1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3073

Also, memorial of the Legislature of the 323. By Mr. TOWE: Petitions of 67 resi­ way for our God~ May our free land Territory of Alaska, urging the appropriation dents of Closter, N. J., and 77 residents of throned in richness between the seas, of funds for the improvement of the Ketchi­ Fairview and Cliffside, N. J., urging repeal of coming to the kingdom for such a time kan, Alaska, waterfront; to the Committee on the 20-percent excise tax on toilet goods; to Appropriations. the Committee on Ways and Means. as this, dedicate her privilege and her Also, memorial of the Legislature of the 324. By the SPEAKER: Petition of J . E. might as the servants of the spiritual Territory of Alaska, urging that Congress au­ Allen, secretary, District of Columbia Society life of this people and as the foe of thorize the Alaska Road Commission, when of the Sons of the American Revolution, tyranny and the bulwark of liberty in engaged in surfacing or hard-topping any Washington, D. C., petitioning consideration all the earth. -In the Redeemer's name highway that enters a town, to continue said of their resolution with reference to the Dis­ we ask it. Amen. surfacing and hard-topping of said highway placed Persons Act and vigorously urging within the corporate limits of said town; to that no further impairment or deterioration THE JOURNAL the Committee on Public Lands. of our immigration laws be made by general On request of Mr. LUCAS, and by unani­ Also, memorial of the legislature Of the or special legislation, unused quotas, Execu­ mous consent, the reading of the Journal Territory of Alaska, urging that a study be tive orders, or otherwise; to the Committee made with the view of establishing an insti­ on the Judiciary. of the proceedings of Wednesday, March tution in Alaska for Alaska's insane; to the 325. Also, petition of John C. Snowhook, 23, 1949, was dispensed with. Committee on Public Lands. Santa Monica, Calif., petitioning considera­ MESSAGES FROM THE 'PRESIDENT­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the tion of his resolution with reference to his APPROVAL OF A BILL Territory of Alaska, urging the enactment of proposed law for the protection of the Treas­ legislation to empower the United States ury on mints and our citizens; to the Com­ Messages in writing from the President Supreme Court to make the Federal R~les mittee on Banking and Currency. of the United States were communicated of Civil Procedure applicable to Alaska; to 326. Also, petition of Anthony Vazzana, to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his the Committee on the Judiciary. clerk, Lorain City Council, Lorain, Ohio, peti­ secretaries, and he announced that on Also, memorial of the Legislature of the tioning consideration of their resolution with reference to approving the General Pulaski's March 23, 1949, the President had ap­ Territory of Hawaii, memorializing the Pres­ proved and signed the act (S. 634) to ident and the Congress of the United States Memorial Day resolution now pending in to proceed with the utmost expedition in the Congress; to the Committee on the Judiciary. authorize payment of certain claims for construction of a Federal building in Wai­ 327. Also, petition of Charles H. Nutting, damage to or loss or destruction of prop­ luku, Maui; to the Committee on Public secretary, Fifth Congressional District Town­ erty and personal injury arising from ac­ Works. send clubs, Daytona Beach, Fla., asking _that tivities of the Army. a uniform national insurance program be enacted; to the Committe.e on Ways and MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Means. A messag€ from the House of Repre­ Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private 328. Also, petition of Jean Boyce Harber sentatives, by Mr. Chaffee, one of its and others, Miami, Fla., asking for the reading clerks, announced that the House bills and resolutions were introduced and passage of H . R. 2135 and 2136, known as the severally referred as follows: Townsend plan; to the Committee on Ways had disagreed to the amendment of the By Mr. DONDERO: and Means. Senate to the bill CH. R. 1731) to extend H. R. 3768. A bill for the relief of Mrs. 329. Also, petition of W. F. Jury and others, certain provisions of the Housing and JliSta G. Vda. de Guido, Belen de Guido, Miami, Fla., asking for the passage or· H. R. Rent Act of 1947, as amended, and for Mulia de Guido, and Oscar de Guido; to the 2135 and 2136, known as the Townsend plan; other ·purposes; agreed to the conference Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Ways and Means. asked by the Senate on the disagreeing By Mr. GRANGER.: 330. Also, petition of Mrs. Rose Koons and votes of the two Houses thereon, and H. R. 3769. A bill for the relief of Doris M. others, Tampa, Fla., asking for the passage that Mr. SPENCE, Mr. BROWN of Georgia, Faulkner; to the Committee on the Judi- of H. R. 2135 and 2136, known as the Town­ ciary. send plan; to the Committee on Ways and Mr. PATMAN, Mr. MONRONEY, Mr. WOL­ By Mr. KLEIN: Means. COTT, Mr. GAMBLE, and Mr. KUNKEL were H. R. 3770. A bill for the relief of Mrs. 331. Also, petition of Mrs. Mathilda Mc­ appointed managers on the part of the Helen B. Kolodkin; to the Committee on the Naughten and others, Miami, Fla., asking for House at the conference. Judiciary. the passage of H. R. 2135 and 2136, known as The message also announced that the H. R. 3771. A bill for the relief of Mrs. the Townsend plan; to the Committee on House had disagreed to the amendments Marie Gulbenkian; to the Committee on the Ways and Means. Judiciary. of the Senate to the bill South Carolina and Mr. suance of dishonest and far-fiung propa­ LANGER members of the committee on The VICE PRESIDENT. If it is agree­ ganda to achieve improper aims; vicious lob­ the part of the Senate. able to the Senate, and there is no ob­ bying activities in direct violation of the CALL OF THE ROLL jection, the Chair will recognize Sen­ Federal statute against lobbying by officials ators to place in the RECORD routine mat­ of the executive branch of the Government; Mr. LUCAS. I suggest the absence of ters and introduce bills and joint reso­ and the operation of subversive individuals a quorum. both within and without the Government lutions before the Senate begins the de­ in connection with such activities. The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk bate on the pending measure. The Chair will call the roll. If my charges are sustained, Tt will prove hears no objection. such a pattern of wasteful, inefficient, dis­ The legislative clerk called the roll, honest, and subversive activities on the part and the following Senators answered to CHARGES AGAINST OFFICIALS OF BU­ REAU OF RECLAMATION-LETTER of top-flight officials in the Department of their names: the Interior and Bureau of Reclamation as to Aiken Hollani Mundt FROM SENATOR DOWNEY TO SENATOR clearly demonstrate the imperative necessity Anderson Humphrey Murray MCKELLAR of removing such officials from the employ- · Baldwin Hunt Myers Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. President; this ment of the Federal Government and elimi­ Brewster Ives Neely nating the methods and means by which they Bricker Jenner O'Conor morning I wrote a letter to the distin­ have been operating. Bridges Johnson, Colo. O'Mahoney guished senior Senator from Tennessee Butler Johnson, Tex. Pepper May I further suggest that if a hearing Byrd Johnston, S. C. Reed [Mr. MCKELLAR] concerning the contro­ such as I am here requesting is arranged, Capehart . Kefauver Robertson versy over the so-called Boke-Straus that it be before the full Appropriations Chapman Kem Russell amendment. With the consent of the Committee, that members of the Senate Com­ Chavez Kerr Saltonstall mittees on Interior and Insular Affairs, and Connally Kilgore Schoeppel Senator from Tennessee, I desire to read Cordon Knowland Smith, Maine it into the RECORD now. The letter is as Expenditures in the Executive Departments, Donnell Langer Smith, N." J. follows: as well as members of the House Appropria­ Douglas Lodge Sparkman MARCH 24, 1949. tions Committee, be invited to attend. Downey Long Stennis Hon. KENNETH MCKELLAR, Furthermore, may I respectfully recommend Ecton Lucas Taft that Secretary Krug and Commissioner Straus Mc Carran Chairman, Senate Appropriations Com­ Ellender Taylor mittee, Washington, D. C. be allowed to be present when I present my Ferguson McCarthy Thomas, Okla. testimony and either directly through their Flanders McClellan Thomas, Utah MY DEAR SENATOR: When I recently ap­ Frear McFarland Tobey peared before your subcommittee at hear­ own attorney, or by other Senators, submit Fulbright McGrath Tydings ings on the first deficiency appropriation to me such questions as they may deem ad­ George McKellar Vandenberg bill, 1949, I was patiently allowed to state a visable. I believe likewise that all of the Gillette M<:Mahon Watkins large variety of charges against officials of witnesses including myself should be placed Green Magnuson Wherry under oath and subject to the penalty of Gurney the Bureau of Reclamation and to present Malone Wiley supporting proof of such charges. In all, I perjury if there is any misstatement of facts. Hayden Martin Williams If such a hearing is arranged and proof Hendrickson Maybank Withers believe I occupied the attention of yourself Hlckenlooper Miller Young and your committee members for a period is submitted of the charges to be made, con­ Hill Millikin of about 8 hours. Even so, I was able to vincing the committee members of the guilt Hoey Morse present but a small portion of the material of Bureau or Interior officials, beyond a rea­ now in my possession showing, as I confi­ sonable doubt, then I shall urge upon the Mr. MYERS. I announce that the dently believe, widespread waste and cor­ committee that it recommend to the House Senator from Mississippi [Mr. EASTLAND] ruption in the Bureau operations. It is my of Representatives bills of impeachment is absent on public business. opinion that at least a hundred charges of against all conspiring officials and that the The Senator from New York [Mr. various kinds of serious malfeasance could committee lay before the Attorney General be presented against the Bureau's personnel the facts developed along with the commit­ WAGNER] is necessarily absent. tee's findings with a recommendation that Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce and that an exhaustive examination of such charges would occupy the attention of any he undertake an investigation toward the that the Senator from Washington [Mr. investigating group for more than a year's prosecution of such individuals. CAIN] and the Senator from Minnesota time. In view of the fact that the present waste­ [Mr. THYE] are absent by leave oJ the Manifestly, the burden of such a hearing ful and improvident operations of the Bu­ Senate. cast upon the shoulders of Senators already reau officials are currently costing the Gov­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Ninety-one confronted with obligations beyond the lim­ ernment and our citizens many thousands of its of their time and energies is an impos­ dollars a day, may I respectfully urge that Senators having answered to their if this hearing is to take place it should be names, a quorum is present. sible one for them to carry. · I, therefore, have this suggestion respectfully to present arranged at the earliest possible date. ANNOUNCEMENT AS TO PROGRAM to you and your committee members. Your consideration is indeed appreciated. Sincerely, Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, the pend­ During the last month and largely since I began my testimony before your commit­ SHERIDAN DOWNEY. ing measure to extend the European tee, I have come into possession of convinc­ Recovery Act is of tremendous impor­ GENERAL PULASKI'S MEMORIAL DAY­ ing evidence of grossly inefficient operations RESOLUTION OF BOARD OF ALDERMEN tance to the country and the world. As of the Bureau, in the State of California, every Senator knows, the present law on covering three entirely different segments of OF MELROSE, MASS. the subject expires on April 3. It is the its operations. All such operations of the Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, on behalf hope of the majority leader and Mem­ Bureau reveal conduct by the Bureau rep­ of the senior Senator from Massachu­ bers on the majority side that we may resentatives so corrupt that their revelation setts [Mr. SALTONSTALL] and myself, I should convince both the congressional and complete action on the bill by tomorrow executive representatives of our Government present for appropriate reference, and afternoon. I want to make the an­ that a cleansing of dishonest and subversive ask unanimous consent to have printed nouncement that if action on the bill is individuals in the Bureau is imperatively re­ in the RECORD, a resolution adopted by the not completed either today or tomorrow quired. I