] to counter the direct effects of temperature on e.g. metabolism, the physiological impacts of recurrent droughts on tree water RACHEL K SPINKS (ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL Climate change is increasing global temperatures and the frequency sw i m pe r for ma nce, a nd be hav iou r. T hese d i ffe re nces i n pla st ic it y use strategies and carbon metabolism, as well as the currently REEF STUDIES, JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), of e x t reme event s suc h a s heat waves, wh ic h ca n i mpose t he r ma l weremost apparent at the highest temperatures. Similarly, we show unknown role of epigenetic-induced transgenerational effects JENNIFER M DONELSON (ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR stress on aquatic ectotherms. How organisms will cope with that the underlying genetic machinery is less plastic in domesticated for drought tolerance. To fill these knowledge gaps, we measured CORAL REEF STUDIES, JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), climate change will partly depend on how quickly they are able fi sh , a nd t hat domest icated fi sh a lso show more sig n s of t he r mal the physiological responses to drought of adult holm oak trees LUCREZIA BONZI (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE to adapt their thermal tolerance. However, the ability of thermal stress. This suggests that maintaining plasticity carries a fitness (Quercus ilex L.) in situ (at the CNRS Puechabon experimental field AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), TIMOTHY RAVASI (KING tolerance to evolve in vertebrates is largely unknown. To address this cost, and that stable environments can lead to a loss of plasticity site) where a -30% precipitation reduction has been applied for over ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI question, we artificially selected for thermal tolerance in zebrafish. over short evolutionary timescales. 15 years, as well as in controlled environment conditions (at the ARABIA), PHILIP L MUNDAY (ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR Starting with a large wild-caught ancestral population (n=1800), we C N R S Mont pel l ie r Eu ropea n Ecot ron) for t hei r respec t ive 1-yea r- old CORAL REEF STUDIES, JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) selec ted fi sh for si x ge ne rat ion s accord i ng to fou r dupl icated selec t ion offspring. Our aim is to assess whether drought tolerance-related t reat me nt s: h ig h t he r ma l tole ra nce, low t he r ma l tole ra nce, h ig h physiological responses are related to changes in the methylomes [email protected] thermal tolerance after warm acclimation, and random selection using WGBS. Among other responses, we found that adult trees from A1.11 TRANSGENERATIONAL R i si ng sea tempe rat u re poses a sig n i fica nt t h reat to ma r i ne fi shes. (control). We found that whilst thermal tolerance is diverging the rainfall exclusion treatment had -28% lower carbon assimilation RESPONSES TO HARVEST-ASSOCIATED W h i le cu r rent-day popu lat ions of reef fish su ffer when ex posed between lines, the response to selection is asymmetrical with a rates at the end of the dry season (October 2017) relative to the short-term to elevated temperatures, future warming will occur stronger response in the direction of reduced tolerance. The weak SELECTION AND POPULATION DENSITY a mbient cont rols. Howeve r, i n t he ne x t spr i ng (2018) t he ca rbon over numerous generations for most species. Recent studies have response in the high tolerance line suggests that evolution to ON FISH PHYSIOLOGY a ssi m i lat ion rates we re +25% h ig he r t ha n i n t he cont rol s, i nd icat i ng show n t hat when pa rents ex per ience wa r mer ocea n cond it ions increase thermal tolerance is very slow. With the rate at which global a strong compensatory response when soil moisture was no longer th roughout life, offspring per for mance improves. Yet we do not te mpe rat u res a re i nc rea si ng, t hese resu lt s suggest t hat fi sh may limiting. The links with the changes in methylome will be presented TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:15 know the mechanisms that underpin these transgenerational not be able to evolve rapidly enough to adapt to the new conditions. and discussed. e ffec t s. For e xa mple, it i s u n k now n i f one or bot h pa re nt s fac i l itate These thermally selected lines provide us with a unique opportunity AMELIE CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED t he obse r ved offspr i ng i mprovement . He re, we dete r m i ned what to e xa m i ne how physiolog ica l t ra it s may co - evolve w it h t he r ma l KINGDOM), ANITA RACZ (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED combi nat ion of pa re nta l e x pe r ie nce (i.e. mot he rs, fat he rs, or bot h adaptation, as well as to investigate the mechanisms involved in KINGDOM), LAURINE EUDE (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED A1.7 TRANSGENERATIONAL parents) and cue timing (during development and/or reproduction) limiting thermal tolerance in fish. KINGDOM), KEVIN PARSONS (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED i s requ i red to have be ne fic ia l e ffec t s on offspr i ng pe r for ma nce at KINGDOM), JAN LINDSTRÖM (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED PLASTICITY OF A CORAL REEF FISH elevated temperature in the spiny damselfish,Acanthochromis KINGDOM), SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED TO OCEAN WARMING polyacanthus. F1 offspring from wild-caught pairs were exposed KINGDOM) to current-day or elevated temperatures (+1.5°C) during early A1.10 THERMAL PLASTICITY REDUCED development and/or reproduction. F1 breeding pairs were arranged TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:00 BY DOMESTICATION IN ZEBRAFISH [email protected] so t hat eve r y combi nat ion of ma le a nd fe ma le t he r ma l e x pe r ie nces occurred. Interestingly, no breeding took place when both parents Fisheries-induced evolution (FIE) represents one of the most JENNIFER M DONELSON (ARC COE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES experienced elevated temperature during developmental and TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:00 important human-induced evolutionary pressures for natural JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) reproduc t ive stages. F2 offspr i ng f rom a l l t he re ma i n i ng pa re nta l popu lat ion s. Howeve r, t he mec ha n i sm s by wh ic h F I E ope rates, a nd combinations were reared for 3 months in current-day, intermediate FREDRIK JUTFELT (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE its consequences for populations, are still unclear. Previous studies [email protected] (+0.75°C), or elevated (+1.5°C) temperatures to disentangle AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), RACHAEL MORGAN (NORWEGIAN have h ig h l ig hted t hat physiolog ica l t ra it s l i n ked to fi sh v u l ne rabi l it y For t he major it y of spec ies a nd popu lat ion s present- day t he r ma l developme nta l ve rsu s t ra n sge ne rat iona l e ffec t s. We compa red UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), to capture (such as growth, swimming performance or metabolism) performance and sensitivity suggests negative impacts of future body si ze, mor ta l it y, sw i m m i ng pe r for ma nce, a nd pat te r n s of se x ANNA H ANDREASSEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE have t he potent ia l to evolve but a re a lso i n fluenced by env i ron menta l projected warming and very little capacity for species to cope determination in F2 juveniles. This transgenerational experimental AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), EIRIK ÅSHEIM (NORWEGIAN effects (such as the reduced density of the targeted population) w it h e x pec ted f ut u re c ha nge. Howeve r, for most spec ies projec ted desig n represent s a sig n i fica nt adva ncement i n ou r u nde rsta nd i ng UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), t hat mod i fies t he e x pression of t ra it s a nd a lte r t hei r evolut iona r y environmental change will occur over years and generations of how environmental conditions experienced in one generation METTE FINNØEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND potential. Both evolution, plasticity and their interaction are likely allowing for plastic and adaptive processes to take place. Knowledge influences the performance of the next generation and better TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), GUNNAR DRESLER (NORWEGIAN to play a n i mpor ta nt role i n t he evolut iona r y respon se to fi she r ies. of the capacity for species to acclimate and adapt to rapid climate pred ic t s t he resi l ie nce of cora l reef fi sh to ocea n wa r m i ng. UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), However, there is little known about the actual phenotypic response change is critical for understanding likely species responses, as TORE BREMBU (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND of a targeted population immediately following a selective harvest wel l a s for e ffec t ive ma nage me nt a nd con se r vat ion of ecosyste m s TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), ADRIAN LOH (UNIVERSITY OF event and its associated reduction in population density. Therefore, in the future. Using a model coral reef fish I investigated the influence GREENWICH, UNITED KINGDOM), JOANNA MIEST using controlled experiments on semi-wild zebrafish reared at two of thermal conditions experienced over multiple-generations on (UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH, UNITED KINGDOM) d i fferent densit ies a nd ha r vested usi ng si mu lated t rawli ng, we performance. A number of interesting patterns were found with c reated a fi rst ge ne rat ion of offspr i ng (fou r d i ffe re nt g roups f rom a t he tempe rat u re e x pe r ienced by t he c u r rent, pa rent or g ra ndpa rent [email protected] parental population that was harvested or not, for normal and low generation affecting the phenotype of fish, with more gradual density), which were themselves reared at either at normal or low The body temperature of fish is affected by environmental warming over generations resulting in greater plasticity allowing population density and evaluated their physiological response. temperature, and higher temperatures increase biological rates. developmental plasticity occuring on top of transgenerational While offspring rearing density directly influenced the mass of the Fi sh i n habit i ng wate rs w it h fluc t uat i ng tempe rat u res acc l i mate plasticity. In addition, I also found that the thermal conditions fi sh , t he pa re nta l e x pe r ie nce i n te r m s of bot h ha r vest a nd popu lat ion their biochemical and physiological functions to counter that direct ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 86 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 87

density also influenced offspring metabolism. These results provides food ava i labi l it y i n t he Eu ropea n ea r w ig (Forficula auricularia). i n sig ht i nto t he dete r m i na nt s a nd physiolog ica l e ffec t s of fi sh i ng at A1.13 HOW OCEAN ACIDIFICATION A1.14 A TEST FOR The parental generation was raised either in high or low food the population levels, revealing that transgenerational responses COULD CHALLENGE A KEYSTONE TRANSGENERATIONAL PLASTICITY IN environments. After oviposition, clutches were cross-fostered to can occur immediately after harvest-associated selection and foster mothers experiencing matched or mismatched conditions. density reduction and prior to genetic evolution. GAMMARID AMPHIPOD THE ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE OF ACORN O ve ra l l, t he foste r env i ron ment i n fluenced a l l mea su red offspr i ng ANT THERMAL TOLERANCE ACROSS AN pe r for ma nce t ra it s a f te r hatc h i ng. We fou nd no sig n i fica nt e ffec ts TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:30 URBAN-RURAL TEMPERATURE CLINE of matc h i ng cond it ion s on offspr i ng g row t h a nd developmenta l rate. Howeve r, offspr i ng t hat we re kept u nde r food ava i labi l it ies matc h i ng FRANCISCO OMC BORGES (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL the one of their mothers showed an enhanced survival to adulthood A1.12 TRANSGENERATIONAL TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:45 PLASTICITY IN MARINE FISH – SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, compared with offspring experiencing mismatched conditions. Our PORTUGAL), ANA R LOPES (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL fi nd i ngs suppor t t hat A M E occ u rs i n relat ion to food ava i labi l it y i n RYAN MARTIN (CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, UNITED A WAY TO ESCAPE THE CLAWS OF SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, a n i nve r tebrate t hat i nc rea se offspr i ng su r v iva l to adu lt hood u nde r STATES), LACY CHICK (CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, CLIMATE CHANGE? PORTUGAL), CÁTIA FIGUEIREDO (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL matching food conditions. UNITED STATES), AARON YILMAZ (CASE WESTERN RESERVE SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), SARAH DIAMOND (CASE WESTERN PORTUGAL), EDUARDO S SAMPAIO (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:00 RESERVE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), MÁRIO DINIZ (UCIBIO REQUIMTE FACULDADE DE FELIX C MARK (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), LISA [email protected] A1.16 CHRONIC MATERNAL STRESS CIÊNCIAS E TECNOLOGIA, UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA, NS SHAMA (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), ANNELI EXPOSURE RESHAPES INTER-CLUTCH PORTUGAL), RUI ROSA (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES STROBEL (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), ALEXANDRE D i se nta ng l i ng t he mec ha n i sm s of phe not y pic sh i f t s i n respon se to CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), PATTERNS OF OFFSPRING SURVIVAL FELLOUS (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), AMÉLIE environmental change is critical, and although studies increasingly TIAGO F GRILO (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), UWE disentangle phenotypic plasticity from evolutionary change, few IN STICKLEBACKS CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL) JOHN (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), MATHIAS K. explore the potential role for transgenerational plasticity in this WEGNER (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY) context. Using a common garden rearing experiment over two TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:15 [email protected] generations, we evaluate the potential role that transgenerational plasticity plays in the adaptive phenotypic divergence of acorn [email protected] Ocea n ac id i ficat ion i s one of t he ma i n eme rg i ng t h reat s to ma r i ne AGNIESZKA MAGIERECKA (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ant (Temnothorax curvispinosus) thermal tolerance in response biod ive rsit y. Despite t he ma ny k now n negat ive e ffec t s to ma r i ne ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY The world’s climate is changing at an unprecedented rate, to u rba n i zat ion . F2 ge ne rat ion worke r a nt s (offspr i ng of lab -bor n species, few studies have addressed the transgenerational OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), ANTREAS ARISTEIDOU which is observed in the ocean surface waters as increasing queens) exhibited similar divergence among urban and rural consequences of exposure to high CO . This presentation will (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH AND ocean warming, acidification and deoxygenation. If living 2 popu lat ion s a s F1 gene rat ion worke r a nt s (offspr i ng of field-bor n cover recent work performed on a keystone gammarid amphipod COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED conditions turn physiologically unfavourable and capacities quee n s) i nd icat i ng t hat evolut iona r y d i ffe re nt iat ion rat he r t ha n (Gammarus locusta). First, it will analyse the transgenerational KINGDOM), NEIL B METCALFE (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, for acclimatisation have been fully exploited, marine fish transgenerational plasticity was responsible for shifts towards effects of high CO regarding survival and reproductive traits ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF generally face three choices: move, adapt or become extinct. 2 higher heat tolerance and diminished cold tolerance in urban (e.g. female reproductive investment, mate-guarding, as well as GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) Not all fish species are generalist enough to successfully acorn ants. Hybrid matings between urban and rural populations fecundity). Then, it will address potential single-generation effects move into new habitats and ecosystems and most fish species provided further insight into the genetic architecture of thermal concerning metabolism (i.e. on routine metabolic rates) and in male [email protected] have rather long generation times that prevent evolutionary adaptation. Heat tolerance of hybrids more resembled the urban- long-distance mate-tracking (i.e. olfactory reception of female adaptation from keeping pace with climate change. urban pure type, whereas cold tolerance of hybrids more resembled If parents experience stress in the period leading up to reproduction, c ues). La st ly, it w i l l br ie fly a na lyse t ra n sge ne rat iona l e ffec t s on Epigenetically mediated transgenerational plasticity the rural-rural pure type. As a consequence, thermal tolerance traits this may potentially alter the phenotype and prospects of their st ress-related bioc he m ica l e ndpoi nt s (e.g. ox idat ive da mage, protei n might be seen as the golden compromise between fast i n t h i s system appea r to be i n flue nced by dom i na nce rat he r t ha n offspr i ng. W h i lst acute st ress is of ten associated w it h adapt ive repa i r a nd remova l mecha n isms a nd a nt iox ida nt responses). I n but limited acclimatisation and slow yet highly flexible being purely additive traits, and heat and cold tolerance might be mate r na l prog ra m m i ng, t he con sequences of c h ron ic e x posu re to summary, results suggest that predicted end-century CO levels adaptation, enabling organisms to overcome the limits 2 determined by separate genes. Though transgenerational plasticity environmental stressors are less clear in terms of offspring fitness. cou ld i nduce delete r iou s, t ra n sge ne rat iona l e ffec t s on seve ra l of t he of acclimatisation from one generation to the next. does not explain divergence of acorn ant thermal tolerance, its role in Particularly, little is known about the impact of chronic maternal analysed traits (in particular regarding survival, female investment In my presentation, I will discuss examples from the recent divergence of other traits and across other urbanization gradients st ress on su r v iva l of offspr i ng f rom successive reproduc t ive bout s and fecundity). Concerning metabolism and male reproductive literature and ongoing studies and explore to what extent merits further study. ove r a breed i ng sea son (do mot he rs habit uate so t hat e ffec t s lesse n , be hav iou r, a si ng le -ge ne rat ion e x posu re wa s su ffic ie nt to i nduce a ecophysiological tolerance and performance ranges can benefit from or do e ffec t s get more pronou nced?). To add ress t hese quest ion s, we significant drop in routine metabolic rates, consistent with metabolic transgenerational plasticity and whether it has the potential to save e x posed fe ma le st ic k lebac k s to si mu lated c h ron ic e nv i ron me nta l depression, and a significant reduction in male response to female ma r i ne fi sh spec ies f rom t he d i re con seque nces of c l i mate c ha nge. stress throughout a breeding season in which they produced scent c ues. Rega rd i ng bioc hem ica l e ffec t s, resu lt s present suppor t multiple clutches, and assessed the survival of their offspring from to the premise that high CO i s e x pec ted to dec rea se su r v iva l a nd A1.15 MATERNAL PROGRAMMING 2 successive c lutc hes i n t he fi rst 6 mont h s post-hatc h i ng. We fou nd lead to within- and transgenerational oxidative damage, as well as AFFECTS OFFSPRING SURVIVAL AND ev ide nce of age - dependent i nte r- c lutc h d i ffe re nces i n offspr i ng ea rly suggest t hat delete r iou s e ffec t s a re pote nt ia l ly bei ng i n he r ited by t he IS DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT FOOD l i fe su r v iva l fol low i ng mate r na l e x posu re to c h ron ic st ress. T he offspring. The present findings suggest thatG. locusta populations AVAILABILITIES IN AN quality of offspring of non-stressed females, as indicated by their cou ld be v u l ne rable to t he e ffec t s of pred ic ted ocea n ac id i ficat ion survival rate in the first 3 months, declined over successive clutches. cond it ion s, a nd h i nt at a pote nt ia l fit ness reduc t ion for t he spec ies. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:00 I n cont ra st, st ress- e x posed fe ma les produced offspr i ng w it h h ig he r survival rates later in the season. Between 3 and 6 months post- SHIRLEY RAVEH (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), hatc h i ng, offspr i ng of st ress- e x posed fe ma les had lowe r su r v iva l DOMINIK VOGT (UNIVERSITY OF BASEL, SWITZERLAND), than those of controls. Long-term stress exposure may have led to MATHIAS KÖLLIKER (UNIVERSITY OF BASEL, SWITZERLAND) perceived deterioration in the environment and increased maternal i nvest me nt late r i n t he breed i ng sea son . Si nce t he offspr i ng d id not [email protected] e x pe r ience t he sa me st ressf u l env i ron ment a s t hei r mot he rs, t he resulting phenotype may not have been advantageous in the long T he re i s e x ten sive ev idence show i ng t hat mate r na l ly t ra n sm it ted term, hence the increased mortality later in life. information about environmental quality like food availability can lead to adju st me nt s i n offspr i ng phe not y pe. O f pa r t ic u la r i nte rest i s i f mot he rs ca n prog ra m t hei r offspr i ng to cope best u nde r matc h i ng environmental conditions compared to mismatching ones. However, data con fi r m ing t hese ant icipator y mater nal effects (A M E) a re still scarce. In this study, we manipulated experimentally the ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 88 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 89

A1.17 GENETIC SELECTION FOR COLD A1.18 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC A1.19 INTEGRATING PHYSIOLOGY, A1.20 HIGH CO2 IMPAIRS CLEANER TOLERANCE SHAPES THE TILAPIA CHANGES CAUSED BY OXYGEN CHANGES BEHAVIOR AND LIFE HISTORY TO FISH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO LOW AND MERCURY CONTAMINATION IN UNDERSTAND IMPACTS OF OCEAN THROUGH DOPAMINERGIC DISRUPTION TEMPERATURE AND MODULATES ITS NEOTROPICAL FISH WARMING ON KEY MARINE SPECIES MICROBIOME COMPOSITION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION JOSE RICARDO PAULA (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:30 DIANA A MONTEIRO (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS, PATRICIA PEINADO (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ANTARCTIC SCIENCES CENTRE, LABORATORIO MARITIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), EVE OTJACQUES (MARE - MARINE AND AVNER CNAANI (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, BRAZIL), DAVID J MCKENZIE (UMR MARBEC, FRANCE), EDWIN STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, LABORATORIO MARITIMO ISRAEL), TALI NITZAN (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH W TAYLOR (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), GRETTA PECL (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ANTARCTIC DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), MIGUEL BAPTISTA (MARE - MARINE AND ORGANIZATION, ISRAEL), FOTINI KOKOU (AGRICULTURAL FRANCISCO T RANTIN (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS, STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, LABORATORIO MARITIMO DA RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, ISRAEL), ADI DORON-FAIGENBOIM BRAZIL), ANA L KALININ (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO QUINN FITGIBBON (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ANTARCTIC GUIA, PORTUGAL), FRANCISCO CARVALHO (MARE - MARINE AND (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, ISRAEL), TATIANA CARLOS, BRAZIL) STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, LABORATORIO MARITIMO SLOSMAN (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, ISRAEL), SEAN TRACEY (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ANTARCTIC DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), TIAGO REPOLHO (MARE - MARINE AND ITZHAK MIZRAHI (BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV, [email protected] STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, LABORATORIO MARITIMO DA ISRAEL) Hy pox ia i s a phe nome non t hat occ u rs ove r la rge a rea s i n aquat ic JAYSON SEMMENS (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ANTARCTIC GUIA, PORTUGAL), REDOUAN BSHARY (INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY, systems worldwide and may affect aquatic animals, leading to STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA) UNIVERSITY OF NEUCHÂTEL, SWITZERLAND), RUI ROSA (MARE - [email protected] population decline and changes in community. Furthermore, MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, LABORATORIO synergies with other stressors could amplify the effects of [email protected] Cold is an environmental challenge that greatly affects physiological MARITIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL) alterations in ambient O such as the impacts of increasing pollutant Marine communities are likely to be particularly vulnerable to processes. W hen exposed to cold temperatures, poikilothermic 2 concentrations. Of all contaminant metals, mercury is by far the the climate-driven changes in the geographical distribution of animals, such as fish, undergo remarkable physiological adjustments [email protected] most toxic due to its persistence in water and sediments and its species. Modification of species distributions can lead to new to maintain homeostasis. Such adjustments may vary across ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify through aquatic food webs. species interactions which could have consequences for the species Species’ cognition is tightly linked to their evolutionary history and populations and individuals, depending of factors such as life T he a i m of t h i s st udy wa s to a na ly ze t he e ffec t of ac ute e x posu re population, or the broader community composition or ecosystem ecology. The cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, evolved a set of history, nutritional status or genetic background. Understanding (9 6 h), v ia wate r, a nd a sub - c h ron ic e x posu re (30 days), v ia food , functioning. In particular, climate-driven changes in predator- cognitive tools and sophisticated behaviour to engage in cooperative the mechanisms that underlie the variation of phenotypic responses to sub-lethal doses of inorganic mercury on electrocardiogram prey interactions can substantially impact the whole community clea n i ng i nterac t ions w it h ot her reef fi sh species. However, t he can provide insights into the nature of environmental tolerance and of two ecologically distinct Neotropical fish species, matrinxã when i mpor ta nt predator or prey spec ies a re a ffec ted . Given major ecological conditions where cleaners were able to evolve their adaptat ion . He re, we a i m to e x plore pote nt ia l mec ha n i sm s of t he r ma l (Brycon amazonicus, Characidae) and trahira (Hoplias malabaricus, redistribution of marine species is already occurring in response cognitive abilities are changing due to processes such as ocean tolerance in tilapia, fish of tropical origin widely distributed across E r y t h r i n idae) i n respon se to aquat ic hy pox ia c ha l le nge. Rega rd i ng to climate change, understanding species physiology, and the acidification. Here, we acclimated cleaners to a range of five different the world due to its aquaculture importance, but also considered as mat r i n xã, t he c r it ica l poi nt s h ig h l ig hted we re i mpa i red elec t r ica l comple x relat ion sh ip bet wee n it a nd biot ic i nte rac t ion s a re esse nt ia l CO concentrations, from pre-industrial (275 µatm) to elevated CO a n i nva sive spec ies. We u sed u n ique e x pe r i me nta l set ups, ba sed on 2 2 conduction as first-degree atrioventricular block and prolonged for anticipating how species and ecosystems will respond to the (9 8 0 µat m , 210 0 RC P 8. 5 sce na r io) to u n ravel c lea ne rs adaptat ion families with low or high cold-tolerance, originating from a selective atrial depolarization during severe hypoxia. For trahiras the fast rates of current warming. By studying rapidly responding potential. We tested cleaners ability to solve an ecologically relevant breeding scheme in which blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) families results were bradycardia, first-degree atrioventricular block, species, such as squid, in faster changing regions of the world, we cognitive task, the ability to prioritise an ephemeral food source were selected based on sibling survival in cold challenge trials. The increased duration of atrial and ventricular depolarizations, and ca n e xa m i ne t he mec ha n i st ic l i n k s bet wee n ocea n wa r m i ng a nd over a permanent one. Cognitive performance remained stable from genetic components of cold tolerance inheritance were evaluated, lengthening of the plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action biological response in advance of wider scale impacts predicted for pre-industrial (275 µatm) to present-day pCO level s (4 0 4 µat m) but while the transcriptomic response and the microbiome composition 2 potent ia l, f rom nor mox ia to deep hy pox ia. T he present data i nd icated the future. Squid are fast growing, short-lived, voracious predators was drastically reduced under future RCP 8.5 scenarios, where a were examined using RNAseq and amplicon sequencing. Our t hat Hg e x posu res, v ia wate r or food , i nte n si fied hy pox ia-i nduced that play a large role in the structure and function of many marine few individuals were still able to learn (36%) under 750 µatm, but results showed strong maternal effect in cold tolerance inheritance. myocardial anomalies, becoming worse the cardiac dysfunction. ecosyste m s. He re, we a i m to u nde rsta nd how te mpe rat u re a ffec t s all cleaners failed to solve the task at the highest scenario. Using Transcriptome analysis revealed biological pathways which are These changes can lead to the impairment of cardiac output, physiology and behaviour and the relationship between them in a complementary pharmacological manipulation experiment, the core response to low temperatures, common to all analysed sw i m m i ng pe r for ma nce, abi l it y of fi sh spec ies to capt u re t hei r preys, sout he r n ca la ma r i. Spec i fica l ly, t he respon se to metabol ic ac t iv it y, we tested if dopaminergic stimulation (D1 receptor) could recover fish and tissues, as well as pathways which are the differential and growth and/or reproductive rates. critical thermal limits and life-history traits to current and future cleaners cognitive performance under the highest CO scenario (980 response between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive fish. Over 2 warming scenarios are examined. Changes in behaviour are also µat m). D1 ac t ivat ion reve rsed c lea ne rs pe r for ma nce a s fi sh t reated a l l, at t he ge ne e x pression level, cold-tole ra nt fi sh showed m i lde r explored, examining temperature effects on predation-prey w it h a D1 receptor agon i st u nde r h ig h CO had similar performance response to declined temperatures compared to the sensitive fish. 2 interactions, and thermal habitat preferences. Such studies will to cleaners under current levels. Our study suggests that, if the Si m i la r pat te r n obse r ved i n t he respon se of t hese fi sh m ic robiome give us a better understanding of how species respond, and the selection on cognitive sophistication is high, tolerant cleaners could composition, indicating that the microbiome is potentially shaped mechanism behind these responses to changes in the environment. be positively selected, at least as long 750 µatm is not exceeded, and by its host thermal acclimatization. that the mechanism behind their tolerance is potentially related with dopaminergic regulation. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 90 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 91

A1.21 TRANSGENERATIONAL A1.22 TRANSGENERATIONAL AND A2 DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING EVALUATIONS OF TRANSCRIPTOMIC DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECT OF WATER PROFILING AND EPIGENETIC FLOW REGIME ON ANEMONEFISH OF ADULT VERTEBRATE MODIFICATIONS IN MARINE MEDAKA (AMPHIPRION CHRYSOPTERUS) UNDER ACIDIFIED SEAWATER PHYSIOLOGICAL CAPACITIES PHYSIOLOGY: DEVELOPMENTAL WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION PROGRAMMING AND LIFETIME TZU-YEN LIU (MARINE RESEARCH STATION, INSTITUTE OF AMELIE CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY, ACADEMIA SINICA, KINGDOM), DAPHNÉ CORTESE (CRIOBE, FRENCH POLYNESIA), TAIWAN), MENG-WEI LIN (MARINE RESEARCH STATION, TOMMY NORIN (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK, FITNESS INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY, ACADEMIA DENMARK), SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED SINICA, TAIWAN), YI-LING CHOU (INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR KINGDOM), RICARDO BELDADE (CRIOBE, FRENCH POLYNESIA), AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIWAN), SUZANNE MILLS (CRIOBE, FRENCH POLYNESIA) GUAN-CHUNG WU (DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE, NATIONAL TAIWAN OCEAN UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), YUNG-CHE TSENG [email protected] (MARINE RESEARCH STATION, INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND H ig h wate r flow reg i mes a re c ha l le ng i ng for popu lat ion s t hat need to ORGANISED BY: DANE CROSSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS) ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIWAN) con sta nt ly fig ht ove r t he c u r re nt . T h i s i s espec ia l ly t r ue for te r r itor ia l AND GINA GALLI (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER) popu lat ion s t hat don’t necessa r i ly have t he possibi l it y to relocate [email protected] over calmer environment. Such environment can thus require the Seawater acidification has been recognized as an emerging adjustment of the individual physiological capacities, possibly global stressor, potentially affecting ecosystems’ biodiversity, leading to local adaptation. However, the relative importance A2.1 HEART DISEASE LINK TO FETAL A2.2 POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT concordance and functions. Several studies regarding the of parental or direct environmental influence (that can drive HYPOXIA: AN INTERGENERATIONAL OF THERMOGENESIS AND MUSCLE effects of acidification on marine organisms have been t ra n sgene rat iona l or developmenta l e ffec t s on t hese capac it ies) conducted, and transgenerational acidic acclimation is has been generally overlooked. Using orange-fin anemonefish PERSPECTIVE PHENOTYPE IN HIGHLAND DEER MICE an interesting aspect that have also done in some works. (Amphiprion chrysopterus), we split larvae from the same clutch, In this study, marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was applied on f rom pa re nt s i n habit i ng a rea s of h ig h a nd low flow reg i mes, rea red WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:00 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:30

CO2 -induced hypercapnia treatments, and three generations of them under similar aquarium flow conditions and transplanted them medaka with hypercapnia-acclimated trait were bred. RNA-Seq- in the field to both high and low flow after settlement. After 3 weeks DINO GIUSSANI (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE) GRANT B MCCLELLAND (MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), ba sed a na lysi s showed t hat t ra n sc r iptom ic profi l i ng va r iet ies cou ld of flow e x posu re, we mea su red t he physiolog ica l capac it ies of t he CAYLEIH E ROBERTSON (MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, CANADA) be apparently found among generations. Transcripts of acid-base fi sh ( g row t h , sw i m m i ng a nd metabol ic rates). W h i le t he g row t h a nd [email protected] reg u lators, a n ion e xc ha nge r 1a (A E1a), Na + /HCO - cotransporter a sw i m m i ng capac it ies of t he offspr i ng we re not d i ffe rent accord i ng [email protected] 3 The quality of the intrauterine environment interacts with our (NBCa) and Na+ /H+ - e xc ha nge r 2 ( N H E2), we re on ly sig n i fica nt ly to t he flow cond it ion e x pe r ie nced eit he r or ig i na l ly by t hei r pa re nt s genetic makeup to shape the risk of developing disease in later Dee r m ice develop t he capac it y for i ndepe nde nt t he r moreg u lat ion up-regulated in F1 strain, but recovered as the regular level in F2 ones. or d i rec t ly by t hemselves, t hei r ma x i mu m metabol ic capacit ies life. Fetal hypoxia is a common complication of pregnancy. It postnatally as regulator y systems and thermo-effector tissues Furthermore, methylation levels of AE1a promoter CpG islands were we re i n fluenced by t he flow reg i me e x pe r ienced by t hei r pa rent s. prog ra m mes ca rd iac a nd endot hel ia l dysf u nc t ion i n t he offspr i ng mature. This species has a wide geographical distribution depressed both in 5 dpf embryos and adult ovary of F1 strain. In F2 Therefore, transgenerational effects are likely to take place to confer in adult life. However, the mechanisms via which this occurs remain including altitudes of >4000m where unremitting low O and strain, the normal methylation levels of AE1a promoter CpG sites specific physiological abilities to the offspring after settlement, 2 elusive, precluding the identification of potential therapy. Using ambient temperatures are particularly challenging for small were then observed both in 5 dpf embryos and adult ovary. Based possibly helping them to cope with their challenging environment. an integrative approach in large and small animal species at the in endotherms. We have previously shown that highland deer mice on above results, we inferred that, in teleosts, the parent may pass vivo, isolated organ, cellular and molecular levels, my programmes possess superior thermogenic capacities as adults, but it is unclear t he acc l i mated messages f rom t he pr i ma r y gene rat ion w it h e ffic ient of work have raised the hypothesis that oxidative stress in the if selection has occurred to survive early development in the high i nduc t ion of epigenet ic mod i ficat ion s; t he refore, t hei r progeny ca n fetal heart and vasculature underlies the mechanism via which alpine environment. To address this question, we used deer mice be endowed with feasible acid-base regulation capacities to cope prenatal hypoxia programmes cardiovascular dysfunction in later native to low and high altitude to examine the development of with CO -induced acidified perturbations. 2 l i fe. We have show n t hat developme nta l hy pox ia i ndepe nde nt of muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT) over postnatal days P0- changes in maternal nutrition promotes fetal growth restriction P10, and of muscle in juveniles (P14-P27). We found that the onset and induces changes in the cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine of e ndot he r my occ u r red at P8 -P10 i n lowla nde rs, ~2 days ea rl ie r systems of the adult offspring, which are normally associated than in highlanders, and was associated with the maturation of BAT with disease states during ageing. Treatment with antioxidants activation in response to acute cold. Muscles remained immature of a n i ma l preg na nc ies compl icated w it h reduced ox yge n del ive r y over this period but by P14 the gastrocnemius in lowlanders had to the fetus prevents the alterations in fetal growth, and the developed oxidative fibres and the capacity for shivering. In cardiovascular, metabolic and endocrine dysfunction in the fetal contrast, highlanders showed a delay in development of this and adult offspring. Interestingly, the risk of programmed heart muscle, likely due to delayed induction of important gene regulatory disease by adverse pregnancy can be transmitted across generations pathways. However, by P27 muscles of highlanders had surpassed via the paternal line. Conversely, the mother can transmit onto lowla nde rs i n nu me r ica l den sit y of ox idat ive fibres a nd i n capi l la r y her offspring protection against future heart disease via de n sit y to re flec t popu lat ion d i ffe re nces see n i n adu lt m ice. T his mitochondrial mechanisms. We can therefore modify the risk of change in muscle phenotype coincided with the development in heart disease not only in our children but also in their children and h ig h la nde rs of supe r ior t he r mogen ic capac it y. T hese pa radox ica l their children’s children. delays i n developme nt i n h ig h la nd dee r m ice suggest a t rade off i n energy allocation to thermogenesis and postnatal growth in low

O2 at high altitude. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 92 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 93

e x pe r i me nta l model. Rece nt ly, we have e x te nded ou r e x pe r i me nta l flexibility can buffer organisms from environmental hazards. A2.3 ACOUSTIC DEVELOPMENTAL models to investigate the direct effects of climate change on A2.6 EMBRYONIC HEAT CONDITIONING E ne rg y con se r vat ion a l lows orga n i sm s to opt i m i ze t hei r ene rg y PROGRAMMING IN BIRDS: PRENATAL placental and fetal development and long-term health outcomes. (EHC) IN CHICKS INDUCES a l locat ion to fit ness component s, i.e. su r v iva l, reproduc t ion a nd O u r model s of heat e x posu re i n late gestat ion i n m ice revea l c ha nges g row t h , accord i ng to env i ron menta l va r iabi l it y. Beyond adu lt s’ ACOUSTIC EXPERIENCE AFFECTS LIFE- in placental vascular development and fetal growth. Moreover, we HYPOTHALAMIC INFLAMMATORY CROSS survival, the viability of juveniles and their ability to cope with LONG THERMOREGULATION IN THE HEAT have preliminary data modelling the effects of life-long exposure TOLERANCE VIA DIFFERENT LAYERS OF environmental fluctuations appear to be of great importance. to predicted elevations in atmospheric carbon dioxide in mice. Our EPIGENETIC REGULATION Juveniles are key components in the renewal and durability of WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:45 model shows t hat 9 0 0 ppm of ca rbon d iox ide have a st r i k i ng e ffec t populations for all animal species. In seasonal environments, on mouse adult physiology and behaviour. Furthermore, we have juveniles have to already be engaged in specific processes to prepare WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:45 MYLENE M MARIETTE (DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), preliminary data that suggests that this adverse phenotype is driven for recurrent events, such as migration or hibernation, along with by early-life exposure to elevated carbon dioxide. Ultimately, this ensuring their somatic growth and development. This can be further ANAIS PESSATO (DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), ANDREW TALI ROSENBERG (THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL), TATIANA overall body of work highlights the importance of the placenta in challenging in the case of a late start, i.e. individuals born late, in the E MCKECHNIE (UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA), KISILIOUK (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, THE dete r m i n i ng not ju st i m med iate preg na nc y outcome but long te r m reproductive season. It is then crucial to understand the phenotype KATHERINE L BUCHANAN (DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) VOLCANI CENTER, ISRAEL), NOAM MEIRI (AGRICULTURAL health and disease outcomes. fle x ibi l it y, notably t he pla st ic it y of e ne rg y sav i ng st rateg ies a nd RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, THE VOLCANI CENTER, ISRAEL) [email protected] ot he r compe n sator y respon ses, developed by juve n i les to su r v ive environmental challenges. If these adaptive responses have great In many species, ranging from crocodiles and birds to humans, [email protected] ecological relevance, they also imply some important evolutionary embryos can perceive, learn and even produce sounds. Surprisingly Early life conditioning of one modality can induce resilience a spec t s. For i n sta nce, how t he phenot y pic fle x ibi l it y set du r i ng ea rly however, the implications of such embryonic capacities for A2.5 THE EFFECTS OF FRESHWATER to another, different stressor. This phenomenon, known as life can shape plasticity of individuals at adulthood? Ultimately developmental programming had not been recognized until recently. SALT AND CO LEVELS ON THE 2 crosstolerance, is attributed to tissue specific activation of generic can the phenotype of descendants be optimized by parents to We revealed this novel function of prenatal communication by DEVELOPMENT OF ZEBRAFISH stress signaling, and considered to involve epigenetic regulation. i mprove offspr i ng pe r for ma nce i n respon se to f ut u re e nv i ron me nta l show i ng t hat zebra fi nc h pa rent s sig na l h ig h a mbient tempe rat u res Here we demonstrate the cross-tolerant effect of embryonic heat fluc t uat ion s? I n t h i s ta l k , we w i l l rev iew ev ide nces a nd k nowledge to their embryos, by emitting a peculiar vocalisation during late WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:30 conditioning (EHC) on hypothalamic inflammation later in the illustrating the importance of phenotypic flexibility of juveniles, incubation. In a large playback experiment in incubators, we c h ic k s’ l i fe. T h i s resi l ie nce towa rd s hy pot ha la m ic i n fla m mat ion and the evolutionary implications in terms of optimization of showed t hat e x posu re of embr yos to t h i s ca l l a lone adapt ively a lte rs COSIMA S PORTEUS (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, was evident in 10-day-old chicks, 6 h after LPS challenge, who individual phenotype. subsequent nestling growth in response to nest temperature, and UNITED KINGDOM), ELLA WAPLES (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, d i splayed a reduced febr i le respon se, a s wel l a s reduced e x pression influences individuals´ thermal preferences as adults. Here, we UNITED KINGDOM), GREGORY PAULL (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6, along with investigate the possible physiological mechanisms underlying UNITED KINGDOM), ROD W WILSON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, reduced expression, nuclear translocation and activation of such developmental programming by prenatal acoustic signals. UNITED KINGDOM) the inflammatory transcription factor NFkB. In addition, anti- Spec i fica l ly, we show t hat zebra fi nc hes i n t he w i ld a l so produce A2.8 ARE PHENOTYPIC MODIFICATIONS inflammatory IL10 and MRC1 transcription was increased. To this characteristic vocalisation, only at high temperatures. In RESULTING FROM PLASTICITY DURING [email protected] regulate long-term cross-tolerance, we assumed an epigenetic add it ion , i n t he lab, we de mon st rate e x pe r i me nta l ly t hat ca l l i ng i s mechanism. Indeed, the heat-conditioned group presented with DEVELOPMENTAL CRITICAL WINDOWS specifically triggered by high air temperatures, and importantly, Wate r c he m i st r y va r ies g reat ly ac ross zebra fi sh resea rc h fac i l it ies increased TET expression along with accumulation of its co- FIXED OR REVERSABLE? is predicted by individuals’ body mass. Furthermore, we show that (sodium and chloride alone can vary by >10,000-fold), with no factor α-keto-glutarate, which was reversed by the glutaminase prenata l e x posu re to t h i s voca l i sat ion spec i fica l ly a ffec t s i nd iv idua l guidelines available on many parameters important for healthy i n h ibitor BP T ES, bloc k i ng bot h I n fla m mat ion a nd heat resi l ie nc ies. thermoregulation at adulthood. In particular, we find both prenatal populations. Moreover, CO levels are not usually measured WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 14:30 2 In addition, glutaminase inhibition during the embryonic period acou st ic e x pe r ie nce a nd post-nata l nest te mpe rat u re i n flue nce t he in aquarium facilities, yet CO is known to affect the acid-base 2 reduced T E T ac t iv it y, ma n i fested by reduced hyd rox y-met hylat ion body temperature, evaporative water loss, and resting metabolic physiology and behaviour of many fish species, including adult WARREN BURGGREN (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, ex h ibited 10 days post hatch, d isplay i ng a long-ter m epigenet ic rate of adults (n=44) measured in an open flow-through respirometry zebrafish. Our recent survey of recirculating zebrafish aquatic UNITED STATES) effect. A potential target of the epigenetically induced cross- system. These effects specifically occurred at the highest air systems revealed CO level s up to 2 , 826 µat m , seve n t i mes h ig he r 2 tolerance proved to be the hypo-hydroxy-methylated IL6 intron-1, te mpe rat u re bi rd s we re e x posed to (4 2- 4 4°C). Toget he r, ou r resu lt s than current atmospheric equilibrium, and three times higher than [email protected] which was a positive regulator of IL6 expression in the presence of demon st rate t hat t he e ffec t of t he prenata l acou st ic e nv i ron ment on climate change predictions for natural environments by 2100. The NFkB. This DNA segment, in the EHC group, is also translationally Dogma holds that phenotype modifications occurring during development is considerably greater than currently acknowledged, a i m of t he c u r rent st udy i s to dete r m i ne what e ffec t va r iou s sa lt a nd repressed by EZH2 methylation on H3K27, which occurs during the critical developmental windows are “irreversible” – that is, once and shed light on a novel mechanism for thermal adaptation in birds. CO levels have on zebra fi sh development. Zebra fi sh embr yos we re 2 embryonic period, but persists later in life. To conclude, this work produced by environmental perturbation, the consequent juvenile exposed to ten different salt concentrations combined with four demonstrates an animal model of embryonic, thermal driven, cross- and/or adult phenotypes are indelibly modified. Certainly, many different CO levels from fertilization until 4 days post fertilization. 2 tolerant, reduction of hypothalamic inflammation via different suc h c ha nges appea r not to be cor rec ted late r i n l i fe. Yet, whet he r None of the treatments had any effect on the major developmental layers of epigenetic regulation. animals with phenotypes modified during early development milestones of zebrafish (tail detachment, somite formation, A2.4 PLACENTAL ORIGINS OF ADULT cannot return to normal adult phenotypes, or whether they lack hatching, presence of a heart beat and response to touch). However, DISEASE the specific environmental conditions necessar y for them to do zebrafish length was smaller in fish exposed to either high or low salt so, remains an open question. Moreover, developmental critical levels. Interestingly, zebrafish exposed to 2000 µatm CO were longer 2 windows are typically quite brief, early periods during a much WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:00 t ha n t hose e x posed to eit he r low (4 0 0 µat m) or h ig he r (4 0 0 0 a nd 8 0 0 0 A2.7 PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY longer period of overall development. This leaves open additional µat m) CO levels. Current studies are focusing on how these water OF JUVENILES IN SEASONAL 2 developmental time for reversal (correction) of a switched phenotype CAITLIN WYRWOLL (THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, chemistry variables affect later developmental stages through to ENVIRONMENTS: ECOLOGICAL AND resulting from an adverse environment early in development. Such AUSTRALIA) adulthood, focusing on growth, behaviour, reproduction/fecundity EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS reve rsa l cou ld occ u r f rom r ig ht a f te r t he c r it ica l w i ndow “c loses” and physiology (immune function, response to stress), and how they a l l t he way i nto adu lt hood . I n fac t, e xa mples i n ve r tebrates abou nd [email protected] may i n flue nce reproduc ibi l it y of resea rc h st ud ies, g ive n t he k now n of the capacity to return to normal adult phenotype following la rge va r iabi l it y bot h bet wee n a nd w it h i n zebra fi sh fac i l it ies. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 12:00 In eutherians, environmental challenges in utero perturb fetal phenotypic changes enabled by earlier developmental plasticity. growth and alter health outcomes, including cardiometabolic SYLVAIN GIROUD (RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WILDLIFE ECOLOGY, T hese i nc lude orga n i zat ion of t he spi na l cord of la r va l zebra fi sh ; and neuropsychiatric outcomes. The placenta has a crucial role AUSTRIA), STÉPHANE BLANC (CNRS STRASBOURG, FRANCE), ca mou flage pig me ntat ion for mat ion i n la r va l new t s; respi rator y in modulating these processes. In particular, placental vascular CAROLINE GILBERT (CNRS BRUNOY, FRANCE) chemosensitivity in frogs; temperature-metabolism relations in complexity is a crucial determinant of fetal grow th and cardiac turtles; development of vascular smooth muscle and kidney tissue development. Utilising models of glucocorticoid (‘stress’ hormone) [email protected] i n ma m ma l s; a nd hatc h i ng / bi r t h weig ht i n nu me rou s ve r tebrates. e xcess i n rodent preg na nc y, we have demon st rated t hat dec rea sed More e x t reme ca ses of reve rsibi l it y i n i nve r tebrates (e.g. hyd rozoa n s, placental vascularity restricts fetal growth and heart development. Global changes and increasing frequency of unpredictable events barnacles) actually involve ‘backtracking’ along normal However, restoration of feto-placental vascularity reverses the appea r a s major t h reat s for t he va st major it y of a n i ma l k i ngdom . developmenta l t rajec tor ies f rom adu lt s bac k to ea rl ie r developmenta l restricted fetal growth and cardiovascular development of our There is growing interest in how well behavioral and physiological stages. While developmental phenotypic plasticity is often viewed ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 94 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 95

as resulting in deviation from the normal developmental plan, it is periods lasting several months. While this exceptional anoxia- i nvest igat i ng t he e ffec t s of developmenta l ox ygen on ca rd iova sc u la r suggested t hat t h i s concept be e x pa nded to i nc lude pla st ic it y t hat tolerance is largely explained by genetic adaptation, recent A2.12 DIETARY CRUDE OIL EXPOSURE phenotypes in crocodilians and turtles. These vertebrates also allows return to normal phenotypes. ev ide nce suggest s t he a mou nt of ox yge n t hat e mbr yon ic ec tot he r m s DURING SEXUAL DETERMINATION e x pe r ience low ox ygen du r i ng ontogeny, howeve r, t he i mpac t on experience during development might alter their hypoxia-tolerance juvenile phenotypes is poorly understood. Our findings indicate later in life. Because turtle nests can become severely hypoxic in MODIFIES SEX-RATIO IN ZEBRAFISH that the developing cardiovascular system of American alligators the wild, we exploited this natural phenomenon to investigate (DANIO RERIO) and common snapping turtles exhibits phenotypic plasticity. This A2.9 DEVELOPMENTAL HYPOXIA whether embryonic hypoxia produces anoxia-tolerant cardiac plasticity preconditions the heart at multiple levels of biological REPROGRAMS THE CARDIAC PROTEOME phenotypes. We used embryonic juvenile common snapping WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:55 orga n i zat ion , i nc rea si ng f u nc t ion . O ve ra l l ou r fi nd i ngs suggest OF AMERICAN ALLIGATORS turtles (Chelydra serpentina) as our study models and subjected t hat sy ne rg i st ic e ffec t s bet ween low ox ygen a nd developmenta l t hem to eit her nor mox ia (21% O 2 ; N21) or hy pox ia (10 % O 2 ; H10) NAIM BAUTISTA (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED phenotypic plasticity may convey a physiological advantage for du r i ng development . We show t hat developmenta l hy pox ia a lte rs STATES), AMELIE CRESPEL (GLASGOW UNIVERSITY, ve r tebrates t hat rout i nely e x pe r ie nce low ox yge n du r i ng ontoge ny. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:00 the intrinsic properties of the turtle heart, at multiple levels of UNITED KINGDOM) organization. In-situ preparations showed that H10 turtle hearts SARAH L ALDERMAN (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), DANE A pe r for m bet te r t ha n N21 hea r t s du r i ng a nox ia. T he d i ffe rences i n [email protected] CROSSLEY II (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES), cardiac anoxia-tolerance were underpinned by distinct cellular Sexual determination in teleost fish may happen by genetic A2.14 DO DNA AND HISTONE RUTH M ELSEY (LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND a nd metabol ic phe not y pes. W h i le a nox ia reduced ca rd iomyoc y te mechanisms, but may also depend upon environmental factors. MODIFICATIONS PLAY A ROLE IN FISHERIES, UNITED STATES), TODD E GILLIS (UNIVERSITY contractility in both cohorts, H10 contractility recovers during Temperature, pH and social conditions have shown to affect OF GUELPH, CANADA) a nox ia; t h i s phenomenon appea rs to be suppor ted by more e ffic ie nt MEDIATING TEMPERATURE EFFECTS the proportion of the sexes in a population. Additionally, some Ca2+ c yc l i ng a nd myofi la me nt Ca 2+ -sensitivity. Notably, both the ON SEXUAL PHENOTYPE IN SNAPPING anthropogenic toxicants can act as endocrine disruptors affecting [email protected] hearts and cardiomyocytes of H10 turtles did not show anoxia- morphology and functionality of gonadal tissue. Although it is well TURTLES? related i nju r y a f te r reox yge nat ion . T h i s i s l i kely due to t hei r supe r ior Hypoxic exposure during development can have a profound established that exposure to crude oil has detrimental morpho- abi l it y to suppress reac t ive ox ygen spec ies produc t ion du r i ng a nox ia i n flue nce on offspr i ng physiolog y, i nc lud i ng ca rd iac dysf u nc t ion , physiological effects on fish, little is known about its effects WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:00 and recovery. These modifications might be advantageous for yet many reptile embryos naturally experience periods of hypoxia on population sex-ratio. To address this question, we exposed turtles, and possibly other ectotherms, when exploiting hypoxic in buried nests. American alligators experimentally exposed to zebrafish (Danio rerio) to t h ree d i ffe re nt conce nt rat ion s of c r ude TURK RHEN (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA, UNITED STATES) environments in the wild. developmental hypoxia demonstrate morphological and functional oil (10%HEWAF, 50%HEWAF or 100%HEWAF) via their diet c ha nges to t he hea r t t hat pe rsi st i nto late r l i fe stages; howeve r, t he du r i ng t he pe r iod of se x ua l dete r m i nat ion i n t h i s spec ies. We t he n [email protected] molecular bases of these changes remain unknown. We tested if assessed morphological and physiological variables as indicators of Reptiles are influenced by environmental conditions throughout ta rgeted a nd pe rsi ste nt c ha nges i n steady-state protei n e x pression fi sh hea lt h , a nd we ra i sed t he fi sh up to adu lt hood to dete r m i ne t he their lifespan, but are particularly sensitive during embryogenesis underlie this hypoxic heart phenotype, using isobaric tags for A2.11 GRB10: A LINK BETWEEN propor t ion of se xes i n t he d i ffe rent t reat ment s. P rel i m i na r y resu lt s when they cannot move to more benign microenvironments. relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Alligator EMBRYONIC GROWTH DISRUPTION AND i nd icate t hat c r ude oi l- e x posed g roups e x h ibited a n i nc rea se i n t he Temperature, for instance, directly alters the metabolic and were reared under normoxia or 10% hypoxia, then either proportion of males (15%, 30%, and 50% more than in the control ADULT RISK OF CARDIOMETABOLIC developmental rate of embryos (i.e., a simple Q10 effect) and can sa mpled (e mbr yo) or ret u r ned to nor mox ia for 2 yea rs (juve n i le). group, respectively to dietary treatment). Although growth rate DISORDERS have pe r ma ne nt phe not y pic e ffec t s t hat la st i nto adu lt hood . We T h ree sa l ient fi nd i ngs eme rge f rom t he i nteg rated a na lysi s of t he did not differ among groups (0.7 mg/day, p>0.05), gonadal tissue have established the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, 14 5 d i ffe rent ia l ly e x pressed protei n s i n hy pox ia-rea red a n i ma ls: e x h ibited sig ns of at rophy i n bot h se xes i n t he med iu m a nd h igh as a model for studying mechanisms that underlie temperature- (1) sig n i fica nt protei n-protei n i nte rac t ion net work s we re ident i fied WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:45 oil exposed groups. Exposure to crude oil via diet during sexual dependent sex determination, a classic example of phenotypic on ly i n up -reg u lated , i nd icat i ng t hat t he e ffec t s of developme nta l dete r m i nat ion may i mpac t se x-rat io a nd potent ia l ly comprom i ses plasticity. We are using a systems biology approach that combines hypoxia are stimulatory and directed; (2) the up-regulated proteins BRIDGET L EVANS (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, population maintenance when persistent environmental stressors classical genetics, genome-wide association studies, population substantially enriched processes related to protein turnover, cellular UNITED KINGDOM) are present. genomics, ChIP-Seq, whole-genome bisulfite-Seq, RNA-Seq, and organization, and metabolic pathways, supporting increased ma n ipu lat ion of ge ne e x pression to ide nt i f y t he ge nes t hat se n se resource allocation towards building and maintaining a higher [email protected] and transduce temperature into a biological signal that determines f u nc t ion i ng hea r t; a nd (3) t he juve n i le ca rd iac proteome reta i ned Large cohort studies in human populations have revealed a strong gonadal sex. We hypothesize that similar molecular mechanisms many of the signature changes observed in embryonic hearts, association between intra-uterine growth disorders and elevated A2.13 DEVELOPMENTAL PHENOTYPIC may be responsible for temperature-dependent programming of supporting long-term reprogramming of cardiac myocytes induced risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in later life. Despite PLASTICITY AND JUVENILE other phenotypic traits like growth physiology and behavior in the by hy pox ia du r i ng c r it ica l pe r iod s of developme nt . replication of these findings in diverse populations, longitudinal CARDIOVASCULAR PHENOTYPE snapping turtle. in vivo investigations into the coordination of these distinct OF REPTILES pathways are lack ing. Grb10, identified by GWA S as associated with DEVELOPMENTAL HYPOXIA relative risk of type II diabetes, is a negative regulator of the insulin A2.10 signalling pathway, the main coordinator of embryonic growth WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:30 A2.15 EFFECTS OF DEEPWATER PROGRAMS STRESS-TOLERANCE IN and development. While Grb10 disruption in mammalian studies DANE ALAN CROSSLEY II (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, HORIZON CRUDE OIL EXPOSURE ON JUVENILE SNAPPING TURTLES: WHOLE- has been show n to alter insulin sensitiv ity and grow th trajector y, THE DEVELOPING TELEOST KIDNEY HEART, CELLULAR, AND METABOLIC the long-term impact on adult health has not been investigated. To UNITED STATES) address this issue, this study has validated the transient disruption RESPONSES IN ANOXIA of grb10a expression in zebrafish by antisense-mediated k nockdow n [email protected] WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:15 and has successfully recapitulated the mammalian phenotype. The developmental environment is widely recognized for the WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:15 Phenoty pic rescue and reversal were possible through injection of FABRIZIO BONATESTA (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED impact it can have on organismal phenotype. Mammals have grb10a RNA and displayed a dose-dependent effect. Knockdown STATES), EDWIN PRICE (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, been extensively studied to understand the consequences of ILAN M RUHR (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), was sufficient to induce alteration in embr yonic grow th trajector y, UNITED STATES), JUSTIN GREER (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA developmental challenges due to the clinical implications and DANE A CROSSLEY II (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, respiratory rate, and cardiac function. The potential of this system for RIVERSIDE, UNITED STATES), ELVIS XU (UNIVERSITY OF correlations with adult disease. The cardiovascular effects of UNITED STATES), JANNA CROSSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH use in longitudinal investigation was also evaluated. Transcriptomic CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, UNITED STATES), DAN SCHLENK development st ressors, suc h as low ox ygen , have been e x plored TEXAS, UNITED STATES), HOLLY A SHIELS (UNIVERSITY OF data revealed transient modulation of grb10a expression resulted in (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, UNITED STATES), in mammals and primarily result in negative adult phenotypes. MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), GINA LJ GALLI permanent remodelling of the transcriptional landscape, with effects EDWARD MAGER (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES) This phenotypic plasticity is the basis for the “fetal origins of adult (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED STATES) persisting into adulthood. Highly impacted systems included multiple disease” hypothesis, which is a response to conditions outside growth factor mediated pathways, and the permanent nature of these [email protected] the norm for developing mammals. However, for organisms that [email protected] changes prov ided significant ev idence to suggest the zebrafish is a normally experience fluctuating developmental conditions, Much has been learned with respect to the developmental toxicity of suitable model to further investigate the link between developmental In a remarkable feat of physiology, North American freshwater phenotypic plasticity may convey a physiological advantage to crude oil exposure to teleost fish in the years following the Deepwater growth disorders and elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease. turtles can survive in the complete absence of oxygen (anoxia) for juveniles under some conditions. My research group has been Hor i zon oi l spi l l. A mong t he key fi nd i ngs a re seve ra l l i nes of ev idence ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 96 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 97

that specific crude oil constituents, namely polycyclic aromatic The left atrial pH of the normoxic animals was significantly higher at hydrocarbons (PAHs), impair the function and proper development 2 4 h a nd 36h whe n compa red to hy pox ic a n i ma l s at 2 4 h a nd 36h . O u r A3 FISH CHRONOBIOLOGY: of the teleost heart. The resulting reduction in cardiac output findings suggest that developmental hypoxia affects not only blood is believed to elicit a characteristic suite of downstream effects oxygen transport but also acid-base regulation of juvenile alligators. RHYTHMS OF LIFE (e.g., pericardial and yolk sac edema) and likely impairs the proper development of other organs, such as the kidney. While there is some ev ide nce t hat e x posu re to i nd iv idua l PA H s i mpa i rs developme nt of the early stage kidney (i.e., pronephros), little is known regarding the A2.17 DEVELOPMENTAL PHENOTYPIC effects on the pronephros following exposure to complex crude oil PLASTICITY ON CONTRACTILE FORCE m i x t u res at e nv i ron me nta l ly releva nt conce nt rat ion s. To add ress AND CALCIUM CYCLING IN HYPOXIC t h i s k nowledge gap, t i me - cou rse a nd dose -respon se e x posu res to ORGANISED BY: F JAVIER SÁNCHEZ-VÁZQUEZ (UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA), ea rly l i fe stages ( E L S) zebra fi sh we re pe r for med u si ng h ig h ene rg y INCUBATED COMMON SNAPPING TURTLES JOSÉ MUÑOZ-CUETO (UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ), ESTHER ISORNA-ALONSO (UNIVERSIDAD water-accommodated fractions (HEWAFs) of DHW slick oil. (CHELYDRA SERPENTINA) Transcriptional changes in genes with various structural, functional COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID) AND CATARINA OLIVEIRA (UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE) a nd sig na l i ng roles spec i fic to d i ffe re nt reg ion s of t he developi ng WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:45 pronephros (e.g., glomerulus, pronephric tubule and pronephric duct) were assessed by QPCR and whole mount in situ hybridizations. BRANDT R SMITH (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED Additionally, morphological changes in the pronephros were A3.1 WHEN FEEDING RESETS LIVER A3.2 OLD AND NEW ROLES FOR THE STATES), GINA L. J. GALLI (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, assessed by immunohistochemistry using an antibody against OSCILLATORS IN FISH TELEOST PINEAL GLAND: A STUDY UNITED KINGDOM), DANE A. CROSSLEY II (UNIVERSITY OF Na / K AT Pa se ( N K A). Resu lt s de mon st rate t ra n sc r ipt iona l c ha nges NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES) IN ZEBRAFISH in key genes involved in early kidney development and function, as TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:00 well as changes in pronephros morphology. This research was made [email protected] possible by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:30 MARÍA J DELGADO (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND Chronic hypoxic exposure during embryonic development has MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, phe not y pic e ffec t s on t he ca rd iova sc u la r syste m of rept i les. Juve n i le YOAV GOTHILF (TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL) SPAIN), ANA I VALENCIANO (DEPT OF GENETICS PHYSIOLOGY snapping turtles incubated in chronic hypoxia (10% O ) exhibit 2 AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE differences in heart to body mass ratio, and lower baseline heart [email protected] A2.16 THE EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENTAL UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), ÁNGEL L ALONSO-GÓMEZ (DEPT OF rates. Given that cardiac contraction relies heavily on extracellular The pineal gland has been considered the master circadian HYPOXIA ON ATRIAL BLOOD-GASES IN GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, calcium, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in ectotherms has a high clock organ in fish. However, this dogma has been challenged COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), ESTHER ISORNA (DEPT OF AMERICAN ALLIGATORS (ALLIGATOR storage capacity for calcium and could be used for the reuptake after by the finding that most zebrafish tissues contain molecular GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, contraction. Recently, in preliminary studies we found a pronounced clocks that are directly reset by light, pointing to a de- MISSISSIPPIENSIS) COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), NURIA DE PEDRO (DEPT effect of SR inhibition in normoxic (21% O ) incubated turtle centralized circadian system in this species, thereby 2 OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF ca rd iomyoc y tes. To u nde rsta nd t he e ffec t s of hy pox ic development questioning the role of the pineal gland as a master clock organ. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:30 BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN) on contractility and calcium origins in the contractile cycle we C ha rac te r i zat ion of a zebra fi sh t ra n sgen ic l i ne i n wh ic h t he c i rcad ia n JUSTIN L CONNER (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED investigated contractility of isolated cardiac muscle strips. We [email protected] molecular oscillator in the melatonin-producing cells of the pineal STATES), JANNA CROSSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, recorded contractile force, rate of contraction, rate of relaxation and gland is selectively blocked, indicates that this specific oscillator is UNITED STATES), RUTH ELSEY (ROCKEFELLER WILDLIFE the effects of yyanodine, (Ry receptor antagonist) and thapsigargin Having an accurate internal chart of time is an essential feature for important for the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and place REFUGE, UNITED STATES), DEREK NELSON (UNIVERSITY (calcium ATPase antagonist) of isolated ventricular muscle strips organisms that confers the advantage to anticipate seasonal and prefe re nce. O t he r g roups have c ha rac te r i zed melaton i n- de fic ie nt OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES), TOBIAS WANG (AARHUS f rom juve n i le snappi ng t u r t les i nc ubated i n nor mox ic a nd hy pox ic daily environmental periodical changes. To this end, the biological mutant zebrafish lines, showing that the melatonin rhythm is UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), DANE CROSSLEY (UNIVERSITY OF conditions. Our data indicate contractile force is 2 fold greater in clocks entrained by environmental rhythmic cues are essential important for circadian rhythms of sleep in this species. Spatio- ^-2 NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES) hy pox ic a n i ma l s (12 .79 m N m m ) compa red to nor mox ic a n i ma l s to timekeeping physiological functions to maintain the temporal tempora l e x pression a na lysi s of seve ra l c loc k genes i n zebra fi sh (5.55mN mm^-2 ). Cont rac t ion a nd rela xat ion rates we re a lso t w ice homeostasis in the organism. In fish, a widespread distribution revea led e n ha nced e x pression i n t he pi nea l g la nd , more t ha n a ny -2 -1 -2 -1 [email protected] a s fa st w it h t he hy pox ic a n i ma l s (49 m N m m s and 35mN mm s , of oscillators is suggested in numerous organs, with an assumed other brain region. All these results suggest that the pineal gland respec t ively) i n compa r i son to nor mox ic a n i ma l s (23m N m m -2 s-1 and lac k of f u nc t iona l h ie ra rc hy a nd e nt ra i ned by d i ffe re nt e x te r na l is an important element in the circadian clock system in teleost. Organismal phenotypic plasticity is based on the capacity of a single 17mN mm-2 s-1 , respec t ively), suggest i ng a d i ffe rence i n t he hy pox ic’s (light/dark cycle, feeding time, temperature cycles, physical Moreover, recent evidence suggests that in addition to the secretion genotype to produce multiple phenotypes based environmental ability to cycle calcium. These results are consistent with previous activity) and internal (hormones, neurotransmitters, transcription of melatonin, the zebrafish pineal gland secrets a peptide possibly input. If encountered during the developmental period these findings that suggest lasting phenotypic effects from hypoxic factors). Recent in vitro and in vivo chronobiological approaches in i nto t he ce rebrospi na l flu id . T h i s pept ide i s produced i n spec ia l i zed environmental variables can result in phenotypic alterations that incubation into juvenile life. gold fi sh de mon st rate t hat t he l ive r conta i n s a n osc i l lator ma i n ly types of cells in the gland. Lose of this peptide, by gene knockout, pe rsi st late r i n l i fe. T he i mpor ta nce of developmenta l hy pox ia i n synchronized by feeding time that resets daily rhythms of clock does not a ffec t c i rcad ia n f u nc t ion . T he t i m i ng of sec ret ion a nd t he establishing organismal phenotype is widely recognized however genes expression regardless of light/dark cycle. Moreover, as a role of this peptide remain to be determined. These studies suggest the consequences of this relevant developmental condition are metabolic organ, the liver can use a plethora of metabolic signals that in addition to it classical roles in biological timing, the teleost poorly understood in most reptiles. A recent study in juvenile resulting from feeding for their entrainment. In this scenario of pineal gland may have functions that are yet to be discovered. American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) demonstrated internal zeitgebers l ive r a l so receives rhy t h m ic i nput s f rom d i ffe re nt that animals incubated in hypoxia (10% O2 ) have decreased origins. Hormones, as leptin, ghrelin, cortisol, orexin, insulin, pulmonary blood flow when compared to animals incubated in among other candidates, are recently suggested to be part of the nor mox ia (21% O 2 ). Without compensatory changes, this decrease endocrine/paracrine environment setting directly or indirectly could have consequences on the oxygen transport system, which t he l ive r osc i l lator i n fi sh . I n t he end , a quest ion of ut most i nte rest may be prevalent during periods of elevated metabolic demand. To is to investigate the network circuits of transcription-translation u nde rsta nd how developme nta l hy pox ia a ffec t s ox yge n t ra n spor t feedback loops underlying the molecular basis of oscillators. The of juvenile alligators we investigated atrial blood gases during entrainment by feeding of this molecular core can drive rhythmic digestion (high metabolic demand). Blood from both atria was transcription of clock-controlled genes, which would alter cellular sampled to determine p CO2 , pO2 , pH, blood glucose and total blood properties in a daytime-dependent manner, and currently lac tate before feed i ng. A n i ma l s we re t he n gavage fed ~5% of t hei r incompletely understood. body mass and blood sampled at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 h post-feeding.

Resting left atrial pO2 of nor mox ic i nd iv idua ls (8 4. 56 m m Hg ) wa s sig n i fica nt ly h ig he r t ha n hy pox ic i nc ubated a n i ma l s (57. 56 m m Hg ) a nd t hese d i ffe rences we re ma i nta i ned t h roug h 4 8h post-feed i ng. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 98 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 99

glucocorticoid response elements. The implications of these present study, conducted in salmonids, we discuss the possibility A3.3 EVOLUTION WITHOUT THE SUN: fi nd i ngs for t he evolut ion of ve r tebrate c i rcad ia n orga n i sat ion that Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) from the vanilloid A3.8 ENDOGENOUS TIMEKEEPING CIRCADIAN CLOCKS AND DNA REPAIR and the control of cellular metabolism are discussed. subfamily V1 and V4, in photoreceptors cell membrane, integrate IN THE ARCTIC CHARR (SALVELINUS temperature variations through modulation of Ca2+ fluxes. We IN BLIND CAVEFISH c ha rac te r i zed (i) T R PV1 a nd T R PV4 t i ssue d i st r ibut ion a nd spec i fic ALPINUS L.): LINKING PHOTOPERIOD cel lu la r loca l i zat ion , (i i) M E L i n v it ro respon ses to T R PV agon i st s AND LIFE HISTORY EVENTS TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:45 A3.5 ROBOTIC CABLED OBSERVATORY a nd te mpe rat u re c ha l le nges, a nd (i i i) sea sona l va r iat ion s of M E L NETWORKS FOR THE STUDY OF ACTIVITY and of TRPV1 and TRPV4 mRNA. Our results shed light on the way THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION NICHOLAS S FOULKES (ITG KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF RHYTHMS FROM COASTAL AREAS TO THE teleost pineal photoreceptors integrate temperature and photoperiod TECHNOLOGY AND COS UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) information, through modulating a single intracellular messenger GABRIELLE GRENIER (THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, 2+ DEEP-SEA (Ca ); they will help understanding how teleost transduce NORWAY), ALEXANDER C WEST (THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF [email protected] temperature information, and predicting how the time-keeping NORWAY, NORWAY), ANJA STRIBERNY (THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY system will respond to the ongoing temperature rise, which started It is of course well accepted that the environment has a TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:30 OF NORWAY, NORWAY), HELGE K JOHNSEN (THE ARCTIC to a ffec t i mpor ta nt sea sona l eve nt s i nc lud i ng reproduc t ion , g row t h fundamental impact upon the evolution of organisms. At the UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, NORWAY), DAVID HAZLERIGG (THE and migration. molecular genetic level, the contribution of individual gene JACOPO AGUZZI (INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS DEL MAR ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, NORWAY), EVEN H JØRGENSEN f u nc t ion to evolut iona r y c ha nge ha s bee n e x te n sively st ud ied . (ICM-CSIC), SPAIN) (THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, NORWAY), SHONA WOOD However, precisely how much more complex regulatory gene (THE ARCTIC UNIVERSITY OF NORWAY, NORWAY) networks are shaped by evolution in response to different [email protected] environmental conditions remains poorly understood. We have A3.7 DAILY RHYTHMS OF [email protected] Robotic networks of permanent cabled video observatories and addressed this issue by studying a species that has evolved for DOPAMINERGIC ACTIVITY IN BRAIN Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) inhabit one of the most seasonally their docked platforms (crawlers and AUVs) are allowing the millions of years in an extreme, constantly dark subterranean variable, therefore, challenging environments. Arctic charr show extensive monitoring of marine ecosystems at spatiotemporal OF RAINBOW TROUT. INFLUENCE OF aquatic environment, namely the Somalian blind cavefish adaptation to the Arctic environment with impressive seasonal scales never attained before. High-frequency (minutes), long-lasting LIGHT AND FOOD Phreatichthys andruzzii. By comparison with a normal, surface variation in their physiology and behaviour. Of particular interest (multiannual) time series in visual counts for species detectable with dwelling fish species, the zebrafishDanio rerio, we have e x plored are the anadromous individuals that take advantage of summer time-lapse optoacoustic-imaging equipment can be associated with two biological systems that are based on complex interacting WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION feeding opportunities in the sea. Generally, life history events in biogeochemical and oceanographic datasets from other installed ge ne reg u lator y net work s: t he Ci rcad ia n C loc k a nd DNA repa i r anadromous Arctic charr, including migration, feeding, growth, sensors. This multiparametric data acquisition is highlighting the mechanisms. Our findings have revealed that evolution acts at FATEMEH NADERI (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), and maturation take place over the summer, whilst the fish occurrence of massive populational displacements at concomitant multiple levels in both regulatory networks, resulting in a very MAURO CHIVITE (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), ROSA re ma i n i nac t ive a nd a nore x ic wh i le ove r w i nte r i ng i n f resh wate r. ambient light intensity (including bioluminescence), internal tides specific loss of function of genes encoding light responsive M CEINOS (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), MARCOS A Photoperiod is the major cue driving the physiological changes or i ner t ia l cu r rents cycles, a ll d i fferent ly a ffect i ng i nd iv idua ls’ regulatory elements. By this comparative study, we have also LÓPEZ PATIÑO (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), CRISTINA related to these life history events, but the Arctic has extended rate of activity. Results can be related to indexable life traits (e.g. gained considerable new insight into the mechanisms whereby OTERO (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), JESÚS M MIGUEZ periods of the year, around the solstices, with no daily change in feeding guild, as well as crawling, walking or swimming modes light is normally perceived by these two key physiological systems. (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN) photoperiod. Therefore, endogenous circannual clocks have evolved of displacement), providing valuable ecological knowledge on the to time life history events. The aim of this study is to investigate adaptive value of rhythms. Here, I will present how such a scenario of [email protected] the endogenous clock in Arctic charr and disentangle purely technological development can be of value for marine chronobiology photoperiodic from endogenous clock driven events. We used four and which drawbacks are currently limiting its use. The mammalian circadian system receives inputs via central d i ffe re nt photope r iod ic t reat me nt s: 2 4 h l ig ht, 12:12 l ig ht- da rk , 6:18 A3.4 LIGHT AND SALT REGULATION OF monoaminergic neurons and these probably generate outputs light-dark, and simulated natural photoperiod (69°N). Monthly THE CIRCADIAN CLOCKWORK IN THE that contribute to adjust behaviour and physiology. An altered sampling was performed to collect data on weight, length, gross dopaminergic neurotransmission can jeopardize circadian ATLANTIC SALMON feeding rate, sex, and reproductive status. Feeding and growth respon ses to e x te r na l c ha nges a nd dopa m i ne rg ic neu ron s d i splay A3.6 TEMPERATURE SENSING AND are not linked to photoperiod and proceed according to a robust daily fluctuations that could be driven by circadian oscillators. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:15 TIME-KEEPING IN SALMONIDS endogenous clock. Conversly, reproduction seems to require a I n fi sh , t he re i s not yet i n for mat ion about c i rcad ia n i n flue nce on declining photoperiod to synchronise spawning. We believe that bra i n dopa m i ne rg ic ac t iv it y. I n t h i s st udy, t he e x i stence of da i ly ALEXANDER C WEST (UNIVERSITETET I TROMSØ, NORWAY), Arctic charr is an excellent model to research the decentralized TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:45 variations in the brain content of dopamine, its main metabolite, MARIANNE IVERSEN (UNIVERSITETET I TROMSØ, NORWAY), photoneuroendocrine regulation observed in fish compared to and the mRNA abundance of enzymes involved in dopamine EVEN JØRGENSEN (UNIVERSITETET I TROMSØ, NORWAY), mammals and birds, potentially sheding light on the evolution of LAURA G NISEMBAUM (OBSERVATOIRE OCÉANOLOGIQUE DE syntesis were investigated in rainbow trout kept under normal DAVID HAZLERIGG (UNIVERSITETET I TROMSØ, NORWAY), the photoneuroendocrine system and the basis of endogenous clocks BANYULS SUR MER, UMR 7232, SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉS, UPMC, e nv i ron me nt, a nd a l so i n fi sh subjec ted to 4 8 -h con sta nt da rk ness SHONA WOOD (UNIVERSITETET I TROMSØ, NORWAY) in extreme environments. CNRS, FRANCE), PATRICK MARTIN (CONSERVATOIRE NATIONAL and 48-h constant darkness and food deprivation. The results showed DU SAUMON SAUVAGE, FRANCE), JACK FALCÓN (MUSÉUM t he e x i ste nce of sig n i fica nt da i ly fluc t uat ion s i n most of a ssessed [email protected] NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE, CNRS 7208, UPMC IRD 207 parameters related to dopaminergic activity. We also evidenced clear I n ma m ma ls, rhy t h m ica l c i rcad ia n c loc k gene e x pression cont rols UCN UA, FRANCE) e ndoge nou s rhy t h m s of t y rosi ne hydox yla se m R NA abu nda nce i n cellular metabolic pathways maintaining efficient energy hypothalamus and telencephalon, which persisted in absence of homeostasis. In other vertebrate groups, increased genomic [email protected] light and/or food as environmental cues. These data support that the complexity has generated many clock gene paralogues, whose ac t iv it y of dopa m i ne rg ic neu ron s a re da i ly i n fluenced by c i rcad ia n C yc l ic va r iat ion s of e nv i ron me nta l fac tors i n flue nce t he physiolog y, relative contributions to circadian organisation have received osc i l lators i n ra i nbow t rout . I n add it ion t he resu lt s a re put i n conte x t metabolism and behavior of most organisms. Photoperiod is little attention. Here, we have profiled the expression of 54 core with the role that this neurotransmitter plays in the adjustment of considered the most potent of these factors. Another oscillating circadian clock genes in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), across rhy t h m ic processes i n fi sh . factor that deserves special attention is temperature, particularly three tissues relevant for light adapted responses and seasonal i n t he conte x t of t he c u r re nt g loba l wa r m i ng. Pla sma level s of t he physiolog y : t he opt ic tec t u m (OT ), sacc u s va sc u losu s (S V ) a nd hor mone melaton i n ( M E L), produced by t he pi nea l g la nd , re flec t s gill. The OT showed the greatest number of genes with circadian photoperiod information in all vertebrates, and also temperature rhythmicity, while circadian rhythmicity was weakest in the gill. information in ectotherms. In the latter, MEL is produced and Only one paralogue was rhythmic in all three tissues suggesting released at night by the pineal photoreceptors: the duration of its subfunctionalisation of clock genes in different tissues. To secretion matches night length, while the amplitude of this surge investigate this further we transferred juvenile salmon to re flec t s t he a mbient tempe rat u re. Photope r iod modu lat ion of M E L seawater, which acutely stimulates cellular metabolism in the production involves cell membrane voltage-gated Ca2+ channels gill. This upregulated gill expression of a subset of non-rhythmic and a Ca2+ /cAMP-dependent intracellular mechanism; far less is clock genes, and was associated with promoter enrichment for understood on the mechanisms of temperature integration. In the ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 100 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 101

A3.9 DIVERGENT COPING STYLES A3.10 CLOCK GENES EXPRESSION A3.11 CAN INSULIN BE A LINK A3.12 DAILY RHYTHMS OF IGF- DIFFER IN ACTIVITY RHYTHMS IN IN GOLDFISH IS DRIVEN BY LIGHT- BETWEEN FEEDING AND LIVER 1 SYSTEM IN LIVER OF GOLDFISH GILTHEAD SEABREAM DARK IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS BUT BY CLOCK ENTRAINMENT IN FISH? (CARASSIUS AURATUS): ENTRAINMENT FEEDING-FASTING IN THE LIVER AN IN VITRO APPROACH BY LIGHT/DARK CYCLE AND FEEDING WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION TIME THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION CATARINA CV OLIVEIRA (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE, PORTUGAL), BERNARDETE L ESTHER ISORNA (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND NURIA SÁIZ (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND RODRIGUES (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV AITANA ALONSO-GÓMEZ (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND ALGARVE, PORTUGAL), MARCO CERQUEIRA (CENTRE OF MARINE MADRID, SPAIN), MIGUEL GÓMEZ-BORONAT (DEPT OF MADRID, SPAIN), MIGUEL GÓMEZ-BORONAT (DEPT OF MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF ALGARVE, PORTUGAL) GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, SPAIN), DIEGO MADERA (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), NURIA DE PEDRO COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), ESTHER ISORNA (DEPT [email protected] AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF MADRID, SPAIN), ÁNGEL L ALONSO-GÓMEZ (DEPT OF Studies of daily and circadian rhythms in fish reveal high individual FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), NURIA DE GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, variation in chronotypes and on the capacity to adapt to shifts MARÍA J DELGADO (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND PEDRO (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), MARÍA J DELGADO in environmental cues. By investigating circadian locomotor MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, rhythmicity in gilthead seabream with opposite coping styles, MADRID, SPAIN) MARÍA J DELGADO (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), th is study attempted to ex plain the var iability repor ted in such MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV ANA I VALENCIANO (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND st ud ies. For locomotor ac t iv it y a ssessme nt, fi sh we re sc ree ned for [email protected] MADRID, SPAIN) MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV copi ng st yles a nd d iv ided i nto t h ree e x pe r i me nta l g roups: proac t ive, The circadian system is formed by biological clocks that are MADRID, SPAIN) reactive, and intermediate; and two control groups: control and e nt ra i ned by e xoge nou s a nd e ndoge nou s rhy t h m ic c ues to d r ive [email protected] naïve. In a first experiment, all groups exhibited an overt daily a variety of physiological rhythms. These clocks are based on A network of oscillators synchronized by external cues forms the [email protected] rhy t h m whe n e x posed to a l ig ht /da rk photope r iod ( L D) c yc le a nd transcriptional-translational loops of the genes known as clock circadian system, which conducts endogenous rhythmicity. These The aim of this study was to investigate the possible rhythmicity scheduled feeding. When a photoperiod shift was applied, both genes. T h is st udy a i ms to ex plore t he role of t he l ight-da rk cycle oscillators function by transcriptional-translational loops of clock of gene expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1), its two reactive and proactive fish rapidly resynchronized to the new and feeding time on the clock genes expression rhythms in the genes that fluctuate on a 24-hour basis, with the liver a key clock for receptors (igf-1ra and igf-1rb), and the two binding proteins (igfbp1-a1 photophase, while a gradual resynchronization was observed for hy pot ha la mu s a nd t he l ive r of gold fi sh . Fi sh we re d iv ided i nto t h ree metabolic rhythms in vertebrates. Scheduled feeding entrains the and igfbp1-a2) i n t he l ive r of gold fi sh (Carassius auratus). T he e ffec t s i nte r med iate g roup before tota l e nt ra i n me nt to t he new L D c yc le. I n a e x pe r i me nta l g roups (n= 49/g roup): (i) a n i ma l s e x posed to 12-h l ig ht l ive r osc i l lator i n fi sh , but t he sig na l i ng u nde rly i ng t he c rossta l k of the two environmental cues, light/dark cycle and feeding time, second trial, circadian rhythmicity in locomotor activity of gilthead a nd 12-h da rk ness (12 L:12 D) a nd sc hedu led feed i ng at 10:0 0 ( L D - bet wee n feed i ng a nd hepat ic c loc k ge ne e x pression i s not yet f u l ly as zeitgebers was also studied. The igf-1 showed a sig n i fica nt da i ly seabrea m , rea red u nde r cond it ion s of con sta nt da rk ness ( DD) a nd 10), (i i) 12 L:12 D a nd ra ndom feed i ng ( L D -R F ), a nd (i i i) cont i nuou s establ i shed . He nce, t h i s work a i m s to st udy t he e ffec t of i n su l i n , a rhy t h m of e x pression w it h t he ac ropha se at 3 - 4 h before feed i ng t i me. random feeding, was observed in proactive, intermediate and control da rk ness a nd sc hedu led feed i ng at 10:0 0 ( DD -10). Fou r wee k s late r, k now n post pra nd ia l endoc r i ne sig na l, on c loc k gene e x pression i n This rhythm seems to be strongly dependent on both zeitgebers, since g roups, suggest i ng t he ex istence of a n endogenous mecha n ism gold fi sh we re sa mpled eve r y 4 h t h roug hout a 2 4 -h c yc le, a nd c loc k cultured goldfish liver. We conducted treatments with insulin in both the rhythmicity disappeared in absence of either, light/dark cycle regulating its activity. For the intermediate coping style, however, genes e x pression i n hy pot ha la mu s a nd l ive r wa s qua nt i fied by RT- the presence and absence of a translation inhibitor (cycloheximide). or feeding time. The hepatic expression of igfbp1-a1 did not show a d i st i nc t ive f ree -r u n n i ng ac t iv it y rhy t h m of approx i mately 23h qPC R . Sig n i fica nt da i ly e x pression rhy t h m s for t he st ud ied c loc k Moreove r, a st udy i nc lud i ng i n h ibitors of t he i nt racel lu la r PI 3K a nd significant daily rhythmicity, but theigfbp1-a 2 i sofor m e x h ibited a wa s obse r ved , h ig h l ig ht i ng t he e x i ste nce of a n e ndoge nou s c loc k genes (per1a, per1b, per2a, per3, clock1a, and bmal1a) were found in M E K pat hways ( LY 2 49 0 02 a nd PD9 8 0 59) wa s pe r for med . I n su l i n robust daily rhythm with the acrophase at 4-5 h after the scheduled driving such rhythm. Conversely, reactive fish did not display any hy pot ha la mu s a nd l ive r i n L D -10 a n i ma ls. I n t he hy pot ha la mu s, consistently induced per1 and per2, and it shortly raised rev-erbα. feeding time, even when fish were kept in constant darkness or circadian rhythmicity, suggesting that this group of fish may rely these rhythms were maintained in RF fish (exceptclock1a ), but the Cyc lohe x i m ide d id not cou nterac t t hese e ffec t s, d isca rd i ng a ny under random feeding conditions, suggesting that last mealtime a l most e xc lu sively i n e x te r na l e nv i ron me nta l c ues to e nt ra i n it s a mpl it udes we re reduced by ha l f; a nd rhy t h m ic it y wa s tota l ly lost mechanism involving de novo protein translation. Our results align i s t he ma i n sy nc h ron i ze r. T he hepat ic gene e x pression of t he t wo rhy t h m ic it y. Suc h resu lt s seem to i nd icate t hat t he d i ffe rences i n in the absence of a light-dark cycle (DD-10, except per3 and clock1a). with those in mammals, except that in mice insulin represses rev- receptor subtypes, igf-1ra and igf-1rb, did not show daily rhythms the adaptability of gilthead seabream to environmental cues may In contrast to hypothalamus, daily rhythms in hepatic clock genes erbα, while we found the opposite effect in goldfish. Our preliminary in any of the experimental conditions. These results support a role be explained by differences in individual coping styles. expression were found in all experimental groups (even under DD- results suggest that PI3K and MEK intracellular signaling pathways of IGF-1 as a rhythmic output signal of the hepatic food entrainable 10, except clock1a). These results suggest that the hypothalamus is might be underlying the insulin-mediated regulation of clock oscillator in fish, and underline that the feeding time may be a critical a light entrainable oscillator, being the light-dark cycle essential to genes. Overall, our results support that insulin has a role as a e x te r na l fac tor for t he 2 4 -h rhy t h m ic e x pression of IGF-1 syste m i n maintain its temporal homeostasis, while feeding schedule plays a molecular input for the liver clock in goldfish, and thus could elicit fish. The relevance of this system in the functional organization of key role in the entrainment of hepatic clocks in goldfish. early responses to feeding entrainment by modulating clock gene the circadian system in fish remains to be explored. expression. In addition, our data emphasizes the key role of mealtime a s a st rong c i rcad ia n sy nc h ron i ze r i n fi sh , espec ia l ly whe n st udy i ng peripheral oscillators. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 102 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 103

