RR
DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK
District Census Handbook ia being brought out in two volumes - part A and r part B for each district separately. The part 'A volume consists of "mage and tOWD directories, giving baaic information relating to infra-structure and amenities and total population of each village and town as thrown up by 1981 Census. The non ctnsus information r~latied to the year 1979 w 80/19tlO·Sl. making it almost :,ynchronous with the 1981 population census. Part 'B' volume presents primary census data, known in census- jargon as 'frimary Census Abstract' (peA') for each village and town. The peA gives total population witb scheduled castes/scheduled tribes, literates, main workers by main categories, marginal workers and non-workers break up. It is important for the readers to acquaint themselves with census concepts of general imp;.,r tance and the scope of village and tCWJ1 dirtctories as have been discussed under separate heads namely:
(a) Census Concepts (b) Village Dirt:ctory (c) Town Directory.
A. CENSUS CONCEPTS
1. Rural and Urban Areas
The census data are presentea oy rural and urban areas. A rural area is non urban consisting of revenue villages with well defined boup daries which is the smallest unit in the hierarchy of administrative units. It may comprise of several hamlets. Yet it is considered one unit fc r the presentation of. data. Habitations in foresl areas are also considered as villages and each forest range officer's beat is considered as one forest village.
Urban areas have been especially defined (or the purpose of popUlation Census, 1 he definition is treated with sou~e flexibility with a view to accommodating minor variations for meeting the exigency of the situation. An urban unit has been defined as follows:
(a) aU places with a municipality, corporation. or cantollment board or notified/town area:
(b) all other places which satisfied the folk.wing criteria :
li) A minimum population of 5,000;
(ii) At least 75% of the male working population engagC'd in non agricultural activity and-, XXVI· 11..
(iii) A popuJation of at least 400 per Sq. km. (or one thousand pet SIt. mile.)
Allied agricultural activities such as fishing, logging etc. have been considered agricultural in 1981 census for determining the proportion of engagemtnt of ttlale popu lation in non"a.g1'ic\11tural activitiea for the purpose of declaring a place a town.
2. UrbaD Agglomeration
The concept of Urban Agglomeration of the 1971 is also adopted for 1981 census. Very often the growth of towns over-lapped the .statutory limits of the city or town. Large railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, industrial arpas et c. came up outside the limits of the town but they form continuous growth with the town. These outgrowths- mayor may not by themselves qualify to be treated as separate towns but these outgrowths deserve to be treated as urban areas. Such a town with their out growth areas is treated as one urban unit aad called 'Urban Agglomeration' and Urban Agglomeration may constitute:
(i) A city with centinuous outgrowths, (the part of outgrowth being outside the statutory limits but falling wIthin the boundaries of the adjoining , village or villages).
(ii) One town with similar outgrowth or two or more adjoining toWns with their outgrowths as in .(i); or
(iii) A city and ,one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths all of which form a continuous spread.
3. Census House
A 'census house' is a building or a part 0'£ a building having a separate main entrance from the road or common court y::t.rd or staircase etc; used recognsscd as a separate unit. It may be vacant or occupied. It may be used for residential or non.. residential purpos~ or both.
4. Household
A household is. group (if persons who commonly live together and who take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigency of work prevents them from doing so. There may be a household of persons related by blood or untelated persons or having a mix of both. Examples of unrelated households are boarding houses, messes, hostels, residential hotels, rescue homes, jails, ashrams etc. These are called institutionalhouse holds. 'Fhere may be one-member household, two-member households or multi-member hauseholds. For census purpose, each o~e of thrse types is regarded i'~ Ii house~ld, 5. Scheduled Cutes, Scheduled Tribes
A person has been returned al belonging to a scheduled caste or scheduled tribe if caste or tribe to which he belongs ia included in the schedule of the State. Scheduled CAste can belong to Hindu or Sikh religion. However, a person belonging to scheduled tribe can profess ~ny religion.
Literate.
A person who can both read and write with understanding in any language is _to be taken as literate. A person who can merely read but ,cannot write, is 'not a literate. It is not necesfary that a person who is literate should have ;eceived any formal educa tion or Ihould have passed any minimum educational standard.
7. Worken:
In 1981 census, the economic Itatus of a person has been classified as :
(i) Main Worker
(ii) Marginal WQrker
(iii) Non-Worker
The dichotomy of workers and non-workers of 1961 and 1971 census has been di'scarded in 1981 census and time disposition criterio.n in economic activity with onc year reference period is adopted. A person who has -engaged himself in ec\)nomic activity for tiJ.ajor part of· the year (atleast 183 days) is considered as main worker while those who have worked in for some time dUring the la',t year but not major part of the year have been treated as marginal worker. Those who have not worked at all dUring the one year reference period are non-workers.
Work has been defined as partJ.c.ipation in any e,.conomically productive activity. I Such participation may be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also effective supervirion and direction of work.
8. Culti,ator
A person is considered a cultivator if he has engaged in cultivation as a single 'Worker or family worker of land owned or held from. Govt. ar held. from pIivate persons or institutions for payment in money, kind or share. Cultivation includes supervision or direction of cultivation.
Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing and harvesting and production of cereals and millet crops and other craps-such as sugar cane, ground nuts tapioca etc. and pulses", xxx
raw jute and kindered fibre crops, cotton etc. and does not include fruit and vegetable growing or keeping of orchards or groves or working on plantation like tea. coffee; rubber etc.
9. Agricultural Labourer
A person who works in another person's land for wages in money, kind or share should be regarded as an agricultural labourer. He does not have a risk in the cultiv ation bu t merely works in ,ano ther person's land for wage •.
10. Uousehold Industry
Household Industry is defined as an industry conducted ~y the pead of the househuld himself/herself and or by the members of the household at home or within the precincts of the house where the household lives in urban areas. The larger propor~ tion of workers in a household industry should consist of members of the household including the head. The industry should not be run on the scale of a registered factory which would qualify or has to be registered under the Indian Factories Act.
Industry implies production, processing, servicing or repair of articles or goods! such as handloom weaving) dyeing, carpentry, bidi rolling, pottery manufacture, bicycle: repairing, blacksmithy, tailoring etc.
11. Other Worked ' All 'Workers, who are not cultivators or agricultural labourers or engaged in Household Industry are treated, as other workers. This category covers factory and plantation workers. government servants, municipal employees, teachers, priests, entertai~ nment artists, workers engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport, mining, conhruction etc.
B. VILL&GE DIRECTORY
The village directory as the title connotes presents information pertaining to rural areas. The directory of villages is presnted for each tehsil in a separate series with the villages arranged in ascending order of the hcation cod€ serials. The village directory of each tehsil is preceded by a list of villages in which the villages are indexed by Hindi, English alphabets with their location code numbeIS. The name"of each ,village is also indicated in Roman Script.
The villages which have been wholly merged in ,Municipal ,Boards town areas _contonments are not borne on the jurisdictional list of tehsils and consequently they are not covered in the village directory.