would, therefore, like to suggest Board of Aldermen of the City of Mel­ we will have a night session tomorrow that I be allowed to appear before your rose, Mass., favoring the enactment of 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3075 legislation proclaiming October 11 of and Public Welfare and ordered to be against the passing of this bill, and we want each year as General Pulaski's Memorial printed in the RECORD, as follows: you to fight vigorously. We want to count on your support. Da~ . REYNOLDS BROS., !NC., Sincerely, There being no objection, the resolu­ Sturgeon Bay, Wis., March 18, 1949. REYNOLDS BROTHERS, INC., tion was referred to the Committee on Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, By D. W. REYNOLDS. the Judiciary, and ordered to be printed United States Senate, FRUIT GROWERS COOPERATIVE, Washington, D. C. in the RECORD, as follows: By HARRY A. OLSON. DEAR SENATOR: The Lesinski bill (H. R. GOLDMAN FOODS, INC., Resolution relative to the General Pulaski's 3190), which will soon come before Congress, Memorial Day resolution now pending in By SAM GOLDMAN. has come to the attention of and has been MARTIN ORCHARDS, INC., Congress thoroughly studied by all of us who are By H. L. ';I'HENELL, Whereas a resolution providing for the interested in the red-cherry industry of Door Treasurer. President of the United States of America County. In this letter we are speaking for M. W. MILLER & Co., to proclaim October 11 of each year as the more than 1,000 growers, all of the cherry By M. w. MILLER, General Pulaski's Memorial Day for the processors, and many of the workers who President. observance and commemoration of the look to us for work in the orchards and fac­ death of Brig. Gen. Casimir Pulaski is now tories each season. GENERAL PULASKI'S MEMORIAL DAY­ pending in the present session of the United H. R. 3190 proposes a workweek which we RESOLUTIONS OF CITY COUNCIL OF ST. States Congress; and sincerely believe is unfair to growers, proc­ PAUL AND COMMON COUNCIL OF WI- Whereas the 11th day of Octaber 1779 is essors, and workers alike. Each succeeding NONA, MINN. . the date in American history of the heroic year finds us faced with an increased scarcity death of Brig. Gen. Casimir Pulaski, who died of persons available for cherry harvesting, Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I from wounds received on October 9, 1779, at canning, cold packing, shipping, and all of present for appropriate reference and the siege of Savannah, Ga.; and · the various other problems we are forced to ask unanimous consent to have printed Whereas the States of Arkansas, California, meet in this seasonal industry. in the RECORD resolutions adopted by the Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, In this county, where 43,000,000 pounds o! City Council of St. Paul and the Com­ Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachu­ cherries were grown and packed this year, and where there is a potential crop of more mon Council of Winona, both in the State setts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ne­ of Minnesota, favoring the enactment of braska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New than 50,000,000 pounds always in the offing, York, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South we have, through the years good and bad legislation proclaiming October 11 of Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia, alike, tried to provide facilities in the way of each year as General Pulaski's Memorial Wisconsin, and other States of the Union, processing plants, sleeping quarters, dining ·Day. through legislative enactment designated halls, etc., to care for the many thousands of There being no objection, the resolu­ October 11 of each year as General Pulaski's workers who must be used during the short tions were referrea to the Committee on Memorial Day; and peak period. If for any reason we are force<;l the Judiciary, and ordered to be printed Whereas it is fitting that the recurring to put on a double crew for even a part of in the RECORD, as follows: anniversary of this day be commemorated any operation we are certain that the hous.­ with suitable pa~riotic and public exercises ing and feeding facilities will be inadequate Resolution memorializing the Congress of the in observing and commajor portion of the fishing S. 1384. A bill to authorize the transfer of the construction of a second toll bridge fleet of the United States and force out of J' tower located on the Lower Souris National crossing parallel to the existing bridge employment a major portion of the work- 1949 CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-. SENATE 3077 men employed in various phases of the in­ moratorium with respect to the applica­ must be geared to that thought, and that dust ry; an d tion of certain antitrust laws to individ­ that thought must be paramount in all Whereas the domestic fishing industry has already been adversely atfected and is further ual, good-faith delivered price systems, our considerations. seriously threatened by the consistently in· and freight-absorption practices. Per­ There being no objection, the report creasing importations of fish and fishery pro­ sons desiring to be heard should notify was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, duct s into the United States; and the committee by Monday, March 28, so as follows: Wherea'l t h e imported fish are caught by that a schedule can be prepared for those CONNECTICUT JOBLESS CLAIMANTS REACH workmen whose wage scale and standard of who wish to appear and testify. The 61,804 living are far below those of Americans in subcommittee consists of the Senator The number of jobless claimants for un­ like' occupations; and from Nevada [Mr. McCARRAN], chairman, employment insurance in Connecticut rose Wh ereas, notwithstanding the resulting the Senator from Maryland [Mr. O'CoN­ to 61,804 during the week ended March 12. lower cost of fish in their primary foreign A year ago there were 25,353 filing, while in market, the finally processed product is sold oRJ, and the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. WILEY]. mid-October, when the present upward to the American housewife at the same price trend began, 21,485 were applying for as the domestic fish; and CHANGE OF METHOD OF COUNTING ELEC­ benefits. Whereas representatives of the fishing in­ TORAL VOTES-STATEMENTS BY BASIL Initial claims, which represent new un­ dustry and others from many parts of the BREWER AND ANSWERS BY SENATOR employment, remained high with 7,959 re­ United States recently appeared before the LODGE ceived during the week as compared with Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries 2,672 for the corresponding week a year ago. of the House of Representatives and attested [Mr. LODGE asked and obtained leave to Largest increases in initial claims were in to the fact s hereinbefore stated; and have printed in the RECORD certain state­ the Bridgeport, Meriden, New London, Dan­ Whereas the foregoing indicates the need ments made by Mr. Basil Brewer, publisher bury, and Bristol areas. for an immediate study and investigation of of the New Bedford (Mass.) Standard-Times, During the week lack-of-work lay-offs the cause and effect of a situation that will, together with Mr. LODGE'S answers thereto, totaling 350 were reported in the bearings if not corrected, result in the serious im­ relating to Senate Joint Resolution 2, pro­ industry, 475 in the brass industry, and 230 pairment of the oldest and one of the most viding for abolishing the electoral college and in hardware. Lack-of-work lay-offs totaling important food producing industries in the counting electoral-college votes for President from 100 up to 200 occurred in each of the United States: Therefore be it and Vice President in proportion to the popu­ following industries: Electrical appliance, Resolved, That the Secretary of the Inte­ lar vote, which appear in the Appendix.] hat, garment, metal products, chain, electri­ rior be, and he hereby is, requested to cause IN BOSTON, NOT THE SOUTH-EDITORIA~ cal products, clock, tractor, and paper prod­ an immediate study to be made of- FROM THE ARKANSAS DEMOCRAT ·. ucts. The woolen, recording, and typewriter ( 1) the differences in the costs of domestic industries had lay-offs affecting from 50 production of fresh and frozen fish, especially [Mr. FULBRIGHT asked and obtained leave to 100. to have printed in the RECORD an editorial A footwear company rehired 100. groundfish fillets, and the costs of foreign entitled "In Boston, Not the South," pub­ production of similar fish; and lished in the Arkansas Democrat of March BRIDGEPORT HIGHEST (2) the effect o:a the domestic fishing in­ 17, 1949, which appears in the Appendix.] Bridgeport led the State in the number dustry of increasing imports of fresh and COLUMBIA VALLEY AUTHORITY­ of jobless claimants with 9,937, followed by frozen fish, especially groundfish fillets, into New Haven with 9,160, Hartford 7,484, and the United States, ARTICLE BY TOM HUMPHREY Waterbury 6,921. The other 15 offices, with and, with the advice of, and in coordination [Mr. CORDON asked and obtained leave to less than half the total, were each under with, the Department of State, the Depart­ have printed in the RECORD an article relating 3,000. ment of Agriculture, the United States Tariff to the proposed Columbia Valley Authority, BY OFFICE Commission, the Bureau of Customs of the written by Tom Humphrey and published in The Ansonia office reported a lay-off of 25 Department of the Treasury, and other ap­ the Oregon Journal of March 20, 1949, which by a brass mill and 25 by a wire manufac­ propriate executive departments and inde­ appears in the Appendix.] turer due to lack of work. pendent agencies of the Government to rec­ THE NORTH ATLANTIC SECURITY PACT­ In the Bridgeport area, a brass company ommend means by which the United States laid off 350, an electrical appliance company fishing industry may survive and be saved ARTICLE BY GEORGE SOKCLSKY 190, a chain manufacturer 125, and a re­ harmless against the inroads of foreign­ [Mr. WATKINS asked and obtained leave cordings company 45, with lack of work the caught and foreign-processed fish; and that, to have printed in the RECORD an article on reason in each instance. because of t h e urgency of the situation, he the North Atlantic Security Pact, written by The Bristol office reported a lay-off of 115 be and hereby is requested to make his re­ George Sokolsky and published in the by a clock company and 30 by a brass com­ port and recommendation to the Senate pany due to lack of orders. within 30 days after the adoption of this Washington Times-Herald of March 23, 1949, which appears in the Appendix.] In the Danbury area, 7 hat companies laid resolution. off a total of 185 due to lack of work. An INCREASE IN LIMIT OF EXPENDITURES IMPROVEMENT OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL electrical coil manufacturer laid off 35, FOR HEARINGS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON RELATIONS-EDITORIAL COMMENT and a metal products firm 20, with lack of ARMED SERT/ICES [Mr. HENDRICKSON asked and obtained work the reason. leave to have printed in the RECORD an edi­ The Danielson office reported a lay-off of Mr. TYDINGS submitted the follow­ torial entitled "The Mayors and Money," 30 by a steel-products firm because of in­ ing resolution United States Army Engineer, of Kan­ Missouri Valley Authority will be es­ reject proposals for broad river valley author­ sas City, estimated that the Missouri River ities in the Columbia and Missouri Basins. has topped 40 levees and flooded 75,000 acres tablished to rescue the area from the WHITTINGTON, chairman of the House Pub­ of lowlands in the four States of Iowa, Ne­ ruin which now threatens it. lic Works Committee and a vice president of braska, Missouri, and Kansas. Downstream I ask that the two news stories to the national rivers and harbors congress, is­ the river climbed to 26.63 inches at Atchison, which I have referred be printed in the sued a statement in the latter capacity. topping the all-time high mark set in the RECORD at this point. Taking note that new legislative proposals great flood of 1881. East Atchison, Mo., There being no objection, the articles for a Missouri Valley Authority are before across the river, was flooded, Rock Island were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Congress and President Truman has urged & Burlington tracks were covered, and High­ as follows: a similar agency for the Columbia, WHIT­ way 59 was fiooded for the first time in the TINGTON, said: memory of residents. MIGHTY MISSOURI OVER BANKS; FLOOD i.EvELS "The superficial planners again are on the At St. Joseph, Mo., 20 miles upstream from PREVAIL march. In recent years they advocated crea­ Atchison, water rolled 10 feet above fiood CHICAGO, March 6.-The highest Missouri tion of the MV A, now they are advocatinjj1; level around the levee protecting the town. River levels since 1881 were recorded at ~ome the_CVA. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3079 "The better course is to continue the proj­ months after the expiration of. the cur­ propriations for flood control, in which ects in both these valleys authorized by Con­ rent act. they slashed the budget recommendation gress for flood control and reclamation." Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, for the Mississippi River and its tribu­ WHITTINGTON also went on record as op­ tarie:..; by $13,000,000. I desire to con­ posing the Hoover Commission's suggestion will the Senator yield? that the Army engineers, who handle flood Mr. GEORGE. I yield. demn this as false economy, as is well control, be placed under civilian authority. Mr. SALTONSTALL. May I ask if demonstrated by the catastrophe visited "They should be kept in the Department this is a unanimous report? upon my State in the small hours of this of the Army and not stripped of their civil Mr. GEORGE. It is a unanimous re­ morning. I desire to serve notice at this functions," he said. · port, signed by all the conferees on the time that the entire Louisiana delegation The Mississippian said Congress should part of the House and the Senate. will exert every effort to restore these vote increased sums for flood control and funds. reclamation. He believes the President's The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques­ campaign appeal for greater waterways ap­ tion is on agreeing to the conference re­ The Morganza :tloodway, which pro­ propriations won him many votes in the 1948 port. tects the greater part of the population election. The report was agreed to. of south Louisiana, cannot be opened without enormous property damage at TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OF CERTAIN MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOODS IN this time. At the rate recommended by IMPORT AND AD VALOREM TAXES ON LOUISIANA COPPER-CONFERENCE REPORT the House Appropriations Committee, we Mr. LONG. Mr. President, I have re­ may never in our lifetime see that :tlood­ Mr. GEORGE submitted the following ceived word this morning that a disaster way completely ready, in the event the report: has befallen a section of my State of city of New Orleans and surrounding Louisiana. Across the river, slightly area should be threatened by the type of The committee of conference on the dis­ agreeing votes of the two Houses on the above the State capitol at Baton Rouge, disaster which now has befallen one of amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. La., the main line levee has caved into our rich, rural areas. To me it is the 2313) to suspend certain import taxes on cop­ the Mississippi River. This is the first height of false economy that we should per, having met, after full and free confer­ time in 22 years that one of the main here be debating the expenditure of $5,- ence, have agreed to recommend and do line levees of the Mississippi has been 500,000,000 for the salvation of the Euro­ recommend to their respective Houses as breached. From the best information pean economy, and at the same time be follows: available at this time, this disaster is leaving more than 1,000,000 Americans Amendment numbered 1: That the House entirely an act of God, which no human in danger for their lives and property be­ recede from its disagreement to the amend­ ment of the Senate numbered 1, and agree to hand, with all due care, could have pre­ cause of an effort to save a few million the same with an amendment, as follows: In vented. The capable forces of the Army dollars from year to year. lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by engineers and the Louisiana Department It .may be necessary for my State to the Senate amendment insert the following: of Public Works are at this moment seek disaster relief similar to that which "and other than composition metal provided mobilizing all equipment in the area in the Western States have already re­ for in paragraph 1657 of the Tariff Act of the effort to close this breach in our quested. This situation more than ever 1930, as amended, which is suitable both in levee. We are extremely hopeful that calls to my mind the wisdom of the rec­ its composition and shape, without further If refining or alloying, for processing into cast­ this effort will be successful. it fails ommendation made by the junior Sena­ ings, not including as castings ingots or sim­ to succeed, then 10,000 people of Louisi­ tor from Florida on this :floor a few weeks ilar cast forms"; and the Senate agree to the ana may lose their homes and their pos­ ago, when he stated that the United same. sessions. Fortunately the :flood ~aters States of America should have a per­ Amendment numbered 2: That the House have passed their peak height of 2 weeks manently organized disaster relief pro­ recede from its disagreement to the amend­ ago, which is of some small consolation, gram available to all sections of the ment of the Senate numbered 2, and agree to because it would tend to minimize the .United States. I trust that at this ses­ the same with an amendment, as follows: In damage and especially the potential loss sion the Congress will establish such an lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate amendment insert the following: of life. Nevertheless, if this breach can­ organization and will provide adequate "June 30, 1950"; and in line 8 of the House not be immediately closed, all crops in financial reserves for its operation. engrossed bill strike out "March 31,"; and the this agricultural area will be lost. In EXTENSION OF EUROPEAN RECOVERY Senate agree to the same. fact, it is feared that there is enough PROGRAM WALTER F. GEORGE, water behind the levee already to pre­ TOM CONNALLY, vent any successful crops in this area of The Senate resumed the consideration E. D. MILLIKIN, three parishes, which corresponds to of the bill OFFICER. Does the The effort called for is a severe challenge, tribute to the development and stabili­ Senator from Texas yield to the Senator but a challenge to which the peoples of west­ zation of European conditions and help from California? ern Europe must respond. to rebuild the economic situation in Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. western Europe, it would be permissible, In making possible the launching of according to our conception. Mr. KNOWLAND. I shoUld like to this great enterprise the American peo­ Mr. AIKEN. The Senator has an­ make an inquiry of tlle Senator relative ple have made a rather considerable sac­ to the question of so-called east-west swered my question, and I thank him trade. I fully appreciate the fact that rifice. We now have every right to ex­ for making that clear. pect that the people and the governments Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Senator when the Senate had this matter under of the participating countries, on their for thanking me for making it clear. We consideration a year ago the matter was part, will be willing to make those sac­ need clarity wherever we can get it. rather fully discussed on the floor of the rifices-and some of them may be pain­ Senate. I think there was a general I repeat, for the fiscal year 1949-50, agreement that insofar as trade which ful-which OEEC says must still be made after trimming more than $5,000,000,000 if we are to bring the program to a suc­ would not add to the war potential of from the requests of the participating the east is concerned, it woUld be proper cessful conclusion. countries, the ECA has asked for $4,280,- Let us turn now for a few moments to under certain circumstances. One situ­ 000,000. This represents a reduction of ation, I remember, that was discussed the amendments to the ECA bill which more than $700,000,000 from the amount the committee has approved. I shall not was the possibility of sending coal min­ appropriated last year. ing machinery to Poland, which is be­ dwell upon these at any length since most This request is based on a careful study of them are technical in nature and are of the facts. Back o::.' it are innumerable hind the iron curtain, in order for Poland presented in some detail in the commit­ economic analyses of each of the partici­ to produce more coal that could be used tee report, to which I call the attention pating countries. Detailed appraisals to facilitate the economic recovery of of Senators. have been made of the general European western Europe. But I also think there First of all, I am pleased to point to situation and of each country's foreign was a general feeling in the Senate that a very tangible evidence of recovery­ trade. Separate studies have also been neither the United States nor the western the sizable reduction in ECA funds made of major commodities as cross­ European countries should be adding to which the committee is recommending checks on the country-by-country esti­ the war potential of Russia and her satel­ for next year. For the year ending mates. lite powers, because under present condi­ April 2, 1949, the ECA had available Now, Mr. President, just what hap­ tions wars are fought not alone by slightly more than $5,000,000,000. That pened as a result of these studies? In armies, navies, and air forces, but by the was for the entire year before April 2, the first place, the national governments industrial capacity to back them up. 1949. For the fiscal year 1949-50, after themselves requested considerably less The thing which has concerned me is trimming about $490,000,000 from the than they did last year. OEEC then ex­ a dispatch which just came over the wires requests of the participating countries, ercised an analysis of these national pro­ from London a few minutes ago, as the ECA has asked for $4,280,000,000. grams that was even more deliberate follows: Senators will understand, when we than last year. In addition, with some LoNDoN.-Harold Wilson, president of the say we have cut so much from the re­ months of practical experience as a. board of trade, said today that Britain is uests of the participating countries, that guide, ECA, in its country missions, in guided in trade relations with Russia and they are supposed to present their re­ Soviet satellites solely by consiC'erations of Paris, and in Washington, has applied economic advantage. quests to our representatives in Europe, continuing and exhaustive examination Conservative John Langford Holt asked and after consUltation the representa­ to bring in a budget request that is a Wilson in Commons what policy he proposed tives of the ECA here cut them very tight fit and refreshingly unpadded. For to adopt "with regard to trade agreements substantially. the ERP countries as a group, the new with Russia, :Sulgaria, Rumania, and Hun­ Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the figures represent a cut of 15 percent from gary, having regard to the repeated breaches Senator from Texas yield? 1948-49 aid. of the peace treaties committed by all these Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sena­ powers." The committee has approved a sum of Before Wilson could reply Communist Phil tor from Vermont. $1,150,000,000 to enable the program to Piratin objected that the question was out Mr. AIKEN. I should like to ask to continue for the 3-month period from of order on grounds that Britain had no peace what extent ECA funds may be used for April 3 to June 30, 1949. Since substan.. treaty with Russia so there could be no 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3083 breach. He was overruled. Finally Wilson have some kind of assurance upon which Russia or some of the satellites of Russia. answered: the Senate could depend prior to the As I recall, one distinguished member of "The Government is guided in its trade time we pass that part in the bill where the Foreign Relations Committee pointed relations with these countries by considera­ tions of economic advantage and cannot such an amendment could be offered. out that if any American administrator make it a rule that trade agreements with Mr. CONNALLY. Of course, the bill under those circumstances should release these countries shall be subject to the settle· will be open to any amendment any Sen­ to Great Britain war materials that could ment of political questions." ator may desire to propose. But I will be used to build up the war potential of say to the Senator that our reports from Russia, or which would enable Great The question I wish to address to the the Administrator and others are that Britain to release to Russia some of her able chairman of the Foreign Relations we are receiving very fine cooperation own products in the same category, that Committee is this: Does he interpret from the other countries which are mak­ would be almost an act of treason. He this dispatch as meaning that from now ing bilateral agreements with us in re­ went so far as to describe it as a serious on the British Government has no in­ gard to the very matters the Senator violation of what we were trying to ac­ tention of having any limitations upon it from California is discussing. We