A3.13 DECIPHERING LIGHT- A3.14 REMODELLING OF VISUAL A3.15 FEEDING TIME AND FREQUENCY A3.16 DAILY RHYTHMS OF IN VITRO DEPENDENT RESPONSES OF THE OPSINS GENE EXPRESSION MODULATES THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM FERTILIZATION IN FISH: OOCYTE CELLULAR CIRCADIAN CLOCK OF DURING EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND AND DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN TRANSCRIPTOME FISH USING SEABREAM-DERIVED METAMORPHOSIS IN SENEGALESE SOLE: SENEGALESE SOLE JUVENILES EMBRYONIC CELL LINES A CHRONOBIOLOGICAL APPROACH THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION JUAN FERNANDO PAREDES (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION NEDA GILANNEJAD (INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS DE FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA, SPAIN), GONZALO DE ALBA (DEPARTMENT OF ALBA VERGES-CASTILLO (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SARA FRAU (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF MARINE AND ANDALUCÍA (ICMAN-CSIC), SPAIN), FRANCISCO J MOYANO PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, INMAR, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, INMAR, UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, (DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA Y GEOLOGÍA, FACULTAD DE UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA, SPAIN), JOSÉ F LÓPEZ OLMEDA UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), IVAN A GONZALEZ-VARGAS SPAIN), GUILLAUME H LOENTGEN (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, CIENCIAS CEIMAR, UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA, SPAIN), (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR (FACULTY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE CALI, FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, INMAR, GONZALO MARTÍNEZ-RODRÍGUEZ (INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS MARE NOSTRUM, UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA, SPAIN), JOSÉ A COLOMBIA), JOSE A MUÑOZ-CUETO (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), AGUEDA J MARTIN-ROBLES MARINAS DE ANDALUCÍA (ICMAN-CSIC), SPAIN), MANUEL MUÑOZ-CUETO (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF MARINE FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, INMAR, (DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICINE, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC YÚFERA (INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS DE ANDALUCÍA SCIENCES, INMAR, UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, CEIMAR, SPAIN), UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), CARLOS PENDON (DEPARTMENT HEALTH, FACULTY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, (ICMAN-CSIC), SPAIN) EVARISTO L MAÑANÓS (INSITITUTE OF AQUACULTURE OF TORRE OF BIOMEDICINE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH, SPAIN), JOSE A MUÑOZ-CUETO (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, DE LA SAL, CSIC, SPAIN), PRABHUGOUDA SIRIYAPPAGOUDER FACULTY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, INMAR, [email protected] (FACULTY OF BIOSCIENCES AND AQUACULTURE, NORD AGUEDA J MARTIN-ROBLES (DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN) With the aim of obtaining a better understanding of factors UNIVERSITY, NORWAY), JORGE MM FERNANDES (FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH, FACULTY OF SCIENCES, i n flue nc i ng t he d igest ive f u nc t ion , d i ffe re nt da i ly feed i ng sc hedu les, BIOSCIENCES AND AQUACULTURE, NORD UNIVERSITY, NORWAY), UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN) [email protected] timing and frequency, were tested in Senegalese sole (Solea FRANCISCO JAVIER SÁNCHEZ-VÁZQUEZ (DEPARTMENT OF senegalensis) juve n i les. Ci rcad ia n e x pression of ma i n ge nes related Rod and cone visual photoreceptors represent the functional PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, [email protected] to the circadian system (clock and per1), appetite (cck), nutrient constituents that are the basis of nocturnal and colour vision, UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA, SPAIN) hydrolysis (try1, ctrb1, pga, atp4a, cel and amy2a) and transport Circadian rhythms are driven by endogenous clocks that are respectively. The Senegalese sole experiences a real metamorphosis (slc15a1), and the activity of key digestive (trypsin, amylase, ultimately entrained by environmental factors, with the light- that involves a shift from diurnal to nocturnal behaviour. [email protected] 4C- and 7C-like lipases) and absorptive (alkaline assessed in the da rk c yc le ( L D) t he most i mpor ta nt sy nc h ron i ze r. Fi sh c i rcad ia n Metamorphosis also determines a migration from pelagic to benthic gast roi ntest i na l t rac t (GI T ). E xclusively noc t u r na l a nd a si ngle Predictable environmental changes (alternation of day/night, tides, rhythms appear to be sustained by cell-autonomous mechanisms, environments, which is accompanied by changes in light intensity d iu r na l mea l we re t he on ly feed i ng protocol s t hat had a sig n i fica nt lunar phases and seasons) have fostered organisms to develop a as suggested by different studies performed in zebrafish. and spectrum. In this study, we analysed the daily expression i n fluence on ent ra i n ment of t he GI T i nte r na l c loc k . I n add it ion , on ly biological clock to keep track of time. The timely secretion of Unfortunately, fish cellular clocks have been poorly studied in rhythms of different visual rod and cone opsin photopigments t hese protocols resu lted i n e x pression pat te r n s of some d igest ive gonadotropins and sexual steroids is crucial to synchronize species other than zebrafish. An important bottleneck in fish (rh1, sws1, sws2, rh2.3, rh2.4 and lws) during ontogeny of sole at proenzymes that were highly comparable to those of per1, one of spawning, so that it should not be surprising that daily rhythm of in clock research is the supply and maintenance of embryos, larvae, hatching, before, during and after metamorphosis. Furthermore, the negative elements from the circadian regulatory loop, in the vitro fertilization occurred. The aim of this research is to investigate juve n i le a nd adu lt spec i me n s. I n t h i s conte x t, cel l l i nes con st it ute we tested the effect of the light spectra and photoperiod in corresponding protocol. The post-prandial upregulation of cck was the existence of such rhythms in zebrafish (model species) and in powerful and alternative tools with important applications in fish animals maintained under light-dark cycles of white (LDW), blue attributed to a possible satiety function. Synchrony of per1 with Senegalese sole (a fish species of great aquaculture interest). To this chronobiology, because they permit easier experimental design and (LDB), red (LDR) and continuous white (LL) lights. Our results slc15a1 i n some of t he e x pe r i menta l t reat ment s u nde rl i ned t he role end we performedin v itro fer tilization trials at different times of sa mpl i ng, avoid i ng t he sac r i fice of a n i ma l s. I n t h i s st udy, we have showed more robust daily rhythms of opsins under LDW and of clock genes in the regulation of biological functions related to the day. For zebrafish, we performed fertilization at different used a recently developed monoclonal embryonic cell line derived LDB conditions, in particular, before and after metamorphosis, the digestive physiology. The feeding protocol was determinant Zeitgeber Times (ZT0, ZT1, ZT2, ZT3, ZT4, ZT7, ZT15, ZT21, f rom t he bla st u la stage of g i lt head seabrea m e mbr yos (SA EC-H 7 ) to with acrophases mainly placed in the second half of the day. In on the total production and/or daily pattern of enzymatic activity. ZT23) with lights on at ZT0 and off at ZT14. For Senegalese sole, analyse the oscillation of central clock components and the response LDR and LL conditions, transcript levels were markedly reduced While trypsin activity was correlated with daily food intake in some we performed similar trials every 4 h during a 24h light dark to d i ffe re nt photoreg i mes. O u r resu lt s showed rhy t h m ic e x pression for most of the opsins analysed and, in some cases, rhythmic protocol s, suc h a cor relat ion wa s not ide nt i fied i n ot he r e n z y mes. Fi sh cycle. The cosinor analysis (p < 0.05) revealed the existence of a of key c loc k ge nes i n SA EC-H 7 cel l s, a s wel l a s t he abi l it y of t hese profiles exhibited a phase shifting and were less robust. Our fed a single diurnal meal showed the lowest activity for all the studied statistically significant daily rhythm for in vitro fertilization with embryonic cells to re-entrain to a light cycle inversion. Rhythmic results underline that the metamorphic transition from pelagic e n z y mes, e xcept for a myla se, suggest i ng a n i n su ffic ie nt ut i l i sat ion a ma ximum success around the species-specific natural spaw ning expression of some core clock genes persisted under constant light to benthic habitats in Senegalese sole is accompanied by changes of the ingested nutrients. However, higher amylase activity in this time (diurnal or nocturnal for zebrafish and sole, respectively). In and dark conditions after several days, but with decreased mesors i n t ra n sc r ipt level s a nd pha se of v i sua l opsi n e x pression rhy t h m s, group pointed to a possible activation of alternative compensatory addition, one way A NOVA also unveiled statistically significant and amplitudes, reinforcing the circadian and endogenous nature of which are markedly influenced by light photoperiod and spectrum. metabolic pathways. differences between fertilization time points (p<0.05). The the cellular rhythms. These results indicate that seabream-derived Fu nded by M I N ECO G ra nt s (AGL 2013 - 49 027- C 3 -2-R , AGL 2017- transcriptome analysis at different ZT (ZT1, ZT7, ZT15 and ZT21) cell lines contain a functional molecular clock entrained by light, 82582-C3-1-R) to JAMC. revealed differential gene expression in all sampling points. representing an important tool to enlarge our knowledge about the These results suggest that the success for in vitro fertilization orga n i zat ion a nd reg u lat ion of t he cel lu la r c i rcad ia n c loc k i n fi sh . highly depends on the time of day, which should be considered Funded by MINECO Grants to JAMC/CP (AGL2013-49027-C3-2-R) when establishing protocols for in vitro fertilization in broodstock a nd to JA MC (AGL 2017- 82582- C 3 -1-R). fish fa r m i ng. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 104 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 105

A3.17 THE IMPORTANCE OF DAILY A4 REGULATION OF ENERGY RHYTHMS IN THE REPRODUCTIVE AXIS OF NILE TILAPIA (OREOCHROMIS METABOLISM IN FISH: NILOTICUS) RHYTHMS OF LIFE WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION

GONZALO DE ALBA (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY ,CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA, SPAIN), NATÁLIA MN MOURAD (DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF LAVRAS UFLA, BRAZIL), JUAN FERNANDO PAREDES (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, ORGANISED BY: JOSÉ LUIS SOENGAS (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO) FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, UNIVERSITY AND ISABEL NAVARRO (UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA) OF MURCIA, SPAIN), FRANCISCO JAVIER SÁNCHEZ-VÁZQUEZ (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, UNIVERSITY OF MURCIA, SPAIN), JOSE FERNANDO LÓPEZ-OLMEDA (DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, A4.0 DIETARY MODULATION OF ENERGY A4.1 CENTRAL TREATMENT OF FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, CEIR MARE NOSTRUM, UNIVERSITY OF METABOLISM IN FARMED FISH – β-HYDROXYBUTYRATE IN RAINBOW MURCIA, SPAIN) GETTING MORE FOR LESS TROUT ALTERS LIVER METABOLISM BUT [email protected] NOT FOOD INTAKE AND ITS REGULATION Animals select the most favorable moment to reproduce to ensure TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:00 the sur vival of the offspring. Most fish show seasonal and daily TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:30 reproduction rhythms, although the existence of rhythms in LUISA MP VALENTE (CIIMAR-UNIVERSITY OF PORTO, neuroendocrine factors involved in reproductive physiology remains PORTUGAL) SARA COMESAÑA (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN), MARTA CONDE- u n k now n . T he objec t ive of t h i s resea rc h wa s to i nvest igate da i ly SIEIRA (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN), CRISTINA VELASCO rhy thms in the Brain-Pituitar y-Gonadal axis (BPG axis) of Nile [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN), JESÚS M MÍGUEZ (UNIVERSITY Ti lapia. To t h i s e nd , 36 ma les a nd 36 fe ma les we re sepa rated by se x OF VIGO, SPAIN), ROSA ÁLVAREZ-OTERO (UNIVERSITY OF P roduc t ion i nc rea se mu st occ u r i n a conte x t whe re resou rces a re and housed at 29 ± 0.5 °C under a light/dark cycle of 12h:12h. After VIGO, SPAIN), JOSÉ L SOENGAS (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN) scarcer in a more crowded world, and thus the sector needs to be 4-weeks acclimation, male and female tilapias were mixed in six fa r more e ffic ie nt . T he u se of d iet s w it h a la rge reduc t ion of ma rine g roups i n a rat io of 6:6. Fou r tee n days late r, fi sh we re sac r i ficed a nd [email protected] i ng red ie nt s obl iges fi sh to ca ref u l ly ba la nce a nd reg u late e ne rg y blood, brain, pituitary, gonad and egg samples were taken during six intake and expenditure guaranteeing energy homeostasis. The In mammals, food intake and peripheral metabolism are regulated poi nt s of a 2 4 -hou r c yc le. T he e x pression level s of bra i n ge nes ( gnrh1, dietary protein level and source plays a major role on energy as a result of central detection of ketone bodies (KB). Putative gnrh2, gnrh3, kiss2, gnih), pituitary (fshβ and lhβ), gonad (star, cyp11a, metabol i sm : whe n e xcess protei n /A A i s suppl ied i n t he d iet, on ly pa r t mechanisms of ketone sensing are those dependent on metabolism cyp17, cyp19a1a and amh) and eggs (zp3b and fyna) were analyzed by is used to make new proteins and the remainder is deaminated and and on transport of KB. In fish, food deprivation increases levels of qPCR. In plasma, ELISA was used to analyze testosterone, estradiol converted into energy compounds such as fat or glucose. Likewise, ketone bod ies a s i n ma m ma l s but i n a lowe r e x te nt . T he refore, we and maturation-inducing hormone (MIH). The results revealed adequate levels of lipids, especially LC-PUFA, must be included in hy pot hesi ze t hat ce nt ra l detec t ion of K B i n fi sh wou ld t r igge red coord i nated da i ly rhy t h m s a long t he BPG a x i s of Ni le t i lapia , w it h ma r i ne fi sh d iet s. Fi sh oi l i s pa r t ic u la rly r ic h i n E PA a nd DH A , but si m i la r e ffec t s a s i n ma m ma ls. T hu s, a n i nt race rebrovent r ic u la r acrophases in the brain distributed throughout the LD cycle, and most lipid alternatives have, at most, vestigial levels. Although injection was carried out with two groups of rainbow trout: 1 μL/100g a coordinated pattern at the hypophysial, gonadal and plasmatic fish can selective retain certain fatty acids, replacement of FO in body ma ss of sa l i ne solut ion a lone (cont rol) or conta i n i ng 0. 5 μ mol / level. Our results showed the daily rhythmicity of the reproductive aqua feed s need s to be ca ref u l ly add ressed a s i mpac t s fi sh g row t h , μL of β-hydroxybutyrate. After 6 h, samples of hypothalamus physiology of the Nile tilapia. These findings can be used to assess health, and the nutritional value. The simultaneous replacement of and liver were taken. Enzymatic activities, expression of mRNA the optimum moment that animals select for breeding and thus, FM and FO induce several metabolic adaptations that vary among and protein abundance of parameters related to putative ketone optimize the reproduction protocols established in the tilapia culture. fi sh spec ies a nd l i fe stages, a nd mu st be ca ref u l ly add ressed by t he sen si ng pat hways, a s wel l a s e x pression of t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors feed industry to further reduce the reliance of aquaculture on marine and neuropeptides involved in the regulation of food intake were resources and assure a sustainable growth of the sector. eva luated i n hy pot ha la mu s. Pa ra mete rs related to K B, g lucose, fat t y acid and amino acid metabolism were analysed in liver. In a second e x pe r i ment t he sa me solut ion s we re i njec ted to eva luate food i nta ke 6 h a nd 24 h post-t reat ment. No major cha nges were obser ved i n parameters related to ketone sensing mechanisms in hypothalamus. Moreover, no changes were observed in neuropeptides or in food intake, contrary to mammals. However, we observed changes in liver metabolism which are similar to those observed under food deprived conditions and might have been elicited by the presence of K B i n bra i n t h roug h i n h ibit ion of A M PK sig na l l i ng. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 106 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 107

fish exposed to a warming ocean and limited food access. In our deviation in homeostasis. Corticosteroids play a key function in A4.2 LIPID METABOLISM AND study, the growth of Amphiprion ocellaris juve n i les wa s a ssayed A4.5 NEW INSIGHTS ABOUT THE the stress axis by regulating either mineral or energy balance. AUTOPHAGY ARE REGULATED BY in temperature scenarios representing projection for the end of MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN POOR 1α-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-OHB) is the dominant corticosteroid this century (32°C) (high), and present (28°C) (control). For each in elasmobranchs, but its role in energy balance is largely unknown. GENISTEIN IN RAINBOW TROUT tempe rat u re, t wo feed i ng f reque nc ies we re tested : one (rest r ic ted) USE OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES Given 1α-OHBs predicted role in the elasmobranch stress response, (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS): and three (fully) ad libitum feeding times a day. Neuropeptides IN CARNIVOROUS FISH I hypothesize that 1α-OHB serves as a glucocorticoid function in IN VIVO AND IN VITRO APPROACHES known to be involved in controlling appetite and feed intake in energy mobilization. In the present study, we describe energy other vertebrates was analysed using qPCR on brain samples from TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:00 regulation during a stress event in an elasmobranch, the spiny fish sampled before and after the mor ning meal. Higher feed ing dog fi sh (Squalus acanthias). Fi sh we re fit ted w it h a n i ndwel l i ng TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:45 frequency but not temperature accounted for higher growth in STEPHANE PANSERAT (UMR1419 INRA-UPPA NUMEA, FRANCE), dorsal aortic cannula and placed in a blacked out box fed with t he fi sh . A h ig he r e x pression of agout i-related-protei n-1 (agrp1) flow-t h roug h seawate r. Fi sh we re t reated i n one of t h ree ways: a i r SARA BALBUENA-PECINO (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), LUCIE MARANDEL (UMR1419 INRA-UPPA NUMEA, FRANCE) and a slightly lower level of pro-opiomelanocortin-a (pomca) was exposure, administration of corticosterone (4ug/100mL/kg), or ESMAIL LUTFI (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), NATÀLIA correlated to the higher feed intake in response to higher temperature [email protected] control. Blood samples were taken at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h RIERA-HEREDIA (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), compared to control. Similarly, agrp1 was also higher in fully fed post-treatment, and plasma was analysed for osmolality, osmolytes, EMILIO J VÉLEZ (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of energy yielding fish compared to restricted feeding fish. Therefore, in regulating glucose, ß-hydroxybuterate, lactate, and 1α-OHB (using an in-house JOAQUIM GUTIÉRREZ (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), nutrients which is economically indispensable in commercial fish feed intake, agrp1 and pomca may ac t ore x ige n ic a nd a nore x ige n ic, enzyme immunoassay developed for 1α-OHB) and compared to ENCARNACIÓN CAPILLA (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), feed for mu lat ion s. But, t he abi l it y of fa r med fi shes to u se e ne rg y respectively. After feeding, there were increased transcription controls. There was no increase in the measured metabolic fuels, in ISABEL NAVARRO (UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN) from digestible forms of carbohydrates contentiously differs levels in pomca in the restricted group and in agrp2 for all treatments, comparison to control fish, immediately post-stress or corticosterone based on their feeding habits, anatomical-physiological features suggesting anorexigenic roles for these neuropeptides by signaling administration. However, there is evidence of treatment holding [email protected] and rearing conditions. Carnivorous , in particular, are satiation. melanocortin 4 receptor (mc4r) may be involved in acting as a compound stressor, potentially masking the metabolic considered to be poor in utilising dietary carbohydrates mainly The current trend of fish meal and oil replacement in aquafeeds ore x ige n ic pat hways si nce it s m R NA level s dec rea sed a f te r feed i ng. respon se to a i r e x posu re. due to their low intestinal glucose uptake rates and slow blood has led to the interest of using plant-derived products instead. I n t h i s st udy, t he selec ted neu ropept ide ma rke rs play d i ffe re nt roles glucose clearance. Hence, they have been the subject of most Soybeans, which are rich in isoflavones, such as genistein, are i n reg u lat i ng appet ite a nd feed i nta ke i n c low n fi sh , a s respon ses to studies focusing on carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. among the most used alternative dietary ingredients in fish. e ffec t s of te mpe rat u re a nd feed i ng. The findings overwhelmingly indicate the presence of almost Howeve r, t he physiolog ica l i mpac t of t h i s phy toest rogen i n fi sh i s 13 all t he essential biological elements, but w it h d i fferences in t he A4.7 APPLICATION OF C-ENRICHED not wel l k now n . T h i s st udy a i m s to eva luate ge n i stei n e ffec t s on l ipid regulatory mechanism. On the other hand, the changing trends in SUBSTRATES FOR STUDYING NUTRIENT metabolism and autophagy in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). fish feed formulation with progressively higher inclusion levels of An intraperitoneal injection of vehicle (DMSO diluted 1:3 in sesame METABOLISM IN FISH A4.4 USING INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY plant ingredients will invariably introduce more carbohydrates, oi l) a s cont rol, gen i stei n at 5 or 50 µ g /g body weig ht, a nd 17β-estradiol TO OPTIMISE DIETS FOR SUSTAINABLE necessitat i ng copi ng st rateg ies i n fi sh . I n t h i s aquac u lt u re or ie nted at 5 µg/g were tested; in vitro, primary cultured adipocytes were TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:45 conte x t, t he prese nt ta l k i nte nd s to put toget he r pieces of t he pu zz le i nc ubated w it h gen i stei n at 10 or 10 0 μ M , 17β- est rad iol at 1 μ M or AQUACULTURE of d ieta r y ca rbohyd rate ut i l i sat ion i n fi sh ba sed on new i n sig ht s 0.1% DM SO a s cont rol. I n v ivo, gen i stei n at 50 μg /g sig n i fica nt ly JOHN G JONES (CENTER FOR NEUROSCIENCES AND CELL gained with respect to 1) the inherently limiting steps beginning reduced t r iglycer ide levels a nd up-reg u lated gene ex pression of TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:15 BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL), JOAO RITO with poor glucose homeostasis, complex hormonal regulation, hormone sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated (CENTER FOR NEUROSCIENCES AND CELL BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY distinctive glucose, energy and nutrient sensing mechanisms, receptor (ppar) alpha in liver and white muscle, as well as fatty HARRIET GOODRICH (THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL), MIGUEL PARDAL (CENTER FOR reg u lator y molec u la r de fic it s i n hepat ic i nte r med ia r y metabol i sm acid synthase and ppar beta in adipose tissue and white muscle, UNITED KINGDOM), CRAIG FRANKLIN (THE UNIVERSITY OF FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL), and weak glucose utilization in peripheral tissues; 2) future suggesting enhanced lipid turnover. Besides, autophagy-related QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), ROD WILSON (THE UNIVERSITY IVAN VIEGAS (CENTER FOR FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, UNIVERSITY approac hes to aug me nt ca rbohyd rate u se i n fi sh suc h a s nut r it iona l genes (i.e. lc3b, atgb4 and atg12) e x pression wa s i nc rea sed i n most OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL) programming in early life, genetic selection and fine tuning dietary tissues. In vitro, 100 μ M genistein reduced cell viability and lipid macronutrient balance. accumulation, whereas glycerol and triglycerides released into [email protected] [email protected] the media were unaltered compared to the control. Overall, these Meeting the needs of the growing human population has already The processing of feed nutrients is a central topic in the study of findings indicate the importance of considering the regulatory role led to the over ex ploitation of most w ild fisher ies and d r iven the fi sh g row t h a nd adaptat ion to novel feed subst rates. 13 C is a stable of ge n i stei n on fi sh fat metabol i sm to opt i m i ze t he u se of soybea n exponential growth of and requirement for intensive aquaculture. isotope that can be detected by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic products as alternative dietary ingredients in aquaculture. A4.6 ANALYSIS OF ENERGY Identifying strategies that work to improve the efficiency and resonance (NMR) and infra-red spectroscopy. It is now being Suppor ted by M I N ECO AGL 2014 -57974 -R , AGL 2017- 8 9 4 36 -R a nd MOBILIZATION DURING AN su sta i nabi l it y of i nte n sive fi n fi sh aquac u lt u re w i l l be key to meet i ncor porated i n a n eve r e x pa nd i ng ra nge of nut r ie nt s t hat i nc lude Generalitat de Catalunya 2017SGR-1574. demands by 2050. Aquaculture nutrition provides an avenue that INDUCED STRESS RESPONSE IN AN carbohydrates, lipid and proteins. Since 13 C is non-radioactive, it ca n be u sed to d i rec t ly ma n ipu late fi sh g row t h , qua l it y a nd hea lt h . ELASMOBRANCH FISH, THE SPINY ca n be i ncor porated i nto convent iona l laborator y e x pe r i ment s a nd However, little is known about the physiological disturbances DOGFISH (SQUALUS ACANTHIAS) fi sh-feed i ng t r ia ls. T h i s presentat ion w i l l foc u s on t he appl icat ion of a ssoc iated w it h t he d igest ion of a mea l i n fi sh , a nd how t hese ca n 13 C- e n r ic hed subst rates for t he st udy of fi sh metabol i sm . T he re a re A4.3 NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL contribute to the energetic cost associated with the consumption two distinctive kinds of metabolic information that can be derived TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:30 OF APPETITE AND FEED INTAKE IN of a meal. Many commercial fish feeds can contain buffering from these studies. Firstly, the bulk conversion of the 13 C-enriched components that dampen pH changes within the gut and in turn subst rate i nto ox idat ive a nd a nabolic pat hways such as protei n CLOWNFISH, AMPHIPRION OCELLARIS, ALEXANDRA N SCHOEN (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), could have physiological consequences for digestion in fish, sy nt hesis a nd l ipogenesis ca n be qua nt i fied by deter m i n i ng t he EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE JASON R TREBERG (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), leading to a reduction in fish grow th efficiency. In this study we excess 13 C-enrichment of bicarbonate/CO , tissue proteins and CATHARINE J WHEATON (ANIMALS, SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT, 2 AND FEEDING FREQUENCIES a ssessed t he i mpac t of d ieta r y bu ffe r i ng capac it y on t he e ne rget ic l ipid s. Second ly, i n for mat ion on t he spec i fic metabol ic flu xes t hat DISNEY’S ANIMAL KINGDOM™ AND THE SEAS WITH NEMO AND cost of digestion, gastric pH, the blood alkaline tide and growth in determine the metabolic fate of the 13 C-precursor can be derived by FRIENDS™, UNITED STATES), NATALIE MYLNICZENKO (ANIMALS, TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:00 com me rc ia l ly i mpor ta nt U K a nd Au st ra l ia n fi shes. T h i s st udy shows analysis of 13 C-isotope isomers, or isotopomers. In this presentation, SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT, DISNEY’S ANIMAL KINGDOM™ AND how a spec t s of a mea l t hat have no nut r it iona l va lue ca n i n flue nce the approaches and methodologies for quantifying 13 C-enrichment THE SEAS WITH NEMO AND FRIENDS™, UNITED STATES), W GARY LINH P PHAM (UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN, NORWAY), the physiological disturbances that occur during digestion to change and 13 C-isotopomers in fish tissues will be presented using examples ANDERSON (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA) ANN-ELISE O JORDAL (UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN, NORWAY), the cumulative costs associated with the consumption of a meal from our work as well as that of others. To demonstrate the scope i n fi sh . We de mon st rate pote nt ia l for t he ac id-ba se prope r t ies of and utility of 13 C- e n r ic hed subst rates i n t he st udy of fi sh nut r ie nt MINH V NGUYEN (NHA TRANG UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM), [email protected] IVAR RØNNESTAD (UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN, NORWAY) com me rc ia l fi sh feed s to be ma n ipu lated to i mprove t he e ffic ienc y metabolism, we will focus on 13 C-isotope studies of carbohydrate and sustainability of global aquaculture. The vertebrate endocrine system plays a critical regulatory role ut i l i zat ion by ca r n ivorou s fi sh . [email protected] in controlling energy balance, particularly during periods of increased energy demand. One such activity is the activation of Neuroendocrine control of appetite and feed intake maintains t he e ndoc r i ne st ress a x i s, wh ic h by de fi n it ion de ma nd s mobi l i zat ion homeostasis, and underlies growth and may be crucial for tropical of energy to reestablish internal equilibrium in response to a ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 108 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 109

consequently decrease environmental impact. The more sensitive A4.8 CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO A4.9 HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL period for metabolic programming should be during embryo A4.12 NITRIC OXIDE INHIBITOR SIMVASTATIN DISRUPTS ZEBRAFISH TRAINING STIMULATES AMPK–PGC-1α development, however, the lack of in ovo modulation techniques L-NAME MODULATES GAS TRANSPORT has been a bottleneck in fish programming. This work presents an BRAIN ENERGY METABOLISM SIGNALING PATHWAY, MITOCHONDRIAL innovative in ovo nutritional modulating technique based on low- AND ACID/BASE BALANCE DURING COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS frequency ultrasounds (sonophoresis) to enhance the transport of HYPOXIA STRESS IN AIR-BREATHING TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:00 IN TROUT RED MUSCLE compounds across the embryo membranes. An early stimulus with FISH bioactive compounds involved in gut maturation was applied in SUSANA BARROS (CIIMAR, CITAB, PORTUGAL), ANA M COIMBRA zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 3.5 h post-fertilization. To validate TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:15 TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:38 (CITAB, PORTUGAL), JOSÉ B QUINTANA (DEPARTMENT OF t he i ncor porat ion e ffic ienc y of t he tec h n ique a dose -respon se c u rve ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES, was performed. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities MORGANE PENGAM (UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE, VALSA S PETER (UNIVERSITY OF KERALA, INDIA) IIAA, SPAIN), MIGUEL M SANTOS (FACULTY OF SCIENCES, and gut functionality biomarkers were analysed to evaluate the FRANCE), CHRISTINE MOISAN (UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE UNIVERSITY OF PORTO, CIIMAR, PORTUGAL), TERESA NEUPARTH larval nutrition-induced metabolic plasticity and the effects of early OCCIDENTALE, FRANCE), BERNARD SIMON (UNIVERSITÉ [email protected] (CIIMAR, PORTUGAL) prog ra m m i ng on fi sh d igest ive e ffic ie nc y. DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE, FRANCE), ALINE AMERAND Nit r ic ox ide ( NO) ha s been show n to d r ive ion t ra n spor t f uc nt ion s i n (UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE, FRANCE) [email protected] pe r iphe ra l t i ssues of fi shes. Howeve r, t he role of NO i n ga s t ra n spor t and acid/base balance particularly during stress response is not Simvastatin (SIM), a hypocholesterolaemic drug of the statins [email protected] yet k now n i n fi sh . We, t he refore, e xa m i ned t he respon se of ga s a nd group, is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals for prevention A4.11 INVOLVEMENT OF FREE FATTY Tra i n i ng e xe rc i se i s recog n i sed to i mprove hu ma n hea lt h but t he acid/base variables in a NO-depleted air-breathing fish ( Anabas of cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have shown that ACID RECEPTORS IN THE REGULATION involved cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been fully testudineus) e x posed to hy pox ia st ress. A dose -respon sive ac t ion lipophilic statins, as SIM, are able to cross the blood–brain barrier elucidated. Currently, one of the challenges is to determine training OF FOOD INTAKE IN RAINBOW TROUT of L-NAME on arterial blood pO , pCO , tO and tCO contents was and interfere with the energy metabolism of the central nervous 2 2 2 2 e xe rc i se protocols t hat st i mu late sig na l l i ng pat hways i nvolved i n (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) fou nd , wh ic h showed a mod i fied pat te r n i n hy pox ia-i nduced fi sh . system in humans and mammalian models. In fish and other m itoc hond r ia l bioge nesi s a nd a nt iox ida nt defe nce, suc h a s A M PK– Likewise, a correlation was found between carbonic anhydrase (CA) aquat ic orga n i sm s, t he e ffec t s of SI M on bra i n e ne rg y metabol i sm PGC-1α, wh ic h cont r ibutes to t he hea lt h be ne fit e ffec t s. T he i mpac t activity in RBC lysate and blood HCO levels. Similarly, a correlation are practically unknown, particularly following exposure to TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:34 3 of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity between HCO level and the CA activity was found in gills, kidney low environmental relevant concentrations. Therefore, the 3 continuous training (MICT) on this signalling pathway have been a nd i ntest i ne, t he major ac id / ba se -reg u lat i ng epit hel ia . D i ffe re nt ia l present study aimed at investigating the effects of SIM on brain CRISTINA VELASCO (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), recognised but are often variable owing to the different training and spatial response of H+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase after L-NAME energy metabolism of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) following a SARA COMESAÑA (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), FATEMEH pa ra mete rs a nd to t he fibre t y pe rec r u it ment. T he ma i n pu r pose of t reate me nt wa s fou nd i n t he osmoreg u lator y epit hel ia of hy pox ia- chronic exposure (90 days) to environmentally relevant SIM NADERI (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), AYELÉN M BLANCO t he prese nt st udy wa s to compa re t he e ffec t s of M IC T a nd H I I T on st ressed fi sh . A reve rsed pat te r n of ga s t ra n spor t a nd ac id / ba se concentrations ranging from 8 ng/L to 1,000 ng/L. Real-time PCR (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), MARTA CONDE-SIEIRA t he A M PK–PGC-1α signalling pathway in terms of the mitochondrial variables after hypoxia stress was found in NAME-treated fish. was used to analyse the transcript levels of several genes involved in (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), JOSÉ LUIS SOENGAS compou nd s a nd redox state i n skeleta l mu sc le of ra i nbow t rout . Fi sh Overall, the data support the hypothesis that NO has a pivotal d i ffe re nt pat hways of bra i n e ne rg y metabol i sm (accα, fasn, acadm, (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN) present s t he ma i n adva ntage hav i ng sepa rated red ox idat ive a nd role in driving physiological homeostasis during acclimation of glut1b, gapdh, idh3a, cox5aa and cox4i1). The results showed that wh ite g lycoly t ic fibres. I n t he prese nt st udy, t wo g roups of ra i nbow air-breathing fish to hy poxia stress. (Supported by grants from SIM can modulate the transcription of key genes involved in the [email protected] trout were trained and compared to a control group (untrained iCEIB Project, Govt. of Kerala and KSCSTE Emeritus Scientist mitochondrial electron transport chain, in glucose transportation fi sh). Fi rst, t he M IC T g roup swa m 23. 5 h /day at a speed of 57% of We have prev iou sly de mon st rated i n ra i nbow t rout t he e x i ste nce, Scheme (VSP). and metabolism, and in fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation, and U (ma x i ma l sw i m m i ng speed) for 10 days. Second , t he H I I T g roup at central and peripheral levels, of fatty acid sensing systems revealed sex-dependent effects for some of the studied genes. crit swam 2 h/day at a speed of 90% of U for 10 days. RNA transcripts compa rable to t hose desc r ibed i n ma m ma ls, w it h t he e xcept ion Overall, the present study indicates that SIM exposure can change crit (AMPK, PGC-1α, citrate synthase, oxidative phosphorylation of t he abi l it y of fi sh system s for detec t i ng not on ly c ha nges i n t he the brain energy metabolism of fish, bringing new knowledge complexes, uncoupling proteins and antiox idant enzy mes) and level s of LC FA l i ke oleate, but a l so MC FA l i ke oc ta noate. Despite rega rd i ng stat i n e ffec t s i n non-ta rget spec ies at env i ron menta l ly A4.13 “HEAVY” LEARNING WITH e n z y mat ic ac t iv it ies (c it rate sy nt ha se a nd a nt iox ida nt e n z y mes) these achievements, additional research is needed to evaluate 2 relevant concentrations. DEUTERATED WATER ( H O) AS A we re qua nt i fied . We obse r ved t hat H I I T st i mu lated t hese ta rget the putative role of the fatty acid receptors as lipid sensors. In 2 transcripts more than MICT. Moreover, these molecular responses mammals, these receptors have been identified both at central TRACER FOR FISH METABOLISM we re g reate r i n red ox idat ive mu sc le t ha n i n wh ite g lycoly t ic mu sc le. and peripheral tissues, and several studies elucidated their role in numerous biological processes such as the metabolic regulation of WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:00 food intake. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate at central level the possible role of the receptors GPR40, GPR84, GPR119, and IVAN VIEGAS (UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL), A4.10 IN OVO INCORPORATION OF GPR120 in the regulation of food intake in fish by using specific JOHN G JONES (CENTER FOR NEUROSCIENCE AND CELL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN ZEBRAFISH agonists of each receptor of interest. Thus, we administered BIOLOGY - UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA, PORTUGAL) intracerebroventricularly to 100g rainbow trout 1µl of saline alone THROUGH ULTRASOUND WAVES (cont rol) or conta i n i ng 1 m M of spec i fic agon i st s of eac h receptor [email protected] (TUG424 for GPR40, 3,3′-diindolylmethane for GPR84, AR231453 Deuterated water (2 H O - also known as “heavy water”) TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:30 for G PR119, T UG 8 91 for G PR120 a nd G W950 8 for G PR4 0 +G PR120). 2 is a relatively inexpensive non-radioactive tracer that is Then, we assessed in hypothalamus and hindbrain changes in ideally suited for fish studies since it can be incorporated into CARMEN NAVARRO-GUILLÉN (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, the mRNA abundance of parameters related to fatty acid sensing tank water for an indefinite period. It rapidly equilibrates PORTUGAL), ANDRÉ LOPES (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, mec ha n i sm s, i nteg rat ive se n sors a nd e x pression of neu ropept ides. with the fish body water, distributes evenly into all tissues PORTUGAL), RITA COLEN (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, Furthermore, we determined levels and phosphorylation status of and gets incorporated into hepatic metabolites. Due to PORTUGAL), SOFIA ENGROLA (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, proteins involved in intracellular signalling pathways such as Akt, poor sensitivity, the appearance of 2 H-enrichment from PORTUGAL) AMPK, and mTOR, and the transcription factors BSX, CREB and 2 H O by nuclear magnetic resonance is dependent on abundant FoxO1. T he resu lt s obta i ned a re d i sc u ssed i n t he conte x t of metabol ic 2 samples, but this is compensated by refined positional enrichment [email protected] reg u lat ion of food i nta ke i n fi sh . information. Modern aquaculture is in constant demand for new Early life environmental interventions are a promising way of spec ies subjec ted to va r y i ng d ieta r y for mu lat ion s. Subst it ut i ng a ffec t i ng epige net ic reg u lator y mec ha n i sm s, w it h t he pote nt ia l of marine-derived with vegetable-based ingredients such as starches i mprov i ng g row t h rate, biolog ica l e fficac y, feed ut i l i zat ion e ffic ie ncy or oils has been a priority for the industry to ensure its sustainability, and animal welfare. The possibility of using early programming to bot h econom ic a nd e nv i ron me nta l. Fa r med ca r n ivorou s fi sh u nde r i mprove g ut mat u rat ion a nd d igest ive e ffic ie nc y i n fi sh i n t he shor t these circumstances tend to unbalance energy mobilization and and long-term through nutritional modulation is enormous for the storage by ineffectively using dietary energy, depositing substantial aquac u lt u re sec tor si nce it may i nc rea se produc t ion e ffic ie nc y a nd amounts of lipids and impairing hepatic function. Metabolite 2 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 110 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 111

H-labelling can follow well-defined metabolic steps, and in this conte x t g lucose - 6 -phosphate i s at t he c rossroad of seve ra l metabol ic A4.15 CAN WE PREDICT METABOLIC A4.17 FOOD QUALITY AFFECTS A4.18 HATCHING INTO THE FUTURE: pathways quintessential to understand partitioning of diet-derived ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE? MUSCLE BIOENERGETICS OF SMALL EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND METABOLIC ene rg y : g lycogen storage, i n h ibit ion of g luconeogenesi s a nd i nc rea se of lipogenic potential. Conveniently, de novo lipogenesis can also be PELAGIC FISH PHYSIOLOGY OF A TEMPERATE CATSHARK WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:30 traced by following the incorporation of 2 H i nto d i ffe re nt posit ion s UNDER HIGH CO2 CONDITIONS of triacylglycerol providing biosynthetic rates (for fatty acids and WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:00 NATALIE PILAKOUTA (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED g lyce rol sepa rately) a nd fat t y ac id mod i ficat ion (elongat ion a nd WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:15 desaturation) fluxes. This presentation reviews the latest studies KINGDOM), SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED ELISA THORAL (LABORATOIRE D’ECOLOGIE DES HYDROSYSTÈMES 2 KINGDOM), BJARNI KRISTJÁNSSON (HOLAR UNIVERSITY using H O on several fish species such as European seabass NATURELS ET ANTHROPISÉS, FRANCE), QUENTIN QUEIROS CATARINA CP SANTOS (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL 2 COLLEGE, ICELAND), SKÚLI SKÚLASON (HOLAR UNIVERSITY (Dicentrarchus labrax), barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and rainbow (MARINE BIODIVERSITY EXPLOITATION AND CONSERVATION, SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL), RICARDO LOPES (MARE - COLLEGE, ICELAND), JAN LINDSTRÖM (UNIVERSITY OF trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FRANCE), DAMIEN ROUSSEL (LABORATOIRE D’ECOLOGIE DES MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL), GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), NEIL METCALFE (UNIVERSITY OF HYDROSYSTÈMES NATURELS ET ANTHROPISÉS, FRANCE), MARIA R PEGADO (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), KEVIN PARSONS (UNIVERSITY OF GILBERT DUTTO (IFREMER, FRANCE), ERIC GASSET (MARINE SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL), MARTA PIMENTEL (MARE - GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) BIODIVERSITY EXPLOITATION AND CONSERVATION, FRANCE), MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL), DAVID MCKENZIE (MARINE BIODIVERSITY EXPLOITATION JOSÉ R PAULA (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES A4.14 DINNER TIME ON A FISH FARM: [email protected] ENERGETICS OF MEAL DIGESTION IN AND CONSERVATION, FRANCE), CAROLINE ROMESTAING CENTRE, PORTUGAL), MARIA PAULO (GHENT UNIVERSITY, Given the threat of climate change to biodiversity, there has been (LABORATOIRE D’ECOLOGIE DES HYDROSYSTÈMES NATURELS PORTUGAL), MARTA KONIECZNA (MARE - MARINE AND RAINBOW TROUT UNDER EXTREME CO2 increasing interest in examining the potential for organisms to ET ANTHROPISÉS, FRANCE), CLAIRE SARAUX (MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL), RICARDO adapt to rising temperatures through changes in their physiology BIODIVERSITY EXPLOITATION AND CONSERVATION, FRANCE), CYRNE (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:15 and behaviour. Although studies on plastic (within-generation) LOÏC TEULIER (LABORATOIRE D’ECOLOGIE DES HYDROSYSTÈMES PORTUGAL), RUI ROSA (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL responses to temperature are rapidly accumulating, studies on NATURELS ET ANTHROPISÉS, FRANCE) SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL) WILLIAM G DAVISON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED the long-term (evolutionary) responses to climate change are KINGDOM), ROD WILSON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, st i l l lac k i ng. Yet, t he abi l it y to pred ic t evolut iona r y respon ses to [email protected] [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM) temperature changes is of central importance for conservation In the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean Sea, there has been a steady Sharks are a key element in today’s oceans, playing crucial efforts. To address this gap in our knowledge, we have taken decrease in total biomass of European sardines, Sardina pilchardus functional roles in marine ecosystems. Nonetheless, and despite [email protected] adva ntage of a nat u ra l e x pe r i ment i n Icela nd , whe re f reshwate r since 2007. Overfishing, predation pressure and pathogens have their long and successful evolutionary history, shark populations populations of threespine sticklebacks are found in waters warmed With the rapid expansion of the aquaculture industry and the already been discounted as explanatory factors. To test a “bottom- have been plu m met i ng over t he past decades due to over fi sh i ng by geothermal activity (warm habitats), adjacent to populations need for even greater future growth, there is an increasing need to up” hypothesis linked to a change in the plankton community, and habitat degradation. Ocean acidification, a major consequence in ambient-temperature lakes (cold habitats). Fish living in these opt i m i se cond it ion s w it h i n fi sh fa r m s to i mprove produc t iv it y a nd towards smaller species, sardines were reared for 7 months on of rising CO emissions, may represent another challenge to warm and cold habitats have been experiencing contrasting 2 sustainability. One area for improvement is optimising factors that four diets, comprising combinations of small or large pellets in this group. In the present study, we investigated the potential temperatures for hundreds to thousands of years. Using this a ffec t d igest ive processes a nd t he refore fi sh g row t h . Despite good small or large quantities. The effects were studied at different impact of ocean acidification (pCO ~900 µatm | Δ - 0.3 pH units) u n ique st udy syste m , we i nvest igated t he e ffec t s of te mpe rat u re 2 reg u lat ion of d i ssolved ox ygen , t he h ig h stoc k i ng den sit ies i n fi sh levels of integration, from whole-organism to sub-cellular levels. across the embryogenesis and juvenile metabolic physiology on standard and maximum metabolic rate, fat storage, and farms inevitably leads to a build-up of CO (hypercarbia) to levels far Only sardines fed with large quantities of large pellets showed of a temperate benthic shark, Scyliorhinus canicula. In order to 2 thermoregulatory behaviour. i n e xcess of a ny t h i ng most fi sh wou ld see i n t he w i ld . Fi sh a re able positive growth and above average body condition, linked to high investigate the effects of early exposure, recently laid embr yos to tolerate acute hypercarbia by retaining bicarbonate ions in their mitochondrial respiration rates. By contrast, the three other groups were reared in either control or high CO2 conditions and, once pla sma to restore blood pH i n a phe nome na te r med “compe n sated of sa rd i nes e x h ibited a lowe r g row t h rate (up to - 87%) a nd a poor body hatched, individuals incubated under high CO2 were redistributed respiratory acidosis”. However, this disturbed acid-base state is condition (up to -25%). This was associated with reduced maximal bet ween bot h t reat ment s. Bot h embr yon ic development [na mely (i) likely to interact with the acid-base processes associated with A4.16 ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES uncoupled respiration in red muscle mitochondria (-28%), but a embryogenesis duration, (ii) hatching success; (iii) embryo activity, meal digestion, specifically a pronounced blood alkalosis (the FOR ESTIMATING ENERGY METABOLISM bet te r coupl i ng e ffic ie nc y i n te r m s of AT P produced pe r molec u leof a nd (iv) g row t h rate] a nd juve n i le metabol i sm [spec i fica l ly t hei r (iv) “a l ka l i ne t ide”). I n fi sh t h i s occ u rs due to stomac h ox y ntopept ic cel l s OF FREE-ROAMING FISHES oxygen consumed (+32%) for sardines that received small pellets. rout i ne metabol ic rate, v) ma x i mu m metabol ic rate, a nd (v i) ae robic secreting bicarbonate ions into the blood to balance their secretion Howeve r, t he ma x i mu m rates of ox ygen con su mpt ion (+36%) a nd scope] we re eva luated . O ve ra l l, t he re we re no sig n i fica nt c ha nges of acid into the stomach lumen. We hypothesise that the elevated AT P sy nt hesi s (+37%) we re h ig he r i n fi sh fed on la rge pel let s. O u r in neither their early development nor their metabolic physiology, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:45 blood bicarbonate level during compensated respiratory acidosis results show that, although both size and quantity of food particles regardless of early exposure to high CO2 levels. While this study will interact with the alkaline tide and influence postprandial had strong impacts on growth and body condition, only food size highlights the potential coping capacity of sharks towards ocean TIMOTHY D CLARK (DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) metabolism. Here we present data on the impact of environmental affected mitochondrial bioenergetics. Despite cellular plasticity acidification, the multiple and unpreceded pressures placed upon hypercarbia and the alkaline tide on the energetic cost of meal lead i ng to more e ffic ie nt a nd econom ic metabol i sm i n sa rd i nes fed this group have the potential to forfeit their inherent resilience. [email protected] d igest ion (i.e. t he spec i fic dy na m ic ac t ion , SDA) a nd whole a n i ma l small food particles, a decline in plankton size likely plays a role in Hence, f u r t he r resea rc h rega rd i ng d i ffe rent a spec t s of t hei r biolog y acid-base fluxes. T he field of ecolog ica l energet ics has t he potent ia l to cont r ibute the reduction of sardine biomass in the wild. and the numerous threats of the near-future is necessary to safely sig n i fica nt ly to ou r u nde rsta nd i ng of how fi shes respond to nat u ra l foretell the fortune of this group. and anthropogenic environmental challenges. A critical step in this process is to apply data from controlled experiments to fishes in their nat u ra l env i ron ment, yet t h i s step of ten represent s a sig n i fica nt challenge. Bio-logging and bio-telemetry offer opportunities to bridge the gap between lab- and field-based research, test lab- derived hypotheses, and gain a more thorough understanding of animal-environment interactions. Fish energetics encompasses the acquisition and usage of energy, the former via food and the latter via several pathways including activity, digestion, reproduction and growth. Single-sensor technology is unlikely to provide a complete picture of the energy budget, whereas a combination of sensors (e.g., heart rate, acceleration, temperature, pressure) may enable a more comprehensive and accurate assessment. In this presentation, I will d i sc u ss t he ca l ibrat ion a nd va l idat ion of metabol ic data aga i n st field- mea su rable prox ies, a nd t he ava i lable tec h nolog ies for est i mat i ng t he e ne rget ics of f ree -roa m i ng fi shes. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 112 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 113

t h i s st udy we eva luated t he e ffec t of i nt rape r itonea l i njec t ion s of A4.19 IMPACTS OF ELEVATED CO2 two anorexigenic factors, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like A4.22 COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR A4.23 THE EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC pept ide 1 (GL P1), a lone or toget he r w it h a spec i fic 5H T antagonist LEVELS ON LARVAL FISH DEVELOPMENT 2C MEASURING METABOLIC RATE AND AMPKα2 ON THE HEPATIC METABOLISM on food intake and brain neuropeptides related to its control. The - A COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT content of 5H T a nd it s ma i n ox idat ive metabol ite we re mea su red EVIDENCE OF METABOLIC DIURNAL REGULATION IN RAINBOW TROUT COMMERCIAL FISH SPECIES by HPLC. In addition, mRNA abundance of npy, cartpt, pomca1, RHYTHM IN LARVAL LAKE STURGEON ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS IS NOT and agrp1 and tph1 and tph2 were quantified by RT-qPCR. Both (ACIPENSER FULVESCENS) APPARENTLY DEPENDENT ON WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:30 CCK and GLP1 inhibited food intake, which was prevented by the ADRENERGIC SIGNALS administration of the 5HT antagonist. Besides, an increase in the 2C WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION ANDREA Y FROMMEL (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, serotonergic activity was detected after both treatments, matching up w it h h ig he r m R NA abu nda nce of a nore x igen ic neu ropept ides. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION CANADA), COLIN J BRAUNER (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH W GARY ANDERSON (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), COLUMBIA, CANADA), SIMON NICOL (UNIVERSITY OF Moreover, changes in the neuropeptides transcripts were partially GWANGSEOK YOON (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), MARTA CONDE-SIEIRA (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA), DARRON M PARSONS (UNIVERSITY OF prevented by 5HT2C antagonism. All together, these results suggest FORREST BJORNSON (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), SARA COMESAÑA (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), ADRIÁN AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND), STEPHEN M J PETHER (NATIONAL t hat t he sat iat ion e ffec t i nduced by CC K a nd GL P1 m ig ht be, at lea st DAVID DESLAURIERS (FRESHWATER INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT DÍAZ-RÚA (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), ROSA M. CEINOS INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, NEW partially, mediated through the brain serotonergic neurons in OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS, CANADA) (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), ROSA ÁLVAREZ-OTERO ZEALAND), ALVIN N SETIAWAN (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER rainbow trout. (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), JOSÉ LUIS SOENGAS AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH, NEW ZEALAND), NEVILLE SMITH [email protected] (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN) (OCEANIC FISHERIES PROGRAMME PACIFIC COMMUNITY, NEW CALEDONIA), PHILIP L MUNDAY (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, Developme nt of metabol ic phe not y pes i n fi shes du r i ng ea rly l i fe [email protected] AUSTRALIA) A4.21 THE INTRASPECIFIC ALLOMETRY h istor y helps in pred icting how, and t he ex tent to wh ich, fish OF GILL SURFACE AREA AND METABOLIC m ig ht respond to ox yge n de ma nd s late r i n l i fe. I nte r m it te nt flow In a previous study with rainbow trout, we demonstrated that [email protected] respirometry is frequently used to measure oxygen consumption hy pot ha la m ic i n h ibit ion of A M PKα2 resulted in decreased levels RATE IN FISHES a s a prox y for metabol ic rate i n teleost s a nd rece nt tec h nolog ica l of food intake and depressed hepatic metabolism of glucose, lipids Excess anthropogenic CO emissions are causing global ocean 2 adva nces a l low for t he a ssessment of ox ygen con su mpt ion at a nd a m i no acids. In t he present study, we eva luated if t he effect wa r m i ng, a s wel l a s ocea n ac id i ficat ion . Si m i la rly, i n aquac u lt u re WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 12:00 particularly early life history stages, including fast growing of central AMPKα2 on liver metabolism might be mediated by elevated CO levels of ten occu r at h igh fish densit ies, especia l ly 2 la r va l fi sh . I n t he prese nt st udy we have eva luated mea su re me nt adrenergic signals from the brain to the liver, as has been observed in i n rec i rc u lat i ng system s. T he ea rly l i fe stages of ma r i ne fi sh a re HANNA SCHEUFFELE (DEAKIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), techniques for forced maximum metabolic rate (FMR) and ma m ma ls. T he refore, we i nduced t he i n h ibit ion of A M PK e x pression especially vulnerable to suboptimal rearing conditions with high FREDRIK JUTFELT (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE standard metabolic rate (SMR) in Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser in rainbow trout hypothalamus by intracerebroventricular mortalities and changes in growth rates most documented. However, AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), TIMOTHY D CLARK (DEAKIN fulvescens) t h roug hout t he fi rst yea r of l i fe. Sta nda rd i sed c ha se i nject ion of adenov i ra l vectors t hat ex press dom i na nt negat ive already at sublethal concentrations of CO , we have found damage 2 UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) protocols to assess FMR were conducted for 5 or 15 min before or AMPKα2 i sofor m s ( DN-A M PKα2). Simultaneously, we inhibited to different organs as a response to elevated CO in larvae of several 2 after SMR was recorded. In the youngest cohort measured (< 15 the adrenergic function in liver by i.p. administration of α and species of commercially important marine fish. In this talk, I will [email protected] days post-hatc h) t he re wa s l it t le d i sce r nable d i ffe re nce bet wee n β adrenergic antagonists, such as phentolamine (1 mg/kg) and compare the results from d i fferent species of marine fish lar vae SMR and FMR regardless of when or for how long the standard propranolol (2 mg/kg), respectively. The presence of the injected e x posed to elevated CO levels and predict why some species might be Ma ny ec tot he r m s have show n a reduc t ion i n ma x i mu m body si ze 2 chase protocol was conducted, however, as fish aged (~5 months adenovirus in the hypothalamic areas has been demonstrated by more vulnerable than others, both in terms of global climate change in the last decades in parallel with climate warming. Indeed, some post-hatch) FMR was clearly differentiated from SMR. Diurnal immunohistochemical analyses. The results obtained demonstrate as well as for aquaculture applications. models forecast a maximum body size decline of 14-24% by 2050 variation of metabolic rate was also evident 5 months post-hatch. t hat t he ce nt ra l i n h ibit ion of A M PKα2 leads to a decrease of food for nu me rou s fi sh spec ies. T he re a re seve ra l hy pot heses about t he Opercular beat and tail undulation behaviours were recorded intake levels and to an overall decrease of metabolic parameters in physiological mechanisms causing the observed maximum body size by video and compared to the metabolic rates over a 24 h period. plasma and liver, which is in agreement with the results obtained in reduction with temperature (also known as the temperature size rule; Changes in SMR were particularly evident at periods of dawn and a previous study. In general, the presence of adrenergic antagonists TSR) in fishes. The gill oxygen limitation (GOL) hypothesis is perhaps A4.20 THE CENTRAL SEROTONERGIC dusk but there was no strong correlation between SMR and the did not modify the effect of central administration of DN-AMPKα2 the most influential, implicating oxygen uptake limitation in driving SYSTEM IS INVOLVED IN THE mea su red be hav iou rs. Data prese nted w i l l a id i n u nde rsta nd i ng on the hepatic metabolism, suggesting that the adrenergic system t he TSR . Cu r re nt sc ie nt i fic d i sc u ssion s, howeve r, de mon st rate a development of metabolic phenotypes throughout the first could be playing a marginal role on the transmission of the metabolic ANOREXIGENIC EFFECT OF CCK AND clear need for a synthesis of existing empirical evidence to test the year of life toward improved conservation aquaculture of this information from the hypothalamus to the liver mediated by GLP1 IN RAINBOW TROUT. THE ROLE fundamental assumptions of the GOL hypothesis. We therefore imperiled species. AMPKα2. Therefore, another system, as the parasympathetic, could performed a meta-analysis of the intraspecific allometry of gill OF 5HT2C RECEPTORS be more implicated in the mediation of the hypothalamic AMPKα2 su r face a rea (GSA) a nd metabol ic rate ( M R), fi nd i ng eig ht fi sh spec ies in the brain-liver interplay. for which both sets of data were available. The scaling exponents WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:45 indicate a high interspecific variability, which could be used to pred ic t spec ies of most conce r n i f ox yge n l i m itat ion i s i ndeed t he MAURO CHIVITE (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), FATEMEH underlying driver of the TSR. We advocate for more empirical studies NADERI (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), ROSA M CEINOS investigating body mass scaling and the temperature dependence A4.24 INSULIN MODULATES GLUCOSE (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), CRISTINA VELASCO of metabolic rate and gill surface area. Moreover, there is a clear need AND FATTY ACID SENSING SYSTEMS IN (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), MARCOS A LÓPEZ- to investigate the generality to accurately forecast the impacts of PATIÑO (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN), JESÚS M MÍGUEZ THE RAINBOW TROUT BRAIN IN VITRO future warming scenarios. (UNIVERSIDADE DE VIGO, SPAIN) WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION [email protected] AYELÉN M BLANCO (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN), Serotonin (5HT) is a neurotransmitter synthesized from tryptophan JUAN I BERTUCCI (UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA), through two enzymatic steps. 5HT is stored in the neuronal endings CRISTINA VELASCO (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN), and once these are activated it is released into the synaptic cleft, SURAJ UNNIAPPAN (UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA), binding to pre- and post-synaptic receptors. An inverse relationship JOSÉ L SOENGAS (UNIVERSITY OF VIGO, SPAIN) bet ween cent ra l se roton i n a nd food i nta ke wa s proposed i n fi sh . Spec i fica l ly, t he ac t ivat ion of 5H T and 5HT receptors inhibits 2C 1A [email protected] food intake and upregulates the expression of anorexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides. Food intake is a complex process Glucose a nd fat t y ac id sen si ng system s a re subjec t to a n i mpor ta nt that involves pre- and post-prandial factors, the latter integrated endocrine modulation by insulin in mammals. However, the at the hypothalamic feeding circuits to induce satiation. One of the i n su l i n reg u lat ion of nut r ient sen si ng mec ha n i sm s i n fi sh i s sca rce signalling pathways might be the central serotonergic system. In a nd cont roversia l. Th is study a i ms to cla r if y t he i nsu l i n effects ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 114 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 115

on glucose and fatty acid sensing systems in the brain of rainbow mass – BM) with meal sizes >1% BM having a pronounced effect on trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)in vitro. Cultured hypothalamus A4.26 EXPLORE THE UMAMI FLAVOR numerous SDA parameters, whereas mullet appeared to consume A4.29 BUILDING FISH RESILIENCE and hindbrain were exposed to 1 µM bovine insulin for 3 h, and IN TILAPIA MUSCLE: GLUTAMATE- more l i m ited rat ion si zes (≤1.0 % BM ). I n bot h spec ies, rat ion s ≤1% BM VIA NUTRITION parameters involved in appetite regulation and nutrient sensing produced si m i la r c ha nges i n SDA pa ra mete rs ide nt i f y i ng compa rable mechanisms were measured. Additionally, the involvement of GLUTAMINE METABOLISM UNDER digestive bio-energetics. Overall, our metabolic characterisations THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) OSMOTIC CHALLENGES demonstrate that both species can adjust to the variable temperate signaling pathway in the actions of insulin was studied by using environmental temperatures and manage the energetic costs SOFIA ENGROLA (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES (CCMAR), the selective inhibitor wortmannin. Both glucose and fatty acid WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION of digestion and feed assimilation. Yet, despite these general PORTUGAL), MARIA JOÃO XAVIER (CENTRE OF MARINE sensing systems were activated in the rainbow trout brain in similarities, YEM had greater physiological capacities to compensate SCIENCES (CCMAR), PORTUGAL), RENATA GONÇALVES (CENTRE respon se to i n su l i n , a s ev ide nced by dec rea sed A M PK level s a nd for te mpe rat u re e x t re mes t ha n we re obse r ved i n snappe r. YU-CHUN WANG (FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE COA TAIWAN, OF MARINE SCIENCES (CCMAR), PORTUGAL), RITA COLEN increased mRNA and/or protein expression of GK, PK, G6Pase, TAIWAN), HONG-YUAN WANG (NATIONAL TAIWAN NORMAL (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES (CCMAR), PORTUGAL), LUISA T1R 3, FAT/C D36, PPA Rα, PPARγ and mTOR in the hypothalamus UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), POU-LONG KUAN (ACADEMIA SINICA, MP VALENTE (CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE INVESTIGAÇO and/or hindbrain. The decreased activity of ACLY and FAS by TAIWAN), YUNG-CHE TSENG (ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIWAN) MARINHA E AMBIENTAL (CIIMAR), PORTUGAL), RUI JM ROCHA insulin support our observation. Furthermore,npywas reduced A4.28 EFFECTS OF POST-FEEDING (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), LUIS EC CONCEIÇÃO butcartwas enhanced in the hypothalamus and hindbrain, pointing YC WA N G @ M A IL.TFRIN.G O V.T W METABOLISM ON AIR-BREATHING (SPAROS LDA., PORTUGAL) to a n a nore x igen ic potent ia l. Most of t he i n su l i n- evoked va r iat ion s In tilapia aquaculture, the transfer of the fish to hyperosmotic in mRNA and protein levels described above were abolished by FREQUENCY IN seawater (SW) is one of the essential steps for diminishing [email protected] preincubation with wortmannin. This suggests that insulin u ndesi rable flavor i n mu sc le t i ssue. I n t h i s st udy, Moza mbique t i lapia actions on the rainbow trout brain are at least in part mediated by WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Nutrition shapes the individual physiological pathways at (Oreochromis mossambicus) was applied to investigate glutamate/ t he PI 3K /A k t sig na l i ng pat hway. T h i s st udy add s new i n sig ht s on early stages, resulting in long-term effects on juvenile growth glutamine-related metabolism in muscle under various salinity our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating nutrient sensing and EMMANUELLE CHRÉTIEN (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL, CANADA), and physiological functions. The importance of nutritional treatments. Transcript expressions of glutamate-ammonia ligase appet ite i n fi sh . SHAUN S KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) status in regulating protein metabolism and muscle growth is (GLUL) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) in muscle were widely accepted, and macronutrients role is clearly implicated in found to be signi ficantly increased in 10 ‰ SW. In add ition, the [email protected] ve r tebrates’ developme nta l prog ra m m i ng. G row t h pla st ic it y i n fi sh contents of glutamine and other amino acids in muscle were found implies an adaptive responsiveness of muscle growth to changing to be i nc rea sed i n bot h 10 a nd 20 ‰ S W. I n cont ra st , t he a m mon ia Hy pox ia com mon ly occ u rs i n nat u ra l habitat s a nd fi sh have evolved + + environmental like temperature and nutrition. The rates of protein A4.25 IS NA /K -ATPASE ACTIVITY conte nt s i n mu sc le we re not appa re nt ly a ffec ted by d i ffe re nt S W a nu mbe r of physiolog ica l respon ses to cope w it h va r iat ion i n ox ygen synthesis and degradation in muscle cell are tightly regulated as INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF FOOD conditions. These results inferred that the glutamine accumulated in availability. However, prolonged exposure to hypoxia can negatively even a small increase in synthesis or small reduction in degradation, muscle may be generated by the coupling of glutamate with ammonia a ffec t g row t h t h roug h e ffec t s on metabol i sm a nd t he capac it yto INTAKE IN RAINBOW TROUT THROUGH if sustained, may result in a marked accretion of muscle. Several following 10 ‰ SW treatment. These physiological strategy utilized budget energy use. Previous studies have revealed that, in fishes, BRAIN GLUCOSENSING MECHANISMS? dietary strategies, like antioxidants supplementation, tailored by aquaculture tilapia muscle under hyperosmotic stress would hy pox ia may reduce appet ite, a ssi m i lat ion e ffic ienc y, a nd prolong amino acid and/or fatty acid profiles for specific events, can cause the accumulation of amino acids and further induce the t he i nc rea se i n ox yge n de ma nd requ i red a f te r feed i ng. Seve ra l fi sh maximise protein accretion, improve metabolic plasticity, and THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION “ u ma m i” flavor of hu ma n ta ste. species are obligatory or facultative air-breathers, which allows reduce stress while increasing fish resilience. In this context, the them to obtain oxygen directly from the air through accessory objective of the present study is to elucidate how dietar y amino CRISTINA OTERO-RODIÑO (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO, SPAIN), respiratory organs. Although air-breathing allows these fish to acid and antioxidant supplementation in fish diets may modulate ROSA ÁLVAREZ-OTERO (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO, SPAIN), obta i n more ox ygen , su r fac i ng a lso comes w it h en ha nced r i sk of protein accretion and oxidative status under challenging CRISTINA VELASCO (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO, SPAIN), MAURO predation from terrestrial and aerial predators. In this study, we A4.27 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE temperature conditions. CHIVITE (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO, SPAIN), MARCOS A LÓPEZ- AND MEAL SIZE ON THE AEROBIC SCOPE i nvest igated t he e ffec t s of hy pox ia on a i r breat h i ng be hav iou r a nd PATIÑO (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO, SPAIN), JOSÉ L SOENGAS metabol i sm of bron ze cor ydora s cat fi sh (Corydoras aeneus). These (UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO, SPAIN) AND SPECIFIC DYNAMIC ACTION OF facultative air breathers use their posterior intestine as accessory TWO NEW ZEALAND FINFISH respiratory organ. We measured air breathing frequency and gill [email protected] ventilation rates of corydoras before and after feeding in normoxia and hypoxia. Experiments were done in groups of 4 fish, which In mammals Na+ /K+ -ATPase (NKA) has been demonstrated to THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION allowed us to also explore if the social environment influences be involved in the regulation of food intake. To evaluated this air breathing behaviour. Our results provide insight into the hy pot hesi s i n fi sh , we obse r ved i n a fi rst e x pe r i me nt w it h ra i nbow TOMISLAV FLIKAC (UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW physiolog ica l adva ntages of a i r-breat h i ng i n t hese fi sh i n hy pox ic trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that intracerebroventricular (ICV) ZEALAND), DENHAM G COOK (THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE FOR conditions, which are expected to increase in frequency, abundance treatment with 0.05 μg/μL ouabain decreased food intake. PLANT FOOD RESEARCH LIMITED, NEW ZEALAND), WILLIAM and severity due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. We hypothesized that this anorectic effect might relate to the DAVISON (UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND) modulation of glucosensing systems in brain areas involved in the regulation of food intake in the same species (hypothalamus, [email protected] hindbrain, and telencephalon). Therefore, we evaluated in a second Shallow coastal and estuarine habitats function as nurseries for e x pe r i me nt, t he e ffec t of IC V ad m i n i st rat ion of ouaba i n , bot h i n t he many juvenile fish, but adaptations to their physico-chemical abse nce or i n t he prese nce of 4 0 μ g /μ L g lucose, on N K A ac t iv it y, features may differ substantially. In this comparative study m R NA abu nda nce of d i ffe rent N K A subu n it s, pa ra mete rs related to metabolic profiles of two New Zealand finfish, snapperChrysophrys ( glucosensing, transcription factors and neuropeptides in brain areas auratus) a nd yel low- eyed mu l let – Y E M ( Aldrichetta forsteri) that involved in the control of food intake. In general, we observed that as juveniles share the same temperate coastal environments, were ouaba i n t reat ment el ic ited a n i n h ibit ion of N K A ac t iv it y a nd m R NA e xa m i ned . Metabol ic pa ra mete rs (rout i ne a nd ma x i mu m metabol ic abu nda nce of spec i fic i sofor m s of N Kα subunit suggesting a role for rates, a nd spec i fic dy na m ic ac t ion – SDA) we re i nvest igated at a set N K A i n reg u lat ion of food i nta ke con fi r med by t he a norec t ic e ffec t of temperatures (13, 17, 21°C) representing the range juveniles of of ouaba i n t reat ment. T he a norec t ic e ffec t of ouaba i n i s opposed to bot h spec ies a n nua l ly e x per ience. SDA was a lso deter m i ned for t he ore x igen ic e ffec t repor ted i n ma m ma ls. T he spec i fic it y of t he a ra nge of d i ffe rent feed rat ion s to i nvest igate t he e ffec t s of mea l response is supported by the lack of comparable changes in other size on postprandial metabolic response. Temperature was a strong brain areas not involved in food intake control such as cerebellum modu lator of snappe r ae robic scope (A S) a nd SDA profi le, whe rea s or midbrain. In general, since NKA is inhibited by ouabain, the Y E M SDA pa ra mete rs we re la rgely u na ffec ted when tempe rat u re d i ffe rence i n food i nta ke respon se m ig ht relate to t he ac t iv it y of increased from 17 to 21°C, revealing that temperature differently glucosensing as well as downstream mechanisms involved in the a ffec ted t he ae robic capac it ies a nd SDA of t he t wo spec ies. Snappe r regulation of food intake in rainbow trout. were able to consume a large range of meal sizes (0.5-3.0% body ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 116 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 117

metabolism. In fact, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty A4.30 ISOSMOTIC ENVIRONMENT A4.31 HIGHLY SUBSTITUTED FISH OIL A4.32 PALMITOYLETHANOLAMIDE (PEA) acids (FA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to IMPROVES GROWTH RATES THROUGH DIETS AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AS A SATIETY SIGNAL IN GOLDFISH i mprove fi sh robu st ness by reduc i ng fat acc u mu lat ion a nd metabol ic dysreg u lat ion s. I n t he present st udy, fi sh a rou nd 4g we re fed si x A MORE EFFICIENT INTESTINE AND A AFFECT GROWTH AND LIPID (CARASSIUS AURATUS) e x pe r i me nta l d iet s; conta i n i ng nor ma l ( N F ) or h ig h-fat ( H F ) level s, METABOLIC ORCHESTRATION IN THE METABOLISM IN GILTHEAD SEA BREAM plus normal leucine (NL) or high leucine levels (HL), with or without GILTHEAD SEA BREAM (SPARUS AURATA) WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION DHA supplementation. After 2 months, no significant effects were THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION found on growth rates and condition factor. However, fish fed ESTHER ISORNA (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND the HF diets presented higher body lipid and lower protein levels, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION ISABEL NAVARRO (DEPARTMENT OF CELL BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV whereas fish fed the NF diets showed less lipid levels but higher MADRID, SPAIN), MIGUEL GÓMEZ-BORONAT (DEPT OF amount of protein. Furthermore, fish fed the HF+HL diet showed JUAN MIGUEL MANCERA (DPT. OF BIOLOGY FACULTY OF MARINE AND IMMUNOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, FAC OF BIOLOGY, i nc rea sed hepatosomat ic i nde x compa red to t hose fed a N F d iet . D iet s AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ, BARCELONA, SPAIN), NATÀLIA RIERA-HEREDIA (DEPARTMENT COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN), NURIA DE PEDRO containing DHA and HF levels, appeared to increase whole body SPAIN), PAULA SIMÓ-MIRABET (NUTRIGENOMICS AND FISH OF CELL BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, FACULTY (DEPT OF GENETICS, PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY, protein levels as well as reduce body fat and plasma triglyceride and GROWTH ENDOCRINOLOGY GROUP INST. OF AQUACULTURE OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), ALBERT FAC OF BIOLOGY, COMPLUTENSE UNIV MADRID, SPAIN) cholesterol levels, suggesting a beneficial effect of DHA on regulating TORRE DE LA SAL (IATS-CSIC), SPAIN), PAULA SIMÓ- SÁNCHEZ-MOYA (DEPARTMENT OF CELL BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY protein and FA metabolism in this species. Overall, these results MIRABET (NUTRIGENOMICS AND FISH GROWTH ENDOCRINOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF [email protected] prov ide a bet ter u ndersta nd i ng about t he i mpor ta nce of DH A i n GROUP INST. OF AQUACULTURE TORRE DE LA SAL (IATS- BARCELONA, SPAIN), RAMON FONTANILLAS (SKRETTING, unbalanced diets and the interaction between dietary amino acids CSIC), SPAIN), CAROLINA BALMACEDA-AGUILERA (DPT. OF NORWAY), JOAQUIM GUTIÉRREZ (DEPARTMENT OF CELL Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an N-acylethanolamine involved and FA in Atlantic salmon metabolism. BIOLOGY FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, FACULTY OF BIOLOGY in a variety of functions in mammals, including feeding regulation. UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ, SPAIN), NEDA GILANNEJAD (INST. UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), ENCARNACIÓN CAPILLA Howeve r, t he possible role of PE A on e ne rg y homeosta si s ha s not DE CIENCIAS MARINAS DE ANDALUCÍA CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE (DEPARTMENT OF CELL BIOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, been a ssessed i n fi sh yet. To st udy t h i s quest ion , gold fi sh (Carassius INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS (ICMAN-CSIC), SPAIN), FACULTY OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA, SPAIN) auratus) were i nt raper itonea l ly ( I P) i njected w it h PE A (20 μg/g LILIANA RODRÍGUEZ-VELASQUEZ (DPT. OF BIOLOGY FACULTY body weight) and food intake was quantified at 2, 6 and 8 h post- OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF [email protected] i njec t ion . PE A sig n i fica nt ly dec rea sed food i nta ke at 6 h (37%) a nd 8 CÁDIZ, SPAIN), JAUME PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ (NUTRIGENOMICS AND I n add it ion to t he long-te r m need to subst it ute fi sh mea l a nd fi sh oi l h (50 %) post-i njec t ion . To i nvest igate t he possible feed i ng reg u lators FISH GROWTH ENDOCRINOLOGY GROUP INST. OF AQUACULTURE in aquafeeds for more sustainable alternatives such as those from implicated in this anorectic effect, goldfish were IP injected with TORRE DE LA SAL (IATS-CSIC), SPAIN), GONZALO MARTÍNEZ- plant sources, fish farming has to face new challenges regarding the PE A , a nd m R NA abu nda nce of feed i ng reg u lators we re mea su red RODRÍGUEZ (INST. DE CIENCIAS MARINAS DE ANDALUCÍA i nc rea si ng world popu lat ion a nd g loba l wa r m i ng. I n t h i s conte x t, t he at 6 h post-injection. Among all analysed genes, a decrease in the CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS physiolog ica l e ffec t s of t h ree d iet s w it h pa r t ia l subst it ut ion of fi sh expression of the hypothalamic npy and an increase of the hepatic (ICMAN-CSIC), SPAIN), JUAN ANTONIO MARTOS-SITCHA (DPT. oi l by vegetable oi l s, pa l m , rapeseed , or bot h i n juve n i le g i lt head sea leptin aI were observed. Next, we compared the PEA content in OF BIOLOGY FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES bream (Sparus aurata) rea red at t wo d i ffe re nt te mpe rat u res (21 a nd bra i n a nd i ntest i ne i n fed (1-h post pra nd ia l) a nd fa st i ng (25 h) fi sh , UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ, SPAIN) 28 °C) have been eva luated . T he resu lt s showed sig n i fica nt ly lowe r resulting in augmented levels in intestine, but no modifications fi na l weig ht, weig ht ga i n , tota l le ng t h a nd v i sce rosomat ic i nde x , but in the hypothalamus, supporting the role of PEA as a peripheral [email protected] i nc rea sed hepatosomat ic i nde x i n fi sh g row n at 21 °C when compa red satiety signal. Finally, we analysed the effect of a chronic (10 day) to the high temperature group fed the same palm oil diet, whereas PE A t reat me nt on d i ffe re nt biomet r ic pa ra mete rs a nd locomotor The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is an euryhaline teleost d i ffe rences whe re not fou nd a mong 28 °C-held fi sh i ndependent ly ac t iv it y. PE A t reat me nt reduced body weig ht ga i n , spec i fic g row t h species with an unmatched capacity for osmoregulatory adaptation. of the diet. Furthermore, histological analyses evidenced rate and nutritional index compared to control fish. Moreover, a Moreove r, e nv i ron me nta l sa l i n it ies t hat d i ffe r f rom t he i nte r na l d i ffe rences i n l ipid acc u mu lat ion depend i ng on tempe rat u re a nd d iet significant reduction (25%) in the daily general locomotor activity milieu produce a great energetic cost to regulate active ion composit ion , w it h t he fi sh fed t he d iet conta i n i ng pa l m a nd rapeseed a nd a pronou nced dec rea se ( 76%) i n t he feed i ng-related locomotor transport. The present study evaluates, in an 11-weeks feeding trial oils presenting more adipocytes of smaller area. Additionally, the activity was found after chronic PEA treatment. Altogether, using a RAS system, the effect of three different environmental lower triglyceride plasma levels of 28 °C-reared fish together with resu lt s i nd icate for t he fi rst t i me i n fi sh t hat PE A ca n be i nvolved i n salinities (brackish water, BW: 18 ppt; seawater, SW: 37 ppt; and t he c ha nges obse r ved i n gene e x pression i n ad ipose t i ssue a nd l ive r the energy homeostasis regulation, suggesting a potential role as a high salinity water, HSW: 55 ppt) on osmoregulatory capacity, of fi sh fed t he d iet w it h pa l m a nd rapeseed oi ls, i nd icated i nc rea sed peripheral satiety signal. growth performance, stress processes and metabolism in S. aurata lipid mobilization and oxidation in this condition. Overall, the juveniles (~7 g initial mean body mass). Plasma osmolality did present data i nd icate t hat t he subst it ut ion of d ieta r y fi sh- de r ived not show sig n i fica nt d i ffe re nces a mong t he t h ree e x pe r i me nta l raw mate r ia ls for g i lt head sea brea m ha s to be fi ne -t u ned i n a f ut u re groups, demonstrating the good osmoregulatory acclimation of scenario of climate change in order to achieve proper growth fish despite the wide range of environmental osmolalities assayed A4.33 INTERACTION BETWEEN DHA, and physiological status of the fish. Supported by MINECO (500-1720 mOsm/kg). Even so, the metabolic orchestration LEUCINE, AND HIGH-FAT DIETS ON AGL2014-57974-R, AGL2017-89436-R and Generalitat de Catalunya related to glucose, triglycerides and lactate confirms a clear energy 2017SGR 1574. GROWTH AND CENTRAL METABOLIC repartitioning at hepatic and muscular levels, indicating that the PATHWAYS IN ATLANTIC SALMON higher energy budget invested for osmoregulatory function produces a salinity-dependent reduction in growth-related parameters. In this JUVENILES rega rd , BW-acc l i mated fi sh en ha nced feed i nta ke a nd feed e ffic ienc y when compa red to fi sh kept u nde r hy pe rosmot ic (S W a nd H S W ) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION environments, which is translated into better growth rates. All t hese feat u res ca n be at t r ibuted to a shor te r ( BW < S W ≤ H S W ) but ESMAIL LUTFI (NOFIMA, NORWAY), MARTA BOU (NOFIMA, more spec i fic i ntest i ne for nut r it iona l pu r poses. Fi na l ly, i mpor ta nt NORWAY), IDA CATHRINE SANDLI (NOFIMA, NORWAY), GERD stress-related markers at hypothalamic (corticotrophin releasing BERGE (NOFIMA, NORWAY), TONE-KARI ØSTBYE (NOFIMA, hormone, crh binding protein), hypophyseal (proopiomelanocortin NORWAY), BENTE RUYTER (NOFIMA, NORWAY) a and b) and plasma (cortisol) levels will be unraveled as putative endocrine mediators of the metabolic and osmoregulatory capacity [email protected] of acc l i mated fi sh . Reducing the dietary protein-to-lipid ratio in Atlantic salmon diets appears to increase the risk of fat accumulation in internal organs, which can have a negative impact on fish health and quality. In addition, not only the amount of lipid in the diets but also t he composit ion of d ieta r y fat s ca n have a major e ffec t on sa l mon ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 118 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 119

populations and genotypes. Compared to rural animals, urban A5 CLOCKS FOR THE CITY: Daphnia evolved along the slow-to-fast pace-of-life continuum A5.5 CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES coinciding with faster maturation, smaller sizes at maturity, higher OF THE INCREASINGLY NOCTURNAL HOW URBAN ENVIRONMENTS reproductive output and higher intrinsic population growth rates. LIVES OF EXURBAN CARNIVORES Additionally, urban animals have higher concentrations of fat, protei n , a nd ca rbohyd rates but l i m ited upreg u lat ion of a nt iox ida nt SHAPE THE RHYTHMS OF en z y me ac t iv it y. O x idat ive da mage d id not d i ffe r bet ween t he t wo THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 genotype sets, suggesting that Daphnia evolved a more e ffic ie nt antioxidant defense machinery in response to urbanization. JUSTINE A SMITH (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA – BERKELEY, ANIMALS: RHYTHMS OF LIFE Structural equation modelling on life history, morphological, and UNITED STATES), YIWEI WANG (SAN FRANCISCO BAY st ress physiolog ica l t ra it s revea led t hat a l l t ra it s we re sig n i fica nt ly BIRD OBSERVATORY, UNITED STATES), JUSTIN P SURACI structured by an underlying Pace-of-life Syndrome (POLS) in the (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ, UNITED STATES), u rba n , but not r u ra l ge not y pe set . We hy pot hesi ze t he combi ned m i x CHRIS C WILMERS (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ, of stressors (temperature, pollution, pond management) experienced UNITED STATES) by animals in city ponds might shift energy allocation to align stress physiological coping-mechanisms to life history evolution in the J S MITH 5 @ BERKELEY.ED U SONYA AUER (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW), DAVIDE DOMINONI direction of faster life, evoking a strong POLS. While pace-of-life ORGANISED BY: Carnivores that coexist with humans in exurban spaces are is not directly linked to circadian rhythm, faster pace-of-life can (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW) AND NIC BURY (UNIVERSITY OF SUFFOLK) becoming increasingly nocturnal to avoid anthropogenic significantly impact population dynamics in urban ponds and disturbances. In coastal California, high densities of people i n flue nce w it h i n- a nd a mong-spec ies i nte rac t ion s, possibly a lte r i ng alter carnivore diel behavioral patterns and subsequently ecosystem functions. 1,000 breeding events from populations 12 urban and eight forest their interactions with other species. This talk will discuss: A5.1 CITIES REMODEL BUTTERFLY populations breeding along a gradient of urbanisation in Glasgow 1) experimental studies identifying specific anthropogenic SEASONAL ACTIVITY: SURPRISES AND (Scotland). We previously showed that abundance of caterpillars, d i st u rba nces to ca r n ivores; 2) t he e ffec t s of t hese d i st u rba nces on NOVEL INSIGHTS FROM A LONG-TERM t it s’ ma i n food resou rce i n spr i ng, at ou r u rba n sites wa s lowe r a nd ca r n ivore d iel ac t iv it y pat te r n s a nd hu nt i ng be hav iors; a nd 3) t he did not show any seasonal peak compared to the forest sites. Thus, A5.4 RELAXED TIME CONSTRAINTS IN ecological consequences of altered carnivore activity on interactions CITIZEN SCIENCE MONITORING SCHEME we hypothesized that timing of reproduction in urban blue tits will THE WARMER URBAN HABITATS DRIVE with their prey and competitors. Specifically, I will provide examples be less strongly under selection than in forest areas. We showed that COUNTERGRADIENT VARIATION IN AN of human-induced diel pattern shifts on predator-prey interactions THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:00 urban females lay their eggs on average 5 days earlier than forest AQUATIC INSECT between pumas and black-tailed deer and resource partitioning ones, but with a much larger variation around the mean. While among mesocarnivores. SARAH DIAMOND (CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, in the forest populations earlier breeding was associated with UNITED STATES) i nc rea sed reproduc t ive success (a s mea su red by fledg l i ng success THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:15 and chick body mass before fledgling), this relationship was not [email protected] found in the urban populations. We therefore conclude that the NEDIM TÜZÜN (UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN (KU LEUVEN), A5.6 TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF URBAN strength of selection for early breeding is stronger in forest than BELGIUM), LIN OP DE BEECK (UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN (KU The proliferation of cities and their associated urban heat island GULL FORAGING BEHAVIOUR IN urban areas. Thus, the advanced breeding time found in many LEUVEN), BELGIUM), KRISTIEN I BRANS (UNIVERSITY effects can profoundly alter the timing of seasonal activity urban areas is likely the consequences of plastic responses to altered OF LEUVEN (KU LEUVEN), BELGIUM), LIZANNE JANSSENS RELATION TO HUMAN ACTIVITY (phe nolog y). I n ma ny syste m s, c l i mat ic wa r m i ng —for e xa mple, environmental stimuli that may advance timing of reproduction, (UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN (KU LEUVEN), BELGIUM), ROBBY across space with decreasing latitude and across time with recent such as higher temperatures and the presence of artificial light at STOKS (UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN (KU LEUVEN), BELGIUM) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:30 climate change—advances the timing of early seasonal activity. night. In my contribution I will present these results and discuss However, the effects of warming on seasonal activity driven by their implications for the regulation of phenological interactions in [email protected] ANOUK SPELT (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), rapidly expanding urbanization are not well understood. Here, urban environments. OLIVER SOUTAR (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), I u se a long-te r m c it i ze n sc ie nce mon itor i ng sc he me of but te r fl ies T he rapid ly i nc rea si ng rate of u rba n i sat ion ha s a major i mpac t on t he CARA WILLIAMSON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED to explore how urban warming alters seasonal activity, and the ecology and evolution of species. While increased temperatures are KINGDOM), JANE MEMMOTT (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED degree to which these changes are context-dependent owing to a key a spec t of u rba n i sat ion (“ u rba n heat i sla nd s”), we have ve r y KINGDOM), EMILY LC SHEPARD (UNIVERSITY OF SWANSEA, d i ffe re nces i n bac kg rou nd c l i mate. I t he n e x plore t he deg ree to wh ic h limited knowledge whether this generates differentiation in thermal UNITED KINGDOM), JUDY Z SHAMOUN-BARANES (UNIVERSITY OF but te r fly phe nolog ica l respon ses to u rba n i zat ion ca n be e x pla i ned A5.3 CITY LIFE ON FAST LANES? responses between rural and urban populations. In a common garden AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS), SHANE WINDSOR (UNIVERSITY OF by their traits. URBANIZATION AND THE EVOLUTION e x pe r i ment, we compa red t he t he r ma l pe r for ma nce c u r ves ( T PCs) BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) OF PACE-OF-LIFE (SYNDROMES) IN for growth rate and mortality in larvae of the damselflyCoenagrion puella from three urban and three rural populations. TPCs for growth A FRESHWATER ZOOPLANKTONIC KEY [email protected] rate shifted vertically, consistent with the faster-slower theoretical A5.2 PHENOLOGY IN THE CITY: STONE SPECIES model whereby the cold-adapted rural larvae grew faster than the Urbanisation of the landscape affects animal populations EFFECTS OF URBANISATION ON THE warm-adapted urban larvae across temperatures. In line with costs worldwide, being detrimental for some species and potentially THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 of rapid growth, rural larvae showed lower survival than urban advantageous for others. For large gulls, urban environments SELECTION ON TIMING OF AVIAN larvae across temperatures. The relatively lower temperatures, can provide nesting and feeding grounds and worldwide many REPRODUCTION KRISTIEN I BRANS (KU LEUVEN, BELGIUM), ROBBY STOKS (KU hence expected shorter growing seasons in rural populations urban-nesting populations have grown rapidly in the last century. LEUVEN, BELGIUM), LUC DE MEESTER (KU LEUVEN, BELGIUM) compared to the populations in the urban heat islands likely impose In urban areas food availability often changes during the day and THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 stronger time constraints to reach a certain developmental stage is related to human activity, e.g. unloading of food waste in waste [email protected] before winter, thereby selecting for faster growth rates. In addition, processing centres. This study aimed to assess if large gulls show higher predation rates at higher temperature may have contributed temporal patterns in their use of urban feeding grounds and if these DAVIDE M DOMINONI (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Urbanization is associated with significant environmental to the growth rate differences between urban and rural ponds. patterns are related to human activity and/or food availability. We UNITED KINGDOM) alterations, inducing rapid evolution. A key feature of urban areas A faster-slower differentiation in TPCs may be a widespread analysed GPS positional data of 11 lesser black-backed gulls (Larus i s t hei r h ig he r tempe rat u re (“ u rba n heat i sla nd s”), yet ev idence pattern along the urbanisation gradient. The observed fuscus) nesting on roofs in Bristol, UK in 2019 to quantify daily [email protected] on pace-of-life evolution across populations in response to this m ic rogeog raph ic d i ffe re nt iat ion i n T PCs suppor t s t he v iew t hat patterns in habitat use of urban feeding grounds. Additionally, anthropogenic warming in freshwater habitats is still absent. In birds, urbanization has been generally associated with earlier urbanisation may drive life history evolution. Moreover, because of we monitored gull presence, human activity, and food availability We tested the hypothesis that urbanization-driven warming spring reproduction. However, it is still unclear whether such t he u rba n heat i sla nd e ffec t, u rba n e nv i ron me nt s have t he pote nt ia l at three urban feeding grounds: a secondar y school, a city park, impacts the pace-of-life and related syndrome structures across advanced phenology is adaptive. We seek to answer this question to aid in developing predictions on the impact of climate change on and a waste processing centre. The urban-nesting gulls in Bristol life history and physiology traits in the water fleaDaphnia using in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), using 6 years of data and over rural populations. showed temporal patterns in use of these three feeding grounds common-garden experiments including replicated urban and rural ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 120 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 121