However, the vi11ages treated as an outgrowth of an Urban Agglomeration or .>town are listed in the village directory but no data are presented against the name of xxxi
these villages in the viIJage directory. The fact that a village is an outgrowth of a town is indic<ed against the name of such a village. All these villages are listed in the Primary Cen~us Abstract (rural) without presenting their data for providing crols refere nces. The uninhabited or depopulated ~illages are listed without giving village diret tory information, except the area of the villages. A note a.gainst such a village indi cates the .state of its being depopulated or uninhabited.
The village directory brings out basic information about a village. These data can be classified into the following catrgories.
1. Population and households Col. 4
2. Amenities Cols. 5 to 10
3. Other ill~ra·structuraJ faciJitjes etc~ Cols. lIto 14 and 20
4. Land use data Cols. Sand 15 -19
1. PopulatioD and Households
The population of each village as on the sun rise of March 1981 obtained from the 1981 census is given in column 4. ~ The number of household is indicated with the brackets.
2. Amenities_•
-If an amenity is available within the village, the kind of amenity available is indicated by codes. If not available a dash is indicated and the distance range within w~i~h available outside the village is given within brackets. Three ranges of distance of availability have been formed for facilitating c )llection and presentation of data, ThesQ ranges are: (a) Below 5 Km's. indicated by (-5), (b) (5-10) Kms. indicated by \5 -10) and ( c) 10 Kms. and above indicated by (10 +)
The codes used for depi'cting amenities are explained i~ -the f6110wing paras:
(i) Educational Amenities (Col. 5)
~ The type or educational institutions located w:thin the village is represented by the following codes. The number of each of such an jn~titution is given within brackets:
Primary or elementary school Nursery school, Kindergarten, Pre ba.. ic, Pre-primary, Junior basic p
Senior basic school, Junior High School, Middle School M
Matriculation or Secondary H xxxii
Higher Secondary, Intermediate College, Pre-university PUC
College graduate level & above c
Industrial School I
Training School TR
Adult Literacy Class/Centre AC Other Educational Institution... o (ii) Medical Facilities (Col. 6)
The availability of medical facilities withiD the village is indicated by the follow ing codes. The number of institutions located within the village or serving practitlo.. ners is given within brackets.
Hospital H
Maternity & Child Welfare Centre MeW
M-aternity Home MJi • Child Welfare Center cwe
Primary Health Center FHC
Health Centre HC
Primary Health Sub-centre PHS
Dispensal'Y D
Family Planning Centre FPC
T. B. Clinic TB
Nursing Home NH
Registered Private Practitioner RP Subsidised Medical Practitioner SMP Community Health Worker CHW Other 0
(iii) Drinking Water (Col. 7)
The potable drinking water supply sources avallaQ!e within the village are depoted by the following codes: · xxxiil
Tap water T
Well watcr ,W
Tank water TK
Tube-well water TW
Hand Pump HP
River water R
Fountain F
Canal c
Lake L
Spring
Nallah N
Other o
Information not available NA
(h') Post " Telegraph (Col. 8)
The post and telegraph facilities available within the village are indicated by the following codes :
Post Office PO
Post an? Telegraph Office
, Telegraph Office TO
Telephone Connection Phone
(v) Day or Days of the Market (Col. 9) ,
- If a weekly or bi-weekly market is held within the village, the day or days on which-it is held is indicated. The days are indicated by Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, and Sat. A market held fortnightly or monthly in a remote village, is also given and this fact is clearly brought out by indicating monthly/fortnightly.
(vi) Communications (Col. 10)
If a bus or railway station is located within the village or is served by navigable 'Wfi,terways, the followin~ codes ~ive the kind of f~cilitie$ avajlable within the vil~ge : xx)civ
Bus BS
Railway Station as
Navigable water way (including river, canal, hack waters etc.) NW
3. Other lofrastructural Facilities, etc.
(i) Approach to the villags (Col. 11)
The approach to the village is represented by the following codes:
Pucca Road PR
Kachha Road KR
Navigable River NR
(ii) Nearest Town (Col. 12)
The name of the nearest town to a vilJage is indicated and the distance IS given in Kfl!s. within brackets.
(iii) Power Supply (Col. 13)
The following codes are used for the power supply i\vailable within the village:
Electricity for domestic purpose ED
Electricity for Agriculture EAG
Electricity for other purpose like industrial commercial etc. EO
Electricity for all purpose Hsted ablJve EA
I (h) Staple (ood (Col. 14)
The food grains used as staple food in a village for major part of the year are indicated.
(v) Remark (Col. ~O)
The following items of illformatiori are fumi.shed in this column and are indi cated by the code given against each.
(a Copies of the newspaper eorning in the village N
(b) Motor cycle/Scooters available .in the village M
(c Cars/Jeeps available in the village C
(d) Tractors avai~able in the vilIa~e l' (e) Tern. indicates temples of importance. Other places of importance are given by names. 'Ihe numerical strength of each item is indica,ed by numerical appendage to the code. For instance. N 32 indicated 32 copies of newspaper coming in the "mage.
4. Land use Datil
1. Area of the village (Col. 3)
The area of the village is based on village records. , -
2. Land use claslification
The standard classification of land use data are given below:
1. Forests
2. Not available for cultivation. 2.1 Lands.. put to non.. agricultural uses . ·2.2 Bar~en and uncultivable lands.
3. Other uncu~tivated lands excluding f~llow lands.
3.1 Permanent Pastures and other grazing lands.
3.2 Land under miscellaneous tree crops aQd groves not included m the net area sown.
3.3 Culturable waste.
4. Fallow lands
4.1 Current fallows. 4.2 Other fallows.
5, Net area sown
There is a departure from the standard classification in presentation of land use data in village directory. However, both classification arc indentifiable with each other as given below.
Village Directory
Standard Classification (with Sl. No. of category).
1. Forests (Col. 15) , Forest (1)
2. Irrigated by sources (Col. 16) Net area sown (5) plus plus jfxJCvi
S. Un irrigated (Col. 17) Fallow land (4.1 +4.2)
4. Culturable waste (Col._ 18) 1. Permanent pastures & other ' graz_ing lands (3.1)
2. Land under miscellaneous tree crops etc. (3.2)
3. Oulturable wastes (3.3)
5. Area not ava_ilable for cultivation (Col. 19) 1. Land put to non-agricultural
USES (2.1)
2. Barren and uncultivable l~nd (2.2)
Irrig_tio. b1 sonras (Col. 16)
The sources of not irrigated area are represented by the following codes:
Government Canal GO
Well (without electricity) W
Private Canal PC
Well (with electricity) WE
Tubewell (without electricity) TW
Tubewell (with electricity) TWE
Tank TK
River R
Lake L
Waterfall WF
Others 0
Total T
C. Towa Directory The Town Direfi:tory covers all the town in a district. Tht; t9wns are arranged by English alphabetical order. The data are presented in seven statements serially ijumbered I to IV1 IVA V, and VI. xxxvii
The foIl. wing mode of listing of towns has been followed:
(i) All the town having statutory status which are not the part of an Urban Agglomeration is listed once in the alphabetical arrangrment of the • towns.
~ii) all the towns which are part of an VI ban Agglomeration and enjoy independent status of a statutory town are liste"J twice-in the alphabetical
arrangement of the towns as '\1\ ell as under the main town of an Urban Agglomerations. However the data are presented separately only once under the main town. In alphabetical arrangement a note is given against such towns that they are Part of such and such Urban Agglomeration.