are complish by the European recovery pro­ for the shipment of industrial equip­ trying to keep out of the hands of ag­ gram. ment into Russia and her satellite pow­ gressors and totalitarians anything I voted for the program. I am in favor ers? Such action would apparently be which may be valuable to them in a of it. However, I think we ought to watch regardless of the fact that those ship­ military way. It is possible that we may it carefully. Has the Foreign Relations ments might directly add to the war­ be able to accomplish a great deal in Committee any information as to what making potential of Soviet Russia or the the matter of contracts with the other is being done by Great Britain under that satellites upon the western nations which countries which are participating along trade treaty? Can the Senator tell me at this very time we are about to consider that line. Our reports are that we are whether or not a check has been made the need of helping to def end under the receiving fine cooperation. I will say to to see if the spirit of the European re­ North Atlantic treaty. the Senator that I am in hearty accord covery program is being carried out by Mr. CONNALLY. I will say to the with his desires in this matter, and if it our administration under Mr. Hoffman, Senator from California that, of course, becomes necessary for us to adopt some and also by the British, in turn? I should I do not know what is in the minds of amendments, why the bill will be open like to know what is being done. those in charge of this program in Great to amendment at the proper time. Mr. CONNALLY. I cannot give the Britain. But I· would not apprehend that Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, will Senator a detailed alphabetical list of the sole consideration with them here­ the Senator yield? all the products, but I can tell him that after will be their own pecuniary advan­ Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. the ECA, the American State Depart­ tage, notwithstanding the language Mr. WATKINS. In connection with ment, :tnd others interested are under­ which was used in the House of Com­ the same subjec ·~ about which the Sen­ taking to keep a check on that very sit­ mons, because there are many other f ac­ ator from California has been inquiring, uation. If they should find that our con­ tors which enter into the question. I should like to ask the distinguished cept of the program is being violated in Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will chairman of the Foreign Relations Com­ spirit, they could take action through the the Senator yield for another question? mittee if he is aware of the present trade ECA to correct the situation. That is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the agreement between Great Britain and the most I can say to the Senator at the Senator from Texas yield to the Senator Russia, which has been in effect for some moment. from California? time? Mr. WATKINS. Has the Foreign Re­ Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. Mr. CONNALLY. I have read of it in lations Committee any information in Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator knows a gen~ral way. I am not at the moment its records, as brought out in the hear­ I supported the ECA program last year. prepared to discuss its details. ings, to indicate just what is being done, I expect to support it this year. But I Mr. WATKINS. I invite the Senator's and what check is being made of the sit­ do most respectfully urge that the able attention to that trade agreement. As uation? chairman of the Foreign Relations Com­ I understand, it covers the shipment by Mr. CONNALLY. It is very difficult to mittee, through the American State De­ Great Britain to Russia of a considerable get behind the iron curtain. partment, make immediate inquiries of number of locomotives and steel rails. Mr. WATKINS. I am speaking now the British Government as to whether Would the distinguished chairman re­ about what is outside the iron curtain, or not there is a basic change in its gard that as an agreement which would as between Great Britain and Russia. policy, and whether, as the press dis­ build up the war potential of Hussia, if Mr. CONNALLY. I understand that patch indicates, hereafter they are going such items were actually being exported we made protests against certain actions, to send anything into the Soviet Russia from Great Britain to Russia now? and I think they were largely discon­ and her satellite powers, solely by con­ Mr. CONNALLY. I will say to the tinued. However, I cannot at the mo­ siderations of British economic advan­ Senator that I assume that anything ment give the Senator all the details. tagt and regardless of any-as they put which would contribute to a country's We shall be glad to keep the suggestion it-political considerations? economic build-up would in a sense at in mind. We shall be glad to impress it Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Sena­ least be valuable in time of war. That upon the ECA and the State Department, tor. I will state that in the committee is one reason we are undertaking to help with a view to discontinuing that sort of report it is set forth that- western Europe. We want her to be situation, if it exists. The Administrator- strengthened. We want her to have in­ Mr. WATKINS. I invite the Sena­ That is our Administrator- ternal fortitude, not only of a spiritual tor's attention to the trade treaty be­ tween Great Britain and Poland. It is has encouraged east-west trade within the and mental character, but the weapons limits of n ational security. and the production of war materials, if well known that Poland is a satellite of necessary, which will enable her to de­ Russia, and under the domination of That is the point which, as I under­ f end herself from any attack from with­ Russia. It is much more recent than the stand it, largely is in the Senator's mind. out. I cannot say how many locomo­ treaty between Great Britain and Rus­ He wants trade, but he does not want tives Great Britain has sent to Russia. sia. ·In the trade treaty between Great trade that will even indirectly strengthen I do not know about the steel rails. Britain and Poland, Great Britain is to Russia in security matters. Mr. WATKINS. I think that provi­ trade with Poland for certain Polish Mr. KNOWLAND. The only reason I sion is contained in the treaty itself. :t products a certain quantity of copper. I r aised the question now, I will say to provides for so many tons of locomotives do not know how many pounds or tons. the Senator from Texas, is that I was and steel rails, if I am not mistaken. I Of course, copper is a commodity which reasonably well satisfied with the work­ do not happen to have a copy of that can be used to build up the war poten­ ing of this arrangement until I read the trade pact at the moment, but that is my tial. Does the Foreign Relations Com­ press dispatch today, but if this situa­ memory of it. I remember that during mittee have any information as to what ti0n is to completely reverse itself, then the discussion a year ago when this ques­ is happening under that trade treaty? it might be advisable for the Senate to tion was before the Senate it was pointed Mr. CONNALLY. I assume it is be­ strike out the words "insofar as prac­ out that there might be violations· under ing carried out. ticable" so that we are not leaving the this particular trade treaty or others Mr. WATKINS. And Great Britain is barn door wide open. I should like to which Great Britain might negotiate with actually turning over copper to Pol_and? 3084 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24 Mr. CONNALLY. If she has a treaty of this act. However, we are assured wish to abolish this plan and turn the to that effect. that the United Kingdom and other other nations loose so that they can Mr. WATKINS. Would the Senator countries signing bilateral agreements trade in arms and war materials, and all regard that as a violation of the spirit are cooperating with us and trying to that sort of thing? of the recovery program? go along with our views and desires. Mr. WATKINS. I have not so indi­ Mr. CONNALLY. I would prefer that We always have the backlog of discon­ cated. I am trying to prevent such a such a situation should not exist; but I tinuing this relief if we are led to believe thing. must say to the Senator from Utah that that other nations are not living up to Mr. CONNALLY. The Senator has we cannot stop all trade in Europe be­ their contracts and obligations. That is indicated that if the European nations tween various nations. That is one about all I can say to the Senator at the are doing these things, we might as well thing we are trying to build up. We moment. I wish to be courteous, but I abolish the whole program. cannot simply issue an edict and shut do not care to yield all afternoon for Mr. WATKINS. No. I think we had it off. I suppose Great Britain, if she speeches instead of questions. better lay down rules, regulations, and entered into such a treaty, was trying Mr. WATKINS. I have taken about policies which will make it impossible for to get some commodities from Poland 7 minutes. I should like "'to ask if it is them to do so. which she direly needed in her own econ­ the attitude of the Foreign Relations Mr. CONNALLY. We already have omy. However, I shall be glad to have Committee, particularly the chairman, rules and regulations, and we have the the subject investigated for the Sena­ that in the event we find such things are assurance that the countries which are tor. . If he has any proof, we shall be happening, and that the nations we are within the scope of these contracts and glad to have him cooperate with us. helping are actually shipping to Russia agreements are undertaking to live up Mr. WATKINS. I understand that and her satellites material which could · to their obligations. there is such a trade treaty. In fact, I be used to build up their wa:.: potential, Mr. WATKINS. That is the very have read what purports to be a copy we ought to discontinue the program of thing I am trying to find out. Are they of that trade treaty, furnished to me by helping those nations. trying to live .up to them? the State Department itself. I am very Mr. CONNALLY. No. Mr. CONNALLY. I cannot go over much concerned as to what is going on Mr. WATKINS. Or should we lay there personally and come back and re­ under the European recovery program, down such stringent rules that they can port that I saw the Russians and the and whether, as a matter of fact, the no longer do that sort of thing? Poles. I do not know. We must rely on nations we are trying to help are ac­ Mr. CONNALLY. My information is the people w~ have in Europe for this tually observing the spirit of the pro­ that they are not shipping any war ma­ information. They assure us that they gram. For example, I have been told by terials as such. Anything could be a are not .shipping war materials to Rus· travelers who have returned from Eu­ war material. If a man were hungry, sia. They assure us that they are co­ rope, people who have lived in Europe a pone of bread would be a war material operating with our own people in an for many years and have recently re­ if he wanted to fight. Any other eco­ effort to stimulate trade in proper lines, turned home, that there is much more nomic aid of that kind might be a war but not in potentially dangerous war· war talk in the United States than there material. However, let me say to the materials. That is all I can tell the is in Europe; that the people over there Senator that we can take up these ques­ Senator. He can ~sk me 50 questions, are not nearly so concerned as we are. tions through the ECA and the State but I cannot answer any more than that I can see some indication that there Department. If other nations are not . at the moment. may be some truth in that statement, living up to their obligations, if they are Mr. DONNELL. Mr. President, will if Great Britain feels that she can con­ not respecting the commitments they the Senator yield? tinue to ship copper to Poland and steel have made, we can bring the question to Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. rails and locomotives to Russia. Prob­ their attention and correct those things. Mr. DONNELL. I should like to ask ably Great Britain is not greatly con­ Mr. WATKINS. That is what I am · the Senator this question: If it be true cerned over whether or not she builds trying to do now. This is the only op­ that Great Britain is entering upon a up the war potential of Russia. portunity I have, as one Senator, to policy of furnishing war materiel to It seems to me that we ought to have check on the program; and I am relying Russia and is undertaking to pursue such information on the subject. It ought on the Senator from Texas to help me. a policy as was indicated by the dispatch to be before the Senate so that we can Mr. CONNALLY. We are just as PlUCh read by the Senator from California, know whether or not we are actually interested