both based on GPS data and observations at the feeding grounds. more food resources, including of anthropogenic origin, than non- correspond to nocturnal lunar light cycles. In this study we aimed Additionally, the abundance of gulls at the secondary school and urban areas. We hypothesized that food availability contributes A5.10 THE COSTS OF at determining the effect of constant dim light on corals, perception the waste processing centre was related to human-activity and/or to the vernal advancement of reproductive phenology observed SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE CIRCADIAN of daily and monthly cycles by analyzing gene expression of food availability. Overall, our results suggest that gulls learn daily in urban birds. Supporting this hypothesis, chronic mild food samples from four lunar phases and two daily time points. patterns in food availability in urban feeding grounds and adjust restriction reversibly decreased reproductive development resulting CLOCK TO EXTERNAL LIGHT-DARK Ou r gene ex pression resu lts show t hat u nder consta nt d i m l ight their foraging behaviour to coincide with these patterns. from exposure to spring-like photoperiod. Urbanization is in some CYCLES IN A NON-HUMAN PRIMATE corals display loss of rhythmic processes and constant stimuli by cases associated with elevated stress hormone (corticosterone, (M. MURINUS) light that initiates the signal transduction that results in a normal CORT) levels and CORT can inhibit reproduction. However, mild cell cycle, cell proliferation and protein synthesis. food restriction did not increase plasma CORT, suggesting that this THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 A5.7 HOW ARE AUSTRALIA’S hormone does not cause the observed reproductive suppression. Regulation of the reproductive system activity occurs primarily at KOALAS RESPONDING TO EXTREME CLARA L HOZER (CNRS, FRANCE), FABIEN PIFFERI (CNRS, the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonad levels. Our findings ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE: A STRESS FRANCE) A5.12 “DO NOT DISTURB”: LETTING suggest effects of food availability at two levels: hypothalamus THE REEF REST FOR REPRODUCTION (gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion) and gonads (gene PHYSIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE [email protected] e x pression). P rog ress i n ou r u nde rsta nd i ng of bi rd s’ physiolog ica l THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:25 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:45 adju st me nt s to u rba n i zat ion w i l l be ne fit f rom st ud ies i nvest igat i ng Circadian rhythms are generated by the biological clock and daily (1) how u rba n bi rd s i nteg rate t he e ffec t s of add it iona l fac tors, e.g., sy nc h ron i ze orga n i sm s’ physiolog y a nd be hav ior to e nv i ron me nta l SOPHIE L NEDELEC (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED EDWARD NARAYAN (WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) wate r ava i labi l it y, predat ion pressu re, noi se, a nd a r t i fic ia l l ig ht s i nto c ues, ma i n ly l ig ht- da rk c yc les ( T=2 4 h). I n t he abse nce of e x te r na l reproduc t ive respon ses; (2) t he mec ha n i sm s of ac t ion of t hese fac tors c ues, t he biolog ica l c loc k e x presses a n e ndoge nou s pe r iod , tau , of KINGDOM), ANDREW N RADFORD (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), KATY CHAPMAN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, [email protected] at a l l level s of t he reproduc t ive a x i s; a nd (3) t he fit ness con seque nces about 2 4 h . P it tend r ig h & M i n i s (1972) repor ted t hat t he dev iat ion of of reproduc t ive adju st me nt s to u rba n i zat ion . tau from 24h affects negatively the lifespan. Based on these findings, UNITED KINGDOM), PETER GATENBY (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, Koalas are Australia’s iconic marsupial species which need we hypothesized that marginal, repeated costs, due to the clock AUSTRALIA), ISLA KEESJE DAVIDSON (UNIVERSITY OF Eucalyptus trees to survive. Koalas rescued from the wild are daily synchronization with T, accumulate throughout life and BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), MAGGIE TRAVIS (UNIVERSITY of ten fou nd w it h i ncidences of bu r ns f rom bush fi re, i nju r y f rom can explain the mechanisms of lower survival when tau deviates OF PUGET SOUND, UNITED STATES), KIERAN MCCLOSKEY a n i ma l at tac k s, ve h ic le col l i sion , a nd /or d i sea se. E nv i ron me nta l A5.9 MELATONIN RHYTHMS UNDER from 24h. Our study aimed to evaluate the nature of these costs by (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), TIMOTHY stressors could impact the outcomes of clinical management measuring metabolic, physiological and cognitive parameters (body GORDON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), LAURA LIGHT POLLUTION IN THE EUROPEAN VELASQUEZ (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), BJORN intervention and rehabilitation of rescued wild koalas. Therefore, temperature, VO2 a nd ene rg y e x pend it u re, body ma ss, ox idat ive it is important to study the stress physiology of wild koalas upon FRESHWATER FISH PERCA FLUVIATILIS stress, learning) in 30 individuals divided into three photoperiodic ILLING (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), MARK registering them into clinical care. This presentation discusses regimes: control condition (light-dark cycles of 24h, CTL), free- MCCORMICK (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), STEPHEN the physiological evaluation of the koalas stress physiology using THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 running conditions (constant darkness, FR), and light-dark cycles D SIMPSON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) non-invasive glucocorticoid monitoring method (faecal cortisol of 26h, mimicking a great deviation of tau from T (GD). The treatment metabolite-FCM enzyme-immunoassays). FCM analysis was used FRANZISKA KUPPRAT (LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER led to less body ma ss i nta ke i n GD t ha n i n C T L a nd F R , but conve rsely [email protected] to determine stress hormone levels of koalas at the point of rescue ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES, GERMANY), FRANZ HÖLKER did not affect VO , energy expenditure and body temperature. 2 Anthropogenic noise is a pollutant of international concern. Vessel a nd related to d i ffe re nt t y pes of st ressors suc h a s e nv i ron me nta l (LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND Interestingly, learning was also affected (FR and CTL exhibited noise is the most widespread form of underwater noise pollution trauma (vehicle collision, dog attack, burns from forest fire) and FISHERIES, GERMANY), WERNER KLOAS (LEIBNIZ-INSTITUTE bet te r pe r for ma nces t ha n GD), suggest i ng cog n it ive de fic it s when and impacts a broad range of species from cetaceans to sea hares. chlamydial infections. Results showed that habitat related factors, OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY AND INLAND FISHERIES, GERMANY) tau deviates too much from T. These results suggest that the costs Behaviour such as feeding and cleaning can be altered temporarily, especially rural and rural-urban fringe zones were areas of highest of daily synchronization may affect both body condition and i n flue nc i ng rhy t h m s of ac t iv it y. U lt i mate con seque nces of noi se stress while koalas were showing some signs of adaptation to urban- [email protected] cognitive performances. They will soon be completed by oxidative pol lut ion i nc lude deat h due to i nju r y or predat ion , fa i lu re to develop green habitats. Other key anthropogenic induced stressors included stress measurements to better identify the exact costs of daily The daily rhythm of day and night has been a rhythm of light and a nd reduced offspr i ng qua l it y a nd su r v iva l. T he ev ide nce i s robu st dog attacks, vehicle collision and injury/burns from bush fire. The synchronization and participate in elucidating the mechanisms da rk ness for t he e nt i re cou rse of evolut ion . A r t i fic ia l l ig ht at n ig ht a nd c lea r ; a nt h ropoge n ic noi se ha s w ide reac h i ng i mpac t s. Nat iona l results are discussed in relation to the koalas physiological response underlying the relationship between longevity and circadian clock. (ALAN) has begun to interfere with this rhythm since the early (USA) and international (EU) legislation exists to give legal to environmental change using FCMs as an objective physiological t we nt iet h ce nt u r y a nd i s stead i ly i nc rea si ng. Espec ia l ly t he d i ff u sive protection to humans and wildlife from excessive noise, however we stress marker. spread of light by clouds, which leads to an increase of illumination need to move forward with exactly how to implement this protection. over the entire sky (skyglow), makes large areas in and around urban Mitigation aims to lessen negative impacts, while abatement aims a nd i ndu st r ia l reg ion s br ig hte r at n ig ht . W h i le e ffec t s of A L A N on A5.11 DAILY AND LUNAR RHYTHEMS to lessen the amount of pollution produced. We tested the creation and birds are well-known, aquatic environments are less IN THE CORAL ACROPORA DIGITIFERA of ‘qu iet zones’ i n t he w i ld a nd i n t he laborator y du r i ng t he breed i ng A5.8 ENDOCRINE ADJUSTMENTS OF studied although urban areas are typically built around freshwater, sea son of cora l reef fi sh . T he acou st ic cond it ion s a ssoc iated w it h BIRDS TO URBANIZATION: STRESS which is the basis for human life. We aimed to investigate the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:10 speed l i m it s a nd ‘no -go’ zones we re be ne fic ia l for breed i ng fi sh a nd HORMONES AND REPRODUCTIVE e ffec t s of d i ffe re nt i nte n sit ies of A L A N on melaton i n produc tion t hei r offspr i ng. M it igat ion a nd abate me nt of noi se pol lut ion t he refore PROCESSES of Eu ropea n perc h to ident i f y a m i n i mu m i ntensit y t hat i n h ibits YAELI ROSENBERG (BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL), TIRZA show promise for sensitive habitats. When implementing these melatonin production and assess at which intensities light pollution DONIGER (BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL), OREN LEVY (BAR- measures, noise quotas could be applied to individual vessels, spaces, may become a haza rd to aquat ic fish. I n a shor t-ter m ex per i ment ILAN UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL) or time periods. We could impose stricter limits on activity for old THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 rhythmic melatonin production was measured from the tank water noisy vessels, while new vessels designed with quieter motors could over a 24 h period. Nocturnal melatonin production was inhibited in [email protected] be a l lowed g reate r f reedom . A combi nat ion of tool s ca n be u sed to fit PIERRE J DEVICHE (ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED a dose-dependent manner at all tested nocturnal light intensities the broad range of scenarios across the globe. STATES) of 0.01 lux, 0.1 lux and 1 lux compared to control conditions with Natural light cycles are important for synchronizing behavioral complete darkness at night. In particular 0.01 lux and 0.1 lux simulate and physiological rhythms over varying time-periods in [email protected] realistic skyglow scenarios as they already occur in urban and also both plants and animals. These rhythms are controlled by an suburban areas. Further physiological implications of light at night endogenous clock that is entrained by external environmental Urban environments are evolutionary novel and challenging to and a reduced melatonin production such as implications for the cues and is based on molecular mechanisms of positive and ma ny orga n i sm s, yet ma ny of t hese orga n i sm s, i nc lud i ng av ia n ta xa, immune system, thyroid hormones and the reproductive system negative elements interacting in feedback loops. Many organisms adju st wel l to t hese env i ron ment s. At t he core of t hese adju st ment s will be discussed. structure their behavior and physiology not only by the cycles are physiological changes, including to the reproductive system caused by the changes of sun but also the cycles of the moon. activity. Many birds have evolved to breed seasonally and when Light spectrum, intensity and duration play a key role in the t roph ic resou rces for t he offspr i ng a re most abu nda nt . Urba n bi rd s biology of symbiotic corals as many corals exhibit diel cycles commonly show advanced seasonal reproductive development of polyp expansion and contraction entrained by solar light compa red to non-u rba n con spec i fics, a nd u rba n a rea s of ten prov ide patterns and monthly cycles of spawning or planulation that ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 122 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 123

in their natural environments, routine activity and escape A5.13 BOAT NOISE AFFECTS THE EARLY response. By using an experimental arena, we were able to recreate A6 FROM GENES TO BEHAVIOUR: LIFE HISTORY OF TWO DAMSELFISHES a predator strike that was constant over trials (a startle stimulus) a nd a l lowed us to record t he response of fish at h igh speed u nder ACCLIMATION MECHANISMS WITH d i ffe rent acou st ic cond it ion s. O u r resu lt s showed t hat t he t wo noi se THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:55 sou rces have ma rked ly d i ffe rent e ffec t s on reef fi shes. Fi sh e x posed to ship noise responded more slowly and moved shorter distances ERIC P FAKAN (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), MARK I POTENTIAL USE AS BIOMARKERS when presented t he st i mu lu s compa red to i nd iv idua ls e x posed to MCCORMICK (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) motorboat noise. Our study suggests that ship and boat noise increase the vulnerability of individuals to predation and corroborates that [email protected] IN DISTURBED COASTAL the effects of noise in fish depend on the noise source, highlighting Human-generated noise is altering the natural ambient acoustics the need to include these two common sources of anthropogenic in marine environments. This anthropogenic pollution comes from noise in future management plans. HABITATS: RHYTHMS OF LIFE diverse sources, including recreational boating. Anthropogenic noise is known to have a negative effect on the behaviour, physiology a nd su r v iva l of ma r i ne fi shes. Most resea rc h ha s foc u sed on late r l i fe -stages, a nd few st ud ies have i nvest igated t he e ffec t s of hu ma n- A5.15 IS URBAN LIGHT POLLUTION induced noise on embryogenesis. The current laboratory study DISTURBING THE COLONY ATTENDANCE i nvest igated whet he r motorboat noi se a ffec ted t he e mbr yoge nesi s of the coral reef damselfishes, Amphiprion melanopus and OF ADULT SHEARWATERS? ORGANISED BY: GEORGINA RIVERA-INGRAHAM (UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE), Acanthochromis polyacanthus. Here we show that anthropogenic JEHAN-HERVÉ LIGNOT (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER), ROSA FREITAS noise generated species-specific effects through embryogenesis. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO), MONTSERRAT SOLÉ (SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH In both species, embryos reared under the playback of boat noise had faster heart rates ( ̴10%) compared to the ambient reef controls. AIRAM RODRIGUEZ (ESTACION BIOLOGICA DE DOÑANA COUNCIL) AND DIMITRI THEUERKAUFF (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER) Ac. polyacanthus had altered morphological development and CSIC, SPAIN), BENEHARO RODRÍGUEZ (CANARY ISLANDS’ utilized their endogenous reserves faster in the presence of noise ORNITHOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY GROUP (GOHNIC), SPAIN), resulting in 13% smaller yolk sacs. Additionally, the fundamental JUAN J NEGRO (ESTACION BIOLOGICA DE DOÑANA CSIC, SPAIN) interrelationships between early life history characteristics A6.1 ASSESSING BIOCHEMICAL A6.2 PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF changed dramatically under boat noise. Noise treatments did not [email protected] DEPLETION, DAMAGE AND PRO- THERMAL TOLERANCE AND HEAT SHOCK alter the survival rates of embryos under laboratory conditions. Most burrow-nesting seabirds visit breeding colonies at night. SURVIVAL ADAPTATIONS IN RESPONSE PROTEINS PROFILE IN THREE-SPINED A lt houg h spec ies-spec i fic, ou r fi nd i ngs suggest t hat a nt h ropoge n ic This nocturnal behaviour has been proposed as an attempt to avoid noise causes physiological responses in fishes during embryogenesis. TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN STICKLEBACKS FROM NATURAL AND predation or piracy and the alteration of light levels at night by the These changes have direct impacts on their development which EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS THERMALLY POLLUTED COASTLINE urban light pollution could disrupt it. In fact, seabird fledglings are may have adve rse ca r r y- ove r e ffec t s to late r l i fe stages. La r va l si ze d i sor ie ntated by a r t i fic ia l l ig ht s whe n t hey fledge a nd fly for fi rst AREAS a nd g row t h rates a re key dete r m i na nt s of cohor t success i n fi shes, time towards the sea, leading to mass mortality events. In contrast, FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:00 a nd st ressors t hat a lte rs t he m ca n have a n i n flue nce on i nd iv idua l adults nesting on inland colonies have dealt with coastal urban FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:30 survival, and potentially cohort success. Recreational boating is light pollution to reach their nests while commuting. How adults GILLIAN MC RENSHAW (GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) one of many forms of noise pollution from urban development and ma nage t hat sit uat ion may offe r u sef u l i n for mat ion to m i n i m i ze GIOVANNA MOTTOLA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), ANTI it s e x pa n sion may have adve rse e ffec t s on fi sh com mu n it ies. l ig ht-i nduced mor ta l it y of fledg l i ngs. To st udy t he behav ior of adu lt [email protected] VASEMÄGI (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, Cor y ’s shea r wate rs du r i ng t he com mut i ng fl ig ht s a mong t he sea a nd Habitats on reef platforms and in estuaries can present SWEDEN), MIKKO NIKINMAA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), their breeding colonies we tagged GPSs on birds from three colonies intermittent environmental stress, in the form of cyclic KATJA ANTTILA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND) above 400 m asl, and we released some of them from another colony to episodes of oxygen limitation and thermal stress generated A5.14 ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE AFFECTS know if breeders have learned to manage light pollution during their by the interactions between the tide cycle and the habitat [email protected] BEHAVIOURAL TRAITS THAT DETERMINE previous reproductive attempts. We employed nocturnal satellite topography. While most fish respond to environmental Heat waves a re one of t he ma i n side e ffec t s of c l i mate c ha nge. T hese imagery to evaluate the spatial distribution of light polluted areas. stress by swimming away, a few species have specialised SURVIVAL IN CORAL REEF FISHES e x t re me c l i mate phe nome na a re pred ic ted to become more a nd more Adu lt s flew ove r t he c it ies w it hout appa re nt ly avoid i ng a r t i fic ia l adaptations which allow them to exploit extreme environments. frequent. As ectotherms, fish can respond to sudden temperature l ig ht s, espec ia l ly i n out wa rd fl ig ht s whe n t hey u sed t he shor test P red ic t i ng su r v iva l to c u r rent a nd f ut u re g loba l i nc rea ses i n hy pox ic THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION changes through a mechanism of phenotypic plasticity. There are, distance from colonies to coastline. Due to the high elevation of and thermal stress relies not only on assessing transcriptional and howeve r, few st ud ies on how fi sh t hat have e x pe r ie nced long-te r m nesting colonies, inward flights were longer and tortuous as birds proteom ic compe n sator y respon ses but a l so on developi ng spec i fic LAURA VELASQUEZ JIMENEZ (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, (decades) increases in habitat temperature are able to respond to heat had to climb from sea level to the colonies. Artificial lights do not seem sets of biomarkers to be used in concert with transcriptomic and AUSTRALIA), ERIC P FAKAN (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, waves. The capacity of individuals to change their tolerance will, to be a problem for adult shearwater colony attendance according to proteomic studies. Two sets of biomarkers will be examined: AUSTRALIA), JAMIE MCWILLIAM (CURTIN UNIVERSITY, nevertheless, define the survival capability of entire populations. GPS data, but subtler effects could be detected with other materials those can be used reliably to assess biochemical depletion and AUSTRALIA), MARK I MCCORMICK (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, We evaluated the thermal plasticity of critical thermal maximum (e.g. accelerometers) and more experimental research. damage caused by oxidative stress (such as measures of energy AUSTRALIA) (CT ) in six populations of three-spined sticklebacks to a heat charge, protein and lipid degradation) as well as biomarkers to max wave (i nc rea se of env i ron menta l tempe rat u re by 10 °C for 1 wee k). asses pro-survival adaptations via phenotypic plasticity (such as [email protected] Populations were from the coastline and from areas that have nitrate/nitrite balance and shifts in the function of mitochondrial been warmed by ~10 °C by nuclear power plants for four decades in Anthropogenic noise is increasing in marine environments as a complexes). Phenotypic plasticity, elicited in response to Finland. Surprisingly, when CT wa s e xa m i ned i n com mon ga rden result of human activities. The recent recognition of this stressor environmental stress in dynamically changing environments, max cond it ion s before a nd a f te r 1 wee k of e x posu re to a heat wave, no as a pollutant highlights the necessity of conducting research can equip fish to exploit habitats that their predators cannot. d i ffe re nces bet wee n popu lat ion s we re not iced . Howeve r, 1 wee k ’s in order to provide governmental institutions with information e x posu re to a heat wave ha rde ned t he t he r ma l tole ra nce of t he fi sh , for its management and regulation. Although, small motorboat increasing the CT by 4 °C (p<0.001). Currently we are evaluating noi se ha s bee n fou nd to i nc rea se mor ta l it y i n fi sh t he mec ha n i sm max the molecular mechanisms behind thermal hardening by analysing underlying this process in their natural environments remains the protein levels of Hsp70 and 90. We are also studying whether the poorly understood. Moreover, there is not clear evidence of the molecular mechanisms differed among populations during the heat negat ive e ffec t s of sh ip noi se on a spec t s of fi sh ecolog y t hat may wave (sampling before and during the heat wave on days 4 and 7). affect survival. This study evaluated the effects of ship and motorboat noi se on t wo be hav iou ra l t ra it s c r it ica l for fi sh su r v iva l ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 124 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 125

( DO), rest r ic t i ng t hei r ut i l i sat ion to spec ies spec i fica l ly adapted to A6.3 CLIMATE CHANGE: THE EFFECTS hypoxia. Knowledge on the occurrence and severity of hypoxia A6.6 HOW CLIMATE CHANGE ALTERS THE A6.7 THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE AND INTERACTION OF TIDAL EXPOSURE in mangroves and resulting adaptations developed by fish is very IMPACTS OF EMERGING POLLUTANTS CHANGE ON THE FATE AND BEHAVIOR l i m ited . Usi ng a combi nat ion of field a nd laborator y data we show AND WARMING IN MUSSELS FROM t hat fi sh t ida l m ig rat ion s cor relate to va r iat ion s i n DO, a nd t hat a MIXTURES IN BIVALVES? OF DIFFERENT CARBON NANOTUBES INTERTIDAL causality exists between their physiological tolerance and avoidance MATERIALS AND IMPLICATION TO behavioural thresholds. Some species were only observed once FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:30 ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:45 DO>70 % sat u rat ion , wh i le ot he r spec ies we re con sta nt ly obse r ved eve n at DO<4 0 % sat u rat ion . Respi romet r y on fou r spec ies accessi ng ROSA FREITAS (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:45 MADALENA ANDRADE (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO CESAM, ma ng roves at d i ffe re nt DO revea led t hat ac ute hy pox ia tole ra nce MARCELO COSTA (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), CARLA thresholds corroborated field observations. Species highly tolerant LEITE (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), FRANCESCA PORTUGAL), LUCIA DE MARCHI (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO LUCIA DE MARCHI (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, CENTER FOR accessed ma ng roves at a ny DO a nd we re fou nd i n h ig h abu nda nce, COPPOLA (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), MADALENA CESAM, PORTUGAL), AMADEU MVM SOARES (UNIVERSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND MARINE STUDIES (CESAM), UNIVERSITY wh i le less tole ra nt spec ies u sed ma ng roves whe n DO wa s g reate r a nd ANDRADE (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), LUCIA DE AVEIRO CESAM, PORTUGAL), RUI JM ROCHA (UNIVERSITY OF OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), VICTOR NETO (DEPARTMENT OF were found in low abundance. This work highlights the importance of MARCHI (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), SILVANA AVEIRO CESAM, PORTUGAL), ETELVINA FIGUEIRA (UNIVERSITY MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, TEMA UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, DO in shaping mangrove fish communities and consequently its role COSTA (UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), ALESSIA OF AVEIRO CESAM, PORTUGAL), ROSA FREITAS (UNIVERSITY PORTUGAL), CARLO PRETTI (DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY i n dete r m i n i ng ma ng rove va lues. H ig h tole ra nce to hy pox ia may be a n CUCCARO (CIBM, ITALY), MATEO OLIVA (CIBM, ITALY), CARLO OF AVEIRO CESAM, PORTUGAL) SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PISA, ITALY), FEDERICA essential condition to the extensive use of mangroves, explaining the PRETTI (CIBM UNIVERSITY OF PISA, ITALY) CHIELLINI (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND INDUSTRIAL low species richness in some places. DO is rarely considered as a key [email protected] CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF PISA UDR INSTM PISA, ITALY), fac tor i n flue nc i ng st r uc t u re a nd f u nc t ion of aquat ic e nv i ron me nt s, [email protected] O rga n i sm s l iv i ng i n t he i nte r t ida l zone a re subjec ted to a dy na m ic ANDREA MORELLI (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND INDUSTRIAL however in mangroves it may be one of the most critical. and stressful habitat. In particular, organisms settled high on Several stressors have been identified as key and/or emerging CHEMISTRY UNIVERSITY OF PISA UDR INSTM PISA, ITALY), the shore are exposed to tidal-related stressors, including wide d r ive rs of e nv i ron me nta l c ha nge t hat may sig n i fica nt ly i n flue nce AMADEU MVM SOARES (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY CENTER FOR temperature variations and increased desiccation risk. Although marine near-shore systems, creating a range of associated ENVIRONMENTAL AND MARINE STUDIES (CESAM), UNIVERSITY organisms are supposedly adapted to these variations, climate environmental and ecotoxicological risks. These include the OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), ETELVINA FIGUEIRA (DEPARTMENT OF change such as the global temperature rise may enhance the A6.5 THE ROLE OF ECOPHYSIOLOGY magnitude and duration of exposure to pollutants and alterations BIOLOGY, CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND MARINE STUDIES impacts of these stressors. Thus, the study of temperature IN MODULATING INVASION SUCCESS in the range and variability of physical and chemical conditions (CESAM), UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), ROSA FREITAS influence on intertidal environment is of the utmost importance IN A WIDESPREAD COASTAL AMPHIPOD related to climate change. However, the toxicity resulting from (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND to understand the possible impacts on organisms behavior. t he m i x t u re of pol luta nt s, na mely t he ones of e me rg i ng conce r n , MARINE STUDIES (CESAM), UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL) Therefore, in the present study it was evaluated the impacts of has received little attention up to date, especially under predicted d i ffe rent tempe rat u res (18 °C a nd 21 °C) on t he i nte r t ida l mu ssels climate change scenarios. Since environmental stressors often [email protected] Mytilus galloprovincialis,continuously submersed or submitted to FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:15 do not act alone, it is imperative to measure the impact when The widespread use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) had increased a tidal regime for 14 days. Results revealed that submersed mussels non-target organisms are exposed to a combination of multiple e x pone nt ia l ly, lead i ng to a sig n i fica nt pote nt ia l relea se i nto t he e x posed to h ig he r tempe rat u re ac t ivated t hei r a nt iox ida nt defen ses MACARENA ROS (UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ, SPAIN), GEORGINA stressors, and to identify early warning signals of environmental environment. The toxic effects of CNTs in natural aquatic systems (especially glutathione peroxidase, GPx) preventing oxidative RIVERA-INGRAHAM (LABORATOIRE ENVIRONNEMENT DE PETIT change. For this, the present study evaluated the toxic impacts are related to their ability to interact with abiotic compounds. damage in the cells (with no lipid peroxidation, LPO; or protein SAUT, GUYANA), JOSÉ M GUERRA-GARCÍA (UNIVERSITY OF derived from carbon nanoparticles (CNTs) and Triclosan (TRI), Considering that salinity variations are one of the main challenges ca rbonylat ion , PC). I n t he ca se of t he mu ssel s e x posed to t ides u nde r SEVILLE, SPAIN), JEHAN-HERVÉ LIGNOT (CNRS-IFREMER-IRD- acting alone and in combination (TRI+CNTs), under predicted i n t he field a nd t hu s may i n flue nce t he be hav iou r a nd t he tox ic ity cont rol te mpe rat u re, t he metabol ic capac it y i nc rea sed (ide nt i fied by UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) c l i mate c ha nge sce na r ios, u si ng a su ite of ecotox icolog ica l tool s, of CNTs, a laboratory experiment was performed in which the h ig he r elec t ron t ra n spor t ac t iv it y, E TS) w it h t he i nduc t ion of GP x , mea su r i ng bioc he m ica l a lte rat ion s mea su red i n mu ssel’s spe r m tube-building polychaete Diopatra neapolitana (Delle Chiaje however an increase of LPO levels was observed. The combination [email protected] (metabol ic ac t iv it y, l ipid pe rox idat ion a nd ROS produc t ion) a nd 1841) was exposed for 28 days to pristine multi-walled carbon of t ides a nd i nc rea sed te mpe rat u re i nduced h ig he r ox idat ive st ress whole sof t t i ssue (metabol i sm a nd ox idat ive st ress bioma rke rs). Caprella scaura is among the most widespread introduced nanotube (MWCNTs) and carboxylated MWCNTs, maintained (identified by higher oxidized glutathione content), although Mu ssel’s spe r m showed sig n i fica nt d i ffe re nces bet wee n sa l i n it ies, in the Mediterranean Sea, where it seems to be at a control salinity 28 and low salinity 21. Both CNTs generated ac t ivat ion of a nt iox ida nt defen ses (supe rox ide d i smuta se, SOD; espec ia l ly not iced by h ig he r metabol ic ac t iv it y i n mu ssels e x posed displacing an ecologically similar congener, Caprella equilibra. tox ic i mpac t s i n te r m s of rege ne rat ive capac it y, e ne rg y rese r ves a nd GP x) wa s obse r ved . T hese fi nd i ngs i nd icate t hat i n add it ion to a i r to sa l i n it y 28, bot h at C N Ts a nd T R I+C N Ts t reat ment s. Rega rd i ng A field-ba sed st udy a long t he I be r ia n Pen i n su la h ig h l ig hted t he metabol ic capac it y a s wel l a s ox idat ive a nd neu ro stat u s; howeve r, exposure, possibly acting as a confounding factor in the assessment mussels whole soft tissue, no significant differences were observed role of salinity and seawater temperature in modulating this ca rbox ylated M WC N Ts had g reate r tox ic i mpac t s i n t he polyc haetes. of t he i mpac t of d i ffe re nt st ressors, g loba l wa r m i ng may represe nt bet wee n bot h sa l i n it ies tested , w it h h ig he r metabol ic a nd ox idat ive interaction. However, the effect of env iron mental st ress on the Moreove r, e x posu re to bot h C N Ts gene rated h ig he r tox ic i mpac t s a greater impact to intertidal organisms compared to subtidal ones. st ress i mpac t s i n mu ssel s e x posed to C N Ts a nd T R I+C N Ts. T hese physiolog ica l respon ses of t hese coe x i st i ng spec ies i s u n k now n . in the polychaetes maintained under control salinity than in preliminary results evidenced that salinity exerted higher We explore the differential species-specific stress tolerances to those maintained under low salinity, suggesting that exposed a lte rat ion s on mu ssel’s spe r m wh i le pol luta nt s g reat ly i n flue nced d i ffe rent combi nat ion of sa l i n it ies a nd seawate r tempe rat u res to polychaetes tend to be more sensitive to the alteration induced by mussels whole soft tissue biomarkers. identify if the introduced species is more stress tolerant than its salinity variations on the chemical behaviour of both MWCNTs in A6.4 HYPOXIA IN MANGROVES: congener. We conducted respirometric experiments, measures comparison to salt stress. In addition, an innovative approach based OCCURRENCE AND IMPACT ON NURSERY of he moly mph osmot ic pressu re, reac t ive ox yge n spec ies ( ROS) on t her mog rav i met r ic a na lysis was adopted for t he fi rst t i me to FISH HABITATS for mat ion , a nt iox ida nt ac t iv it ies (cata la ses) a nd apoptot ic da mage assess the presence of MWCNT aggregates in the organisms. (ca spa ses). Despite t he t wo spec ies bei ng osmocon for me rs, at 25 °C C. scaura tolerated a wider range of salinities than C. equilibra. At FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:00 t h i s tempe rat u re, bot h spec ies showed si m i la r ox ygen con su mpt ion rates, but the oxyregulatory capacity was only maintained by C. ALEXIA DUBUC (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), scaura. At 10 °C, both species decreased their respiration rates, but C. MARCUS SHEAVES (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), scaura tole rated e x posu re w it h lowe r e ne rget ic e x pe nd it u re t ha n C. NATHAN WALTHAM (JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) equilibra, which increased the ROS formation. Since this misbalance was not accompanied by changes in antioxidant defenses, C. equilibra [email protected] su ffe red h ig he r deg rees of cel lu la r da mage a nd mor ta l it y rates u nde r Mangroves are extreme environments naturally experiencing lower temperatures. Through the application of these energy- d iel hy pox ia a ssoc iated w it h t ide. Yet, ma ng roves ac t a s i mpor ta nt redox biomarkers we evidence that C. scaura performs better both fi sh habitat s for ma ny spec ies. Howeve r, t he va lue of ma ng roves at higher and lower temperatures, suggesting a great potential for is debated as studies have shown varying degrees of mangrove spreading across ecoregions. This study highlights the potential role utilisation by fish. One hypothesis is that tidally-dominated of ecophysiology in modulating biotic interactions and determining ma ng roves e x pe r ience rapid a nd sha r p dec l i nes i n d i ssolved ox ygen invasive success. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 126 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 127

water (FW). These two phenotypes (i.e. intolerant vs tolerant to FW) Thus, the unusually high level of polymorphism in C. crangon may A6.8 QUANTITATION AND e x h ibit d i ffe re nt ia l be hav iora l a nd physiolog ica l t ra it s fol low i ng A6.11 CAN PLASTICITY IN represent an adaptive strategy to supply C. crangon w it h su ffic ie nt COMPREHENSION OF OSMOTIC exposure to FW. In this study, we focused on transcript levels as MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION BUFFER energy from a wide food spectrum within the variable trophic molec u la r ba ses t hat cou ld e x pla i n t h i s phe not y pe va r iabi l it y i n t wo conditions in the North Sea. EFFECTS ON PROTEOME DYNAMICS IN ma i n t i ssues i nvolved i n osmoreg u lat ion : t he g i l ls a nd t he poste r ior THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN EURYHALINE FISH kidney.Based on FW tolerance, significant differences in mRNA AQUATIC ECTOTHERM? e x pression we re fou nd i n bot h orga n s w it h respec t to cor t icoste roid FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 receptors a ssoc iated w it h st ress a nd behav ior. Sig n i fica nt c ha nges i n FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:00 A6.13 HOW COSTLY IS MACROPARASITE the level of transcription of several ion transporters were measured INFECTION IN A BIVALVE HOST? A DIETMAR KÜLTZ (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, UNITED in the fish kidney, indicating altered ion reabsorption in intolerant KARINE SALIN (IFREMER, FRANCE), GEORGINA RIVERA- - - COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO TREMATODE STATES) fish to F W. Most st r i k i ngly, a lower level of Cl /HCO3 exchanger INGRAHAM (LABORATOIRE ENVIRONNEMENT PETIT SAUT, FRENCH + + and Na /K -ATPase α1a transcript levels have been measured in GUINEA) SPECIES [email protected] intolerant fish to FW. In addition, differences in the expression of prolactin receptors in FW intolerant vs tolerant fish suggests a Organismal physiology, morphology, and behavior are based on the [email protected] FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:45 d i ffe re nce i n e ndoc r i ne cont rol a mong sea ba ss phe not y pes. function of structural proteins and enzymes. Proteins represent The impacts of climate change will depend on the ability of the the central regulatory plane in the genome to phenome continuum. organisms to tolerate, acclimate and eventually adapt to changes LUÍSA MAGALHÃES (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, The protein complement of cells and tissues (the proteome) is in their environment. Numerous effects of environmental PORTUGAL), XAVIER DE MONTAUDOUIN (UNIVERSITY OF highly dynamic and mirrors environmental and developmental te mpe rat u re, ox yge n ava i labi l it y or pH on m itoc hond r ia l e ne rget ic BORDEAUX, STATION MARINE D’ARCACHON, FRANCE), ROSA influences on organismal phenotypes. Therefore, dynamic A6.10 A NOVEL AMMONIA TRANSPORTER have been documented in aquatic ectotherm, and mitochondrial FREITAS (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL) proteomes are excellent bioindicators of environmental exposure. IN FISH: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF f u nc t ion respond to env i ron menta l va r iabi l it y at d i ffe rent tempora l Comprehensive blueprints of environmental exposures are reflected HIAT1B AS A POTENTIAL NEW AMMONIA levels, within seconds within an individual to across generations. [email protected] i n spec i fic proteome states a nd capt u r i ng t hose states i s ac h ieved This review will synthesize relevant mitochondrial responses TRANSPORTER IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO Bivalves are keystone species and thus contribute to biodiversity and by quantitative proteomics. We have developed quantitative that underlie control of energy metabolism in response to climate ecosystem resilience. However, bivalve stocks have been decreasing proteomics workflows to characterize environmental influences RERIO) variability. In all cases, whole animal responses (resilience vs failure) in the last decades, resulting in economic and ecological losses. This on proteome states and proteome dynamics of euryhaline and are linked to mitochondrial properties. Major timescales of focus decline is largely due to emergent diseases and consequent mass eu r yht he r ma l fi sh popu lat ion s i n coa sta l a rea s. T hese work flows FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:15 include: (1) short-term effects of rapid physicochemical changes mortalities episodes. Some of these diseases have been neglected, utilize tissue- and cell-specific assay libraries for data-independent on m itoc hond r ia l; (2) acc l i mat ion a nd developme nta l pla st ic it y of especially those caused by macroparasites (such as trematodes) acquisition (DIA) or Sequentially Windowed Acquisition of all HAONAN ZHOUYAO (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), t he m itoc hond r ia w it h i n a ge ne rat ion ; (3) acc l i mator y processes which are usually (and mistakenly?) assigned to low pathogenicity. THeoretically possible MSMS spectra (SWATH) mass spectrometry. ALEX ZIMMER (UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, CANADA), STEVE F between generations, or transgenerational plasticity. Nonetheless, trematodes are the most prevalent macroparasites Q u nat itat ive proteome data set s ge ne rated w it h t hese work flows PERRY (UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, CANADA), DIRK WEIHRAUCH in coastal waters being able to exert an impact both at the host a re h ig h ly acc u rate a nd t hey con si ste nt ly cove r prec i sely de fi ned (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA) individual and population levels. Cerastoderma edule (the edible sets of proteomes. This consistent coverage renders systematic and cockle) is one of the most exploited bivalves in Europe. Cockles are long-te r m net work a nd topolog ica l data a na lysi s ( T DA) approac hes [email protected] A6.12 MOLECULAR ADAPTIVE among the favourite hosts for trematodes, being easily invaded fea sible. T hese work flows a nd approac hes a re e x pla i ned a nd t hei r A m mon ia , a h ig h ly tox ic wa ste produc t f rom protei n metabol i sm , MECHANISMS OF THE BROWN SHRIMP t h roug h t hei r fi lte r feed i ng habit a nd offe r i ng seve ra l t i ssue n ic hes application to coastal fish biology is discussed using selected is directly excreted to the surrounding environment in the vast for trematodes to settle. Accordingly, we used C. edule as host model datasets as examples. The data presented illustrate that habitat CRANGON CRANGON TO SURVIVE IN A majority of aquatic organisms. The actual ammonia excretion to test t he ma i n hy pot hesi s t hat t re matode i n fec t ion e xe r t a negat ive d i ffe re nces suc h a s sa l i n it y a nd te mpe rat u re c ha nges a re read i ly VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT mechanisms are, however, to date not fully understood. Most e ffec t on biva lve e ne rg y metabol i sm a nd ba la nce, a f u nda me nta l capt u red i n state c ha nges of t i ssue -spec i fic proteomes. T he ove ra l l recently our group discovered a new ammonia-transporting requirement for organism’s function and survival. Concretely, topology of proteome states is indicative of particular tissues, protein, namely the hippocampus abundant transcript 1b (Hiat FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:30 we e x pe r i me nta l ly i n fec ted coc k les w it h t wo t re matode spec ies, species, and environmental contexts and is therefore suitable for 1b). This uncharacterized transporter is highly conserved Himasthla elongata and Renicola roscovitus t hat i n fec t coc k le’s foot deducing functional and phenotypic consequences of environmental across the animal kingdom (85% AA similarity between fish DIANA MARTINEZ-ALARCON (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE and gills, respectively. Hence, the second hypothesis tested was that changes on coastal organisms. and human) and in zebrafish Hiat 1b is ubiquitously expressed FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN, a d i ffe rent iat ion on t he ta rget t i ssue w i l l i n fluence t he metabol ic in various tissues including gills, brain, kidney and intestine. GERMANY), WILHELM HAGEN (UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN, cost, evaluated in physiological and biochemical terms. This work When heterologously expressed in frog oocytes, the uptake of GERMANY), REINHARD SABOROWSKI (ALFRED WEGENER represents a breakthrough towards the understanding of host- radiolabeled methylamine, a proxy for ammonia, was mediated. INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH, GERMANY) trematode relationships that can be used to better predict potential A6.9 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION This uptake was competitively reduced in the presence of 1mM con se r vat ion t h reat s to biva lve popu lat ion s a nd to ma x i m i ze t he [email protected] OF VARIABILITY IN PHENOTYPIC NH4 Cl. This demonstrates that ammonia is accepted as a substrate success of stock and disease episodes management. for this transporter. Localization studies are currently on the way. TRAITS RELATED TO FRESHWATER Biochemical and metabolic adaptations allow organisms to cope In summary, our results suggest that Hiat1b is a novel and highly TOLERANCE IN EUROPEAN SEA BASS with a wide range of environmental conditions. Such adaptations conserved ammonia transporter, that might be important for cellular comprise, beside others, metabolic regulation, control of gene a nd /or bra nc h ia l e xc ret ion of tox ic a m mon ia i n fi sh . A6.14 PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:00 expression, or the evolution of proteins. The brown shrimp Crangon crangon is abundant in the North Sea and plays an important role in AND EXTRACELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS THIBAUT L’HONORÉ (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), coastal ecosystems. It is apparently well adapted to thrive in a highly CATHERINE LORIN-NEBEL (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, variable environment and shows distinct molecular characteristics. FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:45 FRANCE), EMILIE FARCY (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, Here we present an integrative approach analysing lipids, FRANCE), EVA BLONDEAU-BIDET (UNIVERSITÉ DE t ra n sc r iptome, ge ne e x pression , a nd protei n st r uc t u re to eluc idate CAROLINA A FREIRE (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARANÁ, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) how this species copes at metabolic level with environmental BRAZIL) challenges of the North Sea. Lipid analysis suggests that C. crangon [email protected] utilize dietary energy directly to satisfy all metabolic requirements, [email protected] including multiple spawning without accumulating extensive lipid Salinity acts as an important environmental factor for aquatic reserves in the midgut gland. The reason behind the low lipid storage How does physiological plasticity relate to the maintenance of orga n i sm s. I n fi sh , t he reg u lat ion of hyd rom i ne ra l ba la nce ha s a is not yet clear, but based on the transcriptome and protein structure e x t racel lu la r homeosta si s i n aquat ic a n i ma l s? A re reg u lators less direct impact on physiological functions, biochemical processes, analyses of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism we suggest that “plastic” than conformers? Regulation of the extracellular fluid a nd ca n i n flue nce be hav ior, d i st r ibut ion a nd su r v iva l. Eu ropea n t he brow n sh r i mp ha s a de fic ie nc y of f u nc t iona l protei n s i nvolved i n relates d i rec t ly to comple x it y. More comple x a n i ma l s, w it h t ig hte r sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax display differential salinity tolerance the transport of lipids in the midgut gland. The low lipid level may be mechanisms of homeostatic control and longer generation times, a ssoc iated to d i ffe rent ia l phenot y pic t ra it s when t ra n sfe r red to f resh compensated by highly active and polymorphic digestive enzymes. are less likely to adapt to present and future environmental changes. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 128 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 129

But how does adaptive capacity to environmental change, over generations, relate to the “width” of tolerance, or the flexibility of A6.16 CAN WATER CONTAMINATED A6.17 THE SERPULID FICOPOMATUS A6.18 CARBOXYLESTERASES AS upper and lower limits upon acclimation? Environmental variability, WITH PB BE SAFE FOR MYTILUS ENIGMATICUS (FAUVEL, 1923) AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS OF DRUG ove r va r iable t i me sca les, pa st /prese nt, had / ha s profou nd e ffec t s on physiological plasticity. Animals more broadly tolerant may GALLOPROVINCIALIS AFTER A PROMISING MODEL SPECIES FOR EXPOSURE IN NON-TARGET ORGANISMS: be more cosmopolitan, less endemic, and may spread along wider REMEDIATION WITH MANGANESE ECOTOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SEEKING FOR A SUITABLE PROTOCOL ranges of latitudes. But are “eury-“ animals necessarily more plastic SPINEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES? MARINE AND BRACKISH MATRICES IN MARINE BIVALVES t ha n “ste no -“ a n i ma l s upon f u r t he r c ha nges or c ha l le nges? R a nge of tole ra nces a nd fle x ibi l it y of l i m it s a re ce r ta i n ly, to some deg ree, FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:30 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:45 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 18:00 inversely related to complexity, but are also much dependent on past (evolutionary) and present degree of environmental variability. FRANCESCA COPPOLA (UNIVERSITY OF AVERIO, CESAM, MATTEO OLIVA (CIBM - CONSORZIO PER IL CENTRO DI BIOLOGIA MONTSERRAT SOLE (ICM-CSIC, SPAIN), ROSA FREITAS I mpor ta nt ly, bot h reg u lators a nd con for me rs ca n be eit he r “eu r y-“ PORTUGAL), DANIELA TAVARES (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, MARINA ED ECOLOGIA APPLICATA “G. BACCI”, ITALY), LUCIA (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), GEORGINA RIVERA- or “steno”. The two strategies of internal control imply in distinct CICECO - UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), BRUNO DE MARCHI (DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA, CESAM, PORTUGAL), INGRAHAM (UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE, SPAIN), JUAN C metabol ic budget s. Espec ia l ly i n coa sta l habitat s, c ha nges i n t he HENRIQUES (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, CESAM - UNIVERSITY MATILDE VIEIRA SANCHES (DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA, SANCHEZ-HERNANDEZ (UNIVERSITY OF CASTILLA LA pattern and intensity of environmental fluctuations associated to OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), TITO TRINDADE (DEPARTMENT OF CESAM, PORTUGAL), ALESSIA CUCCARO (CIBM - CONSORZIO MANCHA, SPAIN) climate change and anthropogenic impacts (including introduction CHEMISTRY, CICECO - UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), PER IL CENTRO DI BIOLOGIA MARINA ED ECOLOGIA APPLICATA of exotic species) may differentially affect regulators and AMADEU SOARES (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, CESAM - “G. BACCI”, ITALY), CHIARA MANZINI (CIBM - CONSORZIO [email protected] con for me rs. Metabol ic t rade - offs a re c r uc ia l i n orde r to u nde rsta nd UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), ETELVINA FIGUEIRA PER IL CENTRO DI BIOLOGIA MARINA ED ECOLOGIA APPLICATA the relationship between physiological plasticity and degree of Marine bivalves are used worldwide as bioindicators of (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, CESAM - UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, “G. BACCI”, ITALY), ADILIA PIRES (DEPARTAMENTO DE internal control. This analysis may be useful in the proposal of env i ron me nta l pol lut ion . Beside ecolog ica l i nde xes a nd c hem ica l PORTUGAL), EDUARDA PEREIRA (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGIA, CESAM, PORTUGAL), LUDMILA KOZINKOVA (CIBM - ecophysiological biomarkers for coastal habitats. analysis of contaminant residues, a broad range of biological CESAM - UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), ROSA FREITAS CONSORZIO PER IL CENTRO DI BIOLOGIA MARINA ED ECOLOGIA responses, or biomarkers, are measured in these invertebrates (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, CESAM - UNIVERSITY OF APPLICATA “G. BACCI”, ITALY), GIANLUCA BONTÀ PITTALUGA w it h t he scope for a ssessi ng pol luta nt bioava i labi l it y a nd tox ic it y. AVEIRO, PORTUGAL) (CIBM - CONSORZIO PER IL CENTRO DI BIOLOGIA MARINA ED A traditional biomarker of exposure to cholinergic-disrupting ECOLOGIA APPLICATA “G. BACCI”, ITALY), ROSA FREITAS chemicals such as organophosphorus (OP) and methyl carbamates A6.15 A 3-YEAR STUDY ON THE IMPACT [email protected] (DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA, CESAM, PORTUGAL), CARLO is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. However, this enzyme is OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER DISCHARGE PRETTI (DIPARTIMENTO DI SCIENZE VETERINARIE UNIVERSITÀ I n rece nt yea rs, t he developme nt of na nopa r t ic les ( N Ps) for d i ffe re nt relat ively u ne x pressed i n t he biva lve c la m s (Ruditapes decussatus DI PISA, ITALY) ON THE ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF MANGROVE applications has been increasing, including water decontamination. and R. philippinarum). Conversely, these marine bivalves have Manganese spinel ferrite (MnFe O ) NPs have been highlighted for high levels of carboxylesterases (CE), which is another serine CRABS: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE 2 4 [email protected] PERSPECTIVES t h i s pu r pose, show i ng h ig h e ffic ienc y i n t he remova l of potent ial este ra se ac t ively i mpl icated i n t he non- cata ly t ic detox i ficat ion toxic elements from contaminated water, including lead (Pb) that is Ficopomatus enigmaticus is an invasive, reef-forming, dioecious of OP pesticides. A recent in vitro study with the mussel species currently listed second in the ATSDR list. Although several studies serpulid polychaete with gamete spawning occurring along all Mytilus galloprovincialis evidenced that CE activity is highly FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:15 a l ready poi nted to t he potent ia l tox ic it y of N Ps towa rd s aquat ic seasons throughout the year, that can survive in a wide range of sensitive not only to OP pesticides, but also to other chemicals organisms, concerning the hazard potential derived from remediated d i st i nc t sa l i n it y cond it ion s. D ue to a l l it s feat u res, coupled w it h t he of current concern, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care DIMITRI THEUERKAUFF (UNIVERSITY CENTER OF MAYOTTE, water very scarce information is available. In the present study we easiness in collecting and maintaining in laboratory conditions, it products, and polybrominated flame retardants. Not only in vitro MAYOTTE), GEORGINA A RIVERA-INGRAHAM (LABORATOIRE a i med to eva luate t he tox ic it y of Pb conta m i nated seawate r a nd can be suitable for both marine and brackish matrices monitoring. but a lso i n v ivo env i ron menta l e x posu res to pest ic ides a nd ot he r ENVIRONNEMENT DE PETIT SAUT, FRENCH GUINEA), ELLIOTT remediated with MnFe O N Ps, to i n fe r about t he ecotox icolog ica l In the present study, an embryotoxicity endpoint, evaluated as a nt h ropoge n ic c he m ica l s revea l i n h ibit ion of C Es i n seve ra l biva lve SUCRÉ (UNIVERSITY CENTER OF MAYOTTE, MAYOTTE), JEHAN- 2 4 safety of this nanotechnology-based water-treatment process. For percentage of correct larval development, was adopted to evaluate species (mussels, cockles and razor shells). Herein is compared HERVÉ LIGNOT (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) this, mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis was selected, which the sensitivity of the species, in comparison to other model the CE activity of two marine bivalves, M. galloprovincialis and has been identified by several authors as a good bioindicator that organisms similar endpoints (Crassostrea gigas and Paracentrotus R. philippinarum, exposed to the retroviral drug Oseltamivir® [email protected] responds quickly to environmental disturbances. Organisms were lividus embriotoxicity assays), against a reference toxicant under lab exposures. Current procedures for CE determinations Mangroves are increasingly proposed as a bioremediation e x posed for 2 8 days to d i ffe re nt cond it ion s, i nc lud i ng c lea n seawate r (copper sulphate pentahydrate). In particular results showed an generally measure the total hydrolytic activity of multiple CE tool for wastewater (WW) treatment. However, this practice (cont rol); re med iated seawate r ; Pb conta m i nated wate r (10 0 0 µ g / L), EC 50 va lue of 50.6 4 μ g / L Cu 2+ for F. enigmaticus, comparable with isoforms using several nitrophenyl- and naphthyl-derived esters. can impact mangrove crabs which are key engineer species MnFe2 O4 NPs in water (50 mg/L) and mixture of both, with weekly those of C. gigas (12 . 50 μ g / L) a nd of P. lividus (57.0 0 μ g / L) fou nd i n Results obtained revealed that bivalve CE activity preferentially of the ecosystem through their bioturbation activities. This seawate r renewa l. At t he end of t he e x posu re, concent rat ion s of the relative literature. Moreover the same assay was adopted for hydrolysed long-chain butyrate esters (p-nitrophenyl butyrate and study aimed to determine the effects of WW on the physiology Pb i n mu ssels’ t i ssues we re qua nt i fied a nd bioma rke rs related to d i ffe rent pol luted sed i ment elut r iate eva luat ion , u si ng a weig ht of 1-naphthyl butyrate) over acetate-derived substrates. Altogether, (osmoreg u lat ion , bioene rget ics, ox idat ive ba la nce) of t h ree c rab mussels’ metabolic and oxidative stress status were evaluated. evidence approach, that indicated an ecological relevance of this results highlight the value of CEs as biomarkers of toxicity by species (two Sesarmidae and one Ocypodidae) with laboratory Results revealed that mussels exposed to seawater contaminated species comparable to C. gigas. The same endpoint was also adopted to these compounds. and in situ ex per i ments ( bu r row densit y a nd cag i ng ex per i ment w it h Pb a nd to Pb+N Ps acc u mu lated sig n i fica nt ly more Pb t ha n t hose determine the toxicity of an emerging pollutant (Carboxilated Multi- in an experimental area with controlled WW releases). conditions where Pb was eliminated. Regarding biomarkers, our Walled Carbon Nanotubes, CNTs), using two different populations, Bu r row den sit y dec rea ses i n flat a rea s whe re W W flows a nd c rab fi nd i ngs de mon st rated t hat conta m i nated seawate r c lea rly cau sed one from San Rossore-Migliarino Regional Park (Pisa, Italy) and community is altered with a marked dominance of Parasesarma higher impacts in mussels than remediated seawater, with higher the other from Ria de Aveiro (Aveiro, Portugal). Results showed a guttatum (PG) (a species with no bioturbation activity). This change ox idat ive st ress a nd lowe r metabol ic capac it y i n mu ssels e x posed similar dose-dependent response between the two populations, may induce drastic alterations of the ecosystem functioning. PG to contaminated seawater. until a maximum concentration of 5 mg/L of CNTs. These decreases its metabolic rate in WW but it is increased in the other resu lt s seem to con fi r m t he sen sit iv it y a nd t he su itabi l it y of t he species. Moreover, after laboratory exposure, the three species spec ies a s a prom i si ng model orga n i sm s for ecotox icolog ica l a nd had impaired osmoregulatory capacity (Na+/K+-ATPase activity monitoring purposes. and epithelium gill thickness) and oxidative balance (reactive oxygen species formation in the hemolymph and antioxidant enzyme activity in the gills). In situ, encaged crabs showed a si m i la r a lbeit reduced pat te r n . T hese e ffec t s cou ld dec rea se t hei r fitness and may also explain the observed ecological changes. Therefore, the biomarkers used in this study may be useful tools to monitor crab populations. Moreover, Ocypodidae appeared as the most se n sit ive to W W fol lowed by t he Sesa r m idae. Even i f no major dysfunction is observed at the ecosystem level yet, WW release should be carefully monitored, with an emphasis on crab bioturbation activity and physiological health according to species sensitivity. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 130 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 131

the epaulette shark (ES) and grey carpet shark (GCS) display O ve ra l l, sa l i n it y c ha nges i n flue nced T Es ava i labi l it y a nd bot h A6.19 NOVEL FATTY ACID ELONGASE different adaptive responses to prolonged anoxia: while the parameters impacted the studied species. A6.23 EFFECTS OF TRACE METALS (BMFAE) FROM BERRYTEUTHIS MAGISTER ES enters energy conserving metabolic depression, the GCS EXPOSURE ON LARVAL DEVELOPMENT temporarily elevates its haematocrit prolonging oxygen delivery. REVEALED BIFUNCTIONAL ACTIVITIES High-resolution respirometr y coupled with fluorimetr y assays OF TWO POPULATIONS OF FICOPOMATUS IN SYNTHESIS OF VERY LONG-CHAIN were used to investigate mitochondrial function in mitochondria A6.22 PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS ENIGMATICUS POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS from the cerebellum, a highly metabolically active organ that OF THE BAMBOO SHARK, CHYLOSCYLLIUM BY METABOLICALLY ENGINEERED is oxygen sensitive and vulnerable to injury after anoxia/ PUNCTATUM: GILL AND RECTAL GLAND WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE re-oxygenation (AR). Succinate was titrated into cerebellar preparations in vitro, with or without pre-exposure to AR, RESPONSE TO OXYGEN FLUCTUATION MATILDE SANCHES (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), then the activity of mitochondrial complexes was examined. ADÍLIA PIRES (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, PORTUGAL), MATTEO WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Overall, GCS mitochondria significantly increased succinate THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION OLIVA (CIBM, ITALY), ROSA FREITAS (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, oxidation rates, with impaired complex I function post-AR. In PORTUGAL), CARLO PRETTI (CIBM, ITALY) JONG-SUG PARK (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL contrast, ES mitochondria inhibited succinate oxidation rates JEHAN-HERVÉ LIGNOT (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER MARBEC SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), TAE-HO KIM (NATIONAL a nd bot h comple x I a nd I I capac it ies we re con se r ved , resu lt i ng i n LABORATORY, FRANCE), MATHILDE LEJEUNE (UNIVERSITY [email protected] INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)) preservation of oxidative phosphorylation capacity post-AR. ROS OF MONTPELLIER MARBEC LABORATORY, FRANCE), GILLIAN Ficopomatus enigmaticus is a serpulid species, reef-forming dioecious production mediated by accumulating succinate was also lower in RENSHAW (GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) polyc haete w it h ga mete spaw n i ng occ u r r i ng a long d i ffe rent sea son s [email protected] ES mt relative to GCS mt. Divergent mitochondrial plasticity elicited throughout the year and in a wide range of salinity conditions. by elevated succinate post A/R mirrors their divergent physiological To develop a sustainable system for the production of the very [email protected] Owing to these characteristics, in addition to the easy sample and adaptat ion s to prolonged a nox ia, na mely t he absence (GC S) a nd long-chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (VL-PUFAs), we focused ident i ficat ion , a prev iou s st udy suggested t he su itabi l it y of t h i s prese nce of metabol ic depression ( ES). The elasmobranch bamboo shark (Chyloscyllium punctatum) on the action of a key enzyme, fatty acid elongase (BmFAE), which species to be used as model organism for both marine and brackish frequently experiences hypoxic conditions in tropical coastal i s a c r uc ia l en z y me for DH A a nd A A sy nt hesi s. BmFA E encod i ng a waters monitoring, by the performance of sperm toxicity and waters. Hypoxia challenges ATP production and can induce 888-bp fulll-ength cDNA was cloned from Berryteuthis magister by larval development assays. The present study was focused on oxidative stress leading to cell damage, especially when water PCR and RNA sequencing (analysed for Octupus vulgaris genome). To larval development, comparing the response of two populations reox yge nat ion occ u rs. O x yge n fluc t uat ion ca n a l so i mpac t key orga n investigate the enzymatic activity of BmD4 DES i n t he produc t ion of A6.21 TRACE ELEMENTS of F. enigmaticus (San Rossore-Migliarino Regional Park - Pisa, integrity and osmoregulation, an energy-consuming function. DHA, a recombinant plasmid expressing BmD4DES (pYESBmD4DES) CONTAMINATION AND SALINITY Ita ly ; a nd R ia de Avei ro, Por t uga l) a f te r e x posu re to d i ffe re nt t race T h i s st udy a i m s to i nvest igate spec i fic adaptat ion s of t he g i l ls a nd was transformed into and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The elements. In detail, larval development was evaluated after exposure CHANGES: IMPACTS ON POLYCHAETES rectal gland, oxidative stress injuries and energetic imbalance in exogenous expressed BmFA E produced stea r ic ac id(18:0), ei sose noic of spec i me n s of bot h popu lat ion s to d i ffe re nt conce nt rat ion s of Hg t he ba mboo sha rk . A n i ma l s e x pe r ienc i ng 2 h of hy pox ia fol lowed ac id(20:1) a nd DPA(22:5) at conve rsion rates of 16. 8, 23.6 a nd 20. 8% (0.01-109.35 μ g / L), A s (25 -3, 20 0 μ g / L), Cd (5 -1,6 0 0 μ g / L) a nd Pb WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION by 2 4 h of reox yge nat ion we re compa red to sha rk s ma i nta i ned i n from exogenous palmitic acid(16:0), oleic acid(18:1) and ETA(20:5) (5-1,600 μg/L), with results presented as the percentage of nor mox ia. Osmoreg u lat ion wa s a ssessed t h roug h a mor pholog ica l substrates, respectively. This result indicates the possibility of the de abnor ma l ly developed la r vae. A dose -respon se e ffec t, mea su red i n ADÍLIA PIRES (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), analysis of the mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) in the gills novo production of VL-PUFAs. Lipid analysis revealed that fatty acid te r m s of EC 50 va lues, obta i ned for a l l tox ica nt s tested , showed t hat ROSA FREITAS (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), and rectal gland. Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity was also quantified. elongase of B. magister showed multifunctional enzyme activities. Hg was the most toxic metal for larvae of both populations (Italy: CARLA PATINHA (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, BIOGEOTECH, After 24 h of reoxygenation, sharks that experienced hypoxia This result indicates the possibility of the de novo production of 3. 97 μ g / L; Por t uga l: 0.6 4 μ g / L). Respon ses of bot h popu lat ion s we re PORTUGAL), EDUARDO FERREIRA DA SILVA (UNIVERSITY OF present a 2-fold increase in gill MRC number compared to ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA. This is a also similar for Cu (110.02 μg/L; 92.57 μg/L) and As (783.00 μg/ AVEIRO, BIOGEOTECH, PORTUGAL), ETELVINA FIGUEIRA sharks maintained in normoxia. However, Na+/K+-ATPase breakthrough in the development of sustainable alternative sources L; 766.90 μg/L). As was the least toxic element for the Portuguese (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL) quantity (immunofluorescence labelling) decreased in the of DHA because this technology should be applicable in oilseed crop. popu lat ion , wh i le Cd (156 3. 2 8 μ g / L) showed t he lea st tox ic it y for rectal gland but in both organs Na+/K+-ATPase activity was T he prese nt resu lt s con fi r m t hat BmFA E ca n ac t a s a mu lt i f u nc t iona l the Italian population. These preliminary results demonstrate [email protected] unchanged. Plasma osmotic balance was not affected by elongase at both steps of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway for the sensitivity and suitability of these organisms to be used in reoxygenation and no cellular damage induced by oxidative mammals. Production of DHA in plant seed oil has been pursed to Estuarine sediments are the ultimate sink of contaminants, ecotoxicological bioassays and monitoring protocols. stress was observed in the gills after the hypoxic challenge. improve the availability of ω3 fatty acids that provide important as trace elements (TEs). Salinity changes are expected to However, gill hypoventilation was observed along with a human health benefits. This result supports the possibility of have intricate effects on elements geochemistry and on biota significant decrease in gill mitochondrial ATP-synthase. producing VL-PUFAs in oilseed crops on a large scale. sensitivity, mainly in organisms living in sediments, like Therefore, gills of the bamboo shark present high plasticity when polyc haetes. T he refore, t h i s st udy e xa m i nes t he i nte rac t ion s facing oxygen fluctuations. Two opposite physiological hypotheses of TEs and salinity changes on polychaetes performance. can be proposed: gill MRC proliferation could be a functional response The species Diopatra neapolitana, Hediste diversicolor and to altered acid/base blood regulation (rather than the osmotic Arenicola marina were exposed to TEs contaminated sediments A6.20 DIVERGENT MITOCHONDRIAL imbalance one could expect), or inactive MRC proliferation could (median and fine sand, collected from contaminated areas in PLASTICITY IN RESPONSE TO ANOXIA- be a n u n spec i fic physiolog ica l respon se to e nv i ron me nta l st ress. ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal) and salinities 21(S21), 28(S28- REOXYGENATION AND ELEVATED control) and 40(S40), for 28 days. Biochemical, behavior and SUCCINATE IN TWO ANOXIA-TOLERANT physiological responses of polychaetes were evaluated. After TROPICAL SHARKS e x posu re, bot h t y pes of sed i me nt s prese nted lowe r T Es (A s, Cd , Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn), when compared to original sediments, mainly medium sand exposed at S21 with H.diversicolor, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION highlighting that the burrowing behavior of this species and sa l i n it y c ha nges sed i me nt s T Es ava i labi l it y. Con side r i ng T Es GILLIAN RENSHAW (GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), accumulation in organisms, the three species accumulated JULES BL DEVAUX (UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND), more TEs at S21 and S40. Polychaetes biochemical response TONY JR HICKEY (UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND) evidence that LPO levels were higher at S40 for the three species for bot h sed i me nt s. A n i nc rea se of t he ac t iv it y of a nt iox ida nt [email protected] (SOD, C AT, GP x) a nd biot ra n sfor mat ion en z y mes (GSTs) wa s E x posu re to a nox ia rapid ly depletes AT P, a lte rs metabol ic pat hways obse r ved at S21 a nd S 4 0 for bot h sed i me nt s. E lec t ron t ra n spor t and compromises cellular function. Succinate accumulates in system activity decreased in H. diversicolor and A. marina mitochondria of ischemic brains and is rapidly oxidised upon re- e x posed at S 4 0 for bot h sed i me nt s, wh ic h wa s accompa n ied by a ox yge nat ion , wh ic h elevates elec t ron lea kage a s wel l a s i nc rea si ng decrease on these polychaetes burrowing capacity. D. neapolitana deleterious ROS production. While the neuronal function of most i nd iv idua l s e x posed at S21 a nd S 4 0, for bot h sed i me nt s, e x h ibited vertebrates is compromised after anoxia-reoxygenation (AR), lower capacity to regenerate their body when compared to S28. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 132 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 133

A6.24 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A6.25 BIOACCUMULATION AND A6.26 TOXIC IMPACTS OF A6.27 SALINITY ACCLIMATION OF WASTEWATER EXPOSURE ON A MANGROVE BIOCHEMICAL PATTERNS OF RUDITAPES RUTILE (TIO2 NPS) IN MYTILUS THREE-SPINED STICKLEBACKS LIVING CRAB: A FOCUS ON THE GILLS AND PHILIPPINARUM CLAMS FROM THE GALLOPROVINCIALIS EXPOSED TO IN A SOUTHERN HOT MARGIN: FROM HEPATOPANCREAS RIA DE AVEIRO (PORTUGAL): WARMING CONDITIONS GENE AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION TO RESPONSES TO SEASONALITY FISH O2 CONSUMPTION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION AND CONTAMINATION LEVELS THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION LAURA MÉGEVAND (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), CARLA LEITE (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION DIANA MARTINEZ-ALARCON (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, FRANCESCA COPPOLA (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, JEHAN-HERVÉ LIGNOT (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER MARBEC HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH, PORTUGAL), RUI MONTEIRO (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, SILVANA T COSTA (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, LABORATORY, FRANCE), EVA BLONDEAU-BIDET (UNIVERSITY FRANCE), DIMITRI THEUEURKAUFF (UNIVERSITY OF PORTUGAL), TANIA RUSSO (UNIVERSITÁ DEGLI STUDI DI PORTUGAL), FRANCESCA COPPOLA (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, OF MONTPELLIER MARBEC LABORATORY, FRANCE), SANDRINE MONTPELLIER CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE DE FORMATION ET DE NAPOLI FEDERICO II, ITALY), GIANLUCA POLESE (UNIVERSITÁ CESAM, PORTUGAL), JOEL LOPES (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CROCHEMORE (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER MARBEC RECHERCHE DE MAYOTTE, FRANCE), GEORGINA A RIVERA- DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II, ITALY), MIRTHA CESAM, PORTUGAL), BRUNO HENRIQUES (UNIVERSITY OF LABORATORY, FRANCE), QUENTIN RODRIGUEZ-BARUCG INGRAHAM (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER LABORATOIRE AO LOURENÇO (CICECO-AVEIRO INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS, AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), RUI MONTEIRO (UNIVERSITY (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER MARBEC LABORATORY, FRANCE), ENVIRONNEMENT DE PETIT SAUT HYDRECO GUYANE, FRANCE), PORTUGAL), PAULA FERREIRA (CICECO-AVEIRO INSTITUTE OF OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), AMADEU MVM SOARES KHALID RIND (SHAHEED BENAZIR BHUTTO UNIVERSITY, ELLIOTT SUCRÉ (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER CENTRE MATERIALS, PORTUGAL), EDUARDA PEREIRA (UNIVERSITY OF (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), JIANG ZENGJIE PAKISTAN) UNIVERSITAIRE DE FORMATION ET DE RECHERCHE DE AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), ROSA FREITAS (UNIVERSITY OF (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), EDUARDA MAYOTTE, FRANCE), JEHAN-HERVÉ LIGNOT (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL) PEREIRA (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL), [email protected] MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) ROSA FREITAS (UNIVERSITY OF AVEIRO, CESAM, PORTUGAL) [email protected] O ut- of-ra nge popu lat ion s mu st w it h sta nd spec i fic env i ron menta l conditions, especially for coastal aquatic species dealing [email protected] Climate change is leading to a gradual increase in the ocean [email protected] with predictable or unpredictable temperature and salinity Mangrove crabs play a key role in the functioning of the temperature, which can cause physiological and biochemical Shel l fi sh fa r m i ng a nd ha r vest i ng ac t iv it ies have been prac t iced for fluctuations. This is particularly relevant for fish living in a ecosystem through their bioturbation activity. They can be impairments in aquatic organisms. Furthermore, it is already long time in the Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Among several commercial ‘hot margin’, such as three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus used as bioindicators for health assessment of the mangrove repor ted t hat wa r m i ng may c ha nge t he prope r t ies a nd tox ic it y of bivalves, Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum represents one of the aculeatus L.). In the Camargue area (South of France), the ecosystem, especially when this ecosystem is used as a natural pollutants. The presence of pollutants in the aquatic ecosystems most important species inhabiting this ecosystem. Introduced in population of this species is still abundant. Salinity is a key filter for wastewater (WW) treatment processes. For instance, has been continuously increasing, with special concerns on the Portugal in 1984, naturalised R. philippinarum clam populations have parameter in this coastal environment with interconnected regular discharges of low-salinity, ammonia-rich WW impact growth of emerging pollutants such asna nopa r t ic les ( N Ps). D ue to bee n subjec ted to seve ra l pressu res t hat may t h reat t hei r su sta i nable freshwater canals, mesohaline and euryhaline lagoons. t he com mu n it y c rab spec ies but t he key e ffec t s on t he i nd iv idua l the broad applications of TiO NPs, the presence of these NPs have resource management: illegal fishing, harvesting in chemically 2 The effects of salinity and salinity changes on osmoregulation physiology are still under evaluation.Therefore, using the burrower greatly increased in aquatic systems. With rutile being the most polluted sites with impacts on human health, lack of control in and energy consumption were studied using gene and protein crab Neosarmatium africanum (Sesa r m idae) e x posed i n laborator y common polymorph of TiO , the rutileNPs are a good starting point terms of carrying capacity, with a risk for a progressive decline of 2 expressions of key ion and water transporters. Na+/K+-ATPase conditions to WW and ammonia (NH Cl) concentrations, we to assess its interaction with organisms. Thus, this study aimed to 4 the biomass. Funded by the ASARISAFE project, the environmental (NKA) activity in the gills was also evaluated along with O give physiological evidence indicating strong morphological and assess the effects of rutile NPs inMytilus galloprovincialis, under 2 quality of Manila clam productive sites was evaluated, focusing consumption. Sticklebacks were kept in laboratory conditions for functional effects on the gills and hepatopancreas. These two actual and predicted warming conditions. Organisms were exposed on inorganic pollution, namely health status of clams regarding 2 wee k s i n f reshwate r ( F W; 5 ‰), seawate r (S W; 30 ‰) or brac k i sh multifunctional organs are at the interface between the animal to different concentrations of rutile NPs (0, 5, 50, 100 µg/L) for 28 of bioacc u mu lat ion a nd r i sk s to hu ma n con su mpt ion , a nd c la m’s water (BSW; 15 ‰). Other acclimated fish were transferred and the external environment and play a key role in the general days at cont rol (18 ± 1.0 °C) a nd i nc rea sed (22 ± 1.0 °C) tempe rat u res. biochemical performance. Seasonal sampling campaigns (summer, from SW to FW and FW to SW for up to 72h. Expression of the metabol i sm a nd detox i f y i ng ac t iv it y of t he i nd iv idua l s. T he refore, Histopathological and biochemical changes were evaluated. autumn, winter, spring) were conducted in six R. philippinarum branchial NKA (NKAαa1a / b a nd N K Aα1c paralogs), aquaporin trypsin and chymotrypsin enzyme activity in the digestive gland, Histopathological results revealed enlarged impacts on gills and ha r vest i ng a rea s eva luat i ng i norga n ic pol lut ion level s i n c la m’s 3 (AQP3), sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) and sodium/ a long w it h t he ox idat ive ba la nce (reac t ive ox ygen spec ies i n t he d igest ive g la nd s w it h i nc rea si ng e x posu re concent rat ion s, w it h tissues, sediments and water. Clams biochemical performance in potassium/2chloride transporter (NKCC) were analysed. hemoly mph , a nt iox ida nt SOD, cata la se a nd GST en z y me ac t iv it ies) similar variations at both temperatures. Biochemical markers terms of metabolism, energy reserves and oxidative stress was Results revealed that sticklebacks can sustain different salinities have been quantified in the two studied organs. The study also showed that exposed mussels have an unchanged metabolic also assessed. Results highlighted mercury and arsenic (As) as and salinity changes with very limited energy use, although took i nto accou nt t he f u nc t iona l d i ffe rence bet ween a nte r ior a nd capac it y at 17 °C . Howeve r, t he metabol ic capac it y i nc rea sed at 22 °C . potentially toxic elements with the highest BAF (Bioaccumulation the gene and protein expressions of some transporters in the posterior gills. Finally, a morphological analysis has been conducted A lt houg h a nt iox ida nt defences a re on ly ac t ivated i n conta m i nated factor) values, with pollutants levels in tissues and sediments gills are rapidly modified. The effect of transcription-induced to c ha rac te r i ze t he d i ffe rent cel l t y pes i n t he hepatopa nc rea s, w it h organisms under increased temperature, the cellular damage varying among sampling areas and season. The lowest amount of c h i me r i sm t h roug h a lte r nat ive spl ic i ng of t he N K Aαa1a/b paralog a specific focus on the secretory B-cell type.Results provide an occurred under these conditions. Overall, our findings showed clam consumed per week to exceed the provisional tolerable week on its relative expression due to salinity changes is discussed. i nteg rated v iew of t he e ffec t s of W W a nd a m mon ia e x posu re on t hat h i stopat holog ica l i mpac t s occ u r red a f te r r ut i le N Ps e x posu re intake (PTWI) was found for As, 0.05 kg fresh weight. Further Altogether, this study reveals that Mediterranean coastal the gills and digestive gland. These biomarkers in the two studied regardless the temperature, while biochemical alterations were only correlation analyses demonstrated that clam’s biochemical sticklebacks have a strong euryhalinity capacity. Further organs constitute additional tools that can be used for functional significantly noticeable when temperature is enhanced to 22 °C. performance was not responding to tissues contamination levels work should also focus on the combined effects of temperature and mechanistic studies. but were closely related to seasons, with distinct metabolic capacity and salinity. and oxidative stress levels among distinct seasons. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 134 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 135

A6.28 LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF A6.29 ESTABLISHING UPPER A7 HEAT EXCHANGE WITH THE FLUOXETINE, PROPRANOLOL AND THERMAL LIMITS AND MECHANISMS OF DICLOFENAC EXPOSURE IN A TOP TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN AN IN IN ENVIRONMENT: MECHANISMS PREDATOR FISH VITRO FISH MODEL AND INSIGHTS INTO ANIMAL THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION IRINA A DUARTE (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADRIAN LOH (UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH, UNITED KINGDOM), ENERGETICS. SCIENCES CENTRE, PORTUGAL), PATRICK REIS-SANTOS JOANNA MIEST (UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH, UNITED KINGDOM) (MARE - ULISBOA, PORTUGAL), BERNARDO DUARTE (MARE - ULISBOA, PORTUGAL), LÉNIA D RATO (MARE - IPLEIRIA, [email protected] ENERGETICS: FROM PORTUGAL), SARA C NOVAIS (MARE - IPLEIRIA, PORTUGAL), It is well established that rising temperatures influence the MARCO FL LEMOS (MARE - IPLEIRIA, PORTUGAL), MARTA physiology of aquatic animals. Several in vivo studies have S SILVA (LABORATÓRIO DE FTICR E ESPECTROMETRIA DE establ i shed uppe r t he r ma l l i m it s ( Tc r it) i n va r iou s fi sh spec ies a nd MOLECULES TO ORGANISMS MASSA ESTRUTURAL FCUL, PORTUGAL), CARLOS CORDEIRO how these can acclimate to changes in environmental temperatures. (LABORATÓRIO DE FTICR E ESPECTROMETRIA DE MASSA The factors that determine upper thermal limits and acclimation ESTRUTURAL FCUL, PORTUGAL), VANESSA F FONSECA (MARE - capacity in fish remain vague reaching from systemic factors ULISBOA, PORTUGAL) suc h as ox ygen t ra nspor t l i m itat ions to cel lu la r aspec ts suc h as mitochondrial function. It is often difficult to entangle the cellular [email protected] mechanisms from the systemic response. We therefore aimed to GLENN TATTERSALL (BROCK UNIVERSITY) Pharmaceutical compounds are continuously released into the establish an in vitro model to study cellular temperature physiology. ORGANISED BY: aquatic environment, resulting in their ubiquitous presence Using a zebrafish liver cell line (ZF-L), we aimed to investigate the AND DOMINIC MCCAFFERTY (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW) in many estuarine and coastal systems. These compounds are te mpe rat u re tole ra nce profi le of t h i s i n v it ro syste m , a nd 2) eluc idate designed to produce effects at very low concentrations and target the cellular mechanisms that contribute to upper thermal limits. c ha nges i n rec ta l te mpe rat u re. Pe rhaps, be hav iora l adju st me nt s specific biological pathways, which in many cases are evollutionary We exposed ZF-L cells to a range of temperatures from 28 to 40 °C such as huddling would help these animals to avoid substantial body conserved. Hence, there is growing concern whether these for 2 to 6 h, before measuring cell viability, apoptosis induction A 7.1 CIRCADIAN RHYTHMICITY cooling during nocturnal periods. compounds elicit deleterious effects on aquatic organisms. In a nd e x pression of ge nes i nvolved i n cel lu la r st ress a nd metabol ic OF HEAT BALANCE AND BODY t h i s conte x t, long-te r m e ffec t s of t he e x posu re of t h ree d i ffe re nt pathways. Cell viability was stable up to 38 °C where a decrease TEMPERATURES OF HAIR COAT pharmaceutical compounds on juvenile meagre Argyrosomus sta r ted to be obse r ved . At 4 0 °C , cel l v iabi l it y wa s nea r 0 %. Heat shoc k regius were studied. Fish were exposed for 28 days to environmental protei n s, a nt iox ida nt s a nd metabol ic en z y mes we re upreg u lated SHEEP RAISED UNDER A TROPICAL conce nt rat ion s (30 0 ng / L to 30 µ g / L) of one of t h ree pha r maceut ica l s: with temperature but only heat shock proteins remained upregulated SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT A 7.2 COOKED OR EATEN? HIGH fluoxetine (antidepressant), propranolol (antihypertensive) and above 39 °C . T h i s suggest s a brea kdow n of metabol ic a nd a nt iox ida nt TEMPERATURES FORCE INCUBATING diclofenac (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent). Multiple pathways near Tcrit. In comparison to in vivo data our results suggest THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 BIRDS TO TRADE-OFF INCREASED biomarker responses were analyzed in liver, muscle, heart and that ZF-L cells can be used as a model to study thermal limits and give PREDATION RISK AGAINST brain tissues, namely antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes indications about the pathways involved in setting Tcrit. VINÍCIUS FC FONSÊCA (SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, activity (CAT, SOD, EROD, GST), biomarkers of effects (DNA damage, BRAZIL), ANDREA FULLER (UNIVERSITY OF WITSWATERSRAND, MAINTENANCE OF OPTIMAL L PO), of e ne rget ic metabol i sm ( L DH , I DH , E TS), a nd of neu rotox ic it y SOUTH AFRICA), ALEX SC MAIA (SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, INCUBATION CONDITIONS (ACh E). T he potent ia l for pha r maceut ica ls to bioconcent rate i n BRAZIL), CÍNTIA CM COSTA (SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, fish tissues was also investigated and a metabolomic analysis BRAZIL), MIKAEL LCM AMORIM (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:45 wa s pe r for med to sc reen for a ffec ted metabol ic pat hways. Resu lt s PARAIBA, BRAZIL), EDILSON P SARAIVA (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY prov ided new i n sig ht s i nto t he e ffec t s of pha r maceut ica l s e x posu re OF PARAIBA, BRAZIL) NICHOLAS PC HORROCKS (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED i n meag re a nd a re d i sc u ssed w it h i n t he conte x t of ecophysiolog y, a nd KINGDOM), JOLYON T TROSCIANKO (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, t he e ffec t s e nv i ron me nta l conta m i nat ion may have on top predator [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM), TONY JC FULFORD (UNIVERSITY OF fish species. The circadian rhythmicity is an adaptive mechanism of the animal, CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), LUKE MCCLEAN (UNIVERSITY which synchronize a wide range of physiological and behavioral OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA), KIYOKO GOTANDA (UNIVERSITY functions to counter with the possible offensive environmental OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), CLAIRE N SPOTTISWOODE conditions. This research was designed to assess the circadian (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM AND rhythmicity of body temperatures and sensible heat balance UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN) of Morada Nova sheep raised under a tropical semi-arid region. Twelve healthy non-lactating Morada Nova ewes (3 ± 1.2 years old, [email protected] body ma ss 32 .7 ± 3.7 kg ) we re a ssig ned i n t wo 12 × 12 lat i n squa re Ground-nesting birds can increase clutch survival by nesting desig n s (f rom 07:0 0 to 19:0 0 a nd f rom 19:0 0 to 07:0 0, respec t ively) in exposed locations that allow early detection and flight from for circadian assessments of their bio-thermal responses during a n approach i ng predator. By a lso lay i ng ca mou flaged eggs, t h is 24 consecutive days. Results revealed the presence of an explicit reduces the likelihood of nests being discovered, and thus predated. monophase in the ambient temperature circadian rhythm, which However, such sites often provide little protection from the sun, ranged between 22 and 37 °C. The sensible heat loss (i.e., long-wave and at our Zambian study site, unattended eggs can experience rad iat ion a nd su r face convec t ion) of Morada nova sheep e xceed s lethal temperatures. We hypothesised that high temperatures t he heat produced by metabol i sm bet ween 20:0 0 a nd 0 5:0 0h . T he constrain how long birds can safely leave eggs unattended, such educed rhythms of body temperatures (i.e., rectal, skin, and hair coat t hat at h ig he r te mpe rat u res, bi rd s a re forced to reduce t hei r fl ig ht surface) of ewes gradually increased (p < 0.05) from 05:00 to 19:00h i n it iat ion d i sta nces ( F I D – a mea su re of how c lose a n i nc ubat i ng bi rd w it h zen it h va lues of 39. 30, 37. 30, a nd 37.6 0 °C , a nd nad i r va lue of ca n be approac hed before t hey flee t he nest) i n orde r to m i n i m i se 37. 9 0, 34.4 0, a nd 31.0 0 °C , respec t ively. I n conc lu sion , t he Morada e x posu re of t hei r eggs. We cont i nuou sly recorded egg te mpe rat u res Nova sheep cou ld have some d i ffic u lt ies i n con se r v i ng t hei r body in six plover and courser species, while measuring FID across a range heat nocturnally, which may partly explain the observed circadian of a mbient tempe rat u res. At h ig he r tempe rat u res bi rd s reduced F I D, ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 136 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 137

exhaustive exercise in juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). and returned to shade their eggs more quickly once any disturbance Fish were acclimated to and exercised at 15°C, then allowed to e nded , t he reby t rad i ng- off dec rea sed e x posu re of t hei r eggs to t he A 7.4 THE ROLE OF PHENOTYPIC A 7.5 RESPIRATORY AND CUTANEOUS recover at either 15°C or 10°C while their excess post-exercise oxygen su n aga i n st i nc rea sed predat ion r i sk . F I D wa s shor te r for bi rd s w it h PLASTICITY IN THERMOREGULATORY HEAT LOSS IN ZEBRA FINCHES consumption (EPOC) was measured. Additionally, post-exercise darker eggs that might heat up more quickly, suggesting that egg metabolite levels were analyzed in fish assigned to one of three colouration and camouflage also influence trade-offs between CAPACITIES ON THE LEAF-EARED ACCLIMATED TO DIFFERENT THERMAL t he r ma l recove r y reg i mes: (i) 6 h recove r y at 15°C , (i i) 6 h recove r y at optimal incubation behaviour and predator avoidance. Higher MOUSE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND WATER REGIMES 10 °C , a nd (i i i) 3 h recove r y at 10 °C fol lowed by 3 h recove r y at 15°C (to temperatures, as predicted by climate change scenarios, will further UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE si mu late be hav iou ra l t he r moreg u lat ion). We fou nd t hat E POC wa s constrain ground-nesting birds attempting to breed at our study site. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:17 completed more rapidly at 10°C compared with 15°C, but 10°C had the t rade - off of h i nde r i ng t he recove r y of pla sma lac tate a nd osmola r it y THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:15 ANNA KOWALCZEWSKA (DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, levels. Specifically, post-exercise plasma lactate and osmolarity re ma i ned elevated for t he e nt i re recove r y pe r iod i n fi sh recove r i ng KARIN MALDONADO (FACULTAD DE ARTES LIBERALES, NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, POLAND), ROGER at 10 °C , whe rea s t hese recove red f u l ly by 6 h i n fi sh f rom t he ot he r A 7.3 HOT CAVE VS. DRY FOREST – UNIVERSIDAD ADOLFO IBÁÑEZ, CHILE), GABRIELA PIRIZ COLOMINAS-CIURÓ (DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, t wo recove r y reg i mes. Howeve r, fi sh d id not e x h ibit be hav iou ra l TORPOR AS RESPONSE TO CHALLENGING (DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS ECOLÓGICAS, FACULTAD DE NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, POLAND), MAŁGORZATA thermoregulation, with an average 53% of time spent in 15°C and CIENCIAS, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, CHILE), ALEJANDRO Y JEFIMOW (DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, NICOLAUS ENVIRONMENTS 47% of t i me spent i n 10 °C , suggest i ng t he physiolog ica l recove r y PAREDES (DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS ECOLÓGICAS, FACULTAD COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, POLAND), MICHAŁ S WOJCIECHOWSKI processes mea su red he re a re not pr ior it i zed by t he fi sh . DE CIENCIAS, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, CHILE), PABLO (DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, NICOLAUS COPERNICUS THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 SABAT (DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS ECOLÓGICAS, FACULTAD U NI VERSITY, P OL A N D) DE CIENCIAS, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, CHILE), DANIELA STEPHANIE REHER (UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG, GERMANY), FIGUEROA (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN APLICADA DE CHILE [email protected] HAJATIANA RABARISON (UNIVERSITÉ D’ANTANANARIVO, (CIACHI), CHILE) When ambient temperature exceeds body temperature, the only way A 7.7 LONG TERM SURFACE MADAGASCAR), KATHRIN H DAUSMANN (UNIVERSITY OF to dissipate heat is to evaporate water from the skin and respiratory TEMPERATURE RESPONSES TO HAMBURG, GERMANY) [email protected] t rac t su r faces. Howeve r, t h i s br i ngs about a sig n i fica nt loss of wate r, RECURRENT ACUTE STRESSORS which may be life-threatening under hot and dry conditions. We [email protected] There is good evidence that terrestrial and aquatic species a sked whet he r prolonged e x posu re to hot a nd desiccat i ng cond it ion s distributions are shifting in response to climate change. Moreover, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 Mammals rest up to 20 h per day and often seek shelter for these resu lt s i n adju st me nt s i n c uta neou s a nd respi rator y heat loss. To it has been shown that several temperature-related shifts are in the periods. The quality of the sleeping site can therefore have profound answer this question we used 40 male zebra finches Taeniopygia( way e x pec ted due to t hei r physiolog ica l respon ses to te mpe rat u re. KATHERINE A HERBORN (UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH, UNITED e ffec t s on ba la nc i ng energ y e x pend it u re w it h acqu isit ion . T h is guttata) that were acclimated to different thermal and water Accord i ng ly, some hy pot heses have foc u sed on t he idea t hat a n i ma ls’ KINGDOM), BENJAMIN WILSON (NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY, is particularly true for bats since they are small endotherms with conditions. Ten out of 20 birds exposed to 23 °C were water-deprived physiological traits are the main factors limiting species geographic UNITED KINGDOM), MALCOLM MITCHELL (SRUC, UNITED large uninsulated flight membranes promoting heat and water for ha l f of t he dayl ig ht hou rs. T he re ma i n i ng 20 bi rd s we re e x posed ranges. In this context, phenotypic plasticity in physiological KINGDOM), ALAN MCELLIGOTT (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, loss. In the tropics, cold and insulated roosts buffering daytime to 4 0 °C du r i ng t he day a nd ha l f of t he m wa s a l so wate r- depr ived thermoregulatory capabilities has been proposed as a key UNITED KINGDOM), LUCY ASHER (NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY, tempe rat u re e x t remes a nd posi ng m i n i ma l ene rget ic con st ra i nt s for 6 h/day. After a 3-month acclimation we measured cutaneous mechanism to deal with future environmental changes. To evaluate UNITED KINGDOM) should generally be favoured. Nevertheless, the bat Macronycteris (CEHL) and respiratory (REHL) evaporative heat loss by open-flow the role of phenotypic plasticity in the potential animal distribution, commersoni roosts in large aggregations in a hot cave year-round respi romet r y at 25 a nd 4 0 °C . O ve ra l l, acc l i mat ion to hot or wate r we e xa m i ned some t he r moreg u lator y capac it ies ( TC ; metabol ic [email protected] (≥ 32 °C) in Madagascar’s calcareous plateau but solitary in rest r ic t ion d id not a ffec t C E H L or R E H L . I n a l l bi rd s mea su red at 25 °C , rates, thermal conductance and critical thermal limits) and its u nde rstor y sh r ubs offe r i ng no protec t ion f rom day t i me e x t re mes CEHL was ~50% greater than REHL, while at 40 °C REHL markedly Stress elevates body core temperature, a response termed ‘stress- fle x ibi l it y i n t wo rode nt popu lat ion s (Phyllotis darwini) from the in dry forests. Both types of roosts raise intriguing questions about i nc rea sed a nd wa s ~3 t i mes h ig he r t ha n C E H L . D u r i ng e x posu re i nduced hy pe r t he r m ia’. I n laborator y st ud ies, body su r face cool i ng northern and southernmost limits of their geographical distribution. energy management and microclimate choice in an environment to 40 °C, REHL increased ~2-5 times compared to 25 °C. Results is simultaneously observed: vasoconstriction in the periphery This information was then incorporated into species distribution where bats are potentially water- and energy-restricted. By suppor t t he t heor y t hat i n pa sse r i nes R E H L i s t he ma i n met hod of shu nt s blood a nd he nce wa r mt h to t he core. Depe nde nt on st ressor models (SDMs), in order to project the potential distribution of relating skin temperature and metabolic rate measurements to energy dissipation under heat stress. The study was supported by magnitude, with recovery a short term surface warming may P. darwini in four climate changes scenarios. Contrarily to our their local environmental characteristics, we could track how they t he Nat iona l Sc ie nce Ce nte r g ra nt 2017/25/ B/ N Z 8/0 0 541. also be observed as core heat is dissipated. Little is known about expectations, we found a small effect of phenotypic plasticity in physiologically cope with these conditions. M. commersoni entered t he i mpac t of rec u r rent ac ute st ress e x posu re on long te r m su r face TC on the future species distribution, showing a distribution area torpor to cope with the heat. Metabolic rate was remarkably low temperature. Chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) emit a repetitive, only 2-3% higher in comparison with the SDMs that contained though, suggesting metabolic inhibition despite barely reduced or h ig h ene rg y ‘d i st ress’ ca l l when ac utely st ressed . Pha r macolog ica l a n i ma l s’ TC w it hout con side r i ng it s pla st ic it y. Fu nded by CON IC Y T/ even hyperthermic skin temperature. By accumulating heat instead studies have shown that chicks in an “anxiety-like” state distress FON DEC Y T 115134 3 to K M . A 7.6 BEHAVIOURAL of t r y i ng to du mp it, wate r i s not “ wa sted” v ia evaporat ive cool i ng, THERMOREGULATION AND METABOLIC call continuously, while chicks in a “depression-like” state call which is the only option for actively regulating body temperature intermittently, at half the total rate. Using cognitive bias tests, we at a mbient tempe rat u res e xceed i ng nor mot he r m ia. O t he r t ropica l RECOVERY AFTER EXHAUSTIVE fou nd t hat e x posu re to a r t i fic ia l ly ge ne rated st i mu l i t hat m i m ic ked species might cope with their local environment and weather EXERCISE IN BROOK TROUT these natural call distributions put chicks into comparable emotional extremes in a similar way. However, high body temperatures (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) states, suggesting emotional contagion. Comb surface temperature might be misleading and mask possible hypometabolic states, was measured in the same chicks using an overhead thermal camera. which underlines the necessity of further investigation in tropical In trial 1 (3 flocks× 12 c h ic k s), one day ’s rec u r re nt e x posu re to bout s THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:19 “hot” torpor. of ‘depression-l i ke’ ca l ls (15 m i n / hou r) i nc rea sed ba sel i ne su r face temperature by 1°C within the day. In trial 2 (127 individuals), LAUREN E ROWSEY (UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT exposure to bouts of ‘anxiety-like’ calls in early life (days 3-7) was JOHN, CANADA), BEN SPEERS-ROESCH (UNIVERSITY OF associated with a greater surface temperature response to acute NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT JOHN, CANADA), JAMES D KIEFFER stress ~30 days later. Treatment effects on grow th rate and feed (UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT JOHN, CANADA) intake were also observed. We discuss surface temperature increase as a potential long term physiological cost of emotional state. [email protected] The effects of temperature on post-exercise recovery in fishes are widely studied, but questions remain about which metabolic processes are most important in driving temperature-dependent recovery and whether fish prioritize certain processes through thermal preference. For example, is it more advantageous to recover oxygen debt faster at cooler temperatures or remove lactate quickly at wa r me r te mpe rat u res? We e xa m i ned t he i n flue nce of te mpe rat u re on recovery processes and behavioural thermoregulation following ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 138 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 139