(iii) The outgrowths of a town which do not qualify themselves for being treated as independent towns are not listed in the main body of the Directory. They have been explained by a footnote to tb,e main town and the data relating to outg'rowth are merged with the m'lin town.
(iv) Census towns are also listed in the body of Directory. These are the towns which do not enjoy statutory status but are declared towns for the purpose of population census.
The important concepts used in the town directory are discussed in the follow ing paras:
_ Class of Town: (State!nent I Col. :2.)
The Lowns are ~lasslfied, into following six groups by populatioD; size criterion:
Population Class
100 JOOO ana above I
50,000-99,999 II
20,000-49,999 III
10,000-19,99!) IV
5,000- 9,999 V
Below- 5,000 VI
Civic Administration (Statement I Col. 2~
The civic administration status of a town is indicated by codes' explained below:
Munici.pal Corporation M. Corp. xxxviii . Municipal Board M.B.
Cantonment Board C.B.
Notified Area Committee N. A.C.
Town Area T.C. Census Town C.T.
Road Length (Statement IV Col. 6)
The total road length within each town is to be given by the following codes.
Pucca Road PR
Kachcha Road KR
System of sewerage (Statement IV & IVA Col. 7)
The system of sewerage and drainage are represented by the following codes:
Sewer S
Open Surface drains OSD
Box Surface drains BSD
Sylk drains SD
Cesspool method CD
Pit system Pt
Two systems in order of importance one following the other are in dicated 1n codes. . Methods of dillposal of Night Soil (Statement IV & IVA Col. 1 I)
The various methods of disposal of night soil are indicated by the followin a codes: "
Head Loads HL
Baskets B
Wheel barrows WB
Septic tank latriVfs ST
~ewer~e S xxxix
Upto two methods in order of their importance in the toWIl one following the other are indicated in codes.
Protected Water supply (Statement IV Col. 12 & 13) Water Supply:
The following codes are Uled for indieating protected water suppJy systeml sources:
(A) Sources of water supply (Col. 12)
Tubewell water/Handpump 1W
Tap water T Well, Water w Tank Water TK
(B) System of storage (Col. 13)
Oyerhead tank OHT
Service reservoir SR
River infiltration gallery IG
Borewell Pumping System BWP
Pressure Tank PT
Fire fighting service (Statement IV Col. 14)
'Yes' is recorded if fire fighting services are available within the town. In case not avai lable within the town the name of the nearest palce if in the same district or nam.e or the nearest district if out side the district where fire ,fighting services are avaiable is indicated.
Medi<;al Facilities (Statement V Col. 4 & 5)
The following codes are used for representing medical facilities:
Hospital H
Dispensary D
Health Centre He
Family Planning Centr~ FC
T. B. Clinic TB xxxx
Nursing Home NH
Others o
The above classification gives. the institutions by type but cloes not reflect on tte system of medicine practised in these institutions A. further distinction is at tempted by f classifying these intiatution by various sy~tems cf medicine as represented by the {oHowing codes:
Ayurvedic A
Unani u Homoeopathic Hom.
If none of the above codes IS given. an allopathic syslem of wedicine is indicated. The system of medicine practised and number of institutions are indicated within brackets appended to the code representing the type of medical institutions. For illustration code H (A-I, 2) indicates one Ayurvedic hospital and two Allopathic hospitals.
Educational Facilities (Statement V -Col. 6-9)
(i) Arts, science and commerce colleges imparting eduation of 'degree level and above are represented by the following codes :
Arts only A
Science only S A rts and science only AS
Commerce only C
Arts and commerce only AC
Combined for all categories-arts, science and commerce ASC,
Law L
(ii) Recognized type-writing short hand institution and other vocational institutes are indicated by the codes given below :
Shorthand SH
Typewriting Type
Shorthand & Typewriting Sh. Type Other a xxxxi
(iii Medical, Engineering Colleges and _polytechnic: The number of each type of institution is indicated in the relevant column by giving the numbt"T,
If there are m~re than one educationa.l institutions, the number is indic,ded within brackets appended to the codes.
If an educational fa,c_ility is n(,t available within the town, name of the nearest place within the distnct or name of the district If outside the district where such ,a facility is available is indicated. The distance hom the town of such a place is given in Kms. within brackets.
Yublic Libraries incluthng Reading Rooms (Statement V Uol. 20)
These facilities are represented by the following codes:
Public Library PL
Reading Room RR
ANALYT1CAL NOTE
HISTORY: Antiquity of Mainpuri is ambiguously traced. Quasi-factual episodes are woven in narratives of legends and myths; which are wanting in coherent details. The district forms a part of Braj land and was a stage of lasting value for the upsurge of Bhakti-cult during the medieval times. I Mayan', the God of love, is customarHy associated with the name of the district. Raja of Rapri was distinctly a ruler of the district around 1194 A.D. He was defeated by Sbahab-ud-Din Ghauri. It is generally agreed that the district was under Hanhavaldhan and Kannauj rulers before submitting to the Muslims. Mosque at Rapri was· constructed by Ma.lik K.afur, an able Lieutenant of Sultan Ala-ud-Din Khilji in 1312 A.D. During the reign of Khilji's Bhongaon was seat of a petty chief. His premature insurrection against Mohammad Sbah Tughlaq by allying with Tomars was made abortive by the concerted moves of Delhi contingents. An episode involving the wife of a Bhongaon ruler led to the fall of Saiyed's and supremacy of Lodis in Delhi.
Great Moghuls and the Afghan ruler Sher Shah Sud wero certainly in command of this district. The district was in the subah of Agra during the reign of Akbar. The mahals of the district were spread over to the sarkars of Agra and Kannauj.
The British swiftly took the reign in their hands in 1801. They made Shikohabad a military out post from 1803. During the mutiny, the district volunteered massive crusades against the imperialists. 'Ihe unrest perpetuated in a grave crisis and threatened the administration in the district. The edifice of Raj suffered a severe jolt1 in as much as the British barely succeeded in Q.ormalising the administration with timely deployment of GW2I.lior troops against mutineers. The after math of 1857 revolt cul minated in brute kil1ing~ and harsh sentences on the innocent, natives. Congress led movements stirred a!l'sections of people in the district and they were in forefront in fight against the British oppression. The district attained freedom from the imperialistic shackles in 1947.
Location: Occupying south-west an portion of state, the district is spread over 4,343 sq. kms. and is situated between latitude 26'> 53' and 27 J 31' north and longitude 78" 27' and 79° 26' east. North and south sides of the district are flanked by districts of Btah and Etawah respectively with eastern border against district of Farrukhabad aeparated by Kali Nadi. B0undary of the district in south-west is natural and is traced by river Yamuna.