in that question as is the Sen­ · does not the Senator from Texas regard receiving cooperation from the European ator from Utah. I do not thinl: it is the such action by Great Britain at this time powers we are trying to help. I know particular function of any one Senator as both inconsistent and unfortunate, in that that subject was discussed at great to have a monopoly on patriotism and view. of the fact that in the North length before we voted a year ago. Per­ public interest. I say that in all kind­ Atlantic Pact, which will soon be before sonally I relied upon assurance from ness. the Senate, there is a sentence reading members of the Foreign Relations Com­ Mr. WATKINS. Have I indicated that that- mittee that the situation would be I claim a monopoly? They- watched, and that nothing of that kind Mr. CONNALLY. Not at all; but I would be permitted to occur. have some evidence along that line. Meaning the signatories, of whom I have already indicated that one Mr. WATKINS. We shall get to that Great Britain is one- member of the committee thought that a little later, I hope, before we get will seek to eliminate conflict in their inter­ anyone who would aid or encourage or through. national economic policies and will encour­ permit such a situation to continue I wish to assure the Senator that I age economic collaboration between any or would be guilty of treason. I myself have supported this program. I sup­ all of them. would not go that far; but I think it ported the loans to Greece and Turkey, Mr. CONNALLY. I shall answer the would be an inconsistent attitude to levy and the Marshall program for aid to Senator. Of course, if Great Britain is heavy taxes on our people to provide Europe, with the hope that we could ac­ violating the agreement she has entered commodities, money, and means for Eu­ complish many of the things which we into with the United States, she ought ropean nations, and at the same time were told would be accomplished. I think to suffer the consequences. But, on the have them ship from their own stock it is my duty, as one Senator, to raise other hand, I am not assuming that she piles, their own stores, or their own questions about this program, to see how is doing that. I am not assuming to manufactures, to the countries which we can make it most effective, and to be true a newspaper article based on a might ultimately be our enemies, coun­ learn whether or not it is actually the statement by some United Kingdom poli­ tries against whom we are trying to win right program to go ahead with. tician, who probably was making a the cold war. Mr. CONNALLY. I am glad to hear speech for political consumption by his Mr. CONNALLY. The ECA, which the Senator. We are all just as much own constituents. We have assurances makes bilateral agreements with other concerned as he is. We are endeavoring that Britain is not shipping war mate­ nations, assures us that the signatory to carry out the wishes of the Senate in rials to Russia. If anyone has any proof nations are cooperating with the United our own national welfare and by our that she is doing so, let him bring it for­ States. That does not include Poland, own patriotic endeavors. We are doing ward in the way of proof, but not simply because Poland is not within the scope the best we can. Would the Senator in the way of an oratorical outburst. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RgcoRD-SENATE 3085

· Mr. DONNELL. My question was not ~ As I pointed out a while ago, war ma­ ration of east-west trade, short of war particularly as regards whether any of terials really include practically every­ potentials, is an important matter. the proposed signatories to the North thing; · they include food and clothing I think I can testify, without having Atlantic Pact are presently violating an and practically everything else. the specific facts before me, that a com~ obligation under ECA, but my question The State Department largely controls pletely good faith effort is being made to is this: If it be true that Great Britain and dominates the section Qf the Depart­ confine exports from the beneficiary is entering upon or is pursuing a policy ment of Commerce relating to export countries to the standards which we· of furnishing war materiel to Russia, controls. They have already formulated have substantially set for ourselves. I does not the Senator from Texas think a long list of articles of the kind the would expect, I may say to the Senator: that such action on the part of Great Senator has in mind; so no exports of from Utah, that it would be quite pos~ Britain should be def erred, and no po­ those articles from this country are sible to produce exhibits here and there sition to that effect should be taken by allowed. But it is so difficult to impose which, in a controversy on the subject, Great Britain, until after it shall have upon other governments a long list of might be temporary exceptions to the been. determined whether the pact shall articles which we might tell them they rule. But I believe an over-all test of be entered into, particularly in view of could not ship, that it is wholly imprac­ the situation will conform with the result the fact that the pact contains the sen­ tical to do what the Senator from In­ which the Senator from Texas has incti~ tence I have already quoted, namely: diana has suggested. cated, and which I have tried to indicate. They will seek to eliminate conflict in Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, it might I should like to say to the Senator from their international economic policies and be a little impractical, but it is not im­ Missouri it is my understanding that in will encourage economic collaboration be­ possible, because in this country we al­ connection with the Atlantic Pact, if, as, tween any or all of them. ready have authorized the stock piling of and when it develops-I do not want to Mr. CONNALLY. I say to the Senator certain strategic materials and metals keep referring to that document, but I that of course I do not have any quarrel which we shall need in the event of war. want to give the Senator this informa.,. with that situation. Britain is going So I think it is unfair for the Marshall tion at the moment-it is my under.; into the pact; Britain has signed the plan countries to use the benefits of the standing that there will be an official pact; and I cannot conceive of Britain's funds and taxes of this Nation which we memorandum certifying the British in­ shipping war materials in the face of are giving them in an effort to accom­ formation and attitude that its tract~ that situation; and, in fact, we have as­ plish their own recovery, to ship the very agreement with Russia does not in any; surances that Britain is not shipping materials we need to possible enemies of way, and will not be allowed in any way, war materials. That is all I can say to ours, or, at any rate, to further to again come into conflict with the obli­ the Senator. strengthen the satellite countries and gations to which the Senator referred, in Mr. DONNELL. I thank the Senator Russia. I think there should be some the prospective North Atlantic Pact. .provision prohibiting the shipment to Mr. DONNELL. Mr. President, will from Texas. the Senator yield, to permit me to ask Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, will the those countries of materials which we ourselves actually need. either of the two Senators who have just Senator yield? spoken a question? Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. Mr. CONNALLY. As I have said, I know of no way of doing so. Of course, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does Mr. JENNER. I wish to ask the dis­ the Senator from Texas yield to the Sen­ tinguished Senator from Texas, the if we have a contract with those coun­ tries and if they do not live up to the ator from Missouri for the purpose chairman of the Foreign Relations Com­ stated? mittee, whether he thinks this whole terms of the contract, we can cancel the contract. But my information is that Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. matter might be clarified if we were to Mr. DONNELL. The Senator from prescribe in this bill some definitions of they are living up to their contracts. Mr. VANDENBERG rose. Texas referred to the man who was war materials, so as to state what they quoted by the Senator from California as are. As I understand the matter, the Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sen­ some newspaperman making a political authorization act now contains no defi­ ator from Michigan, if he desires to have speech. I call the attention of the Sen­ nition which would enable one to deter­ me yield to him. ator from Texas to the fact that the man mine what a raw material is or what a Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, I who was quoted in the article read by; war material is. If we are to have the think the answer the Senator from Texas the Senator from California is Harold spirit of the act lived up to, I think per­ has given is correct. I should like to sup­ Wilson, president of the Board of Trade. haps an amendment would be necessary, plement it, with his permission; first stat­ I observe from the World Almanac of so as to indicate what are war materials. ing that I totally sympathize with 'the 1949 the Labor government of Great The act does not contain a definition of viewpoint of the able Senator from Utah Britain, as of August 1, 1948, included the them now, so a loaf of bread might be [Mr. WATKINS] and the able Senator Right Honorable Harold Wilson as a considered a war material, if one wished from Indiana [Mr. JENNER] and the member of the Labor Cabinet, he being to interpret it as such. spirit in which they raise this question: President of the Board of Trade. I infer My point is that if we are going to I believe it will be found that our ex­ from the dispatch which was read by the fight a cold war with Russia and if we port list in respect to war materials is Senator from California that the inter­ are going to use the taxpayers' money to substantially the key list which the bene­ change between Mr. Wilson and Conserv-. ficiary countries use as a basis for their help European recovery, we must not ativ~ .John Langford Holt, at least in permit the nations we help under the identification of exports which are not part, and I assume probably entirely, was European recovery plan to ship to Russia eligible for shipment to the Soviets and in the House of Commons. materials which Russia could use against their satellites. As the able Senator from Mr. CONNALLY. I may say to the us. However, under the present act, Texas has said, inevitably there are bor­ Senator I did not say anything about a inasmuch as it contains no definition of derline cases. Frequently it is impossible newspaperman. I said some local poli­ what is a raw material or what is a war to determine whether a given commodity tician in the United Kingdom. Evi­ material, all the countries participating has a war potential which is not over­ dently he is a politician, because he holds in the European recovery plan are in a come to a substantial degree by the im­ a Cabinet job. position to go ahead and trade with mediate peace potential which the ship­ Mr. DONNELL. He is at any rate a Russia, even in the most strategic ment is to serve. I think it is perfectly member of the Cabinet and occupies a supplies. clear from the record, insofar as I am very distinguished position, I should say, So does not the Senator from Texas familiar with it, that a good-faith effort and the statement was made in the think such an amendment is necessary is being made to conform to a common course of discussion in the House of if we are to win a cold war or to stop a standard in this aspect, and one which Commons. · cold war with Russia? reflects our own standard. Mr. CONNALLY. Certainly he has a Mr. CONNALLY. We do not think it Of course, all of us are anxious to re­ distinguished position. He is a member would be possible, by placing such an store peacetime east-west trade, because of the Cabinet. If he were not in line amendment in this bill-which is an ac­ · except as that can be done sooner or later with the Labor Party he would not be a tion of the United States Government-­ we shall be permanently saddled with the member of the Cabinet. The speeches to stop other governments from shipping responsibilities which we have only tem. which are made in the British Parlia­ materials as they pleased. por_arilY: assum~<:!· Therefore, the resto~ ment frequently are made to bolster UP. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24 support for the Labor Party. I thank the should be some definition of a strategic quirements and the dollar-earning ca­ Senator from Michigan for his statement material of that kind, prohibiting the pacity of the ERP countries because any along that line. countries we are helping through the price decline can cut at least two ways.' Let me suggest to the Senator from European recovery plan from shipping A price decline may mean not only lower Missouri that building up the east and manganese to the satellite countries. We prices for the goods Europe buys, but also west trade between the satellite coun­ need manganese. If they have any to lower prices for the things it sells. It tries, if necessary, and western Europe ship, they surely should ship it to us in ought to be more feasible to foresee the is for the advantage of western Europe, exchange for the assistance we are giving price trend when the authorization We are not shipping, and our informa­ to them. comes to the attention of the Appropri­ tion is the western European nations are Mr. CONNALLY. We are receiving ations Committee. not shipping, any war materials to coun­ manganese from Russia now. To sum up, Mr. President, the com­ tries behind the iron curtain. But to Mr. JENNER. I understand. mittee examined the authorizations in cut off all trade between western Europe Mr. CONNALLY. Does the Senator the present bill with painstaking care. and the satellite countries would impose wish to see that cut off? While we approved the full amount re­ upon the United States a greatly in­ · Mr. JENNER. Of course not. But in quested, I want to emphasize that the creased burden in carrying out the pro­ all likelihood Russia herself will cut it members of the committee are, of course, 0 gram. We would have to go deeper into off or greatly reduce it. Therefore, if free to reconsider these figures when the Treasury. We would have to get England or France or any of the other the final vote is taken on the appropri­ more of the people's money, about which countries we are aiding has manganese, ation. Senators eloquently speak. So that is rather than send it to Poland or Czecho­ In making this statement I do not the reason we want, so far as possible, to slovakia, or some other place, let them want to detract one iota from the com­ have normal trade between western Eu­ send it to us. If that is unreasonable, I mittee's endorsement of the full amount. rope and the satellite countries. Divert am crazy. Mr. President, some doubt has been it from Russia. Get it away from Rus­ Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I cast upon the validity of ECA's figures sia. Let Russia do business with the should like to continue with my remarks, as a result of the speech recently made western European nations that are not if I niay. I may say with regard to the by Mr. Mayhew, British Pariiamentary sending war materials to the satellite interruptions, of course the Foreign Rela­ Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs. states or to the Soviets. tions Committee and the chairman of I am sorry that the Senator from Mis­ Mr. GREEN. Mr. President, will the the committee want to preserve the peace souri is not present at this moment to Senator yield? of the world. We do not want war ma­ hear my discussion of the British state­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does terials to be shipped to Russia or to the ment which was made some. time ago. the Senator from Texas yield to the Sen­ satellite countries. Such materials are I hope the Senator from Utah will ator from Rhode Island? not now being shipped to those countries, remain. Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. according to the regulations of our De­ Mr. WATKINS. I intend to remain. Mr. GREEN. I thank the Senator. I partment. I thank the Senator from Mr. CONNALLY. In that speech Mr. thought in reply to the suggestion of the Rhode Island for making clear a portion Mayhew indicated that Britain's recovery Senator from Indiana that the definition of that matter. We do not need the is now virtually complete. We all re­ of raw materials be included, that the definition. We are not setting ourselves joice with them in the progress made. term "war materials" is not used in the up as a dictator. We do not profess However, I think it can be expected, act in connection with the subject he power merely to put our finger on any from time to time, that European offi­ was discussing. The language of the act country we want to, and say, "Now, do cials will make optimistic speeches of a is: not do that, do not do this." We must political nature especially designed to The Administrator is directed to refuse de­ act through normal channels. convince their constituents at home of livery insofar as practicable to participating Mr. President, the committee has ap­ the desirability of certain domestic poli­ countries of commodities which go into the proved the sum of $1,150,000,000 to en­ cies and couched in such terms that production of any commodity for delivery to able the program to continue for the 3 any nonparticipating European country, Americans might question the need for months' period from April 3 to June 30, further American aid. which commodity would be refused export 1949. Since substantially all the funds licenses to those countries by the United Mr. Mayhew, as I recall, was making a States in the interest of national security, available to ECA will have been obli­ speech defending his party and seeking gated by April 2, it is absolutely essen­ So there is the definition, if one is tial that the authorization be approved justification for the action of his party in needed, of "war materials," although the at an early date. I adverted to that a not going ahead with some of the na­ term is not used. In other words, it little while ago, stating that although tionalistic plans and programs. So, as seems to me that is as definite as it could the money may not have been actually a matter of defense, he stated: be. paid over, if it has been obligated, it is We do not need to use so much money in Mr. JENNER. Mr. President, will the these enterprises. We have already largely in effect already expended. recovered under the ECA program. Senator yield? I should like to try to ECA's experience has demonstrated make my point clear. that, in order to handle procurement ef­ We were not satisfied with the news­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does fectively, a substantial amount of funds paper reports. The committee's analysis the Senator from Texas yield to the should be available at least 2 months in left no doubt that, in spite of encourag­ Senator from Indiana? advance. For this reason, the commit­ ing British internal recovery, she still is Mr. CONNALLY. I hope the Senator tee has approved a Reconstruction Fi· unable to earn all the dollars required will be brief. nance Corporation advance of $750,000,- for essential imports. . Mr. JENNER. I shall be. 000. There must be no loss of momen­ There is a difference between internal Mr. CONNALLY. I · want to get tum in the procurement program, no dis­ recovery and external recovery. We all through. I want to conclude this ruption in the stream of supplies. We know that the clamor has been for more discussion. must not lose ground. dollars. Most of the European countries Mr. JENNER. It will not take more The committee also authorized the have large amounts of their own cur­ than half a minute. sum of $150,000,000 for forward con­ rency, but they want dollars, because dol­ Mr. CONNALLY. I have given the tracting, so that equipment for vital lars constitute the only kind of money Senator an opportunity once to dis­ long-term projects may be contracted that is accepted as being worth any­ cuss it. for without falling excessively upon a thing. Mr. JENNER. It will not take more country's allotment in any one year. ~t Since Mr. Mayhew's statement, this than half a minute. is important in launching such projects has been explicitly confirmed by Sir Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. I reserve that some assurance be given to Ameri­ Stafford Cripps and other high British - the right, however, to refuse to yield any can contractors that they will receive officials. Moreover, the committee re­ further. · payment for their equipment after 1950. called Mr. Hoffman and Mr. Finletter, Mr. JENNER. I may say to the Sena­ ~o appropriation will be required for chief of our ECA mission in London, and tor from Rhode Island the country is very this purpose duripg the next fiscal year. · examined them very carefully on this short of manganese. Our great supply We looked carefully into the effect of point. We must conclude that any sub­ of manganese comes from Russia, There lower prices upon both the program re- stantial cut in dollar aid to Britain would 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3087 be a tragic mistake. It would seriously capital will increasingly seek investment Mr. AIKEN. That situation ·has im­ retard British and European recovery. opportunities abroad as Europe recovers. proved, has it not, to the extent that the All of us know that the United King­ The House bill, in this respect, has ECA countries are getting into such a dom is the heart of the European situa­ much broader provisions than has the position that they are not dependent on tion. We know that she has dominated Senate bill. We simply provide that either Poland or the United States? the economy of Europe in the past, so American interests can make invest­ Mr. CON:t'lALLY. They are improving, that anything that would seriously im­ ments abroad and we will guarantee the but still they have to get a great deal of pair her recovery would react unfavor­ conversion of their foreign money into coal from Poland. Poland is a great pro­ ably upon the progress of Europe. United States dollars, but we do not ducer of coal, and it was to take away The estimated British requirements for guarantee their profits or anything more some of their undue profits that this dollar aid next year already represent a than convertibility. We think that is a provision was drawn up. 24-percent cut over last year, compared sound policy. The committee found that the effect on' with a 15-percent reduction for the ERP Fifth. We have clarified the 50-50 European prices could be overcome if the countries as a group. shipping provision by making it quite Administrator were authorized not to re­ · We are making some progress. We clear that 50 percent of ERP goods should quire the deposit of local currency are not giving Great Britain as much as be shipped in American vessels to the counterpart funds to cover the increased was involved in the last bill. The cut in extent these are available at market costs of shipment in United States vessels. the amount allotted to the United King­ rates for United States fiag vessels. Accordingly, we pro'\l'ided that deposits dom is greater than for all the :r;;est of -Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the should not be required in such cases. the ERP countries. Senator yield? That was for the purpose of equalizing Clearly this is an excellent example of Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. this situation. the principle that, with respect to Euro­ Mr. AIKEN. Does that provlSlon Sixth. In the field of strategic and pean recovery, we cannot afford to be mean 50 percent of the goods of each critical materials-I regret the Senator short-sighted. We must take a broad country, or of the nations as a whole? from Arkansas is not on the floor-we view of the entire program and never Mr. CONNALLY. The nations as a have reemphasized the position of ECA lose sigh~ of its basic objectives. whole. by directing that the Administrator Mr. President, let me summarize Mr. AIKEN. That means Holland, of should continue to make the fullest use of briefiy some of the other amendments course; and Norway is one of the ECA his bargaining power to help the United approved by the committee. countries, is it not? States acquire the materials it needs. First. We have amended the preamble Mr. CONNALLY. That is correct. With the approval of the Bureau of Fed­ to the act to make clear that it is the Mr. · AIKEN. Norway can certainly eral Supply, and with funds available to policy of the people of the United States not recover unless she is permitted to other agencies for this purpose, the Ad­ to encourage the unification of Europe. rebuild her shipping. We would not re­ ministrator may enter into long-term That does not mean politically. The quire Norway to accept half of the ECA purchase contracts for the United States. real impetus toward unification, of goods in American bottoms. The committee action does not restrict course, must come from the people of Mr. CONNALLY. No; we give them other United States agencies from stimu­ Europe themselves. It i~ not the prov­ 50 percent of the total, and we do that lating production or purchasing materials ince of the United States to dictate to in order to help the maritime nations in other parts of the world. Europe. We can sympathize with her to continue in business. The business In other words, we authorize the ECA and be of aid to her, but she must die-. must be available at the same rates which to utilize its bargaining power in stimu­ tate her own policies as to unity in the American-flag vessels charge. future. Since United States-flag vessel mar­ lating the