t her ma l responses of a n i ma ls i n t he conte x t of bot h capt ive a nd following two treatments: 1) constant food supplementation thereby A 7.8 ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL wild animal welfare. We discuss the strengths and limitations of providing the birds with predictable food availability and 2) no food A 7.1 3 PLUMAGE DEVELOPMENT AND STATE IN FREE-LIVING BIRDS USING d i ffe rent approac hes to body tempe rat u re mea su rement to e xa m i ne supplementation where the birds would experience a natural and ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE physiological stress, thermal comfort and how modelling heat unpredictable food availability. Wild great tits were implanted INFRARED THERMAL IMAGING e xc ha nge ca n g ive i n sig ht s i nto metabol ic cost s. subcutaneously with a temperature-sensitive passive integrated SURFACE TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS transponder (PIT). A few weeks later, PIT-tagged birds were collected IN WANDERING ALBATROSS (DIOMEDEA THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:30 from the field and placed in a climate-controlled chamber at -10°C EXULANS) CHICKS to mimic a severe winter night. The chamber was connected to a PAUL JEREM (UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), respirometer for MR measurements while T was recorded every A 7.1 0 THERMAL AND METABOLIC b THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:10 DOMINIC MCCAFFERTY (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED RESPONSES TO DISEASE IN BIRDS minute via a PIT tag reader. In total, we measured 25 individuals KINGDOM), DOROTHY MCKEEGAN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, from predictable and 22 individuals from the unpredictable food DAVID W STONE (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH UNITED KINGDOM), RUEDI NAGER (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, treatment. Since the birds in the predictable food treatment can AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 gather enough energy reserves during the day, we predicted that UNITED KINGDOM), CARRIE GUNN (BRITISH ANTARCTIC they would maintain their T close to their normothermic range and b SURVEY, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREAS NORD (DEPARTMENT OF [email protected] ANDREAS NORD (LUND UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, have h ig he r M R compa red w it h t he bi rd s e x pe r ie nc i ng u npred ic table BIOLOGY, LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), RICHARD A PHILLIPS SECTION FOR EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, SWEDEN) food availability, who would lower their MR and enter deeper Assessment of physiological state in natural environments generally (BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY, UNITED KINGDOM), DOMINIC J hypothermia to conserve energy. requires subjects are trapped and handled, to sample blood or [email protected] MCCAFFERTY (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH tissues, or for measurement devices to be attached/implanted. AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, Such methods limit research to species and individuals that can be In endotherms, infection by pathogens triggers secretion of UNITED KINGDOM) caught, restricting the generalisability of findings. Also, natural immunological molecules, increased metabolic rate, and fever, behaviours are interrupted, and subsequent physiology, behaviour that collectively keep development of disease at bay. While a proper A 7.1 2 SURFACE, PERIPHERAL AND [email protected] and performance can be affected. One alternative strategy is to immune response is crucial for survival, investment in immunity INTERNAL TEMPERATURE REWARMING E ffec t ive t he r moreg u lat ion i s a key fac tor i n flue nc i ng t he su r v iva l e xa m i ne t ra it s t hat ca n be mea su red w it hout i nva sive sa mpl i ng, may be compromised by resource availability because animals AFTER HYPOTHERMIA: AN UNEXPECTED of an organism growing in a harsh climate. Young birds in cold which relate to underlying physiological processes in a predictable need to balance energy allocation to pathogen defense against STRATEGY environments face a range of age-specific thermal challenges way. Body te mpe rat u re i s prom i si ng i n t h i s conte x t , bei ng l i n ked that to other energetically costly processes. This can explain that may increase their cost of thermoregulation. Studying the with multiple physiological functions, including metabolism and why the strength of immune responses often vary predictably thermal biology of young birds throughout ontogeny may further stress-state. Nonetheless, relationships between physiological with harshness or productivity of the environment in which THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 our understanding of how such challenges are met. We investigated state and body temperature remain poorly understood in free-living disease is contracted. In birds, this is sometimes manifested by a how age and environmental parameters influenced surface species, principally as measuring body temperature also used to downregulation, or complete abolishment, of fever and metabolic AGNÈS LEWDEN (SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY temperature gradients across various body regions of wandering require trapping and handling. Recently, however, low-cost, responses at low environmental temperature or in otherwise OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED albatross (Diomedea exulans) chicks on Bird Island, South Georgia highly-portable thermal imaging cameras have opened up new resource-limited situations. Superimposed on such variation are KINGDOM), ANDREAS NORD (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, SECTION over a 200 d period until fledging. We found that age effects related opportunities to remotely measure body surface temperature (T ) effects of body size a nd phylogeny, da i ly a nd seasona l t i m i ng of FOR EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY, LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), s to plumage development were an important driver of variation in multiple times per-second. We investigated the applicability of T , disease, and a dose-dependence that may sometimes even cause MANFRED R ENSTIPP (IPHC-CNRS STRASBOURG, FRANCE), s surface temperature gradients in insulated body regions (trunk, measured using thermal imaging, as an indicator of physiological hypothermia and consequent downregulation of metabolism. In this YVES HANDRICH (IPHC-CNRS STRASBOURG, FRANCE), DOMINIC head). E nv i ron me nta l cond it ion s had a st ronge r i n fluence on t he state in free-living organisms. Specifically, we comparedT with talk, I outline general patterns of thermal and metabolic responses to J MCCAFFERTY (SCOTTISH CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND THE s gradients in uninsulated areas (eye, bill) than insulated regions, plasma corticosterone and body condition, and examined the disease in birds, and exemplify these using data from our own work NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, wh ic h wa s presu med to re flec t t he relat ive deg ree of homeot he r my effect of acute stress onT , in wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruelus). to discuss how investment in immunity is shaped by circadian and UNITED KINGDOM) s e x h ibited by a c h ic k of a g ive n age. T he resu lt s of t h i s st udy br idge In undisturbed birds, baseline T was related to body condition circannual phases, phenology, and life history. Particular emphasis s an apparent knowledge gap concerning the development of and baseline corticosterone. T also exhibited a complex response will be put on the relationship between body temperature change [email protected] s temperature regulation in growing birds with a long chick-rearing during acute stress, with dynamics linked to physiological state and energy costs, and between energy costs and immunological The Southern ocean presents a severe thermoregulatory challenge period in a severe climate. It therefore provides a solid foundation for independently of environmental conditions, within the range we respon ses, a nd how eac h of t hese pa ra mete rs relate to heat e xc ha nge for penguins. Insulation from plumage and fat, together with f u r t he r st udy of t he e ffec t s of env i ron menta l st ressors on developi ng measured. Combined, these results suggest thermal imaging could between the animal and its environment. regional heterothermy and counter-current heat exchange c h ic k s i n t he field , helpi ng to pred ic t physiolog ica l respon ses of t hese provide a novel, non-invasive method for inferring both shorter and arrangements in uninsulated appendages minimize heat loss from animals to changes in climate regimes in polar regions. longer-term physiological state in free-living organisms. the body. Therefore, penguins return to shore in a hypothermic state but little is known about changes in body temperature during A 7.1 1 EFFECTS OF WINTER FOOD this major thermal transition from cold water to warmer air. AVAILABILITY ON THE ENERGY BUDGET An energy saving hypothesis suggests that hypothermic birds will USING BODY TEMPERATURE AND A 7.9 OF A WILD PASSERINE maintain peripheral vasoconstriction until they reach internal HEAT EXCHANGE TO ASSESS CAPTIVE normothermia, whereas a thermal window hypothesis predicts that birds will increase blood flow to appendages to regulate heat exchange AND WILD ANIMAL WELFARE THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 and avoid hyperthermia in the warmer and less conductive air. We therefore compared internal, peripheral (subcutaneous) and surface THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:45 SACHIN ANAND (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), HANNAH temperatures of insulated and uninsulated areas of hypothermic and WATSON (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), JOHAN NILSSON (LUND normothermic king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) when they DOMINIC J MCCAFFERTY (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), JAN-ÅKE NILSSON (LUND UNIVERSITY, hauled out of the water and measured metabolic rate during this period. ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF SWEDEN) Surface and subcutaneous temperature of insulated as well as GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), GLENN J TATTERSALL (BROCK uninsulated peripheral tissues reached normothermia well before UNIVERSITY, CANADA) [email protected] internal temperature was restored. Peripheral reperfusion, as Birds living in temperate regions face an energetically demanding indicated by increasing temperature, does not appear to prevent [email protected] period in winter, when food availability becomes reduced and recovery of internal temperature, although there was a cost of higher Measurement of body temperature provides opportunities for unpredictable. To conserve energy, wintering passerines reduce metabolic rate during peripheral rewarming than during rewarming examining physiological and behavioural responses of animals to their metabolic rate (MR) and body temperature (Tb ) during the of internal temperature alone. The properties of each tissue appear stressors or conditions within their environment. Thermal imaging n ig ht to e nte r a state of hy pot he r m ia. T he e ffec t of food ava i labi l it y to highlight different reasons for blood flow restoration. With a and many other temperature logging technologies are now becoming on the energy budget of birds is not fully understood. Therefore, combination of invasive and non-invasive techniques, these results key tools for non-invasive assessment of animal welfare. We review we studied the energy budget using wild great tits (Parus major) provide valuable insights into thermoregulation of penguins on land, recent applications using body temperature recording to investigate by concurrently measuring MR and Tb during the night in the whe re f ut u re c ha nges i n c l i mate a re e x pec ted . ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 140 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 141

to assess how temperature, precipitation, photoperiod and changes A 7.1 4 THERMAL CHALLENGES DURING A 7.1 5 ANIMAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE A 7.1 6 HOW DOES WINTER FOOD SUPPLY in population size determine winter occupancy. We also investigated FORAGING SUGGEST AN ENERGETIC AND EVAPORATIVE HEAT TRANSFER MODULATE THE FEVER RESPONSE IN A how locat ion (e x posu re a nd a spec t) i n flue nced m ic roc l i mate a nd probabi l it y of u si ng t he nest box a s a roost site. O ve ra l l, we fou nd low BOTTLENECK FOR JUVENILE KING SMALL BIRD? occupancy throughout the winter (2-10 %) and our results suggest a THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:40 PENGUINS DURING THEIR EARLY negative correlation between photoperiod and occupancy, with more THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:55 birds roosting as daylength increased. However, occupancy did not LIFE AT SEA DUNCAN MITCHELL (SCHOOL OF PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF appea r to be cor related eit he r w it h weat he r or nest box tempe rat u re. THE WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA), ROBYN S HETEM (SCHOOL HANNAH WATSON (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), JAN-ÅKE T hese fi nd i ngs suggest nest box occupa nc y is l i n ked to cha nges THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:25 OF ANIMAL PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY NILSSON (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), JOHAN NILSSON in local population size that decreased at the start of winter and OF THE WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA), EDWARD P SNELLING (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) increased in late winter/early spring. Results from our study in a MANFRED R ENSTIPP (IPHC-DEPE-CNRS AND CENTRE D’ETUDES (DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF relatively warm-temperate location, complement previous studies BIOLOGIQUES DE CHIZÉ CNRS, FRANCE), CHARLES-ANDRÉ PRETORIA FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE, SOUTH AFRICA), [email protected] in harsher, continental climates and add to our understanding of BOST (CENTRE D’ETUDES BIOLOGIQUES DE CHIZÉ CNRS, SHANE K MALONEY (SCHOOL OF HUMAN SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY I n ve r tebrates, feve r - a fi nely reg u lated i nc rea se i n body te mpe rat u re overwintering strategies of small passerines. FRANCE), CÉLINE LE BOHEC (IPHC-DEPE-CNRS AND CENTRE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA), VINICIUS FC FONSÊCA - is integral to the acute phase response to an invading pathogen. SCIENTIFIQUE DE MONACO, FRANCE), CAROLINE BOST (CENTRE (INNOVATION IN ANIMAL BIOMETEOROLOGY GROUP, SAO PAULO While beneficial in fighting pathogens, fever is energetically D’ETUDES BIOLOGIQUES DE CHIZÉ CNRS, FRANCE), YVON STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL), ANDREA FULLER (SCHOOL OF costly, and mounting a fever response is thus likely to trade off LE MAHO (IPHC-DEPE-CNRS AND CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE DE PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH against competing energetic demands for e.g. reproduction, MONACO, FRANCE), HENRI WEIMERSKIRCH (CENTRE D’ETUDES AFRICA) A 7.1 8 THE EFFECTS OF WINTER t he r moreg u lat ion , a nd forag i ng. D u r i ng w i nte r, i n cold te mpe rate BIOLOGIQUES DE CHIZÉ CNRS, FRANCE), YVES HANDRICH WEATHER ON AVIAN ENERGETICS regions, small vertebrates are likely to be even more constrained (IPHC-DEPE-CNRS, FRANCE) [email protected] in respect of energy available for mounting an immune response. IN A CHANGING CLIMATE Until recently, active sweating was considered essential for Furthermore, during the long winter nights, a fever response may [email protected] controlled surface evaporative cooling, but controlled evaporative be at odds with the simultaneous reduction in body temperature and THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:59 The early life at sea of marine top predators, like deep diving king cool i ng occ u rs a lso by pa ssive d i ff u sion ac ross t he sk i n , i ndependent metabolic rate that small birds typically employ in order to conserve penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), is likely a critical phase. of sweat gland activity. Surface temperature plays a modulating role energy reserves. We have previously shown that the predictability HEATHER REILLY (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), Apart from finding favourable foraging sites, they have to develop on sweat g la nd ac t iv it y but probably a more - d i rec t role on d i ff u sion of food resou rces, a nd t he refore acqu i sit ion of ene rg y, i n fluences t he ANNA HUXTABLE (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), e ffec t ive prey sea rc h pat te r n s a s wel l a s physiolog ica l capac it ies rate. Dolichomorphic mammals are at an advantage because the depth of rest-phase hypothermia in wild birds in winter. Similarly, DOMINIC J MCCAFFERTY (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED that enable them to capture sufficient prey, often at great depth, evaporative heat transfer coefficient is higher for narrow body we expect that food availability is likely to influence the magnitude KINGDOM), ANDREAS NORD (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) to meet their energetic needs. To investigate the ontogeny of their parts. Large mammals also are at an advantage because they have of the nocturnal fever response. We manipulated food availability in t he r moreg u lator y respon ses at sea , we i mpla nted 30 juve n i le k i ng the surface area necessary for high evaporation and evaporate a the wild for great tits Parus major wintering in southern Sweden. In [email protected] penguins and eight adult breeders with a small data logger that smaller proportion of their body water pool per Watt of cooling. late winter, birds exposed to both ‘predictable’ and ‘unpredictable’ Winter is an energetically demanding season for small birds as low recorded pressure and subcutaneous temperature continuously for In spite of relative humidity being the psychrometric variable food resources were subject to an immune challenge, via injection of temperature induce high thermoregulatory costs that coincide with up to 2.5 years. We found important changes in the development of ident i fied i n a l most a l l a na lyses of evaporat ive heat t ra n sfe r, t he lipopolysaccharide (LPS); continuous recording of body temperature low food availability and, often, severe weather. Changing winter peripheral temperature patterns of foraging juvenile king penguins rate of evaporation depends on surface and atmospheric water throughout the night, via subcutaneous temperature-sensitive climate, e.g. increasing temperature and precipitation, and higher t h roug hout t hei r fi rst yea r at sea. Pe r iphe ra l tempe rat u re du r i ng vapour pressure, not atmospheric relative humidity; it is possible PIT tags, enabled detailed quantification of the thermoregulatory f reque nc y of e x t re me weat he r eve nt s, i s l i kely to have e ne rget ic foraging bouts, when peripheral vasoconstriction leads to a thermal for an animal to cool evaporatively in an atmosphere with a relative response to an immune challenge under different levels of resource consequences for these birds. The aim of this study was therefore gradient between the warmer body core and the cooler shell, fell humidity of 100%. For psychrometric reasons, the gradient for predictability. These findings will shed new light on the trade-offs to determine thermoregulatory costs during winter in three species to increasingly lower levels during the first 6 months at sea, after surface evaporative cooling increases steeply when surface associated with food acquisition, thermoregulation and immune of sy mpat r ic pa sse r i nes of d i ffe rent body si zes a nd w it h d i ffe rent which it stabilized. Most importantly, these changes re-occurred temperature increases. However, because the phase change of water function in small birds. foraging ecology, and use these data to predict how future climate- du r i ng t hei r second yea r at sea, a f te r bi rd s had fa sted for ~4 wee k s from liquid to vapour is isothermal, surface temperature remains shifts will impact energetic responses to the environment. We on land during their 2nd molt. Furthermore, similar peripheral constant during further increases in surface evaporative cooling undertook weekly thermal imaging of blue (Cyanistes caeruleus) temperature patterns were also present in adult birds during once the surface is fully wet, and then the measurement of surface coal (Periparus ater) and great tits (Parus major) during the winter foraging trips throughout their breeding cycle. We suggest that these temperature provides no information on the rate of evaporative A 7.1 7 SEASONAL VARIATION IN USE of 2018-19 in the west of Scotland, UK, to obtain body surface sea sona l te mpe rat u re c ha nges ma i n ly re flec t d i ffe re nces i n t he r mal cooling. In environments where radiation and convection impose OF NEST BOXES AS ENERGY SAVING temperatures in active birds during daylight periods. These data i n su lat ion , a ssoc iated w it h mod i ficat ion s of t he subc uta neou s fat a heat gain on mammals, predicted to become increasingly common were used in a biophysical heat transfer model incorporating bird layer. Heat loss estimates for juveniles at sea were initially high but under climate change, maintaining body temperature will depend STRATEGY OF BLUE TITS (CYANISTES biometrics and meteorological data, to estimate metabolic heat loss. dec l i ned to ~ha l f, a f te r ~ 6 mont h s at sea, i nd icat i ng t hat juve n i le on sustained evaporative cooling and consequently access to water, CAERULEUS) IN WINTER The metabolic cost of thermoregulation was strongly correlated king penguins face a strong energetic challenge during their early a diminishing resource in arid regions. with environmental conditions throughout the winter, showing oceanic existence. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:57 va r iat ion i n costs was species-speci fic. Ou r st udy suggests t hat metabolic savings due to elevated winter temperatures may be ANNA HUXTABLE (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL offset by i nc rea si ng prec ipitat ion a nd w i nd du r i ng seve re weat he r HEALTH AND COMPERATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF events, with possible consequences for energetics of these small GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREAS NORD (DEPARTMENT FOR resident birds. BIOLOGY, LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), DOMINIC MCCAFFERTY (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH, COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] Roosting in a sheltered site is often reported to have thermal adva ntages for sma l l e ndot he r m s, by m i n i m i si ng heat e xc ha nge with the environment and thermal benefits from favourable m ic roc l i mates. Ma ny spec ies of bi rd s c hoose to roost i n nest boxes in winter but the extent to which this behaviour is influenced by weather and the thermal advantages of roosting is often poorly understood. We investigated the seasonal variation in the occupancy of nest boxes by blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in a temperate oak woodland in the west of Scotland during winter 2018-19. The aim was ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 142 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 143

such as hygrometry, thermal conductivity, porosity, compacity, A 7.1 9 USING DRONES WITH THERMAL etc. This paper presents comparative analysis of integuments A7.22 HEAT EXCHANGE AND INFRARED SENSORS FOR ANIMAL according to their multi-regulation performance and biotopes. The THERMOREGULATION: METHODOLOGIES compa r i son i s ba sed on t he a na lysi s of d i ffe re nt spec ies of a n i ma l s. CONSERVATION It w i l l prov ide t he fi rst i nteg rat ive ove r v iew of mu lt i-reg u lat i ng AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS biological envelopes for a translatable biomimetic purpose to the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:40 building industry. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:40

SERGE WICH (LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY, GLENN J TATTERSALL (BROCK UNIVERSITY, CANADA), DOMINIC UNITED KINGDOM), STEVE LONGMORE (LIVERPOOL JOHN J MCCAFFERTY (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) MOORES UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), CLAIRE BURKE A 7.2 1 WET-BULB TEMPERATURE IS [email protected] (LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), NO GOOD AT PREDICTING HUMAN MAISIE RASHMAN (LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY, The advent of noninvasive thermal instrumentation has accelerated UNITED KINGDOM), OWEN MCAREE (LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES RESPONSES TO HOT ENVIRONMENTS AND our understanding of thermoregulatory processes, allowing for UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), PAUL MCWHIRTER (LIVERPOOL EASY-TO-USE ALTERNATIVES EXIST re fi ned mea su re me nt s of heat e xc ha nge. Nu me rou s i n sig ht s i nto JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), JOSH VEITCH- heat transfer and thermoregulation can be obtained with careful MICHAELIS (LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:25 application of portable infrared imaging technology. At the UNITED KINGDOM) whole animal scale, heat transfer is estimated using the surface SHANE K MALONEY (THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, temperature estimates in combination with steady state biophysical [email protected] AUSTRALIA), DUNCAN MITCHELL (UNIVERSITY OF THE modelling, however, limited calorimetric measurements have been La nd-cover cha nge a nd hu nt i ng a re lead i ng to major decl i nes i n WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA), MICHAEL R KEARNEY conducted to validate these assumptions. Surface temperature tropical biodiversity. The fast changes occurring in the tropics place (THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA) estimates, at least in endotherms, allow for modelling heat exchange a n u rge nt need on rapid a nd a ffordable tec h n iques to mon itor w i ld l i fe from peripheral organs (i.e. thermal windows), which enhances our and its habitats. Recently the use of drones in conservation has [email protected] understanding of physiological control of peripheral blood flow. i nc rea sed ma rked ly. D rones a l low for t he acqu i sit ion of data w it h a With proper attention, thermal neutral zones of endotherms can Because heat exchange between humans and the environment va r iet y of sen sors. T he major it y of resea rc h ha s been conduc ted w it h be estimated by assessing the manner in which peripheral heat loss depends on factors in addition to the temperature of the air, many visual spectrum sensors but these have limitations in terms of their is recruited to critical thermal windows under active vasomotor i nd ices have bee n developed t hat at te mpt to i ncor porate t he e ffec t spectral bandwidth and observations during times when daylight control. Since surface temperatures are a function of both the of t hose ot her factors on hu ma n responses to heat. For exa mple, is available. Here we focus on the use of thermal infrared sensors for a mbie nt te mpe rat u re a nd t he rate of heat e xc ha nge at t hat su r face, convec t ive heat e xc ha nge depe nd s on t he a i r te mpe rat u re a nd a l so t he detec t ion a nd c la ssi ficat ion of a n i ma l s a nd poac he rs. We w i l l relative changes in evaporative cooling are also possible to extract on the wind speed, radiative heat exchange depends on the surface provide results from studies on orangutans in Sabah, poachers in with infrared imaging, where the latent heat of evaporation can temperature of every object that the body can “see” (the mean Ta n za n ia , spide r mon keys i n Me x ico a nd ongoi ng test s i n t he Un ited of te n e xceed t he rate of su r face heat ga i n f rom blood flow or rad ia nt radiant temperature), and evaporative heat exchange depends on K i ngdom . T hese resu lt s i nd icate t hat t he r ma l i n f ra red se n sors ca n heat transfer. As a result, it is possible to use infrared imaging to the ambient water vapour pressure and the wind speed. In many facilitate animal detection, but that time of day and vegetation non-invasively capture transient thermal changes associated studies of human responses to heat, wet-bulb temperature, which i n flue nces detec t ion . We prov ide some prel i m i na r y resu lt s on t he with breathing along with the degree of respiratory cooling. In this depends on only air temperature and water vapour pressure, has usage of machine learning to detect and classify animals on thermal presentation, we will discuss recent research highlighting these bee n u sed a s a si ng le i nde x to pred ic t how hu ma n ac t iv it y (i nc lud i ng footage. We will end with some thoughts on future plans. techniques and how they apply to questions in organismal biology. labour productivity) will be impacted in a climate-changed future. Current computational challenges with the imaging approach to We show that the wet-bulb temperature correlates poorly with the heat e xc ha nge w i l l be d i sc u ssed . upper limit of the prescriptive zone for active humans. An alternative to a simplified index is to embrace the complexity and employ rational A 7.2 0 A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS heat ba la nce model l i ng to est i mate eac h route of heat e xc ha nge, to OF BIOLOGICAL ENVELOPES FOR sum the outcomes to estimate overall heat balance, and to use heat ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS balance to predict responses to heat. Several such models have been developed and employed with varying success. The rise in computer power and ease of use of software platforms, such as R, has made the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:10 implementation of such models less arduous. We use one such model ESTELLE CRUZ (MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PARIS - MECADEV to show the hazards of using wet-bulb temperature for predicting UMR 7179, FRANCE), PIERRE-YVES HENRY (MUSEUM OF NATURAL labour productivity in a climate-changed future. HISTORY PARIS - MECADEV UMR 7179, FRANCE), CAROLINE GILBERT (MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PARIS - MECADEV UMR 7179, FRANCE), KALINA RASKIN (CEEBIOS - FRENCH NETWORK IN BIOMIMETICS, FRANCE), FABIENNE AUJARD (MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PARIS - MECADEV UMR 7179, FRANCE)

[email protected]

Buildings account for a significant part of the total energy consumption in developed countries. As interfaces between the indoor and outdoor environment, building envelopes play a major role in the energy efficiency of the building. They must be multi- functional and adaptive through days and seasons to achieve multi-regulation. Shaped by environmental pressures, biological organisms have developed sophisticated adaptations. Among those, integuments of living organisms, as diverse as skin, hairs, cuticles, etc can manage the same environmental factors as building envelopes. Their thermal, acoustic, light, humidity and a i r reg u lat ion capac it ies ca n be qua nt i fied u si ng physica l pa ra mete rs ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 144 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 145

daily mean auxiliary heart rate (activity energy expenditure) was A8 HOW DO ANIMALS MANAGE A8.3 DOES REGRESSION DILUTION found, indicating the compensation model of energy management – AFFECT INTERPRETATIONS OF ENERGY lac tat i ng sea ls t rade - off ene rg y spent on bac kg rou nd metabol ic cost s THEIR ENERGY EXPENDITURE? MANAGEMENT PATTERNS? against energy spent on activity, thus maintaining a reasonably con sta nt da i ly e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re. We fou nd t hat most fe ma les exhibit this energy compensation strategy consistently across ENERGETICS: FROM FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:45 breeding cycles and also show how compensation occurs across different activity levels within a day. Moreover, population-level LEWIS HALSEY (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, UNITED limits to energy compensation, termed lactation performance KINGDOM), ANDREA PERNA (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, envelopes, are consistent across breeding cycles (p = 0.94 between MOLECULES TO ORGANISMS UNITED KINGDOM) 3 years; quantile regression: τ = 0. 95, slope ra nge = -1.076, -1. 8 9 8). This consistent negative relationship suggests that the scope of [email protected] e ne rg y ma nage me nt i s fi xed w it h i n popu lat ion s. T hese pe r for ma nce Broad i nte r pretat ion of a n a n i ma l’s e ne rg y ma nage me nt st rateg y envelopes provide insights into individual resiliency during can be determined from the slope angle of the linear regression lactation, but also highlight clear differences in compromised bet wee n mea n da i ly e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re (y-a x i s) a nd m i n i mu m individuals who failed to complete offspring rearing (slope > 1). ORGANISED BY: LEWIS HALSEY (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON) daily energy expenditure (x-axis). Both axes of measurement include AND VINCENT CAREAU (UNIVERISTY OF OTTAWA) mea su re me nt noi se for a va r iet y of rea son s, i n pa r t ic u la r i f prox ies of ene rg y e x pend it u re have been mea su red , suc h a s hea r t rate or variables derived from animal-attached accelerometers. Many A8.5 CAN CONTAMINANT LEVELS IN biologists appear unaware that x-variable noise creates regression THE WILD ALTER ENERGY BALANCE? A8.1 CONSTRAINTS ON TOTAL DAILY A8.2 FLEXIBILITY, VARIABILITY AND d ilut ion; an u nderest imat ion of t he slope value. Th is is clea rly a potential problem for the determination of energy management LINKING IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS WITH ENERGY EXPENDITURE AFFECT HEALTH, CONSTRAINT IN ENERGY MANAGEMENT strategies. Combining ecologically valid simulations with MASS CHANGE TRAJECTORIES IN GREY ECOLOGY, AND EVOLUTION IN HUMANS PATTERNS ACROSS VERTEBRATE TAXA analyses of published empirical data, we explore the possible effect SEALS AND OTHER ANIMALS REVEALED BY LONG-TERM HEART RATE of regression dilution on interpretations of energy management strategies. We conclude that unless r2 of the regression is very MEASUREMENTS FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:15 high, there is a reasonable possibility that regression dilution FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:00 w i l l a ffec t qua l itat ive i nte r pretat ion of t he e ne rg y ma nage me nt FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:30 KIMBERLEY A BENNETT (ABERTAY UNIVERSITY, UNITED HERMAN PONTZER (DUKE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) strategy being employed. We present some previous literature on KINGDOM), KELLY J ROBINSON (SEA MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, energy management strategies where interpretation has probably VINCENT CAREAU (UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, CANADA), LEWIS UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM), HOLLY C been affected by regression dilution, and other published data [email protected] HALSEY (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM), ARMSTRONG (ABERTAY UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), SIMON where it probably has not. We recommend some ways to contend Life takes energy. Life history theory typically views the energy JONATHAN GREEN (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED EW MOSS (SEA MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, UNIVERSITY OF ST with regression dilution, including the application of alternative available for growth, reproduction, maintenance, and other tasks KINGDOM) ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM), GEORGES SCHOLL (UNIVERSITE regression approaches under certain circumstances. a s l i m ited , w it h i n he re nt t rade - offs a mong compet i ng de ma nd s. DE LIEGE, BELGIUM), GAUTHIER EPPE (UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE, In contrast, ecological approaches to estimating daily energy [email protected] BELGIUM), JEAN-PIERRE THOME (UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE, e x pe nd it u res of te n a ssu me t he cost s of physica l ac t iv it y a nd ot he r BELGIUM), CATHY DEBIER (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE Energy acquisition is often expensive in itself and limited by many ta sk s su m , w it hout t rade - offs or con st ra i nt . Usi ng doubly labeled LOUVAIN, BELGIUM), AILSA J HALL (SEA MAMMAL RESEARCH i nt r i n sic a nd e x t r i n sic fac tors. A n i ma l s a re t he refore e x pec ted to water measurements of daily energy expenditure in humans, A8.4 ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND UNIT, UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM) jud iciously ma nage t hei r energ y budget. T he nu merous st ud ies non-human primates, and other animals, I show that total daily LACTATION PERFORMANCE ENVELOPES: on e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re have prov ided va r y i ng resu lt s, suc h t hat e ne rg y e x pe nd it u res a re re ma rkably con sta nt, a f te r accou nt i ng [email protected] no model seems to universally explain how animals manage their A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING for body size, across a broad range of lifestyles and physical activity e ne rg y budget . T h i s va r iabi l it y i n t he resu lt s cou ld be e x pla i ned TRADE-OFFS AND RESILIENCY IN A Lipophilic environmental pollutants, even below toxic thresholds, workloads. As daily physical actvity changes, the body compensates by possible differences in energy management at the among- vs. can alter adipogenesis, adipose metabolite handling and sensitivity dynamically to maintain daily expenditure within a narrow WILD PINNIPED within-individual levels as well as dependence on the environmental to hormones in vitro. Legacy contaminants may thus have ongoing range. These results favor a constrained model for daily energy conte x t . We compi led hea r t rate data - a prox y for e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re ecological consequences through impacts on energy balance regulation. e x pe nd it u re, con si stent w it h l i fe h i stor y t heor y. Fu r t he r, spec ies FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:00 - for n i ne bi rd spec ies, si x ma m ma l spec ies a nd one fi sh spec ies. I n However, contaminant-induced tissue-level impacts on whole animal show clear differences in their evolved daily energy expenditure total, the dataset contains information on 292 wild individuals energetics, and thus consequences for ecology and population health, ra nge. P r i mates a s a g roup a re hy pometabol ic; w it h i n hom i noid s, COURTNEY R SHUERT (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), whose hea r t rate wa s mon itored ove r a tota l of 46, 539 days. M i xed can be hard to demonstrate in wildlife. Here, we investigated whether hu ma n s have accele rated metabol ic rates. Evolved d i ffe re nces i n LEWIS HALSEY (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, UNITED model analyses revealed contrasting patterns at the inter- vs intra- persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blubber influence body mass da i ly energ y ex pend it u re a re associated w it h d i fferences i n l i fe KINGDOM), PATRICK P POMEROY (UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS, individual levels. Across diverse species, some individuals appear t rajec tor ies du r i ng suc k l i ng or nat u ra l fa st i ng i n w i ld g rey sea l pups history among species. Within species, variation in daily physical UNITED KINGDOM), SEAN D TWISS (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, to be able to supply more energy to all aspects of their life than do through impacts on adipose tissue metabolic characteristics measured activity leads to trade-offs in energy allocation to other tasks, with UNITED KINGDOM) others; however, all individuals must trade-off deployment of i n v it ro. Mate r na l ma ss, se x , suc k l i ng du rat ion a nd bi r t h ma ss a ffec ted impacts on health. their available energy between competing functions. Our results mass gain rate (LM: F = 6. 54; p = 0.0 02; R 2 = 0.33) and mass transfer [email protected] (4,52) 2 demonstrate the importance of partitioning energy management efficiency (LM: (5,78)F = 23.07; p < 0.001; R = 0.57) during suckling. patterns at the among- vs. within-individual levels. We also found Lactation is an energetically demanding period for any female Additionally, pups with higher blubber glucose uptake rates gained t hat spec ies do not necessa r i ly e x h ibit a fi xed ene rg y ma nagement mammal. Females must carefully balance maximizing the ma ss fa ste r ( T = 2 .19, p = 0.032). D iox i n-l i ke -polyc h lor i nated biphe nyl s pattern but rather temporal variation in their energy management a mou nt of e ne rg y pa ssed to t hei r depe nde nt offspr i ng, wh i le st i l l may slow mass gain because they reduce blubber glucose uptake. ove r t he yea r. A n i ma ls’ ene rg y ma nagement e x h ibited st ronge r maintaining enough energy stores to support themselves. Capital Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDX) e ne rg y con st ra i nt du r i ng pe r iod s of h ig he r e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re, breeding systems are found in most phocid seals, whereby females lowe r e ffic ie nc y ( T = 2 . 39; p = 0.019). Fa st i ng pups t hat we re heav ie rat which typically coincided with clear and key life cycle events such must sustain themselves and their offspring over the lactation weaning and had higher blubber DDX levels lost mass faster, consistent a s reproduc t ion , suggest i ng a capac it y to adju st ene rg y ma nagement period while fasting exclusively on energy reserves acquired w it h a posit ive e ffec t of blubbe r DDX on l ipolysi s i n v it ro. POPs t hu s have to fluc t uat i ng e ne rg y de ma nd s. beforehand. We investigated the energy management strategies negative effects on whole-animal mass change trajectories during of wild grey seals that successfully completed lactation with their key life history stages that can be linked to fat tissue function. These pups (n = 51) using measures of heart rate and accelerometer-derived fi nd i ngs show how i n v it ro e x pe r i me nt s ca n be combi ned w it h whole activity. Overall, a negative relationship (slope < 1) between daily a n i ma l mea su re me nt s to e x plore mec ha n i sm s u nde r pi n n i ng e ne rg y minimum heart rate (a proxy for background metabolic rate) and balance regulation and its disruption in wildlife. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 146 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 147

site of accumulation of lipophilic contaminants. The regulation of and refuel. In spring, birds need to minimize the overall duration A8.6 ENERGY BALANCE EFFECTS OF blubber tissue function is poorly understood. Thyroid hormones of migration to reach their breeding grounds in the shortest time. A8.11 MANAGING ENERGY TO SURVIVE PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: ( T H ) a re i nvolved i n ene rg y ba la nce reg u lat ion t h roug h e ffec t s on Noc t u r na l fl ig ht s a nd forag i ng du r i ng day t i me lead to a n e x te n sion ON THE TIBETAN PLATEAU: THE metabol ic rate, a nd a re a lte red by e x posu re to e ndoc r i ne d i sr upte rs of activity across the 24 h, which seems to leave little time for rest. EXPERIMENTAL EXPOSURE TO PCBS such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and plasticisers, Here, we present a study on the role of sleep in the optimization of PLATEAU PIKA ALTERS BLUBBER GLUCOSE UPTAKE including benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). TH are vital in initiating energy recovery during stopover. The study was carried out on wild SENSITIVITY TO T3 IN VITRO and maintaining hair growth during the annual moult in pinnipeds. garden warblers (Sylvia borin) caught on Ponza island (Italy), an FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:00 We investigated circulating TH changes in pre-moult, moulting important spring stopover site in the Mediterranean. Birds were and post-moult grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) juveniles. We used hosted temporarily in cages to record their activity after collection JOHN SPEAKMAN (UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN, UNITED KINGDOM; FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:30 an explant approach and enzyme assays to measure glucose uptake of physiological variables and released the following day. Our CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA) by inner and outer blubber tissue in vitro, in response to moulting results showed that physiological condition at capture predicts KELLY J ROBINSON (SEA MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, UNIVERSITY [email protected] OF ST ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM), AILSA J HALL (SEA state, endogenous TH, and exogenous BPP or polychlorinated sleep behaviour during stopover. Animals with worse physiological biphe nyl ( PC B) m i x t u re. Ci rc u lat i ng tota l t r i iodot hy ron i ne ( T3) condition were more active at daytime, probably reflecting food MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS, Averaging 4500m in altitude the Tibetan plateau presents many was higher in pre-moult and moulting animals compared to the sea rc h e ffor t s. T hese bi rd s a l so showed sleep pat te r n s t hat appea r UNITED KINGDOM), HOLLY ARMSTRONG (ABERTAY UNIVERSITY, physiological challenges to its fauna, including low precipitation, low same individuals after the moult. Glucose uptake (mM /24 h) was to be linked to lower energy consumption. Our study provides UNITED KINGDOM), GAUTHIER EPPE (UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE, ox ygen pa r t ia l pressu re a nd tempe rat u res rout i nely d roppi ng below higher in inner blubber than outer blubber (LME: p≤0.001, marginal novel evidence for the importance of sleep behaviour in energy BELGIUM), KIMBERLEY A BENNETT (ABERTAY UNIVERSITY, - 4 0 °C i n w i nte r. Yet it i s home to ma ny e nde m ic ma m ma l ia n spec ies, R2 = 0.44, n (observations) = 245, n (animals) = 16). There was management during bird migration. UNITED KINGDOM) LME including the plateau pika (Lagomorpha: Ochotona curzoniae). a positive relationship between glucose uptake and T3 (LME: How these small animals that are incapable of hibernation survive p = 0.0330). Glucose uptake did not change in response to moulted [email protected] the Tibetan winter is an enigma. Measurements of daily energy state, ove r n ig ht conta m i na nt e x posu re or se x . O u r data show t hat Thyroid hormones (TH) are involved in energy balance regulation expenditure (DEE) using the doubly-labelled water method show T3 i s i mpor ta nt i n t he reg u lat ion of blubbe r f u nc t ion i n juve n i le sea l s. through effects on metabolic rate, and are altered by persistent A8.10 ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND that during winter, pika suppress their DEE and their resting organic pollutant (POPs) exposure. Experimental evidence of LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN LABORATORY metabol i sm ( R M R) g iv i ng t hem a n e xcept iona l ly low metabol ic impacts of altered TH levels or sensitivity on energy balance MICE DIVERGENTLY SELECTED FOR scope ( DE E/ R M Rt = 1.6 0 ± 0. 30; R M Rt = rest i ng metabol ic rate at in wildlife can be challenging to obtain. Adipose tissue, present BASAL METABOLIC RATE thermoneutrality) despite the low ambient temperatures. Using as blubber in marine mammals, is a vital component of energy A8.8 (CO-)VARIATION BETWEEN implanted body temperature loggers in the wild, we show that this is balance because it stores fat and provides insulation. It is also a ENERGY ACQUISITION, STORAGE AND achieved by reducing their body temperature in relation to ambient major site of POP accumulation. Here, we examined TH and blubber USE IN A MIGRATORY SHOREBIRD: WHAT FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:15 temperature, and reducing their physical activity. Winter activity polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) impacts on metabolic properties was lower at sites where domestic yak (Bos grunniens) densities were CAN CAPTIVE STUDIES TEACH US? PAWEL BRZEK (UNIVERSITY OF BIALYSTOK, POLAND), PIOTR of blubbe r e x pla nt s f rom suc k l i ng a nd nat u ra l ly fa st i ng g rey sea l higher. Pika supplement their food intake at these sites by eating SELEWESTRUK (UNIVERSITY OF BIALYSTOK, POLAND), ANDRZEJ pups. Plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels, the most active TH, ya k feces. T h i s ra re i n sta nce of i nte r-spec fic coprophag y bet wee n GEBCZYNSKI (UNIVERSITY OF BIALYSTOK, POLAND), JAN were higher in suckling pups. T3 concentrations were negatively FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 herbivores allows pika to thrive where yak are abundant, and NEDERGAARD (STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), MAREK related to blubbe r PC B level s. Blubbe r e x pla nt s i nc rea sed g lucose explains a long running mystery why pika densities are generally KIMBERLEY MATHOT (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), KONARZEWSKI (UNIVERSITY OF BIALYSTOK, POLAND) upta ke i n respon se to ac ute T3 t reat ment (G A M M : T = 1. 97; p = 0.0 5; higher where domestic yak, their supposed direct competitors for EVA MA KOK (NIOZ ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SEA R2 = 0. 27 ), but not i n respon se to ove r n ig ht PC B e x posu re ( T = 0.47; p food, are more abundant. RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS), [email protected] = 0.63). However, PCBs abolished the acute response to T3 (T = 0.47; p THEUNIS PIERSMA (NIOZ ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR = 0.6 3). Lac tate produc t ion a nd l ipolysi s we re not a ffec ted by PC B or Basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents unavoidable costs of body SEA RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS) T3 (G A M M : p > 0.0 5). E l sewhe re, we show t hat da i ly ma ss ga i n rate maintenance and obligatory heat production. Thus, variation in BMR during suckling is positively related to blubber glucose uptake. We can potentially affect the composition as well as constrain flexibility [email protected] A8.12 PLATEAU PIKA (OCHOTONA therefore suggest that the PCB-induced reduction in T3 levels and of e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re i n e ndot he r m s. T he objec t of ou r st ud ies we re CURZONIAE) CONFORM TO BERGMANN’S blubber T3 sensitivity shown here lowers the ability of pups to gain In this talk, I will present the results of a 2-year-long captive study laboratory mice selected towards either high (HBMR) or low (LBMR) mass during suckling, with potential survival consequences. POPs in over 80 red knots (Calidris canutus) in which we quantified BM R . Becau se bot h l i nes d i ffe r i n BM R but not i n i n su lat ion , H BM R RULE AND LARGER PIKA HAVE GREATER may disrupt fat storage and energy balance in a similar way in other within- and among-individual correlations between suites of mice have wider thermoneutral zone than LBMR mice. We studied POTENTIAL FASTING ENDURANCE ma r i ne ma m ma l s a nd add it iona l ta xa. traits associated with energy acquisition (foraging behaviour and t he e ffec t of selec t ion on pa ra mete rs related to e ne rg y metabol i sm dominance rank), storage (fat reserves) and use (activity levels and across the gradient of ambient temperatures. HBMR mice had FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:15 metabolic rates). I will compare the trait co-variances observed in h ig he r da i ly e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re but t h i s d i ffe re nce d i sappea red a captive study with those reported in free-living knots. I aim to when ambient temperature decreased. Compared to LBMR mice, ŁUKASZ OŁDAKOWSKI (INSTITUTE OF GENETICS AND A8.7 ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION demonstrate how better integration between captive and field line HBMR had higher spontaneous locomotor activity but lower DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, IN JUVENILE GREY SEALS: T3 AFFECTS studies can provide a more holistic understanding of how animals capacity of non-shivering thermogenesis, and lower total amount of CHINA), JOHN R SPEAKMAN (INSTITUTE OF GENETICS AND manage their energy budgets. UC P1 (major t he r moge n ic protei n) i n brow n ad ipose t i ssue. A l l t hese DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, BLUBBER GLUCOSE UPTAKE responses can be linked directly to between-line differences in BMR. CHINA), QING-SHENG CHI (INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY, CHINESE A lt houg h a mbient tempe rat u re a ffec ted most of st ud ied t ra it s, t h i s ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA), DE-HUA WANG (INSTITUTE OF FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:45 effect was usually similar in both lines. Thus, elevated obligatory ZOOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA), YAN-MING A8.9 THE SLEEP DILEMMA OF heat production does not seem to constrain energy budget of HBMR ZHANG (NORTHWEST INSTITUTE OF PLATEAU BIOLOGY, CHINESE HOLLY C ARMSTRONG (ABERTAY UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), NOCTURNAL MIGRANTS mice at higher ambient temperature. We discuss implications of our ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA) KELLY J ROBINSON (SEA MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, UNIVERSITY fi nd i ngs for evolut ion of endot he r my. Fi na nc ia l suppor t : Nat iona l OF ST. ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM), SIMON EW MOSS (SEA Science Centre, Poland, grant 2014/15/B/NZ8/00244 for P.B. [email protected] MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS, UNITED FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:00 KINGDOM), AILSA J HALL (SEA MAMMAL RESEARCH UNIT, A fundamental assumption of the physiological explanation of UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS, UNITED KINGDOM), KIMBERLEY A ANDREA FERRETTI (UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA), NIELS Berg man n’s law based on fasting endu rance is t hat t here ex ists BENNETT (ABERTAY UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) RATTENBORG (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR ORNITHOLOGY, a different scaling of fat reserves and energy expenditure with GERMANY), MASSIMILIANO CARDINALE (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY d i ffe rences i n body si ze. Si nce ene rg y dema nd s stem most ly f rom H OLLY.AR M STR O N G @A BERTAY.AC.U K OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), LEONIDA FUSANI lea n t issues t hen one test of t h is idea is to look at t he d i fferent ia l (VETERINARY UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA) sca l i ng of t he d i ffe rent orga n si zes a nd fat stores i n relat ion to body Fat tissue regulation is a vital component of energy balance. Marine si ze. We have t rapped approx i mately 20 0 pi ka s f rom sites ac ross mammals store fat as blubber, which also provides insulation. [email protected] different altitudes (nine sites between 3,200 and 4,800 m above sea Blubber reserves fluctuate radically throughout the annual cycle level) and have measured their body composition. Lipid contents D u r i ng m ig rat ion , a nu mbe r of d iu r na l bi rd spec ies become noc t u r na l in relation to life history events and food availability and are the of dried samples of white adipose tissues, skeletal muscles and and ty pically alternate migrator y flights with stopovers to rest ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 148 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 149

liver were measu red w it h t he Sox h let met hod. The resu lts f rom changes in BM and BMR are interdependent, and BMR is more fat reserves were then compared to the actual energy demands A8.14 CORTICOSTERONE LEVELS A8.16 HOW DO THE COSTS OF sensitive to ambient temperatures than BM in all three species (mean 169kJ/g). The overall scaling for the lean tissue and white REFLECT VARIATION IN METABOLIC BROODING SCALE WITH OFFSPRING studied. Furthermore, we studied weekly changes in both traits adipose tissue had an exponent of 0.923 and 4.42, respectively. In i n capt ive w i ld g reat t it s e x posed to e x pe r i menta l ly ma n ipu lated the end, total energy reserves were overlaid on the relationship RATE, INDEPENDENT OF ‘STRESS’ SIZE? predation and starvation risk. Results show that BM and BMR should bet wee n e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re a nd body ma ss to con st r uc t t he fa st i ng not be considered independently in order to understand energy endurance curve. Our results showed that pika weighing less than FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:45 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:00 management in wintering small passerines over medium-term 130g had i n su ffic ient fat rese r ves to la st 1 day w it hout food . A s ma ss periods (days-weeks). A new theoretical framework considering increased above 130g the pika could survive for increasingly longer SIMON VERHULST (UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS), AMANDA K PETTERSEN (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), DUSTIN energy management on these multiple traits on both immediate periods with the largest pika able to live 3-5 days with no food supply. BLANCA JIMENO (UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS), J MARSHALL (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CRAIG R (hours) and longer-term periods may improve our understanding The assumptions of the Bergmann model for the evolution of body MICHAELA HAU (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR ORNITHOLOGY WHITE (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), SAMANTHA LEVELL of these multifaceted strategies. size based on greater potential fasting endurance of larger animals SEEWIESEN, GERMANY) (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, UNITED STATES), are therefore supported in this species. DAVID REZNICK (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, [email protected] UNITED STATES) Variation in glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) is often interpreted as [email protected] A8.18 BEHAVIOURAL PLASTICITY re flec t i ng ‘st ress’, but t h i s i nte r pretat ion i s subjec t of debate. GCs TRUMPS PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY A8.13 ROLE OF PREVIOUS PARASITE induce gluconeogenesis, and we hypothesized therefore that GC Life-history theory has traditionally viewed maternal investment as AS THE PRIMARY ENERGY SAVING EXPOSURE IN ROUTINE METABOLIC va r iat ion ca n be e x pla i ned by c ha nges i n c u r re nt a nd a nt ic ipated t he e ne rg y conte nt of t he fi na l offspr i ng (of te n mea su red a s offspr ing metabolic rate (MR). Alternatively, GC levels may respond to si ze). Howeve r, for brooded offspr i ng t hat receive resou rces du r i ng STRATEGY IN A WINTER-DORMANT FISH RATE AND BRAIN SEROTONIN DYNAMICS psyc holog ica l ‘st ress’ ove r a nd above it s e ffec t on metabol ic rate. development, the total investment will be a product of the final FOLLOWING ACUTE INFECTION We tested t hese hy pot heses i n capt ive zebra fi nc hes, by i nduc i ng a n e ne rg y conte nt of t he offspr i ng a s wel l a s t he e ne rg y bu r ned by t he FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:30 increase in MR using a psychological stressor (noise), and compared offspr i ng wh i le bei ng brooded a nd receiv i ng resou rces. It i s l i kely t hat FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:30 it s e ffec t on cor t icoste rone (t he pr i ma r y av ia n GC) w it h t he e ffec t brooding costs will be significant for the mother, however biologists TOMMY NORIN (DTU AQUA: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC induced by a decrease in ambient temperature increasing MR to a have yet to account for the energy burned by offspring during RESOURCES, DENMARK), LAUREN ROWSEY (UNIVERSITY OF LAUREN E NADLER (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, si m i la r e x te nt . We fou nd t he i nc rea se i n cor t icoste rone i nduced brood i ng, a nd whet he r t h i s c ha nges w it h offspr i ng si ze. I n orde r to NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT JOHN, CANADA), CONNOR REEVE NORWAY), HELENE LE MIDTTUN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF by the psychological stressor to be indistinguishable from the ca lc u late t he t r ue cost of produc i ng a n offspr i ng, we mea su red a nd (UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT JOHN, CANADA), LIFE SCIENCES, NORWAY), SHAUN S KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF level e x pec ted ba sed on t he noi se e ffec t on M R . We f u r t he r fou nd compared the total metabolic output throughout development of BEN SPEERS-ROESCH (UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), MARCO A VINDAS (NORWEGIAN that a handling and restraint stressor that increased CORT levels offspr i ng for g rav id a nd v i rg i n fe ma les i n t he place nta l f reshwate r SAINT JOHN, CANADA) UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, NORWAY), ØYVIND ØVERLI also resulted in increased blood glucose levels, corroborating a fish,Heterandria formosa. We tracked individual females from four (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, NORWAY), key assumption underlying our hypothesis. Thus, GC variation popu lat ion s w it h nat u ra l va r iat ion i n offspr i ng si ze, t h roug hout a [email protected] IDA B JOHANSEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE pr i ma r i ly re flec ted va r iat ion i n ene rg y e x pend it u re, i ndependent ly si ng le reproduc t ive bout a nd mea su red ox yge n con su mpt ion f rom Going dormant in winter is a widespread mechanism for saving SCIENCES, NORWAY) of psyc holog ica l st ress. GC level s have ma ny dow n st rea m e ffec t s fertilisation to release of juvenile offspring. We then calculated the energy during a season low in food availability. We have previously besides glucose mobilization, and we propose that these effects total amount of energy invested into a juvenile as a proportion of the shown that, on average, energy savings at cold temperatures in [email protected] ca n be i nte r preted a s adju st me nt s of physiolog ica l f u nc t ion s to t he a mou nt of e ne rg y e x pe nded by t he mot he r t h roug hout brood i ng, a nd a winter-dormant fish, the cunner Tautogolabrus( adspersus), metabolic level at which an organism operates. t he sca l i ng relat ion sh ip bet wee n tota l e ne rg y cost a nd offspr i ng si ze. Host s i nc u r e ne rget ic a nd of te n fit ness-related cost s f rom ha rbor i ng are achieved primarily by reducing activity, and not through an These findings have the potential to better inform our understanding parasites. Parasite infection typically stimulates an immune active downregulation of energy metabolism (i.e. not through of maternal investment strategies and the energy constraints on response in the host, the energetic cost of which creates a potential metabolic rate depression). Given the consistent among-individual offspring size. tradeoff between immediate survival and body condition, foraging, va r iat ion t hat e x i st s w it h i n a n i ma l popu lat ion s, we fol lowed up reproduction and other important processes. However, this A8.15 DO PARENTS WORK AS HARD on these findings and investigated if energy saving strategies response varies greatly among and within hosts, depending on the AS THEY CAN, ARE THEY EFFICIENT, differ among individual cunner with different behavioural and pathogenicity of the parasite, the condition of the host, and ambient OR ARE THEY LAZY? physiological phenotypes. Our results show that individual fish environmental conditions. While studies often focus on the long- A8.17 MODULATION OF BASAL d i ffe r pred ic tably i n t he pla st ic it y of t hei r ac t iv it y level s i n respon se term costs of host infection, we know little about how host energetics METABOLIC RATE AS AN ADAPTIVE to winter temperatures, with more active cunner exhibiting FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:30 a re a lte red du r i ng a nd i m med iately fol low i ng pa ra site e x posu re, ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY greater behavioural reductions in swimming activity in response and the relative importance of acute and long-term infection costs TONY D WILLIAMS (SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, CANADA) to cold compa red to t hei r less ac t ive con spec i fics, rega rd less of t he to t he host ’s ene rg y budget. He re, we e xa m i ned t he e ffec t s of a bra i n- level or plasticity of each individual’s maintenance (standard) FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:15 infecting microsporidian parasite (Pseudoloma neurophilia) on its [email protected] metabolic rate after accounting for differences in body size. In fish host (the zebrafish,Danio rerio). We measured how the acute JULI BROGGI (ESTACIÓN BIOLÓGICA DOÑANA CSIC, SPAIN), other words, irrespective of having high or low maintenance energy infection process alters metabolic rate in naive versus previously Energy management should be important, a) if energy is limited, or b) JAN AKE NILSSON (LUND UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) requirements, a reduction in activity is the primary energy saving infected hosts, and whether these effects are accompanied by i f a n i ma l s have h ig h e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re becau se t hey a re “ work i ng st rateg y du r i ng w i nte r cold , a nd i nd iv idua l fi sh reduce ac t iv it y to changes in brain neurochemistry (particularly serotonergic hard”. Parental care is widely assumed to be a costly activity and to be [email protected] d i fferent deg rees to ach ieve t h is. More broad ly, t h is ind iv idual- activity). We found that routine metabolic rate increased with long an energetic bottleneck in an organism’s annual cycle. Furthermore, level mismatch between behavioural and physiological plasticity term infection, but did not change with acute infection. However, chick-rearing in central place foraging birds has become a classic Winter energy management strategies in small birds depend on an emphasises how key organismal traits such as activity and standard serotonergic activity exhibited varying responses to infection model for i nd iv idua l s work i ng at a ‘ma x i ma l su sta i ned’ level – i ndeed , acclimatization process based on increased internal reserve level i.e. metabolic rate need not change in parallel in order to manage energy depe nd i ng on prev iou s pa ra site e x posu re. Fol low i ng ac ute i n fec t ion , provisioning has been equated to the Tour de France! If parental winter fattening. This seasonal pattern of body mass (BM) change expenditure in response to changes in environmental conditions, previously naïve fish reduced brainstem serotonin concentrations care is routinely this costly, then a) energy management should be is coupled by raised thermogenic capacity, which results in higher in this case temperature. while hosts with a long-term infection show increased serotonin critical, and b) breakdown of energy management, leading to ‘costs costs of maintenance (BMR). The current theoretical framework levels, suggesting that the acute perturbation of a host´s first parasite of reproduction’ should be common and easily detectible. Yet this is i.e. optimal body mass theory assumes that birds regulate their encounter can obstruct serotonin function. This work provides us not t he ca se. I w i l l c r it ica l ly e xa m i ne t he idea t hat pa renta l ca re i n internal reserve level on a short-term basis, as the main mechanism with a better understanding on how hosts modulate their energetic ‘ ha rd work ’ by a sk i ng a) how ‘su sta i ned’ a nd b) how ‘ i nten se’ pa renta l of energy management, within a framework of starvation-predation response to infection depending on their previous infection history. ac t iv it y i s du r i ng c h ic k rea r i ng? Do a l l i nd iv idua l s i nc u r t he sa me trade-off. However, while it is acknowledged that night-time costs of any sustained, intense activity? What might individuals do e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re ca n a l so be reg u lated by mea n s of fac u ltat ive to mitigate costs? Based on a critical assessment of available empirical hypothermia, the contribution of adaptive changes in BMR on the data I w i l l a rg ue t hat ‘cost s’ a ssoc iated w it h reproduc t ion , a nd a ny overall energy management strategies remain practically ignored. physiological signature of these costs, might be quite rare, both We studied co-variation between BM and BMR in three different temporally (in different years) and among individuals. Consequently species of wild titmice, great, blue and willow tits, originating from careful energy management might not be that important. two boreal regions at different latitudes. We found that seasonal ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 150 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 151

G roup l iv i ng i s ubiqu itou s a mong a n i ma l s a nd i nc u rs ma ny be ne fit s A8.19 GROWTH DRIVES METABOLIC A8.21 MIRNA ACQUISITION AND and costs for individual members associated with acquisition of A8.24 BIRDS’ THERMORREGULATORY SCALING METABOLIC RATES: DIVERGENCE resources , but the exact benefits experienced by group members MECHANISMS IN RESPONSE TO are related to their spatial position within the group. Previous work BETWEEN BIRDS AND MAMMALS has shown that position within a group can be related to aerobic SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:45 metabol ic scope a nd hu ng r y fi sh have been show n to occ upy a nte r ior WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION positions within a moving school. However, the metabolic cost of THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION CRAIG R WHITE (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CANDICE L d igest ion reduces sw i m m i ng capac it y , a nd t hu s fed fi sh a re u nable BYWATER (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), LESLEY A ALTON THOMAS SORGER (ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY, UNITED to maintain leadership positions within groups. Notably, however, LARA AMARAL-SILVA (SAO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL), (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), DUSTIN J MARSHALL STATES), YAJNI WARNAPALA (ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY, t h i s prev iou s work ha s been pe r for med w it h fi sh sw i m m i ng aga i n st WELEX C SILVA (SAO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL), (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) UNITED STATES), KANJI CHEN (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN a current. Here, we investigate schooling behaviour during and after ALEXANDRE STEINER (UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL), CALIFORNIA, UNITED STATES) LUCIANE H GARGAGLIONI (SAO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, [email protected] feeding in a free swimming environment to investigate how group dynamics change to accommodate the leader’s cost of digestion after BRAZIL), KÊNIA C BÍCEGO (SAO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, Metabolic rate, B, scales allometrically with body mass m, usually [email protected] feeding. Using qingbo carp (Spinibarbus sinensis), we e xa m i ned t he BRAZIL) according to power function B = amb whe re a i s t he sca l i ng coe ffic ient m i R NA s se r ve to bu ffe r e nv i ron me nta l pe r t u rbat ion s du r i ng a n i ma l rout i ne shoa l i ng be hav iou r of f ree -sw i m m i ng sc hool s i n a n ope n field a nd t he sca l i ng e x pone nt b i s u sua l ly less t ha n 1. T he rea son s for t h i s development (“ca na l i zat ion”) a nd a lso con fe r t he abi l it y of some a re na (n i ne fi sh pe r g roup) before a nd a f te r a feed i ng eve nt . Fi f t y food [email protected] allometric scaling are hotly debated and important, but no consensus mammals to resist fluctuations in environmental temperature items were entered into the arena over 10 min, and the food consumed Syste m ic i n fla m mat ion (SI ) i nduces a dec rea se i n body te mpe rat u re has been achieved. Most attention has focussed on the central i.e. t he cold-i nduced d i ffe rent iat ion a nd t he r mogenesi s of brow n by eac h fi sh wa s qua nt i fied . We a lso e xa m i ned how relat ion sh ips (Tb) followed by fever in both endothermic classes. For mammals, tendency of the distribution of empirically determined estimates adipocytes. The factors regulating the more general, skeletal between feeding rate and individual metabolic phenotype affect si m i la rly to feve r, T b d rop seem s reg u lated a nd bene fic ia l, but due of b, w it h compa rat ively l it t le e xa m i nat ion of t he fac tors t hat d r ive muscle-based mechanism of thermogenesis found in both birds and group cohesion, structure and coordination in relation to individual to energy savings. However, the thermoregulatory mechanisms va r iat ion i n b. He re, we e xa m i ne t he va r iat ion i n t he ontoge net ic mammals remain unknown. We postulated that the evolutionary leade rsh ip. O ve ra l l, we a i m to e xa m i ne how leade rsh ip c ha nges i nvolved i n bi rd s’ fig ht aga i n st SI a re u n k now n . T hu s, we a i med to scaling of metabolic rate, and demonstrate that variation in the acquisition of miRNAs in mammals was related to the increased when activity and spatial positioning is constrained by feeding and desc r ibe SI ’s t he r moe ffec tor respon ses i n bi rd s a nd i nvest igate t hese ontogenetic value of b is driven by among-species differences metabol ic rates a ssoc iated w it h e ndot he r my. Fi rst we ve r i fied t hat prov ide i n sig ht a s to how food ava i labi l it y a ffec t s g roup dy na m ics. responses under energy restriction (fasting) and increased energy in growth patterns. Building on this, and the data from a recent metabolic rate (MR) was highly correlated with mass (M)(M0.80 , r2 = dema nd (cold). To t h i s end , we i njec ted 5 - days old c h ic k s (9 8± 0. 9g; meta-analysis of fish that shows that reproductive output scales 0. 9 9 97 ) a mong tet rapod s i n a databa se of m i R NA- encod i ng genes Gallus gallus) w it h a h ig h dose of l ipopolysacc ha r ide ( L PS, 10 0 μ g / kg, in proportion to mb >1 , we argue that growth slows not because of (one amphibian, three reptiles, three birds, two marsupials and i m) a nd a na ly zed T b, metabol ic rate ( ) a nd ve nt i lat ion ( V E ) i n reg u la r mechanistic constraint but because of increasing energy allocation five eut her ia ns). Log sca l i ng g raph ica l ly d isplaced ec tot her ms, A8.23 FIXIN’ TO DIE: SETTING cond it ion s (30 °C , food ad l ibit u m , T b, , V E ), fa st i ng (11-16h , , V E ) a nd to reproduction. whose MRs were 10-fold lower than those of endotherms of similar CELLULAR CLOCKS AND TUNING MITO- cold (24±1o C , ). C h ic k s i n reg u la r cond it ion s dec rea sed 1.0 ± 0.0 °C 1h si ze. T he n we de fi ned spec i fic M R (sM R): M R/M 0.80 , and tested the a f te r i njec t ion a nd i nc rea sed 0. 9± 0. 2°C 4 h a f te r i njec t ion . Metabol ic relationship of miRNA to sMR and several genomic variables. NUCLEAR COMMUNICATION TO GMT rate also decreased 1h after injection at all treatments (-17% to -29%), Su r pr i si ng ly, sM R a nd m i R NA we re su ffic ient to resolve t he five (GUANINE MONOPHOSPHATE TURNOVER) but it was anticipated in ̴20 min for animals in cold regardless of feed A8.20 MODELLING CRUSTACEAN tetrapod clades by principal component analysis (61.2%, 34% stat u s a nd see m s acce nt uated i n fa sted c h ic k s (- 4%, 30 °C a nd -5%, RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE STRESSORS and 4.8% of variance attributed to sMR, miRNA and genome size, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION 25°C). Metabol ic rate d id not c ha nge du r i ng feve r i n a ny t reat me nt, respectively). Log sMR was highly correlated with log miRNA (r2 but the Tb increase was inhibited by the cold alone and with fasting. IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS = 0. 8 8 93) prov ided t hat bi rd s we re e xc luded a s out l ie rs: wh i le bi rd TIM SHAW (THE PETER DOHERTY INSTITUTE, AUSTRALIA), No difference in VE (tidal volume or frequency) occurred due to sMRs were in the mammalian range, they had the smallest genomes ANDREW PEEL (SCRAM SOFTWARE, AUSTRALIA) inflammation in any treatment. Preliminary results suggest a role THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION and fewest miRNA. miRNA was better correlated with sMR than of metabolic rate during Tb drop but not during fever, which may be with genome size, the number of coding genes, or non-coding genes [email protected] i n fluenced by behav ior a nd pe r iphe ra l va somot ion (to be dete r m i ned LIZ TALBOT (PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY, UNITED (r2 = 0.7879, 0.49 4 2 , 0. 3851, respec t ively). W h i le st rong ly a ssoc iated i n t he f ut u re). Compet i ng e ne rg y de ma nd s see m to a ffec t c h ic k ’s Replicative senescence is believed to have evolved to protect against KINGDOM), JORN BRUGGEMAN (PLYMOUTH MARINE LABORATORY, with metabolic rate in mammals, miRNA acquisition was not a biphasic response to LPS. oncogenesis in long-lived vertebrates including primates, which UNITED KINGDOM), STEVE WIDDICOMBE (PLYMOUTH MARINE prerequisite for the evolution of endothermy. LABORATORY, UNITED KINGDOM), CHRIS HAUTON (UNIVERSITY have “slow” life histories compared to other placental mammals. OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM) Cell senescence and death are normally tightly regulated processes that require coordination of nuclear and mitochondrial activities, A8.25 MEAL SIZE AND ENERGY COSTS [email protected] notably telome re at t r it ion a nd ge ne rat ion of reac t ive ox yge n spec ies A8.22 EFFECTS OF FEEDING AND (ROS). Telomeres, which comprise thousands of hexa-nucleotide OF DIGESTION: INSIGHTS FROM AN One of the most pressing issues facing marine biologists today is DIGESTION ON LEADERSHIP AND repeats (TTAGGG)n complexed with associated proteins, protect OMNIVOROUS NON-HUMAN PRIMATE to understand, and critically, to predict, the impacts of multiple COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR IN SCHOOLING the ends of (nuclear) chromosomes. They act as molecular clocks, (MICROCEBUS MURINUS) anthropogenic stressors on marine organisms. Until recently, FISH by shortening as cells differentiate and triggering senescence investigators have relied primarily on single stressor experiments when they reach a critical length. Age-related mitochondrial in order to assess organism performance under changing conditions. dysfunction is also implicated in cell senescence. Mitochondria WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION However, it is apparent that, given the number of possible THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION are the main intracellular source of ROS. Guanine is the most JÉRÉMY TERRIEN (UMR CNRSMNHN 7179 MECADEV, FRANCE), interactions between stressors, single stressor experiments may not readily oxidised of the canonical nucleobases and availability of LUCY H COTGROVE (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL CLÉMENCE NADAL (UMR CNRSMNHN 7179 MECADEV, FRANCE), be t he most appropr iate way to a ssess t he e ffec t s of a nt h ropoge n ic u n- ox id i sed g ua n i ne nuc leot ides may become l i m it i ng du r i ng redox HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF BRUNO SIMMEN (UMR 7206 ECO-ANTHROPOLOGIE, FRANCE) c ha nge i n ma r i ne habitat s. We contend t hat e x pe r i menta l met hod s stress. Mitochondrial genomes of vertebrates are remarkable for GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), LEI WANG (CHONGQING can be complemented with more theoretical approaches in order t hei r h ig h ly a sy m met r ic ba se composit ion , w it h “ heav y ” ( H ) a nd NORMAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA), HONG LING (CHONGQING [email protected] to improve our predictive understanding of organism responses. “light” (L) strands, which are G- and C- respectively. Remarkably, NORMAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA), YA WANG (CHONGQING NORMAL We demonstrate that a Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model full-length, G-rich, L-strand transcripts, which encode only a single During human evolution, a major reduction in the bolus was UNIVERSITY, CHINA), YUE XIAO (CHONGQING NORMAL parameterised using results from three separate single stressor peptide, are produced and turned over at a faster rate than H-strand achieved without a decrease in daily calorie intake. Adaptation to UNIVERSITY, CHINA), SHI-JIAN FU (CHONGQING NORMAL experiments can be used to predict responses of the swimming transcripts. This paradoxical, energy-costly process might be an omnivorous diet including cooked foods could have considerably UNIVERSITY, CHINA), SHAUN KILLEN (INSTITUTE OF crab Liocarcinus depurator to multiple stressor scenarios. The used to buffer the guanine nucleotide pool by regenerating GMP diminished the cost of digestion, releasing energy available for BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE be ne fit s of t h i s a re t wofold . P red ic ted respon ses a re ba sed on t he a nd GDP – t he i m med iate prec u rsors of dGT P, wh ic h i s esse nt ia l for the important development of brain mass or for other functions. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) e ffec t s of st ressors on model pa ra mete rs, g iv i ng u s a mec ha n i st ic both mitochondrial genome replication and telomere maintenance. Suc h a ssu mpt ion ha s neve r bee n c ha l le nged i n a n e x pe r i me nta l insight into the mode of action of stressors. Additionally, the results We present a biochemical/genetic model of the way such a cycle approach. In this study, 18 grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus, [email protected] allow us to identify those stressors which are predicted to have the could operate and show that mitochondrial genome GC content of primate) were exposed one of three readily digestible diets (with greatest impact, therefore aiding in the development of testable 17 pr i mate spec ies w it h wel l- c ha rac te r i sed l i fe h i stor ies i s d i rec t ly same nutrient composition), in which either volume and calories hypotheses and the design of more logistically challenging multiple related to their metabolic rate and lifespan. (caloric restriction, CR – 12.5kcal/day), or volume only (volume stressor experiments. restriction, VR - 25kcal/day) were reduced relative to a control diet ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 152 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 153

(CTL - 25kcal/day). The cost of digestion was assessed by analyzing a nd ta rsu s su r face. Cont ra r y to ou r e x pec tat ion s, i nd iv idua ls w it h va r iat ion s of ene rg y e x pend it u re a nd respi rator y quot ient u si ng a n A8.27 THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOUR larger relative bill surfaces showed the lowest upper critical limits A8.30 SCALING OF RESPIRATORY GAS indirect calorimetry set-up and by measuring locomotor activity. (T ) and only females had higher oxygen consumption above T . AND BILL SIZE: AN EXPERIMENTAL uc uc EXCHANGE AND METHANE EMISSION While resting metabolic rate was not affected by diets, the reduction E W L showed no relat ion w it h bi l l a nd ta rsu s su r face. T hese fi nd i ngs of meal volume tended to decrease the cost of digestion, without TEST USING SHOREBIRDS suggested t hat i nd iv idua ls w it h h ig he r bi l l su r faces cou ld su ffe r a IN FOUR SPECIES OF COMMON FARM reaching the significance level. Digestion duration was reduced sig n i fica nt heat body i nput resu lt i ng i n a h ig he r ox yge n con su mpt ion RUMINANTS in CR animals, but the energy cost of digestion relative to ingested WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION than those with smaller bill surfaces under hot environments. energy was unexpectedly high (~19%EI vs ~10%EI for the CTL) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION throughout the digestive process. For the first time, we were able NÚRIA PLAYÀ-MONTMANY (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, to assess the cost of digestion in a non-human primate but we could SPAIN), ERICK GONZÁLEZ-MEDINA (UNIVERSITY OF ALEX SC MAIA (SAO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL), not firmly confirm or infirm the effect of meal volume on the energy EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JOSÉ M ABAD-GÓMEZ (UNIVERSITY A8.29 WARM-TOLERANCE MAY ALREADY CINTIA CM COSTA (SAO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL), costs of digestion. Additional work is needed to further explore this OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), MANUEL PAREJO (UNIVERSITY BE IN A RAINBOW TROUT’S GENOME: A VINÍCIUS FC FONSÊCA (SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, hypothesis, especially by modifying the balance between proteins/ OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JULIÁN CABELLO-VERGEL BRAZIL), EDWARD P SNELLING (UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, carbs/lipids (including more fibrous foods) in combination with (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JUAN M SÁNCHEZ- STUDY OF ITS ACCLIMATION POTENTIAL SOUTH AFRICA), ANDREA FULLER (UNIVERSITY OF meal size. GUZMÁN (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), AUXILIADORA IN AUSTRALIA WITSWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA), CAROLINA CN NASCIMENTO VILLEGAS (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JOSÉ A (SÃO PAULO STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL) MASERO (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN) WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION [email protected] [email protected] OLIVIA A ADAMS (CANADA), CRAIG LAWRENCE (DEPARTMENT A8.26 BRIEF STORY OF AN Scaling is a powerful tool to assess relationships between The bill is an uninsulated and well vascularized structure that OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, AMILORIDE-SENSITIVE ATPASE IN physiological variables and body mass. Investigations on the a ffec t s body heat loss i n nu me rou s spec ies. Howeve r, above a ce r ta i n AUSTRALIA), MICHAEL SNOW (THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN dynamics of respiratory gas exchange and methane emission in GILLS OF CATSHARK (SCYLIORHINUS environmental temperature, this structure turns into a source of AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA), ANTHONY P FARRELL (UNIVERSITY ruminants have become increasingly important, especially in the CANICULA) RELATED TO heat input. A recent study based in field observations of resting OF BRITISH COLOMBIA, CANADA) face of l ivestoc k i ntensi ficat ion a nd cl i mate c ha nge. T h is st udy shorebi rd s at d i ffe re nt e nv i ron me nta l te mpe rat u res suggested t hat OSMOREGULATION AND ACUTE-STRESS describes the scaling relationships for the O consumption rate (V ), behavioural thermoregulation can be mediated by bill size, and that [email protected] 2 O2 CO production rate (V ) and methane emission rate (V ), each as bi l l mor pholog y cou ld i n flue nce be hav iou ra l adaptat ion s to c l i mate 2 CO2 CH4 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, introduced to southern a f u nc t ion of body ma ss (28 to 795 kg ), i n fou r spec ies of r u m i na nt s, c ha nge. He re, we tested e x pe r i me nta l ly i n t he laborator y t he e ffec t Weste r n Au st ra l ia i n t he late 19 8 0 ’s, have gone t h roug h repeated Bos taurus taurus (n = 24 individuals), B. taurus indicus (n = 27), of environmental temperature on thermoregulatory behaviour in IGNACIO RUIZ-JARABO (UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), generations of extreme mortality at the Pemberton Freshwater Capra hircus (n = 9), and Ovis aries (n = 12). All data were recorded the dunlin Calidris alpina. Birds were exposed to environmental JOSE BELQUIOR (INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS DO MAR LABOMAR, Research Centre (PFRC) with up to 90% during natural bouts of high using flow-t h rough respiromet r y (push setup) coupled to a data temperatures ranging from 10 °C to 30 °C, and the placement of the UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ, BRAZIL), CRISTINA wate r te mpe rat u re (>26°C). T he ra i nbow t rout st ra i n c u r re nt ly at acquisition system on animals at rest, following 6 h of fasting, at air bill within the back plumage while roosting was registered. This BARRAGAN-MENDEZ (UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), ISMAEL PFRC is thought to have been naturally selected during these te mpe rat u re of about 27°C . Sca l i ng relat ion sh ips we re dete r m i ned rest i ng behav iou r at d i ffe rent tempe rat u res wa s related to ba sa l JEREZ-CEPA (UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN), IGNACIO bouts of warm temperature because the PFRC line can live at 26°C, by fit t i ng lea st-squa res l i nea r reg ression s to log t ra n sfor med mea n metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate and evaporative water loss, SOBRINO (INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFÍA (IEO), temperatures that would kill other rainbow trout populations that values, and slopes were compared by ANCOVA. The exponents which were calculated using an open flow respirometer. Preliminary CENTRO OCEANOGRÁFICO DE CÁDIZ, SPAIN), JUAN M MANCERA t y pica l ly t h r ive up to on ly 20 °C . W h i le physiolog ica l st ud ies e x i st of the scaling relationships for V (1.19) and V (1.16) were results are shown and discussed. O2 CO2 (UNIVERSITY OF CADIZ, SPAIN) for 15°C-acclimated fish, a study of their acclimation potential is statistically indistinguishable from each other (p > 0.05), but were lacking. Because aerobic performance can be plastic, depends on bot h sig n i fica nt ly d i ffe rent f rom t he e x ponent of 0.75 prev iou sly [email protected] temperature acclimation and varies among different populations determined for mammals (p < 0.05), while the exponent for VCH4 of the same species, I tested growth and aerobic performance (1.12) was similar to that recently reported for eight species of wild Marine sharks show a differentiated ion composition between their A8.28 THE ROLE OF BILL AND TARSUS of the PFRC rainbow trout acclimated for over one month to five r u m i na nt s (1.07 ). T he si m i la r it y bet ween e x ponent s for V , V and body flu id s a nd t he su r rou nd i ng seawater. It was desc r ibed t hat O2 CO2 SURFACE IN THE THERMOREGULATION te mpe rat u res (17, 19, 21, 23 a nd 25°C). T he objec t ive wa s to dete r m i ne V suggest that their relative change as function of body mass is acute stress challenges evoke consumption of energy metabolites CH4 optimal and maximal temperatures for growth, digestibility, food similar and that methane emission can be estimated from either O or and osmoregulatory imbalances, including changes in blood Na+ , Cl- OF GREAT TIT (PARUS MAJOR) 2 conversion efficiency, respirometry performance and maximum CO e xc ha nge rates for i nve ntor y pu r poses on ag r ic u lt u ra l databa se. a nd K+ levels. Recovery to basal concentration of these ions is mostly 2 heart rate. Intermittent-flow respirometry examined the oxygen due to osmoregulatory work of gills and rectal gland. However, the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION cost of d igest ion (spec i fic dy na m ic ac t ion) a nd sepa rately est i mated mechanisms involved in these processes are still largely unknown. sta nda rd metabol ic rate, ma x i mu m ox ygen upta ke a nd e xcess-post Here we show that catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) consumes free NÚRIA PLAYÀ-MONTMANY (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, e xe rc i se ox yge n con su mpt ion f rom wh ic h absolute a nd fac tor ia l amino acids to face acute stress producing NH + , which is secreted to SPAIN), ERICK GONZÁLEZ-MEDINA (UNIVERSITY OF 4 aerobic scope were determined as a function of acclimation the seawater by means of a branchial amiloride-sensitive ATPase. EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JOSÉ M ABAD-GÓMEZ (UNIVERSITY te mpe rat u re. La st ly, t he ac ute e ffec t s of wa r m i ng on hea r t rate wa s We found in controlled in vitro and in vivo assays that this ATPase OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), MANUEL PAREJO (UNIVERSITY measured as a function of acclimation temperature. These combined may act as a Na+ /H+ -exchanger (NHE) where H+ are replaced by NH + . OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JULIÁN CABELLO-VERGEL 4 physiological assessments allow for a large-scale consideration of T he presence of t h i s a m mon ia e xc ret ion mec ha n i sm wa s prev iou sly (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JUAN M SÁNCHEZ- performance indicators to look at the energetics and scope for the desc r ibed i n g ut a nd g i l l s of seve ra l ve r tebrates, but t h i s i s t he fi rst GUZMÁN (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), AUXILIADORA survival of this unusual strain of rainbow trout. evidence of a NHE-like mechanism activity in sharks. Our results VILLEGAS (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN), JOSÉ A demon st rate t hat e xc ret ion of tox ic n it rogenou s compou nd s i s l i n ked MASERO (UNIVERSITY OF EXTREMADURA, SPAIN) to osmoregulatory process in sharks. Further studies are necessary to con fi r m t he e xac t nat u re of t h i s en z y me a s wel l a s to look for it s [email protected] prese nce i n ot he r spec ies f rom t h i s ta xon . The bill and tarsus are uninsulated and vascularized surfaces of body birds that function as thermal windows, allowing body heat loss to the environment without evaporative water loss when environmental temperature approximates to body temperature. Therefore, individuals with higher bill and tarsus surfaces would be expected to exhibit greater tolerance to high environmental temperatures. However, little is known about the role of both surfaces in thermal physiology. We investigated the physiological responses of a great tit Parus major population from a semiarid region to d i ffe re nt e nv i ron me nta l te mpe rat u res by mea su r i ng evaporat ive wate r loss ( E W L) a nd ox yge n con su mpt ion i n relat ion to relat ive bi l l ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 154 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 155

A8.31 THE ENERGETICS OF FLIGHT A9 SENSORY AND MECHANICAL IN LOVEBIRDS: RESPIROMETRY, ACCELEROMETRY AND HEAT FACTORS UNDERLYING DISSIPATION AS INDICATORS OF METABOLIC ENERGY EXPENDITURE STABLE AND AGILE CONTROL WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION OF LEGGED LOCOMOTION: AGNÈS LEWDEN (SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), ALEXANDER N EVANS (SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL NEUROMECHANICS AND SCIENCES, FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), SAUL AVERY (SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, NEUROPHYSICS UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), GRAHAM N ASKEW (SCHOOL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] Flight is one of the most energetically expensive modes of ALEKSANDRA BIRN-JEFFERY (QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY LONDON) locomotion that uses metabolic energy at a higher rate than any ORGANISED BY: other mode of locomotion. Consequently, being able to quantify AND MONICA DALEY (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE) flight energetics is an important factor in understanding the migration, distribution and survival of birds. Metabolic energy expenditure can be determined from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production using mask respirometry. The majority A9.1 BIOLOGICAL ACTUATION IN A9.2 A THREE-FILAMENT MODEL OF of the metabolic energy expenditure results from the energy HUMAN ENGINEERED DEVICES THE INTRINSIC IMPEDANCE OF ACTIVE utilised by the locomotory muscles as they generate the forces to MUSCLE i mpa r t moment u m to t he a i r a nd to move t he w i ngs; a s a resu lt of FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:00 muscle inefficiencies heat is also generated. Therefore, several indirect proxies of flight energetics, such as body acceleration FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:30 KIISA NISHIKAWA (NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, and heat dissipation, are expected to be related to metabolic rate. UNITED STATES) I n orde r to re fi ne t he u se of i nd i rec t i nd icators of fl ig ht ene rget ics, MATTHEW MILLARD (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), DAVID W FRANKLIN (TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN, we compa red t h ree d i ffe rent tec h n iques: respi romet r y, t r i-a x ia l [email protected] accelerometry and infrared thermography with heat transfer GERMANY), WALTER HERZOG (UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CANADA) modelling. Lovebirds (Agapornis personatus) flew i n a w i nd t u n nel Recent studies demonstrate that N2A titin binds strongly to act [email protected] at a range of speeds, at which they were able to sustain flight in in vitro in the presence of calcium. This interaction decreases ae robica l ly (a s i nd icated by a respi rator y e xc ha nge rat io <1). Eac h t it i n le ng t h a nd i nc rea se t it i n st i ff ness i n ac t ive mu sc les. We u sed Although the sensorimotor delays experienced by a mouse measurement was made successively but also simultaneously in a muscle model based on titin-actin interactions to predict in vivo are small, these delays grow with the size of the animal the same individuals across the speed range in order to establish forces of muscles in guinea fowl running on a treadmill with obstacles (More et al., 2018). Such delays can turn stable systems the link between the different measurements. Our results will encountered at various phases of the step cycle. Data and simulations unstable, and make them prone to oscillation. However, the provide validation and robust approaches for estimating metabolic show that forces were unrelated to EMG onset and weakly related intrinsic stiffness and damping properties of muscle, being e ne rg y u se i n t he field a nd i nc rea se ou r u nde rsta nd i ng of bi rd fl ig ht to EMG amplitude. Forces were related to the decrease in velocity instantly responsive, can compensate for this instability. behavioural ecology. that occurs when the foot hits the ground, and to muscle length at The intrinsic stiffness and damping forces developed by active ground contact. Adding titin to muscle models improved prediction mu sc le a re st i l l not wel l u nde rstood . T he force profi le of ac t ively of muscle forces during level running and obstacle negotiation. We lengthened muscle is similar to that of a pre-loaded spring-damper implemented a titin-inspired control algorithm for the BiOM robotic (Herzog et al., 2002). The spring-like forces vary nearly linearly with foot-ankle prosthesis. Subjects were tested during level walking and the distance stretched, even past actin-myosin overlap (Leaonard et stair ascent. During level walking at variable speeds, the algorithm al., 2010). Neither a Hill nor a Huxley muscle model has a mechanism produced pla nta r fle x ion a ng les a nd a n k le mome nt s si m i la r to t hose for developing active force beyond the actin-myosin overlap. produced by people with no amputation. During stair ascent, the The experimental work of DuVall et al. (2017 ) suggest s t hat t it i n i s titin-inspired algorithm produced plantarflexion angles that were actively pulled towards the M-line during activation. Accordingly, si m i la r to pe rson s w it h no a mputat ion a nd we re ~5 t i mes la rge r on we have developed a three-filament muscle model in which myosin, average than those produced by the stock controller. By emulating within the actin-myosin overlap, actively pulls on titin. A virtual muscle properties, the titin-inspired algorithm provides adaptive experiment indicates that this mechanism can explain the spring- control of level walking at variable speed and stair ascent with like forces of actively lengthened muscle, but that this model is minimal sensing and no change in parameters. Binding of N2A missing terms for the damping-like forces. titin to actin provides a molecular mechanism for important muscle Acknowledgements: Financial support from Deutsche properties, improves accuracy of force predictions by muscle models, Forschungs Gemeinschaft grant no. MI 2109/1-1 and NSERC of and provides adaptive control for wearable robotic devices. Canada is gratefully acknowledged. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 156 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 157

how measuring methods, as well as an online database for agility signatures of a transverse arch, we track the evolution of the A9.3 PASSIVE-ELASTIC EXOSKELETONS A9.5 TAKE-OFF AND LANDING IN score collection and distribution is made open for any interested t ra n sve rse c u r vat u re a mong e x t i nc t hom i n i n s a nd fi nd ev idence for CAN IMPROVE STABILITY OF UNSTEADY BIRDS: RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION AND researcher. We hope to transfer and show the difficulties and a human-like transverse arch that predates the genus Homo by over be ne fit s of approac h i ng pe r for ma nce mea su re me nt i n biolog y a nd 1.5 million years. In addition to the evolutionary implications, our LOCOMOTION COORDINATION OF WINGS AND LEGS technology in parrallel, symbiotically and with simplicity of the resu lt s suggest st rateg ies for t he ma nage me nt of flat foot d i sorde rs methodology in mind. associated with diabetes and other orthopaedic conditions. FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:45 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:00