Topograpby aDd Climate :
The district is situated in the doab of rivers:Ganga and Yamuna and alluvial 2 soil is marked by excess of dumat and pilia. Drainage is according to the Ilope of terrain, the course being from north-west to south-east. The south-western itretch of the district is cOllJlne,i by the river Yamuna and is full vf bellar or ravines since the river flows through the windjng channel. Kali, Isan I Sirsa, Arind or Rind and Sengar are other important streams imposed by fertile cachhar lands. Evenly distributed bAut and matiyar soils are extreme and hard for cultivation but fortunately these do not occur extensively. The usa1 lands carry within them several mineral deposits and ~t places do not bear even the growth of glasses. The comm.n places of occurrence of usaT land are at the heads of various rivulets. Except for the basins of Kali and Isan that are allied to the Ganges systeml the rest are the tributaries of Yamuna river.
Climatic parameters are typical of other sub-di~tricts. While dust storms and westerly hot winds are cl)mmon feature of summers, the winter is not spared of frequent hail storms and frosts, the latter especially injUrious. to pulses crops. Greatest precipitation owes to monsoonic origin and a normal raini'all of 715 mms. occur annually.
Flora aDd Fau.na ;
Wild vegetations and animals are scarce thanks to reckless poaching and pressure on land for cultivation. Naturally, the wasteland {ormed b) usar plains are best habitat of surviving species. These patches of laod are full with dhak and babul trees and are inviting refuse fur black Luck, nilgai and chinkaras. Untraced ravines In the south of distnct formed by furious YamUI,a are likely habltat of few of h}aenas, panthers, leopard and wolves. jhils and lakes of the district are the resort of"\\ ild fowl and snipe. Wells in Yamuna basin are frequented with pigeons. :'acred peacock is common everywhere. Yamuna and KaJi Naoi bas~ns are plent.iful in grey partridge aud black partridge res pe'ctiveJy. These riverd breed few of crocodiles and alligatolS.
RoP", paTli, sauli and nng are the m0st prevalent fish Mullet ane! malIaslter are not rare.
PIaQe. of Tourist Ioterest :
Few sit.es of architectural remains and legendary shrines are certainly of tourist interest. Tourist with a penchant for remote ages may well make a visit to the village of Akbarpur Auncha. An old shrine unaccessible due to blockage of lts entrance is pre served at this place. Till the date, the antiquity of this old shrine is uncertain. Nearby ruined brick and mud fort is identified with the Emperor Akbar. However, for a lay tourist, main attraction lies with the Rikhi Asthan, a religious pagoda erected in l873 A.D. Some scul_(Jtures of Vaishnawite leanings have been traced and belong probably to 277 A.D.
Village Padham in tahsil Jasrana is famous for sacrificial pit erected by mythi cal king Janmejaya, J n local parlance the pit is synonymous with Parikshit Kund. The 3 tank is absolutely of mythic profundities, however, rins of a fort, some-stone sculptures and an ancient well: the latter named after Puranic king.Parikshit, imparts this village with some dubious historical qualities. Shrine of Jokhaiya at village Paindhat \J"4srana tahsil) is resort of a great fair that is held in the months of Magh and Asarlt. The reason behind this famous event is purely legendary, Village folks of this district and of neighbouring districts visit t.he village in large numbers to offer their devotions with a view to getting blessed with offspring and easy child Lirtp.. Admioistratiy(' Uoitl : There are five tahsils in the district. These are ]asrana, Shikohabad, Karhal, Mainpuri :md Bhongaon. There are 15 development blocks having 132 nayaya pan- « chayats which comprise 1,074 gram sabhas. 'I here are only 11 towns in the district, 1 he following table presents the hierarchy of administratiy-e units. Table 1 : Administrative Units
N U M B E R OF District/Tahsil Area in r------"------...... ])eve lopment block sq,krns. Nayaya Gram Revenue villages
PanchaN Sabhas, r---..A-~~ Towns yats Total Inhabited
1 2 3 4 S 6 7
1. Jasrana 82l.1 24 196 274 267 2 1. Eaka 343.8 8 65 96 93 2. Khergarh 235.4 9 75 III 109 3. Jasrana 225.7 7 56 67 65
) ~. Sbikobab~d 7tl.8 28 229 289 2~ 2 1. Sbikohabad 228.9 9 85 99 98 2. Araon 201.3 7 57 69 69 3. Madanpur :09.8 12 87 121 116 3. Karbal 565.9 18 154 193 192 1 1. Barnabal 207.9 8 72 89 89 2. Karbal 345.1 10 82 104 103 4. Mainpuri 999.0 l6 293 25~ 245 2. 1. Gbiror 338.9 9 61 74 72 2. Kuraoli 262.0 9 80 104 98 3. Mainpuri ;;74.9 8 62 77 7S s. Bbongaon 1,185.1 :16 292 414 384 1. Sultangaoj 300.6 10 81 102 98 2. Jagir 198.0 S 44 57 57 3. Bewar 286.1 12 HlO 157 142 3. Kishni 375.1 9 67 98 87
Total 4,343.0 132 1.074 1,425 1,371 11 4
Note: The difter-ence between the sum of the area of the tahsils and the total area of the district is attributable to the varying systems of accounting by two sources.
SourceS :
1. Block Ar~a-Sankhakiya Patrika, Mainpuri, 1981.
2. Tahsil Area-Board of Revenue, U. P.
3. District Area-Surveyor General, India.
Infra Structure: District of Mainpuri is served by a total1ength of 789 kms. of roads. A total length of 745 kms. of roads is being managed by P. W. D. and the r("st by local bodies. About 185.44 kms. of road is available for every thousand sq. kms. of area and that was slightly less than 201 kms. for the state uf U.P. in that year. Availability of 54.58 kms. of road for a lakh of population was awefully inadequate. Vital need of roads in the pr.ogress of the district is duly recognised by the current sixth plan by according to it a priority. Broad gauge rail road traverses 99 kms.
The district consumes 75,391 kwh. of electricity. Irrigation claims more than fifty per cent of the total consumption. Industries follow next with a consumption of 21,143 kwh. Domestic consumption, however, is small being merely 4,938 kwh. Con sumption per capita shows poor position of the district. An inhabitant of the district uses niggardly 43.67 kwh. against per capita consumption of 88.83 kwh. for 1 he state of U. P.
Irrigation net work is dominated I;>y tube-wells t~lat account for 59,36 per cent of irrigation done by all sources. There are 357 state owned tube-wells and 10,354- privately owned tube-wells. Capacity of this source of irrigation is yet to be fully capitalised. Canals with a share of 34.18 per cent of irrigated area is the second largest source. Length of channels of upper and lower Ganges canals in the district is 884 kms. Irrigational facilities of 2.12 lakh hectares are proposed to be created during the
period of sixth plan. The construction of Teh i damj intermediate Ganges canal and paraUellower Ganges canals has been proposed to achieve this aim. Ti I 1979 -80, about 1.80 lakh hectares of net-work of irrigation was created by all sources. Small farmers are using 14,056 pumping sets.