production of these strategic Second. We have approved a higher ket rates are often higher than world materials, which we may need, but we status for the Deputy United States Rep­ market fates, the amendment which I use and employ for their purchase the resentative in Europe and the chiefs of have been discussing provides additional funds of the particular department which the ECA missions abroad. This we did protection for the American merchant desires to utilize them, for instance, because of the great importance of their marine. Army, Navy, or the merchant marine. work: Mr. AIKEN. Does that mean that no Their funds are what will be used for pay­ There is a slight improvement in sal­ goods can be shipped at rates which ex­ ing, but the ECA, because of its contacts ary and rank. When a man gets into ceed the American merchant marine abroad and its bargaining power, is au­ foreign countries he must have rank, lots rates? thorized to carry on that sort of work. of rank. The officials of foreign nations Mr. CONNALLY. No; it means only The Bureau of Federal Supply is the over­ do not like to have to associate with any­ the 50 percent. all supply market, and we use their funds one who is not on a very high level. Mr. AIKEN. But there are no coun­ with which to purchase these materials. Third. We have changed the basic act tries where the shipping rates are higher Seventh. The committee decided not to to provide that 15 percent instead of 25 than in our own merchant ships. continue the requirement of the present percent of all wheat shipped with ECA Mr. CONNALLY. I do not think there act that certain fixed amounts should be funds should be in the form of fiour. We are. That is why it is necessary for us used only in the form of loans. Loans, believe this amendment is desirable be­ to look after this, in a way. however, can and should be used wher­ cause of the changing supply situation. These higher freight costs, however, ever they can be made on a sound basis. We had very great pressure brought to add not only to the dollar costs of the The issue that probably exercised the bear on the committee to leave the program but also to the prices paid by committee most-the relationship of sur­ figure at 25 percent. The millers were buyers in Europe in their own currencies. plus commodities and United States busi­ anxious to be able to make as much Thus the effect is inflationary on prices ness generally to the ECA program-re­ wheat into flour as was possible. .The in Europe. This has been especially se­ sul ted in no amendments basically alter­ Senator from Kansas was very active. rious in the case of coal and, among ing the nature and purpose of the re­ The committee heard him patiently, but, other things, has caused the participat­ covery program. Last year the ECA bill all things considered, the committee de­ ing countries to pay higher prices for provided protection against inflation and termined that 15 percent was a better Polish coal than would otherwise have serious shortages of certain types of com­ ratio than was 25 percent. been necessary. modities. It also required the Adminis­ I think, on the whole, it was acceptable I am not quite sure as to how that can trator to take account of agricultural sur­ to the milling interests. be explained, but I think it can be ex­ pluses under certain conditions consistent Fourth. We have made it possible for plained in this way: The cost of the with the objective of promoting European the Administrator to continue to guar­ freight has been added in the past to recovery. antee the convertibility into dollars of the price of the coal, so that when it The committee agreed unanimously foreign currency secured· from new reaches Europe, Poland, in order to com­ that the Administrator should give sym-· American investments in the participat­ pete, in order to get all the profit it can, pathetic consideration and attention to ing countries. Thus far progress in this added the freight to its cost, and sold the use of United States surplus com­ direction has not been encouraging. It its coal with the cost of the freight added, modities and should not discriminate is expected, however, that under the thereby getting a larger percentage of against the use of American services. On stimulus of this guaranty, American profit than it was really entitled to. the other hand, the committee did not 3088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24 subscribe to the proposition that the Ad­ there made the further investment of before the committee, and may result in ministrator should be compelled to use ECA funds unjustifiable. some action before the present bill is large quantities of surplus commodities After a careful examination of the evi­ concluded. which are not needed for European re­ dence, the committee was convinced that Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the covery. Nor should he be compelled to continued aid to the Netherlands will not Senator yield? give preferential treatment to any par­ contribute in any significant degree to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the ticular segment of American business. the support of its operations in Indo­ Senator from Texas yield to the Senator There was a good deal of pressure on nesia. According to our information, from Vermont? the committee to set up devices by which the Dutch have not incurred heavy mili­ Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. the producers of certain commodities tary expenditures, either in dollars or Mr. AIKEN. As one Senator whose . would have preferential shipment of their in other resources, in· excess of their ex­ name appeared among the 50 signers of commodities to Europe. We founded penditures in that area prior to Decem­ the letter, I should like to say to the Sen­ our action upon the fundamental princi­ ber 21. Moreover, it is reported that ator from Texas that it certainly was not ples-.which I have undertaken to enunci­ these operations are supported from my intention to ask the Foreign Rela­ ate in the last few minutes. local revenues and do not constitute a tions Committee for aid to China. As I It is true that various American busi­ charge against the national budget of recall the letter, it asked the committee nesses have experienced losses of for­ the Netherlands Government. to consider a bill introduced by the .Sen­ eign markets because of the acute dollar · Under these circumstances it seems to ator from Nevada. I was somewhat mys­ shortage. Yet without the ECA, and the committee most unwise to cut oft'. tified .to read the complete letter later, without the hope of general European re­ aid to the Netherlands and thus com­ but I want to assure. the Senator from covery and consequent increased world pletely disrupt Dutch recovery and seri­ Texas that, as one of the 50 Members of trade, American business would face a ously impair the entire European re­ the Senate who signed the letter, it cer.'. host of economic barriers and even covery program. tainly was not my intention to ask for greater losses of markets. I should like to remind the Senate aid to China at this time. The committee rejected an amend­ that the Security Council is actively en­ Mr. CONNALLY. I thank the Senator ment which would have required the gaged in working out a solution of this from Vermont. We construed the letter Administrator to cut oft'. aid to any coun­ entire Indonesian problem. It would, as he says he intended it to be con­ try which fails to comply with the or­ therefore, seem best to concentrate our strued-not that the signers were com­ ders or .requests of the Security Council efl'.orts on assisting in reaching a collec­ mitting themselves -to any particular of the United Nations. tive answer in the Security Council, measure but that the signers of the letter At this point I yield to the Senator which might be complicated if we should were asking the Committee on Foreign from Michigan, if it is desired. I am now insist on taking unilateral action to Relations to give attention to the Chinese gettj.ng down to the Indonesia project, if deal with one segment of the problem. situation, and we have done so and are he cares to discuss that. This course would be consistent with our continuing to do so. Even today, all Mr. VANDENBERG. No; I suggest policy of support for tbe United Nations. morning, we had a distinguished man that we discuss Indonesia when the I profoundly hope that a solution will before us who knows China, and who amendment is brought up. soon be f ou.nd, in view of the important gave his testimony on the subject until Mr. WATKINS. Mr. Presi-Oent, I contribution the production of a peace­ noon. should like to indicate to the Senator ful Indop.esia can make to European Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, from Texas that when he has finished recovery. 'Will the Senator yield for a question? his main presentation I have some ques­ With respect to the timing of action on Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. tions I should like to ·ask him.before he aid to China, it is believed appropriate Mr. SALTONSTALL. If the question yields the floor, if he will be so gracious that China should be dealt wjth sepa­ ls not a proper one the Senator from as to permit it. rately in relation to the unique circum­ Texas, of course, will not answer it. Mr. CONNALLY. I shall examine the stances that exist in that country. That While it is going over the· Chinese prob­ questions when they are propounded. I is also the attitude of the House of Rep­ lems is the committee at the moment do not care to make any general prom­ resentatives, in which a bill has been in­ considering any concrete recommenda­ ises. If the Senator. is going to try to troduced on that subject, and which pro­ tion from the administration? hijack me, I shall have to decline to vides that it should not be involved with Mr. CONNALLY. Does the Senator yield further. the general terms of the bill we are now mean the executive administration? Mr. WATKINS. I said that when the considering. The highly fluid and un­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. Yes. :Senator concluded his main speech I certain ·character of the Chinese situa­ Mr. CONNALLY. Representatives of wanted to.. as.It . him some questio;ns. If tion, including the exact outcome of po­ the executive department have appeared ·he does not want me to·ask them, he may litical negotiations now being attempted before us, but I am not at the moment so indicate. between the Chinese Government and prepared to divulge what they have had Mr. CONNALLY. I shall wait and the Chinese Communists, distinguishes to say, because the proceedings have take the chance. The Senator has a sharply the problem of aid for China been held in executive session. I will say very shrewd. and aggressive mind, and I from the long-ra'nge reconstruction to the Senator from Massachusetts that am sure his questions will be right to measures being undertaken for Europe. we are giving consideration to all aspects the point. It was with similar considerations· in of the Chinese problem with a hope that I remind the SenatP. that the imposi• mind that the Congress last year limited we can contribute something to its solu­ tion of sanctions is thoroughly covered its concept of aid for China to 1 year tion, although it has not gotten down in the Charter. That is a matter for the rather than to 4 years as in the case of to the point that the committee is pre­ Security Council to determine. It would; the European recovery program. It pared to recommend at the moment any therefore, be totally improper to use the would be inappropriate and misleading particular action, except the committee ECA, an agency of the United States, to at this juncture to act on the two sit­ will probably recommend-it has not apply sanctions unilateraly in such a uations simultaneously. done so .yet, but I think it will-that the case. I am in complete agreement with the unexpended balance of from about $56,- I know that many Senators are dis­ 50 Members of the Senate who recently 000,000 to $58,000,000 for the 3 months' turbed lest our assistance to the Nether­ addressed a letter to the Committee on period, allocated to China, may be ex­ lands contribute toward that govern­ Foreign Relations that our policy toward tended and continued for another period, ment's military operations in Indonesia. China is of the utmost importance. The and that it may be expended. Further Let me review briefly the facts. Origi­ basic problem which confronts us is this: than that, though, we have not gone. nally the ECA had allotted $84,000,000 What is it feasible to do under existing Mr. SALTONSTALL. Then, there is to the Netherlands Government for use circumstances? no public-and that is the only thing I in Indonesia. On December 22, 1948, I will say to the Senate that the Com­ am asking-no public recommendation however, that part of assistance to the mittee on Foreign Relations has been from the executive department to the Netherlands intended for Indonesia