GREGORY S SAWICKI (GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PAULINE PROVINI (MUSÉUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE UNITED STATES) (PARIS), FRANCE) A9.7 POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS FOR A9.9 LINEAR ACCELERATION OF MOBILITY AND BALANCE IN HUMANS, THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS [email protected] [email protected] ANIMALS AND ROBOTS Passive-elastic exoskeletons do not impart net mechanical work to Take-off and landing allow the transition between two substrates FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:45 the user, but can reduce the metabolic cost of steady walking. They w it h d ra st ica l ly d i ffe re nt physica l prope r t ies. T hey a l so ma rk t he FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:00 do this by making the underlying muscle contractile dynamics t ra nsit ion bet ween t wo t y pes of locomot ion, eit her exclusively JANA GOYENS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), more economical. Here we aim to examine whether energy-neutral driven by the wings or by the legs. To understand the patterns of CHARLOTTE LE MOUEL (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PETER AERTS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) dev ices cou ld be equa l ly e ffec t ive du r i ng u n steady locomot ion . We coordination between forelimbs and hind limbs and quantify their INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, GERMANY) ask: Can exoskeletons with passive springs that are not capable of relat ive cont r ibut ion du r i ng ta ke - off a nd la nd i ng, we i nteg rated [email protected] dissipating net mechanical energy on their own improve locomotion mea su re me nt s of bot h leg a nd w i ng forces i n zebra fi nc h (Taeniopygia [email protected] The vestibular system in the inner ear is responsible for sensing stability? To answer this question, we modified a simple hopping guttata) and diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata). We measured whole- head movements for balance control. Linear head accelerations are model by adding an elastic exoskeleton in parallel with a uni- body kinematics using high-speed videos, ground-reaction forces I w i l l present t he t hesi s t hat e ffic ient motor coord i nat ion rel ies on t he sensed by otoconia crystals lying on a saccharide gel, while angular articular, Hill-type ankle muscle-tendon unit. We introduced a using a perch mounted on a forceplate, and aerodynamics using nervous system finding the appropriate body mechanical properties accelerations are perceived by cupula membranes in the fluid-filled range of ground height step-down disturbances and studied the pa r t icle i mage veloci met r y. We fou nd t hat du r i ng ta ke-off, legs to pe r for m a motor ta sk , t h roug h post u ra l adju st me nt s. T hu s, whe n semi-circular canals. There is no consensus on the underlying perturbation response of the model with exoskeletons of varying produced a major pa r t of t he whole -body resu lta nt accelerat ion. standing in challenging balance conditions, young adults stiffen biomec ha n ica l rea son for t h i s d i st i nc t ion . Two hy pot heses e x i st stiffness. We found a set of passive-elastic exoskeletons that allow Interestingly, we observed a discrete succession in the use of the their ankle through ankle muscle co-contraction to improve their to explain why the semicircular canals are insensitive to linear for faster and safer recovery from perturbations while also making h i nd l i mbs a nd forel i mbs, a s l i f t- off coi nc ided w it h t he sta r t of t he stabi l it y. I n cont ra st, whe n t hey wa nt to sta r t wa l k i ng, t hey rela x accelerat ions. T hey a re based on t he lack of a densit y d i fference steady locomotion more economical. Thus, we predict, that although first downstroke in both species. In contrast to take-off, wings their ankle, allowing them to fall forwards and fluidly initiate their between the cupula membranes and the surrounding liquid, and exoskeleton springs cannot dissipate any energy themselves, they contributed proportionally more to the velocity changes during fi rst step. E ffic ient ga it i n it iat ion t hu s requ i res a combi ned dec rease on t he cont i nuou s loop of flu id i n t he sem ic i rc u la r ca na ls. Howeve r, can steer the underlying muscle-tendon dynamics to a regime where landing. Nevertheless, the hind limbs significantly modulated in ankle stiffness and a forwards acceleration of the body centre of we found that increasing the cupula density in a Fluid-Structure the total system is more stable. These results suggest that lower-limb veloc it y du r i ng t he fi na l pha se of la nd i ng a nd we re, t he refore, c r it ica l mass. The amplitude and timing of these postural adjustments must I nte rac t ion model of t he vest ibu la r syste m , nor i nte r r upt i ng t he flu id exoskeletons may not need complex control systems to achieve good to t he absor pt ion of k i net ic ene rg y a f te r touc hdow n . I n zebra fi nc h , be adju sted to t he body heig ht a nd ma ss, t hu s requ i r i ng post u ra l circulation in the canals, substantially increased the strain of the performance in unsteady conditions and highlights the importance touch down started after the last wingbeat, implying a functional learning throughout the lifespan. I will present a model for learning cupula membranes. Based on our simulation model, we propose an of u ndersta nd i ng how dev ices i nterac t w it h a user ’s physiolog y separation between the wings and the legs, whereas in diamond e ffic ie nt ga it i n it iat ion , a nd it s i mpl icat ion s for hu ma n s, a n imals a lte r nat ive e x pla nat ion for t he lac k of st i mu lat ion of t he se m ic i rc u la r ‘ u nde r t he sk i n’. doves, the last wingbeat started when the bird already reached the and robots. Finally, I suggest that impaired postural adjustments ca na l s by l i nea r head ma noeuve rs. D u r i ng a ng u la r accele rat ion , pe rc h . T h i s work de mon st rates a comple x i nteg rat ion of w i ngs a nd may lead to balance and mobility impairments, such as those which it i s t he c upu la, wh ic h sea ls t he ca na l, t hat ha s to “ pu sh” t he flu id legs modules, which differs across species and motions. The legs, occur during ageing, and may have a dramatic impact on health and in the canal forward, leading to a pressure difference and cupula more than the wings, play a prominent role in these two challenging quality of life. defor mat ion . D u r i ng l i nea r accele rat ion , on t he ot he r ha nd , t he ca na l A9.4 TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING pha ses of fl ig ht . wa l l “ pu shes’” t he flu id i n t he ca na l for wa rd , wh ic h resu lt s i n a muc h THE CHEETAH TAIL USING OPTIMAL sma l le r pressu re d i ffe re nce ove r t he c upu la, a nd , t he refore, a muc h CONTROL A9.8 FORM AND FUNCTION OF THE lower deformation thereof. A9.6 AGILITY IN LEGGED ROBOTS HUMAN FOOT FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 AND ANIMALS, HOW TO BENEFIT FROM AMIR PATEL (UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA) CROSS-LINKED QUANTIFICATION AND FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:30 A9.10 A CONTROLLER FOR HUMAN BENCHMARKING RUNNING INFERRED FROM MOTOR [email protected] MADHUSUDHAN VENKADESAN (YALE UNIVERSITY, UNITED VARIABILITY STATES), ALI YAWAR (YALE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:15 The cheetah is not only the fastest terrestrial animal but also one MARCELO DIAS (AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), CAROLYN ENG of the most manoeuvrable. These rapid manoeuvres are often (YALE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), DHIRAJ SINGH (JNCASR, FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:00 PETER ECKERT (EPFL, SWITZERLAND) accompanied by dramatic swinging of its lengthy tail. However, INDIA), LUCIA KORPAS (YALE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), the reason for these tail motions is still not entirely clear. Here, I will STEVEN TOMMASINI (YALE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), NIDHI SEETHAPATHI (UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, [email protected] utilise novel trajectory optimisation (optimal control) techniques to MAHESH BANDI (OIST GRADUATE UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), SHREYAS UNITED STATES) investigate the optimal use of the tail during transient locomotion. How to quantify performance? The past, our current time and maybe MANDRE (BROWN UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) Fu r t he r, t hese si mu lated t rajec tor ies w i l l be compa red to k i ne mat ic even the future are not (yet) sufficiently able to grasp this supposedly [email protected] data obtained from captive-bred cheetahs in South Africa. simple measure for animals or machines. In this presentation, we [email protected] Hu ma n r u n n i ng i s on ly approx i mately pe r iod ic. Motor noi se, sen sor y present a novel and practical approach for benchmarking agility, T he st i ff ness of t he foot i s i mpor ta nt i n locomotor y f u nc t ion a nd noise, and other small environmental variations repeatedly perturb an important, but still too unclear performance measure. We was important for the evolution of bipedal walking and running in the running motion away from perfect periodicity, even in the focus on terrestrial, multi-legged locomotion in the field of bio- humans. We show here that curvature-induced stiffness because of abse nce of e x te r na l pe r t u rbat ion s. A lt houg h t he mec ha n ics of t he inspired robotics and their biological counterparts. We talk about t he t ra n sve rse a rc h i n t he m id foot u nde rl ies t he st i ff ness of pr i mate ave rage r u n n i ng mot ion have bee n st ud ied e x te n sively, we do not ou r jou r ney to fi nd a ge ne ra l de fi n it ion of ag i le locomot ion a s t he feet. We use mathematical models, physical mimics of the foot, and yet have a complete characterization of how stable running occurs abi l it y to pe r for m a set of d i ffe rent but spec i fic ta sk s e xec uted in biolog ica l e x pe r i me nt s u si ng bot h hu ma n subjec t s a nd cadave r feet despite repeated and self-generated perturbations. In this work, we a fa st a nd e ffic ie nt ma n ne r. T h i s resu lt ta kes it s i n spi rat ion from to arrive at this conclusion. The principle is evident in a drooping obtain a simple and generalizable controller that stabilizes running, the analysis of natural role models, such as dogs and horses as dollar bill that significantly stiffens upon slightly curling it in the found by mining the step-to-step variability in human running data. well as robotic systems, making the resulting findings applicable transverse direction. Importantly, the contribution of the transverse We infer linear models that predict the leg forces and foot placement interdisciplinary. After the general definition, we will present how a rc h equa ls or e xceed s t hat of t he wel l-k now n cont r ibut ion of t he in response to deviations of the center of mass from the nominal the actual normalized benchmarking values are generated, and medial longitudinal arch. Through analysis of fossils for skeletal pe r iod ic mot ion . We fi nd t hat hu ma n s cont i nuou sly modu late t hei r ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 158 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 159

leg force so as to oppose a velocity deviation, correcting the deviation Perhaps the most fundamental principle underlying the control of mostly within a step. Horizontal motion is stabilized by total leg locomotion is that humans and other animals move in ways that A10 HOW BRAINS AND impulse modulations, whereas vertical motion is stabilized by minimize their energetic cost. For example, people tend to walk at d i ffe re nt ia l ly modu lat i ng t he i mpu l se w it h i n sta nce. We i mple me nt a speed that minimizes energy use per unit distance and, for that BODIES INTERACT TO these experimentally-derived control strategies on simulations speed, they select a step frequency that makes walking less costly. of a simple biped model and it recovers from incessant noise-like Although the principle of energy optimization has been established perturbations as well as larger discrete perturbations. The model for decades, it remains unclear how these preferences are formed and GENERATE BEHAVIOUR - predicts that humans may recover from perturbations in certain i nteg rated i nto t he neu ra l cont rol of movement. I n t h i s ta l k , I w i l l fi rst directions better than others. The model discovers behaviors show that humans can continuously optimize their gait, in real-time, previously observed in experiment: for instance, that humans to m i n i m i ze e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re. To do so, I developed a pa rad ig m NEURONAL PLASTICITY modulate the landing leg angle and stance duration to recover from where lower limb robotic exoskeletons are used to alter the energetic vertical perturbations. Such human-derived control strategies consequences of walking. I found that people will adopt optimal for r u n n i ng ca n be u sed to desig n bet te r robot ic e xoskeleton s a nd gaits, even when energetic benefits are remarkably small. I will next AND BIOMECHANICS: prostheses, understand movement disorders in runners, and inform d i sc u ss how e x pe r ie nce w it h t hese novel e ne rget ic g rad ie nt s, ga i ned running robots that approach human running performance. through variability in gait, affects the initiation and convergence of t h i s e ne rg y opt i m i zat ion process. Fi na l ly, I br ie fly h ig h l ig ht how a n NEUROMECHANICS AND understanding of this energy optimization process can be applied to the design of novel gait rehabilitation therapies and the control A9.11 THE COSTS AND BENEFITS of robotic assistive aids. NEUROPHYSICS OF ASYMMETRY DURING HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL GAIT A9.13 DYNAMICS OF TURNING FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:45 MANEUVERS ON HIGH AND LOW FRICTION JAMES M FINLEY (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, TERRAIN IN HELMETED GUINEA FOWL ORGANISED BY: TOM WEIHMANN (UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE) AND UNITED STATES) (NUMIDA MELEAGRIS) GREGORY SUTTON (UNIVRSITY OF BRISTOL)

[email protected] FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:30 Symmetry is a fundamental aesthetic of many things that we MONICA A DALEY (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED perceive in our environment, and we often experience a sense of A10.1 ON THE ROLE OF THE BODY IN A10.2 PASSIVE FORCES FROM INSECT KINGDOM), HANNAH GOLDSMITH (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, unease when this symmetry is lost. For example, asymmetries SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL COORDINATION MUSCLES AND EXOSKELETON AND THEIR UNITED KINGDOM), JADE HALL (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, observed during bipedal gait are often considered to be sub-optimal UNITED KINGDOM) OF LIMBS IMPACT ON MOTOR CONTROL or the sign of underlying pathology. Here, I will share recent work that challenges this notion by demonstrating that asymmetry can often [email protected] WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:00 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:30 be be ne fic ia l i n ca ses whe re sy m met r y ha s conve nt iona l ly bee n t reated a s opt i ma l. I w i l l fi rst con side r what happe n s whe n hea lt hy To move through natural environments, animals must balance many VOLKER DÜRR (BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) NICHOLAS S SZCZECINSKI (CASE WESTERN RESERVE individuals adapt their gait while walking on a split-belt treadmill. performance demands, including speed, economy, agility, stability UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), CLARISSA A GOLDSMITH (CASE We use behavioral analyses and simple models to understand how a nd i nju r y r i sk . Speed a nd stabi l it y i n ma neuve rs a re i mpor ta nt for [email protected] WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), SCOTT E features such as stability and energy interact to influence how predator evasion and fall avoidance. We investigated the dynamics RUBEO (CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), people walk in this environment. During extended exposure to of turning maneuvers in the helmeted guinea fowl. To manipulate A key feature of natural locomotion behaviour of animals is the MANTAS A NARIS (UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER, UNITED the treadmill, participants gradually adjust their coordination locomotor priorities during turning, we compared maneuvers on flexible use of limbs according to their prevalent needs and goals. STATES), CHRISTOPH GUSCHLBAUER (UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE, pattern to take steps of equal length. Although reductions in this h ig h ve rsu s low f r ic t ion te r ra i n . Tu r n s we re e xec uted i n a 9 0 - deg ree In particular, the relative importance of spatial and temporal GERMANY), CHARALAMPOS MANTZIARIS (UNIVERSITY OF asymmetry are associated with a reduction in metabolic cost bent runway, wide enough to allow variation in turn sharpness as a coordination of legs depends on how fast, synchronous, subtle, COLOGNE, GERMANY), ANSGAR BUESCHGES (UNIVERSITY OF and mechanical work, we will show that taking steps of unequal control strategy. We expected low friction terrain to cause a shift in forcef ul or precise a movement has to be executed. For example, COLOGNE, GERMANY), ROGER D QUINN (CASE WESTERN RESERVE length is the energetically optimal solution for this task. We will priorities to minimize horizontal forces for slip avoidance, leading to con side r how t hese a spec t s may d i ffe r for a ny i nd iv idua l bet wee n UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) also show that people adopt this asymmetric strategy when given slower speeds, shorter steps and a shallower turns (closer to bend- behaviours such as climbing through a cluttered environment, t he proper ex per ience. I w ill t hen ex tend t hese ideas to consider running). We found that guinea fowl used surprisingly similar turn walking on substrates with varying slip and compliance, or escaping [email protected] adaptations in the context of neurological asymmetries in people strategies in high and low friction terrains, opting for a shallow from a sudden threat. Assuming that much of the movement post-stroke. This work seeks to understand how interventions to turn angle in both conditions. This suggests peak load regulation repertoire of an animal is not pre-programmed, the ability to We seek to apply what is known about motor control in insects as reduce a sy m met r y i n flue nce metabol ic cost a nd bot h qua nt itat ive is a priority in both conditions. Average speed decreased in turns coordinate limbs in an adaptive, state- and context-dependent directly as possible to the control of walking robots. We accomplish a nd subjec t ive mea su res of stabi l it y. O ve ra l l, t h i s work e x tend s ou r compared to straight runs on both substrates. Low friction terrain manner requires the integration of sensory information about this by constructing dynamic neural controllers for robots based on understanding of fundamental aspects of human gait, and it may increased the frequency of slips and falls; yet led to relatively subtle posture, touch and interaction forces between the body and the insect neurobiology, and using these controllers to control legged also inform the development of interventions for individuals with shifts in turn dynamics compared to high friction terrain. We did substrate. Recent research on insects has strongly benefitted robots whose kinematics and dynamics have been designed to be neuromotor impairments. obse r ve d i ffe re nces a mong i nd iv idua l s i n t u r n st rateg y, wh ic h we re from the combination of behavioural, neuro­mechanical and insect-like. This is a challenge because the small scale of insects correlated with independently measured bold/shy personality computational methods. This has accumulated evidence about the means that their motion is dominated by elastic and viscous forces ra n k i ngs. ‘ Bold’ bi rd s ra n fa ste r, fel l f requent ly, a nd slowed dow n variability of gait parameters, but also documented how both intra- rather than inertial forces, like for larger animals. To quantify the with practice to avoid collisions. Shy individuals ran slower, fell leg and inter-leg coordination depends on load, grip, limb posture, relat ion sh ip bet ween t hese forces, we pe r for med e x pe r i ment s w it h A9.12 ENERGY OPTIMIZATION IN rarely, and maintained similar speed with practice. Non-steady or contact events. With an emphasis on distinct step classes, load- st ic k i n sec t legs, i n wh ic h we rotated eac h joi nt to it s l i m it, held it, HUMAN LOCOMOTION locomotion may be especially influenced by bold-shy personality, dependent coordination, and the transfer of spatial information a nd t he n relea sed it . We recorded how eac h joi nt pa ssively ret u r ned because risk perception (e.g., allowability or avoidance of falls) can among limbs, this talk will discuss the concept of a centrally to rest. The proportion of forces contributed by the muscles versus st rong ly i n flue nce ma neuve r i ng st rateg y. patterned step cycle against evidence for alternating control modes the exoskeleton was quantified by ablating muscles in the legs. FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:15 that regulate posture or interaction forces. With regard to the control With these data, we constructed numerical and physical models of whole-body posture, it will also discuss the requirements of an of insects, designed neural control systems for their locomotion, JESSICA C SELINGER (QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY, CANADA) internal representation of space in insects and its relevance for a nd e xa m i ned how t he st r uc t u re a nd t u n i ng of t he neu ra l cont rol flexible motor behaviour. system a ffec ted t he models’ locomot ion . We fou nd t hat i n orde r to [email protected] achieve the proper coordination and range of motion, each muscle ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 160 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 161

needed a n “ i nteg rator ” to acc u mu late force ove r t i me to ove rcome ceaselessly. However, over time, they regain the ability to crawl and t he pa ssive ela st ic forces. We fou nd t hat t h i s e ffec t ca n be produced A10.4 POSTURE CONTROLS THE A10.6 EFFECTS OF MUSCLE to suppress swimming behavior despite that the nerve cord does not by more accurately modeling slow muscle fiber types, and using the MECHANICAL SEGREGATION OF COMPRESSION AND TRANSVERSAL reattach. Following a physical therapy regimen, which attempts muscle membranes as temporal integrators. The resulting models to recreate the leech’s natural locomotor movements, the onset of are more biologically accurate than our previous models, and have SIGNALS IN THE BODY OF THE INTERACTIONS OF ACTIVATED MUSCLES crawling recovery is greatly accelerated. In untreated animals, led to new control strategies for legged robots. BLACK WIDOW SPIDER ON THE CONTRACTION DYNAMICS AND t he fi rst c rawl c yc les a re not see n u nt i l 5 days post lesion , wh i le i n POWER GENERATION OF MUSCLES t reated a n i ma ls, we beg i n to see crawl c ycles 1 day post lesion; a WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:00 f u l l 4 days ea rl ie r. We a re c u r re nt ly e xa m i n i ng what prope r t ies of physical therapy aid in the acceleration of recovery. Our current WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:45 A10.3 AT HIGH SPEED, LIZARDS DO NATASHA MHATRE (UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO, CANADA), studies are contrasting individuals whom have undergone a passive locomotor training, whereby a treadmill performs much of the NOT ANTICIPATE TERRAIN COMPLEXITY SENTHURREN SIVALINGHEM (UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AT TOBIAS SIEBERT (UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART, GERMANY) SCARBOROUGH, CANADA), ANDREW MASON (UNIVERSITY OF needed movement, with those who have taken a more active role in their therapeutic process. Preliminary results suggest that an active TORONTO AT SCARBOROUGH, CANADA) [email protected] WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:45 role in recovery is needed for therapy to be effective. [email protected] Muscles are surrounded by other muscles, connective tissue, FRANÇOIS DRUELLE (FUNMORPH LAB UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, and bones. These neighbouring tissues may transfer forces Black w idow females have a st r ik ing body-for m; their long th in BELGIUM), JANA GOYENS (FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY to the muscle, modifying muscle architecture and the force legs support an unusually large pendulous abdomen. Here, we LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), PETER generation in the longitudinal (in the direction of the line of show that in their natural posture, the abdominal mass of black- A10.8 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AERTS (FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY, LABORATORY UNIVERSITY action) direction. Recent studies restricting muscle deformation widow females, interacts with the spring-like behaviour of their THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) by elastic bandages, rigid tubes, and plungers in transversal leg joints and mechanically determines the frequency tuning of direction showed changes in muscle architecture and SIMPLIFY CONTROL OF ARM MOVEMENTS t he ma ny d i ffe re nt mec ha nose n sor y orga n s fou nd on t he leg joi nt s. [email protected] performance e.g. in muscle force, shortening, and work. In this IN THE PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL T hu s post u re ca n be u sed to fle x ibly a nd reve rsibly d i rec t at te nt ion study, the influence of muscle compression induced by increasing In vertebrates, cyclical limb movement patterns are basically to d i ffe re nt compone nt s of t he web’s v ibrat ion s. O u r resu lt s t hu s PERTURBATIONS transversal muscle loading was examined and modelled. controlled by coupled spinal networks (i.e. central pattern generators emphasize the dynamic loop of interactions between behaviour T he refore, i somet r ic e x pe r i me nt s on i solated rat M . ga st roc ne m iu s or CPGs) rhythmically activated by a higher level drive, but a nd pe rcept ion , i.e. bet wee n t he ‘ bra i n’ a nd t he body. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:00 medialis (n=9) with increasing transverse loads have been potentially modulated by peripheral feedback in terms of timing and performed. Loads were applied by a plunger which was able amplitude of limb movements in response to environmental cues. KATRIN STOLLENMAIER (HERTIE INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL to move freely in vertical direction. The muscle force was Recent studies of lizard locomotion have shown that they are able to BRAIN RESEARCH TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), WINFRIED ILG measured at the distal tendon and the vertical movement of negotiate complex terrains at high-speed without apparent changes (HERTIE INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL BRAIN RESEARCH A10.5 THE EFFECT OF STOCHASTICITY the plunger was determined using a high-speed camera during of the basic motor timing of the locomotor system. Therefore, (at TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), CHRISTINA PLEY (HERTIE INSTITUTE ON BODY DYNAMICS IN MULTILEGGED suprama ximal muscle stimulation. To simulate the interaction least some) lizards seem to be bound to the basic rhythmic pattern FOR CLINICAL BRAIN RESEARCH TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), DANIEL of a muscle with a transverse load we used a Hill-type muscle of the leg movements, whatever the terrain type they encounter, LOCOMOTOR SYSTEMS FB HÄUFLE (HERTIE INSTITUTE FOR CLINICAL BRAIN RESEARCH model with a geometric lever (G) mechanism accounting w it hout mon itor i ng a nd adju st i ng for prope r foot place me nt a s it TÜBINGEN, GERMANY) for the influence of transverse load on longitudinal force. is observed in birds and humans. We thus hypothesized that the WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:30 Transversal compression depresses longitudinal force development legs are just following a rhythmic neural motor pattern and that [email protected] in rat M. gastrocnemius medialis. The model seems applicable the legs can react (almost) instantaneously (by flexing/extending TOM WEIHMANN (UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE, GERMANY) to account for effects of muscle deformation within a range of The interplay between neuronal and biomechanical structures t he k nee) to t he subst rate va r iat ion s v ia ac t ive/pa ssive re fle xes. I n transverse loading when using a linear load-dependent function for determines how human movement is generated and controlled. In this way, the important anticipatory neural mechanisms relying [email protected] G. Possible mechanisms of the substantial decrease in longitudinal this interplay, muscles largely contribute to the control of human on visual control as observed in humans and birds are not needed. In legged terrestrial animals, different gaits and locomotion muscle force seem to be related to increased internal pressure, to movement. They stabilize against external perturbations and allow We examined the effects of running at different speeds over simple economy are determined by centre of mass (COM) dynamics. deformation of the myofilament grid leading to decomposition to reduce the amount of information that needs to be processed in a nd comple x te r ra i n s i n t wo d i ffe re nt spec ies of l i za rd s e x h ibit i ng COM dynamics, in turn, are largely determined by the degree of of crossbridge forces and possibly to an inhibition of cross-bridge the control, i.e. they show high “morphological computation”. different locomotor specializations, i.e.Podarcis muralis described leg synchronization, duty factor and the resulting overall vertical generation. While this has been demonstrated in many computer simulation as an efficient climber andAcanthodactylus boskianus described ground reaction forces (GRF). The degree of leg synchronisation studies on locomotion, also the neuronal control of goal-directed as a fast runner. We used kinematic analyses to describe the within sets of legs, like the typical tripodal sets of insects, arm movements benefits from the properties of the musculoskeletal instantaneous velocity of the legs as well as the frequency. Our are determined by ipsilateral phase relations and stochastic system, in particular in contact with the environment. To results show that lizards do not anticipate the terrain complexity i r reg u la r it ies of t he legs’ touc h dow n a nd ta ke off. W h i le ipsi late ra l further investigate this, we applied static perturbations of the to run, thus suggesting the absence, in some respect, of anticipatory A10.7 HOW HIRUDO GOT ITS GROOVE pha se sh i f t s ca n be adju sted del ibe rately, t he deg ree of stoc ha st ic it y inertia and damping properties of the arm, as well as dynamic neural mechanisms. BACK: EXAMINING THE ROLE OF depends on internal and external disturbances. In a numerical torque perturbations to simulated pointing movements. model approac h , t he combi ned e ffec t s of ipsi late ra l pha se sh i f t s PHYSICAL THERAPY IN RECOVERY To this end, we use a neuro-musculoskeletal model of the arm and stochasticity on total vertical GRF and body dynamics have been FOLLOWING NERVE CORD INJURY with two degrees of freedom (elbow and shoulder), actuated by e xa m i ned for locomotor syste m s w it h t wo to fou r pa i rs of wa l k i ng six muscles (four monoarticular, two biarticular). The muscle legs. The calculations show that both, ipsilateral phase shift and WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 14:30 stimulations are controlled by a combination of a feed-forward stochasticity result in decreased leg synchronisation in putative command and a time-delayed feedback loop which incorporates alternating sets of legs. However, temporal dissociation of the sets CYNTHIA HARLEY (METROPOLITAN STATE UNIVERSITY, proprioceptive feedback (mono-synaptic reflexes). To determine of legs results in low amplitudes of the total vertical GRF and the UNITED STATES) the feed-forward command, we introduced a triphasic muscle COM respec t ively. W h i le stoc ha st ic it y ma i n ly a ffec t s t he pha se stimulation pattern. The corresponding parameters were optimized range around 0.5, i.e. the proximity of alternating leg coordination, [email protected] to ge ne rate e x pe r i me nta l ly obse r ved m i n i mu m je rk t rajec tor ies. c ha nges i n ipsi late ra l pha se sh i f t s have la rge r e ffec t s w it h h ig he r The model accurately predicts unperturbed single-joint deviations from the alternating gait pattern. Moreover, with Locomotor training has proven integral to recovery following movement s. Fu r t he r more, t he respon se of t he model to e x te r na l increasing disturbances, synchrony factors decline even when nerve cord lesions in humans and animals alike. While we know static and dynamic perturbations matches the responses reported the sets of legs are modelled in perfectly synchronised fashion. that locomotor training aids these individuals, we do not understand in the literature. In comparison to motor control models where Depe nd i ng on t he dut y fac tor, t hu s, ve r t ica l G R F a mpl it udes ca n the mechanism behind this recovery at the cellular level. Through the characteristics of muscles are not considered, this model d rop sig n i fica nt ly, wh ic h preve nt s t he e ffec t ive u se of ela st ic e ne rg y the use of an invertebrate model, the leech Hirudo verbana, we are demonstrates and allows us to quantify the benefit of muscle recovery on rugged substrates. taking a closer look at this process of recovery. Leeches have two characteristics in the control of goal-directed arm movements. primary locomotor behaviors—swimming and crawling. Following nerve cord transections leeches lose the ability to crawl and swim ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 162 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 163

Retaining a succulent life history has probably had a profound A11 OPEN BIOMECHANICS A11.3 HOOKS, SPINES AND SMART e ffec t on it s mec ha n ica l a rc h itec t u re. T he spec ies g rows a s a ba sa l ly CARABINERS: THE FUNCTIONAL trailing stem with a circular cross-section, which then climbs as stem s w it h “rou nded-t r ia ng u la r ” c ross-sec t ion s. Apica l pa r t s of DIVERSITY OF ATTACHMENT ORGANS IN the plant (searchers) develop star-shaped cross-sectional stems, CLIMBING PLANTS AND HOW THEY WORK optimizing second moment of area for rigidity as well as well as increasing photosynthetic surfaces and gas exchange of the leafless ORGANISED BY: ROB JAMES (COVENTRY UNIVERSITY) TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:30 stem with little expense in biomass. The mechanical organisation comprises an outer “mechanical skin” (cuticle, epidermis and NICK ROWE (CNRS AND UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), collenchyma), which surrounds the fleshy compliant cortex and PATRICIA SOFFIATTI (DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÂNICA, SCB - centrally placed vascular cylinder. Light-searching stems therefore WHY DO WILTING ASSESSMENT OF A DIGITAL CENTRO POLITÉCNICO - UFPR - CURITIBA, BRAZIL) undergo extreme changes in geometry without compromising their A11.1 A11.2 primarily succulent structure. Searcher stems of H. setaceous and INFLORESCENCES OF GERBERA IMAGE CORRELATION-BASED [email protected] the mechanical optimization taking advantage of geometrical JAMESONII ‘NUANCE’ GET DROOPY? METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTITATIVE c ha nges rat he r t ha n comple x c ha nges i n mate r ia l prope r t ies, offe r FULL-FIELD 3D PLANT MOVEMENT Efficient mechanical attachment is an essential prerequisite for a n i nte rest i ng model on wh ic h to ba se idea s for e ffor t s to develop TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:00 climbing plants. In order to stay in the light and not fall into the biomimetically inspired growing, climbing artefacts. AND DEFORMATION ANALYSES darkness under canopy, they must stay attached. Many climbers, OLGA SPECK (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS particularly in the tropics, attach to host plants via highly specialized TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:15 GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT CRC 141, hook-like mechanisms. These vary widely in terms of: (a) size (b) GERMANY), LAURA-SOFIE LEHMANN (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG force of at tac h me nt (c) t y pe of deploy me nt a nd (d) ove ra l l f u nc t ion : A11.5 ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS MAX D MYLO (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, FIT CRC 141, GERMANY), TIM “invading” different kinds of three dimensional spaces. A big OF THE PETIOLE-LAMINA GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT, GERMANY), ANNA KAMPOWSKI (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS proble m for c l i mbi ng pla nt s to at tac h e ffic ie nt ly resu lt s f rom t hei r WESTERMEIER (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS TRANSITION OF THE UFO PLANT GROUP, FMF, GERMANY), MARCO CALIARO (UNIVERSITY OF “slow ” rates of g row t h a nd move me nt compa red to con sta nt, rapid GROUP, CRC 141 FIT, GERMANY), SIMON POPPINGA FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, FIT CRC 141, and unpredictable movement of host plant branches, particularly PILEA PEPEROMIOIDES – FIRST STEP (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, FMF, GERMANY), THOMAS SPECK (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT i n t he wel l-l it a nd e x posed ca nopy. Mec ha n ica l a nd “ behav iou ra l” FOR A BIOMIMETIC TRANSFER INTO GERMANY), THOMAS SPECK (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT observations of a wide range of hook -bearing plants suggest that BIOMECHANICS GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT ELASTIC ARCHITECTURE CRC 141 FMF, GERMANY) hook attachment is often deployed as a rapid “fail-safe” way of CRC 141 FMF, GERMANY) initially securing the climbing plant. Hook and spine attachments, TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:00 [email protected] espec ia l ly, fi ne spi ny su r faces a re e ffic ient a s “st ic k i ng ” at tac h ment s [email protected] pr ior to fi r m attach ment by slow g row t h processes such as stem It is a well-known phenomenon that water shortage causes wilting t w i n i ng or root at tac h me nt . Fi ne, spi ny su r faces a re l i kely e ffic ie nt MAX LANGER (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS Motile plant structures (and their underlying actuation principles) and in the case of Gerbera flowe r head d roopi ng. T h i s phe nome non for attaching to small supports and over small gaps between supports GROUP, FIT CRC 141, GERMANY), THOMAS SPECK (UNIVERSITY are of great interest for basic research and for the transfer into was quantitatively analysed within in a comparative study of fully in cluttered environments. Bigger spines and hooks can act as OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, EXCELLENCE biomimetic applications. Nevertheless, approaches to quantify turgescent and wilting peduncles of Gerbera jamesonii ‘Nuance’ with grappling structures and even as highly specialized “carabiners”. CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT CRC 141 FMF, GERMANY), OLGA SPECK the occurring displacements and deformation at high definition are respect to structural characteristics and mechanical properties. This kind of attachment is probably good for traversing big spaces but (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, still rare. The commercially available GOM Aramis software allows After 24 h of dehydration and storage in dry air cut Gerbera peduncles i s a l so e ffic ie nt for at tac h i ng to u npred ic table a nd mov i ng subst rates. EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT CRC 141, GERMANY) for non- contac t f u l l-field 3D su r face a na lyses. Ba sed on a ste reo - displayed pronounced bending in an 11 cm long region directly below This diversity of attachment structures and the kinds of deployment ca me ra set up a nd t he d ig ita l i mage cor relat ion met hod (3D -DIC), t h i s t he i n florescence. T he refore, t h ree -poi nt bend i ng test s we re ca r r ied a nd e ffic ie nc y of at tac h me nt have a w ide pote nt ia l for biom i metic [email protected] software was mostly used for automotive crash tests and mechanical out on 10 fully turgescent and 10 wilting peduncles in this respective applications that require efficient and safe attachment. testing of technical materials. In order to evaluate whether this Although in the course of biological evolution a plethora of plant transition zone. Wilting peduncles showed a significant decrease method can also be applied for studying plant movement kinematics leaf forms and structures (“bauplans”) have developed, they i n bot h fle x u ra l r ig id it y a nd a x ia l second moment of a rea, whe rea s and deformation as well as bio-inspired materials systems, pine are all related by their main functions, i.e. photosynthesis and t he be nd i ng ela st ic modu lu s showed no sig n i fica nt d i ffe re nce. Se r ia l cone seed scales (Pinus wallichiana) a nd t he move me nt of 4 D pr i nted transpiration. Particularly, foliage leaves with large surface areas sections revealed that the peduncle possesses a pith cavity in its basal biomimetic scales during desiccation (time-lapse recordings) and A11.4 PROFOUND CHANGES IN fulfil these functions reliably, but are especially susceptible to part, whereby the apical ending of the pith cavity is correlated with t he fa st t rap c losu re of Ve nu s fly t rap (Dionaea muscipula) (high- GEOMETRY IN A SUCCULENT STEM: damage caused by high dynamic wind loads. Many leaves consist the vertex of the bent wilting peduncle. In addition, cross-sections speed recordings) were analysed throughout their entire motion of a rod-shaped petiole connected to a planar lamina via a smooth of wilting peduncles deviated significantly more from circularity THE MECHANICAL ARCHITECTURE OF A cycle. In the pine cone and the biomimetic scale, certain regions with and robust transition zone. While transitions in form of gradients than those of turgescent stalks and displayed a considerable CLIMBING CACTUS strong shrinkage effects due to desiccation help for explaining the are a common feature in biology, especially between different shrinkage of the parenchymatic tissues, the latter taking up the observed multi-phase motions of both structures. For Dionaea, the structural components, little is known about shape, anatomy and major it y of t he c ross-sec t iona l a rea. I n su m ma r y, ou r resu lt s i nd icate mea su red st ra i n field cou ld be u sed to eva luate c u r re nt hy pot heses TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:45 biomechanics of the transition zone between lamina and petiole. that the phenomenon of drooping Gerbera inflorescences is the on snap-buckling behaviour. Because of the method’s capability to Moreover, such gradients or transition zones are of great interest to resu lt of a natom ica l d i ffe re nces (t i ssue a r ra nge me nt, e x i ste nce continuously measure surface displacements and strains at high PATRICIA SOFFIATTI (DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY - architects and engineers who, inspired by biological role models, or absence of pith cavity) between the apical and basal regions of spatial and temporal resolution, covering a wide range of motion FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARANA, BRAZIL), NICK P ROWE are seeking for improved robust connections between rod-shaped their peduncles and geometrical alterations (axial second moment durations and specimen sizes, it allows for a detailed differentiation (CNR - UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) and planar components. Until now, these technical connections of area, circularity of cross-section, shrinkage of tissues) depending of st ra i n field s a nd mu lt i-pha se move me nt steps. A lt houg h sma l le r have been composed of a large number of individual elements and on water availability. adju st me nt s have to be made whe n work i ng w it h biolog ica l su r faces, [email protected] are prone to failure due to regions of high stress and strain. In order to 3D-DIC is a promising tool to study movements both in plants and gain a deeper understanding of these complex natural transitions, we The Cactaceae are remarkable plants adapted to arid and semi-arid in animals. performed anatomical and biomechanical investigations on leaves environments. They have a large variety of terrestrial growth of selected mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. One of these forms with succulent stems and reduction of leaves into spines. dicotyledonous species is the UFO plant (Pilea peperomioides), whose But not all cacti are “typical” upright or barrel-shaped forms. leaves show a mec ha n ica l ly robu st 3D -t ra n sit ion zone, wh ic h wa s Climbing cacti are present in a few lineages and have developed tested for both, bending and twisting, in order to obtain the twist- a very particular mechanical strategy without compromising to-bend ratio. Furthermore, serial cross-sections were performed succulent functional traits. Most other climbing plant groups to gain insight into the anatomical structure of these natural share similar mechanical “strategies”, with stiff young stems, connections and of the structural variations in this transition zone. flexible old stems and specialized attachment.Hylocereus setaceus is a climbing cactus occurring in coastal, south-eastern Brazil. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 164 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 165

mite species, Poecilochirus carabi and Macrocheles nataliae. A11.6 COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF A11.7 FOOD PROCESSING We characterised underlying behavioural and biomechanical A11.10 BIPEDAL WALKING AND THE SELF-SEALING MECHANISMS RHYTHMICITY ACROSS THE adaptations driving niche partitioning on their host burying beetles, RUNNING: ARE BIPEDAL GAITS Nicrophorus vespilloides. Field observations revealed strong spatial IN LEAVES OF DELOSPERMA COOPERI FISH-TETRAPOD SPLIT segregation between species across distinct regions of the beetles: RELATED TO EVOLUTION OR SIZE? AND DELOSPERMA ECKLONIS P. carabi preferred the ventral side of the thorax, whereas M. nataliae TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:30 were exclusively found ventrally, on the intersegmental joints TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:15 TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:15 of the abdomen. Experimental manipulations showed that both NICOLAI KONOW (UMASS LOWELL, UNITED STATES), CLARICE species started occupying less preferable body parts as their density JIM USHERWOOD (THE ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED LINNEA HESSE (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BOUVIER (UMASS LOWELL, UNITED STATES), DANIEL SCHWARZ increased, suggesting there is intra-specific competition for space KINGDOM), ZOE T SELF DAVIES (THE ROYAL VETERINARY BIOMECHANICS GROUP, BOTANIC GARDEN, FIT CRC 141 FMF, (U. JENA, GERMANY), CARLA M RODRIGUEZ (UMASS LOWELL, at high mite densities. Competition affected the two mite species in COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM), RUSSELL P MAIN (PURDUE GERMANY), TIM KAMPOWSKI (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG UNITED STATES), MATEO G RULL (UMASS LOWELL, UNITED different ways:P. carabi retreated from the thorax in the presence UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), ALEKSANDRA V BIRN-JEFFERY PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, BOTANIC GARDEN, FMF, STATES), CALLUM F ROSS (U. CHICAGO, UNITED STATES), of high M. nataliae density, whereas M. nataliae distributions (QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM), GERMANY), JOCHEN LEUPOLD (DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY, EGON HEISS (U. JENA, UNITED STATES) were unaffected by high densities ofP. carabi. Attachment force MONICA A DALEY (THE ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED MEDICAL PHYSICS, MEDICAL CENTER—UNIVERSITY OF measurements of mites on beetles varied with beetle regions and KINGDOM) FREIBURG, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, GERMANY), THOMAS SPECK [email protected] direction of force (normal vs shear). The minimum force required to dislodge each mite species from the beetle was greatest at each [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, Food processing using cyclic application of dentition-clad surfaces to species’ preferred attachment site. Therefore, biomechanical BOTANIC GARDEN, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT, i ngested food i s h ig h ly rhy t h m ic a mong ma m ma ls ( g ra nd mea n C V; Some pec u l ia r it ies of bipeda l ga it s – skewed force profi les a nd blu r red mechanisms generate niche partitioning among ecologically similar GERMANY), OLGA SPECK (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT Coe ffic ie nt of Va r iat ion = 15%) a nd ba sa l bony fi shes (25%) but less walk-run transition – have recently been reported for a large range species in spatially restricted environments, with direct competition BIOMECHANICS GROUP, BOTANIC GARDEN, EXCELLENCE so among lepidosaurs (lizards and their allies; 53%). This peculiar of bird species (Bishop et al., 2018). From this, it was inferred that occ u r r i ng on ly u nde r at e x t re me de n sit ies. It a l so h ig h l ig ht s t he CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT, GERMANY) phylogenetic shift in rhythmicity from aquatic-feeding anamniotes larger bipedal dinosaurs, with presumed anatomy similar to birds importance of studying symbiotic infracommunities to understand to te r rest r ia l a m n iotes i s not read i ly e x pla i ned by va r iat ion i n t he but at a larger scale, may have had locomotor mechanics comparable the diversity and complexity of species coexistence. [email protected] proprioceptive capabilities of the jaw closers. However, it might to birds, contrasting with familiar adult human gaits. However, have been i n fluenced by c ha nges i n flu id prope r t ies (wate r to a i r) as young humans show similar peculiarities in gait, with skewed force The genus Delosperma (Aizoaceae, ice plants) is characterized by vertebrates transitioned from aquatic to terrestrial chewing. We profiles and blurred walk-run transition. This has been attributed to mostly shrubby and leaf-succulent species native to semiarid and hot e xa m i ne va r iat ion i n c hew i ng rhy t h m ic it y ac ross t he fi sh-tet rapod simple scaling of mechanics and limited scaling of muscle properties habitat s i n Sout h a nd Ea st A f r ica. Da mage to t hei r succ u le nt leaves transition using data from a basal actinopterygian (Polypterus sp.), A11.9 CONTROL OF SILK PRODUCTION leading to strategies that minimize peak mechanical power demands therefore potentially causes severe drought stresses due to water t wo lu ng fi sh (Neoceratodus fosterii; Protopterus annectens), and IN CATERPILLARS: A BEHAVIOURAL with short legs (Usherwood, et al., 2018). But comparing young loss. Delosperma shows a h ig h ly e ffic ie nt sel f-repa i r mec ha n i sm si x sa la ma nde r spec ies ( Ambystoma mexicanum, Siren intermedia, children with adults clearly confounds leg length with many allowing for a rapid and reliable initial self-sealing (deformation of TRADE-OFF BETWEEN ATTACHMENT Amphiuma means, Plethodon sp., Ichthyosaura alpestris, and Triturus aspects of development. We therefore explore gait measurements the leaf bringing the wound edges into contact) and subsequent self- AND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY carnifex). Among ancestral gnathostomes (Polypterus,C V = 17%) of la rge biped s (emu , ost r ic h a nd hu ma n) t h roug h t he major it y of healing (biochemical and developmental restoration of structural processing rhythmicity rivals that of mammals and rhythmicity their ontogenetic size range in order to determine what aspects of and functional integrity of the leaf) of injuries of the leaves. The generally remains high in aquatic-feeding sarcopterygians TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:00 gait should be attributed to phylogenetic position or ecological and self-repair mechanisms can serve as promising inspiration for (Protopterus, 14%; Neoceratodus, 34%). The grand average CV anatomical detail, and what can be related to simple principles of the development of novel bio-inspired materials and materials for processing rhythmicity among lissamphibians (28%) is not SIMON CHEN (DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF mechanical scaling and muscle cost minimization. systems capable of self-repair. For this purpose, analytical and stat i st ica l ly sig n i fica nt ly d i ffe rent f rom t hat of ot he r a na m n iote CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), TADZIO WAND (DEPARTMENT numerical models were developed to identify the underlying chewers. These data suggest that the ancestral gnathostome state OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), functional principles of the self-sealing mechanism in D. cooperi. for processing rhythmicity was high and remained unperturbed by WALTER FEDERLE (DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF These theoretical approaches were complemented with 2D (light the transition to terrestriality. Thus, behavioral attributes such as CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) microscopy) and 3D (magnetic resonance imaging) tissue and A11.11 THE ALLOMETRY OF MAXIMUM inertial food handling might be studied to explain the uniquely low structure analyses and 2D leaf kinematics studies of D. cooperi and D. RUNNING SPEED IS NOT DETERMINED rhythmicity of chewing in lepidosaurs. [email protected] ecklonis. A direct comparison of the two species, which slightly vary BY ATP DEPLETION in morphology and habitat, allows to additionally clarify the most Many caterpillars feed externally on plants. The cost of losing relevant parameters for self-sealing in Delosperma leaves. It could be attachment to host plants can be high, particularly for small herbivores, TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:30 shown that the self-sealing mechanism is based on the combination but attachment itself can also be costly. B. anynana caterpillars lay of mechanical instabilities and hydraulic processes constituting a A11.8 BIOMECHANICS MEDIATES silk carpets to provide attachment points for their claws. However, MICHAEL GÜNTHER (UNIVERSITÄT STUTTGART, GERMANY), new state of equilibrium that ensures a mechanical and functional SPATIAL NICHE PARTITIONING as plant diets are low in nitrogen, producing protein-based silk may be ROBERT ROCKENFELLER (UNIVERSITÄT KOBLENZ-LANDAU, integrity of the leaf. The hydraulically driven dynamic process is e x pe n sive. We tested i f cate r pi l la rs econom i ze t he u se of si l k . Do t hey BETWEEN PHORETIC MITES ON THE GERMANY), THOMAS GÖTZ (UNIVERSITÄT KOBLENZ-LANDAU, hereby governed predominantly by two intrinsic parameters, the prefe r to at tac h w it hout u si ng si l k? Do t hey produce si l k on ly when it i s BURYING BEETLE HOST MICROHABITAT GERMANY) tissue permeability and the reflection coefficient. necessary? Given the higher cost of detachment, do small caterpillars lay down more silk thread length relative to whole body movement? [email protected] TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:45 By recording locomotion, silk production behaviour, and attachment forces in B. anynana caterpillars, we found that: (1) caterpillars At last year’s SEB annual meeting, a mechanistic model for explainig SYUAN-JYUN SUN (DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF prefer higher-traction coarse-rough substrates to slippery micro- the allometry of maximum running speed in legged, terrestrial CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), SIMON CHEN (DEPARTMENT rough ones; (2) caterpillars rapidly increase silk production on locomotion had been presented. With it, the idea published by OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), steeper and micro-rough substrates, and conversely reduce it Hirt et al. (2017 ) t hat t he absolute speed ma x i mu m obse r ved ca n WALTER FEDERLE (DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF on horizontal or coarse-rough substrates; (3) caterpillars detect be e x pla i ned by wh ite mu sc le fibre fat ig ue du r i ng accele rat ion to CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), REBECCA KILNER (DEPARTMENT substrate roughness using both their thoracic legs and abdominal the maximum had been challenged by suggesting an alternative, OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) prolegs; (4) second-instar caterpillars lay more silk thread length per muscle-mechanical mechanism. In their paper, the authors implied whole body movement distance than final-instar caterpillars; (5) that in fact ATP depletion was meant when using the term `fatigue’. [email protected] this ratio correlates with food nitrogen content in some situations. We have checked this idea by model-based calculation and present In contrast to B. anynana, caterpillars of the closely related species t he resu lt s i n t h i s yea r ’s meet i ng. Usi ng a si mple ba la nce equat ion Classical niche theory predicts that ecologically similar species Heteropsis iboina migrate daily up and down their host plant. We found relating mechanical to muscle-metabolic power during acceleration coexist by reducing the intensity of interspecific competition that H. iboina exploit plant geometry for attachment more often, and of the centre of mass, we gained a quantitative estimation of how via niche partitioning. However, empirical evidence of niche produce less silk than B. anynana. O u r resu lt s suggest t he t rade - off muc h AT P mu st have bee n con su med i n t he pred ic tably fi n ite pe r iod partitioning due to species-specific habitat preferences and/ between substrate attachment and nitrogen availability is a key factor approaching maximum speed. In this balance, the mechanical or interspecific competition is poorly understood. We tested for determining the use of silk by caterpillars. efficiency of skeletal muscle, its ATP storage capacity, and the the effects of interspecific competition between two phoretic ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 166 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 167

ratio of overall muscle to body mass have been taken as a basis. Two for m a n i nte r na l c lu ste r. We ident i fied d ig ita l g la nd c lu ste r i ng i n ma i n resu lt s of ou r ca lc u lat ion a re: (i) AT P deplet ion i s e x t re mely A11.13 HOW DOES FARRIERY A11.14 TWO BORELLI’S LAWS min. 10, not exclusively arboreal anuran families, suggesting a u n l i kely to accou nt for t he occ u r re nce of t he absolute ma x i mu m i n INFLUENCE THE VARIATION IN FOR JUMPING ANIMALS: SIZE CAN generic function not related to attachment. We show that the mucus the allometric speed characteristic. (ii) Any decrease in speed at high volume per surface area is ca. 4 times higher at the ventral pad surface body masses can definitely not be explained by limited ATP storage. PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ACROSS SOMETIMES AFFECT JUMP HEIGHT (40.8 nL/mm2 ) than at the dorsal one (9.5 nL/mm2 ), suggesting that DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE EQUINE digital gland clustering may help to compensate for mucus loss via HOOF AT WALK? TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:15 the contact surface. Further, we analysed the general chemistry of the digital mucus using immunohistochemistry, and infrared GREGORY P SUTTON (UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN, as well as sum frequency generation spectroscopy. The mucus A11.12 INTERSEXUAL DIFFERENCES TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:00 IN MANOEUVRABILITY IN LIZARDS UNITED KINGDOM) chemistry varies only little between arboreal (H. cinerea, Osteopilus septentrionalis) and non-arboreal frogs (Pyxicephalus adspersus, SARAH L HARLEY (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED [email protected] Ceratophrys cranwelli), and between different body locations. KINGDOM), PETER D CLEGG (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:45 Overall, the results of this study indicate that the mucus glandular UNITED KINGDOM), GINA L PINCHBECK (UNIVERSITY OF “ Borel l i’s law ” hy pot hesi zes t hat absolute ju mp heig ht for a n i ma l s i s system does not differ between arboreal and non-arboreal frog LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), JO L IRELAND (UNIVERSITY i ndepe nde nt of si ze. T h i s i s becau se a n a n i ma l’s abi l it y to ge ne rate MENELIA VASILOPOULOU-KAMPITSI (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, species, which disagrees with a specific functional role in tree OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), PETER I MILNER kinetic energy is proportional to its mass – thus its kinetic energy BELGIUM), COLIN M DONIHUE (WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY frog attachment. ST. LOUIS, UNITED STATES), JANA GOYENS (UNIVERSITY (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM) den sit y (i.e. it s ju mp heig ht d iv ided by g ) i s con sta nt. For a n i ma ls OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), ANTHONY HERREL (MUSÉE NATIONAL t hat ju mp u si ng a spr i ng-ac t uated syste m , t h i s see m s t r ue – w it h D’ HISTOIRE NATURELLE, FRANCE), PANAYIOTIS PAFILIS [email protected] ju mp heig ht hav i ng no cor relat ion w it h si ze. For a n i ma l s t hat ju mp using a muscle-actuated system, however, force-velocity affects (NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, How pressure is exerted over the hoof surface has implications on the muscles cause jump height to be attenuated at small sizes – A11.16 HEAD IMPACT KINEMATICS GREECE), RAOUL VAN DAMME (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, for long term health of the equine musculoskeletal system. Hoof ma k i ng it adva ntageou s for mu sc le -ac t uated ju mpe rs to be la rge r. IN WOODPECKERS BELGIUM), PETER AERTS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) trimming by farriers is essential in managing this. This study The maximum jumping height, however, for spring-actuated measured the pressure distribution over the forelimb hooves jumpers – while size independent – is lower than the maximum [email protected] of 24 healthy horses before and after trimming by a qualified TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:15 jumping height for large muscle-actuate jumpers; creating two fa r r ie r. Horses we re wa l ked ove r a pressu re mat ( Te k sca n®) for a A lt houg h i nte rse x ua l d i ffe re nces i n be hav iou r a nd mor pholog y e ffec t ive l i m it s on ju mp heig ht – i.e., t he re i s a ‘ Borel l i’s law ’ for eac h m i n i mu m of 5 st r i kes pe r forel i mb. Hoof pr i nt data wa s e x por ted SAM VAN WASSENBERGH (UNIVERSITEIT ANTWERPEN, BELGIUM), in lizards are often studied, differences in locomotor behaviour of t he d i ffe re nt ways of biomec ha n ica l ly ge ne rat i ng a ju mp. A n i ma l s to Matlab (Mathworks®) for processing and objective division ANICK ABOURACHID (MUSÉUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE remain poorly investigated. Maximal sprint speed is often used t hat use spr i ngs to ac t uate a ju mp fol low one of t hese laws wh i le into quadrants. Statistical analysis was performed in R Studio. PARIS, FRANCE) as a performance measure for predator avoidance of lizards. a n i ma l s t hat u se mu sc les fol low a not he r. T hese t wo Borel l i’s laws Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Mann-Whitney test were used Howeve r, i n t he field , accele rat ion capac it y a nd ma noeuv rabi l it y show why spr i ng ac t uated ju mpe rs a re a l most e xc lu sively sma l l, to test associations between paired and independent samples, [email protected] (related to habitat complexity) are probably even more important while muscle-actuated jumpers are almost exclusively large. respectively. The dorsolateral quadrant recorded higher pressures for escaping predation. Here, we investigate the manoeuvrability Woodpeckers use the forceful impact of their beak to hammer into than all other quadrants in both left (p<0.001) and right forelimbs and acceleration capacity of the Aegean Wall Lizard (Podarcis t rees for feed i ng, nest i ng, a nd i nte rspec i fic com mu n icat ion . T h i s (p<0.01); t h i s wa s not a f fec ted by t r i m m i ng. A l l quad ra nt s recorded erhardii) sa mpled i n t he isla nd of Na xos (A lyko, Na xos, Greece). behaviour has long intrigued scientists who wonder how these sig n i f ica nt ly d i f fe re nt pressu res i n bot h l i mbs, e xcept r ig ht forel i mb Males and females (N=30) where videotaped (dorsal view; 500 bi rd s protec t t hei r bra i n aga i n st i nju r y. Seve ra l hy pot hesi s have palmarolateral and palmaromedial quadrants. This was unchanged A11.15 EXPLORING THE FUNCTIONAL Hz) while chased through a racetrack with 90° turns, challenging been proposed that assign a role to the beak or the beak-braincase by t r i m m i ng. T he r ig ht forel i mb dorsomed ia l quad ra nt e x pe r ienced ROLE OF THE DIGITAL MUCUS GLANDS their manoeuvrability. Body markers along the mid-line, defining interface to serve as a shock absorber to minimise the deceleration of higher pressures than that of the left (pre-trim p=0.018, post-trim four body segments, were digitized. From this, the instantaneous AND THEIR SECRETIONS IN TREE FROG the brain upon impact. However, since any absorption or dissipation p=0.028). Trimming did not significantly alter the pressures displacement, velocity and acceleration of the body centre of mass ATTACHMENT of t he head’s k i net ic e ne rg y upon i mpac t i mpl ies lowe r pea k forces recorded in the left forelimb, whilst in the right forelimb it reduced were calculated, as well as the angular displacements of the body e xe r ted by t he t ip of t he bea k on t he t ree, evolv i ng a ny t y pe of shoc k the pressure in dorsomedial (p=0.01), palmaromedial (p=0.015) and seg ment s t h roug hout a 9 0 ° t u r n . So fa r, t he on ly d i ffe rence we fou nd absorber will probably impair the bird’s hammering performance. palmarolateral (p=0.022) quadrants. These data show how regions TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:00 is that females managed to complete the trials on the racetrack in less To st udy t h i s pa radox , we a na lysed t he k i ne mat ics of t he uppe r bea k of t he hoof e x pe r ie nce d i ffe re nt pressu res du r i ng load i ng at wa l k , time than males (0.48±0.1 s and 0.77±0.24 s respectively), without and braincase (eye centre position) based on high-speed videos w it h t he dorsolate ra l reg ion subjec t to h ig hest pressu res. Tr i m m i ng JULIAN KA LANGOWSKI (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, reac h i ng, howeve r, a h ig he r top speed . O u r fi nd i ngs suggest t hat (up to 4000 frames per second) of two black woodpecker individuals resulted in different changes between left and right limbs. This NETHERLANDS), SARANSHU SINGLA (THE UNIVERSITY OF the larger and heavier males are less good in manoeuvring during (Dryocopus martius) during pecking. We found that decelerations did may be due to pre - e x i st i ng a sy m met r y or a va r iat ion i n approac h AKRON, UNITED STATES), ALEX NYARKO (THE UNIVERSITY challenged locomotion than females. In addition, it is possible not d i ffe r sig n i fica nt ly bet wee n bea k a nd bra i nca se du r i ng i mpac t, to trimming on right and left limbs. OF AKRON, UNITED STATES), HENK SCHIPPER (WAGENINGEN that the relatively longer trunk of the females, providing a large UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), FRANK T VAN DEN changes in the angle between both elements were minimal (about space for egg clutches, may simultaneously provide an advantage BERG (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), 1 degree), and so were the changes in the eye-to-beak distance for manoeuvring. This will be further explored by comparing the SUKHMANJOT KAUR (THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, UNITED (< 0.5 mm). These results strongly suggest that the multi-component unchallenged speed and acceleration capacity between sexes on a STATES), HENRY C ASTLEY (THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON, UNITED cranial skeleton of the black woodpecker is used as a rigid hammer straight racetrack. STATES), SANDER WS GUSSEKLOO (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY during pecking to optimise pecking performance, and not as a shock RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), ALI DHINOWALA (THE UNIVERSITY absorbing system to protect the brain. OF AKRON, UNITED STATES), JOHAN L VAN LEEUWEN (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS)

[email protected]

Mucus glands and their secretions are important features of the amphibian cutis. The digital mucus of tree frogs has been proposed to facilitate the remarkable attachment of these animals by enabling ‘wet adhesion’. However, the digital gland morphology and mucus chemistry are barely studied in tree frogs. To elucidate the functional relevance of these components in attachment, we comparatively studied their morphology and chemistry, respectively. Using synchrotron micro-computer- tomography and histochemistry, we show in the tree frog Hyla cinerea that the mucus glands opening to the contact interface differ morphologically from regular anuran mucus glands and ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 168 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 169

resu lt, it wa s c la r i fied t hat t he wav y su r face appea red on ly when medial hoof wall angle was increased post-trimming (left p=0.017, A11.17 FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY the swimming speed exceeded the threshold value. The amplitude A11.20 A MECHANICAL COMPARISON r ig ht p = 0.0 0 4). T he d i ffe re nce bet wee n dorsa l hoof wa l l a ng le a nd OF FEMALE SPERM STORAGE ORGANS and the wave length of the surface wave also showed the correlation OF THE EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS heel angle was greater (p=0.03) on the medial view than lateral view with the swimming speed. Both of them gradually decreased as the across both limbs. Medial hoof wall angle was significantly more IN INSECTS AND TRANSPARENT AND swimming speed increased, indicating the possibility of the water (EDL) MUSCLE IN C57-BLACK AND FVB acute (p<0.001) than lateral hoof wall angles in both pre- and post- FLEXIBLE MODELS AS TOOLS TO d rag reduc t ion e ffec t for t he rapid speed sw i m m i ng. MICE trim conditions of the left forelimb, but not the right forelimb. Hoof UNDERSTAND SPERM DYNAMICS trimming results in palmar heel migration and reduction in length TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:51 at t he toe. D i ffe rences i n t r i m m i ng a nd a ng u lat ion of med ia l a nd late ra l wa l ls of t he hoof may i nd icate d i ffe r i ng g row t h a nd have TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:30 A11.19 BIOMECHANICAL AND RACHEL HS TRAN (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED implications for mediolateral balance of the hoof. Asymmetry within forel i mb pa i rs may resu lt f rom d i ffe rent load i ng or t r i m m i ng a nd YOKO MATSUMURA (KIEL UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), SINJE MORPHOLOGICAL-ANATOMICAL KINGDOM), TIMOTHY WEST (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, affect conformation and long-term orthopaedic health. GÜRKE (KIEL UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), HALVOR T TRAMSEN CHARACTERIZATION OF INTACT, UNITED KINGDOM), JAMES R USHERWOOD (ROYAL VETERINARY (KIEL UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), STANISLAV N GORB (KIEL DAMAGED AND HEALED BRANCHES COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM) UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) COMPARING TWO SPECIES OF [email protected] [email protected] OPUNTIOIDEAE A11.22 FINE SCALE EMG The C57-black strain is most commonly used to elucidate muscle MEASUREMENTS AND 3D KINEMATICS In nature females often copulate with more than one male and can function. Anxiety exhibited in C57-black and their lack of running store sperm from different males in a sperm storage organ before TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:48 wheel usage (Ben Smith, RVC, personal communication) indicates REVEAL THE NEURAL CONTROL ovulation. Due to these facts mating success of males does not them to be a poor model of wild mouse locomotory behaviour. MECHANISM OF RAPID STEERING guaranty reproductive success, and this is called postcopulatory MAX D MYLO (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS In contrast, the Friend leukaemia virus (FVB) mouse strain is MANOEUVRES IN FLIES mate choice. Despite of the universality of this principle, female GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS @ FIT CRC 141, a hyperactive phenotype with locomotory patterns and muscle structures are much less studied comparing to male ones. Hereby GERMANY), FRIEDERIKE KRÜGER (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG mechanics that may mimic those of a wild mouse more closely. In TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:57 we focused on the sperm storage organ (spermatheca) in beetles PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS this study we measured, of particular interest if we assume that and aimed to unveil its functional morphology and simulate @ FIT, GERMANY), THOMAS SPECK (UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG t he fa st fibre t y pe content i s t he c r it ica l fac tor i n speed gene rat ion , JORDAN BALABAN (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), sperm dynamics in the spermathecae. Morphology and material PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER LIVMATS the mechanical properties of the fast-twitch fatigue-sensitive EDL SIMON WALKER (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM) composition gradients were studied by means of micro-computed @ FIT CRC 141 FMF, GERMANY), OLGA SPECK (UNIVERSITY OF muscle (n=10 total). The kinematics of the two strains were also tomography and confocal layer scanning microscopy. We found the FREIBURG PLANT BIOMECHANICS GROUP, EXCELLENCE CLUSTER explored by synchronising running wheel data and wheel-foot [email protected] structural diversity of the spermatheca among studied species not LIVMATS @ FIT CRC 141, GERMANY) contac t t i me sta mps (n=14 4 tota l). Sig n i fica nt ly h ig he r powe r wa s on ly i n e x te r na l st r uc t u res but a l so i n i nte r na l ones. Despite of t he found in F V B muscle than C57-Black (38.5 %, p < 0.05), whereas Flying insects are renowned for their fast wing beats and structural diversity, all species possess a similar pumping structure, [email protected] c ha nges i n force, veloc it y a nd r u n n i ng speed s we re not sig n i fica nt remarkable manoeuvrability. Understanding the neural control which is composed of a C-shaped chamber, muscles, and a resilin (p > 0.05). These results suggest other differences in muscle property of t hese i mpressive fl ie rs w i l l g ive biomec ha n ica l conte x t to t hei r Plants have a high selective pressure on the evolutionary enriched region. Focusing on one species, which shows a relatively presumably relating to the shape of the force-velocity curve. Thus, evolution, ecology, and diversity and can provide inspiration for development of an efficient repair of wounds, induced e.g. by simple shape with an internal projection in the spermatheca, we t he ev ide nce of F V B’s supe r ior pe r for ma nce suggest s t hat t he u se the development of small, manoeuvrable flying robots. In Diptera env i ron menta l i mpac t s. T he fi rst repa i r step, a fa st wou nd sea l i ng challenged to simulate sperm dynamics in the spermatheca by of t he C 57-blac k st ra i n a s a n appropr iate a n i ma l model may have to (true flies), the thorax is filled with large, antagonistic sets of (within minutes to hours after injury), does not only impede establishing a method of designing transparent, flexible, enlarged be re-evaluated to elucidate the mechanics of muscle performance. muscles, which indirectly power the wingbeats through thoracic infections by germs, but also protects the plant from dehydration. and low cost models. Our fluid dynamics tests with and without deformations. These muscles are asynchronous, allowing high Rete nt ion of stored wate r i s pa r t ic u la rly i mpor ta nt for xe rophy tes. t he i n ne r projec t ion showed qu ite d i ffe rent resu lt s. O u r approac h cycling frequencies and power output. Thirteen pairs of steering D u r i ng t he subsequent wou nd hea l i ng (w it h i n seve ra l days to wee k s demonstrated that structural variations in the spermatheca muscles attach directly (or near) to the wing hinge and provide a f ter i nju r y) t he pla nt rega i ns at least i n pa r t its mor pholog ica l/ a ffect fluid dy namics, which suggests that shape d i fferences in precise control over the wingbeat kinematics. However, these anatomical integrity and mechanical stability compared to the A11.21 MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS the spermathecae among species can reflect postcopulatory mate control muscles collectively have less than 3% the mass of the power undamaged state. In the present study wound reactions in terms of OF THE EQUINE HOOF; HOW IS HOOF choice strategies in females. Based on our results we discuss the role muscles and are synchronous, requiring neural stimulation for each mor pholog y, a natomy a nd mec ha n ics a f te r a r t i fic ia l r i ng i nc i sion s of ou r e x pe r i menta l approac h i n u nde rsta nd i ng t he postcopu lator y SHAPE ALTERED BY TRIMMING? contraction. How these tiny steering muscles are able to operate are investigated in Opuntia ficus-indica and Cylindropuntia bigelovii, mate choice. e ffic ie nt ly at h ig h f reque nc ies a nd how t hey a re u sed to fi nely tune two closely related species of the subfamily Opuntioideae. The two TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:54 the wingbeat remains largely unknown. To fill in this knowledge, spec ies show a ve r y d i ffe re nt at tac h me nt of t he late ra l bra nc hes: we u sed fi ne w i re elec t rodes to mea su re E MG ac t iv it y i n t he stee r i ng very stable in O. ficus-indica versus very fragile in C. bigelovii, whose SARAH L HARLEY (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED muscles of blowflies,Calliphora vicina, wh i le fi l m i ng w it h fou r h ig h side branches serve for vegetative propagation. Bending tests are KINGDOM), PETER D CLEGG (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, speed cameras to calculate 3D wingbeat kinematics. We induced A11.18 BODY SURFACE DEFORMATION performed successively on the same lateral branches being still UNITED KINGDOM), GINA L PINCHBECK (UNIVERSITY OF ma noeuv res u si ng a h ig h-speed projec tor, wh ic h c reated a su ite of OF SPOTTED SEAL IN A RAPID attached to the plant to investigate their flexural rigidity in the LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), JO L IRELAND (UNIVERSITY OF visual stimuli onto a custom-designed screen encompassing the intact, damaged and healed (21 days after wounding) state. To SWIMMING LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), PETER I MILNER (UNIVERSITY h ig h ac u it y v i sua l field of t he fly. By matc h i ng t he recorded w i ng compa re t he fle x u ra l r ig id it y, t he sel f-hea l i ng e ffic ie nc y i s ca lc u lated OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM) kinematics we can combine our EMG dataset with previously taking into account all three aforementioned states. Morphological TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:45 collected time-resolved 3D visualisations of the wing hinge and and anatomical studies are performed via macroscopic and [email protected] muscle strains. Through this we can develop a full understanding microscopic analyses of the wounded lateral branches and YOSHINOBU INADA (TOKAI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), SHINICHIRO on how insects use their flight muscles to precisely manoeuvre. t i ssues du r i ng d i ffe re nt stages of t he repa i r process. O u r st ud ies Hoof shape is associated with lameness in horses; this study aimed ITO (TOKAI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), CHIHARU KAI (TOKAI will not only help for a better understanding of self-repair to evaluate the effect of hoof trimming on hoof shape. Digital UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), FUMIO TERASAWA (ENOSHIMA AQUARIUM, mechanisms in xerophytes but also for the transfer into biomimetic photographs were taken of dorsal, lateral, medial and solar views of JAPAN) materials systems. the forefeet of 45 healthy pleasure horses before and after trimming by qualified farriers. Measurements were made in Image J and [email protected] calibrated to a 5cm scale in each photograph. Comparisons were made Spotted seal (Phoca largha) is the widely distributed species of u si ng W i lcoxon sig ned ra n k test or Ma n n-W h it ney test for pa i red or pinniped. They have a stout and spindle-shaped body with a independent samples as appropriate. Increases in centre of rotation- thick blubber layer under the skin. When they swim rapidly, the f rog ape x (p<0.0 01), ce nt re of rotat ion- ce nt re of pressu re (p<0.0 01) body surface is deformed to make a wavy shape that is supposed and heel buttress-centre of pressure (p<0.001) were associated with to have some k i nd of flu id dy na m ic f u nc t ion l i ke a d rag reduc t ion . t r i m m i ng i n bot h l i mbs. Compa red to pre -t r i m m i ng, f rog ape x-toe To investigate this function, the body surface deformation of distance (p<0.001), solar width (p<0.001) and medial solar width spotted seal was observed at Enoshima aquarium, Japan. As a (left p=0.016, right p=0.03) were reduced post-trimming, whilst ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 170 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 171

use webs for many purposes, one of which, and perhaps the to a rat r u n n i ng at 1 m /s. D ue to t he relat ively h igh st ra i ns i n t he A11.23 SOPHISTICATED SUCTION most important one, is for hunting because of their perfect A11.26 LENGTH DEPENDENCE IN muscle belly at high impact intensities the part of the muscle- ORGANS FROM INSECTS LIVING structure. However, the mechanical properties and behaviours OCTOPUS ARM HYDROSTATIC MUSCLES tendon-complex (MTC) that absorbed most of the energy was of spider webs are far from being completely understood, supposedly the connective tissue in parallel to the fibre material. IN TORRENTIAL STREAMS: due to the complex interaction among all its components. Therefore, we reduced the strains in follow up experiments by THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:45 MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE I n t h i s work , we show t he mec ha n ics of t wo d i ffe rent spide r webs: reducing the impact intensities. With these reduced intensities, OF THE ATTACHMENT ORGANS OF NET- the orb web produced by Nuctenea umbratica and the tangle web we could avoid parallel elasticity and could measure the properties WINGED MIDGE LARVAE (DIPTERA: produced by spide rs of t he T he r id i idae’s fa m i ly. T he orb web ac t s l i ke LETIZIA ZULLO (ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA NSYN, of the fibre material solely across the whole isometric force range. a filter, selecting specific prey and discarding possible big prey that ITALY), ALESSIO DI CLEMENTE (ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI In the low intensity conditions with now having determined the BLEPHARICERIDAE) cou ld dest roy t he whole web. I n t h i s conte x t , what w i l l be e x pla i ned TECNOLOGIA NSYN, ITALY), IRENE BORNIA (UNIVERSITY OF properties of the fibre material across the whole isometric force range, is the mechanics of each single component of the web, with a special GENOA, ITALY), FEDERICA MAIOLE (ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI we calculated mechanical work loops of the MTC centre of mass THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:00 focus on the mechanics of the different junctions (produced by TECNOLOGIA NSYN, ITALY) du r i ng one da mped osc i l lat ion pe r iod a nd t he da mpi ng coe ffic ient s. different silk glands) that occur within the web. The tangle web, We found that the dissipated energy decreases with isometric force, [email protected] VICTOR KANG (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), instead, is the main supporter for the lifting-hunting mechanism. and the damping coefficient increases with isometric force. We ROBIN WHITE (CARL ZEISS X-RAY MICROSCOPY, UNITED This allows spiders to lift heavy prey making them unable to grip shortly discuss the significance of our findings in relation to state Muscular hydrostats are organs mostly composed of muscles, STATES), RICHARD JOHNSTON (SWANSEA UNIVERSITY, UNITED on surfaces and thus escape. We show that this hunting behaviour of t he a r t mec ha n ica l model s for fibre t i ssue cont rac t ion . differently arranged within the organ. The global mechanical KINGDOM), THOMAS VAN DE KAMP (KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE could be modelled mechanically for both the Steatoda triangulosa effect of contraction of individual muscles allows reaching a wide OF TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY), TOMÁŠ FARAGÓ (KARLSRUHE and Steatoda pakulliana species. In particular, we show how the variety of organ shape. As hydrostatic muscles maintain a constant INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GERMANY), WALTER FEDERLE nonlinear mechanics associated to the spider silk is essential in this volume, changes in structure and dimension are accompanied (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) mec ha n i sm i n orde r to ac h ieve bet te r l i f t i ng e ffic ie nc y. by a redistribution of the internal hydrostatic pressure. Hence, A11.28 THE SCALING OF POWER during motion, each muscle type can be subject to a variable DURING ESCAPE SWIMMING IN [email protected] pressure that modifies its length and width. Cephalopod limbs SCALLOPS Suction organs provide powerful yet rapid attachments for many represent a special case of hydrostatic muscles as they can undergo aquatic animals, including the octopus, squid, remora fish, and A11.25 REPAIR OF MICRODAMAGE a dramatic variation in length. Here we examined how in the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:15 clingfish. While the functional morphology of their suction IN INSECT CUTICLE octopus arm hydrostatic limb, passive and active forces developed organs has been investigated previously, few studies to date have by antagonistic muscles (inner and outer muscles layers) change GRAHAM ASKEW (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), focussed on suction organs from insects. Using scanning electron with muscle length and how this can drive different motions. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 TOM NEIL (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), RICH microscopy, laser confocal scanning microscopy, and X-ray micro- We performed in-vitro biomechanical test of inner and outer MARSH (BROWN UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) computed tomography, we have characterised the morphology of DAVID TAYLOR (TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, THE UNIVERSITY muscles and showed that they have a length/tension relationship suction organs from net-winged midge larvae (Blephariceridae) typical of other hydrostatic organs and manifest similar responses OF DUBLIN, IRELAND), MAEVE O’NEILL (TRINITY COLLEGE [email protected] – aquatic insects that live on rocks in torrential alpine waterways DUBLIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN, IRELAND) to pa ssive defor mat ion s. Despite t hese si m i la r it ies, t hey a re held w it h flow rates up to 3 m /s. We ide nt i fied t h ree i mpor ta nt st r uc t u ra l within the arm under different compression thus generating a The scaling of muscle power output is crucial to understanding size- adaptations: First, a dense array of spine-shaped hairs that cover the [email protected] constitutive strain gradient from the periphery to the center of related d i ffe re nces i n a n i ma l locomot ion . It ha s bee n hy pot hesi sed suction disc and make tip-contact with the surface upon attachment. the arm. This implies that a motor input reaching the arm will find that muscle mass-specific power output should scale negatively -1/3 Microstructures on the contact surface of suction organs have It is well known that mammalian bone develops microdamage in the inner and outer muscle layers at a different initial length. In light of with body mass (Mb ) according to geometric similarity (as Mb ). previously been described for the aforementioned animals and are form of sub-millimetre cracks during normalin vivoloadings, and this, in-vivo muscle contribution to motion can vary and must be Muscle mass-specific power output was determined in vivo during known to increase shear resistance in high-drag environments. that it is capable of repairing this damage, thus extending bone’s interpreted with respect to their natural stretch/compression rate. escape swimming by measuring the inter-valve pressure and Second, we found structures at the disc rim that could help to seal the durability. Here we showed that insect cuticle is also capable of This consideration can be fundamental to the comprehension of volu me c ha nge (powe r = pressu re x flow rate), i n t h ree spec ies of orga n onto a va r iet y of roug h su r faces. T h i rd , we ident i fied a novel repairing microdamage. We applied bending loads to the hind tibiae muscle use during cephalopod limb and, more in general, hydrostatic scallops cover ing a 96-fold range in mass. Muscle mass-speci fic -0.227 detac h me nt mec ha n i sm : A V-shaped notc h on t he a nte r ior side of of the locust (Schistocerca gregaria), testing in vivo to simulate the organs movements. power decreased with increasing mass, scaling as Mb . The mean the suction disc is actively peeled open via two apodemes attached forces t hat occ u r du r i ng ju mpi ng. We fou nd a reduc t ion i n ela st ic stress and muscle strain during the contraction cycle were constant to the flanks that are each controlled by a dedicated muscle. Using stiffness after each successive jump, indicating the presence of and therefore muscle mass-specific work was independent of body these adaptations, midge larvae can resist shear and normal forces m ic roda mage. I f lef t for shor t pe r iod s of t i me, up to 1 day, t he st i ff ness mass. T herefore, mass-speci fic power sca led la rgely w it h mea n up to 1,400 and 800 times their body weight on smooth surfaces, remained low, but when retested after 1 week and 4 weeks it had A11.27 MECHANICAL WORK LOOPS OF shortening velocity and cycle frequency. In order to gain insight into respectively. They can also attach very well to rough surfaces where returned to normal, indicating that repair had occurred. In previous THE MUSCLE-TENDON-COMPLEX IN LOW the physiological determinants underlying the scaling relationship synthetic suction cups cannot, highlighting the potential for bio- work we demonstrated that insect cuticle can repair macroscopic of power with mass, the contractile properties of the adductor muscle inspired devices with improved performance on various surfaces. da mage (c ut s a nd pu nc t u res) but t h i s i s t he fi rst i nd icat ion t hat it i s INTENSITY IMPACT CONDITIONS were characterisedin vitro. Isometric stress was independent of body capable of detecting and repairing microdamage. mass and the twitch rise-time increased with increasing body mass. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 T he ma x i mu m veloc it y of shor ten i ng dec rea sed w it h i nc rea si ng body ma ss, sca l i ng w it h a n e x pone nt si m i la r to t hat obse r ved for i n A11.24 THE MECHANICS OF TANGLE KASPER B CHRISTENSEN (UNIVERSITÄT STUTTGART, GERMANY), vivo power, however, maximum isotonic power decreased with AND ORB WEBS: THE COMPARISON OF MICHAEL GÜNTHER (UNIVERSITÄT STUTTGART, GERMANY), i nc rea si ng body ma ss w it h a steepe r sca l i ng e x pone nt . De fi n it ive SYN SCHMITT (UNIVERSITÄT STUTTGART, GERMANY), TOBIAS conclusions about how mass-specific power output scales with body TWO HUNTING BEHAVIOURS SIEBERT (UNIVERSITÄT STUTTGART, GERMANY) ma ss a re d i ffic u lt to d raw, but t he sca l i ng of cont rac t ion f reque nc y with body mass is inconsistent with scaling in accordance to THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:15 [email protected] geometric similarity. For any type of terrestrial locomotion the common working GABRIELE GRECO (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENVIRONMENTAL AND condition is active contraction of skeletal muscles that MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO, ITALY), generates skeletal movement through space. For mammalian BARBARA MAZZOLAI (IIT - CENTER FOR MICRO-BIOROBOTICS@ locomotion propulsion requires repulsion from a surrounding SSSA, ITALY), NICOLA M PUGNO (DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL solid that in turn induces shock-wave-like accelerations ENVIRONMENTAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, ITALY) (impact) to the system via bones muscles and joints. In former isolated muscle contractions experiments, we had [email protected] emulated shock waves that propagate through a muscle in response Spider webs are fascinating structures that have inspired the to impacts in Wistar m. gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis mind of scientists since the beginning of humankind. Spiders (GAS), at optimal length and with an impact force corresponding ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 172 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 173

few tens of seconds to feed. In this study we theoretically derive A11.29 LEARNING HOW TO SWIM: an optimal swimming strategy for a feeding oceanic sunfish: a A11.32 FLUID DYNAMIC FUNCTIONS A11.34 MORPHING WINGS AND TAIL: LESSONS FROM BENDING MOMENT ma x i ma l accele rat ion up to t he opt i ma l c r u i se speed , fol lowed by a OF SMALL TUBERCLES BASED ON THE HIGH-FIDELITY MODELLING OF BARN powerless glide; the optimal cruise speed and its duration depend on PATTERNS the distance between the stops. Regardless of the distance between DORSAL RIDGE TUBERCLES OF FINLESS OWL AERODYNAMICS VALIDATED BY the stops, however, the average swimming speed will be smaller PORPOISE PARTICLE TRACKING VELOCIMETRY THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 than the speed that would have minimized the cost of transport if the fish were swimming at constant speed. Bio-logging data from three THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:45 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:25 JOHAN L VAN LEEUWEN (EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY GROUP, animals show good agreement between the theoretical predictions WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), and actual swimming behavior. YOSHINOBU INADA (TOKAI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), KEIYA SATO JIALEI SONG (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED CEES J VOESENEK (EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY GROUP, (TOKAI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), MIKI OKAI (TOKAI UNIVERSITY, KINGDOM), JORN A CHENEY (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), JAPAN), YAYOI YOSHIDA (TOKAI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) UNITED KINGDOM), ALEX NILA (LAVISION, GERMANY), UWE GEN LI (DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE AND DIERKSHEIDE (LAVISION, GERMANY), JONATHAN PJ STEVENSON ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY JAMSTEC, JAPAN), FLORIAN T MUIJRES A11.31 DRAG DUALITY IN UNDULATORY [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), NICHOLAS E (EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY GROUP, WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND SWIMMERS GOVERNS OPTIMIZATION DURSTON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), SHANE RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS) STRATEGIES Finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) has many small P WINDSOR (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), tubercles on its dorsal ridge at the centerline of the back. Those JAMES R USHERWOOD (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED [email protected] tubercles generally have conical or hemisphere shape with a couple KINGDOM), RICHARD J BOMPHREY (ROYAL VETERINARY THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:30 of millimeters height. Their function is supposed to reduce the water Most species of fish swim with body undulations, also in their COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM) surface turbulence when the porpoise enters into the water after the la r va l stages. T hese u ndu lat ion s a re t he resu lt of flu id-st r uc t u re GEN LI (JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE-EARTH SCIENCE AND breath because the water on both sides of the body meets at the dorsal interaction between the internal tissues of the fish and the [email protected] TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN), CEES VOESENEK (WAGENINGEN ridge and generates the water turbulence like waves or splashes. su r rou nd i ng wate r. A lt houg h t he gove r n i ng physics a re comple x , UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), HAO LIU (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, T he wate r ent r y e x pe r i ment s we re done to con fi r m t h i s f u nc t ion Gliding birds manipulate their aerodynamic forces by changing just-hatched lar vae can already sw im effectively. Despite their JAPAN), ULRIKE MÜLLER (CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY using a streamline and a finless porpoise scale model equipped with the position, shape and size of their wings and tail. These shape presumably limited neural capacity for muscle control and lack FRESNO, UNITED STATES), JOHAN VAN LEEUWEN (WAGENINGEN sma l l t ube rc les on t hei r su r faces. A s a resu lt, t he fi n less por poi se changes enable them to move where they wish, stabilise their of swimming experience, they can produce fast starts followed UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) scale model showed a distinct wave reduction and the streamline trajectories, or reduce energy cost. How morphing the wings by prolonged swimming at 2 days post fertilisation (dpf). To model also showed a sound reduction during the water entry, and tail affects aerodynamic force production is still not well exam ine how t hese la r vae sw im, we calculated spat iotemporal [email protected] show i ng t he ma rked flu id dy na m ic f u nc t ion s to i n h ibit t he wate r explained due to limited geometric data sets, the challenges of distributions of the net bending moment, that includes active and surface turbulence. qua nt itat ive flow v i sua l i sat ion at la rge sca les, a nd t he coa rse ness, pa ssive cont r ibut ion s, a long t he body of f ree -sw i m m i ng zebra fi sh Drag is a key factor in explaining behaviours and predicting or computational demands, of aerodynamic modelling. Here, we larvae from 3–12 dpf. These distributions were computed from st rateg ies of fi sh , but i s d i ffic u lt to mea su re. By u si ng a n i nteg rated u sed h ig h-fidel it y computat iona l flu id dy na m ics (C F D) model l i ng a large data set of video-tracked 3D motion, 3D computational three-dimensional computational approach that couples the to investigate the roles of each lifting surface on aerodynamic fluid dynamics, and a large-amplitude deformation model. Navier-Stokes equations with the equations of undulating body performance. We studied a gliding barn owl, Tyto alba, to develop These data show that bending moment patterns of each half-beat motion, we decomposed thrust and drag in swimming fish, and A11.33 BIRDS AND BUBBLE WAKES: a mesh model usi ng h igh-acc u rac y photog ra m met r y. Ou r flow are similar across larvae throughout early development, as well further decomposed drag into pressure and shear components. OPTIMISING FOR MORE THAN JUST simulation results show a new detailed vortex structure and as for different speeds and accelerations. The pattern changes We investigated various fish morphological and kinematic ELLIPTICAL LOADING AND INDUCED also provide the pressure distribution on the owl surface which mainly in amplitude and duration, depending on the combination patterns across a wide Reynolds number range (100 ~10 3 ). DRAG elucidates t he role of t he ta i l i n fl ight cont rol. We va l idated ou r of speed and acceleration: combinations with high amplitudes and/ We found an interesting contrast when comparing an undulatory modelling by comparing the downwash velocities predicted by our or short durations support swimming at high speeds, or with strong swimming fish with a rigid three-dimensional object (sphere): simulation with those measured in the wake of the same bird by accelerations. Although the patterns are similar, the envelope of On the one hand, the drag of an undulating swimmer and that THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 tracking neutrally buoyant soap bubbles in a large volume. possible amplitudes increases considerably in the first days of of a sphere sca le w it h Re i n t he sa me way; on t he ot her ha nd, t he development, allowing older larvae to swim at higher speeds and drag magnitude differ profoundly, with the undulating fish JORN A CHENEY (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED accelerations. The similarity of the bending moment patterns generating much more drag and its drag magnitude depending KINGDOM), JIALEI SONG (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, suggests that muscle activation patterns are also comparable. This on the kinematics of the undulating wave. Comparing our CFD UNITED KINGDOM), ALEX NILA (LAVISION, GERMANY), UWE may imply that fish larvae control their swimming relatively simply, simulations with analytical predictions revealed that the DIERKSHEIDE (LAVISION, GERMANY), RICHARD J BOMPHREY A11.35 AN INERTIAL MECHANISM despite the complex physics. latter capture neither the magnitude of the drag coefficient (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM), JAMES R FOR AVIAN GUST REJECTION nor its scaling with Reynolds number across flow regimes. USHERWOOD (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM) This contrast, which we call ‘drag duality’, in swimming fish THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 determines their swimming strategy: 1) During continuous [email protected] sw i m m i ng, fi sh c hoose t hei r u ndu lat ion f reque nc y a nd a mpl it ude A11.30 AN OPTIMAL SWIMMING Te x tbook desc r ipt ion s of bi rd fl ig ht d i sc u ss t he relat ively el l ipt ica l JONATHAN PJ STEVENSON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED to prevent e xcessive ene rg y con su mpt ion due to d rag. 2) Bu rst-a nd- STRATEGY OF THE OCEAN SUNFISH planform of avian wings as evidence that birds achieve minimum KINGDOM), JORN A CHENEY (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, coast swimming may save even more energy because coasting drag is induced drag by enabling constant downwash from tip to tip. To UNITED KINGDOM), NICHOLAS E DURSTON (UNIVERSITY OF (MOLA MOLA) lowe r t ha n u ndu lator y d rag at t he sa me speed . O u r C F D si mu lat ion s test this description, we measured the wakes of gliding birds by BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), JAMES R USHERWOOD (ROYAL allow us to identify the energy optima for each swimming mode, and tracking up to 15,000 neutrally buoyant soap bubbles. In contrast VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM), SHANE P WINDSOR THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:15 to quantitatively compare the two modes, while taking into account to our initial hypothesis that the action of the tail might compensate (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), RICHARD J morphological, kinematic, and scaling factors. for lift lost over the body and enable constant downwash from BOMPHREY (ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, UNITED KINGDOM) GIL IOSILEVSKII (TECHNION, ISRAEL) wingtip to wingtip, minimizing induced drag, we found that tail spread a nd pitc h produces a jet of a i r t hat fa r e xceed s t he e x pec ted [email protected] [email protected] downwash and elliptical loading at these slow, self-selected glide At mosphe r ic w i nd field s ge ne rate g u st s eve nt s at mag n it udes a nd A predator ’s sw i m m i ng speed represent s a comprom i se bet ween speeds. Viscid drag optimization predicts constant area loading with scales that seriously challenge the flight control abilities of birds maximizing energy gained from prey and minimizing the energy spanwise downwash distribution proportional to chord length. We a nd sma l l flye rs. Un l i ke fi xed-w i ng a i rc ra f t, howeve r, bi rd s have spe nt on it s capt u re. A pelag ic predator a s, for e xa mple, a n ocea n ic fi nd t hat at t he i nte r med iate Rey nold s nu mbe rs of av ia n g l id i ng, flexible, articulated flight surfaces that possess the capability to whitetip shark, that feeds on high-energy-density prey, spends the contribution of viscous drag is of the same magnitude as the mitigate unwanted gusts by aeroelastic means. To gain insight on most of its time in search for it; its feeding events are short and induced (inviscid) drag . The measured downwash distribution, with possible w i ng move me nt s a nd cont rol st rateg ies, we flew a ba r n owl rare. Consequently, its optimal swimming speed is practically a st rong dow nwa rd jet be h i nd t he body/ta i l, i s con si ste nt w it h d rag (Tyto alba) along an indoor corridor over gusts of constant length but t he speed t hat m i n i m i zes t he cost of t ra n spor t . A n ocea n su n fi sh minimization, but reveals a compromise between elliptical loading variable strength. An array of synchronised high-speed cameras, that feeds on low-energy-density prey, stops, on average, every and constant area loading. posit ioned above a nd below t he fl ig ht pat h , capt u red t he k i nemat ic ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 174 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 175