Role of institutional finances in sphere of accelerated development is undisputed and infra-structural shortages in finances invariably block the schemes. Nearly 41 branches of nationalised banks and 15 branches of regional rural banks are ~roviding services. Fifteen branches of Co-operative banks and five branches of Land development banks are of much help in easing out the burden of funding. As many as 89 branches Qf credit societies are contJibuting their mite in no small way, Z. AgricuJtwe an,d Allied Sectors: Cropping in the district is done in a gross area of over 420 thousand hectares. Harvest of rabi crops shares 55 71 per cent of the total cropped area and constitutes the chief harvest in the district. Over two-thirds of rabi area are used for wheat cultivation. Totalling to 42.6 per cent of the gross area
cropped, harvest of khan! is second in area and importance. Paddy, bajra and maize In that order together account for more than four fifths of the kharif area. 'The third harvest .taid cultivated in merely 1.69 per cent c,f cropped area hardly occupies a position of importance in the agricultural economy of the district. Ab0Ut four-fifths of the net area are cropped under rain fed condition.
The table shown below presents land use statistics.
Table 2 ; Distribution of villages according to laud use
Name of No. of Total Area Percentage of cultivab!e Percentage of irrigated tahsil inhabited (hectares) area to total area to total cultivab:e villages are'l area
2 3 4 j
1. Jasrana 267 79~680,97 80.34 69.04
2. Shik.oh~bad 283 76~239.0S 82.94 66.35
3. Karhal 192 58,441.20 87.83 68.06 . 4. Maiupuri 245 98,851.53 78.80 58.01
5. Bhongaon 384 116,789.26 82.22 62.95
Total district 1~3'i1 430,002.01 82.22 62.95
The table depict~ that more than four fifths of the total area in the district is 'cultivable. About 62.95 per cent of cultivable"'area IS irrigated. Four tahsils are largely cultivable to four fifths or more of their total are",. Variation in percentage of irrigated area to' total cultivable ana is of widely fluctuating nature from 58 per cent in Mainpuri tahsil to 69 per cent in tahsil Jasrana.
Cereal crops (including pulses), both ,abi and kkarif claim 86.60 per ce-nt of the t\.otal crops. Among nCill'cereal crops, the chief crop is gram, cultivat,ed in an area of 20 thousand hectares followed by rape and mustard (19 thousand hectares).
The average yield is low. Per hectare yield of wheat is 18.28 quintals. Even the worse is the ~tatistics with CJther chief crops paddy 9.43 quintals, hajra 6.84 quintah and maize 2.31 quintals. Per capita out put of cereals is very low, leaving starf.:. 2.62 quintals that at least can only meet the requirements of the popu lation of the district.
Agriculture in the district is riddled with snags. About 50 thousand hectares 6 of usar land.. could n,)t be us ':1 for the ptlrpO.3e. fhe size of operathnal holding is ~·)W . The 1978 ceDSUS of agriculture reveals 3.07 lakh units of holding covering a total area of 3.05 lakh hectares, that gives 0.99 hectares as the average size pf an operational holding. These cover 2.16 lakh units of holdin~s of less than one hectare CccJunting for 70.72 per cent of the total number of holdings. Those who operate three hectares of more make only the 6.28 per cent of the total holders.
The improved practices in agriculture are bdng increasingly adopted in the district. Yet thdr use stands much below the optimum level. For instance, consump tion of chemical manures per hectare is barely 38 kilograms. 1he tractors in use are below one thousand. Keen effllrts of state are channelled through the servic~s pro vided by 34 seed stores, 16 insecticide depots, 18 c01d storages and eight agro Sr rvice centres.
AniIT'al husbandry is anpther peripheral occupation allied to agriculture in the district. Of the live-stock numbering wore than seven and a half lakh heads, about half accounts for bovine breeds. There are more than 1.62 lakh hea.ds of goats and sheep. It seems that the district is well placed in the population of live-stock. The quality of breeds of live-stock is poor. The governmet are putting efforts to icr'prove the quality through 19 veterinary hospitals, 51 cattle breeding centres, 45 centres and sub-centres of artificial insemination, five pig breeding centres and with the single poultry unit in this district.
Forests are substantially lacking occupying merely one and a half per cent in total reported area of the district. Social forestry is being propagated through the aid of World Bank as an alte:rnative of languished forests.
3. MiDiDg, QuarrYJag aad Industry: This duahu; district spread on alluvial plains is singularly deficient in mineral deposits.>r Usar plains. especially in the vicinity of canals abounds in T8h or saline efflorescence. This forms raw material for making of c/mris or bangles. Saltpetre is another n,ineral occuring in the district of commercial value and is used for preparat.ion Of crude Sh01lJ.
Traditional crafts are based on local resources and includes tarkashi (lit. wire drawing \ and cotton ginning. The first mentioned craft uses the wood of sJrisham, a local timber, for raw material and carve it in beautiful wood works of kkaraon (clogs or sandals). boxes, trays etc. usually inlaid with brass wire.
Large manufactures on recent lines are not many. Under the Factories Act, 1 !J48 almost 50 concerns are in operation, providing jobs for about four thousand persons. Output is slightly ml)re than 209 million of rupees in a year. The persons associated with these manufactures work out to around two hundred and fifty for each lakh of popUlation. The additions by these registered factories to district economy is not substantial. The out put is estimated at R~. 150 and 521°00 respectively per person of the district and per person engaged in thes
Various articles of local use are produced in about seven hundJ:ed small factories through securing services of about seven thousand of persons. AMENITIES; The availability of amenities within easy reach reflects 0n the infra-structural development of the area. The availability of some of the selectLd facilities have been * \ discussed for urban and rura1'areas separately as relevant to each of them. Certain
important aspects of urban areas such as P?pulation, growth 1 finances, import-export and manufacturing activities etc. have also been discussed. Rural Areas : The rural areas of the district consist of 1,425 revenue villages out ?f ~vhich 1,371 are inhabited. Sprawling over an area of 4,091:35 hectares, Nauner villa~e of Mainpuri tahsil is the largest village in area in the district against Ganeshpur of the ~ame tahsil which is the smallest village occupying merely 7.28 hectares. Otli an average, a rf'venue vitlage of the district covers 301.76 hectares. Tables 3-7 present infra-structural amenities available in the inhabited villa~es of the district. The following table presents distribution of villages accordlng to the avail ability of different amenities.