response of the bird. Photogrammetric surface reconstruction was dynamic model of the insect body, in which a flexible joint was used to create a time series of point-clouds that describe the dynamic A11.37 WING KINEMATICS AND introduced between abdomen and thorax. Our results indicate A11.40 ELASTIC WING DEFORMATIONS geomet r y for each case. During all g ust events, the w ings of the AERODYNAMICS OF SIDE-SLIP that the effects of body flexion in terms of abdomen oscillation DURING FREE-FLIGHT MANOEUVRES bird deflect upwards about the shoulder (in accordance with gust on aerodynamic performance is a margin compared with that of strength) while the body maintains a level trajectory, demonstrating MANOEUVRING IN BLUE-TAILED variation in wing kinematics. In contrast, the inertia torque owing to DAMPEN FLAPPING ASYMMETRY BUT impressive rejection of the additional aerodynamic loads. By DAMSELFLIES (ISCHNURA ELEGANS) large abdomen oscillation plays a critical role in primarily altering the INCREASES TORQUES IN ROSE CHAFERS cont ra st, a g l ide r w it h relat ively r ig id w i ngs dev iates sig n i fica nt ly pitch angle of thorax, which can lead to large pitch-up and/or -down (PROTETIA CUPREA) in altitude and pitch. We deduce that an inertial mechanism, followed THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:10 and hence variation in aerodynamic force direction. Moreover, it is by aerodynamic alleviation, is at work. We discuss the interplay found that some small oscillation in abdomen in phase with wing THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:55 between aero- and structural dynamics, and how these combine to ZIV KASSNER (TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL), FLORIAN flapping enables marked suppression of the thorax oscillation. reduce body motion. T he refore, ou r st udy poi nt s to t he i mpor ta nce of t he body fle x ion i n T MUIJRES (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, YONATAN MERESMAN (TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL), hawkmoth hovering that the abdomen motion likely plays a crucial NETHERLANDS), GAL RIBAK (TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL) GAL RIBAK (TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL) role in enhancing the pitch stability and maneuvering actively and/ or passively. [email protected] [email protected] A11.36 A BIO-INSPIRED ROBOTIC FLAPPER REVEALS THAT FLIES Damselflies catch flying insects in air while navigating through Ma noeuv rabi l it y set s uppe r l i m it s on fl ig ht pe r for ma nce. To t u r n dense vegetation. We previously showed that blue-tailed i n a i r a flye r c reates a sy m met r ic flappi ng bet wee n cont ra late ra l USE TORQUE COUPLING IN ESCAPE damselflies, chasing manoeuvring targets, tend to minimize A11.39 ACTIVE BODY CONTROL OF wings. This flapping asymmetry leads to asymmetry in force MANOEUVRES changes in body yaw by flying sideways (hereafter ‘side-slip FRUIT FLY IN EVASIVE MANEUVER: production, generating torques that rotate the animal in air. While manoeuvre’). This behaviour can enhance gaze stabilization and A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL vertebrate wings include muscles, tendons and joints, insect THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 t rac k i ng of objec t s mov i ng aga i n st a stat iona r y pa nora ma. He re, wings are rigid skeletal structures that prevent active control of we examined how damselflies coordinate their four wings to wing shape. However, insect wings elastically deform due to the FLORIAN T MUIJRES (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, achieve controlled sideways flight during the side-slip manoeuvre. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:40 forces a ssoc iated w it h t he flappi ng mot ion . T he l i n k bet wee n i n sec t NETHERLANDS), MATEJ KARÁSEK (DELFT UNIVERSITY OF An artificial target was oscillated horizontally at 1 Hz flappi ng k i ne mat ics, w i ng defor mat ion s, a nd ae r ia l ma noeuv rabi l it y TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS), CHRISTOFFE DE WAGTER (DELFT (amplitude=0.12 m) within a flight arena. Free-flying maleI. elegans XUEFEI CAI (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), are poorly understood. Here, using high-speed videography, we UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS), BART DW we re fi l med c ha si ng t he ta rget u si ng h ig h-speed ca me ra s to e x t rac t HAO LIU (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), measured how contralateral wings deform during free-flight REMES (DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, NETHERLANDS), flappi ng k i ne mat ics. D u r i ng t he side -sl ip ma noeuv re, a s da m sel fl ies TOSHI NAKATA (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) manoeuvre in rose chafers (Protaetia cuprea). We supplemented GUIDO CHE DE CROON (DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, c ha nged fl ig ht d i rec t ion , t he forew i ng t hat i s opposite to t he i n it ia l the indirect observations with quantitative measurements of wing NETHERLANDS) fl ig ht d i rec t ion had t he h ig hest ve nt ra l-st roke -reve rsa l-poi nt a nd [email protected] fle x ibi l it y du r i ng stat ic load i ng. We fou nd t hat du r i ng ae r ia l t u r n s, dev iat ion a ng le relat ive to t he hor i zonta l body pla ne. H ig he r flappi ng wing deformations of the left and right wings were asymmetric. While subtle wing kinematics adjustment has long been considered amplitude was also observed in the same wing, compared with the The highest asymmetry occurred at the stroke reversals due to a [email protected] as the control strategy for insects during sharp turns such as rapid cont ra late ra l forew i ng. Body rol l wa s neg l ig ible a nd d i ffe re nces d i ffe re nce i n t i m i ng of t hese rotat ion s bet wee n t he cont ra late ra l evasive maneuvers, whether the body plays an active role in The banked turn performed by escaping flies is among the most between wings in wing pitch, stroke plane angle and wingbeat w i ngs; but a sy m met r y wa s a l so ev ide nt du r i ng m id-st rokes, whe n maneuvering and how active body control facilitates maneuvering rapid fl ig ht ma noeuv res i n nat u re. F l ies cont rol suc h ma noeuv res frequency were insignificant throughout the manoeuvre. A quasi- i ner t ia l flappi ng forces a re m i n i ma l. Elast ic w i ng defor mat ions are still unknown. To uncover the novel mechanisms associated by modulating aerodynamic roll and pitch torques using small steady biomec ha n ica l model t ra n slat i ng flappi ng k i nemat ics to had a mitigating effect on the asymmetry in the kinematics of with the active body control in evasive maneuver of insects, we adju st me nt s i n t hei r w i ngbeat pat te r n . It i s suggested t hat t hese aerody nam ic forces ex plains t he cont r ibut ion of each w ing and the angle of incidence of contralateral wings. Nevertheless, wing built up an integrated computational model to couple a CFD model torque modulations are controlled using a proportional-integral shows that the forces are sufficient to support body weight in air. flexibility increased wing pitch (in both wings) leading to larger of fruit fly flapping flight and a simplified dynamic model of the body (PI) controller based on haltere feedback, and that yaw is not The ability to control each wing separately allows damselflies quasi-steady torques to rotate the body. The measurement of wing t hat accou nt s for t he flappi ng-w i ng ae rody na m ic torque, ac t ive controlled at all, resulting in large sideslip at the end of the turn. to change sideways flight direction without body yaw rotations. flexural-stiffness revealed that subtle differences in load can lead body twist torque and flapping counter-torque. Our simulation We tested these hypotheses, by replaying banked turns of fruit Avoiding body rotations likely improves objects tracking by to substantial differences in the deflection of the trailing edge. results ind icate t hat t he evasive maneuver in fr uit fly fl ight can fl ies on a newly- developed bio -i n spi red fly i ng robot . T he robot ’s improving gaze stabilization. Gaze stability might be crucial for These, in turn, alter wing pitch that changes the turning dynamics. be c la ssi fied i n t h ree -fold : 1) u si ng ac t ive body cont rol to ac h ieve a banked turns, controlled using a gyro-based PI-like controller, damselflies that catch their prey while manoeuvring in dense Consequently, wing compliance is an important component qu ic k produc t ion of eva sive veloc it y ; 2) adju st i ng w i ng k i nemat ics were strikingly similar to those of fruit flies, suggesting that vegetation, highlighting the advantage of four-wings that can be affecting aerial manoeuvrability. to fi ne-tune the evasive fl ight; 3) utilizing the flapping counter- fruit flies use a comparable PI controller based on haltere input. controlled independently. torque to efficiently reach a new t r im med ( balanced) fl ight. Ou r Yaw dy na m ics wa s a l so si m i la r bet wee n t he f r u it fl ies a nd robot, study points out the key role of the active body control in dominating whereby both rotated into the turn, reducing the sideslip that the initial evasive maneuver, which may bring a new perspective resulted from the turn. Because yaw control was turned off in the on understanding the flight-control strategies in flapping flight of A11.41 HALTERE KINEMATIC AND robot, these yaw movement must have been produced passively. A11.38 BODY FLEXION IN HAWKMOTH insects. The novel flight-control mechanisms based on active body DYNAMICS MEASURED USING TIME- Usi ng a n ae rody na m ic model of flappi ng fl ig ht, we showed t hat t he PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN HOVERING control can be an innovative biomimetic design for insect-inspired sidesl ip -reduc i ng yaw torques a re t he resu lt of a newly-ident i fied RESOLVED MICROTOMOGRAPHY flapping-wing micro air vehicles. aerodynamic torque coupling mechanism. Because many flying FLIGHT STABILITY AND MANEUVERING a n i ma ls tend to produce ba n ked t u r n s u si ng flappi ng w i ngs, t he u se THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:40 of this mechanism might be more common in nature. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:25 SIMON M WALKER (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), RU XU (CHIBA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING. PATRIK CHRISTEN (UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND LIU LAB, JAPAN), TOSHIYUKI NAKATA (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, ARTS NORTHWESTERN SWITZERLAND, SWITZERLAND), GRAHAM K JAPAN), HAO LIU (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) TAYLOR (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] [email protected] Damselflies catch flying insects in air while navigating through Halteres are the dumbbell-shaped, reduced hindwings found in W h i le body fle x ion i n i n sec t fl ig ht s i s con side red to play a role i n fl ight D ipte ra (t r ue fl ies) a nd a re a de fi n i ng feat u re of t he orde r. D u r i ng stabilization and maneuvering, it is still poorly understood how the fl ig ht, t he ha lte res beat i n a nt ipha se w it h t he w i ngs a nd f u nc t ion dy na m ics of fle x ion bet wee n abdome n a nd t hora x i nte r plays w it h as gyroscopic sensors of Coriolis force produced during whole body body osc i l lat ion a nd a ffec t ae rody na m ic force & torque produc t ion a s manoeuvres. This rapid sensory mechanism is one of the reasons well as body stabilization. In this study we developed an integrated why flies are amongst the most agile and manoeuvrable of all computational model of hawkmoth hovering by coupling a CFD fly i ng i n sec t s. Howeve r, i n orde r to detec t t he t i ny Cor iol i s forces, model of hawkmoth flapping flight and a 4 degree-of-freedom ha lte res mu st be e xqu i sitely t u ned so t hat t he sig na l i s not ma sked ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 176 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 177

by the much larger inertial forces due their own acceleration. This is overcoming fundamental challenges such as how to coordinate believed to be achieved by beating in a perfect plane, which allows the A11.43 THE NUMERICAL A11.44 CONFORMITY IN SPEED: move me nt s w it h con spec i fics, a n i ma l s ca n not ma i nta i n cohesion , orthogonal component of the Coriolis forces to be detected in isolation INVESTIGATION OF THE AUDITORY A HIDDEN ENERGETIC COST WITHIN and coordination thus forms a prerequisite for the evolution of from the primary forces. However, this has not been confirmed sociality. Although it has been considered that animal groups must experimentally. Here, we use time-resolved microtomography MECHANICS INVOLVED IN THE MOVING ANIMAL GROUPS coordinate the timing, and direction of movements, additionally, to visualise the halteres in tethered blowflies,Calliphora vicina, PROPAGATION OF SOUND ALONG THE coordinating speed is essential to prevent the group from splitting. du r i ng i nduced rol l ma noeuv res. We u sed t he mea su red 3D ha lte re ACOUSTIC TRACHEA OF A BUSH CRICKET THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:25 We i nvest igated speed con sen su s i n hom i ng-pigeon floc k s u si ng kinematics to calculate the corresponding dynamics. Surprisingly, high-resolution GPS. Despite marked differences in solo speeds we found large primary forces acting in the same plane as the Coriolis LUCY H COTGROVE (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL (pred ic ted by bi rd ma ss), comprom i se wa s reac hed i n floc k s at a n THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:10 forces. These were caused by significant out-of-plane motions at the HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF average of observed solo speeds. Speed-averaging – by virtue of haltere base, and may be an artefact of tethering. Furthermore, this GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), JOLLE W JOLLES (MAX PLANCK minimising extreme compromises – can maximise selective EMINE CELIKER (UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN, UNITED KINGDOM), base motion produces a force that matches the Coriolis forces that INSTITUTE OF ORNITHOLOGY, GERMANY), GRANT HOPCRAFT bene fit s ac ross t he g roup, suggest i ng sha red con sen su s for g roup DANIEL A VEITCH (UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN, UNITED would be produced by a constant pitching motion. Flies will therefore (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH AND speed could be ubiquitous across taxa. Nonetheless, despite group- KINGDOM), SARAH ALDRIDGE (UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN, be sen si ng a fic t it iou s force du r i ng tet he red fl ig ht t hat cou ld resu lt COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED w ide adva ntages, conte mpora r y fl ig ht model s suggested u nequa l UNITED KINGDOM), CHRISTIAN PULVER (UNIVERSITY OF in changes to their behaviour and requires careful consideration KINGDOM), COLIN TORNEY (SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND energetic costs in favour of individuals with intermediate body- LINCOLN, UNITED KINGDOM), FERNANDO MONTEALEGRE-Z whe n desig n i ng suc h e x pe r i me nt s. STATISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), mass/preferred-speed (hence the “Goldilocks principle”). (UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN, UNITED KINGDOM) DIRK HUSMEIER (SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), SHAUN [email protected] KILLEN (INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH A11.42 SURFACE STRUCTURES The outer ear of the bush-cricket Copiphora gorgonensis comprises of AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, A11.46 BIOMECHANICS OF PROVIDE STEALTH ACOUSTIC a n a i r-fi l led t ube, t he acou st ic t rac hea (AT ), wh ic h t ra n sfe rs sou nd UNITED KINGDOM) MECHANOSENSORY TRIGGER HAIRS from the prothoracic acoustic spiracle to the internal side of the ear CAMOUFLAGE TO MOTHS drums. A key feature of the AT is its capacity to reduce the velocity [email protected] IN VENUS FLYTRAPS of sound propagation and alter the acoustic driving forces of the Group living is ubiquitous among taxa and comes with costs THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:55 tympanum (the ear drum), aiding the directional hearing of the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION and benefits associated with predator avoidance, foraging and a n i ma l. It ha s bee n de mon st rated e x pe r i me nta l ly t hat t he t rac hea l reproduction. There is increasing evidence that individual THOMAS R NEIL (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), sou nd t ra n sm i ssion ge ne rates a ga i n of approx i mately 15 d B SPL a nd WALTER FEDERLE (DEPT ZOOLOGY, UNIV CAMBRIDGE, UNITED variation in physiology may drive collective behaviours, however ZHIYUAN SHEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), a propagation velocity of 255 m/s , a n approx i mately 25% reduc t ion KINGDOM), SÖNKE SCHERZER (MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY the potential costs of such heterogeneity within groups have rarely DANIEL ROBERT (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM), f rom f ree -field propagat ion . Howeve r t he mec ha n i sm respon sible AND BIOPHYSICS, UNIV WÜRZBURG, GERMANY), RAINER been explored. A nimals that move together may have different BRUCE W DRINKWATER (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED for this change in sound pressure level and velocity remains elusive. HEDRICH (MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS, preferred movement speeds but must converge on some common KINGDOM), MARC W HOLDERIED (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, In this study, we investigate the mechanical processes behind the UNIV WÜRZBURG, GERMANY) speed in order to maintain their group status. Individual group UNITED KINGDOM) sound pressure gain in the AT by numerically modelling the tracheal members may thereby be deviating from their own optimal speed acoustic behaviour with the use of the finite element method. Taking [email protected] in terms of cost of transport. Using a Blazka-type swim tunnel [email protected] into account the thermoviscous acoustic-shell interaction on the respirometer, the oxygen consumption of individual zebrafish I nsects wa l k i ng a long t he leaves of Venus fly t raps accidenta l ly propagat ion of sou nd , we a na lyse t he e ffec t s of t he v i scosit y of t he Intense predation pressure from echolocating bats has led to (Danio rerio) wa s mea su red at d i ffe re nt sw i m speed s to repeated ly deflect sensory trigger hairs which can elicit action potentials fluid, adiabatic processes and the elasticity of the tracheal wall the evolution of a host of anti-bat defences in nocturnal moths. determine their optimal swim speed (Uopt). Individuals were then (APs), resulting in rapid trap closure and insect capture. Trigger on the change in sound pressure level in the AT. Furthermore, we Some have evolved ears to detect the ultrasonic biosonar of bats, fi l med i n a n ope n field a re na to dete r m i ne whet he r t hei r volu nta ry hairs are designed as mechanical levers that concentrate stresses at demonstrate the importance of the mechanical impedance of the yet there are many moths that are completely deaf. To enhance speed, when unconstrained by a current, matched their predicted their narrow base (podium) to enhance sensitivity. To quantify the tympanic membranes on the pressure gain through numerical their survival chances, deaf moths must instead rely on passive optimal swim speed. Fish were then tested in pairs and in groups hairs’ mechanical and electrical response, we performed controlled simulations. The possible mechanisms at work in the AT responsible defences. Here, we explore the surface structures of moths and of four to determine how their swim speed changed depending on de flec t ion s u si ng a motor i zed stage a nd se n sit ive force t ra n sduce r, for the decrease in propagation velocity and pressure gain are further show that morphological specializations of the scales give moth t hei r con spec i fics, a nd whet he r fi sh of a ce r ta i n opt i ma l sw i m speed and recorded APs by measuring the leaf surface potential. While the elaborated through varying the numerical values of the material bodies and wings acoustic stealth by reducing their echoes from (low, medium or high) would show the greatest compromise (and t r igge r ha i rs’ force i nc rea sed approx i mately l i nea rly w it h a ng u la r properties in the simulations. bat calls. Using acoustic tomography, echo strength was quantified thus greatest energetic costs per unit distance travelled) to remain de flec t ion , t hey a l so showed a v i scoela st ic respon se. W he n ha i rs in the spatial and frequency domain in moths that are subject part of the group. We also observed how leadership within groups we re held at con sta nt de flec t ion , forces decayed e x ponent ia l ly w it h to bat predation and butterflies that are not. Thoracic fur and was related to optimum swim speed, providing new insights into a mea n rela xat ion t i me of 0.4 s. A si mple bea m model, con si st i ng wing borne scales provide acoustic camouflage to moths but not the energetic costs of social behaviour and how individuality plays of a cylindrical hair base and a conical tip, was used to estimate but te r fl ies. T he sou nd absorbe rs a re broadba nd a nd om n id i rec t iona l, a role in and alters collective movement. tissue material properties. From the increase of hair rotation and providing substantial acoustic stealth at all ecologically relevant tip bending with applied force, we determined the elastic moduli ultrasonic frequencies. The surface structures that adorn moths of ha i r t ip a nd ba se a s 4 20 M Pa a nd 7. 5 M Pa, respec t ively. T hu s, t he can reduce their detection distance to bats by up to 25%, with the ha i r ’s h ig h se n sit iv it y i s not on ly ac h ieved by it s geomet r y but a l so different body surface adaptations employing a variety of sound A11.45 SPEED CONSENSUS AND it s sof te r pod iu m , resu lt i ng i n h ig he r st ra i n s. De flec t ion s of 2 . 9 °, absorbing strategies. THE “GOLDILOCKS PRINCIPLE” IN a nd bend i ng forces of 29 µ N cou ld st i l l t r igge r A Ps; t hese m i n i ma l de flec t ion s produce t i ssue st ra i n s of 3. 5% i n t he pod iu m . Tr igge r FLOCKING BIRDS (COLUMBA LIVIA) hairs became desensitized for high stimulus frequencies, and responded with increasing delays to consecutive stimulations. We THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:40 recorded contac t s bet ween f reely mov i ng a nt s a nd D ionaea t r igge r hairs. Even for small ants, the measured angular deflections and DANIEL W SANKEY (ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF velocities exceeded sensitivity thresholds, demonstrating the LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM), EMILY L. C SHEPARD (SWANSEA plant’s high prey-detection efficiency. UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), DORA BIRO (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM), STEVEN J PORTUGAL (ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM)

[email protected] The evolution of group-living transformed the history of animal life on ea r t h , y ield i ng u nprecede nted selec t ive be ne fit s. Yet, w it hout ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 178 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 179

for locomotion biomechanics. Adult female stick insects were placed A11.47 EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF on t hei r dorsal side on a smoot h glass plate. Eight cha racter ist ic A11.50 BODY FLEXION IN HAWKMOTH FREE SURFACE ENERGY VARIATIONS ON markers were defined along the long axis and tracked from the PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN HOVERING lateral and dorsal view. Tracking data was used to calculate (1) TREE FROG ATTACHMENT the angle α between the mesothorax and the ground (2) the angle FLIGHT STABILITY AND MANEUVERING of rotation γ a rou nd t he rol l a x i s a nd (3) t he ove ra l l c u r vat u re κ of WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION t he a n i ma l’s body. Ba sed on ou r data we ide nt i fied a c ha rac te r i st ic WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION righting behavior of the insects which could be divided into four LISA NIEUWBOER (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, main phases: initial phase (dorsal flexion begins), lateral phase RU XU (CHIBA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, NETHERLANDS), JULIAN KA LANGOWSKI (WAGENINGEN (maximum curvature, falling on the ipsilateral side), straightening LIU LAB, JAPAN), TOSHIYUKI NAKATA (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS) phase (contralateral legs swinging around, straightening of the JAPAN), HAO LIU (CHIBA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) ipsilateral legs) and final phase (declining curvature, lifting of the [email protected] body). E x pe r i ment s w it h removed ad hesive orga n s show t hat g rou nd [email protected] contact is essential during the straightening phase. Based on our Tree f rogs a re able to at tac h to d i ffe re nt subst rates i n t hei r nat u ra l W h i le body fle x ion i n i n sec t fl ig ht s i s con side red to play a role i n fl ight results we propose a simplified, bio-inspired rotation mechanism habitat using adhesive digital pads. A mucus meniscus is present stabilization and maneuvering, it is still poorly understood how the for robotics, involving only four legs and four segments. at the pad-substrate interface, which has been proposed to dy na m ics of fle x ion bet wee n abdome n a nd t hora x i nte r plays w it h enable wet adhesion (i.e. capillary forces). However, the extent to body osc i l lat ion a nd a ffec t ae rody na m ic force & torque produc t ion a s which capillary adhesion contributes to tree frog attachment is well as body stabilization. In this study we developed an integrated not resolved. To explore the role of capillary adhesion in tree frog computational model of hawkmoth hovering by coupling a CFD attachment, we quantified the adhesion of the digital pads as a A11.49 MICROPHYSICS OF model of hawkmoth flapping flight and a 4 degree-of-freedom f u nc t ion of t he subst rate’s f ree su r face e ne rg y (γ) on seven substrates THE ANTENNAL OLFACTION OF dynamic model of the insect body, in which a flexible joint was with differing γ (Teflon, PMMA, glass, coated glass, stainless SAMIA CYNTHIA (LEPIDOPTERA, introduced between abdomen and thorax. Our results indicate steel, Musa leaves and Alocasia leaves with a range of γ = 14.8-63 SATURNIIDAE) that the effects of body flexion in terms of abdomen oscillation N/m ) using a rotation table setup. The newly build set-up is nearly on aerodynamic performance is a margin compared with that of vibrationless, has easily exchangeable substrates, and allows for variation in wing kinematics. In contrast, the inertia torque owing to the dynamic measurement of the pad contact area by frustrated WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION large abdomen oscillation plays a critical role in primarily altering the tota l i nter na l reflect ion as well as for dy na m ic record i ngs of t he pitch angle of thorax, which can lead to large pitch-up and/or -down body kinematics. As a high γ reduces the contact angle of the mucus MOURAD JAFFAR-BANDJEE (THE UNIVERSITY OF TOURS, and hence variation in aerodynamic force direction. Moreover, it is meniscus and accordingly enhances capillary adhesion, one would FRANCE) found that some small oscillation in abdomen in phase with wing e x pec t t hat t ree f rogs gene rate st ronge r ad hesion forces on h ig h- flapping enables marked suppression of the thorax oscillation. γ-substrates than on substrates with low γ if capillary forces were [email protected] T he refore, ou r st udy poi nt s to t he i mpor ta nce of t he body fle x ion i n dom i na nt . I f we do not obse r ve t he e x pec ted t re nd i n t h i s ongoi ng hawkmoth hovering that the abdomen motion likely plays a crucial Olfaction is an important sense for insects and antennas are usually study other mechanisms might be dominant in tree frog attachment. role in enhancing the pitch stability and maneuvering actively and/ the main organs dedicated to smelling. Silk moths exhibit complex We expect that the results of this study shed new light on the or passively. pec t i nate a nten na s wh ic h a re ve r y sen sit ive to se x ua l phe romones. contribution of capillary forces to tree frog attachment, and help to In this work, we investigated how these pectinate antennae of Samia better understand the fundamentals of the remarkable attachment cynthia (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) capture pheromone molecules in abilities of tree frogs. air from a mechanistic point of view. However, due to the multiscale nature of the pectinate antenna, we focused on one substructure composed of one rami and the sensilla it supports. We combined an experimental measurement of the leakiness, the proportion of air A11.48 RIGHTING MECHANISM OF flowing between the substructures of the antenna instead of flowing THE INDIAN STICK INSECT around, with a modeling approach used to determine the mass transfer between the air and the surface of the antenna. We then THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION ca lc u lated t he capt u re e ffic ie nc y of t he a nte n na . I n t he e x pe r imental approach, we used a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system on an PHILIPP H. SUHRCKE (DEPT. OF BIOMIMETICS, HOCHSCHULE a r t i fic ia l a nte n na bu i lt w it h add it ive ma nu fac t u r i ng processes, a l so BREMEN – CITY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, GERMANY), ca l led 3D -pr i nte rs. T he model l i ng pa r t wa s adapted f rom a model DAVID LABONTE (DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING, IMPERIAL developed for heat transfer in the case of a similar geometry. We COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM), SUSANNA LABISCH fou nd t hat t he capt u re e ffic ie nc y of t he a nte n na i s eit he r l i m ited (BIOMIMETICS-INNOVATION-CENTRE, HOCHSCHULE BREMEN by a low lea k i ness at low veloc it ies or a low e ffic ie nc y of t he a r ray of – CITY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, GERMANY), sensilla at high velocities. We found that the antenna has a constant JAN-HENNING DIRKS (BIOMIMETICS-INNOVATION-CENTRE, capt u re e ffic ienc y ove r a la rge ra nge of flow speed s. O u r models a lso HOCHSCHULE BREMEN – CITY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED g ives a mec ha n i st ic e x pla nat ion of t he phe nome non of ol fac t ive le n s SCIENCES, GERMANY) described on pectinate antenna.

[email protected]

Although insects possess very reliable adhesive organs, any climbing animal can fall down. Previous studies have shown that air-righting mechanisms allow insects to control their fall to some e x tent. Howeve r, t he re i s st i l l a c ha nce for a n u n for t u nate la nd i ng on t he back. Hav i ng a fast a nd efficient r ight i ng st rateg y is t hus important for the survival of any climbing insect. Do climbing insects show characteristic righting mechanisms when lying on their back? In this study we investigated the righting mechanisms of Indian stick insects (Carausius morosus), typical model organisms ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 180 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 181

A12 OPEN ANIMAL BIOLOGY A12.3 A TROPICAL MESOPREDATORY A12.4 EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTICS SHARK IS RESILIENT TO SIMULATED ON GILTHEAD SEABREAM JUVENILES WARMING AND END-OF-CENTURY (SPARUS AURATA) USING A MULTI- ACIDIFICATION LEVELS DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

ORGANISED BY: JACK THOMSON (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:45

IAN A BOUYOUCOS (AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL CENTRE MARC BESSON (ENVIRONMENT LABORATORIES IAEA, MONACO), OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES, AUSTRALIA), HUGO JACOB (ENVIRONMENT LABORATORIES IAEA, MONACO), A12.1 THE MECHANISTIC BASIS A12.2 SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF SUE-ANN WATSON (AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL CENTRE FRANÇOIS OBERHAENSLI (ENVIRONMENT LABORATORIES IAEA, OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES, AUSTRALIA), MONACO), ANGUS TAYLOR (ENVIRONMENT LABORATORIES IAEA, FOR EXTREME ACID-TOLERANCE IN OCEAN ACIDIFICATION AND WARMING SERGE PLANES (CENTRE DE RECHERCHES INSULAIRES ET MONACO), BENJAMIN GILLET (IGFL ENS LYON, FRANCE), LARVAE OF THE FROG, LIMNODYNASTES ON THE THERMAL TOLERANCE AND OBSERVATOIRE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT, FRANCE), COLIN SANDRINE HUGHES (IGFL ENS LYON, FRANCE), STEVEN D MELVIN TERRAEREGINAE LOCOMOTION OF A SEA URCHIN A SIMPFENDORFER (CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE TROPICAL (AUSTRALIAN RIVERS INSTITUTE GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, AUSTRALIA), GAIL D GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA), DAVID LECCHINI (CRIOBE USR THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:00 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:15 SCHWIETERMAN (VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE, 3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD - PSL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY, FRENCH UNITED STATES), NICHOLAS M WHITNEY (ANDERSON CABOT POLYNESIA), PETER SWARZENSKI (ENVIRONMENT LABORATORIES CENTER FOR OCEAN LIFE, UNITED STATES), JODIE L RUMMER IAEA, MONACO), MARC METIAN (ENVIRONMENT LABORATORIES REBECCA L CRAMP (UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), STEFANO MARRAS (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), (AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH COUNCIL CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR IAEA, MONACO) EBONY WATSON (UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), ITALY), LEONARDO VENERUS (CONICET, ARGENTINA), FABIO CORAL REEF STUDIES, AUSTRALIA) EDWARD A MEYER (UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), ANTOGNARELLI (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), [email protected] CRAIG E FRANKLIN (UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA) ITALY), ANDREA SATTA (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), [email protected] ITALY), ANUTA CHINDRIS (INTERNATIONAL MARINE CENTRE Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global major concern, particularly [email protected] (IMC), ITALY), PATRICIO MANRÌQUEZ (CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS The combined effects of climate change stressors on the physiology in aquatic ecosystems where the amount of MPs continues to rise AVANZADOS EN ZONAS ÁRIDAS (CEAZA), CHILE), RODRIGO and behaviour of marine ectotherms are equivocal. However, as plastic production increases worldwide. Given their ubiquitous Aquatic pHs below 5.0 are toxic to most freshwater animals. This TORRES (CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN ECOSISTEMAS DE LA u nde rsta nd i ng spec ies’ respon ses ac ross a ra nge of ecolog ica l n ic hes nature and small dimensions, MPs can be ingested by aquatic tox ic it y a r i ses la rgely t h roug h t he pe r t u rbat ion of ion ic homeosta si s PATAGONIA (CIEP), CHILE), PAOLO DOMENICI (NATIONAL is vital to managing and protecting imperilled populations. The organisms, transferred along the trophic chain, and translocated in – low pH disrupts epithelial integrity and compromises ion uptake RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), ITALY) purpose of this study was to determine how a tropical mesopredatory internal tissues, the hazards of which are yet to be fully understood. mac h i ne r y. Despite t hese c ha l le nges, ma ny aquat ic orga n i sm s ca n shark responds to ocean warming and acidification. Specific W h i le t h i s conce r n ha s led to a substa nt ia l a mou nt of e x pe r i me nta l survive and reproduce in naturally occurring, low pH environments. [email protected] objectives were, using a fully-factorial design, to identify the studies in the past few years, further studies are needed to better One of these acid-adapted species is the Scarlet-sided pobblebonk, e ffec t s of wa r m i ng (2 8 a nd 31 °C) a nd ac id i ficat ion (6 0 0 a nd 10 0 dec iphe r t he e ffec t s of M P pol lut ion on aquat ic orga n i sm s. He re, Limnodynastes terraereginae, a frog whose larvae can tolerate waters Rece nt st ud ies have show n t hat ocea n ac id i ficat ion a nd wa r m i ng, μatm pCO ) on environmental stress tolerance (hypoxia), behaviour we developed a multi-diagnostic approach involving impact as low as pH 3.0. The mechanisms that allow L. terraereginae to live d r ive n by a nt h ropoge n ic ca rbon d iox ide (CO ) e m i ssion s, ca n a ffec t 2 2 (activity and lateralisation), physiological status (acid-base status assessments at multiple levels of biological organization (from atoms i n t hese e x t reme env i ron ment s a re poorly u nde rstood . T h i s st udy the behaviour and physiology of aquatic animals. While each isolated and haematology), and aerobic performance (scope and recovery) in to orga n i sm s) to dete r m i ne t he i mpac t s of M Ps on a ma r i ne fi sh . More explored the mechanistic basis for the tolerance of low pH water st ressor ha s been st ud ied e x ten sively, t hei r sy ne rg i st ic e ffec t s a re neonatal blacktip reef sharks (Carcharhinus melanopterus). Although prec i sely, we e x posed Gi lt head seabrea m juve n i les (Sparus aurata) to by L. terraereginae larvae using a combination of whole animal, less k now n . He re we tested t he combi ned e ffec t of med iu m-te r m (30 hae matoc r it wa s elevated i n sha rk s at 31 °C a nd m i n i mu m ox yge n virgin 10-20 µm polyethylene microspheres through food (Artemia pharmacological and molecular tools. We found that larvae reared days) exposure to elevated CO a nd d i ffe rent tempe rat u res on t he 2 uptake rate was elevated under high pCO at 31 °C , we d id not obse r ve salina ex posed at 5 mg / L) for 45 days a nd looked at t hei r (i) l iver, at pH 3.5 maintained similar body Na+ levels as those larvae reared thermal tolerance and locomotion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus 2 changes in any other variable measured relative to ambient (28 °C stomac h a nd i ntest i ne h i stolog y ; (i i) i ntest i na l m ic robiome; (i i i) at pH 6. 5. Ac ute e x posu re of ac id-na ïve la r vae to low pH resu lted i n lividus. I nd iv idua ls e x posed to one of fou r t reat ment s (t wo CO levels, 2 a nd 6 0 0 μatm) conditions. This species has previously demonstrated bra i n , l ive r a nd mu sc le metabol ite profi les ( N M R); (iv) a ssi m i lat ion a small, transient loss of body Na+ associated with an inhibition of 4 0 0 a nd 10 0 0 ppm a nd t wo te mpe rat u res, 14 a nd 2 4°C) we re tested resilience to warming (28 to 33 °C) and elevated pCO (600 and 1000 of 65 Zn and 110 A g; (v) ca rbon a nd n it roge n stable i sotopes profi les Na+ uptake, but no stimulation of Na+ loss. Na+ uptake capacity was for t hei r c r it ica l ma x i ma l (C T ) and minimal (CT ) temperature, 2 max min μatm) in isolation, but th is is the fi rst study to investigate these in muscle; and (vi) acetylcholinesterase and stress, hunger, and restored within 48 h. Using RNA-Seq and pharmacological tools the highest temperature for self-righting behaviour (T ) and their SR combined stressors. Improvements in oxygen transport (i.e., satiety hormones levels. This variety of endpoints allowed us we found that branchial Na+ uptake transporters were upregulated horizontal and vertical locomotion. We found that high temperature hae mog lobi n- ox yge n a ffi n it y) a nd t he e xcel le nt pla sma bu ffe r ing to develop a comprehensive and representative framework of in low-pH acclimated larvae, as were genes associated with the had a positive effect on all the variables measured compared with capac it y t hat i s c ha rac te r i st ic of ela smobra nc h fi shes may have t he i mpac t s of M Ps i n a fi sh spec ies, revea l i ng subt le to profou nd control of Na+ loss through the paracellular pathway of the branchial the combined exposure to elevated CO and high temperature or the 2 allowed these sharks to maintain physiological function despite biological changes. epithelia. Our data indicate that tolerance of low pH environments i ndepe nde nt e ffec t of elevated CO . E x posu re to h ig h te mpe rat u re 2 the challenges associated with elevated temperatures and pCO . by L. terraereginae larvae is achieved through physiological and led to an increase in CT , T and the locomotor performance during 2 max SR Our data suggest the current phenotype of the target population morphological adaptations that protect both sodium uptake horizontal and vertical displacement. By contrast, we observed little – at least in this early life stage – is capable of enduring end-of- mechanisms and control Na+ losses through the maintenance of influence of elevated CO , suggesting that thermal tolerance and 2 century temperature and pCO conditions, possibly preserving this epithelial integrity. locomotion were robust to this environmental stressor. Knowledge 2 mesopredator’s ecological function. of how t hese t ra it s may c ha nge a s a resu lt of conc u r rent e x posu re to

elevated CO2 and high temperatures represents an important step to predict the responses of this species to climate change. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 182 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 183

two orthologs perform these functions. We tested if this hydrolytic A12.5 GLASS EEL (ANGUILLA A12.6 THE ‘DECLINE EFFECT’ system is conserved within all vertebrates by searching databases A12.9 IT’S A SHARK-EAT-SHARK ANGUILLA) RIVERWARD MIGRATION CHARACTERIZES A DECADE OF for SI and MGAM sequences. Surprisingly, we found that only SI WORLD: NITROGEN MOVEMENT ALONG wa s com mon to a l l c lades a nd ju st some (a l l ma m ma ls, some fi shes COULD BE CHALLENGED BY PROJECTED OCEAN ACIDIFICATION RESEARCH and birds) exhibited both sequences. Phylogenetic inference THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FISH BEHAVIOUR revealed the ancestral condition of SI and that MGAM appeared in SPINY DOGFISH (SQUALUS ACANTHIAS d i ffe re nt evolut iona r y eve nt s a long c lades. We tested t h i s fi nd i ng SUCKLEYI) FOLLOWING THE INGESTION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:15 using zymography coupled to proteomics assaying brush-border OF A UREA-RICH MEAL me mbra ne of rat s, m ice, c h ic ke n s, zebra fi nc hes a nd hou se spa r rows. FRANCISCO OMC BORGES (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL JEFF C CLEMENTS (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE I n t he fi rst t h ree spec ies ou r ge nom ic st udy produced seque nces of SI THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:30 SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), JOSEFIN SUNDIN (NORWEGIAN and a maltase-glucoamylase, while in the passerine species, only SI PORTUGAL), CATARINA P SANTOS (MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), TIMOTHY was found. Maltose, sucrose and isomaltose were used as substrates J LISA HOOGENBOOM (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO MARÍTIMO DA D CLARK (DEAKIN UNIVERISTY, AUSTRALIA), FREDRIK JUTFELT for the zymography. Glucose assay on the zymography gels produced W GARY ANDERSON (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA) GUIA, PORTUGAL), EDUARDO S SAMPAIO (MARINE AND (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, bands in all species’ lanes revealing alpha-glucosidase enzyme ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO NORWAY) activity. These bands were cut and assayed for proteins. Proteomics [email protected] MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), CÁTIA FIGUEIREDO (MARINE con fi r med ou r genom ics fi nd i ngs: SI a nd a ma lta se -g lucoa myla se were responsible for the hydrolysis in mammals and chickens AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO [email protected] Marine elasmobranchs retain high plasma urea levels (>350 mM) and only one enzyme, SI, accounted for all alpha-glucosidase MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), JOSÉ R PAULA (MARINE AND as part of their osmoregulatory strategy. Research on the synthesis Innovative scientific discoveries are followed by attempts to activity in passerines. Findings suggest greater diversity and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO and retention of urea has previously focused on post-prandial replicate and build upon the ground-breaking work. In many different evolutionary history of the brush-border membrane MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), CARLOS ANTUNES metabolic processes that follow the consumption of marine teleosts instances, however, follow-up studies fail to replicate initial effects alpha-glucosidases than previously presumed, with widespread (CIIMARCIMAR - INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTRE OF MARINE AND (containing negligible urea concentrations). However, some marine and, consequently, are unable to build upon those pioneering results. implications for our understanding of the digestive physiology of ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, PORTUGAL), RUI ROSA (MARINE elasmobranchs prey upon other elasmobranch species necessitating T h i s tendenc y for i n it ia l sc ie nt i fic fi nd i ngs—wh ic h t y pica l ly show the majority of vertebrates. Supported by NSF-IOS1354893. AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO t he i nteg rat ion or el i m i nat ion of e xcess pra nd ia l-u rea. To dete r m i ne out sta nd i ng e ffec t s—to lose st re ng t h ove r t i me i s refe r red to a s t he MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL), TIAGO F GRILO (MARINE AND t he movement of e xcess n it rogen (a s a m mon ia or u rea) ac ross t he ‘dec l i ne e ffec t ’. Usi ng a meta-a na lysi s, we prov ide a st r i k i ng a nd ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE (MARE), LABORATÓRIO gastrointestinal tract, North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias textbook example of the decline effect over a decade of research on MARÍTIMO DA GUIA, PORTUGAL) suckleyi) were force-fed ground Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) ocean acidification and fish behaviour. While early studies reported A12.8 PEPTIDE TRANSPORTERS IN THE with 800 mM urea added; control animals were fasted for 7 days out sta nd i ng ly st rong e ffec t s, t he e ffec t si ze mag n it ude ha s dec l i ned [email protected] PRIMARY GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or force-fed herring only. Caudal sinus plasma and mesenteric d ra mat ica l ly ove r t i me. For t he pa st 4 yea rs, t he mea n e ffec t si ze ha s arterial plasma were taken pre- and 20 h post-feeding; ammonia Little is known about the potential vulnerability of European not been significantly different from zero. This trend of declining OF THE PRE-FEEDING MOZAMBIQUE was highest in mesenteric arterial plasma 20 h post-ingestion of eel’s ( Anguilla anguilla) ea rly stages conce r n i ng projec ted f ut u re effect size cannot be explained by an increasing number of studies TILAPIA LARVA herring plus urea (F =16.17, p<0.0001) but urea concentrations environmental change. This knowledge gap, associated with the on d i ffe re nt spec ies ove r t i me, but cor relates st rong ly w it h jou r na l (4,62) d id not d i ffe r bet wee n cont rol s a nd t reat me nt . At 20 h post-feed i ng d ra mat ic dec l i ne i n t h i s c r it ica l ly enda nge red spec ies’ popu lat ion s i mpac t fac tor ( h ig h i mpac t jou r na l s selec t ively publ i sh i ng st rong THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:15 urea concentrations in the stomach and intestinal fluids were ove r recent decades ha s ra i sed i nte rest a nd conce r n i n t he sc ient i fic e ffec t s) a nd st udy-spec i fic sa mple si zes ( la rge r e ffec t s i n st ud ies significantly lower than 800 mM (F =23.36, p<0.001) while community. The present study investigated, for the first time, the with lower sample size). We encourage further exploration of the (2,24) PAZIT CON (HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM, ISRAEL), ammonia concentrations were significantly higher compared to potent ia l e ffec t s of combi ned ocea n wa r m i ng (∆ + 4 °C) a nd ocea n decl i ne effect i n t he contex t of ot her biolog ica l phenomena, a nd TALI NITZAN (ARO, ISRAEL), TATIANA SLOSMAN (ARO, the food (F =7. 93, p = 0.0 02). I n v it ro g ut sac prepa rat ion s of t he ac id i ficat ion (∆ - 0.4 pH ) ove r t he su r v iva l a nd m ig rator y behav iou r of in a wider array of scientific disciplines, with an aim to rectify the (2,24) ISRAEL), SHEENAN HARPAZ (ARO, ISRAEL), AVNER CNAANI stomachs and intestine were incubated for 3 h in ammonia-free A. anguilla g la ss eel s, spec i fica l ly rega rd i ng t hei r prefe re nce towa rd s underlying drivers. (ARO, ISRAEL) E la smobra nc h R i nge r ’s; a m mon ia conce nt rat ion s i n t he i ntest i na l riverine cues (i.e. geosmin and freshwater). Over 100 days, glass lumen were significantly higher than the surrounding bath eels we re e x posed to t he e x pe r i menta l t reat ment s, adju st i ng for t he [email protected] (p=0.0015) and the stomach lumen and bath (p<0.0006), while urea salinity gradients associated with upstream migration. Mortality concent rat ion s d id not d i ffe r. T hese data i nd icate e xcess pra nd ia l- was monitored daily, and migratory activity and potential shifts Fi sh la r vae d i ffe r g reat ly f rom t he adu lt for m i n t hei r mor pholog y A12.7 NEW INSIGHTS FROM GENOMICS urea may be converted to ammonia within the gastrointestinal tract, in preference were assessed using a two-choice test. In summary, and organs functionality. The functionality of the gastrointestinal AND PROTEOMICS IN VERTEBRATE likely by intestinal urease activity. warming was responsible for decreasing survival and increasing t rac t depe nd s on t he e x pression of va r iou s pu mps, t ra n spor te rs, migratory activity, while ocean acidification induced a hindered INTESTINAL CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION and channels, responsible for feed digestion and nutrients migratory response by reducing preference for riverine cues. absorption. During the larval period, the gastrointestinal tract These results suggest that future ocean conditions could reduce THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 develops from a simple closed tube, into its complex form with the proportion of fully-migratory individuals, and potentially differentiated segments, crypts and villi, as found in the adult. A12.10 RECYCLING URINE WHEN favour an early settlement of glass eels. It is paramount that further ENRIQUE CAVIEDES-VIDAL (CONSEJO NACIONAL DE In this study, we characterized the expression of three peptide YOU’RE IN TROUBLE: ACID-BASE research into the effects of climate change on eel m ig ration and INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS Y TÉCNICAS, UNIVERSIDAD transporters (PepT1a, PepT1b, PepT2) in the gastrointestinal tract BALANCE UPON EMERSION IN THE SEMI- habitat selection is conducted, if efficient conservation plans are NACIOANLA DE SAN LUIS, ARGENTINA), BRUN ANTONIO of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae along 12 TERRESTRIAL THICK MANGROVE CRAB, to be implemented. (CONSEJO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS Y days of development, pre-hatching to the completion of yolk sac TÉCNICAS, ARGENTINA), DANIEL MÉNDEZ-ARANDA (MAX PLANCK absorption. Gene expression analysis revealed differential and HELICE FORMOSENSIS (GRAPSIDAE) INSTITUTE FOR ORNITHOLOGY, GERMANY), MELISA MAGALLANES complimentary time-dependent expression of the PepT1 variants ALBA (CONSEJO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS a nd PepT2 a long t he la r va l pe r iod . I m mu nofluorescence a na lysi s THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:45 Y TÉCNICAS, ARGENTINA), WILLIAM H KARASOV (UNIVERSITY showed differential protein localization of the three PepTs along the OF WISCONSIN - MADISON, UNITED STATES), CARLOS MARTÍNEZ gastrointestinal tract, in a similar pattern to the adult. The results GARETT JP ALLEN (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), DEL RIO (UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING, UNITED STATES), MAUDE of this study demonstrate specialization of intestinal sections and YUNG-CHE TSENG (MARINE RESEARCH STATION INSTITUTE BALDWIN (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR ORNITHOLOGY, absorbance activity of the enterocytes prior to the onset of active OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY ACADEMIA SINICA, GERMANY) e xogenou s feed i ng, t hu s poi nt i ng on t he u nc ha rac te r i zed f u nc t ion TAIWAN), DIRK WEIHRAUCH (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA, and role of the gastrointestinal tract and its transporters during the CANADA) [email protected] larval period. [email protected] Present knowledge presumes that in vertebrates, the enzymes sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) Grapsid crabs are keystone species within mangroves as their are responsible for the digestion oligo- and disaccharides (e.g., h ig h abu nda nce, ac t iv it y, a nd topog raph ica l i n flue nce a re major maltose, sucrose, etc.) at the small intestine apical membrane. contributors to the environment’s nutrient cycle. Helice formosensis, Such knowledge has its origin in mammalian studies where those the thick crab, is an amphibious burrowing species whom regularly ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 184 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 185

undergoes emersion whilst digging near the high-tide limits as well DT Fs, i f a ny t h i ng, reduced g row t h a nd we re ge ne ra l ly st ressf u l a s as when feeding upon other crustaceans. Due to its lifestyle, the crab A12.12 METABOLIC RATE, CELL SIZE i nd icated by reduc t ion s i n body cond it ion , a nt iox ida nt defe n se a nd A12.15 FISHRESP PROJECT: regularly faces stressors such as dessication as well as impairment AND TEMPERATURE: A COMPARISON metabolic rate, and increases in oxidative damage. Notably, while 4°C MOVING FROM FREE SOFTWARE TO of CO2 a nd n it roge nou s wa ste e xc ret ion . Adu lt H. formosensis were warming was beneficial in terms of growth rate at both latitudes at wipe-dried and isolated in emersion jars and assessed for their ability BETWEEN DIPLOID AND TRIPLOID a con sta nt tempe rat u re reg i me, t h i s c ha nged i n a negat ive e ffec t at OPEN-SOURCE RESPIROMETRY SYSTEMS to manage acid-base status and hemolymph osmolality during ZEBRAFISH h ig h DT F. T h i s suppor t s t he e me rg i ng i n sig ht t hat wa r m i ng wou ld eme rsion . C rabs e x h ibited a n e x pec ted respi rator y ac idosi s a f te r increase growth in high-latitude larvae in absence of DTF, yet would THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:10 6 h of emersion as their hemolymph pH equilibrated to the ambient THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:25 dec rea se g row t h i n t he more rea l i st ic sce na r ios w it h DT F. I n cont ra st, SERGEY MOROZOV (UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), RJ partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2 ). W it h i n 2 4 h , he moly mph wa s f u l ly a space-for-time substitution approach suggested that under gradual - SCOTT MCCAIRNS (AGROCAMPUS OUEST INRA, FRANCE), JUHA restored to pH 7. 85 due to acc u mu lat ion of bica rbonate ( HCO 3 ) while IRIS LE VAN DE POL (RADBOUD UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), thermal evolution, the evolved high-latitude larvae would no longer MERILÄ (UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND) pCO2 remained unchanged. Video and mass observations indicate ADAM HERMANIUK (UNIVERSITY OF BIALYSTOK, POLAND), su ffe r a g row t h reduc t ion i n t he prese nce of DT F. O u r st udy prov ided that crabs recycle urine, likely mitigating water-loss, even after 24 h WILCO CEP VERBERK (RADBOUD UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) important proof-of-principle that jointly integrating gradual thermal of eme rsion . P rel i m i na r y a na lysi s i nd icates t hat t he c rabs’ u r i ne i s evolut ion a nd t he ex pected i ncrease i n DTF generates opposi ng [email protected] acidified (pH 6.80) and contains ca. 30% greaterp CO than arterial pred ic t ion s of e ffec t s of g loba l wa r m i ng on t h i s ec tot he r m . 2 [email protected] I nte r m it te nt-flow respi romet r y ha s become t he most w idespread pCO , suggesting urinary acid-base regulation and antennary 2 tec h n ique for mea su r i ng ox yge n upta ke i n fi shes a nd ot he r aquat ic CO -volitalization is potentially important in H. formosensis. Being composed of small cells may carry an energetic cost as smaller 2 organisms. Whilst a generally reliable method for inferring Upon immediate return to water, crabs emersed for 6 h consumed cells have higher membrane surface–to–volume ratios and hence metabolic rate, microbial respiration and mechanical problems in sig n i fica nt ly more ox ygen t ha n cont rol a n i ma ls; howeve r, ox ygen higher energetic costs to maintain electrochemical gradients. A12.14 ESTIMATING METABOLIC respirometry systems remain serious challenges to data quality. consumption returned to base-line values once pH was restored. Conversely, a benefit of smaller cells could lie in a greater capacity PERFORMANCE OF BROOK TROUT To prevent methodological fragmentation and the resultant Moreove r, hemoly mph osmola l it y sig n i fica nt ly i nc rea sed w it h i n to t ra n spor t ox ygen to t he m itoc hond r ia, ow i ng to relat ively la rge r impediments for comparison of metabolic rate estimates across 24 h emersion, suggesting crabs are limited by evaporative water- su r faces a nd shor te r d i ff u sion d i sta nces. Ev ide nce suggest s t hat (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) ACROSS studies, a quality control software for processing raw respirometry loss rather than acid-base challenges during prolonged emersion. t hese cost s a nd be ne fit s of cel l si ze a re te mpe rat u re depe nde nt . To TEMPERATURES WITH DAILY DIURNAL data is essential. We have developed open-source software, Nitrogenous waste management and gill acid-base regulatory study the consequences of cell size for whole-organism metabolic TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE Fi sh Resp, to add ress t hese i ssues; t he e ra of ope n-sou rce ha rdwa re capacity will also be discussed. rate across different temperatures we used diploid and triploid platforms for DIY electronics, e.g. Arduino and Raspberry Pi, brings zebrafish differing in cell size. Fish were reared to 5 dpf in a full LAB AND FIELD new opportunities for designing novel open-source respirometry factorial design combining three different rearing and testing system s. T hese cou ld be ea sy to c u stom i ze a nd adju st to spec i fic te mpe rat u res (23. 5, 26. 5, 29. 5°C). I nd iv idua l ox yge n con su mpt ion THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 scientific tasks, such as long-term field experiments with extra rate a nd ox y-reg u lator y capac it y wa s mea su red . We hy pot hesi zed A12.11 EVOLUTION OF METABOLIC sensors, or equally and successfully used in laboratory conditions, t hat t r iploid s shou ld have lowe r rates of ox yge n con su mpt ion a nd TRAVIS C DURHACK (UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA FISHERIES AND RATE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER competing with expensive commercial alternatives. The project a lowe r ox y-reg u lator y capac it y at h ig he r wate r te mpe rat u res i n OCEANS CANADA, CANADA), CAMILLE MACNAUGHTON (FISHERIES ‘ Fi sh Resp’ i s a i m i ng to develop ope n-sou rce tools for i nte r m it te nt- wh ic h ox yge n ava i labi l it y i n relat ion to metabol ic de ma nd i s lowe r. AND OCEANS CANADA, CANADA), NEIL J MOCHNACZ (FISHERIES flow respi romet r y, sig n i fica nt ly lowe r i ng potent ia l cost s a ssoc iated THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 We found subtle differences in the thermal responses of diploid and AND OCEANS CANADA, CANADA), MARK TAYLOR (PARKS CANADA with experiments. I will review FishResp software, discussing triploid zebrafish: triploids had lower metabolic rates at the highest AGENCY, CANADA), EVA C ENDERS (FISHERIES AND OCEANS its potential to be community-driven and integrated into DIY LESLEY A ALTON (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), test temperature, but higher metabolic rates at the lowest test CANADA, CANADA), JASON R TREBERG (UNIVERSITY OF respirometry systems. I will also present a conceptual basis for TERESA KUTZ (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CANDICE te mpe rat u re. T h i s d i ffe re nce wa s more pronou nced i n fi sh rea red MANITOBA, CANADA) building up such systems and make an overview of their possible L BYWATER (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), EMILY at 29. 5°C . Tr iploid fi sh a l so be haved more l i ke ox ycon for me rs t ha n applications. In the realm of highly commercialized instrumental LOMBARDI (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), PIETER diploids, although the difference was very small. Our results largely [email protected] ba si s for sc ient i fic resea rc h , developi ng f ree sof t wa re a nd low- cost A ARNOLD (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), JULIAN E suppor t ou r hy pot heses, suggest i ng t hat cost s a nd be ne fit s at t he Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are native to eastern North DY I ha rdwa re tool s i s h ig h ly be ne fic ia l for ma k i ng respi romet r y- BEAMAN (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), SEAN LAYH level of the cell have consequences for thermal responses in whole- America, but have been introduced widely across several continents. based studies available for a wide community of researchers. (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), HUGH WINWOOD- organism oxygen consumption. SMITH (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CHRISTEN K T hey a re e x pe r ie nc i ng dec l i nes i n por t ion s of t hei r nat ive ra nge MIRTH (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CARLA M SGRÒ due to habitat loss and the spread of introduced/invasive species, (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), CRAIG R WHITE (MONASH but have become established in many of the areas they have been UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) A12.13 TEMPERATURE VARIATION introduced, including Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. The A12.16 NOVEL ROLES OF possibility of increased water temperatures due to climate change DOPAMINERGIC SIGNALING AND TYPE [email protected] MAKES AN ECTOTHERM MORE SENSITIVE cou ld f u r t he r a ffec t t he ra nge of t h i s w idely d i st r ibuted spec ies. TO GLOBAL WARMING UNLESS THERMAL We est i mated metabol ic rates (sta nda rd metabol ic rate, ma x i mu m II GLIAL CELLS IN CAROTID BODY T he world i s c u r re nt ly on t rac k to e x pe r ie nce a rou nd 3°C of wa r m i ng EVOLUTION OCCURS metabolic rate and aerobic scope) of Brook Trout across a range of CHEMORECEPTION without further policy change. For ectotherms, this will result in a tempe rat u res i n a lab e x pe r i ment w it h a d iu r na l tempe rat u re c yc le thermodynamic increase in their mean rates of energy metabolism to repl icate nat u ra l cond it ion s (~5 -23⁰C) a nd i n a field set t i ng (~3 -9 ⁰C; THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:25 by a rou nd 20 - 4 0 % . K rog h’s Ru le, howeve r, pred ic t s t hat ec tot he r m s THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 Spray R ive r, Ba n ff Nat iona l Pa rk) u si ng i nte r m it te nt respi romet r y. will adapt to warming temperatures by slowing their metabolism We hy pot hesi zed t hat Brook Trout ’s pea k ae robic scope wou ld occ u r ERIN M LEONARD (MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), COLIN A JULIE VERHEYEN (KU LEUVEN, BELGIUM), ROBBY STOKS (KU to oppose this acute influence of temperature on metabolic rate. To over their preferred temperature range (~15-18⁰C). Lab experiment NURSE (MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, CANADA) determine the evolutionary response of metabolic rate to changes LEUVEN, BELGIUM) resu lt s i nd icated a non-sig n i fica nt i nc rea se i n ae robic scope nea r in temperature, we are undertaking a long-term experimental their preferred temperature (~12-17⁰C), with an overall flat aerobic [email protected] evolution study in Drosophila melanogaster in which larvae are reared [email protected] scope curve across the range of temperatures tested. This broad at 18, 25 or 2 8 °C on eit he r a cont rol d iet, a low- ca lor ie d iet, or a low- curve suggests that brook trout have a similar aerobic scope across The mammalian carotid body (CB) is a polymodal arterial To assess long-term impacts of global warming on species there protein diet. Within each of these nine selective environments, we a w ide ra nge of wate r te mpe rat u res. A lt houg h field est i mates we re chemoreceptor organ that helps maintain O and CO /H+ is growing interest in latitudinal intraspecific patterns in 2 2 have been quantifying the longitudinal changes in the metabolic not obta i ned nea r t he prefer red temperat u re ra nge, field a nd lab homeostasis via cardio-respiratory reflexes. During hypoxia t he r ma l adaptat ion . Yet, wh i le bot h mea n te mpe rat u res a nd da i ly rate, body si ze a nd ac t iv it y of fl ies eve r y five gene rat ion s a nd a f te r est i mates fol lowed a si m i la rly flat t rend , i nd icat i ng a gene ra l i st or hypercapnia, chemoreceptor type I cells depolarize and te mpe rat u re fluc t uat ion s ( DT Fs) a re e x pec ted to i nc rea se u nde r two generations under common garden conditions (control diet at spec ies. T h i s may help to e x pla i n t hei r abi l it y to t h r ive i n ma ny a rea s release excitatory (e.g. ATP) and inhibitory (e.g. dopamine; DA) global warming, latitudinal differences in the effects of DTFs 25°C). We a re lea r n i ng t hat t he evolut iona r y respon se of metabol ic of i nt roduc t ion a nd re fi ne u nde rsta nd i ng of t he t he r ma l n ic he t hat neu rot ra n sm it te rs t hat reg u late a ffe rent (pet rosa l) ne r ve fi r i ng have not been documented. We compared effects of both mean rate to te mpe rat u re va r ies st r i k i ng ly a mong se xes a nd d iet s suc h t hat this species can occupy. v ia post sy napt ic P2 X a nd bot h pre - a nd post-sy napt ic D2 receptors temperatures (20 and 24°C) and DTFs (constant = 0°C, low = 5°C t he t he r mody na m ic e ffec t of te mpe rat u re m ig ht eit he r be la rgely ( D2 R) respec t ively. Howeve r, AT P relea sed f rom t y pe I cel l s may a nd h ig h = 10 °C) on g row t h rates bet wee n low- a nd h ig h-lat it ude eliminated or substantially reinforced by genetic adaptation. a l so st i mu late P2Y 2 R on neig hbor i ng g l ia l (t y pe I I ) cel l s, lead i ng populations of the damselflyIschnura elegans and evaluated the to the further release of ATP via pannexin-1 channels. Using impact of DTFS when assessing the effect of gradual thermal ratiometric calcium imaging, we tested the hy pothesis that DA evolution at the high latitude with a space-for-time substitution. may modulate purinergic communication between type I and ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 186 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 187

type II cells and ultimately, petrosal excitability. DA applied alone performance, we measured the thermal sensitivity of fitness- 2+ 2+ evoked negligible intracellular Ca ([ΔCa ]i ) responses in type A12.18 THE FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF linked physiological performance (burst swimming, metabolic A12.21 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND II cells when grown together with type I cells in rat CB cultures. T-TYPE CA 2+ CHANNELS IN THE TURTLE rate, aerobic scope, metabolite levels, and enzyme activities) in the BEHAVIOURAL EFFECTS OF ANEMONE 2+ In contrast, DA attenuated P2Y2R-evoked [ΔCa ]i in 75-100% winter-dormant cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), which enters of type II cells, an effect prevented by the D2/3R blocker, sulpiride (TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA) HEART IS dormancy below ~7°C. Performance was measured after acute BLEACHING ON SYMBIONT ANEMONEFISH (0.1-10 µM). Interestingly sulpiride, or reserpine-induced DA AFFECTED BY ANOXIA EXPOSURE exposure to 2-26°C and after acclimation (≥5 weeks) to 2-14°C. As THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:10 depletion, augmented P2Y2R-mediated type I-to-type II crosstalk AND COLD-ACCLIMATION e x pec ted , pe r for ma nce dec l i ned w it h cool i ng below t he Topt in both du r i ng hy percapn ia or h ig h K+ e x posu re. Fi na l ly, i n C B-pet rosa l exposure groups. In acutely exposed fish, the thermal sensitivity neuron co-cultures, sulpiride potentiated [ΔCa2+ ] responses in both of performance was greater below the dormancy threshold DAPHNE CORTESE (CRIOBE, FRENCH POLYNESIA), TOMMY NORIN i THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:55 type II cells and petrosal neurons during hypercapnia. Further, temperature than above, suggesting a major constraint of cold. (DTU, DENMARK), AMÉLIE CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, selec t ive P2Y 2 R-st i mu lat ion of t y pe I I cel l s w it h U T P t r igge red rapid Howeve r, at 2°C , acc l i mated c u n ne r had g reate r pe r for ma nce a nd UNITED KINGDOM), RICARDO BELDADE (CRIOBE, FRENCH JONATHAN AW STECYK (UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE, [ΔCa 2+ ] responses in nearby petrosal neurons. Our results suggest lower thermal sensitivity compared to acutely exposed cunner (Q POLYNESIA), SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED i UNITED STATES), GUS BARBER (UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA 10 t hat t y pe I I cel l s may cont r ibute to t he DA i n h ibitor y pat hways i n of 1.1-2.0 vs. 3.9-4.3 between 8-2°C, respectively). Thus, dormant KINGDOM), SUZANNE MILLS (CRIOBE, FRENCH POLYNESIA) ANCHORAGE, UNITED STATES) the CB and moreover, they may communicate directly with sensory cunner show partial compensation of swimming and aerobic e nd i ngs v ia pu r i ne rg ic mec ha n i sm s. Suppor ted by NSE RC a nd C I H R . performance in winter cold temperatures, similar to cold-active [email protected] [email protected] species. Additionally, compensation of metabolic enzyme activities Increased ocean temperatures are causing mass bleaching of In the mammalian heart, T-type Ca2+ channels contribute to did not underlie the whole-animal performance compensation. We anemones and corals in the tropics worldwide. While such heat- cardiac pacemaking, as well as excitation-contraction coupling in conc lude t hat t he r ma l con st ra i nt s on a nae robic e xe rc i se a nd ae robic induced loss of algal symbionts (zooxanthellae) directly affect ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes. However, the functional role pe r for ma nce a re not major d r ive rs of w i nte r dor ma nc y i n c u n ne r. A12.17 METABOLIC, CARDIAC, anemones and corals physiologically, this damage may also of the T-type Ca2+ channel is dependent on species, heart region, age AND GENE EXPRESSION PERSPECTIVES ca scade to a ffec t ot he r a n i ma l sy mbiont s. We i nvest igated how a nd va r iou s pat holog ica l cond it ion s. We e xa m i ned t he f u nc t iona l bleaching of the magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) ON THE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE sig n i fica nce of t he T-t y pe Ca 2+ channel in the heart of the red-eared may i nd i rect ly a ffect key energet ic t ra its of juven i le ora nge-fi n ACCLIMATION ON THERMAL AND slider turtle (Trachemys scripta) acclimated to 21°C or 5°C and A12.20 HOW TEMPERATURE AFFECTS anemonefish (Amphiprion chrysopterus) over short and long held u nde r eit he r nor mox ic or a nox ic (12 h at 21°C; 12 days at 5°C) HYPOXIA TOLERANCE IN RAINBOW SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IN CORYDORAS timescales. We first measured the effect of residing short-term conditions. The functional contribution of the T-type Ca2+ channel (2 weeks) in bleached vs unbleached sea anemones on anemonefish TROUT to set t i ng ma x i ma l force development (F ) and intrinsic heart rate CATFISH, CORYDORAS AENEUS max metabolic rate. We then investigated the potential metabolic (f ) of spontaneously contracting right atrium preparations, and H acclimation to life in bleached anemones, as well as the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:40 F of electrically-paced ventricular strips, was assessed via dose- THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:55 max growth and behavioural responses, after long-term exposure response of the T-type Ca2+ channel antagonist Ni2+ (0.1 – 10 mM). (2 mont h s) of w i ld juve n i le a ne mone fi sh to bleac hed a ne mones i n NICHOLAS R STROWBRIDGE (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH Like for the mammalian heart, we found that T-type Ca2+ channels ISABEL ARAGAO (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), t he field . Shor t-te r m e x posu re to bleac hed a ne mones i nc rea sed t he COLUMBIA, CANADA), MATTHEW JH GILBERT (UNIVERSITY OF contributed to cardiac pacemaking, as well as force production MAR PINEDA (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), standard (baseline) metabolic rate of anemonefish significantly by BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA), YANGFAN ZHANG (UNIVERSITY in turtle ventricle and right atrium. f and F were reduced in a DAVID MCKENZIE (FRENCH NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SCIENTIFIC H ma x 8.2% compared to fish residing in unbleached anemones. Although OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA), JESSICA L MCKENZIE concentration-dependent manner. The contribution of the T-type RESEARCH | CNRS, FRANCE), SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF the short-term exposure to bleached anemones did not significantly (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA), ANTHONY Ca2+ channel to cardiac pacemaking was unaltered by acclimation GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) affect fish growth, preliminary results show that long-term P FARRELL (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA), te mpe rat u re or a nox ia e x posu re. By compa r i son , t he ha l f ma x i ma l residence in bleached anemones reduces growth rates of juvenile PATRICIA M SCHULTE (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, inhibitory concentration (IC ) of Ni2+ for ventricular and right [email protected] 50 a nemonefi sh. Physiolog ica l a nd behav iou ra l a na lyses f rom ou r CANADA) atrium F wa s si m i la rly i nc rea sed w it h a nox ia e x posu re at 21°C m a x How animals interact within social groups is a vital part of long-te r m field e x pe r i ment a re ongoi ng, a nd w i l l prov ide i n sig ht a nd acc l i mat ion to 5°C f rom 21°C i n nor mox ia, i nd icat i ng a reduced understanding animal social behaviour. Connections among into whether anemonefish are able to metabolically adjust to living [email protected] functional role of the T-type Ca2+ channel under these conditions. individuals within social groups are important for group foraging with a bleached host. Our results provide insight into the effects of The finding highlights an additional mechanism through which cold Integrative studies assessing the acclimation response across behaviour, predator avoidance, information transfer, and mating. warming-induced anemone bleaching on early life history stage of acclimation prepares the turtle heart for prolonged anoxia exposure multiple levels of biological organization will provide a better It is currently unknown, whether variation in environmental anemonefish, including the potential for acclimation, and increase in winter. understanding of how organisms may respond to environmental tempe rat u re a ffec t s t he stabi l it y of soc ia l net work s i n ec tot he r m ic our understanding of how organisms associated with coral reefs are challenges associated with climate change. We assessed the species. We also know little about how individual physiological impacted by rapid global changes. effects of thermal acclimation (12°C, 18°C, 24°C) on critical traits relate to position within animal social networks. We measured thermal maximum (CTmax ), incipient lethal oxygen saturation standard metabolic rate and social networks in groups of the social ( I LOS), metabol i sm , t he respon se of ma x i mu m hea r t rate to ac ute A12.19 DO THERMAL CONSTRAINTS bronze corydoras catfish Corydoras( aeneus)after acclimation warming, and cardiac gene-expression in two strains of rainbow ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE to 25°C and 30°C. In total, six groups of seven individuals were A12.22 INTRA-SEXUAL COMPETITION trout. Acclimation to elevated temperatures improved CT observed repeatedly to quantify the strength and the number of max DRIVE WINTER DORMANCY IN FISH? OVERRIDES MATE CHOICE DECISIONS and partially offset reductions in hy poxia tolerance at elevated connections among individuals within each group. Our findings temperatures. Warm acclimation also resulted in a reduction in w i l l show how g roup con nec t iv it y i s a ffec ted by te mpe rat u re c ha nge IN A SEX ROLE REVERSED PIPEFISH THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:40 maximum heart rate at intermediate temperatures and a progressive a nd prov ide i n sig ht i nto how i nd iv idua l physiolog ica l t ra it s a ffec t i nc rea se (~5°C tota l) i n t he te mpe rat u re at wh ic h pea k hea r t rate social dynamics. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:25 LAUREN E ROWSEY (UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT and heat-induced cardiac arrhythmia occurred. Aerobic capacity JOHN, CANADA), CONNOR REEVE (UNIVERSITY OF NEW wa s h ig hest i n a n i ma ls acc l i mated to 18°C , a nd dec rea sed at bot h JOSEFIN SUNDIN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND BRUNSWICK SAINT JOHN, CANADA), BEN SPEERS-ROESCH lower and higher acclimation temperatures. Reduction in aerobic TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), GUNILLA ROSENQVIST (UPPSALA (UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK SAINT JOHN, CANADA) capacity led to a reduced ability to acquire oxygen in hypoxia, a UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ANDERS BERGLUND (UPPSALA larger accumulated oxygen deficit and reduced ability to recover UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), TONJE ARONSEN (NORWEGIAN [email protected] from exhaustive exercise. Thermal acclimation resulted in INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH, NORWAY) remodelling of the cardiac transcriptome. Gene-ontology analyses Winter dormancy (an inactive, fasting, slow metabolism state) is i nd icated sig n i fica nt e n r ic h me nt for te r m s a ssoc iated w it h ae robic u sed by ce r ta i n fi shes to e ndu re t he f r ig id a nd food-poor w i nte r a nd [email protected] metabolism, cardiac muscle membrane potential and regulation of persist at poleward latitudes. However, little is known about the Mate c hoice ca n be de fi ned a s t he process t hat occ u rs whe neve r t he ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channel activity supporting mec ha n i sm s a nd d r ive rs of w i nte r dor ma nc y. D ue to te mpe rat u re’s effects of traits expressed in one sex leads to non-random allocation the observed physiological responses to acclimation. These results effects on physiological and biochemical processes, greater of reproduc t ive i nvest me nt w it h me mbe rs of t he opposite se x . To indicate warm acclimation markedly improves whole-organism and performance occurs at temperatures near the thermal optimum (T ) opt form a mate choice decision, animals may obtain information about cardiac thermal tolerance, as well as temperature-specific hypoxia a nd con st ra i ned pe r for ma nce occ u rs at t he e x t re mes of a t he r ma l potential partners both by directly assessing the individuals based tolerance and these changes are reflected at the molecular level. performance curve. To test the hypothesis that winter dormancy on physical characters or other criteria, or by observing competitive is a response to constraints of low temperature on physiological ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 188 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 189

interactions between individuals of the same sex. Mate choice experiments performed under controlled laboratory conditions A12.24 EFFECTS OF A TRINOMIAL A12.26 THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL A12.27 BRANCHIAL ACID- can be a useful tool when investigating aspects of sexual selection. METAL MIXTURE OF CU, ZN AND ISOLATION ON OFFSPRING PROACTIVE- BASE REGULATION DEPENDS ON A Howeve r, e x pe r i me nta l set ups whe re d i rec t i nte rac t ion bet wee n a nd w it h i n t he se xes i s preve nted m ig ht produce flawed resu lt s a s CD ON BIOACCUMULATION AND REACTIVE PERSONALITY AXIS FUNCTIONAL MICROTUBULE NETWORK possible e ffec t s f rom mat i ng compet it ion a nd mate e ncou nte r rates IONOREGULATION IN COMMON CARP, are not taken into account. Hence, seemingly inconsistent results CYPRINUS CARPIO THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION f rom suc h e x pe r i ment s may depend on wh ic h mec ha n i sm s of se x ua l selection that have been under study. Here, we investigated the TIFFANY A ARMSTRONG (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INSTITUTE DIRK WEIHRAUCH (UNIVESITY OF MANITOBA, CANADA), THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION e ffec t s of mat i ng compet it iona nd d i rec t i nte rac t ion bet wee n t he OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE SANDRA FEHSENFELD (UNIVERSITÉ DU QUEBEC À RIMOUSKI, se xeson mate c hoice u si ng t he broad-nosed pipe fi sh (Syngnathus MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), MIA LENG (UNIVERSITY OF CANADA), ALEX R QUIJADA-RODRIGUEZ (UNIVERSITY OF MARION PILLET (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), typhle). We ran laboratory mate choice trials divided over three GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH MANITOBA, CANADA), ANNA-MARIA MARINI (UNIVERSITÉ GIOVANNI CASTALDO (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), segments allowing i) no competitive interactions over mates, ii) AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), JAN LIBRE DE BRUXELLES, BELGIUM), JYUAN-RU TSAI (TUNGHAI BART SLOOTMAEKERS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), competitive interactions over mates but no interaction between the LINDSTRÖM (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), HUI-CHEN LIN (TUNGHAI UNIVERSITY, LIEVEN BERVOETS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), RONNY se xes ot he r t ha n v i sua l, a nd i i i) compet it ive i nte rac t ion s ove r mates BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, TAIWAN), FRANK MELZNER (GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR BLUST (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), GUDRUN DE BOECK and direct interaction between the sexes. We found that both male UNITED KINGDOM), SHAUN S KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF OCEAN RESEARCH, GERMANY) (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) and female mate choice decision was altered under the influence of GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL HEALTH AND competitive interactions over mates. This implies that initial mate COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), KEVIN J PARSONS [email protected] [email protected] c hoice ba sed on v i sua l c ues a lone ca n be ove r r idde n by i nt ra-se x ua l (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY, E xc ret ion of metabol ic wa ste produc t s suc h a s a m mon ia a nd CO , compet it ion a nd d i rec t i nte rac t ion w it h i n t he se xes. The development of industry, mining activities and agriculture ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNITED 2 but also maintenance of acid-base homeostasis are fundamental supported an increase of metal pollution in the aquatic system. KINGDOM) processes and crucial for survival in all living organisms. Aquatic Therefore a wide occurrence of mixtures of metal exists in the aquatic animals are usually ammonotelic and the excretion of ammonia is env i ron ment. W hen look i ng at i nd iv idua l meta l e x posu res, 10 % [email protected] mediated predominantly by respiratory epithelia such as gills or of t he LC 50 i s of te n con side red relat ively sa fe, nea r t he NOEC ( No A12.23 SEX-SPECIFIC INHERITANCE, Parental investment is known to increase growth and survival if absent, the body surface. This transport often involves active Obse r ved E ffec t Conce nt rat ion) or LOEC ( L owest Obse r ved E ffec t SELECTION AND EVOLUTION ON of offspring across many taxa. Recent evidence has suggested components, such as the Na+ /K+ -ATPase (NKA), the V-type Concentration). With this study we try to answer the question: that the involvement of both parents in rearing can influence the H+ -ATPase (VAT), a dynamic microtuble network, and ammonia BREEDING TIMING IN COMMON TERNS “Ca n 10 % of t h i s LC for Cu, Zn and Cd still be considered as a safe 50 development of social and aggressive behaviours in offspring. transportes, including Rh-proteins, AMTs and K+ channels. In concentration when applied in a mixture?”. Common carp were However, the role of biparental care in development and covariation contrast, the bulk of branchial CO e xc ret ion i s bel ieved to occ u r v ia WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:40 e x posed to a m i x t u re of Cu : 4. 8 µ g / L; Cd : 2 . 9 µ g / L a nd Z n : 20 6. 8 µ g / L 2 of offspring behaviours with the sex of the individual is currently membra ne d i ff u sion . Howeve r, i nt racel lu la r HCO - , either imported at 20 °C for 1 wee k a nd we looked at fi sh su r v iva l, bioacc u mu lat ion , 3 understudied. Neolamprologus brevis is a shell dwelling African from the blood/hemolymph by means of bicarbonate transporters or MARIA MOIRON (CENTRE D’ECOLOGIE FONCTIONNELLE ET ionoregulation and metallothionein induction. Our results show a cichlid that provides biparental care to its offspring. Dominant generated by the hydration of cellular CO due to the catalytic action EVOLUTIVE, FRANCE), YIMEN G ARAYA-AJOY (DEPARTMENT rapid increase in copper and cadmium in gills and liver with adverse 2 males of this species tend to be large and aggressive, while of a cytoplasmatic carbonic anhydrase is utilized for osmoregulatory OF BIOLOGY, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND e ffec t on ion-homeosta si s. A sod iu m d rop wa s repor ted i n t he g i l l s, subordinate males resemble females in size and behaviour. This NaCl transport and/or branchial acid-base regulation. Employing TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), CÉLINE TEPLITSKY (CENTRE l ive r a nd mu sc les. T he loss i n sod iu m conte nt a ffec ted t he whole study investigated the role of biparental absence during early t he prepa rat ion of t he i solated pe r f u sed g i l l i n 2 d i ffe rent ha l i ne c rab D’ECOLOGIE FONCTIONNELLE ET EVOLUTIVE, FRANCE), ANNE body ionoregulation, while a decrease in potassium levels was development on boldness, exploration and aggression in offspring. species, the green crab Carcinus maenas (seawater acclimated) and CHARMANTIER (CENTRE D’ECOLOGIE FONCTIONNELLE ET on ly obse r ved i n t he l ive r. A n i nc rea se i n t he ge ne e x pression for Further, correlations among these behaviours were examined the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (freshwater acclimated), EVOLUTIVE, FRANCE), SANDRA BOUWHUIS (INSTITUTE OF H+ -AT Pase a nd a dec reased ex pression of t he Na + -channel were based on offspring sex. We found that male offspring reared without we demonstrate that branchial acid-base regulation as well as CO AVIAN RESEARCH, GERMANY) obse r ved a f te r 1 day of e x posu re. We hy pot hesi se t hat t h i s i nc rea se 2 pa rent s we re sig n i fica nt ly more agg ressive t ha n t hose rea red w it h excretion depends partially on a functional microtubule network. in H+ -ATPase and the subsequent recovery of the Na+ -channel pa re nt s. Howeve r, fe ma le offspr i ng d id not show a n e ffec t of pa re nta l Our data suggest that in C. maenas the microtuble network [email protected] expression rates are an attempt to compensate for the reduced absence on aggression. All behaviours showed strong covariation promotes branchial CO excretion, while in E. sinensis the network Na+ uptake due to competition between copper and sodium at the 2 Reproductive traits are often influenced by social interactions in individuals with parents present, but correlations among facilitates retention of CO . Intracellular localization of a Rh-protein, uptake site. In addition a strong stimulation of metallothionein gene 2 between paired individuals. In birds, while the female is the member va r iou s behav iou rs we re wea ken a mong offspr i ng rea red w it hout a potential dual gas-channel, implicates a vesicular transport expression was reported during the whole experiment. of the pair who lays the eggs, males can affect their partner’s laying parents. These results suggest that parental presence results in the of CO2 to the respective cell membrane, on order to maintain date by shaping the pre-laying environment. Such an indirect male development of suites of correlated behaviours in this species and acid-base homeostasis. e ffec t on lay i ng date ca n be e nv i ron me nta l, but a l so, be ge net ica l ly behavioural integration. These results also indicate that parental dete r m i ned . I n t he lat te r ca se, se x-spec i fic ge net ic (co)va r ia nces ca n absence du r i ng development ha s a st ronge r i n flue nce on agg ression i n flue nce t he adapt ive pote nt ia l of a t ra it, a nd speed up or con st ra i n in males than in females, which could influence mate acquisition and evolution. Quantifying the relationship between heritable effects territory defence later in life. A12.28 A MECHANISTIC OXYGEN- AND determined by both males and females therefore is important for TEMPERATURE-LIMITED METABOLIC our understanding of the evolution of avian phenology. In this study we investigated patterns of inheritance, selection and evolution NICHE FRAMEWORK of breeding timing using 26 years of pedigree and breeding data from a wild population of common terns (Sterna hirundo). We found THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION that female laying date harboured considerable additive genetic va r ia nce. Howeve r, we obse r ved no ma le ge net ic e ffec t s i n lay i ng RASMUS ERN (AALBORG UNIVERSITY, DENMARK) date. Considering male effects did consequently not alter the evolutionary potential of the trait. When focusing on females alone, [email protected] we found that natural selection on female laying date was strong, The abundance and distribution of fishes and other water- favouring early breeding. The combination of strong selection and breathing ectotherms are partially shaped by the capacities of sex-specific inheritance of laying date resulted in the expected individuals to perform ecologically relevant functions, which evolutionary response towards an advancement of female laying collectively determine whole-organism performance. Aerobic date across generations. Our study thus demonstrates that common scope qua nt i fies t he capac it y of t he ca rd iorespi rator y system to terns are micro-adapting to their environment, perhaps in response supply tissues with oxygen for fuelling such functions. Aquatic to c ha nges i n c l i mate a nd a ssoc iated sh i f t s i n fi sh d i st r ibut ion . hy pox ia a nd wate r te mpe rat u re a re t wo pr i nc ipa l e nv i ron me nta l fac tors a ffec t i ng t he metabol ic rates a nd ae robic scope of wate r- breathing ectotherms. Although it is intuitive that animal ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 190 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 191

ene rget ics w i l l be of ecolog ica l sig n i fica nce, ma ny st ud ies a rg ue European flat oysterOstrea edulis at both, organismic and cellular against a hypothesised overarching link between aerobic scope, A12.30 MORPHOMETRIC AND GENETIC A12.31 THE ADAPTIVE FEATURES level, during acute warming (2°C every 48h). Starting at 14°C whole-organism performance, and shifts in the abundance and CONVERGENCE OF SEA CUCUMBER OF HYDROTHERMAL VENT CRAB hea r t, fi lt rat ion a nd respi rat ion rates (rout i ne metabol i sm) we re distribution of water-breathing ectotherms with environmental determined to evaluate organismic performance during warming change. Consequently, relationships between aerobic scope and SPECIES FROM THE GENUS HOLOTHURIA (XENOGRAPSUS TESTUDINATUS) until the lethal temperature, reached at 36°C. At the cellular level, we ecologically relevant performance traits must be established for ACROSS THE ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE IN SULFIDE-RICH HABITAT analyzed warming induced changes in gill metabolites to evaluate individual species, or groups of species, if aerobic scope is to be of MEDITERRANEAN SEA t he on set of a nae robic metabol i sm . O u r fi nd i ngs i nd icate a t he r ma l use in ecological species-distribution models. The oxygen- and WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION optimum between 18- 24°C, when O.edulis fed at ma x i mu m rates temperature-limited metabolic niche framework integrates a range and moderate energy expenditures. Cardiac dysfunction developed THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION of wel l- de fi ned e x pe r i me nta l t ra it s for a ssessi ng t he metabol ic rates, PEI-HSUAN CHOU (MARINE RESEARCH STATION INSTITUTE at 2 8 °C fol lowed by a n A r rhe n iu s brea k poi nt te mpe rat u re at 30 °C . aerobic scope, anaerobic capacity, and range boundaries of water- Additionally, temperature dependent durations of cardiac arrest HAYFA CHAMMEM (UNIVERSITY OF TUNIS EL MANAR, TUNISIA), OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY, ACADEMIA SINICA, breathing ectotherms exposed to progressive aquatic hypoxia pe r iod s (i nd icat ive of shel l c losu re) pea ked bet wee n 2 4 a nd 26°C a nd HELENA IBÁÑEZ (UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA, SPAIN), JAMILA TAIWAN), YI-TA SHAO (INSTITUTE OF MARINE BIOLOGY, and rising water temperature. The framework also describes the we re neg l ig ible at 2 8 °C a nd te mpe rat u res beyond . I nte rest i ng ly, a BEN SOUISSI (UNIVERSITY OF TUNIS EL MANAR, TUNISIA), NATIONAL TAIWAN OCEAN UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), GUAN-CHUNG thermal tolerance of the cardiorespiratory system and proposes sig n i fica nt i nc rea se i n a nae robic end-produc t s wa s obse r ved at a ANGEL PÉREZ-RUZAFA (UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA, SPAIN) WU (DEPARTMENT OF AQUACULTURE, NATIONAL TAIWAN OCEAN a n e mpi r ica l de fi n it ion of t he mec ha n i sm u nde rly i ng t he c r it ica l UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), YUNG-CHE TSENG (MARINE RESEARCH Tcrit of 26°C , 10 deg rees below t he let ha l te mpe rat u re. W it h f u r t he r t he r ma l ma x i mu m i n spec ies w it h ox yge n- depe nde nt uppe r t he r ma l warming succinate (fumarate and malate) levels showed a second [email protected] STATION, INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY limits. Incorporating traits for ecologically relevant functions, ACADEMIA SINICA, TAIWAN) rise at 34°C, coincident with the leveling off in respiration. These exemplified here with preference and avoidance responses, may The class Holothuroidea, known as sea cucumber, is one of the findings indicate that the natural temperature range ofO.edulis , provide information about the role of metabolism in shaping most d ive rse g roup of t he phylu m Ec h i node r mata. I n ma ny ca ses, [email protected] bet ween 11 to 21°C i n N W Spa i n , i s wel l w it h i n t he ae robic ra nge. individual traits and whole-organism performance, and thus the the genus Holothuria, was under discussion and its literature The observed wide temperature span between Tcrit and the lethal potential applicability of aerobic scope and anaerobic capacity in was currently in confusion, since its morphological systematic Hydrothermal vent is one of the extreme environments on the te mpe rat u re i s l i kely l i n ked to t he oyste rs’ capabi l it y to adju st to species distribution models (doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0540). ide nt i ficat ion ba sed on “spic u les st udy ” wa s doubt f u l a nd u nce r ta i n . earth. High toxic and acidified conditions due to the release of sulfide highly variable temperatures with a broad passive range of tolerance The present investigation is focuses on morphometric and genetic compou nd s a nd ca rbon d iox ide a re a c ha rac te r i st ic of t he sha l low- to t he r ma l e x t re mes. analyses of holothurian species from genus Holothuria, across the water hydrothermal vent system of Kueishan Island (24°50’N, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. With main aims to assess 121°57’E) off the coast of Taiwan. The challenging hydrothermal A12.29 METABOLIC RESPONSES IN the level of genetic variation between different species of genus vent habitat is inhabited by Xenograpsus testudinatus, a crab species TADPOLES OF BULLFROG LITHOBATES Holothuria with mostly an Atlanto-Mediterranean origin and to that is the only metazoan species found in the direct surrounding of A12.33 UNDERSTANDING THE investigate their morphometric variation on bases of spicules shape, the shallow vents. To overcome ambient dilemmas, X. testudinatus GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY CATESBEIANUS AFTER EXPOSURE TO in order to evaluate their morphometric and phylogenetic similitude. cou ld e ffic ie nt ly up -reg u late t hose hyd roge n a nd su l f u r-related ZINC, COPPER AND CADMIUM For this purpose, a total of 40 specimens of sea cucumber belonging transporters in gills. Behavioral approaches and metabolic AND RESPONSES TO FEEDING IN AIR to seven species of genus Holothuria, with Atlanto-Mediterranean evaluations were also applied on estimating the appearances of BREATHING FISHES FROM THE MEKONG WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION or ig i n we re t he subjec t of t h i s work . T he rea f te r, t he spic u les we re adult X. testudinatus u nde r h ig h- a nd non- su l fide env i ron ment . DELTA studied according to the classical method. Images from buttons We surprisingly found that both male and female vent crabs did not and tables were taken. Morphometric partners and statistical show sig n i fica nt prefe rence towa rd t he h ig h-su l fide bat h . O x ygen CLEONI S CARVALHO (UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION BRAZIL), BIANCA C CHAGAS (UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO we re ca r r ied out u si ng I mp Sof t wa re 2 .0 a nd PR I M E R-E 6 sof t wa re consumption rates were not apparently change after transferring program. The generated resemblance similarity dendrogram was to high-sulfide bath for 48 h, and significantly elevate after 72 CARLOS, BRAZIL), HEIDI S UTSUNOMIYA (UNIVERSIDADE HARRIET R GOODRICH (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, compared with the phylogenetic dendrogram tree based on the h exposure. Consequently, to survive in high-sulfide habitats, FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS, BRAZIL), MARISA N FERNANDES AUSTRALIA), LINA M BIRGERSSON (UNIVERSITY OF a na lysi s of t he mt DNA COI (c y toc h rome ox ida se I ) gene. O ve ra l l, X. testudinatus have evolved adaptive sulfide detoxification (UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS, BRAZIL) GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN), WILL G DAVISON (THE UNIVERSITY the obtained results revealed a concordance on genetic and mechanisms in gill, and the elevation of cellular respiration is OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), ANNE B KIM (UNIVERSITY morphometric partners across the Atlantic and the Mediterranean essential to minimize sulfide-induced toxic stress. Since the [email protected] OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA), PHUONG LE MAY (BAC species. Recently, the geographical distribution of sea cucumber enrichment of sulfide is not an inducible factor for their natural LIEU UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM), PHUONG N THANH (CAN The metals may accumulate in aquatic organisms and result i s c ha ng i ng, rega rd i ng to t he g loba l wa r m i ng e ffec t s. I n rega rd s assembling behavior, the proper cellular mechanisms underlying THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM), TRAN H TINH (WAGENINGEN in biochemical and physiological dysfunction with important to survive and to adapt to new habitats, species’ genotypic and toxic habitat preference of X. testudinatus i s st i l l needed to e x plore UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), ORA E JOHANNSSON (UNIVERSITY impact on the homeostasis and metabolic performance of these phonotypic plasticity has increased. in the future. OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA), HUONG DO THI THANH animals. In the present study, it was evaluated the activity of (CAN THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM), MARK BAYLEY (AARHUS lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), CHRIS M WOOD (UNIVERSITY OF metabolite levels of glucose, triglycerides and protein in the liver, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA) kidney and muscle of bullfrog tadpoles, Lithobates catesbeianus, A12.32 HOT & HOTTER: TEMPERATURE fol low i ng e x posu res to 1 μg / L of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium TOLERANCE OF THE EUROPEAN FLAT [email protected] (Cd), a lone or i n combi nat ion (1:1 a nd 1:1:1) for 2 a nd 16 days. I n t he exposures to metals alone and co-exposure LDH and MDH increased OYSTER, OSTREA EDULIS (L., 175 8) T he Me kong R ive r i n Sout h Ea st A sia i s home to ove r 8 50 f reshwate r in the liver and kidney at 2 and 16 days. Glucose increased in the liver IN A WARMING OCEAN species, a notable proportion of which are amphibious air breathers. in the Zn and Cu groups (2 and 16 days) and decreased in the liver, Un l i ke ot he r, more wel l-k now n com me rc ia l ly i mpor ta nt fi shes, suc h kidney and muscle in co-exposure to metals. Protein decreased in THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION as salmonids, we know very little about their biology, ecology and the liver in co-exposure (2 days) and in muscle in exposure to metals physiology. The air breathing striped snake head (Channa striata), alone; in the kidney increased in all groups exposed to metals. In CHARLOTTE EYMANN (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), giant gourami (Osphronemus relation to the concentration of triglycerides the kidney and muscle SANDRA GOETZE (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), goramy) and snake skin gourami (Trichogaster pectoralis) have we re t he most a ffec ted , w it h dec rea se i n t he a lone g roups a nd i n GISELA LANNIG (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), enormous commercial and economic value to South East Asia. the Zn+Cu and Zn+Cu+Cd groups at 16 and 2 days of exposure, CHRISTIAN BOCK (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY), Collectively these species contribute almost half a billion USD respectively. Statistical interactions were observed in this study. HANS-OTTO PÖRTNER (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY) to aquaculture each year. Understanding the gastrointestinal T he refore, t h i s st udy shows t hat e x posu re to meta ls ha s a lte red t he physiology of these species can provide key insights to enhance normal metabolism of animals and that the use of these biomarkers [email protected] t hei r produc t iv it y i n aquac u lt u re. He re we present t he fi rst st udy is valid to investigate the damage that exposure to metals can cause to i nvest igate ac id-ba se ba la nce, n it rogenou s wa ste e xc ret ion a nd amphibians. The authors thank FAPESP for the financial support. Ocean warming challenges marine biota by limiting the iono-regulatory responses to fasting and feeding in these species, temperature-dependent scope for performance, fitness and and the acid- base conditions in their digestive tracts. su r v ival. Follow ing t he Ox ygen and Capacity Lim ited Ther mal Tolerance (OCLTT) concept, we evaluated the performance of the ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 192 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 193

such information is vital, as many bat species can often be found A12.35 GENE-BY-ENVIRONMENT A12.36 OCEAN ACIDIFICATION DOES A12.37 DIFFERENCES IN PROTEIN living in close proximity to humans, and frequently use human INTERACTIONS ON SOCIABILITY IN NOT AFFECT FISH ECTOPARASITE EXPRESSION IN FRESHWATER AND structures and light sources as roost sites and hunting grounds, respectively. We have thus aimed to establish seasonal profiles THREESPINE STICKLEBACKS SURVIVAL BRACKISH WATER INDIVIDUALS OF of stress in two species of Myotis bats in a rural area of Norway, THE EURYHALINE SNAIL THEODOXUS by measuring the levels of free glucocorticoid (cortisol) in faecal WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION FLUVIATILIS samples by enzymeimmuno assay. Our results indicate that the amount of free cortisol is heightened in pregnant and nursing NATALIE PILAKOUTA (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED EVE OTJACQUES (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL fe ma les, wh i le it tape rs off towa rd s or ig i na l level s late r i n t he sea son WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION KINGDOM), AMÉLIE CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, SCIENCES CENTRE, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA, PORTUGAL), (though variability late-season is considerably higher than in the UNITED KINGDOM), MARIE LEVET (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, JOSÉ RICARDO PAULA (MARE - MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL early season). Therefore, reproducing individuals are likely at greater AMANDA A WIESENTHAL (UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD, UNITED KINGDOM), MARION CLAIREAUX (INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CENTRE, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA, PORTUGAL), r i sk when faced w it h e x te r na l d i st u rba nces t ha n t hei r con spec i fics. GERMANY), CHRISTIAN MÜLLER (UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD, MARINE RESEARCH, NORWAY), BJARNI KRISTJÁNSSON COURTNEY HILDEBRANDT (UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, T h i s suggest s a d i rec t ion for f ut u re con se r vat ion e ffor t s, w it h t he GERMANY), DIRK ALBRECHT (UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD, (HOLAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, ICELAND), SKÚLI SKÚLASON AUSTRALIA), ALEXANDRA GRUTTER (UNIVERSITY OF primary concern being the protection of maternity roosts, and GERMANY), JAN-PETER HILDEBRANDT (UNIVERSITY OF (HOLAR UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, ICELAND), NEIL METCALFE QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), RUI ROSA (MARE - MARINE AND limitation of human disturbance in critical reproductive phases. GREIFSWALD, GERMANY) (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), JAN LINDSTRÖM ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CENTRE, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA, (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), SHAUN KILLEN PORTUGAL) [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), KEVIN PARSONS (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) [email protected] The nerite snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linneaus, 1758) has A12.39 APPLICATION OF GROWTH formed regional subgroups in northern Germany and appears in On the Great Barrier Reef, gnathiid isopods are known as one of FACTORS AFTER OPTIC NERVE CRUSH [email protected] both freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW). In these waters, t he most com mon fi sh ec topa ra sites, hav i ng substa nt ia l e ffec t s distinct ecotypes can be found that show a clear grouping of FW INCREASES MACROPHAGES AND Group-living is associated with costs and benefits that vary with on settlement-stage larvae or very young juveniles, and repeated or BW collection sites in terms of tolerance towards hyperosmotic PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY environmental conditions. For example, animals in groups may attacks also affect fish growth. In order to cope with these stress and in terms of underlying mechanisms of organic osmolyte be ne fit f rom i mproved predator detec t ion a nd avoida nce, but t hey ec topa ra sites, reef fi shes te nd to e ngage coope rat ive i nte rac t ion s accumulation as a means of dealing with hyperosmotic stress. ca n a lso su ffe r cost s i n t he for m of i nc rea sed compet it ion for food with cleaning organisms, like shrimps or fishes, where they WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Thus, it stands to reason that the protein expression between or ot he r resou rces. Tempe rat u re i s a n i mpor ta nt fac tor i n fluenc i ng benefit from the ectoparasite reduction and thus stress relief. the ecoty pes is d i fferent as well. Consider ing the salin ity in the t he ba la nce of t hese cost s a nd be ne fit s by a lte r i ng food ava i labi l it y, Ocea n ac id i ficat ion i s k now n to pose a ra nge of t h reat s to ma r i ne ROSA E BLANCO (UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO, UNITED natural habitat of Theodoxus fluviatilis, BW snails not only have to predator abundance, and other ecological parameters. Variation i nve r tebrates, yet t he pote nt ia l e ffec t s of ocea n ac id i ficat ion on STATES), GIAM S VEGA-MELÉNDEZ (UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO deal with a higher basal salinity than the FW snails, but also cope in temperature may therefore drive within-individual variation fi sh ec topa ra sites rema i n u n k now n . We e x posed c u lt u red g nat h i id RICO, UNITED STATES), VALERIA DE LA ROSA (UNIVERSITY w it h f reque nt fluc t uat ion s of t he sa l i n it y t hat occ u r a f te r heav y in sociability, defined as the extent to which an animal seeks to isopods to high CO in single vials and measured their survival rate OF PUERTO RICO, UNITED STATES), CLARISSA DEL CUETO 2 rains or severe evaporation caused by extended periods of intense associate with conspecifics for non-aggressive interactions. under isolation. Our results showed that high CO did not have any (UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO, UNITED STATES), JONATHAN M 2 heat a nd su nsh i ne. T herefore, t he protei n ex pression pat ter n of There may also be among-individual variation in sociability e ffec t s on t he g nat h i id su r v iva l rate at a ny l i fe stages. We advocate BLAGBURN (UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO, UNITED STATES) five collection sites including FW and BW habitats were analysed u nde r a com mon te mpe rat u re, a r i si ng due to ge net ic d i ffe re nces t hat, a s ec topa ra sites wou ld not be a ffec ted by ocea n ac id i ficat ion , u si ng 2 D SDS-PAGE , ma ss spec t romet r y a nd seque nce compa r i son s bet wee n popu lat ion s t hat have bee n subjec t to d i ffe re nt selec t ion c lea ne r orga n i sm s wou ld st i l l play a sig n i fica nt role i n cora l reefs [email protected] based on a Theodoxus transcriptome database. The results of this pressures. To this end, we investigated gene-by-environment and thus, future studies are necessary to assess the effects of ocean study revealed 23 differently expressed proteins between the We have previously shown that a single application of the growth interactions (G×Es) on sociability in relation to temperature. G×Es ac id i ficat ion i n suc h orga n i sm s. five collection sites, of which many were proteins related to stress factors ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fibroblast growth occur when environmentally induced phenotypic changes within responses. The d i fference in t he ex pression can be ex plained by factor 2 (FGF-2) to the crushed optic nerve of the frog, Rana pipiens, i nd iv idua l s (phe not y pic pla st ic it y) d i ffe r bet wee n ge not y pes. We phe not y pic pla st ic it y, but a l so by ge net ic d i ffe re nces. Ni ne of t he increases the numbers and elongation rate of regenerating retinal took advantage of a “natural experiment” of stickleback populations d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed protei n s see m to be of spec ia l i nte rest a s t hey ganglion cell axons. Here we investigate the effects of these l iv i ng i n geot he r ma l ly heated wate r bod ies a nd adjace nt a mbie nt- may be involved in mediating the higher tolerance of BW animals factors on the numbers and types of macrophages that invade the temperature lakes. We measured sociability of sticklebacks from towards hyperosmotic stress compared to FW animals. regeneration zone. In control PBS-treated nerves, many macrophage- these warm and cold habitats (G) under low and high temperatures l i ke cel l s a re prese nt 10 0 μ m d i sta l to t he c r u sh site at 1 wee k a f te r ( E ), a l low i ng u s to compa re t hei r be hav iou ra l reac t ion nor m s ove r injury; their numbers halve by 2 weeks. A single application of CNTF a te mpe rat u re g rad ie nt (G×E ). at the time of injury triples the numbers of macrophages at 1 week, A12.38 SEASONAL GLUCOCORTICOID with this increase being maintained at 2 weeks. Applying FGF-2 PROFILE OF TWO SPECIES OF i s equa l ly e ffec t ive at 1 wee k , but t he mac rophage nu mbe rs have fallen to control levels at 2 weeks. Macrophages were identified NORWEGIAN BATS w it h im munostain ing w it h ED1 and A rg-1 antibod ies. Elect ron microscopy of the macrophages inside the nerve at 1 week shows THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION strong phagocytic activity with all treatments, with many vacuoles containing axon fragments and membrane debris. At HÅVARD A HALD (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE 2 weeks with PBS or FGF-2 treatment the remaining macrophages AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), CLARE STAWSKI (NORWEGIAN are less phagocytically active, containing mainly lipid inclusions. UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY) In nerves treated with CNTF at 2 weeks many of the more numerous mac rophages a re st i l l phagoc y tosi ng a xona l debr i s. We conc lude [email protected] t hat t he i ncrease i n macrophage i n flu x seen a f ter g row t h fac tor application is beneficial for the regenerating axons, probably due to Physiological stress is known to impact multiple aspects of life for more e x te n sive re mova l of dege ne rat i ng d i sta l a xon s. animals in the wild, notably the capacity for growth, reproduction and immunological response. This phenomenon, previously referred to as the General Adaptation Syndrome, is triggered by adverse environmental or social conditions, and is facilitated among other things by an increased secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland. While many studies have established stress profiles for a multitude of animals, often in the context of human encroachment or other forms of anthropogenic disturbance, few studies have attempted to quantify stress levels in bats. However, ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 194 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 195

a nd whole orga n ism levels. Moreover, at 21°C , t he a lterat ion s i n were completed during summer 2018, whereas the experiments A12.40 IMPACT OF CRUDE OIL ge ne e x pression w it h a nox ia i nduced a d i st i nc t ge ne e x pression A12.43 EFFECTS OF SEAWATER in Trondheim will be conducted during summer 2019. We are EXPOSURE ON TELEOST PERSONALITY pattern compared to normoxia and reoxygenation. Strikingly, ACIDIFICATION ON EXPRESSIONS measuring the metabolic rates of individual bats using indirect acclimation from 21°C to 5°C in normoxia effectuated substantial calorimetry at ambient temperatures ranging from 0-37°C to BEHAVIOURS t ra n sc r ipt iona l respon ses. Most prom i nent ly, 56% of t he e xc itator y OF ISOTOCIN RECEPTOR IN MARINE obtain the thermoregulatory curves for bats at both latitudes. We neurotransmission genes were down-regulated, including most of MEDAKA (ORYZIAS MELASTIGMA) hy pot hesi ze t hat ba sa l, rest i ng a nd tor por metabol ic rates w i l l d i ffe r THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION t he ones e ncod i ng t he subu n it s composi ng e xc itator y N-met hyl-D - between the populations. The upper and lower critical temperatures aspartate (NMDA) and 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION of t he t he r moneut ra l zone may a l so d i ffe r, a s wel l a s t he te mpe rat u re ALEXIS J KHURSIGARA (THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN (AMPA) glutamate receptors. By contrast, only 26% of the inhibitory thresholds for initiating torpor bouts and for increasing the metabolic MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES), ANDREW J neurotransmission genes were down-regulated. Consequently, the YI AN CHEN (DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCE, NATIONAL TAIWAN rate to prevent body temperature from decreasing further while ESBAUGH (THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN MARINE gene expression pattern of 5°C normoxic turtles was statistically UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), TZU-YEN LIU (MARINE RESEARCH tor pid . D i ffe re nt t he r moreg u lator y adaptat ion s may revea l wh ic h SCIENCE INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES) d i st i nc t compa red to t hat of 21°C nor mox ic t u r t les.O ve ra l l, t h i s st udy STATION INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC BIOLOGY, populations are particularly vulnerable to climate change. highlights that key transcriptional responses are consonant with TAIWAN), DORIS WT AU (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND [email protected] t he sy napt ic a r rest t hat occ u rs i n t he a nox ic t u r t le bra i n . I n add it ion , CHEMISTR, CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG, HONG KONG), t he fi nd i ngs revea l t hat t ra n sc r ipt iona l re model l i ng i nduced by While the cardiotoxic effects are the most highly discussed MING-YI CHOU (DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCE, NATIONAL decreased temperature may serve to precondition the turtle brain impacts of oil exposure in fishes, emerging evidence suggests TAIWAN UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), YUNG-CHE TSENG (MARINE A12.46 MOLECULAR AND for w i nte r a nox ia. that neurological function is also impaired and may be just as RESEARCH STATION INSTITUTE OF CELLULAR AND ORGANISMIC MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN se n sit ive. Tra n sc r iptom ics data f rom e x posed la r va l fi sh showed BIOLOGY, TAIWAN) THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM AND that pathways related to neurological and cognitive function OLFACTORY BULB OF SEABREAM DURING were severely disrupted; this was accompanied by a significant [email protected] reduction in brain size in these fish. The few studies that have A12.42 MEASURING SEAWATER PCO2 EXPOSURE TO HIGH PCO2-WATER Seawater acidification, a prior environmental perturbation, is e xa m i ned t he e ffec t s of oi l on pe rsona l it y t ra it s have show n t hat IN BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS: resulted from accelerating seawater pCO concentration due to ac ute e x posu re to low concent rat ion s of oi l ca n reduce soc iabi l it y 2 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION GETTING THE BEST RESULTS WITH A CO2 the emissions of anthropogenic CO . Therefore, variety biological a nd i nc rea se agg ression i n fi shes. Yet muc h rema i n s to be u nde rstood 2 EQUILIBRATOR, SPECTROPHOTOMETER effects by such hypercapnic perturbation were proved in the rega rd i ng t he scope a nd sig n i fica nce of t hese obse r vat ion s. T he RITA A COSTA (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, PORTUGAL), living marine organisms. However, it is still poorly understood in purpose of this study was to explore the potential of oil exposure OR PH ELECTRODE ZÉLIA VELEZ (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, PORTUGAL), hormone responses of marine teleosts in terms of physiological to result in a behavioural syndrome that may affect ecological PETER C HUBBARD (CENTRE OF MARINE SCIENCES, PORTUGAL) regulation under seawater acidification. In this study, we applied performance using the model species, Danio rerio. Fish were THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) into CO -induced acidified ac utely e x posed to a ra nge of oi l conce nt rat ion s a f te r wh ic h t hey 2 [email protected] seawate r. I n pH 7.6 t reat ment g roup, t he i sotoc i n receptor homolog were tested for exploration, activity, boldness, aggression and SUE-ANN WATSON (QUEENSLAND MUSEUM, JAMES COOK (ISTRb), an hormone receptor shown to be involved in ionocytes The increase in dissolved CO in the ocean due to increased sociability behaviours. Preliminary evidence suggests that oil UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), PHILIP MUNDAY (JAMES COOK 2 differentiation and proliferation, transcripts levels were up- atmospheric CO , a process known as ocean acidification, has e x posu re promotes a proac t ive a rc het y pe coi nc ident w it h reduced UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) 2 regulated both in larvae and adult gills compared with the control documented impacts on neurosensory and behavioural endpoints a nt i-predator be hav iou r. D i sc u ssion w i l l i nc lude h i stolog ica l a nd g roup (pH 8.1). Besides, I ST Rb wa s e x pressed predom i na nt ly on in different organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms gene expression analysis of brains sampled from the respective [email protected] basolateral membrane of epithelium ionocytes of adult gills and underlying these physiological changes have been slowly treatments. As biologists we need to quantify the amount of carbon dioxide larval yolk skin. Consequently, teleosts may able to modulate the unravelled. Knowledge on the molecular pathways involved in CO2

(CO2) i n seawate r du r i ng ocea n ac id i ficat ion e x pe r i me nt s. Howeve r, acid-base homeostasis by altering functional capacity of epithelial -induced neurosensory impairments is crucial to assess the impacts

equipment to measure CO2 directly can be costly, time consuming ISTRb to cope with ambient acidic stress. of ocean acidification on coastal species with economic importance. A12.41 GENE EXPRESSION IN and involve complex, bulky apparatus. As a result, other parameters A recent study in seabream indicated a reduction in the olfactory of the carbonate system, such as pH and total alkalinity (AT ), are sensitivity to some odorants after chronic exposure to pCO2 water.

TURTLE BRAIN: IMPORTANCE OF COLD often measured and used to calculate the partial pressure of CO2 We show that this may be due, at least in part, to reduced area of (pCO ) in seawater. We compare four methods of pCO determination the sensory epithelium of the olfactory lamellae. Furthermore, the ACCLIMATION FOR ANOXIA SURVIVAL 2 2 A12.45 TEMPERATURE AND often used in ocean acidification experiments: 1) Versatile LATITUDINAL EFFECTS ON METABOLIC density and size of mucus-producing goblet cells was increased. I Nst r u me nt for t he Dete r m i nat ion of Tota l i norga n ic ca rbon a nd The study also aimed to characterize the timeline of molecular WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION t it rat ion A l ka l i n it y ( V I N DTA) mea su rement of d i ssolved i norga n ic RATES OF WHISKERED BATS IN NORWAY mechanisms underlying these morphological alterations that carbon (C ) and A , 2) spectrophotometric measurement of pH occur in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb of seabream CHRISTINE S COUTURIER (UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE, T T T and A , 3) electrode measurement of pH and A , and 4) the direct WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION during exposure to high pCO /low pH water. Adult seabream UNITED STATES), JONATHAN AW STECYK (UNIVERSITY OF T NBS T 2 measurement of CO using a portable CO equilibrator with a non- (222 ±37 g) were exposed to control water (pH 8.2, ≈413 µAtm) and ALASKE ANCHORAGE, UNITED STATES), STIAN ELLEFSEN 2 2 dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analyser. All four methods produced KAROLINE H SKÅRA (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE high pCO /low pH water (pH 7.7, ≈1421 µAtm) and tissue samples (INLAND NORWAY UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES, NORWAY), 2 very similar pCO estimates, and the three methods often suited AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), CLARE STAWSKI (NORWEGIAN were collected at 0 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and GURO K SANDVIK (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY), SARAH L 2 to highly replicated biological experiments or biological fieldwork UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY) 4 weeks of exposure for molecular and histological analysis. MILTON (FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), (spectrophotometric pH , electrode pH and CO equilibrator) Candidate genes related to excitatory neuron transmission, GABA HOWARD M PRENTICE (FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY, UNITED T NBS 2 produced estimated measurement uncertainties of 3.5-4.6 % for [email protected] signalling, synaptic plasticity and olfactory transduction were STATES), GÖRAN E NILSSON (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY) pCO . We are not advocating the replacement of established methods qua nt i fied i n ta rget t issues a nd t he mor pholog y of t he ol fac tor y 2 Bats are long-lived in comparison to most other small mammals, to measure seawater carbonate chemistry, particularly for high- epithelium was evaluated with basic histological techniques. Taken [email protected] and with most species only producing a single offspring each accuracy quantification of carbonate parameters or to measure together, these results suggest that high pCO / low pH a ffec t s t he year it is important to understand how they cope physiologically 2 We investigated if transcriptional responses are consistent with the very small changes in seawater pCO . However, for biological CO olfactory system of fish at several different levels. 2 2 with varying climatic variables. Many bat species show large arrest of synaptic activity in the anoxic turtle (Trachemys scripta) -manipulation experiments measuring differences of over 100 d i st r ibut ion ra nges, a nd i nd iv idua l s f rom d i ffe re nt lat it udes may brain. Thirty-nine genes of key receptors, transporters, enzymes and µatm pCO among treatments, the four methods described here can 2 express different physiological adaptations to area-specific energetic reg u lator y protei n s of i n h ibitor y a nd e xc itator y neu rot ra n sm i ssion produce similar results with careful use. challenges. For example, metabolic rates and torpor use, an energy were partially cloned and their expression in telencephalon of 21°C- saving mechanism, may vary. In our study, the metabolic rates of a nd 5°C-acc l i mated nor mox ic, a nox ic (2 4 h at 21°C; 1 a nd 14 days at male whiskered bats (Myotis mystacinus) will be studied at two 5°C) a nd reox yge nated (2 4 h at 21°C; 13 days at 5°C) t u r t les qua nt i fied latitudes in Norway; Nittedal, an inland location at 60° latitude; by real-time RT-PCR. Gene expression was largely sustained with and Trondheim, a coastal location at 63° latitude. The latter is a nox ia at 21°C a nd 5°C . Howeve r, t he c ha nges i n ge ne e x pression c lose to t he e x t reme of t h i s spec ies’ d i st r ibut ion ra nge. Bat s f rom that did occur were congruous with the decline in glutamatergic t hese locat ion s i n Nor way w i l l most l i kely e x pe r ie nce d i st i nc t ive activity and the increase in GABAergic activity observed at cellular va r iat ion i n c l i mate t h roug hout t he yea r. E x pe r i ment s i n Nit teda l ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 196 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 197

Antioxidants levels play a key role in protein turnover by provide new insight into the validity of models of warming-driven A12.47 ACUTE AND CHRONIC EFFECTS reducing the oxidative damage in the skeletal muscle, and hence ‹ sh r i n k i ng › a nd t he mag n it ude of t h i s ef fec t, a nd e x tend t he si ze A12.51 THE EFFECT OF GLOBAL OF CO-EXPOSURE TO HYPOXIA AND promoting growth performance in the long-term. In the present range of species for which we have growth~temperature data. WARMING ON THE HABITAT SUITABILITY study, Senegalese sole post-larvae (45 DAH) were fed with three LEAD ON THE CLADOCERAN, DAPHNIA experimental diets, a control (CTRL) and two supplemented with OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES MAGNA natural antioxidants: curcumin (CC) and grape seed (GS). Trial OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA spanned for 25 days and growth performance, muscle cellularity A12.50 SUSCEPTIBILITY OF EARLY- WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION and the expression of muscle growth related genes were assessed LIFE HERRING TO CLIMATE CHANGE WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION at the end of the experiment. The dietary inclusion of CC and – PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL EDWARD MAGER (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED GS resulted in significantly larger fish compared to CTRL. This PAOLO DOMENICI (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), STATES), DELANY BAUM (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED enhanced growth was associated with larger muscle cross sectional RESPONSES OF EMBRYOS AND YOLK-SAC ITALY), MATTEO SINERCHIA (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STATES), FABRIZIO BONATESTA (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, a rea, a lt houg h on ly fi sh fed CC we re sig n i fica nt ly d i ffe re nt f rom LARVAE (CNR), ITALY), FRANCESCO COLLOCA (NATIONAL RESEARCH UNITED STATES), EDWIN PRICE (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, CTRL. Sole fed the CC diet had the highest number of muscle fibres COUNCIL (CNR), ITALY), FABIO ANTOGNARELLI (NATIONAL indicating that the CC promoted muscle hyperplastic growth. The UNITED STATES) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), ITALY), ANDREA SATTA (NATIONAL mean fibre diameter did not differ among treatments, however, the RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), ITALY), STEFANO MARRAS [email protected] proportion of large-sized (>25 µm) increased, suggesting that CC (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CNR), ITALY) KATHARINA ALTER (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE ECOSYSTEM AND diet can also improve hypertrophic growth. Such differences in FISHERIES SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG, GERMANY), Hy pox ia i s a com mon st ressor i n ma ny f reshwate r ecosystem s ow i ng t he phe not y pe we re a ssoc iated w it h a sig n i fica nt up -reg u lat ion [email protected] MYRON PECK (INSTITUTE FOR MARINE ECOSYSTEM AND to a variety of factors, such as temperature, eutrophication and water of t he myogen ic d i ffe rent iat ion 2a nd t he myoma ke r t ra n sc r ipt s FISHERIES SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG, GERMANY) colu m n st rat i ficat ion . L ead , a non- esse nt ia l meta l a nd pe r va sive i nvolved i n myoc y te d i ffe re nt iat ion a nd f u sion , respec t ively, du r i ng C l i mate c ha nge i s bou nd to have major e ffec t s on t he d i st r ibut ion a nd pollutant, represents another source of stress in many aquatic larval development. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that energetics of marine organisms. Thermal tolerance and metabolic [email protected] environments, yet little is known regarding the potential interactive curcumin supplementation in diet can positively modulated muscle scope data on economically relevant species of the Mediterranean effects of co-exposure to hypoxia and lead in aquatic animals. This development in sole post-larva by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of Se r ia l e x pe r i ment s on ocea n ac id i ficat ion have t he powe r to detec t Sea such as red mullet (Mullus spp) were used to derive their st udy foc u sed on t he ac ute a nd c h ron ic e ffec t s of co - e x posu re to muscle fibres. changes in physiological sensitivities of early-life fish to elevated relationships with temperature. These relationships provided the hypoxia and lead on the water flea,Daphnia magna. A number of pCO2. We used this approach to better understand the susceptibility platform for modeling habitat suitability scenarios, as well as spatial responses are elicited by hypoxia in D. magna, including elevated of early-life herring to the combined effects of elevatedp CO2 and d i st r ibut ion projec t ion s t hat ca n be e mployed to i mprove e x i st i ng ventilation and heart rates, a dramatic increase in hemoglobin temperatures. Atlantic herring are a commercially and ecologically a nd a lte r nat ive stoc k a ssessme nt met hod s. E x i st i ng model s we re ( H b) conce nt rat ion a nd a n i nc rea se i n H b ox yge n bi nd i ng a ffi n it y. A12.49 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS i mpor ta nt forage fi sh t hat spaw n a long t he coa st s of t he Nor t h a nd used to generate oceanographic variables and the socio-economic E x posu re to lead , on t he ot he r ha nd , ha s bee n show n to dec rea se ON GROWTH, MAXIMUM BODY-SIZE Ba lt ic Sea at d i ffe re nt t i mes of t he yea r. I n t he Ba lt ic Sea, G rei fswa ld performance for the Strait of Sicily, with respect to commercially Hb production in a variety of animals, including D. magna. The Bay is an important spawning ground for autumn- (ASH) and spring i mpor ta nt spec ies. T hese data, a long w it h h i stor ica l fi she r ies data, significance of Hb in convective oxygen transport withinD. magna AND METABOLISM IN THE MARINE spawning herring (SSH) which migrate into this area in November provided the input to end-to-end modeling (Atlantis) and habitat presumably changes with development, becoming more important STICKLEBACK SPINACHIA SPINACHIA and from February to April, respectively. We sampled ASH once suitability modeling in order to forecast the effects of global warming a s it g rows beyond t he c r it ica l si ze l i m it for pu rely d i ff u sive ox yge n and SSH twice and reared their offspring at twop CO2 (400 and 1300 on the potential distribution of commercially important species. transport (<1 mm in normoxia). Thus, sensitivity to lead might be WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION µat m) a nd t wo tempe rat u res (8 a nd 12°C) i n a f u l l fac tor ia l desig n related to oxygen transport effects that likely vary with age-related until hatch. Susceptibility to elevated pCO2 and temperature was si ze d i ffe rences a nd ox ygen ava i labi l it y. To e xa m i ne t h i s possibi l it y, NICHOLAS CAREY (SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION OF MARINE determined from the organismal to the cellular level. Growth ac ute (4 8 h) mor ta l it y bioa ssays we re pe r for med for d i ffe rent l i fe SCIENCE, UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID ATKINSON (UNIVERSITY indices (fertilization success, developmental time, length at A12.52 SEDIMENT EXPOSURE TO UV stages of D. magna (neonates a nd adu lt s) u si ng lead e x posu res i n hatc h), physiolog y ( hea r t rate, ox yge n con su mpt ion rate ( MO )), OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), MICHAEL T BURROWS 2 FILTERS: IMPACT ON SURVIVAL, normoxia and hypoxia. Chronic (21 d) lead bioassays were also (SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION OF MARINE SCIENCE, UNITED cellular responses (anaerobic enzymes, heat shock proteins) and HACHING SUCCESS, CARDIAC per for med i n nor mox ia a nd hy pox ia to assess va r ious sublet ha l KINGDOM), ANDREW G HIRST (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, behavior (movement of embryos, swimming activity of larvae) were endpoints, including reproductive output, Hb concentrations, lead determined at treatment conditions. In addition, heart rates and MO UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID W POND (UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING, 2 FREQUENCY AND AEROBIC METABOLIC bioaccumulation and oxygen consumption rates. UNITED KINGDOM) were also measured during an acute thermal ramping to determine SCOPE IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) c r it ica l ma x i ma of e mbr yos. Resu lt s a re d i sc u ssed w it h rega rd s to EMBRYO LARVAL STAGE [email protected] the environmental setting during time of hatching. In contrast to herring that hatched in spring, offspring from the autumn population A12.48 DIETARY ANTIOXIDANT Current, hotly-debated ecophysiological theory predicts climate encou nte r ha rsh w i nte r cond it ion s du r i ng t he fi rst mont h s of l i fe THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION SUPPLEMENTATION PROMOTES GROWTH warming will cause ectotherms such as fish and invertebrates a nd may t hu s be more robu st to e x t reme env i ron menta l cond it ion s. to ‘shrink’, that is reach a smaller maximum body size. This has JULIE LUCAS (OCEANOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY OF BANYULS SUR IN SENEGALESE SOLE POST-LARVAE implications for ecosystem functioning, ecological interactions MER - SORBONNE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE), PHILIPPE LEBARON a nd fi she r y a nd aquac u lt u re y ield s. T he mag n it ude of t h i s post u lated (OCEANOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY OF BANYULS SUR MER - THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION e ffec t i s u n k now n , a nd pred ic t ion s va r y w i ld ly. Ecolog ica l su r vey SORBONNE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE) data on ectotherm size ranges over recent climate warming has MARIA J XAVIER (ICBAS CCMAR CIIMAR SPAROS LDA, numerous confounding factors, for example the tendency of fisheries [email protected] PORTUGAL), SOFIA ENGROLA (CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DO MAR to remove larger individuals, and so temperature-controlled growth U V-filters are widely used in many personal care products such CCMAR, PORTUGAL), LUÍS EC CONCEIÇÃO (SPAROS LDA, e x pe r i ment s a re t he idea l way to st udy t h i s e ffec t. Howeve r, pr i ma r y as sunscreen and cosmetics to protect from U V ir rad iation. Due PORTUGAL), MANUEL MANCHADO (IFAPA CENTRO EL TORUÑO, data on g row t h of la rge r ec tot he r m s i n d i ffe rent tempe rat u res i s to their hydrophobic and persistent properties, UV-filters have SPAIN), CARLOS CARBALLO (IFAPA CENTRO EL TORUÑO, SPAIN), lac k i ng, w it h t he major it y of e x i st i ng data set s f rom relat ively sma l l a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Nevertheless, little RENATA GONÇALVES (CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DO MAR CCMAR, species such as zooplankton, zebrafish, and benthic invertebrates. infor mat ion is available on t hei r ecotox icity on fish physiolog y. PORTUGAL), RITA COLEN (CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DO MAR CCMAR, Here we present the first data from long term (>1 year) experiments I n aquat ic ecosystem s, fi sh eggs cou ld be d i rec t ly e x posed to U V- PORTUGAL), VERA FIGUEIREDO (INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS on the marine stickleback Spinachia spinachia. T h i s fi sh i s a sha l low fi lte rs t h roug h contac t w it h conta m i nated sed i me nt a nd /or by t hei r BIOMÉDICAS DE ABEL SALAZAR ICBAS, PORTUGAL), LUÍSA water, temperate species distributed around the N Atlantic, however presence in the water phase. The aim of this study was to investigate MP VALENTE (CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINAR DE INVESTIGAÇÃO it g rows rapid ly i n compa r i son to ot he r te mpe rate fi sh , reac h i ng it s the individual toxicity of 11 UV-filters in zebrafishDanio rerio. Fish MARINHA E AMBIENTAL CIIMAR, PORTUGAL) relatively large adult size (15cm, 12g) in less than a year. Individuals eggs were exposed to single UV-filter by contact with contaminated were reared from larvae, and some specimens caught in the wild sed i ment du r i ng 9 6h at a concent rat ion of 10 μ g /g . I n a fi rst t i me, [email protected] a s juve n i les, a nd ra i sed i n elevated te mpe rat u res (10,12 ,14°C) a nd survival and hatching success were estimated. Then, larvae cardiac growth tracked over the course of a year. In addition, metabolic rates Somatic growth is a balance between protein synthesis and frequency and aerobic metabolic scope were measured on larval were determined via intermittent-flow respirometry. These data degradation that it is largely influenced by nutritional clues. stage. Te n days su r v iva l wa s not a ffec ted by a ny of t he 11 U V-fi lte rs. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 198 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 199

On the opposite, it was observed that Octocrylene reduced hatching significant decrease (p<0.05) in GSH levels. The MT concentrations success at 4dpf. Cardiac frequency was reduced by Benzophenone A12.54 THE EFFECT OF a lso d i m i n i shed i n la r vae f rom t he 125 µ g Cu / L a nd M i x 2 g roups A12.57 A NOVEL PHYSIOLOGICAL and increased by Ethylexylsalicylate in 5 dpf-larvae. Preliminary NEONICOTINOID PESTICIDES ON (p<0.05). In turn, the histological analysis revealed disruption of MECHANISM UNDERLYING STRESS- results regarding aerobic metabolic scope suggest that it may not be retina, epithelial detachment and cellular death in brain of MPs, impaired by Benzophenone. THE INSECT CLOCK AND SLEEP Cu and Mix exposed larvae. In most of the groups, however, the INDUCED ANOREXIA IN FISH h i stopat holog ica l c ha nges we re not pronou nced , e xcept for 6 0 µ g THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Cu / L a nd M i x 2 g roups, whe re a sig n i fica nt i nc rea se of epit hel ia l WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION detachment was observed. The imbalance of GSH and MT suggests A12.53 THERMAL TOLERANCE NOT KIAH TASMAN (KIAH TASMAN, UNITED KINGDOM), DR JAMES that high Cu concentrations, independently of the MPs presence, MAREN HØYLAND (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, AFFECTED BY SALINITY IN ZEBRAFISH HODGE (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) cause a negative effect on reducing capacity and metal homeostasis. NORWAY), ØYVIND ØVERLI (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF Since MT are involved in protection of neurons, their inhibition may LIFE SCIENCES, NORWAY), MARCO A VINDAS (NORWEGIAN (DANIO RERIO) [email protected] be related with the histopathological lesions observed, although UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, NORWAY), KAROLINE S f u r t he r st ud ies a re requ i red to con fi r m t h i s. NØRSTRUD (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY), GÖRAN E NILSSON Neonicotinoid pesticides are the most commonly used insecticides WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY), IDA B JOHANSEN in the world. Sublethal, field relevant doses can cause a host of (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, NORWAY) behavioural effects on non-target species like pollinators. The EIRIK R ÅSHEIM (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND potential effect of these pesticides on the body clock and sleep TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), ANNA H ANDREASSEN (NORWEGIAN [email protected] was explored in the buff-tailed bumblebee and fruit flies. Potential A12.56 ANTIOXIDANTE DEFENCES AND UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), modes of action for the behavioural changes observed were then LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY The natural history of migratory salmonid fish include periods of RACHAEL MORGAN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND tested in fruit flies. Two common neonicotinoids were found to a nore x ia,e.g. du r i ng st ress a nd spaw n i ng m ig rat ion when feed i nta ke TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), MIREIA SILVESTRE (UNIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER BIVALVE CORBICULA have significant effects on the behavioural rhythmicity and ha s pote nt ia l ma ladapt ive e ffec t s. A com mon feat u re for a l l of t hese OF BARCELONA, SPAIN), FREDRIK JUTFELT (NORWEGIAN FLUMINEA (BIVALVIA, CORBICULIDEA) sleep architecture of both insects. The role of different nicotinic phe nome na i s elevated produc t ion of t he ste roid “st ress hor mone” UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY) acetyl choline receptor subunits in mediating this response and EXPOSED TO MICROPLASTICS, CADMIUM cortisol. Glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol or corticosterone) are su scept ibi l it y to t he d r ug wa s t he n e x plored , a s wa s t he e ffec t of k now n to have ore x igen ic e ffec t s i n ma m ma ls. L ite rat u re on g roup - [email protected] AND THEIR MIXTURES neon icot i noid s on t he day-n ig ht d i ffe rences i n t he a rbor i sat ion a nd rea red fi sh howeve r conc lude t hat cor t i sol reduces feed i nta ke a nd In fish, upper thermal tolerance varies between species and electrical state of the clock neurons in flies. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION t herefore suppresses appet ite, i.e. by defi n it ion t he mot ivat ion to individuals, but the underlying mechanisms explaining this eat. Housing individual rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in va r iat ion rema i n s u n ident i fied . St udy i ng how va r iat ion i n t he r ma l SUSANA PARRA (CENTRE FOR THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY observable aquaria allowed us to show that stress and exogenous tolerance is affected by other environmental stressors could give OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (CITAB) cortisol reduced feed intake without affecting appetiteper se, as during clues to these underlying mechanisms, as well as valuable insights A12.55 ANTIOXIDANT AND METAL UNIVER, PORTUGAL), LUÍS M FÉLIX (INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH these treatments vigorous, but failed, attempts to ingest food were on con sequences of c l i mate c ha nge. E x pe r i ment s on t he i nte rac t ion HOMEOSTASIS IMBALANCE IN AND INNOVATION IN HEALTH LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE observed. Instead, feed intake was reduced by a previously unreported between thermal tolerance and environmental salinity have ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EARLY IBMC UTAD, PORTUGAL), DÉRCIA SANTOS (CENTRE FOR THE mec ha n i sm ; physica l remodel l i ng of t he i ngest ive - d igest ive system . g ive n cont ra st i ng resu lt s ac ross d i ffe re nt spec ies. Nonet heless, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND We describe a prevalent behaviour where fish ejected food pellets after a link between osmoregulation and thermal tolerance has been LIFE STAGES CO-EXPOSED TO BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (CITAB) UTAD, PORTUGAL), JESÚS repeated, vigorous attempts at ingesting them. Moreover, circulating suggested, especially during osmoregulatory transitions. In this MICROPLASTICS AND COPPER GAGO (3 INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFÍA (IEO), and hypothalamic levels of common appetite-regulating factors were experiment, we tested how different levels of environmental PORTUGAL), SIMONE VARANDAS (CENTRE FOR THE RESEARCH incompatible with a reduction in appetite. Instead, we found that salinity affects acute thermal tolerance in zebrafish (Danio rerio), cortisol administration reduced actual physical stomach volumes, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION AND TECHNOLOGY OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL a freshwater cyprinid known to be tolerant to high temperatures. SCIENCES (CITAB) UTAD, PORTUGAL), SANDRA M MONTEIRO prior to a reduction in feed intake took place. We speculate that these Cr it ical t her mal ma x imu m was tested af ter eit her 2 h or 10 days phenomena allow cortisol to reduce feed intake for example during DÉRCIA C SANTOS (CENTRE FOR THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (CENTRE FOR THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF AGRO- at salinities ranging from 0 to 5ppt. The highest salinities were spaw n i ng m ig rat ion w it hout a ffec t i ng appet ite -reg u lat i ng fac tors OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CITAB ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (CITAB) 10 times higher than normal holding conditions and 50 times that are critically important for other activities and impulses, such UTAD, PORTUGAL), LUÍS M FÉLIX (INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH UTAD, PORTUGAL) higher than what we have observed in their natural habitats. We as reproduction and territorial defense. AND INNOVATION IN HEALTH LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE observed decreased swimming activity and appetite at the highest IBMC CITAB UTAD, PORTUGAL), SUSANA PARRA (CENTRE FOR [email protected] sa l i n it ies. Su r pr i si ng ly, sa l i n it y d id not sig n i fica nt ly a ffec t t hei r THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL c r it ica l t he r ma l ma x i mu m . W h i lst t h i s cont rad ic t s ot he r st ud ies Microplastics (MPs) are worldwide contaminants, able to sorb AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CITAB UTAD, PORTUGAL), ANA where such an effect was found, it is also the first study done on c he m ica l conta m i na nt s, suc h a s heav y meta l s. I n a m i x t u re conte x t, LUZIO (CENTRE FOR THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF AGRO- A12.58 THE EFFECTS OF TRAWLING a strictly freshwater species. Other euryhaline species can to a tox icolog ica l i nte rac t ion s may occ u r a nd c ha nge t he t y pe a nd /or t he ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CITAB UTAD, AND ANGLING ON HARVEST-ASSOCIATED g reate r e x tent c ha nge t hei r osmoreg u lator y phenot y pe, a l low i ng mag n it ude of t he tox ic e ffec t s. T hu s, t he ma i n a i m of t h i s work wa s to PORTUGAL), JUAN BELLAS (CENTRO OCEANOGRÁFICO DE VIGO them to be tested at more extreme salinities. In the light of earlier evaluate the effects of exposure to MPs, cadmium and their mixtures SELECTION ON ECOLOGICAL NICHE INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFÍA IEO, SPAIN), SANDRA e x pe r i me nt s, ou r st udy suggest s t hat a g reate r c ha nge i n sa l i n it y or in Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea. For t h i s, biva lves we re e x posed to AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE IN M MONTEIRO (CENTRE FOR THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF osmoreg u lator y phe not y pe it sel f may be necessa r y to sig n i fica nt ly si x e x pe r i menta l cond it ion s, i n t r ipl icate (n = 8): cont rol, M Ps (0.7 mg AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CITAB UTAD, ATLANTIC COD affect thermal tolerance. MPs/L), cadmium (Cd, 10 µg Cd/L and 15 µg Cd/L), and their mixtures PORTUGAL) ( M i x-10 µ g Cd / L a nd M i x-15 µ g Cd / L), du r i ng a 21- day pe r iod . T he THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), [email protected] glutathione-S-transferases (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) JACK HOLLINS (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging threat to aquatic organisms. were then determined in gill, digestive gland and gonad. The results BARBARA KOECK (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), It has been reported that MPs can sorb pollutants from surrounding of t h i s st udy show t he i nduc t ion of ox idat ive st ress respon se a nd JASON NEWTON (SCOTTISH UNIVERSITIES ENVIRONMENTAL wate rs; howeve r, on ly recent ly t he ecolog ica l a nd biolog ica l i mpac t s anaerobic metabolism in cadmium exposed animals. However, RESEARCH CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), CLIVE TRUEMAN of MPs have been acknowledged. In this study, the toxicological e x posu re to t he m i x t u res produced m i nor e ffec t s i n ac t iv it y of C AT (NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), e ffec t s of M Ps a nd coppe r (Cu), a lone a nd i n m i x t u re, we re a ssessed a nd L DH w it h i n a l l orga n s, w it h a n approx i mat ion to cont rol a nd PETER SKOV (DANISH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), in zebrafish exposed, from 2–96 hours post-fertilization (hpf), to M Ps g roups. Si m i la r resu lt s we re obse r ved i n SOD ac t iv it y of g i l l JUNITA KARLSEN (DANISH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), M Ps (2 mg / L), t h ree concent rat ion s of Cu (15, 6 0, 125 µ g / L) a nd to and digestive gland and in gonad GST activity. The GST activity SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) t hei r m i x t u res ( M i x1, M Ps+15 µ g Cu / L; M i x 2 , M Ps+6 0 µ g Cu / L; M i x 3, in the gill, evidenced an hormetic effect of cadmium through a M Ps+125 µ g Cu / L). At 9 6 hpf, mor ta l it y, reduced g lutat h ione(GSH ) U-shaped dose respon se profi le. T he resu lt s prov ide new i n sig ht s [email protected] and metallothionein(MT) levels, and histopathological lesions for u nvei l i ng t he biolog ic e ffec t s of Cd , M Ps a nd t hei r m i x t u res on were evaluated. Survival reduced after 24 hpf (p<0.05) in the Corbicula fluminea, suggesting that the presence of MPs damper the There is increasing interest in the role of intraspecific variation in exposed groups. The concentration of 125 µg Cu/L induced a Cd toxicity, possible by reducing its bioavailability. physiolog ica l t ra it s i n dete r m i n i ng capt u re v u l ne rabi l it y of fi sh to fishing gears. Fishing gears can be broadly categorised into ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 200 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 201

active and passive ty pes that may select on different aspects of of evolution, populations in the Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman experiments are being conducted to explore the links between i nd iv idua l physiolog y or be hav iou r. For e xa mple, a fi sh w it h h ig h A12.60 IN VIVO AND IN VITRO provide a system to explore adaptation to elevated temperatures. environmental pressure, driving evolutionary changes, phenotypic energy demand may be more likely to investigate a potential food APPROACHES TO UNDERSTAND THE Previous research in temperate systems has demonstrated that and functional consequences in these two populations at the source, and so be more susceptible to capture by passive baited gears. t he k i nemat ics of sw i m m i ng fi shes is a ltered by ac ute i nc reases sout he r n most e x t re me of t he spec ies’ d i st r ibut ion . Using a combination of stable isotope analysis and metabolic enzyme DRIVERS OF CARBONATE MINERAL in temperature. However, the potential for long-term adaptation assays, we compare the physiological phenotype and ecological PRODUCTION IN THE MARINE FISH of swimming kinematics to elevated temperatures is unresolved. niche of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught in active and passive INTESTINE He re, we i nvest igate t he sw i m m i ng e ffic ie nc y of t wo model spec ies gears targeting the same population off northern Denmark. (Lutjanus ehrenbergii and Scolopsis ghanam) from populations within A12.63 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE Spec i fica l ly, we i nvest igated t he capac it y for d i ffe re nt gea r t y pes and outside of the Arabian Gulf by assessing their relationship THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION ON GROWTH POTENTIAL OF NORTH to select on aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacities (lactate between swimming kinematics and forward velocity, through dehyd rogena se, c it rate sy nt ha se, COX ), field metabol ic rates (otol it h a na lysi s of t hei r St rou ha l nu mbe r. Fi sh we re acc l i mated to 31. 5°C ATLANTIC COD ALEX BERRY (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), C), and ecological niches of a commercially important species in a and recorded swimming in a flume across a range of velocities. MICHAEL SALTER (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), real fisheries scenario. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions S. ghanam from within the Arabian Gulf displayed an elevated tail- WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION CHRIS PERRY (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), ROD of fi n c l ips i nd icate d i ffe re nces i n t he ecolog ica l n ic he occ upied by beat frequency compared to individuals from outside of the Arabian WILSON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) rod and reel captured versus trawled fish, with only ~35% overlap Gulf, but maintained their Strouhal number by reducing tail-beat NADEZHDA SOKOLOVA (ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE, GERMANY) between the two groups. Total occupied niche space, as determined amplitude. Conversely, populations of L. ehrenbergii from within the [email protected] using 2D Bayesian Ellipses, is larger in trawl caught than rod and reel Arabian Gulf showed a significantly lower tail-beat amplitude but [email protected] caught cod, driven primarily by a greater range of d13C values in Fish represent a significant contribution to marine calcium no d i ffe rence i n f requenc y, wh ic h fac i l itated a reduc t ion i n St rou ha l Various studies show that climate change dramatically impacts trawl caught fish. Trawled fish also had elevated d15N compared to carbonate production. However, many areas relating to carbonate number compared to individuals from outside of the Arabian Gulf. marine ecosystems (Messmer et al., 2016). Rising temperatures rod and reel caught fish. These isotopic differences reflect differences production, as well as the mineral products themselves, are poorly T hese c ha nges i n sw i m m i ng k i nemat ics suggest t hat fi sh w it h i n t he affect individual marine organisms, as well as the abundance and in trophic and spatial ecology and suggest different fishing gears may understood. Elevated environmental CO is generally thought Arabian Gulf have adapted their kinematics to maintain or increase 2 d i st r ibut ion of spec ies i n t he e nv i ron me nt ( Poe r t ne r a nd K nu st, capt u re i nd iv idua l s w it h va st ly d i ffe re nt phe not y pes. to negatively impact calcification due to decreased carbonate ion swimming performance under thermal stress. 2007; McKenzie et al., 2016). Our study shows how North Atlantic (CO 2- ) concentration in seawater, as has been observed in taxa 3 cod respond to a warming climate. We assessed North Atlantic such as corals, coccolithophores and foraminifera. In contrast, cod ma x i mu m g row t h pote nt ia l u si ng h ig h ly-resolved model led preliminary studies have shown that elevated CO increases 2 ocean temperature data and growth model. The growth model was ca rbonate produc t ion i n fi sh , i n add it ion to elevated te mpe rat u re, A12.59 OPTIMISING WATER CHEMISTRY A12.62 IN SEARCH OF PERFORMANCE desig ned by But z i n a nd Poe r t ne r (2017 ) ba sed on obse r vat iona l data, further increasing carbonate production. This means that with FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPINY CONSEQUENCES OF MORPHOLOGY that represent weight-temperature relationships (Bjoernsson and t he projec ted e ffec t s of c l i mate c ha nge, fi sh w i l l become eve r more Steinarsson, 2002; Bjoernsson et al., 2007; Fischer, 2003). Regional LOBSTER WITHIN AQUACULTURE important producers of oceanic forms of carbonate and it is vital to DIFFERENCES IN GALAXIAS MACULATUS, analyses performed to validate model behaviour and to compare better understand the underlying physiology of this process. This A NATIVE FISH IN SOUTHERNMOST modelled response in growth rates to observational data. We WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION study aims to further our understanding of the environmental PATAGONIA analyzed changes in growth potential during Preindustrial, late fac tors t hat have a c r uc ia l i n fluence on g ut ca rbonate produc t ion 20 t h a nd t he beg i n n i ng of t he 21st ce nt u r ies. T he resu lt s con fi r m ALEX BERRY (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), by ma r i ne fi sh . I n v ivo lab e x pe r i ment s u si ng lu mpfi sh (Cyclopterus THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION a response of NA cod to future warming showing the increases of ROB ELLIS (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), lumpus) are exploring the role of temperature (from 2 to 14 °C, weights-at-age in the polar and subpolar regions and decline at the ROD WILSON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) encompassing their natural range) in regulating the rate of carbonate CHRISTEL LEFRANCOIS (LIENSS- UNIV. LA ROCHELLE, southern margin of the NA cod habitat. Further investigations have production and the nature of the precipitates produced (using FTIR, FRANCE), QUENTIN TERNON (LIENSS- UNIV. LA ROCHELLE, the potential to develop an ecophysiological approach that can be [email protected] SE M-E DS a nd a na ly t ica l c hem i st r y). I n add it ion , a n i n v it ro approac h FRANCE), JAVIER ROJO (CADIC-CONICET, ARGENTINA), used for strategic ecosystem assessments on longer time scales. i s bei ng u sed to st udy t he i norga n ic a nd orga n ic fac tors a ffec t i ng Spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) i s a nat ive spec ies to U K wate rs MAXIMILIANO RUBEL (CADIC-CONICET, ARGENTINA), CLAUDIA carbonate crystal growth in scenarios that mimic the chemistry and classified as “vulnerable”, with a commercial value of up to BOY (CADIC-CONICET, ARGENTINA) fou nd i n t he ma r i ne fi sh i ntest i ne. E x pa nd i ng data for ca rbonate $90/kg. While populations appear to be recovering in UK waters, production to lower temperatures than previously studied will allow increasing fishing pressure could cause a repeat of the 90% crash [email protected] 2 tota l ca rbonate produc t ion by fi sh to be more acc u rately est i mated . A12.64 CAN WE USE MO AND PCRIT i n t he U K popu lat ion obse r ved i n t he 1970 s. A combi nat ion of t hese It will also increase our understanding of latitudinal variability of Understanding the mechanisms involved in the organisms AS TOOLS TO PREDICT INDIVIDUAL fac tors ma kes spi ny lobste r e x t re mely appea l i ng for aquac u lt u re this process. adaptation to their environment is a challenging question in development i n t he U K . T he projec t a i m s to eluc idate t he e ffec t s of TOLERANCE TO HYPOXIA AND ACUTE ecolog y a nd evolut iona r y biolog y. T he fi rst prel i m i na r y resu lt s of wate r c he m i st r y on t he developme nt of juve n i le spi ny lobste r, by WARMING? a broad study regarding functional and energetic consequences monitoring parameters including acid-base physiology, metabolic of morphometric differences are presented. The native fish rate, feeding rate, moulting success and survival. In particular, Galaxias maculatus shows t wo popu lat ions: A r royo Neg ro (A N, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION we are measuring ion and acid-base fluxes pre- and post-moult to A12.61 ADAPTATION OF SWIMMING diadromous population) and Laguna Negra (LN, landlocked) both determine the limiting factors for rapid post-moult calcification KINEMATICS IN THE WORLD’S WARMEST in the Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego. Individuals from AN FELIPE ROCCO BLASCO (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS, (e.g. Ca2+ , alkalinity, pH, CO ), which is critical for hardening of 2 REEF SYSTEM and LN are characterized by a thinner/elongated and a robust/ BRAZIL), EDWIN W TAYLOR (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, mout hpa r t s a nd e xoskeleton , resu mpt ion of feed i ng, a nd prov id i ng shorter caudal peduncle respectively, phenotype being involved UNITED KINGDOM), CLÉO A COSTA LEITE (FEDERAL UNIVERSITY defence against predation/cannibalism. We previously showed for WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION in locomotor propulsion. The fast/slow muscle fibers ratio and OF SÃO CARLOS, BRAZIL), FRANCISCO T RANTIN (FEDERAL European lobster (Homarus gammarus) that seawater alkalinity swimming/metabolic performances were investigated in these UNIVERSITY OF SÃO CARLOS, BRAZIL), DAVID J MCKENZIE can be a limiting factor for post-moult calcification (Middlemisset DANIEL M RIPLEY (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, populations. Histological sections of caudal peduncle were made (CNRS, FRANCE) al., 2016) with the rate of bicarbonate uptake following Michaelis- UNITED KINGDOM), JACOB L JOHANSEN (UNIVERSITY OF and stained with Hematoxilin-Eosin (n=20 individuals/population). Menten kinetics. We will assess the impact of seawater chemistry HAWAII, UNITED STATES), ROBERT NUDDS (THE UNIVERSITY The fast/slow fibers areas were measured, and ratio between them [email protected] variables most relevant to calcification (especially Ca2+ , alkalinity OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), HOLLY A SHIELS (THE was calculated. Challenging swimming experiments coupled to and CO ). Identifying optimal conditions for spiny lobster will O ngoi ng g loba l c ha nge i s hav i ng major i mpac t s on wate r bod ies, 2 UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN BURT ox yge n con su mpt ion mea su re me nt s we re ca r r ied out i n sw i m m i ng increase the likelihood of successfully culturing this species in a mongst wh ic h event s of hy pox ia a nd e x t reme wa r m i ng. We a re (NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) respi rometers (275 m L) on 20 i nd iv idua ls f rom eac h popu lat ion. aquac u lt u re, ma x i m i se it s g row t h e ffic ienc y, a nd cont r ibute to w i ld investigating individual variation in tolerance of these stressors The experiments were conducted under summer experimental popu lat ion reple n i sh me nt v ia stoc k e n ha nce me nt . T h i s projec t a l so in fish species, using respirometry techniques. In fishes, tolerance [email protected] cond it ion s (10 °C , 17 h dayl ig ht). A h ig he r rat io of fa st /slow fibe rs aims to provide fundamental biological information relevant to of acute warming is typically measured with the critical thermal was found for AN than LN with mean values. The active metabolic predicting the impact of climate change on this species. Coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf are exposed to some of maximum (CT ) protocol, which involves a constant rate of rate (A M R) wa s sig n i fica nt ly h ig he r i n A N t ha n i n L N. O n t he ot he r max the world’s most extreme ocean temperatures, ranging annually warming (e.g 1) side the critical swimming speed (Ucrit, 2.66±0.36 total length/s) f rom 18 -36 °C . T he nea rby Gu l f of O ma n e x pe r iences more ben ig n d id n’t d i ffe r bet ween popu lat ion s. O t he r d i ffe rences may reside on cond it ion s, w it h a n nua l te mpe rat u res ra ng i ng f rom 22-32 °C , si m i la r other aspects such us tail beat frequency and/or amplitude. More to other coral reefs worldwide. Separated by several thousand years ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 202 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 203

of the osmoregulatory tissues to regulate internal ions is improved, exploring the repeatability of behaviour in wild zebrafish as well as A12.65 POTENTIAL MECHANISMS FOR or more energy is available for osmoregulation following exercise. A12.68 PLANARIANS AS A MODEL unexplained within-individual variance (heterogeneous residuals). FISHERIES-INDUCED SELECTION ON Gill Na+ K+ -AT Pa se ac t iv it y sig n i fica nt ly i nc rea sed i n respon se to SYSTEM FOR QUANTIFYING METABOLIC Hete rogeneou s residua ls seem to be a com mon ‘stat i st ica l i ssue’ a nd bot h su sta i ned a nd bu rst sw i m m i ng c ha l le nges by ~20 %, wh i le a re not wel l i nteg rated i nto evolut iona r y t heor y. We spec i fica l ly SOCIABILITY IN A SIMULATED FISHERY H+ -ATPase activity was only elevated following burst swimming. DIFFERENCES IN REPRODUCTIVE MODES tested whether the heterogeneous residuals were caused by (1) a Gill Na+ K+ -ATPase isoform α1a was significantly increased in non-linear reaction norm (i.e., non-linear plasticity), (2) passive WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION response to exercise. In a follow-up study aimed to determine if THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION plasticity where physical processes like temperature create exercise improved salinity acclimation, rainbow trout were swum phenotypic variation, or (3) organismal error, where the individual TOBY PR MILLER (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), at 3.0 BL/s for 3 days and then allowed to acclimate to full strength MELISSA A LEWALLEN (UNITED STATES), WARREN W BURGGREN is incor rectly assessing the ext reme ends of the env iron mental AMELIE CRESPEL (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED seawater for 2 days. Salinity tolerance indicators were measured (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES) factor (i.e., temperature). An organismal error suggests that at KINGDOM), SHAUN S KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, to a ssess osmoreg u lator y success. T he resu lt s of t h i s st udy e x pa nd te mpe rat u res out side of a spec i fic ra nge, t he be hav iou r level va r ies UNITED KINGDOM) our understanding of how fish can respond to multiple simultaneous [email protected] considerably, giving rise to ‘limited plasticity’. Individuals are no stressors and the interactions between exercise and whole body ion longer able to ex press t hei r opt i ma l level of a behav iou r, lead i ng Measurement of metabolic rate quantifies energetic investment [email protected] and water balance mechanisms. to possibly harmful inconsistent behaviour. Thus, ectothermic of reproduction, genetics, and environment, providing a greater orga n i sm s may be able to e x press t he desi red level of a be hav iou r Human exploitation of fish species is both widespread and intensive, understanding of whole organismal physiology. Planarians are free- du r i ng fluc t uat ion s i n t he env i ron menta l tempe rat u re a s long a s impacting upon population abundance in natural ecosystems. In l iv i ng aquat ic flat wor m s t hat ca n reproduce a se x ua l ly, se x ua l ly, or t he te mpe rat u re i s w it h i n a spec i fic ra nge. Hete roge neou s residua l s add it ion to a reduc t ion i n bioma ss of fi sh w it h i n a n ecosyste m , h ig h ly both, dependent upon species, and are a simple, yet attractive model may therefore represent biologically interesting variation that exploitative fishing can potentially override natural selection A12.67 NITROGENOUS WASTE for examining metabolic cost of sexual versus asexual reproduction, should be incorporated into our models rather than being treated as through a process known as fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). PRODUCTION IN GREY TIGER and development and maintenance of reproductive structures. We uninteresting statistical ‘noise’. Fishing gear could be selective with respect to a range of phenotypic SALAMANDER (AMBYSTOMA TIGRINUM) dete r m i ned metabol ic rates a s a f u nc t ion of te mpe rat u re, ta xon , traits and potentially the genetic basis by which those traits are TADPOLES INHABITING SALINE age, feeding, regeneration, and reproductive mode via oxygen dete r m i ned . We e xa m i ned t he selec t ive pote nt ia l of ac t ive fi sh i ng consumption (VO2 ), using high throughput closed respirometry practices and also the plastic changes in phenotype that may be WETLANDS IN SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA in asexually reproducing (asexuals) Schmidtea mediterranea, and caused by a reduction in population density due to fishing. Zebrafish Girardia dorotocephala a nd se x ua l ly reproduc i ng (se x ua l s) Schmidtea A12.70 MEMBRANE AND CALCIUM f rom 36 fa m i l ies we re ra i sed at t wo de n sit ies (nor ma l: 6 fi sh / L a nd WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION mediterranea over a range of 13°-28°C, before, during, and after CLOCKS CONTRIBUTE EQUALLY TO low : 3 fi sh / L). T hese i nd iv idua ls we re pa ssed t h roug h a n i nd iv idua l feeding, and over 22 days of regeneration. VO wa s sig n i fica nt ly 2 THERMALLY ROBUST PACEMAKER sociability assay, and then through a trawling simulation, allowing JASON S BYSTRIANSKY (DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), greater in sexual S. mediterranea between 13° to 23°C and two MECHANISM IN ZEBRAFISH quantifiable measures of social behaviour and vulnerability to KIMBERLY BOYLE (DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), t i mes g reate r at 18°C i n se x ua l ly mat u re adu lt s ove r hatc h l i ngs. harvest. Population density had no effect on sociability while IAIN D PHILLIPS (SASKATCHEWAN WATER SECURITY AGENCY, After 22 days of regeneration, when most tissues have regenerated (DANIO RERIO) there was a significant positive relationship between sociability CANADA), JOSEPH R MILANOVICH (LOYOLA UNIVERSITY, ot he r t ha n gonad s i n se x ua l s, VO 2 d id not d i ffe r bet wee n st ra i n s. and vulnerability to trawling (p<0.05). Our results indicate that UNITED STATES) The presence of mature gonads in non-regenerating sexuals, and THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION soc iabi l it y ca n i n flue nce v u l ne rabi l it y to ha r vest wh i le re ma i n i ng absence of mat u re gonad s i n regene rat i ng se x ua ls a nd a se x ua ls robust to changes in population density. Sociability is also at least [email protected] were confirmed with whole mount DAPI staining. VO2 d id not d i ffe r JAMES L MARCHANT (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, partially heritable suggesting that any selection by fishing could bet ween non-regene rat i ng a se x ua ls, se x ua l hatc h l i ngs, a nd se x ua l CANADA), ANTHONY P FARRELL (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH Populations of grey tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) have cause evolutionary change in this trait. Further work will use juveniles. VO was significantly greater in sexualS. mediterranea at COLUMBIA, CANADA) been observed living in saline wetlands in the prairie pothole region 2 qua nt itat ive ge net ics a nd t ra n s-ge ne rat iona l st ud ies to con fi r m 24 h prior, 1 day, and 3 days post-feeding. These data suggest a higher of Saskatchewan, Canada. To survive in elevated salinity these whether FIE is taking place. metabol ic cost i n mat u re se x ua l ly reproduc i ng pla na r ia, a nd i nd icate [email protected] salamanders must have evolved mechanisms to deal with this that this model can be useful in exploring the cost of sex. osmot ic c ha l le nge. Ty pica l ly juve n i le a mph ibia n s a re on ly fou nd Fish thermal tolerance is of growing concern due to climate change. in freshwater and produce ammonia as their primary nitrogenous Understanding the mechanisms underlying thermal performance waste. In rare cases, where an amphibian species is known to tolerate of the heart is vital for predicting how animals will respond to climate A12.66 EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON saline habitats there is often a switch in the domiant nitrogenous c ha nge. He re we show t hat i n zebra fi sh (1) ca rd iac pace ma ke r rate GILL IONOREGULATORY MECHANISMS wa ste produc t to u rea. T h i s st udy e xa m i ned t he capac it y of t ige r A12.69 BEHAVIOURAL PLASTICITY AND does not respond to thermal acclimation mechanisms and (2) that IN RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS salamader tadpoles produce urea. A total of eight potholes were REPEATABILITY ACROSS A 12°C RANGE heart rate is dependent upon two pacemaking mechanisms – the a ssessed w it h sa l i n it ies ra ng i ng f rom 0 to ~ 2 . 2 ppt. Sa la ma nde r calcium and the membrane clock. Maximum heart rate (f ) was MYKISS) IN WILD ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) Hmax tadpoles were found in all ponds surveyed and appeared to be heathy i nduced by i nt rape r itonea l i njec t ion s of at ropi ne a nd i soprote re nol. w it h robu st popu lat ion s i r rega rd less of wate r sa l i n it y. E xc ret ion ECG record i ngs were ta ken f rom fi sh accl i mated to 18°C , 23°C or WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION t r ia l s we re pe r for med on ~10 i nd iv idua l s f rom eac h pond to dete r m i ne 28°C during an acute warming experiment from 18°C until signs of rates of u rea, a m mon ia a nd tota l n it rogen e xc ret ion . I nte rest i ng ly, ca rd iac fa i lu re (» 4 0 °C). Acc l i mat ion had no e ffec t on ma x i mu m hea r t METTE H FINNØEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE GEENA E FRITZMANN (DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), most tadpoles were found to produce urea. Rates of urea-N were rate regardless of acute test temperature. Membrane and calcium AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), MARI FJELLDAL (NORWEGIAN MATTINA M ALONGE (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, higher than ammonia-N for many individuals. Urea, ammonia clock mechanisms were tested for their relative contributions UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), ANNA UNITED STATES), PETER MOCHEL (DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, UNITED a nd tota l n it roge n e xc ret ion rates we re si m i la r whe n compa r i ng to pacemaking under the same thermal challenge by blocking ANDREASSEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND STATES), EYAD BITTAR (DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), bet wee n i nd iv idua l s f rom d i ffe re nt sa l i n it ies. L ive r c it rate sy nt ha se HC N c ha n nels (zatebrad i ne) or r ya nod i ne receptors a nd SE RC A TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), RACHAEL L MORGAN (NORWEGIAN JASON S BYSTRIANSKY (DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) activity was not different between idividuals collected from each pumps (ryanodine and thapsigargin). f was reduced by around UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), YIMEN Hmax pond suggest i ng t i ssue spec i fic metabol ic rate wa s a lso not a ffec ted 40% in either case, regardless of acute temperature. Zatebradine ARAYA-AJOY (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND [email protected] by salinity. The results of this study help us better understand the significantly reduced f at all test temperatures for 18-, TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), FREDRIK W JUTFELT (NORWEGIAN Hmax basic physiology of this population of tiger salamander and my 23°C- a nd 28 °C-acc l i mated fi sh .Compa red w it h t he zatebrad i ne Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a n at h let ic fish species UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), have implications for the conservation of this species in this rather treatments, ryanodine and thapsigargin consistently reduced that commonly migrate long distances often against forceful JONATHAN WRIGHT (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND unique habitat. f to a significantly lesser degree in 28°C-acclimated fish and a c u r re nt s. D u r i ng e xe rc i se, t rout a re k now n to mod i f y t hei r g i l l s to TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY) HMax significantly lesser degree in 18°C-acclimated fish except at 18°C i mprove ox ygen upta ke, but t h is c ha nge has been show n to lead and 32°C test temperature. This suggests that pacemaking is derived to ion loss f rom t he body. T h i s st udy e xa m i ned i f ionoreg u lator y [email protected] from the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling contributing mec ha n i sm s i n t he g i l l a re up -reg u lated to dea l w it h t h i s e xe rc i se - Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a highly tolerant species found in a to the membrane clock and ionic currents contributing to the induced ion disturbance. Rainbow trout were challenged to either wide range of temperatures. We investigated the behavioural membrane clock. Neither pacemaking mechanism appears favoured a su sta i ned (3 BL /s) or bu rst (8 BL /s) sw i m m i ng e xe rc i se reg i men . plasticity, repeatability and between-individual differences in maintaining cardiac function in zebrafish heart following Plasma osmolarity, sodium, and chloride levels initially decreased in in zebrafish at two temperatures below and two temperatures thermal acclimation. response to exercise but returned to normal over a 4-day period. The above their optimal temperature (28°C). We were interested in return to normal plasma ion homeostasis suggests either the capacity ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 204 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 205

key fit ness t raits, i n Nereis d iversicolor, sa mpled i n t he Hu mber erα, erβ and vtg had been corroborated with ovarian cycle in the A12.71 A GENOMIC INVESTIGATION OF estuary (N=1200), FTIR analysis will be performed to identify A12.74 EVALUATION OF catfish. Reproductive cycle ofH. fossilis is divisible into Preparatory, THE STOMACH PHENOTYPE IN TELEOSTS microplastic content of body tissues and deduce a geographical ESTROGENIC POTENTIAL OF Pre-Spawning, Spawning and Post-Spawning phases. Ovarian origin. The effects of microplastics toxicity on overall fitness will a romata se e x pression wa s upreg u lated du r i ng late prepa rator y a nd be tested by exposing N. diversicolor (N=500) to similar types of GENISTEIN ADMINISTRATION IN early pre-spawning phase resulting in the production of estradiol- WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION microplastic found in the Humber, using a series of behavioral assays. INDIAN FRESHWATER CATFISH, 17β. Ci rc u lat i ng est rad iol-17β induces vitellogenin synthesis in T he ove ra l l goa l of t he st udy i s to h ig h l ig ht fit ness cost s a ssoc iated HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS liver; therefore transcripts of vtg were abundant and coincided with LOUIS J PFEIFER (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), w it h m ic ropla st ic tox ic it y a nd i s e x pec ted to i n for m t he i mpac t of upregulation of cyp19a and erα expression in ovary. Increase in GABRIEL MORENO-HAGELSIEB (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, feed i ng respon ses a ssoc iated w it h m ic ropla st ic tox ic it y, wh ic h may ovarian weight indicates that estrogen-signaling via erα is essential THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION CANADA), LUÍS FILIPE C CASTRO (UNIVERSITY OF PORTO | cause ramifications on plastic production. for vitellogenesis during preparatory and pre-spawning phases. CIIMAR, PORTUGAL), JONATHAN M WILSON (WILFRID LAURIER Production of estrogen in brain controls the release of gonadotropin PREETI KHANDELWAL (UNIVERSITY OF DELHI, INDIA) UNIVERSITY, CANADA) f rom t he pit u ita r y. c y p19b i n cat fi sh hy pot ha la mu s wa s e x pressed t h roug hout t he yea r a nd prese nted t wo pea k s. E x pression of c y p19b [email protected] [email protected] A12.73 EFFECTS OF THE INHIBITION during maintenance phase culminates into storage of gonadotropin Aromatase is a terminal enzyme in steroid biosynthesis and hence in gravid females followed by sharp reduction in cyp19b mRNA level The vertebrate stomach, which is distinguished by acid-peptic OF GASTRIC ACID SECRETION WITH a potential target of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). It is du r i ng spaw n i ng pha se. T he e x pression pat te r n of t he e r α and erβ digestion, has been independently lost multiple times (>15) OMEPRAZOLE ON GROWTH AND SPECIFIC encoded by cyp19 ge nes. E DCs e nte r aquat ic bod ies f rom va r iou s genes in hypothalamus was somewhat identical. du r i ng t he evolut ion of t he teleost fi shes. T h i s phe nome non see m s DYNAMIC ACTION IN THE NILE TILAPIA sou rces a nd fi sh spec ies a re at h ig h r i sk of e x posu re. Gen i stei n i s counterintuitive given the known advantages of acid-peptic a n i soflavone w it h t he potent ia l to d i sr upt endoge nou s e ndoc r i ne - d igest ion suc h a s e x te nd i ng t he va r iet y of d igest ible d ieta r y protei n signalling pathways by binding to estrogen receptors competitively sources. This gastric function is conferred by acid (HCl) secreted by WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION and inducing vitellogenin (vtg) synthesis in male fish. It is abundant gastric proton pumps encoded by the genes ATP4A and ATP4B, and A12.76 CHARACTERIZING THE in soya-derived foods. The present study was undertaken to study the proenzymes of pepsins encoded byPGA, PGB, PGF, PGC and CYM. JONATHAN WILSON (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), RELATIVE ROLES OF PLASMA t he e ffec t of d i ffe rent concent rat ion s of gen i stei n ad m i n i st rat ion Although this agastric phenomenon is not limited to teleosts and KELSY MOFFATT (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), in Heteropneustes fossilis and to evaluate its potency as an ACCESSIBLE AND TOTAL CARBONIC has been observed in other vertebrates, the teleosts represent an MARK ROSSI (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), estrogen-mimicking compound taking, estradiol-17β as a positive ANHYDRASE IN RELEASE OF POST interesting group given the multitude of independent loss events. EDWARD PARK (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA) cont rol. E x pression of v tg a nd est roge n receptor (e r) ge nes i n l ive r A strong correlation has been established between gastric gene HYPERCARBIC HAGFISH and aromatase in ovary and brain was quantified. Biochemical presence and stomach development where if the gastric genes are lost [email protected] parameters such as [Ca2+], SGOT, SGPT and serum cholesterol from the genome the stomach is absent. However, this correlation is THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION The presence of an acid-secreting stomach provides many selective were estimated. Activ ity of t ransaminases was not a ffected on based on a limited number of gastric and agastric vertebrates. Thus, advantages to higher vertebrates. Phenotypic stomach loss is administration of estradiol or genistein. This suggests that neither this correlation requires a more robust analysis in more groups to GREG GOSS (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), JENNA linked to loss of expression of both the gastric proton pump and of these compounds are hepato-toxic, but a dose-dependent increase prov ide bet te r con fidence.T he goa l of my t hesi s i s to have a n i n- dept h DRUMMOND (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), ALEX pepsinogen, an essential protease. Understanding the importance in serum cholesterol was observed on genistein administration. characterization of the relationship between the gastric genes and CLIFFORD (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), CLAUDIU of acid-secretion on growth and the metabolic costs of digestion Genistein exposure reduced serum [Ca2+] in both sex of catfish the stomach in teleosts. This is completed through a two-pronged TRANDAFIR SUPURAN (UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE, ITALY) (spec i fic dy na m ic ac t ion , SDA) w i l l help prov ide i n for mat ion about a nd est rad iol i njec t ion resu lted i n i nc rea sed [Ca 2+]. Transcription approach involving both molecular genetics and bioinformatics. the metabolic expense of acid-production. Omeprazole, a gastric of cyp19a was upregulated in the ovary but downregulated in the This survey will expand out understanding of stomach development [email protected] proton pump inhibitor, was used to simulate the agastric phenotype testis, whereas cyp19b e x pression i n t he bra i n of cat fi sh i n bot h t he and the occurrence of stomach loss throughout teleosts evolution, i n by ‘ k noc k i ng- out ’ ac id-produc t ion . A g row t h t r ia l wa s pe r for med se xes wa s upreg u lated . Est roge n receptors (e ra a nd e r β) of cat fi sh A s scave nge rs t hat hag fi sh (Eptatretus stoutii) are known to feed prov id i ng conte x t to t he phe nome non of evolut ion t h roug h ge ne loss. feeding both control and omeprazole-supplemented feed with a were also sensitive to genistein exposure. In conclusion, our results on (and in) decaying carrion such as large marine mammals and are This characterization will also provide direction for future attempts sample size of 15 Nile tilapia per group over a 38-day period. Fish were show t hat gen i stei n ca n d i sr upt endoc r i ne pat hways by e x h ibit i ng thus highly tolerant of noxious environmental stresses including to genetically reintroduce the stomach through gene knock-in. fed 2% body mass (BM)/day. The dose of omeprazole was 25 mg/kg est roge n ic/a nt iest roge n ic ac t iv it y i n cat fi sh , but it s e ffec t va r ies in e x t reme hy pe rcapn ia. I ndeed , hag fi sh ente r i ng i nto a ma m ma l ia n