Table 3 : DistributiOil of'villages acc()rdiog to thl ayaUability of different amenities
81. Name of No. of No. (with percentage) of vIlalges having No. Tahsil inhabited villages Education Medical Drinking water
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Jallrana 267 170(63.67) 13(4.87) 267(100.00) 2. 8hikohabad 283 187(66 08) 12(4.24) 283(100.00) 3. KarhaI 192 132(68.75) 15(7.81) 192(100 00) •• Mainpuri 245 175(71.43) 10(4.08) 245( 100.00) S. Bhongaon 384 928(6' (9) 18(4.69) 384(100.00)
TotlLl 1.371 928(67.69) 68(4.96) 1,371(100 00)
one or more of the following amenities _,._ --... SI. Name of Post & Communi- Approach by Power Market/Hat No Tahsil Telegraph cation Pucca road supply
1 2 7 8 9 10 11
1. lasrana 33(12.36) J2(4.49) 36(13.48) 107(40.07) 122/45.69)
2. Shikohabad 32(11.31) 8(2.83) 14(14.43) 103(36.40) 199(70.32) 3. Karhal 26(13.54) 5(2.60) 11(5.73) 55(28.65) 48(25.00) 4 Mainpuri 46(18.78) 14(5.71) 66(26 94) 148(60 41) 111(45.31) 5. Bhongan 61(15.89) 30(7.81) 57(14 84) 154140.10) 88(32.92)
rotal 198(14.44) 69(5.03) 211(15.39) 567(41.36) 568(41.43) 8
It can be observed that over two thirds of the inhabited villages of the district have at least one educational institution. The ex.tent of coverage of the villages by educational facilities does not vary much from one tahsil to another. The highest coverage of 71.43 per cent is seen in Mainpuri tahsil. Karhal and Bhongaon tahsils are • equally placed with 68.75 per cent of their villages: having educational institutions. Jasrana tahsil shows the lowest coverage as the villages having educational facilities account for 63 67 per cent. Medical facilities are available in 4.96 per cent of the villages of the di!trict. The villages having medical facilities in Karhal tahsil make the largest proportion of 7.81 per cent of its villages against the lowest of 4.08 per cent in Mainpuri tahsil. Postal facilities are available in 14.44 per cent
of villages of the district. Th~ largest coverage of 1 '8.78 per cent by postal facilities is seen in Mainpuri tahsil against the smallest coverage of 11.31 per cent in Shikohabad. Markets are held in 503 per cent of the villages of the district. With 7.81 per cent of its villages having market facilities. Bhongaon tahsil shows the highest coverage.' The lowest coverage of 2.60 per cent of the villages is observed in Karhal tahsil. The villages that have either a railway station or bus stop account for 15.39 pe.r cent of the villages of the district. Mainpuri tahsil is most advantageously placed with 26.94 per
cent of its villages having the facilities of either a bus stop or a railway station or
~ both. Karhal tahsil swings on the other extreme as the villages having coromu- nication head make the lowest prop0rtion of 5.73 per cent. The villages which are approachable by metalled road constitute 41.36 per cent of the total number of villages of the district. The rural side of l\.Iainpuri tahsil is most extensively connec ted by metalled road in this tahsil accounting for 60.41 per cent of its villages.
Bhongaon and Jasrana tahsils are almost equally placed in approachability by metalled road. The villages connected by metalled road in Karhal tahsil make the lowest pro portion of 28.65 per cent. Power supply reaches 41.43 per cent of the villages of the district. The most extensively electrified tahsil is Shikohabad with 70.32 per cent of its villages having power supply. Jasrana follows next with 45.69 per cent of its villages having electricity. fhe lowest proportion of 22.92 per cent of the villages is observed in Bhongaon tahsil.
The following table shows the proportion of rural p,')pulation that inhabit the villages having amenities. Table 4 : Proportioa of Rural Populatioo served b, different .meaities
Total Proportion of rural population served by the amenity of 81. Name Popu- r-- ..A... No. of lation of EducaN MediN Drink- Post & Market! Communi- Appro- Powel Tahsil inhabited tion cal inS Tele- Hat cation ach by supply villages water graph pucca road
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1. Jasrana 276~511 84.97 15.65 100,00 32.61 14.29 30.48 48.95 49.46
2. Shikohabad 316,656 76.94 10.75 100.00 25.25 36.32 22.98 32.86 14.07
3. Karhal 186,565 89.34 31.83 100.00 47.16 52.76 27.89 27.67 27.48
4. Mainpuri 484.910 83.12 16.90 100.00 32.96 32.96 16.53 28.41 30.35
S. Bhongaon 442.360 8".81 9.59 100.00 40.33 17.26 22.96 47.66 32.71
Total 1,534,944 87.32 11.45 100,00 35.49 11.83 24:.12 48. 6 45.94
As much as 87.32 per cent of the rural population lives in villages that have at least one educational institution. The highest proportion of 90.32 per cent living in villages having educational facilities is observed in Mainpuri against the minimum of 84.97 per cent in Jasrana tahsil. The villages that have medical facilities are inha bited by 11.45 per cent of the rural population of the district; The largest propor tion of 18.53 per cent of the rural population living in villages having medical faci~ lities is observed in K.arhal tahsil against the smallest of 8.05 per cent in Shikohabad. Postal facilities serve 35.49 per cent of the rural population of the district from within I the villages of their inhabitation. Main}luri tahsil claims the largest proportion of 43:75 per cent of its countrymen inhabiting villages endowed with postal facilities. Bhongaon tahsil follows next with a proportion of 40.33 per cent of its rural population served by postal facilit~es. Only one fourth of the rural population of Shikohabad tahsil are found living in the villages that have postal facilities and thereby showing the lowest coverage of its population by these facilities. The villages in which marlrets are held are inhabited by 11.83 per cent of the rural population of the district. The largest proportion of 17.25 per cent of the rural population in Bhongaon tahsil is found living in the villages in which markets are held against the lowest of 6.61 per cent in Shikoha bad. Neallly one fourth of the rural population of the district are living in villages that have either a railway station or a bus stop or both. With nearly one third of the rural population living in villages having railway station or bus stop or both, Mainpuri 10 tahsll shows the highest coverage of its countrymen by communication facilities. The proportion of population living in such villages dr.Jps to 30.48 per cent in Jasrana tahsil and touches the lowest level of 8.82 per cent in Kat: hal tahsil. As much as 48.16 per cent of the rural population lives in villages that are connected by metalled road. The highest proportion of 64.27 per cent of the rural populatlOn is found living in villages connected by metalled road in Mainpuri tahsil against the lowest of 34.18 per cent in Karhal. The populatIOn of the vilLages that are electrified account for 45.94 per cent of the rural population of the district. The electrified villages are inhabited by the largest proportion of 71.35 per cent of the rural population in Shlkohabad against the lowest of 27.37 per cent in Karhal tahsil.
The follwing table indicates distribution of villages that do not have certain anlenities by distance ranges from thff places of the availability.
Table 5~ Distdbl1tion of villages Dot having certain amenities, arranged by distance raoges (rom the places where these are available.
No. of villages where the amenity is not auilable and available Villases not hav ing at the distance of the amenity 01 ...A.. =S kms 5-10 kms. Wi-lans. Total (col~. 2=4)
1 2 3 4 5
1. Education 432 S 6 4-43
2. Medi~l 761 40~ 140 1,303
3. Post and Telegraph 963 173 31 1,173
4. Market/hat 698 407 197 1,302
5. Communication 133 271 156 1,160
There are 443 villages that do not have any educational institution. Over whelming bulk of them numbering 43::' are situated within 5 kms. of distance from the places where educational facilities are available. Only five villages are within the distance of 5-10 kms. and six at the dIstance of 10 kms. and beyond from the places where educational facilities are available. Of 1,303 villages not having medlcal facilities, as many as 761 are placed within 5 kms. of dist""nceJ 402 within 5-10 kms. of distance and 140 at the dIstance of 10 kms. and beyond from the places of their avatlability. Of 1.173 villages not having postal facihties, the inhabitants of 963 can avail them selves of these facilities within the distance of 5 kms., those of 173 within the distance of 5-10 kms. and those of 37 from the distance of 10 kills. and beyond. Markets are not held in 1,302 villages, the inhabitants of 698 villages can reach these facilities
within 5 killS. of distance, those of 407 within the distance of 5 = 10 kms. and those of 197 from the distance of 10 kms. and beyond. In as many as 1,160 villages, there are no railway stations or bus stops. However, these facilities can be had by the inha- 11 bit ants of 733 villages within the distance of 5 kms., those of 271 villages within the distance of 5-10 kms. and those of 15 6 from the distance of 10 kms. and beyond.