BM/day. Stop flow respi romet r y wa s u sed to dete r m i ne sta nda rd eit he r se x a nd a l so w it h dose. carcass can tolerate extreme hypercapnia (>5% CO 2 ) by rapidly - metabol ic rate (SM R) a nd SDA i n Ni le t i lapia fed eit he r a cont rol or building up plasma [HCO 3 ] over 24 – 48 h of exposure, attaining - omeprazole meal of 2% BM of pellets. Data were analyzed according the highest plasma [HCO3 ] levels ever observed in any organism A12.72 THE IMPACTS OF - to D. C habot u si ng R . Data a re compa red u si ng pa i red t-test s. T he (>70 m mol HCO 3 /L). Upon ex iting the carcass, the hag fish then MICROPLASTIC INGESTION ON THE data gat he red f rom t h i s st udy showed t hat t he spec i fic g row t h rate A12.75 PROFILING OF ESTROGEN experience a large metabolic alkalosis and they rapidly excrete of Ni le t i lapia wa s negat ively a ffec ted by t he add it ion of omepra zole HCO - from the gills at some of the highest HCO - flux rates measured. PHYSIOLOGY OF A MARINE WORM, RESPONSIVE GENES DURING 3 3 NEREIS DIVERSICOLOR in the feeding trial (p<0.005). The feeding of omeprazole was shown The goal of this study is to characterize the role of plasma accessible to dec rea se du rat ion (p<0.0 0 5) a nd mag n it ude of SDA (p<0.0 5) a s ANNUAL REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF carbonic anhydrases (CA) versus total CA in post-hypercarbia well, suggesting a decrease in digestion and assimilation of the meal. INDIAN FRESHWATER CATFISH, recovery. We exposed hagfish to either control conditions (0.03% THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION I n sepa rate feed i ng t r ia l s we con fi r med t hat omepra zole i n h ibited CO ) or hypercapnia (5% CO ) for 48 h to induce severe hypercarbia. HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS 2 2 stomach acidification. We u sed a rece nt ly developed i n sit u hag fi sh dua l g i l l pe r f u sion / REBECCA GOODWIN (UNITED KINGDOM) perifusion with perfusion of radioactive 14C-HCO - into the plasma WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION 3 space and measurement of release into the perifusate (water space). [email protected] Under control conditions, perfusion of the plasma space using PREETI KHANDELWAL (UNIVERSITY OF DELHI, INDIA), NEETA both membrane impermeant (C-18) and membrane permeant Since the industrial revolution humans have placed a heavy reliance SEHGAL (UNIVERSITY OF DELHI, INDIA) (Acetazolamide) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors showed that >40% upon sy nt het ic mate r ia l s to fac i l itate mode r n l i fe. T h i s e x te n sive of HCO - flu x wa s accompl i shed u si ng pla sma accessible C A wh i le utilization has caused exponential growth of the world’s plastics [email protected] 3 another 30% reduction occurred after a sequential acetazolamide produc t ion f rom 1.7 m i l l ion ton nes du r i ng t he 1950 s, to ove r 5 m i l l ion Aromatase (Cyp19) is the only enzyme that catalyzes conversion inhibition. In the post-hypercapnic period, there was an increased tonnes in 2018. There is a growing concern that plastics pose an of C androgens into C estrogens. Estradiol-17β regulates the capacity for HCO - secretion attributable to increases in the plasma increased threat to marine life. It is estimated that 10% of plastic 19 18 3 developme nt, d i ffe re nt iat ion a nd reproduc t ion of ta rget orga n s accessible CA activity. This research demonstrates that plasma wa ste w i l l ente r t he world’s ocea n s. Pla st ics t hat ente r t he ocea n a re via estrogen receptors (erα, erβ) i n fi sh . I n t he present i nvest igat ion accessible CA is the dominant mechanism for post-hypercarbic subjec t to mec ha n ica l a nd c hem ica l processes t hat prog ressively a romata se i sofor m s, (c y p19a; ova r ia n a romata se a nd c y p19b; bra i n HCO - release. degrade them into smaller fragments called microplastics. 3 aromatase), erα, erβ and vitellogenin (vtg) genes of Heteropneustes Microplastic is found in the stomachs of many marine animals, fossilis were cloned and sequenced. Expression of cyp19a is read i ly acc u mu lates i n body t issues a nd m ic roplast ic tox icit y is responsible for production of estrogen in ovary while cyp19b is e x pec ted to have negat ive fit ness costs. T he present st udy a i ms prefe re nt ia l ly e x pressed i n t he bra i n . E x pression of c y p19a, c y p19b, to identify how microplastic exposure and/or ingestion impacts ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 206 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 207

polyp growth rate. Polyp growth rate was however found to be higher A12.77 PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE at low salinity compared with high salinity. Additionally, lower A12.3P THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL A12.4P ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF FOR MITIGATION OF CATIONIC POLYMER pH resu lted i n lowe r poly p g row t h rate. Ephy rae g row t h rate wa s ISOLATION ON OFFSPRING PROACTIVE- UNUSUAL CARBONATE CHEMISTRY IN sig n i fica nt ly a ffec ted by te mpe rat u re a nd pH , w it h a n i nc rea se in FLOCCULATION TOXICITY temperature causing a higher growth rate but conversely decreasing REACTIVE PERSONALITY AXIS RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS pH caused a reduction in growth rate. Overall, the implications of ON LUMPFISH PHYSIOLOGY, BEHAVIOUR WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION climate change on A. aurita are complex. Decreasing pH had the WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION AND GROWTH biggest negative impact on both the polyp and ephyrae life stage of A. EDYTA JASINSKA (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), GREG aurita, yet, increasing temperature had a positive impact on ephyrae TIFFANY A ARMSTRONG (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INSTITUTE THURSDAY 4TH JULY, 2019 09:45 GOSS (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), ALEXANDER growth. Thus climate change driven increases in temperature may OF BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE CLIFFORD (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), G HANNA resu lt i n la rge r moon jel ly fi sh i f pH re ma i n s stable. O t he r sc y phozoa MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), MIA LENG (UNIVERSITY OF JENNIFER A FINLAY (JENNIFER FINLAY, UNITED KINGDOM), (CLEARFLOW GROUP, CANADA), JESSE MEINTS (CLEARFLOW should be investigated in future to obtain a fuller picture of the impact GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH COSIMA PORTEUS (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM) GROUP, CANADA) of c l i mate c ha nge on jel ly fi sh . AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), JAN LINDSTRÖM (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF [email protected] [email protected] BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), SHAUN S. KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF Lu mpfi sh (C yc lopte r u s lu mpu s) a re a new aquac u lt u re spec ies t hat Industrial operations such as coal mining, road building and GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH is increasingly being farmed within recirculating aquaculture aggregate washing result in high concentrations of suspended A12.79 TEMPERATURE-MEDIATED AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, UNITED KINGDOM), KEVIN systems (R AS). These cleaner fish are deployed in salmon pens particles (total suspended solids; TSS) in effluent waters. To BEHAVIOURAL VARIATION IN THE J. PARSONS (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW INSTITUTE OF as biocontrol against sea lice, a parasite that cause substantial promote sedimentation of TSS, industry uses a number of cationic BEADLET ANEMONE, ACTINIA EQUINA BIODIVERSITY ANIMAL HEALTH AND COMPARATIVE MEDICINE, losses. Little is known about lumpfish, so it is impossible to assess chemical coagulants/flocculants. Cationic chemical flocculants UNITED KINGDOM) what impacts intensive farming are having on productivity and a re k now n to cau se ac ute tox ic it y at ve r y low conce nt rat ion s (0. 3 - WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION welfare. Within RAS, due to the recirculation of water, CO from 0.5 mg/L) resulting in failure of bioassays. Current environmental 2 [email protected] respiration builds to levels which can detrimentally impact growth management practices do not allow discharge of water containing JACK S THOMSON (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED and physiology. Because this acidifies water, an alkaline buffer ac t ive cat ion ic poly me rs g ive n t h i s h ig h tox ic it y. We hy pot hesi zed Parental investment is known to increase growth and survival KINGDOM), DANIEL K MASKREY (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, i s t y pica l ly added to ret u r n pH to w it h i n a ‘nor ma l’ ra nge w it h i n that treating cationic contaminated waters with anionic polymers of offspring across many taxa. Recent evidence has suggested UNITED KINGDOM), KATHRYN ARNOLD (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, RAS. To assess the impacts of RAS conditions on physiology and would bind the cationic polymers and render the tailings water non- that the involvement of both parents in rearing can influence the UNITED KINGDOM), ROB BEYNON (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, growth, water chemistry data from the U.K.’s largest lumpfish tox ic. Fi sh e x posed to cat ion ic poly me r W L 8 0 0 a lone had i mpeded development of social and aggressive behaviours in offspring. UNITED KINGDOM), LYNNE U SNEDDON (UNIVERSITY OF RAS facility were used to inform a growth trial. Control fish were ox ygen upta ke by 12 h a nd we re dy i ng by 2 4 h w it h ~ 50 % dead by 4 8 h . However, the role of biparental care in development and covariation LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM) e x posed to at mosphe r ic CO 2 a nd low a l ka l i n it y, wh i le e x pe r i menta l Howeve r, add it ion of a neut ra l i z i ng poly me r (C N 369) 1. 5× t he W L 8 0 0 of offspring behaviours with the sex of the individual is currently treatments included high CO , high alkalinity, and a combination of dose completely restored ox yge n upta ke. T he C N 369 a l so el i m i nated understudied. Neolamprologus brevis is a shell dwelling African 2 [email protected] t hose t reat me nt s. I n it ia l ly, g row t h wa s reduced i n a l l 3 e x pe r i me nta l t he c logg i ng of t he g i l l s a nd el i m i nated t he tox ic it y. Fi na l ly, si m i la r cichlid that provides biparental care to its offspring. Dominant t reat me nt s, but t he d i ffe re nces compa red to cont rol s dec l i ne w it h to t he ox ygen t ra n spor t, t he cat ion ic poly me r t reat ment resu lted i n Persona l it y profi les i n a n i ma ls va r y systemat ica l ly w it h st ress males of this species tend to be large and aggressive, while time. As expected, blood pCO wa s a l most doubled i n fi sh e x posed to elevations in plasma glucose and plasma lactate while treatment response profiles: among vertebrates, more aggressive, bolder subordinate males resemble females in size and behaviour. This 2 both high CO t reat ment s; but fi sh i n bot h t hese g roups compen sated w it h eit he r C N 369 a lone or W L 8 0 0:C N 369 at a 1:1. 5 rat io el i m i nated a n i ma l s te nd to d i ffe r i n cor t icoste roid respon ses to st ress compa red study investigated the role of biparental absence during early 2 by accumulating more than double bicarbonate in their plasma, these sub-lethal indications of toxicity. These results support the to less aggressive, shyer animals. The connection between stress development on boldness, exploration and aggression in offspring. wh ic h produced t he u ne x pec ted resu lt of a h ig her blood pH t ha n hypothesis that use of a neutralizing agent (CN369) may be an responsiveness and personality in invertebrates is, however, less Further, correlations among these behaviours were examined cont rol fi sh . T h i s ma kes lu mpfi sh rat he r u nu sua l compa red to ot her effective means to eliminate cationic polymer toxicity and is a wel l u nde rstood . He re we u sed a proteom ic met hod to e x plore how based on offspring sex. We found that male offspring reared without teleosts ex posed to hy percapn ia. Ou r data shou ld help opt i m ise promising new technology for mine wastewater management. protein regulation varied between anemones, Actinia equina, with pa rent s we re sig n i fica nt ly more agg ressive t ha n t hose rea red w it h water chemistry within RAS, to improve productivity. We also aim different personality profiles (bold or shy) and under different pa re nt s. Howeve r, fe ma le offspr i ng d id not show a n e ffec t of pa re nta l to a ssess it s e ffec t on lu mpfi sh be hav iou r. stressors (chronic: graduated increase in temperature from 11- absence on aggression. All behaviours showed strong covariation 23 °C over 13 days; acute: response to perturbation, the “startle in individuals with parents present, but correlations among A12.78 BIG MOONS: ARE MOON response” used to identify personality among these animals). va r iou s behav iou rs we re wea ken a mong offspr i ng rea red w it hout JELLYFISH AFFECTED BY CLIMATE P rotei n e x pression wa s subseque nt ly e xa m i ned i n te ntac le t i ssue. parents. These results suggest that parental presence results in the A variety of proteins were differentially expressed between development of suites of correlated behaviours in this species and CHANGE? t reat me nt s; pr i nc ipa l compone nt s a na lysi s wa s t he refore u sed to behavioural integration. These results also indicate that parental determine groups of proteins with related functions. Under both absence du r i ng development ha s a st ronge r i n flue nce on agg ression THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION c h ron ic (tempe rat u re) a nd ac ute st ress, t he fi rst pr i nc ipa l component in males than in females, which could influence mate acquisition and appeared to be a response to stress, with the strength of response territory defence later in life. LYNNE U SNEDDON (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED modulated by personality. Under temperature stress structural KINGDOM), DANIEL GOODYER (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, proteins were upregulated whilst those involved in nucleotide/ UNITED KINGDOM), CHARLOTTE BIRT (UNIVERSITY OF protein turnover were downregulated. In contrast, under acute LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID CC WOLFENDEN (BLUE stress proteins involved in stress mitigation and nucleotide/ PLANET AQUARIUM, UNITED KINGDOM) protei n t u r nove r showed a n i nc rea se i n e x pression , w it h reduced e x pression of t hose i nvolved i n catabol i sm . T hese data a re a fi rst [email protected] step in assessing how proteomic responses to stress in Actiniid c n ida r ia n s va r y accord i ng to pe rsona l it y ; howeve r, more deta i led Anthropogenic climate change is a significant problem for examination of these processes and the timescale over which they many marine species, however, it is predicted that changes in operate is necessary. t he env i ron ment w i l l i ncrease jel ly fish popu lat ions. Cu r rent ly, jel ly fi sh popu lat ion s appea r to be g row i ng g loba l ly due to a n i nc rea se i n ‘ bloom’ eve nt s, possibly f uel led by c l i mate c ha nge. T he a i m of this study was to investigate how three environmental variables l i n ked to c l i mate c ha nge a ffec ted t he g row t h rate of t wo l i fe stages of the moon jellyfishAurelia aurita. Treatment groups were set up to a ssess t he i mpac t of i nc rea sed te mpe rat u re (16 –19 °C), sa l i n it y (30 –35 ppt) a nd ac id i ficat ion (pH 7. 8 – 8.0) on t he poly p a nd ephy rae stage of jel ly fi sh . Tempe rat u re c ha nge had no sig n i fica nt i mpac t on ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 208 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS 209

to explore how hypoxia may influence the magnitude of metabolic A13 OPEN ANIMAL BIOLOGY A13.3 AMPHIBIOUS FISH SEEK i nju r y fol low i ng oi l e x posu re. T he refore, ou r goa l wa s to i nvest igate HYPOXIC MICROENVIRONMENTS TO the effects of acute oil exposure and hypoxia on the metabolic performance of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), an economically ACCENTUATE METABOLIC DEPRESSION important fish common in the Gulf of Mexico. Here, sub-adult OUT OF WATER red d r u m were ex posed to cr ude oi l for 24 h before bei ng ex posed to hypoxic conditions. Our results show that hypoxia exposure ORGANISED BY: JACK THOMSON (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL) WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:00 combi ned w it h c r ude oi l e x posu re resu lt s i n sig n i fica nt ly reduced aerobic scope, which was additive compared to the reductions caused GIULIA S ROSSI (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), by each stressor alone. Interestingly, our results showed no changes PATRICIA A WRIGHT (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA) to hypoxia tolerance among individuals, regardless of exposure A13.1 THE EFFECT OF 30 YEARS OF A13.2 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE to hy pox ia or oi l. We a re c u r re nt ly i nvest igat i ng pa ra mete rs suc h [email protected] as hematocrit, mitochondrial enzyme content, and blood oxygen SELECTION ON THE CHICKEN EMBRYO’S AND HYPOXIA ON SYNCHRONISED AIR bi nd i ng a ffi n it y to dete r m i ne t he mec ha n i sm s d r iv i ng t hese add itive RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA BREATHING IN CORYDORAS CATFISH A mph ibiou s fi shes t hat su r v ive wee k s out of wate r w it hout food effects. These data will offer insight into metabolic constraints often depress metabolic rate to slow the depletion of endogenous facing fishes exposed to oil while concurrently subjected to hypoxia, energy stores. Microhabitats with low O levels on land may augment a notable climate change stressor. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:30 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:45 2 metabolic depression. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that air- AMIT HAR ON (HEBREW UNIVERSITY, ISRAEL), MAR PINEDA (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), ex posed a mph ibious fish choose m icrohabitats t hat ma x i ma lly SHELLY DRUYAN (ARO THE VOLCANI CENTER, ISRAEL) ISABEL ARAGAO (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), depress metabolic rate to conserve limited endogenous energy stores DAVID MCKENZIE (UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), and conserve the integrity of critical tissues, i.e. skeletal muscle. A13.5 HEMODYNAMICS AND [email protected] SHAUN KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) Using isogenic strains of the self-fertilizing mangrove rivulus CARDIOVASCULAR PERFORMANCE OF (Kryptolebias marmoratus), we fou nd t hat fi sh prefe r red hy pox ic JUVENILE RED DRUM (SCIAENOPS Selection of modern broilers for rapid growth has been leading [email protected] microhabitats after 21 days out of water, and avoided normoxic to modifications in mechanisms of development and growth, microhabitats. Under aerial normoxia, one strain of K. marmoratus OCELLATUS): THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE with considerably elevated feed consumption per day. Such Group living is found throughout the animal kingdom and has depressed metabol ic rate on ly sl ig ht ly (-16% of rout i ne), sig n i fica nt ly HYPOXIA AND CRUDE OIL EXPOSURE developments logically necessitate adaptations in the size a variety of costs and benefits. One of the benefits of living in a catabolized endogenous energy stores (lipids and glycogen), of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and their g roup i s ma x i m i si ng resou rce acqu i sit ion , suc h a s food or te r r itor y. exhibited skeletal muscle atrophy, and consequently, had poor WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:30 functional efficiency. However, insufficient development Another resource that is vital for survival, yet often overlooked, te r rest r ia l locomotor pe r for ma nce. I n cont ra st, a d i ffe re nt st ra i n resulted in low capability to maintain adequate dynamic i s ox ygen . I n some fi shes, t he abi l it y to breat he a i r ha s evolved to capable of a more profound metabolic depression (-42% of routine) DEREK NELSON (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED steady-state mechanisms for energy balance expenditure, as ove rcome con st ra i nt s i n hy pox ic e nv i ron me nt s but comes at a cost on ly catabol i zed g lycoge n i n ae r ia l nor mox ia, a nd de mon st rated STATES), ANDREW J ESBAUGH (THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT well as for coping with sub optimal environmental conditions. of increased predation. To reduce this risk, some species perform no skeletal muscle atrophy. However, when fish with a shallow AUSTIN MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUE, UNITED STATES), DANE A The aim of this study was to compare between the effects of hypoxic g roup a i r breat h i ng. Te mpe rat u re may a l so a ffec t t he f reque nc y of depression i n ae r ia l nor mox ia we re acc l i mated to ae r ia l hy pox ia, CROSSLEY II (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS, UNITED STATES) exposure (17% O2 ), from E16 to E18 (the oxygen consumption a i r breat h i ng i n fi sh but re ma i n s v i r t ua l ly u ne x plored . We e xa m i ned they catabolized fewer lipids, and maintained skeletal muscle plateau period), for 12 h per day, on the embryos of modern how acclimation temperature and acute exposure to hypoxia integrity and locomotor performance. In the wild, K. marmoratus [email protected] broilers vs broilers that did not undergo selection since 1986. a ffec t s t he a i r-breat h i ng behav iou r of a soc ia l cat fi sh , t he bron ze are often found in terrestrial habitats that may be hypoxic (e.g. Both lines exhibited a similar adaptive response of the corydoras (Corydoras aeneus), to determine whether individual rotting logs) during seasonal droughts. Our findings demonstrate Cardiac performance is gauged by evaluating principle cardiac cardiovascular system with changes in hematocrit level, oxygen demand influences the behaviour of entire groups. We t hat m ic rohabitat selec t ion du r i ng a i r- e x posu re ca n have sig n i fica nt indices that regulate cardiac output. Cardiac output, the product hemoglobin concentration and heart rate following hypoxic st ud ied si x g roups of seve n cat fi sh i n a laborator y be hav iou ra l a re na implications on energy metabolism, the integrity of critical tissues, of heart rate and stroke volume, is essential for sustaining the exposures. Nevertheless, while the response magnitude and recorded air breathing frequency of individuals and group air- a nd locomotor y pe r for ma nce i n a mph ibiou s fi shes. convec t ive t ra n spor t of ox ygen a nd adve rse e ffec t s on t he t ra n spor t of the 1986 embryos to hypoxic condition was high in all breat h i ng be hav iou r u nde r d i ffe re nt ox yge n conce nt rat ion s (10 0 %, of ox yge n w i l l i mpac t orga n i sma l fit ness. C r ude oi l e x posu re ha s measured parameters, the commercial embryos response, 8 0 %, 6 0 %, 4 0 %, 20 %) a nd t wo acc l i mat ion tempe rat u res (25°C & show n to have ca rd io -tox ic e ffec t s on developi ng fi sh , i mped i ng was mild. Hypoxia was found to have no significant effect on 30 °C). I nte r m it tent flow respi romet r y wa s u sed to est i mate ox ygen t ra n spor t of ox ygen . Howeve r ou r u nde rsta nd i ng of how c r ude oi l relative organ weight, within each line. However, between demands of individuals. The results from this study increase our A13.4 ADDITIVE EFFECTS OF e x posu re a nd t he combi ne ac t ion of env i ron menta l st ressors suc h the lines, relative breast weight was profoundly bigger in the u nde rsta nd i ng of how i nd iv idua l physiolog y i n flue nces coord i nated OIL EXPOSURE AND HYPOXIA ON a s hy pox ia i mpac t s ca rd iac pe r for ma nce i n fi sh at late r stages of l i fe commercial line. However, relative heart weight, of commercial behaviour and tendency to take risks to acquire resources. remains limited. Given our limited understanding we conducted embryos, was significantly lower compared to 1986 embryos. AEROBIC PERFORMANCE IN RED DRUM t wo i nvest igat ion s. T he fi rst foc u sed on t he con seque nce of c r ude This study suggest that, regardless of the successful selection for (SCIAENOPS OCELLATUS) oi l e x posu re on he mody na m ics i n-sit u a nd t he second foc u sed on rapid growth, the embryonic growth pattern, itself, reached the evaluating cardiovascular function during a combine stress of crude sustainable limit. Thus, leaving narrow margins to cope with stress, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:15 oi l e x posu re a nd ac ute hy pox ia i n su rg ica l ly recove red red d r u m during the embryonic period and the entire broiler life, probably due (Sciaenops ocellatus). O u r fi nd i ngs i nd icate t hat c r ude oi l e x posu re to reduced allometric compatibilities. KERRI LYNN ACKERLY (THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT increases dorsal aortic pressures by 28% and reduces cardiac output AUSTIN MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES), by at least 25%. The reduced cardiac output was the result of a ANDREW J ESBAUGH (THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT diminished stroke volume while heart rate was constant. When oil e x posu re wa s combi ned w it h hy pox ia (1. 5mg O /L) cardiac output AUSTIN MARINE SCIENCE INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES) 2 and stroke volume were reduced by 30% and 36%, respectively. [email protected] Ba sed on ou r fi nd i ngs, i f fi sh e x pe r ie nce combi ned oi l a nd hy pox ic e x posu res t he sy ne rg y bet wee n t he t wo st ressors w i l l d ra st ica l ly Ae robic scope, t he d i ffe rence bet ween ba sa l metabol ic requ i rement s compromise cardiac performance and could consequently impact the and maximum metabolic capacity, is considered a particularly a n i ma l’s fit ness i n t he w i ld . T h i s st udy i s ongoi ng a nd i s suppor ted i mpor ta nt met r ic i n flue nc i ng ecolog ica l success i n fi shes. C r ude oi l by t he GoM R I R ECOV E R I I Con sor t iu m to A .R a nd D.C .I I. e x posu re ca n i mpa i r ca rd iorespi rator y f u nc t ion i n fi shes, wh ic h reduces ma x i mu m metabol ic rate, ae robic scope, a nd may i mpa i r ecolog ica l pe r for ma nce. O i l e x posu re i s not t he on ly e nv i ron me nta l st ressor t hat ca n a ffec t ae robic scope, espec ia l ly i n a rea s a ffec ted by c r ude oi l spi l l s. Hy pox ia ( low d i ssolved ox yge n) i s a l so k now n to con st ra i n ma x i mu m metabol ic rate, yet t he re ha s bee n l it t le e ffor t ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 210 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 211

foot pr i nt ’ tec h n ique to offe r a g loba l est i mates of sy nt hesi s rates t he d i sc repa nc y i n t he e x te nt of pla st ic it y bet wee n uppe r (C T max )

A13.6 THE CARDIAC RESPONSE OF of both transcripts and proteins. This permits integration of both A13.9 THERMAL PREFERENCE and lower (CTmin ) critical thermal limits in ectotherms. We aimed THE GOLDFISH (CARASSIUS AURATUS) response systems on a gene-by-gene basis. Common carp were ALTERED BY SELECTION FOR to answer two questions concerning thermal biology of springtails TO HYPOXIA: A ROLE FOR BETA3- accl i mated to 25°C t hen cooled over 2 days to 11°C at wh ich t hey THERMAL TOLERANCE in this study. 1) How long does it take thermal acclimation and we re held for a f u r t he r 21 days w it h cont rol s held t h roug hout at 25°C . reacclimation to be completed. 2) Are the responses of CTmax to ADRENOCEPTORS? Intense replication and time sampling had provided highly detailed d i ffe r i ng tempe rat u res more sig n i fica nt compa red to t he respon ses THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 timecourse of both responses across all recognised genes in the of CTmin . We monitored the acclimation to high and low temperature

WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:45 sequenced tetraploid genome. Differential patterns of response have conditions and reacclimation of CTmin and CTmax in a temperate ANNA H ANDREASSEN (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE been ident i fied ac ross t he f u l l ra nge of K EGG pat hways, i nteg rat ion and a sub-Antarctic springtail species. CTmax values did not show SANDRA IMBROGNO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), of which provides an unsurpassed insight into the complexity of AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), EIRIK R ÅSHEIM (NORWEGIAN significant change with time in either high and low temperature UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), JEFF ROSA MAZZA (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), acclimation responses in a single tissue. for both species. On the other hand CTmin values significantly MARIACRISTINA FILICE (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), C CLEMENTS (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND increased in high temperature conditions while decreasing in low SERENA LEO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), RACHAEL MORGAN (NORWEGIAN temperature conditions. Also the acclimation and reacclimation of UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), ALFONSINA GATTUSO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), CTmin were completed under 8 days in both species. In conclusion, our FREDRIK JUTFELT (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE st udy con fi r med t hat C T is much less responsive to acclimation. MARIA C CERRA (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY) A13.8 CONTRASTED THERMAL m a x REACTIONS NORMS AMONG AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY) These constraints on upper thermal limits indicate that with the [email protected] c u r re nt t re nd i n g loba l wa r m i ng t he re wou ld be a sig n i fica nt r i sk SOUTHERNMOST POPULATIONS [email protected] for springtail species in future. Low oxygen availability is a limiting factor for “free life”. It occurs in OF A COLD WATER SALMONID Behavioural thermoregulation allows ectotherms to control nat u ra l env i ron ment s a nd i s e x pe r ienced by ma m ma l ia n a nd non- body temperature and choose habitat temperatures optimal for mammalian vertebrates under both healthy and diseased conditions. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:15 performance. This is an essential survival strategy as aquatic The human heart is severely affected by hypoxia, resulting in ectotherms are challenged by both increasing water temperatures A13.11 ELEVATED TEMPERATURE cardiovascular fragility associated to a poor quality of life, and LISANDRINA MARI (INRA UMR CARRTEL, FRANCE), GUILLAUME and stochastic heating events with climate change. Acute heat AFFECTS SEX RATIO AND DISRUPTS often fatal outcomes. Several animal species tolerate prolonged EVANNO (UMR ESE INRA AGROCAMPUS OUEST, FRANCE), MARTIN stress can be a strong selective force, and adaptation to warming may period of reduced O ava i labi l it y. A mong fi sh , c y pr i n id s of t he genu s THE TIMING OF GAMETOGENESIS 2 DAUFRESNE (IRSTEA, FRANCE), LUCA FUMAGALLI (UNIVERSITY indirectly affect traits correlated to thermal tolerance. To predict Carassius (teleost), such as the goldfishCarassius auratus, survive IN THE EUROPEAN FLAT OYSTER OF LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND), EMILIEN LASNE (UMR ESE INRA how organisms will adapt to environmental change, research on such hypoxia for days to months thanks to compensative mechanisms, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, FRANCE) cor related t ra it s i s c r uc ia l. A popu lat ion of w i ld- caug ht zebra fi sh (OSTREA EDULIS) st i l l u nde r i nvest igat ion . By u si ng a n e x v ivo prepa rat ion , we showed has been selected for upper thermal tolerance, generating three that, under hypoxia, the goldfish heart increases its performance [email protected] duplicated lines with high, low and random thermal tolerance. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 and sensitivity to heterometric regulation, this representing a To reveal the relationship between individual thermal tolerance putative component of hypoxia tolerance. However, the mechanisms I n t he c u r re nt g loba l c ha nge conte x t, cold wate r ste not he r m s a re and preference, we tested the F4 selected generation for thermal LINA M ZAPATA-RESTREPO (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, that sustain the hypoxia-dependent increase of goldfish cardiac most at risk to face the detrimental effects of warming. Arctic preference in a custom-built annular arena allowing individuals UNITED KINGDOM), MALCOLM D HUDSON (UNIVERSITY contractility have not been elucidated. Since in teleost hypoxia is charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations found in the alpine and peri- to sw i m i n a cont i nuou s t he r ma l g rad ie nt f rom 21 to 36°C . T h roug h OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM), IAN D WILLIAMS often associated with an increased sympathetic tone, we aimed alpine region are located at the Southernmost limit of the species continuous video recording, logging of temperature using 24 thermal (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM), CHRIS to eva luate t he role of ad renerg ic receptors (A R s) i n t he gold fish distribution range, and can be considered as sentinels of climate sensors, and tracking the position of the fish with an automated HAUTON (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM) cardiac response to hypoxia. We first characterized the effects change. Charr early life stages (embryos and alevins) are particularly tracking software, we achieved high-resolution data of individual of β -A R s st i mu lat ion i n t he nor mox ic gold fish hea r t i n ter ms of vulnerable to temperature increases, and the persistence of 3 tempe rat u re c hoices. I n add it ion , t he c r it ica l t he r ma l ma x i mu m wa s [email protected] contractility and signal transduction. Then, we analysed their Southern populations will be determined by the capacity of these measured for all individuals. Our results show a relationship between role in the hemodynamic response of the goldfish heart exposed to critical life stages to respond adaptively to environmental changes. The flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, a protandrous sequential selection for thermal tolerance and thermal preference behaviour. hypoxia. We also found that cardiac β -A R s e x pression i s a ffec ted by In this study, we used a common garden approach to test the he r maph rod ite, i s a com me rc ia l ly va luable spec ies i n Eu rope but 3 We a l so fou nd d i ffe re nt breadt h s of prefe r red te mpe rat u res bet wee n hypoxia. Our data suggest that the activation of β -ARs contributes hypothesis of local adaptation of charr populations from its populations have been collapsing in recent decades. Temperature 3 the selected lines. This suggests that disparate traits within to the increased contractility which characterizes the hypoxic isolated lakes to temperature. We reared eggs originating from has shown an important influence on physiological, biochemical thermal biology (acute physiological tolerance and behavioural gold fi sh hea r t . four thermally contrasted lakes at an either optimal (5 °C) or and reproductive attributes of molluscs. In order to understand thermoregulation) can be linked, pointing towards a behavioural- stressful but realistic (8.5°C) temperature throughout the the effect of temperature on sex determination and the timing physiolog ica l t he r ma l sy nd rome i n fi sh . entire larval development, and examined fitness-related traits of ga metoge nesi s, t wo e x pe r i me nt s we re ca r r ied out . I n t he fi rst within and among populations at hatching and near emergence. experiment (E1) animals (n=50 per treatment) were treated at A13.7 MULTI-’OMICS ANALYSIS OF We report evidence of contrasted thermal reaction norms among d i ffe rent tempe rat u res (10, 14 a nd 18°C) u nde r laborator y cond it ion s ACCLIMATION RESPONSES TO COLD populations, with strong effects of incubation temperature for 4 mont h s. To u nde rsta nd t he c ha nges occ u r r i ng du r i ng d i ffe re nt on body size, use of yolk resources and timing of hatching. A13.10 TIME COURSE OF THERMAL seasons of the year, a second experiment (E2) was completed using IN THE COMMON CARP Complemented by genotyping analyses and a QST-FST approach ACCLIMATION IN A TEMPERATE AND A 120 oysters kept under semi-enclosed conditions at the National that aimed at identifying the evolutionary processes underlying SUB-ANTARCTIC SPRINGTAIL SPECIES Oceanography Centre from May 2016 to May 2017. Biometric THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:00 popu lat ion d i ffe re nt iat ion , ou r resu lt s show h ig h ge net ic d ive rsit y pa ra mete rs, ga metogen ic stage a nd se x dete r m i nat ion we re a ssessed but limited adaptive potential to warming in populations histologically. The results suggested a significant influence of THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:45 ANDREW R COSSINS (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED managed by supportive breeding, suggesting local management tempe rat u re on t hose pa ra mete rs du r i ng bot h e x pe r i ment s. I n E1, KINGDOM), DARYL WILLIAMS (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, practices might hinder these populations capacity to adapt to the oysters kept at the highest temperature experienced accelerated ARDA C KUYUCU (HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY, TURKEY), STEVEN L UNITED KINGDOM), YONGXIANG FANG (UNIVERSITY OF environmental changes. ga metogenesi s. I n E2 t he a n i ma ls we re most ly i n t he rest i ng stage CHOWN (MONASH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), JENNI PROKKOLI (UNIVERSITY between August and January. Gametogenesis and spawning occur OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), MARK CADDICK seasonally from February through May, when water temperatures [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM) i nc rea sed , w it h r ipe oyste rs fou nd f rom Ma rc h t h roug h Ju ne. Se x Despite t hei r i mpor ta nce i n soi l syste m s, k nowledge on how soi l rat ios c ha nged t h roug hout t he e x pe r i me nt . I n E1 t he lowest a nd [email protected] dwelling microarthropods might respond to climate change is highest temperatures caused a female-biased sex ratio. However, not sufficient and we need to improve our understanding of the in E2 more males were found with the increase of temperature. It Global methods of molecular analysis, led by transcriptomics, physiological mechanisms underlying the compensation abilities cou ld be e x pec ted t hat a r i se i n Eu ropea n sea te mpe rat u res t h roug h have revolutionised approaches to understanding physiological to bet te r pred ic t t he i mpac t s. O ne of t he major ways orga n i sm s ca n the year could influence these reproductive parameters inO. edulis, mec ha n i sm . T hese foc u s at te nt ion spec i fica l ly on t he reg u lat ion cope with environmental variation is through thermal acclimation. pote nt ia l ly a ffec t i ng t he long te r m hea lt h of popu lat ion s. of transcript abundance, but regulation of gene expression can However the number of studies investigating how much time this equally be regulated at the level of protein expression. We have acclimation takes are relatively small. Another important topic is combined global transcript screening with the newer ‘ribosomal ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 212 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 213

temperature, we investigated immunological parameters (white A13.12 GONADAL TRANSCRIPTOMIC A13.13 CELLULAR DEFENSE AND A13.14 THE EFFECT OF THE RATE OF blood cell counts), stress response (heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ANALYSIS IN THE OYSTER CRASSOSTREA METABOLIC RESPONSES OF THE THERMAL CHANGE ON MITOCHONDRIAL rat io) a nd body cond it ion of zebra fi nches (Taeniopygia guttata). Bi rd s we re e x posed for 18 wee k s to hot a nd m i ld tempe rat u res (4 0 °C GIGAS - HOW TO UNRAVEL THE LOCKS GREAT SCALLOP (PECTEN MAXIMUS) ROS PRODUCTION AND SUBSEQUENT and 22°C) with water available ad libitum or restricted during half OF A SEQUENTIAL HERMAPHRODITE IN ACUTELY EXPOSED TO VARIATIONS OXIDATIVE DAMAGE of t he l ig ht pe r iod . O u r resu lt s showed a n i n flue nce of te mpe rat u re ORDER TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL MALE IN INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED and water availability on immunological parameters. Whereas AND FEMALE SEX-DETERMINING GENES CLIMATE DRIVERS THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:15 higher relative leukocyte counts occurred in birds exposed to high ambient temperatures, heterophils and H/L ratio showed a ISABELLA LOUGHLAND (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA), similar pattern decreasing from low to high temperatures and THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:15 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 FRANK SEEBACHER (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA), from restricted to ad libitum water conditions. Body condition was GIGI LAU (UNIVERSITY OF OSLO, NORWAY) positively related with lymphocytes and negatively with heterophils CORALIE BROQUARD (LGPMM IFREMER (LA TREMBLADE) SANDRA GOETZE (ALFRED-WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND a nd H / L rat io, but wate r-rest r ic ted bi rd s e x posed to 4 0 °C d id not AND BOREA (CAEN), FRANCE), SUWANSA-ARD SAOWAROS MARINE RESEARCH, GERMANY), CHARLOTTE EYMANN (ALFRED- [email protected] show these correlations. Overall, our results suggest that adverse (GENECOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE USC (QUEENSLAND) AND WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH, environmental conditions lead to physiological consequences; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), GERMANY), GISELA LANNIG (ALFRED-WEGENER INSTITUTE Thermal fluctuations are ubiquitous in natural environments although zebra finches exposed to 40°C with limited access to water LIONEL DEGREMONT (LGPMM IFREMER (LA TREMBLADE), FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH, GERMANY), CHRISTIAN and animals can respond by modifying physiology in order to appear to be less affected than other groups, most probably due to FRANCE), JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMY (LGPMM IFREMER (LA BOCK (ALFRED-WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE maintain performance. However, the efficacy of a compensatory their desert origin. This study was supported by National Science TREMBLADE), FRANCE), BENJAMIN MORGA (LGPMM IFREMER RESEARCH, GERMANY), HANS-OTTO PÖRTNER (ALFRED-WEGENER response depends on the rate of phenotypic change relative to Center grant 2017/25/B/NZ8/00541. (LA TREMBLADE), FRANCE), ABIGAIL ELIZUR (GENECOLOGY INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH, GERMANY) the rate of environmental change, so that thermal fluctuations RESEARCH CENTRE UNIVERSITY OF THE SUNSHINE COAST that are equal in magnitude but that differ in the rate of change (QUEENSLAND), AUSTRALIA), ANNE-SOPHIE MARTINEZ [email protected] fundamentally changes the optimal phenotypic response. (BOREA (CAEN), FRANCE) Cu r rent projec t ion s of f ut u re c l i mates empha si se not on ly a lte red T he deva stat i ng ma r i ne ma ss e x t i nc t ion at t he Pe r m ia n-Tr ia ssic A13.16 SHRINKING BODY SIZES IN mean temperatures but greater temporal variability, hence it border ~ 252 Ma ago killed more than 90 % of the marine biota. Today’s RESPONSE TO WARMING: A REVIEW [email protected] is critical to determine how the rate of thermal change affects anthropogenic climate change is thought to be analogous to such t he capac it y for a n i ma l s to compe n sate. E levated te mpe rat u res OF EXPLANATIONS WITH SPECIAL The oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the most valuable molluscs of past crises with respect to the drivers but not (yet) in its magnitude. cause an increase in mitochondrial respiration, which may cause EMPHASIS ON THE ROLE OF OXYGEN the international market. As an irregular sequential hermaphrodite, Ma i n d r ive rs a re wa r m i ng ( W ), ac id i ficat ion a nd hy pox ia, wh ic h a n i nc rea se i n reac t ive ox yge n spec ies ( ROS) produc t ion . Fa ste r it s se x may c ha nge seve ra l t i mes du r i ng it s l i fe, ma k i ng it d i ffic u lt affect organisms at all levels of organization; from whole organism rates of temperature increase may lead to elevated ROS-induced to ide nt i f y prec i sely t he se x-spec i fic ge nes. To bet te r ide nt i f y t he to molecular levels. We investigated the acute impacts of W (14 °C THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:45 da mage due to i n su ffic ie nt t i me to upreg u late a nt iox ida nt ac t iv it ies. se x- dete r m i n i ng ge nes a s wel l a s t hei r te mpora l dy na m ics du r i ng to 28 °C at 2°C increase/48 h), of warming plus hypoxia (WHO; pO = 2 O u r a i m wa s to dete r m i ne fi rst ly whet he r t he rate of te mpe rat u re the time-frame of sex determination along the gametogenetic cycle, 55-60 %), of warming plus hypercapnia (WHC; ~ 1800 ppm CO ), as WILCO CEP VERBERK (RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN, 2 i nc rea se a ffec t s m itoc hond r ia l f u nc t ion a nd ROS produc t ion , a nd gonada l sa mples we re col lec ted for 18 d iploid oyste rs. We con side red : wel l a s of t he combi nat ion of a l l t h ree d r ive rs (dead ly t r io, DT ), on NETHERLANDS), NATAN HOEFNAGEL (UNIVERSITY OF second ly whet he r t he re i s a longe r te r m cost of elevated ox idat ive (1) the gametogenetic stages covering the entire period of sex adult Pecten maximus. At d i ffe re nt te mpe rat u res, g i l l s we re a na ly zed GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS), DAVID ATKINSON (UNIVERSITY OF da mage (protei n ca rbonyl s a nd l ipid pe rox idat ion) fol low i ng t he dete r m i nat ion a ssessed by h i stolog y a nd (2) t he se x ua l phe not y pes for the degree of cellular damage (lipids and proteins), heat shock LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREW HIRST (UNIVERSITY te mpe rat u re c ha nge. We e x posed zebra fi sh (Danio rerio) to d i ffe re nt of n i ne “ t r ue” ma les a nd n i ne “ t r ue” fe ma les t hat neve r e x h ibited response (HSP70), and alterations in metabolic pathways. We OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), CURTIS HORNE rates of temperature increase that were equal in magnitude to test the se x c ha nge du r i ng 5 con sec ut ive yea rs. T he t ra n sc r iptomes we re obse r ved no wa r m i ng-i nduced ox idat ive l ipid da mage, i r respec t ive (UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL, UNITED KINGDOM), HENK SIEPEL hypothesis that faster rates of increase lead to lowered mitochondrial sequenced in order to accurately determine the differentially of add it iona l d r ive rs. H SP 70 level s we re i nc rea sed i n W, W HO, a nd (RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS) e ffic ie nc y a nd h ig he r ROS produc t ion . We pred ic ted t hat h ig herROS expressed genes related to the sex, during the whole period of W HC exposure at 26 °C, but remained strikingly low in DT at all produc t ion du r i ng t he heat i ng pha se w i l l resu lt i n g reate r ox idat ive sex determination. By using an Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform, tempe rat u res. T he major it y of a lte red metabol ic pat hways we re [email protected] damage subsequently. paired-end RNA-seq reads of 150 nt length were obtained from the associated with mitochondrial energy production, e.g. pathways Animals generally grow faster but reach a smaller size at maturity sequenced libraries of gonads. A total of 1,424,810,382 paired-reads of glycogenic amino acids or anaerobiosis. Shifts occurred most when reared at warmer conditions, a pattern that has been termed we re ge ne rated . De novo a sse mbly of a l l t he c lea n read s a nd de novo d i st i nc t ly i n t he DT e x posu re at 26 °C . C ha nges v i sible i n W HO, we re the temperature-size rule (TSR). Although body size is central to t ra n sc r ipt qua nt i ficat ion we re ca r r ied out by u si ng t he C LC Genom ics not visible in WHC, indicating that impacts of warming and hypoxia ecology, thermal responses of body size remain poorly understood. Workbench software. The comparison of the male and the female were alleviated by hypercapnia. Conversely, our findings suggest A13.15 IMMUNOLOGICAL AND Here we review the different explanations for the TSR. Proximate l ibra r ies a nd of t he ga metogenet ic stages cove r i ng (or not) t he se x that the scallop will be negatively affected by ongoing climate STRESS RESPONSES TO THERMAL explanations emphasize either physiological constraints (oxygen determination period allowed us to identify relevant candidates, c ha nge, espec ia l ly whe n ox yge n becomes l i m ited . AND DEHYDRATION STRESS IN limitation) or temperature-dependent resource allocations i nc lud i ng pote nt ia l se x- dete r m i n i ng ge nes: 56 se x- depe nde nt ge nes, ZEBRA FINCHES (decoupling of development rate and growth rate). Ultimate 9,497 ga metoge nesi s stage - dependent genes a nd 85 se x-a nd-stage - e x pla nat ion s e mpha si ze t he adapt ive va lue of eit he r a la rge body dependent genes. Blast2Go software was used to perform BLASTp size (e.g. to increase fecundity) or a short development time (e.g. against nr and Swissprot databases for gene functional annotation WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:30 in response to time constraints). While there is variation in the and metabolic pathways identification. ROGER COLOMINAS-CIURÓ (DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE e x te nt to wh ic h a spec ies’ body si ze respond s to te mpe rat u re, t he ZOOLOGY, NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, POLAND), strength of the TSR varies in predictable ways. Body size reductions ANNA KOWALCZEWSKA (DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, w it h wa r m i ng a re st ronge r i n aquat ic ta xa t ha n i n te r rest r ia l ta xa. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, POLAND), MAŁGORZATA Furthermore, within aquatic taxa, the TSR appears to become JEFIMOW (DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, NICOLAUS st ronge r w it h i nc rea si ng body si ze. I n te r rest r ia l ta xa t he opposite COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY, POLAND), MICHAŁ S WOJCIECHOWSKI pattern is found, possibly driven by size-related differences in (DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY, NICOLAUS COPERNICUS voltinism. Multiple drivers operating at the cellular and whole- U NI VERSITY, P OL A N D) orga n i sm level may g ive r i se to a TSR but d i ffe re nt d r ive rs may be i nvolved i n d i ffe rent g roups of a n i ma ls. He re we prov ide a tentat ive [email protected] c la ssi ficat ion for t he d i ffe re nt e x pla nat ion s a nd t hei r appl icabi lity to groups of animals differing in mode of respiration (e.g. water Unpredictable environmental changes in ambient temperature breathers vs air breathers), genome size, and thermally-associated a nd resou rce ava i labi l it y cont i nuou sly a ffec t a n i ma l be hav iou r behaviour (e.g. heliotherms). and physiology. Water is the most essential nutrient and is largely involved in body temperature regulation. To inquire into the physiological consequences of water restriction and high ambient ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 214 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 215

paracellular pores between ionocytes. Transcript abundance of A13.17 AUGMENTED REALITY cldn-10c, -10d, -10e and -10f were examined, and all were either A13.20 MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL A13.21 IDENTIFICATION AND AS A TOOL FOR INTERACTIVE e xc lu sively detec ted or most abu nda nt i n g i l l a nd OE . I n g i l ls f rom REMODELLING OF OSMOREGULATORY CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE f reshwate r ( F W ) fi sh a nd t hose t ra n sfe r red to seawate r (S W ) a nd VISUALIZATION OF BIOIMAGING DATA: from SW to hypersaline (2SW), abundance of cldn-10e mRNA ORGANS IN THE EEL (ANGUILLA EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE CEPHALIC was acutely elevated in SW and 2SW fish at 24h, whereas other ANGUILLA): INFLUENCE OF SUBUNITS IN A BASAL VERTEBRATE, VASCULATURE OF FISH respon sive i sofor m s i nc rea sed late r (3 -7 days). A f te r t ra n sfe r to ANGIOTENSIN II THE SEA LAMPREY, PETROMYZON SW, cldn-10d and -10e increased, whereas in 2SW, cldn-10c and MARINUS -10f predominated. Fish acclimated to 2SW for a prolonged period THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 had higher mRNA abundance of all cldn-10s. Ion substitution e x pe r i me nt s w it h ope rc u la r epit hel ia i n Ussi ng c ha mbe rs revea led THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:10 CHRISTIAN DAMSGAARD (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, MARIACRISTINA FILICE (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), pore permselectivity sequence Na+ >K+ >Rb+ ~Cs+ >Li+ (Eisenman CANADA), ERIC BATES (DERAILLEUR INTERACTIVE, CANADA), DANIELA AMELIO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), VII), consistent with permeation of dehydrated ions. Pores in 2SW DIOGO FERREIRA-MARTINS (UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS HENRIK LAURIDSEN (AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), COLIN ALFONSINA GATTUSO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), OE were significantly more selective for Na+ over K+ indicating (UMASS), UNITED STATES), YOKO YAMAGOUCHI (SHINSHU J. BRAUNER (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA) FILIPPO GAROFALO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), different selectivity arises from different claudin-10 isoforms. UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), STEPHEN D MCCORMICK (DEPARTMENT SANDRA IMBROGNO (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY), Immunocytochemistry localized Cldn-10c to apical crypts of OF BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS (UMASS), [email protected] MARIA C. CERRA (UNIVERSITY OF CALABRIA, ITALY) ionoc y tes f rom S W a nd 2S W fi sh ( loca l i zed nea r apica l C F T R a n ion UNITED STATES) The development of advanced bioimaging technologies now allows c ha n nel s) but C ld n-10 c wa s not detec ted i n OE of F W-acc l i mated [email protected] visualization of 3D morphology from the organismal down to the fish. Immunoblots identified a heavily O-glycosylated form of [email protected] molecular level. However, visualization is typically achieved by C ld n-10 c i n g i l l a nd OE , suggest ive of post-t ra n slat iona l processi ng Angiotensin II (AngII), the principal effector of the Renin The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus is an anadromous and projecting a representative plane of the 3D model onto a 2D journal pr ior to ju nc t iona l i n se r t ion . We conc lude t hat C ld n-10 protei n s a re Angiotensin System (RAS), is a pluripotent hormone involved in the semelpa rou s spec ies t hat toget he r w it h hag fi shes for m t he ag nat ha n figure leaving out most of the scientific detail. At the same time, regulated by O-glycosylation to form and maintain cation-selective reg u lat ion of blood pressu re, ca rd iac f u nc t ion a nd flu id osmola r it y. family and have diverged from the teleost lineage for more than 500 augmented reality in mobile games has become an increasingly paracellular pores in salt-secreting epithelia of fishes. Support: In eurhyaline fish, changes in environmental salinities modify million years. The larvae (ammocoete) lives buried in the substrate in popular tool for visualization of 3D models within the real-world NSE RC ( WSM , SPK , PM S), a nd NSF (C K T, J PB). plasma AngII levels, while exogenous AngII regulates drinking f reshwate r st rea m s a nd a re fi lte r feede rs. A f te r a rou nd 5 yea rs, t hey environment. Implementing this technique for visualization of and ion balance. This emphasizes a role of AngII in the modulation of undergo metamorphosis, emerge from the substrate, and migrate scientific data provides the potential for engaging interactive physiological processes activated in response to osmotic challenges. to the ocean. During their marine trophic phase, sea lamprey are exploration of all dimensions of multidimensional bioimaging However, to date, no information is available about the putative parasitic feeders and after fully grown they migrate upstream in order data. In this presentation, we explore the potential for augmented influences of AngII on the morpho-functional remodelling of A13.19 WHY DO CRABS TAKE to spaw n . T he epit hel ia l sod iu m c ha n nel ( E NaC), wh ic h i s prese nt reality in scientific bioimaging by showcasing a custom-build osmoregolator y orga n s i n eu rhya l i ne fi sh . Accord i ng ly, i n t h i s st udy, NUTRIENTS UP VIA THEIR GILLS? in tetrapods but not in teleost where the acid-sensing ion channel interactive augmented reality application that visualizes a we investigated structural and molecular rearrangements occurring (ASIC) plays a similar role, has previously been found in the gill of computed tomography scan of the vasculature in a goldfish head in gills and kidneys of freshwater-acclimated eels (Anguilla anguilla) lamprey for sodium uptake in hypoosmotic environments. However, scanned at 3 µm resolution. The application allows the viewer to THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 c h ron ica l ly (8 wee k s) e x posed to A ng I I. We obse r ved t hat A ng I I to date no st ud ies have ide nt i fied a nd c ha rac te r i zed t he t h ree E NaC explore the goldfish’s 3D vascular anatomy by walking around, induced a morphological remodelling of branchial and renal subunits in the basal vertebrate lineage. In this study, we have cloned, spinning, and zooming in on the individual vascular beds. As a TAMZIN BLEWETT (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA), epit hel ia , rese mbl i ng t hose occ u r r i ng i n seawate r-adapted fi sh . I n identified, and characterized ENaC’sα , β and γ subunits, both in silico fourth dimension, it includes a heart pace maker, where the viewer GREG G GOSS (UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, CANADA) bot h t i ssues, st r uc t u ra l mod i ficat ion s a re accompa n ied by c ha nges and in the context of the sea lamprey’s life cycle from ammocoetes, can initiate a heartbeat and follow blood flow through the whole i n t he e x pression a nd loca l i zat ion of ion a nd wate r t ra n spor te rs. I n through metamorphosis, and upon transfer to seawater of the fully cephalic vasculature. While this application was made specifically [email protected] particular, Na+ /K+ -ATPase increased in gill ionocytes, but not in metamorphosed juveniles. Our results show that mRNA levels of for our data set, it highlights the potential for using this new, the kidney, while AQP1 channel decreased in both organs. AngII Recent research has shown that the invasive green crab (Carcinus all ENaC subunits are high in the main osmoregulatory organs (gill readily available mobile devise technology as a tool for visualization a lso a ffec ted t he loca l i zat ion a nd t he e x pression of a n endot hel ia l maenas) can acquire nutrients, such as amino acids, directly from and kidney) and decrease in the gill upon seawater transfer of the of all dimensions of bioimaging data in teaching and public Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS)-like isoform, as well as NO generation. the water using their gills. What remains to be determined is why? In postmetamorphic juveniles. Nevertheless, only a tendency for ENaC outreach activities. These data point to a role of AngII as a key humoral modulator of the t h i s st udy we e xa m i ned t wo hy pot heses: t hat a m i no ac id s a re u sed subunits decrease in gill was observed during metamorphosis. These complex tissues and organs morpho-functional remodelling that a s osmoly tes, a nd /or t hat t h i s represe nt s a mea n s of ma x i m i z i ng resu lt s suppor t t he hy pot hesi s t hat E NaC i s a ma i n sod iu m upta ke allows eel to face osmotic environmental challenges. nut r it ion . Usi ng i n v it ro g i l l pe r f u sion tec h n iques, we e xa m i ned mechanism for hyperosmoregulation in sea lamprey. branchial transport of radiolabelled L-leucine under three different A13.18 HYPERSALINE INCREASES salinity regimes (20%, 100, 120% SW), and in fed versus fasted CLAUDIN-10 PARALOG MRNA ABUNDANCE crabs. Transport kinetics showed that gills from crabs previously TO FORM CATION-SELECTIVE acclimated to lower salinities displayed reduced or absent transport A13.22 DEVELOPMENT AND PARACELLULAR PORES IN OPERCULAR rates, while elevated salinities had no significant effect. These data CORTICOSTEROID CONTROL OF argue against the hypothesis that amino acid acquisition is linked to AND GILL EPITHELIA OF A EURYHALINE osmoregulation, although suggests that uptake is sodium-linked. IONOREGULATION IN SEA LAMPREY FISH (FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS) Gi l ls f rom fed c rabs e x h ibited i nc rea sed upta ke relat ive to fa sted (PETROMYZON MARINUS) c rabs, a nd i n v ivo st ud ies showed d i ffe re nces i n t i ssue d i st r ibut ion THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:25 of absorbed amino acid. Together, these studies show that branchial THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:25 amino acid uptake in Carcinus exhibits plasticity, and evidence WILLIAM S MARSHALL (ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIVERSITY, suggests a regulated process with a defined biological role for CIARAN A SHAUGHNESSY (UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS CANADA), CHUN C CHEN (YORK UNIVERSITY, CANADA), JASON nutrition. However, at this stage the specific roles of dissolved amino AT AMHERST, UNITED STATES), STEPHEN D MCCORMICK (USGS P BREVES (SKIDMORE COLLEGE, UNITED STATES), CHRISTIAN acids require more detailed investigation. CONTE ANADROMOUS FISH RESEARCH CENTER, UNITED STATES) K TIPSMARK (UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, UNITED STATES), PATRICIA M SCHULTE (UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, [email protected] CANADA), SCOTT P KELLY (YORK UNIVERSITY, CANADA) Much is known about the mechanism for epithelial Cl- secretion in + + [email protected] mammals and teleost fishes, which involves a basolateral Na /K - AT Pa se ( N K A) a nd Na +/K+/2Cl- cot ra n spor te r ( N KCC1) a nd a n apica l We used hypersaline treatment to force elevated expression of chloride channel (CFTR). There is little evidence on whether and claudin-10 (cldn-10) t ig ht ju nc t ion protei n pa ra logs i n t he g i l l a nd how this mechanism for Cl- secretion applies to the ionoregulatory opercular epithelium (OE) of Fundulus heteroclitus, where these mechanism of the gill epithelium in sea lamprey (Petromyzon proteins are hypothesized to form specialized Na+ -selective marinus), t he most ba sa l e x ta nt osmoreg u lat i ng ve r tebrate spec ies. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 216 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 217

Furthermore, endocrine control of osmoregulation in the sea and beyond our expectations, and often exceed calculated lamprey during metamorphosis and seawater (SW) acclimation is A13.24 DOES THE PRESENCE OF aerobic thresholds. The penguin’s deep and long dives are A13.27 THERMAL SENSITIVITY OF not desc r ibed . We e xa m i ned ionoreg u lator y mec ha n i sm s i n t he sea SHELTER INFLUENCE THE METABOLIC often preceded and followed by shallow and non-foraging LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY AND LOCOMOTOR la mprey du r i ng meta mor phosi s, S W e x posu re, a nd pha r macolog ica l dives (<50m). Are these dives indicative of the king penguin’s inhibition to understand the role NKA and NKCC1 in branchial Cl- TRAITS OF LENTIC AND LOTIC diving limitations? Or do they simply function as travel dives? PERFORMANCE: A CLIMATE CHANGE secretion. The osmoregulatory action of 11-deoxycortisol (the SMALLMOUTH BASS? O u r data i nc ludes approx . 4 50,0 0 0 d ives of 32 breed i ng ma le k i ng PERSPECTIVE putative corticosteroid in lamprey) and other corticosteroids penguins during the austral summer. We measured the penguin’s were examined. Gill NK A and NKCC1 mRNA and protein levels THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:55 dive depth, duration, and time spent at the surface in between THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:10 increased dramatically during metamorphosis (when salinity d ives, to dete r m i ne i f t he re i s a l i n k bet ween t he peng u i n’s e x t reme tolerance develops) and again after SW acclimation. Bumetanide EMMANUELLE CHRÉTIEN (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL, CANADA), diving behaviour (top 10% of their deepest and longest foraging LUMÍR GVOŽDÍK (INSTITUTE OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY i n h ibit ion of N KCC1 i n v ivo reduced t he capac it y for ion reg u lat ion STEVEN J COOKE (CARLETON UNIVERSITY, CANADA), DANIEL dives) and the shallow dives that preceded and followed them. OF THE CZECH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CZECH REPUBLIC) in SW. 11-Deoxycortisol treatment increased gill NKA activity BOISCLAIR (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL, CANADA) Overall, 84% of the dives recorded were shallow, and only 1.6% of all and improved SW tolerance. Aldosterone and cortisol (which d ives pe r for med qua l i f y a s t he peng u i n’s ‘deepest ’ d ives. T he deepest [email protected] a re not present i n la mprey) a lso i nc reased g i l l N K A ac t iv it y, but [email protected] dive recorded was 369 m, and the longest dive 566 s, highlighting deox ycor t icosterone, a steroid present i n la mprey, had no effec t the king penguin’s remarkable diving ability. Thus far, we found no Locomotion is a basic living attribute in non-sessile organisms. on g i l l N K A ac t iv it y. T hese resu lt s de mon st rate t hat ba solate ra l Availability of shelter is an important component of habitat relationship between the deepest dives and the dives that preceded or Locomotor performance determines capacity to escape predation, NKA and NKCC1 are key transporters in the branchial ion secretory selec t ion for a n i ma l s a s it ca n i n flue nce e ne rg y e x pe nd it u re a nd followed. However, from our data it seems that the time spent at the a nd t hu s i n flue nces i nd iv idua l su r v iva l. L ocomotor ac t iv it y a ffec ts mechanism in lamprey and are regulated by the endocrine action of acquisition and provide protection from predators. Some species, su r face i nc rea ses a f te r e xcept iona l ly deep d ives. Fu r t he r fi nd i ngs energy input and output within an organism, and accordingly 11- deox ycor t i sol. More work i s needed to resolve t he apica l c h lor ide like smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, are strongly associated will be provided in the presentation. its level determines individual reproductive success in a given channel in the sea lamprey gill. with presence of shelter in their environment. For these fish, habitat. Locomotor performance and activity are temperature- shelte r i ng may be be ne fic ia l to h ide f rom predators, a mbu sh prey, dependent traits. In contrast to locomotor performance, the or lower energetic costs. Previous studies have revealed that fish thermal dependence of locomotor activity has received much less metabolic rates tend to be lower in presence of shelter related to when A13.26 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE at te nt ion . I n t h i s ta l k , I w i l l rev iew rece nt resu lt s on t he comple x A13.23 SEAWATER TOLERANCE no shelter was available, probably due, in part, to metabolic costs ALTERS THE HEART RATE RESPONSE i n flue nce of body te mpe rat u re on locomotor ac t iv it y a nd compa re AND FEEDING IN LANDLOCKED AND a ssoc iated w it h ca mou flage a nd v ig i la nce when shelte r i s absent. them with well-known information about the thermal sensitivity To shed light on the physiological advantages of using shelter for OF LUMPFISH (CYCLOPTERUS LUMPUS) of locomotor performance in a system of interacting ectotherms. ANADROMOUS POPULATIONS OF sma l l mout h ba ss, we conduc ted respi romet r y e x pe r i ment s on fi sh TO INCREASING TEMPERATURE Variation in thermal sensitivity in both locomotor characteristics SEA LAMPREY f rom t wo popu lat ion s ( La ke L ong a nd K ia m i ka R ive r) to dete r m i ne should be considered when predicting impact of climate change on i f t he prese nce of shelte r wou ld i n flue nce d i ffe re nt metabol ic t ra it s. FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:55 ectotherm populations. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:40 We hy pot hesi zed t hat i n prese nce of shelte r, fi sh wou ld have lowe r metabol ic rates, reduced recove r y t i mes a nd lowe r E POC a f te r i nten se ZOE A ZRINI (MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, JESSICA L NORSTOG (UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS locomotor activity. Our results show that presence of shelter does CANADA), R M SANDRELLI (MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF AMHERST, UNITED STATES), STEPHEN D MCCORMICK (USGS not affect metabolic traits, but there was high inter-individual NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA), A K GAMPERAL (MEMORIAL A13.28 FISHERY DRIVEN SELECTION LEETOWN SCIENCE CENTER, S.O. CONTE ANADROMOUS FISH variability. When accounting for social hierarchy, there were no UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA) ON MORPHOLOGY IN DANIO RERIO RESEARCH LABORATORY, UNITED STATES) d i ffe rences i n most metabol ic t ra it s i n dom i na nt or subord i nate fi sh i n presence or absence of shelte r, e xcept for recove r y t i me wh ic h wa s [email protected] THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:25 [email protected] sig n i fica nt ly lowe r i n presence of shelte r for dom i na nt fi sh . T hese results do fail to demonstrate a direct link between physiology and Data on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on heart rate (HR) The life histories of anadromous and landlocked Sea Lamprey are habitat selection and rather suggest that other benefits, probably are limited to a narrow range of species, and rarely consider the DAVIDE THAMBITHURAI (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED si m i la r, t houg h la nd loc ked popu lat ion s lac k e x posu re to seawate r related to intra- and inter-specific interactions, could explain fish interactive effects of this parameter and other environmental KINGDOM), JAN LINDSTRÖM (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED and thus experience relaxed selection on traits associated with selecting sheltered habitats. variables. In this study, lumpfish Cyclopterus( lumpus, 20 0 to 4 0 0 g ), KINGDOM), KEVIN J PARSONS (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, survival in seawater, including salinity tolerance and associated which can be found at depths of up to 1000 m, were recovered for UNITED KINGDOM), SHAUN S KILLEN (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, physiological traits. This study investigated differences in one 6 days after surgically implanting them with Star-Odd HR DSTs, and UNITED KINGDOM) anadromous and three landlocked populations of Sea Lamprey t hei r H R respon se wa s t he n mea su red whe n e x posed to: i nc rea si ng i n t he capac it y of meta mor phosed juve n i les for ion reg u lat ion i n A13.25 THE DEEP AND THE SHALLOW hyd rostat ic pressu re (up to 8 0 ba r ; 8 0 0 m i n dept h) a lone at 10 °C; or [email protected] seawater. Landlocked lamprey had lower survival in 35 ppt seawater i nc rea si ng te mpe rat u re (12 to 20 °C), dec rea si ng te mpe rat u re (12 to OF DIVING KING PENGUINS, CAN Si m i la rly to nat u ra l predat ion t he a nt h ropogen ic ha r vest of w i ld fi sh compared to anadromous lamprey. All populations showed strongly 4°C) or decreasing oxygen levels (to 50% air saturation at 12°C) in the populations is known to have a striking, diverse and far-reaching elevated gill NKA activity compared to ammocoetes, which KING PENGUINS DIVE DEEP AND absence and presence of 80 bar of pressure. In addition, I investigated i n flue nce on t he evolut ion of spec ies. Pe r for ma nce related t ra it s suc h i nc rea sed ove r t i me a f te r e x posu re to 30 ppt seawate r. Pla sma ion LONG WITHOUT PREPARATION OR t he e ffec t of pr ior e x posu re to 8 0 0 m dept h on post- c ha se H R a nd as swimming capacity, manoeuvrability and vision are integral to conce nt rat ion s a f te r e x posu re to 30 ppt seawate r we re elevated i n dete r m i ned t he lu mpfi sh’s H R respon se to i nc rea si ng te mpe rat u re RECUPERATION? avoid i ng capt u re, a nd a re i nt r i n sica l ly t ied to mor pholog y. Yet, it i s two upper Great Lakes populations compared to the anadromous up to t hei r c r it ica l t he r ma l ma x i mu m (C T , 22°C) at atmospheric max still largely unknown if morphology can represent a selective target population. Additionally, feeding has been suggested to facilitate pressure. Hydrostatic pressure increased HR from ~ 48 to 61 bpm and THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:40 during commercial fishing. Here, we used laboratory simulations osmoregulation. Feeding behavior and physiological traits were elevated maximum HR upon exposure to increasing temperature of t rappi ng a nd t rawl i ng u si ng zebra fi sh (Danio rerio) to establish a ssessed i n a not he r e x pe r i me nt a mong a nad romou s a nd la nd loc ked (~ 6 3 a nd 8 9 bpm at 0 a nd 8 0 ba r, respec t ively), but on ly had m i nor TESSA A VAN WALSUM (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, UNITED how specific morphologies might be selected for, or against, in populations. These results suggest that there are population-based effects on the HR response to decreasing oxygen, decreasing KINGDOM), LEWIS G HALSEY (UNIVERSITY OF ROEHAMPTON, a commercial fishing scenario. Using geometric morphometrics d i ffe re nces i n sa l i n it y pe r for ma nce t hat a re con si stent w it h rela xed temperature or exhaustive exercise (max. HR of 76 bpm). Further, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREA PERNA (UNIVERSITY OF as well as advanced visualization techniques we show that high selection on traits for seawater entry in landlocked populations. increasing temperature to CT resu lted i n a ma x i mu m H R of 78 bpm . ROEHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREAS FAHLMAN m a x v u l ne rabi l it y fi sh d i ffe r sig n i fica nt ly i n t hei r shape when compa red My resea rc h suggest s t hat hyd rostat ic pressu re i n flue nces t he H R (OCEANOGRÀFIC DE VALENCIA, SPAIN), YVES HANDRICH to low vulnerability fish. Fish that are able to escape trawls are response to increasing temperature, and provides the first evidence (STRASBOURG UNIVERSITY, FRANCE) typically shallower in the body and have larger caudal fins, traits t hat lu mpfi sh have a l i m ited capac it y to i nc rea se H R . a ssoc iated w it h h ig he r locomotor pe r for ma nce; wh i l st fi sh w it h [email protected] lower trap vulnerability also have narrower shapes but lack similar morphology linked to swimming performance. Remarkably, many King penguins perform deep and long dives all across the of the biomechanical principles that evolve in natural predator-prey southern ocean. However, with current overfishing and rising interactions are seen to be under selection in our study. This suggest sea temperatures the king penguins could be forced to dive that some of the escape mechanisms used by fish to escape both longer, deeper, and travel further to the site of most abundant natural predators and humans are shared. Given that morphological prey. So far studies show that king penguins are diving above traits are highly heritable, more so than life-history or behavioural ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 218 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 219

traits, long-term selection of this type would likely lead to plastic or using chironomid midge larvae as a model system. Larvae of to their hydrophobic and persistent properties, UV-filters have ge net ic respon ses i n fi sh popu lat ion s. chironomid midge possess extracellular monomeric haemoglobin A13.32 NOVEL DETOXIFICATION a high capacity to accumulate in sediment. Nevertheless, little t hat const it utes t he bu l k of t he haemoly mph protei n. Empi r ica l PATHWAYS IN ANCIENT VERTEBRATES infor mat ion is available on t hei r ecotox icity on fish physiolog y. studies on this unique haemoglobin provided strong evidences for its I n aquat ic ecosystem s, fi sh eggs cou ld be d i rec t ly e x posed to U V- metabolic plasticity as well as various intrinsic features conferring FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES: fi lte rs t h roug h contac t w it h conta m i nated sed i me nt a nd /or by t hei r A13.29 DOES CU/CD/ZN METAL resi st iv it y towa rd s va r iou s st ressors, na mely hy pox ia a nd i ron- IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF presence in the water phase. The aim of this study was to investigate MIXTURE AFFECT PHYSIOLOGICAL mediated metabolic imbalances. Upregulation of stress-responsive INVASIVE SPECIES AND SPECIES the individual toxicity of 11 UV-filters in zebrafishDanio rerio. Fish protei n s l i ke H sp70 a nd a st rong redox reg u lator y mec ha n i sm we re AT RISK eggs were exposed to single UV-filter by contact with contaminated PERFORMANCES OF COMMON CARP found to play a crucial role in stress tolerance in Chironomus larvae. sed i me nt du r i ng 9 6h at a conce nt rat ion of 10 μ g /g. I n a fi rst t i me, (CYPRINUS CARPIO)? Among the biotic stressors, nematode-infested larvae were found to survival and hatching success were estimated. Then, larvae cardiac survive using a genetic polymorphism strategy involving inversion- FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:30 frequency and aerobic metabolic scope were measured on larval THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:40 heterozygotes as evidenced from the larval salivary gland polytene stage. Te n days su r v iva l wa s not a ffec ted by a ny of t he 11 U V-fi lte rs. chromosome studies. Furthermore, preliminary studies with OANA BIRCEANU (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), On the opposite, it was observed that Octocrylene reduced hatching HEATHER BAUMAN (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA), MARION PILLET (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), endogenous gutmicroflora of midge larvae have indicated a role for success at 4dpf. Cardiac frequency was reduced by Benzophenone JONATHAN M. WILSON (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, GIOVANNI CASTALDO (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), the microbiome in stress tolerance. The past evolutionary history and increased by Ethylexylsalicylate in 5 dpf-larvae. Preliminary CANADA), MICHAEL WILKIE (WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, ESSIE RODGERS (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), and remarkable adaptive features of this extremophilic insect group results regarding aerobic metabolic scope suggest that it may not be CANADA) RONNY BLUST (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM), provide an opportunity to address many unresolved issues of stress impaired by Benzophenone. biology research and its implications will be discussed. GUDRUN DE BOECK (UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP, BELGIUM) [email protected]

[email protected] Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) are an invasive species in the North American Great Lakes. Juveniles feed on economically and A13.34 VERY HUNGRY CATERPILLARS: The metal contamination of the aquatic environment is problematic A13.31 WHETHER WARMING MAGNIFIES c u lt u ra l ly i mpor ta nt fi shes, k i l l i ng up to 20 kg of fi sh du r i ng t h i s POLYETHYLENE METABOLISM IN due to the bioaccumulative, non-biodegradable and toxic proprieties THE TOXICITY OF A PESTICIDE life stage. Therefore, an integrated pest management program is of these elements. Some metals are essential but ultimately they THE GREATER WAXWORM (GALLERIA used to control their populations, which includes the application of may become inhibitory or toxic at high concentrations, while other IS STRONGLY DEPENDENT ON THE MELLONELLA) pesticides (lampricides), 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) (non-essential) have deleterious effects even at low concentrations. CONCENTRATION AND THE NULL MODEL and niclosamide, to tributaries infested with larval sea lampreys Previous studies have proven for example that metals can alter (ammocoetes). Lampricides target ammocoetes because they have a FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 metabolic pathways (such as the Krebs cycle and the electron FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:15 lowe r detox i ficat ion capac it y t ha n non-ta rget fi shes, wh ic h detox i fy transport chain), impact respiratory functions, increase ROS the lampricides via Phase II detoxification pathways. However, CHRISTOPHE MR LEMOINE (BRANDON UNIVERSITY, CANADA), produc t ion or reduces AT P produc t ion . T he objec t ive of ou r st udy i s VIENNA DELNAT (KU LEUVEN, BELGIUM), LIZANNE JANSSENS you ng of t he yea r ( YOY ) la ke st u rgeon ( Acipenser fulvescens) are HARALD GROVE (BRANDON UNIVERSITY, CANADA), CHARLOTTE to i nvest igate t he i mpac t s of Cu /Z n /Cd m i x t u re on t he sw i m m i ng (KU LEUVEN, BELGIUM), ROBBY STOKS (KU LEUVEN, BELGIUM) ju st a s se n sit ive to la mpr ic ides a s t he la r vae. We hy pot hesi ze t hat SMITH (BRANDON UNIVERSITY, CANADA), BRYAN J CASSONE pe r for ma nces a nd ae robic scope i n a fi sh model spec ies, t he com mon t h i s sen sit iv it y i s due to lowe r detox i ficat ion capac it y of t he YOY, (BRANDON UNIVERSITY, CANADA) carp Cyprinus carpio. Fish are subjected to Cu/Zn/Cd mixture [email protected] compa red to olde r st u rgeon . To t h i s end , la ke st u rgeon ( YOY a nd 1+ e x posu re at conce nt rat ion s represe nt i ng 10 % of t hei r 9 6 h LC (Cu = 50 year) and larval lampreys were exposed to environmentally relevant [email protected] 4 . 8 μ g / L , Cd = 2 . 9 μ g / L a nd Z n = 20 6. 8 μ g / L ) for 12 h, 1 day, 3 days and 1 How global warming changes the toxicity of contaminants is concentrations of TFM and niclosamide, alone and in combination. wee k . T hei r sta nda rd metabol ic rate (SM R) a nd ma x i mu m metabol ic a research priority at the intersection of global change biology Plastics are an integral part of our everyday lives due to their low cost, Compared to 1+ sturgeon, YOY and lampreys accumulated rate (MMR) are measured and aerobic scope (AS) is calculated. The and ecotoxicology. While many pesticides are more toxic at versatility, and durability. Unfortunately, these characteristics that greater amounts of both lampricides and lower amounts of the results will help us to have a better understanding of the mechanisms higher temperatures this is not always detected. We studied make them attractive to consumers also render them problematic glucuronidated and sulfated metabolites of TFM and niclosamide of toxicity impacting physiological performances during chronic whether deviations from this general pattern can be explained by for waste management. Indeed the natural physical degradation of in their tissues. Thus, delaying lampricide treatments until sturgeon a nd ac ute e x posu re to meta l m i x t u re. concent rat ion- dependent i nte rac t ion e ffec t s a nd by test i ng t he plastics such as polyethylene can take years, and although a select are older could mitigate potential adverse effects on this at risk interaction against the inappropriate null model. We exposed larvae few micro-organisms can biodegrade plastics, these processes are species. Notably, both lake sturgeon and ammocoetes accumulated of the mosquito Culex pipiens to three concentrations of the pesticide overall inefficient and relatively slow. However, recent reports greater amounts of the sulfated than the glucuronidated metabolite, chlorpyrifos (absence, low and high) in the absence and presence have described the ability of the larvae of the greater wax moth suggest i ng t hat t hey have a g reate r capac it y to detox i f y la mpr ic ides of 4°C wa r m i ng. Bot h t he low a nd h ig h c h lor py r i fos conce nt rat ion (Galleria mellonella) to metabolize polyethylene at much faster A13.30 UNIQUE RESPONSE PATTERNS than previously thought. This has important implications, because were lethal and generated negative sublethal effects: activity of rates than any microorganism described to date. Despite this OF CHIRONOMID MIDGE TO BIOTIC AND it suggests that sea lampreys may be able to evolve resistance to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and total fat content decreased, and impressive ability, little is known about the respective role of the la mpr ic ides by i nc rea si ng t hei r detox i ficat ion capac it y. ABIOTIC STRESS - AN EMERGING MODEL ox idat ive da mage to l ipid s i nc rea sed , yet g row t h rate i nc rea sed . waxworms and/or of their intestinal micro-organisms in this FOR STRESS BIOLOGY STUDIES Warming was slightly lethal, yet had positive sublethal effects: biodegradation process. Therefore, in the present study we evaluate growth rate, total fat content and metabolic rate increased, and these roles using a combination of next-generation sequencing and FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:00 ox idat ive da mage dec rea sed . For fou r out of seve n respon se va r iables traditional physiological approaches. In particular, we assessed t he i ndependent ac t ion model ident i fied t he e x pec ted sy ne rg i st ic A13.33 SEDIMENT EXPOSURE TO UV the consequences of polyethylene diet on the caterpillars and their BIMALENDU B NATH (SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, interaction between chlorpyrifos and warming. Notably, for FILTERS: IMPACT ON SURVIVAL, m ic robiome, a nd how modu lat i ng bac te r ia l abu nda nce a ffec ted INDIA), MALKA HALPERN (UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA, ISRAEL), t h ree va r iables (su r v iva l, AC h E a nd fat conte nt) t h i s wa s st rong ly HACHING SUCCESS, CARDIAC plastic degradation. Overall our results suggest that the microbiome LEENA THORAT (SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, INDIA) dependent on the chlorpyrifos concentration, and for two of these FREQUENCY AND AEROBIC METABOLIC plays an essential role in the biodegradation process. However, the (AC h E a nd fat conte nt) not a ssoc iated w it h a sig n i fica nt i nte rac t ion SCOPE IN ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) waxworm’s physiology is also profoundly affected by a polyethylene [email protected] in the general(ized) linear models. For survival and fat content, d iet , suggest i ng a role wel l beyond t he role of a “ bioreac tor ” for pla st ic wa r m i ng on ly potent iated C PF tox ic it y at t he low C PF concent rat ion , EMBRYO LARVAL STAGE degrading bacteria. Chironomid midge, an ecologically tractable organism, is emerging while the opposite was true for AChE. Our results highlight that as one of the suitable model systems to study biotic and abiotic stress taking into account concentration-dependence and appropriate FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:45 response in the contemporary scenario of climate change and null model testing is crucial to improve our understanding of the environmental crisis. All the developmental stages of chironomid tox ic it y of conta m i na nt s i n a wa r m i ng world . JULIE LUCAS (OCEANOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY OF BANYULS midge, an ancient group of dipteran insects that during the Jurassic- SUR MER - SORBONNE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE) Cretaceous period, can thrive under extreme environmental conditions, thereby qualifying it as a potential candidate for [email protected] investigating stress tolerance strategies at the cellular, biochemical and physiological level. In our laboratories, we have focused on U V-filters are widely used in many personal care products such va r iou s c l i mate -related st ressors a ffec t i ng f reshwate r ecosystem s as sunscreen and cosmetics to protect from U V ir rad iation. Due ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 220 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 221

could improve the welfare of variatus platy (Xiphophorus variatus) A13.35 PHYSIOLOGICAL PLASTICITY A13.36 EFFECT OF AMBIENT during commercial transport. Firstly, water conditioner was added A13.39 EFFECT OF EARLY LIFE UNDER LIFE WITHOUT WATER: A TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT to transport bags for either long (Singapore to Scotland, > 30 h; PERFORMANCE ON TELOMERE DYNAMICS n=16 bags of fish with and without water conditioner) or short BIOCHEMICAL TALE OF DIFFERENTIAL OF MORPHOLOGICAL, BEHAVIOURAL (wholesaler to retailer w ithin Scotland, < 9 h; n=11) commercial IN WILD BOAR PIGLETS (SUS SCROFA) STRESS TOLERANCE IN CHIRONOMUS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF transports. Secondly, enrichment was added to transport bags for AND DROSOPHILA A MARSUPIAL MAMMAL shor t (< 9 h ; n =12 bags w it h a nd w it hout e n r ic h me nt) com me rc ia l FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:15 transports. Behaviour, mortality and body injuries of platys we re mon itored on a r r iva l at t hei r dest i nat ion s. No d i ffe rences i n MAGDALENA SPIESSBERGER (RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:45 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:00 mor ta l it y or body i nju r y we re see n bet ween t reat ment s a nd cont rols; WILDLIFE ECOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, mortality remained low throughout (<5%). Following long-haul AUSTRIA), FRANZ HÖLZL (KONRAD LORENZ INSTITUTE LEENA JOHN THORAT (SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, CLARE STAWSKI (NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE transport, platys shipped with water conditioner showed less erratic OF ETHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, INDIA), BIMALENDU B NATH (SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE AND TECHNOLOGY, NORWAY), FRITZ GEISER (UNIVERSITY swimming and were less aggressive during recovery. Addition of AUSTRIA), STEVE SMITH (KONRAD LORENZ INSTITUTE OF UNIVERSITY, INDIA) OF NEW ENGLAND, AUSTRALIA) water conditioner during the shorter transport also resulted in less ETHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AUSTRIA), erratic swimming behaviour, although here an increase in chasing [email protected] [email protected] SEBASTIAN VETTER (RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WILDLIFE behaviour was seen during recovery. These studies indicate that ECOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AUSTRIA), Few organisms adopt desiccation tolerance as a unique tactic in Climate change is likely to affect many mammalian traits, yet little the use of water conditioners and enrichment warrants further THOMAS RUF (RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF WILDLIFE ECOLOGY, order to combat climate change-related stressors arising due to is known about how mammals respond to thermal challenges during research, particularly within transport chains were higher levels UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AUSTRIA), JULIA temperature-humidity imbalance. Interestingly, desiccation developme nt . We i nvest igated t he e ffec t of cont i nuou s cold or wa r m of mor ta l it y e x i st . NOWACK (NATURAL SCIENCES AND PSYCHOLOGY, LIVERPOOL tolerant organisms possess the ability to dry themselves out without e x posu re du r i ng development on mor pholog ica l, be hav iou ra l a nd JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) compromising on revival up on return of favourable conditions. functional variables of yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus Among poikilothermic animals, insects are enormously prone to flavipes), a semelparous Australian marsupial mammal. Captive- [email protected] physiological water deficits under seasonal and stochastic variations bred you ng we re e x posed to t wo a mbient tempe rat u res ( T ), cold a A13.38 EXITRONS: FROM THEIR Cond it ion s e x pe r ie nced du r i ng ea rly l i fe ca n have ma rked e ffec t s on in water availability. This study discusses the physiological (18°C) or warm (25°C), once weaned. We measured body mass DISCOVERY AND EVOLUTIONARY fit ness, hea lt h a nd su r v iva l of i nd iv idua l s, but l it t le i s k now n about biochemistry of desiccation tolerance in the terrestrial fruit weekly, activity continuously, and metabolic rates over a range of T a the underlying mechanisms. Previous studies have shown a strong fly, Drosophila melanogaste and the aquatic midge, Chironomus once they were adults. Treatments were reversed and metabolic rate ORIGIN TO PAN-CANCER PROFILING positive correlation between body mass at birth and subsequent ramosus. Strikingly, larvae of Chironomus and Drosophila measurements repeated after two months. Growth rates were similar performance of juveniles. This improved performance, which e x h ibited d i ffe re nt ia l st rateg ies to escape de hyd rat ion , wh ic h ca n in both groups, but was faster in males. Antechinus in the warm FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:00 includes increased survival probability, should select for high be attributed to them being evolutionarily distant and inhabiting group were initially more active than the cold group and decreased investment into somatic repair and maintenance and thus telomere ecologically diverse ecosystems. Compared to Chironomus, ac t iv it y when e x posed to cold , whe rea s t he cold g roup i nc rea sed MARIA KALYNA (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND length. Telomeres, the region of repetitive nucleotide sequences Drosophila showed higher tolerance threshold under acute ac t iv it y whe n e x posed to wa r m . I nte rest i ng ly, fe ma les c ha nged LIFE SCIENCES - BOKU VIENNA, AUSTRIA), PETER VENHUIZEN found at the end of chromosomes, play an important role in protecting desiccation. Furthermore, these data corroborated with surface their night-time activity when T was changed, whereas males (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES a the coding DNA and maintaining genomic integrity. We collected topological alterations observable using standardised parameters changed their daytime activity. Metabolic rates were originally - BOKU VIENNA, AUSTRIA), IDO TAMIR (VIENNA BIOCENTER data on telomere length during the first 4 months of life of 28 wild for environmental scanning electron microscopy. Among the unique lower in the warm group in comparison to the cold group for both CORE FACILITIES, AUSTRIA), YAMILE MARQUEZ (CENTRE boar piglets (Sus scrofa) f rom five l it te rs a nd l i n ked t hese data to physiological adjustments, high-throughput LC-QToFMS analysis, sexes and increased slightly for females, but not for males, after being FOR GENOMIC REGULATION (CRG), BARCELONA INSTITUTE OF body weight and different early life conditions of piglets. Our data biochemical assays and gene expression studies in Chironomus e x posed to cold . A f te r e x posu re to wa r m T , the metabolic rates of SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (BIST), SPAIN), ANDREAS SOMMER a show a clear correlation between birth weight and initial telomere revealed the involvement of the trehalose-chitin metabolic interface the cold group decreased significantly over the entire T -range (VIENNA BIOCENTER CORE FACILITIES, AUSTRIA) a length, with heavier neonates having shorter telomeres at birth. via a novel role for glucosamine for restoration of cuticular topology for bot h se xes. O u r resu lt s revea l t hat te mpe rat u res e x pe r ie nced Further, initial telomere length and birth weight predicted telomere (which was apparently absent in Drosophila). However, a pivotal role du r i ng development ca n i n fluence be hav iou ra l a nd physiolog ica l [email protected] length later in the piglet’s life. Interestingly, the negative correlation for trehalose as a dehydration-rehydration-responsive biomolecule traits in antechinus. Such phenotypic plasticity is vital for a species Alternative splicing is a major strategy to increase the diversity of between weight and telomere length diminished over time. Taken wa s prom i ne nt i n bot h t he la r va l g roups. Add it iona l ly, E lec t ron Spi n that within one year is dependent on a single breeding event and expressed information generating transcript and protein variants toget he r, ou r st udy suggest s a t rade - off bet wee n juve n i le g row t h Resonance analysis and a novel, non-invasive, whole larval live experiences a complete population turnover. with different fates and functions from a single gene. We have and telomere maintenance. i mag i ng tec h n ique e nabled u s to d i rec t ly a ssess t he sig n i fica nce identified an unusual type of introns (termed exitrons,EX onic of trehalose in the regulation of desiccation-mediated redox InTRONS) that allow alternative splicing of internal regions of homeosta si s. Ta ken toget he r, t hese f u nda menta l fi nd i ngs add u sef u l protein-coding exons. Exitrons utilize canonical core splicing insights to the gambit of survival machineries employed by insects A13.37 IMPROVING ORNAMENTAL signals. Exitrons originate from protein-coding exons, and their that ensure evasion from unfavourable environments. A13.40 REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT AND FISH WELFARE DURING COMMERCIAL evolution involved intron loss at the ancestral exon borders. TELOMERES - A LONGITUDINAL, TRANSPORT We have proposed a “splicing memory” hypothesis whereby imprints of former exon borders defined by vestigial splicing EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN JACKDAWS regulatory elements could drive the evolution of exitron splicing. CORVUS MONEDULA FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:15 A s e x it ron s a re i nte r na l pa r t s of t he protei n- cod i ng e xon s, t hey do not contain stop codons. Exitrons predominantly have sizes of MYRIAM VANDERZWALMEN (UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:30 multiples of three nucleotides. Thus splicing of these exitrons OF SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM), KATHERINE SLOMAN occurs in-frame. It results in internally deleted protein isoforms (UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST OF SCOTLAND, UNITED KINGDOM), CHRISTINA BAUCH (UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, often with changes in protein domains, disordered regions, and DONNA SNELLGROVE (WALTHAM CENTRE FOR PET NUTRITION, NETHERLANDS), JELLE J BOONEKAMP (UNIVERSITY OF va r iou s post-t ra n slat iona l mod i ficat ion sites, t he refore broad ly UNITED KINGDOM), PETER CAREY (PETS AT HOME, GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS), ELLIS MULDER (UNIVERSITY OF impacting protein function. Thousands of exitrons are present in UNITED KINGDOM) GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS), SIMON VERHULST (UNIVERSITY different species from humans to plants. Exitrons are differentially OF GRONINGEN, NETHERLANDS) regulated in tissues, by stress and in disease including cancer. We [email protected] a re i nte rested i n eluc idat i ng t he ba si s of suc h d i ffe re nt ia l reg u lat ion [email protected] M i l l ion s of or na menta l fi shes u nde rgo t ra n spor t eve r y yea r a nd and role of exitrons in gene expression. Interestingly, exitrons are as a result can experience high levels of stress. Previous research also present in genes that are frequently mutated in cancers and Where resources are limited, life-history theory predicts that ha s foc u sed on ma i nta i n i ng good wate r qua l it y du r i ng t ra n spor t; that are commonly used as cancer markers and potential targets reproduction comes at the expense of somatic maintenance and, few studies have considered how the transport environment might for anticancer therapeutics. We will present and discuss analyses ultimately, reduced lifespan. However, the underlying mechanisms be manipulated, e.g. using water conditioners or enrichment to of d i ffe re nt ca nce r t y pes to ide nt i f y m i sreg u lated e x it ron spl ic i ng remain poorly understood. Telomeres – DNA-protein structures at en ha nce fi sh wel fa re. We i nvest igated whet he r a com me rc ia l wate r events with potential roles in cancer. chromosome ends – are a candidate biomarker as short telomeres conditioner (containingAloe vera) or environmental enrichment relate to reduced health and survival in birds and many other ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 222 SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY

organisms. Previous investigations in our study population of free- tortoises presented noticeably lower susceptibility to PTP opening l iv i ng jac kdaws have show n t hat i nd iv idua l s w it h a n e x pe r i me nta l ly than common model organisms and short lifespan species. THE SEB GIVES ME THE OPPORTUNITY i nc rea sed reproduc t ive e ffor t su ffe red a n i nc rea sed rate of ac t ua r ia l TO BROADEN MY MIND OUTSIDE senescence, an effect we show to persist in an expanded data set. Our subsequent aim was to test if telomere dynamics mediate or MY VERY OWN NARROW FIELD OF reflect the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. To this A13.42 AMPHIBIOUS FISH HIT THE RESEARCH AND TALK TO SCIENTISTS end, we applied a longitudinal brood size manipulation approach to GYM: JUMP TRAINING IMPROVES i nc rea se or reduce brood si ze ove r l i fe i n jac kdaw pa re nt s. I nd iv idua l- ALL OVER THE WORLD. LOCOMOTORY PERFORMANCE ON LAND based data on reproduction and blood samples for telomere analysis SEB EARLY CAREER SCIENTIST MEMBER were collected during every breeding season since 2005. We find that telomere attrition rate did not differ between experimental FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:00 groups rearing enlarged or reduced broods throughout their lives, despite the increased rate in actuarial senescence in individuals PATRICIA A WRIGHT (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), w it h e x pe r i menta l ly i nc rea sed reproduc t ive e ffor t. Howeve r, t he WILLIAM MCFARLANE (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA), relationship between telomere length and survival was affected GIULIA ROSSI (UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA) by reproduc t ive e ffor t; wh i le t he re wa s no relat ion sh ip bet wee n telomere length and survival for parents raising reduced broods, [email protected] in parents raising enlarged broods only individuals with the Moving around on land poses many biomechanical challenges for longest telomeres survived. We will discuss these results in a life- amphibious fishes, as air and water have dramatically different history context. properties. Amphibious fishes have evolved anatomical and physiological features that allow them to move between water and land. But does more time out of water actually enhance terrestrial locomotory performance? In the amphibious mangrove A13.41 HIGH RESISTANCE TO rivulus,Kryptolebias marmoratuswe were surprised that two CALCIUM-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL weeks of inactivity on land actually improved tail flip jumping PERMEABILITY TRANSITION PORE performance, increased oxidative (not glycolytic) skeletal muscle OPENING IN THE LONG-LIVED RED- fibre size and decreased lactate accumulation (after a bout of ju mpi ng ) compa red to cont rol fi sh i n wate r. Fol low up e x pe r i ment s FOOTED TORTOISE CHELONOIDIS showed t hat t he i nc rea se i n fibre si ze wa s due, i n pa r t to t he h ig he r CARBONARIA (CHELONIA, REPTILIA) availability of oxygen in air relative to water. We then asked whet he r shor t bu rst s of repeated e xe rc i se t ra i n i ng on la nd wou ld GREAT FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:45 also lead to better jumpers ability and skeletal muscle remodeling. I ndeed e xe rc i sed fi sh we re i mproved ju mpi ng a nd had i nc rea sed MARINA R SARTORI (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS ox idat ive fibre si ze/capi l la r y den sit y, relat ive to u nt ra i ned fi sh . UNICAMP, BRAZIL), CLAUDIA D C NAVARRO (UNIVERSIDADE T hese fi nd i ngs revea l t hat ox idat ive skeleta l mu sc le i s h ig h ly pla st ic ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS UNICAMP, BRAZIL), ROGER F CASTILHO i n K . ma r morat u s. O u r data suggest t hat fi sh t hat spend more t i me (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS UNICAMP, BRAZIL), out of wate r, espec ia l ly mov i ng a rou nd , w i l l reap t he be ne fit s of a n ANIBAL E VERCESI (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS e n ha nced abi l it y to ju mp t hat w i l l a id i n d i spe rsa l, prey capt u re a nd MINDS U N I C A M P, B R A Z I L) escaping predation.

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The interaction between Ca2+ accumulation and redox imbalance regulates opening of a highly regulated and nonspecific mitochondrial pore, the permeability transition pore (PTP). The pore is considered a major cause of cell death, diseases and aging. We have recently shown that a short-lived species, the marsupial Gracilianus microtarsus, is remarkably susceptible to PTP opening. On the other hand, many turtles present negligible senescence and are potential model organisms for understanding longevity. While many physiological properties of turtles have been characterized, the adaptations in the aerobic powerhouses of cells, the mitochondria, are unknown. In this study we characterized liver mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca2+ rete nt ion capac it y of juve n i le a nd adu lt red- footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria), ranked at the 16th position from a 122 species of a testudines longevity list. Wistar rats were used as a reference standard. Complex I-linked uncoupled and phosphorylating respiration rates of tortoise liver mitochondria were approximately 50% higher in juveniles than in adults. Ca2+ retention capacity did not differ between juvenile and adult tortoises (312 ± 44 nmol Ca2+/mg protein) but was remarkably higher in comparison to rat s (41 ± 9 n mol Ca 2+/mg protei n) u nde r t he sa me e x pe r i me nta l cond it ion s. T he P T P i n h ibitor c yc lospor i ne A sig n i fica nt ly i nc rea sed the resistance of the tortoise mitochondria to Ca2+ overload and this Share your ideas, test your thinking and be inspired by others at our meetings effect was higher in juveniles than in adults. Indeed, these results and events. Society for experimental Biology brings together experimental support the relationship between PTP properties and lifespan, as biologists from around the globe covering the breath of biological exploration. www.sebiology.org/events