The table given below presents distribution of villages by distance ranges from the nearest town and by availability of amenities.
T3Ible 6 : Distribution of viUages according to the distance f.rom the nearest town and availability of different amenities
Distance No. of in- Number (with percentage) of villages having the amenity of range habited ~------~------" from the villages Educa- Medi- Drink- Post Market/ Communica .. Approach Power nearest in each tion cal jng and hat tion by pncca Supply town range Water 'Tele- foad (in kms.) graph
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1- 5 244 152 4 244 29 12 35 82 111
(62.30) (J .64) (100.00) (11.89) (4.92) (14.34) (33.61) (45.49)
6-15 629 442 35 629 89 24 94 233 300
(70.27) (5.56) (lGO.OO) (14.15) (3.82) (14.94) (37.04) (47.69)
14-50 478 326 29 478 77 31 82 235 157 (68.20) (6.07) (100.00) (16.11) (6.49) (17.15) (49.16) (32.8S)
51+ 20 8 20 3 2 l7
(40.00) •.. (l(]O.OO) (15.00) (10.00) (85.00)
Total 1.371 928 68 1.371 198 69 211 567 568 (67.69) (4.96) (100.00) (14.44) (5.03) (15.39) (41.36) (41.43)
It can be observed from the ab::JVe table that the largest number of 629
villages are placed in the distance range of 6-15 kms. from the nearest town. The
next largest number of 473 villages are situated in the distance range of 16-50 kms.
from the nearest town. The~c two categories of villages make 80.74 per cent of the total number of inhabited villages. The distance of a village from the nearest t"·wn and availability of various amenities do not show any distinct relationship.
The following table gives distribution of vilLl.ges by popUlation ranges and uy
""v~ilabi1ity of amenities. 12
Table 7 : Distribution of villages according tJ population range ad amenities anilable
Number (with percentage) of villages having onc or morc of the (ollPwing amenities population Inhabited ,--__ - ______•. J ____~ ______...-..,_ range villages Educa- Medical Drinking Post & Marketl Communi- Approach by Power tion Water Telegraph "at cation pucea road supply
1 .2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
1-499 ii&03 104 3 403 3 7 37 149 131 (25.81) (O.?~) (100.00) (0.74) (1. 74) (9.18) (36.97) (32.51)
51.10-1.999 783 6040 32 783 78 29 111 316 345 (81.74) (4.09) (100.00) (9.96) (3.70) (14.18) (40.36) (44.06)
2.000-4,999 164 163 25 164 98 22 54 88 (99.39) (15.24) (100.00) (59.76) (13.41) (32.93) (53.66)
21 8 21 19 Il 9 14 11 (100.00) (38.10) (100.00) (90.48) (52.38) (42.86) (66.67) (52.33)
Total 1,371 928 68 1,371 198 69 211 567 568 (67.69) (4.96) (100.00) (14.44) (5.03) (15.39) (41.36) (41.43)
The largest number of 783 villages accounting for 57.11 per cent of the inhabited villages have a p3'Pu1ation size of 500-1,999 persons. The availability of various amenities clearly shows that highf'r the size of the population, the greater is the coverage by various amenities.
The following table presents combination of foodgrains that constitutes staple food in majority of the villages in each tahsil.
Table 8 : Main staple food in the majority of the villages in each tahU
Name of tahsil Maio staple food
1 2
1. lasraoa Wheat and bajra
2. Shikohabad Wheat and bajra
3. Karhal Wheat and rice
4. Mainpuri Wheat and rice
5. Bhongaon Wheat and maize
Wheat and baJra constitute staple food in Jasrana and Shikohabad tah,ils. whe~t and rice in Karhal and Mainpuri and wheat and maize in Bhongaon tahsil. 13
UrbaD Area s : 1he urban areas of the district are made of 11 towns. Of these three are administered by municipal boards and the remaining eight by town area committees.
1 he following table presents growth,' density and sex ratio iu urban areas of the district in contrast to those at the state.
Table 9 : Growth, density and sex ratio of urban Population in the district in relation to the Slate
District State
,---______.L ______----, ,-- ___)..______~
Census Total Urban Percentage DecadaJ Density Sex Total Urban Percentage Decadal Density Sex Year popu- popu- of urban percen- (popuht .. ratio popu- popu- of urban percen- (popula- ratio latioa lation popula- tage tion per (No. latian lation popula- tage tion per (No. tion variation sq. of tion variation sq. of io urban km.) fema- in urban km.) fema- popula- les per popula- les pcr tion 1.000 tion 1.000 males) males)
1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1951 993.893 75.274 7.57 +17.58 2.420 843 63.219,655 8.625,699 13.64 +22.93 2.295 820
1961 1,180.894 87.159 7.38 +]5.79 4.315 821 73.754,554 9,479.895 12.85 '_9.90 3,823 812
1971 1.445.534 122.022 8.44 1-40.00 5.952 835 88.341,144 12.388,596 14.02 1-30.68 4.355 821
1981 1,726,202 191.258 11.08 +56.74 3.409 853 110,862,.01'3 19,899,115 17.95 +60.62 4,363 846 i
As per 1981 Census, the urban population of 1,726,202 persons account for 11.08 per cent of the ~utal popUlation of the district. The degree of urbanization as reflected by this pr0por lion stands in a poor contrast with r 7 .95 per cent in t.he state. The proportion of urban population to the total population has not shown much of ~hrust during the decades 1951, ~ 961 and 1971. However. the proportion rose subs+a;n .. tially frbm 8.44 per cent in 1971 to 11.08 in 1981. This rise is attributable to both expansion of the existing towns as well as springing up of four new towns during the last decade. A sq. km. of urban area is inhabited by 3,409 persons against 4,363 per sons at the state level. The density of population rose from one decade to another since 1951 reachin3 5,952 persons mark in 1971 but sufl'erad a set back to 3,409 per sons in 1981. This decline in density is attributable to the addition of four sparsely pjpulated new towns. There are 853 females per thousand males popUlation in urban areas of the district agamst 846 females in the state. The sex ratio as reflected by number of females per th:msand male popUlation in the district has always been above the state average sinc~ 1951 and the sex ratio obtaining in 1981 is the highest since 1951, 14
The table given below enlists towns that have been newly added or declassified during the last decade. Table 10 : New towns added/declassified iD 1981 CeDSUS
Name of town Population (1981) Census
1 2 (a) Added (i) Jasrana 5,983 (ii) Kishni 4,717 (iii) Kusmara 5.811 (iv) Pharha 3.026 (b) Declassified Nil Nil
It can be observed that tour towns have come up newly over the last decade having a total population of 19,542 persons that account for 10.22 per cent of the total urban population of the district and 28.23 per cent of the total increase in urban population in 1981 over 1971. None of the existing towns has been declassified. 'The table given below presents per capita receipt and expenditure in each town of the district. Table 11 : Per capita receipt and expeDditure iD towns
Per capita r-- Receipts Expenditure ..A- Class, name & r- "-- r-- --"-\ 01 vic status of Total Receipts Receipts Total General Expendi- Public Expendi- Other town receipts through from all expen~ adminis- ture on works ture on aspects taxes other diture tration public public sources health & institu- convenien- tions ces 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10
IV Bewar T.C. 45.95 7.77 38.18 42.27 4.01 2.14 36.12 IV Bhongaon T.C. 46.05 33.62 12.43 32.27 6.81 13.78 7.40 4.28 V Jasrana T. C. 30.13 21.56 S.S'7 31.'19 11.'2 10.12 1.12 8.63 IV Karhal T.e. 22.!l9 0.64 22.35 18.7S 8.57 3.84 6.34 VI Kishni T.e. N QI availabll IV KuraoH T .. C. 42.28 36.44- 5.84 36.83 21.05 3.07 12.41 0.30 V Kusmara T.C. 0.43 0.43 0.36 0.36 II Mainpuri M.B. 3.69 0.20 3.49 3.32 1.16 t.l0 0.63 0.43 VI Pharha T.e. 7.90 1.98 5.92 7.96 1.59 2.81 2.77 0.79 III Shikohabad M.B. 64.90 40.78 24.12 63.86 8.46 17.63 16.77 8.36 12.64 IV Sirsagaoj M.B. 85.24 64.70 20.54 88.31 16.54 24.01 15.34 32.42
Total 36.20 21.86 14.34 34.17 6.20 8.96 7.65 2.24 9.12 The financial returns of Kishni town have not been received and therefore not included in the analysis. The largest per capita receipt of Rs. 85.24 is observed in Sirsaganj followed by Shikohabad (Rs. 64.90), Bhonga~n (Rs. 46.05) and Bewar (Rs. 45.95). The lowest per capita receipt on the other hand is observed as low as Re 0.13 in Kusmara preceded by Mainpuri (Rs. 3.69) and Pharha (Rs. 7 90). Receipt through taxes exceeds receipt from all other sources in five towns while receipt from all other sources exceeds in the other five towns. The highest per capita expendiure of Rs. 88.31 in keeping with receipt is observed in Sirsaganj followed by Shikohabad(Rs. 63. 86),Bewar (Rs. 42.27) and Kuraoli (Rs.36.83). The lowest expenditure of Re. 0.36 is observed in Kusmara preceded by Maiupuri (Rs. 3.32) and Pharha (Rs. 7. 96). General adminis. tration and public and health conveniences claim lion share in four towns each and other aspects in two towns.
The table given below presents ratio of schools per 10,000 of urban population in each town.
Table 12 : Schools per teD thousand population in Towns
Number per ten thousand population
r -"-- ~ Class, name and civic Hi~er Secondary I Secondary I Junior Primary status of town Inter/PUC/Junior Matriculation Secondary! College Middle
1 2 3 4 $
IV Bewar T.C, 2.7S 5.49 8.24 4.58
IV Bhongaon T.C. 2.06 2.75 3.43 2.06
V lasrana T.C. 1.67 1.67 S.01 11.69
IV Karhal T.C. 2.37 0.19 I.SS 3.96
VI K.ishni T .C. 6.36 6.36
IV Kuraoli T. C. 1.59 1.59 3.18 3.18
V Kusmara T. c. 1.7~ 3.44 5.16 1.12
n Mainpuri M.B. 1.02 1.02 1.87 2.04
VI Pharha T.C. 3.30 3.30 3.30 6.61 ill Shikohabad ~.B. 1.49 2.76 1.06 3.82 IV Sirsaganj M.B. 2.00 2.67 2.67 4.00 Total 1.57 2.09 2.61 3.45
There are 3.45 primary schools serving on an average of 10,000 population. The highest ratio of 1] .69 primary schools is observed in Jasrana against the lowest of i,72 in Kusmara. A ratio of 2.61 junior secondary schools is obtained for every iO,OOO of urban population. The rati) of junior secondary schools varies between tile maximum of U.24 in Bewar and the minimum of 1 06 in Shikohabad. On an average
2.09 schools or Dlalri<.:ulatlOn standard serve LO,aOO of urban population. The highe~l tatio of 5.49 schools of matriculation standard is observed in Bewar against the lowest of 0.79 in Karhal. There are 1.57 inter colleges for every 10,000 of urban population.
The ratio of intermediate colleges varies between the maximu::n of 3.30 in Pharha ~nd the n inimum of 1.02 in Mainpuri. There are no schools of matriculation standard or no inter colleges in Kishni town.
The table given below presents number of beds per thousand of urban popula tivu in medical institutions of ea.ch town.
Table 13 : Nu mber of beds iD medical iDStitutioDS iD tons
Class, pame aad ch'le No, of beds IP medical status of town jpstitutions per 1.000 popuJation
1 .2
IV Bewar T.C. 1.10
IV Bhon8aou T.e. 0.96
V Sasran" T.C. 0.67
IV Karhal T.e. 0.32
VI Kishni T.C. 0.85
IV Kuraoli T .C. 0.32
V Kusmara T.e.
11 Maiopuri M.:B.
VI Pharha T.C. 1.:2
III Shik.ohabad M.B. 1.19
IV Sirsaganj M.B. 0.67
Total 1.34
There are 1.34 beds per thousand of urban population in various types of medical institutions of the district. The highest ratio of 2.41 beds is observed in Main puri town against the lov.est of 0.32 in Karhal as well as in Kuraoli.
The following table presents proportion of slum pcpulatich in class I and II . towns. 17
Table 14 : Proportion of slum population ia tOWOI
Class, name and civic Proportion of the slums population Density in slum status of town to total population of the town (per sq. km.)
1 2 3
II Mainpuri M.B. Nil Nil
There is only one clas,s II town by name Mainpuri. There is nQ recognised on notified slums in the town.
The table given below presents most important commodities manufactured in, imported into and exported from each town of the district.
Tahle 15 : Most important commodity maBufactared, imported and exported in to'WDs
Class, name and civic Most important commodity status of town Manufactured Exported Imported 1 2 3 • IV Dewar T.C. Soap Wheat Cloth IV Bhongaon T.O. Shoes Wheat Vegetable ghee V Jasrana T.e. Glass baniles Foodgraina Our IV Karha! T.e. Groundnut Oil Onoin Cotton VI Kishni T.e. Paddy Cloth IV Kuraoli T.e. Groundnut Oil Groundnut Oil Iron V Kusmara T.e. Rice Paddy Cloth II Mainpuri M.B. Rice Rice Electrical Goods VI Pharha T.e. Sugar III Shikohabad M.B. Fertilizer Electrical Bulb Glass IV Sirsaganj M.B. Shoes Foodgrains SUgPf
It can be observed that the chief commodities manufactured in the towns of district are soap, shoes, glass bangles, groundnut oil, ,ice and fertilizers, The most important commodities exported are foodgrains, onion and electrical bulbs. The commodities that are imported in the towns of the district are cloth, vegetable gille, gur, cotton, iron, sugar electrical goods and glass.
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