was giving extensive attention to this ques­ Congress, at the time, with relation to cut oft'.. That was our act. We cut it tion. Many men who are supposed to be. China? oft'.. This was done because the outbreak acquainted. with conditions in Asia have Mr. CONNALLY. No. I will say to of hostilities and the resultant disorder appeared before us. The matter is still the Senator that Judge KEE, Represent- 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3089 ative from West Virginia, introduced a (iollars and deficit dollars, and so oii. As I understand, when we provided bill which represents, as I understand, Would the Senator prefer that I wait European recovery funds last year there the view of the ECA on the subject. l'he with my question? was a provision in the bill which stated Senator can consult that bill. Mr. CONNALLY. I should prefer to that at least $1,000,000,000 would be in While there is little we can do at this have the Senator wait, but I . will yield the form of repayable loans. time to determine the course of events now, if he so desires. Mr. CONNALLY. Not quite $1,000,- in China, it would be consistent with Mr. SALTONSTALL. The Senator 000,000. It was $900,000,000. our traditional friendship for the Chi­ has been talking about the deficit in Mr. ELLENDER. I understand that nese people if, in the face of their adver­ dollars estimated for 1952. My question that provision has been striken from the sity, the United States were to continue is with relation to the blocked-sterling law by the amendment which appears in its economic relief until the next harvest countries, our ability to trade with those the measure now up for consideration. in areas of China that remain free of countries, and their general situation. Is it the intention of the sponsors of this Communist domination. I would, there­ Are they in a better position than they bill tc make the entire amount of funds fore, support an ECA request for con­ were a year ago or is their situation likely available to our friends in the form of gressional action to extend the authority to continue beyond 1952? gifts and grants? of the China Aid Act of 1948 to permit . Mr. CONNALLY. I think they are in Mr. CONNALLY. We did strike that commitment of unobligated appropria­ a better condition because of the general provision. . tions for a limited period beyond April improvement in trade and economics, Mr. ELLENDER. Is it the intention 2, 1949-that is the matter I discussed but I cannot answer . the latter half of of the committee that the $5,400,000,000 a moment ago-the present expiration the question. is to be in the nature of gifts, rather than date of the act, and to authorize the Mr. SALTONSTALL. I bring that a part of it in loans, as is provided for in President to extend aid to such bene­ question up because, in order to make the present law? ficiaries in China as he may determine. this program successful, ·the European Mr. CONNALLY. A part of it will be That is in order to give its operation countries which we are aiding must re­ grants, and a part of it will be loans. some elasticity. Events in China are duce their imports from us and increase Mr. ELLENDER. Who is to determine changing-they are fluid-and we do not their exports. That means we would the extent to which a certain portion want to be tied down to any particular have less opportunity to trade with those shall be grants, and how much shall be course at the moment. Meanwhile, if countries. loans? the situation in China should clarify it­ Mr. CONNALLY. That is true. Mr. CONNALLY. Primarily the Ad­ self sufficiently, consideration could be Mr. SALTONSTALL. If our domestic ministrator will determine that question. given to such further measures as might employment drops, we should be able to Mr. ELLENDER. Can the Senator tell be appropriate. trade with other countries. It is my us who initiated such a plan? Before concluding my comments, let understanding that there are various Mr. CONNALLY. The Administrator me dispel one doubt that may be lurk­ other countries with which we cannot is supposed to consult with the National ing in many minds. A recent OEEC re­ trade today because of the blocked-ster­ Advisory Committee with regard to these port indicated that, according to present ling condition. I wonder if the Senator loans. calculations, the participating countries would be willing to elaborate a little on What was the other question? might still confront a balance of pay­ the problem and state whether or not Mr. ELLENDER. Who initiated such ments deficit in 1952 of some $3,000,000,- the situation is improving, so that our a change in the law? 000. In some quarters this report has trade can go elsewhere if it cannot go to Mr. CONNALLY. I cannot state at the been interpreted to mean that western the European countries. moment who initiated it. Europe cannot become self-supporting in Mr. CONNALLY. I can make only a Mr. ELLENDER.. The Senator is 4 years and that we will be compelled general statement. I think the last part chairman of the committee. I presume to continue our assistance even after of the Senator's statement is correct. he should be in a position to say who the program is over. There are other countries in which there brought it up. In my judgment, this is a complete can be an expansion, but at the moment · Mr. CONNALLY. I do not have to misunderstanding of the OEEC report. I cannot go into detail as to the opera­ ·know who wrote this paper, or on what The report merely states,- with utter tions in . the blocked-sterling countries. typewriter it was written. We have the candor, that present program plans are Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the plan before us. That is the important not entirely adequate to make western · Senator yield? thing. Europe self-supporting by the end of Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. Mr. ELLENDER. Who suggested that the program. It is not a request for more Mr. AIKEN. The Senator from Texas the change be made f ram earmarking funds. Rather it is a warning that the has indicated that he believes the United $1,000,000,000 for loans and the rest by participating countries must tighten Kingdom will be much better off as re­ way of gifts, as is now provided by law? their belts and make the necessary ad­ gards the dollar shortage by the year Mr. CONNALLY. The Administrator. justments in their programs in order to 1952. Does the Senator from Texas base Mr. ELLENDER. What·was the rea­ avoid the deficit referred to. this opinion on the expectation that son he gave for such a change? It has been repeatedly empnasized and Great Britain will . need· less dollars by Mr. CONNALLY. I cannot tell the the participating countries are. left in that time, or that her exports and trade Senator all his reasons. The Senator no doubt that they must put themselves with this country will have increased, so asked me who did it. . The Administra­ in a position by mid-1952 to be inde­ that she will have more dollars? tor did it. pendent of extraordinary American aid. Mr. CONNALLY. I think I agree to Mr. ELLENDER. He must have ad­ We do not expect to continue this-pro­ both prongs of the Senator's question. vanced some very good reasons to change gram beyond that time. We shall not I think her exports are going-to -increase · the mind of the· Senator from Texas. I continue this program beyond that time. and her general economic level will rise. should like to know if the Senator can Participating countries must understand Mr. AIKEN. The Senator believes give us some of those reasons. that such is our position. It is con­ there will be some improvement in both Mr. CONNALLY. He needed greater templated that, just as the proposed ap­ respects? authority, greater discretion, and greater propriation for next year is considerably Mr. CONNALLY. I think there will be leeway. He did not want to be com­ below that of the first year, so even. some improvement in both respects. pelled to make the loans unless he felt larger reductions may be made as recov­ Mr. AIKEN. I thank the Senator. that they were justified and should be ery proceeds, until the time when such Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will made, and were sound. aid is no longer required. · the Senator yield? Mr. ELLENDER. Does the record in­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. dicate that some of. the urging for- a will the Senator yield? Mr. ELLENDER. I must soon leave to change might have come from the re­ The PRESIDING OFFICER r the months and for the whole fiscall Senator fcom Texas yield? prices, both in imports to and exports fram year, and for the contractual $150,000,- Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. the . participating countries, and the mem­ 000 authorized, is not to exceed the Mr. TAFT. Does not the Senator agree bers of this committee are. of course, free to amount stated. That of course is usual that after hear·ng the testimony con­ reconsider the authorized figures in voting in connection with appropriation bills, cerning the possible reduction in prices, on the appropriations. Th1s statement and I confess that it ofttimes is meaning­ as a matter of fact it is an ephemeral should not be construed in any 'Seni>e- less, because when the Committee on Ap­ hope~ Does he not agree that any re­ There fallows an admonitory sugges­ propriations begins to {:Onsider the mat­ du.ction in prices of the things we ship tion that this statement is not to be -con­ ter it can be easily pressed upon the com­ is balanced by reduction of the prices .sidered as in any way detracting from mittee and easily used by the committee 'Of the exports which England and the the crunmittee's endorsement in general as a more or less binding commitment. other European countries are able to of the amount of funds requested, based But in this case I think there is enough make, so that as a practical matter there on its own investigation. I should like in the report to indicate that we were is no hope in the theory of a reduction to say to- the Senator from Ohio that, not undertaking to forec1ose the Com­ of prices? among other Senators, I, as a member of mittee on Apprcpriations in respect to Mr. CONNALLY. The committee re-· the committee, insisted that I expreS.sly these amounts; port points that out, that the same forces r.eserved the right to support on the floor Mr. TAFT. Does the Senator from which would lower the prices at one end in this bill and,· subsequently, in the ap­ Texas agree with the position of the v:ould lower them ait the other end also. propriations bill, whatever amount I felt 'Senator from Georgia? . Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, let me should be appropriated, and no more. Mr. CONNALLY. Th-er-e is in the re­ say again that that may be the view of We were told that all the estimates of port an explicit explanation that not the committee, but it never was my view. the needs of the recipient countries were only the members of the committee, but I am not undertaking to say that the based upon the price level of November all the Members of the Senate, have a fuU amount should not be appropriated, 30, last year. There has been som~ 'fluc­ right tu reconsider the matter when the that is, "not to exceed" these maximum tuations in the price level since that appropriations come bef<0re the Senate. amounts, but the view stated was never time. That .accounts for the use of the That is such a well-recognized principle my view. That was the :view stressed particular phrase, that the committee that I am amazed at the Senator from by the Administrator himself, which "believes that the Appropriations Com­ Ohio doubting it. would have had some force, as I see it, if mittee shoUld carefully consider any Mr. TAFT. It is a princip1e which is we had been dealing .at arm's length in changes in prices," and so forth, when not recogniZied by the newspapers of the making adT1.ances to the European coun­ the final appropriation is made. · country, and last year it was suggested~ tries for the purpose of enabling them Mr. TAFT. Mr. President, will the tn f'Sict, it was in effect alleged, that any­ to build up their exports. But when we Senator yield? one who attempted to take one cent o1f were giving them the money to build up Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. these appr.oprtations below the :amount their exports, then I do not see, and have Mr. TAFT. The statement made by authorized was repudiating a pnsitiom never been able to see, that there was the Senator from Georgia~ and the re­ which the committee had already taken. any mora1 or legal obligation that we It port itself, sugge~t to me this proposi­ 'is not understood by the people -Of the ought to fix their prices for such exports tion, which the Foreign Relations Com­ country. I am glad, however, to .have as they might be able to send out. mittee seems to be making, that this it settled, at least by the leading mem­ Mr. TAFT. My suggestion was that amount is the correct amount and that bers of the Committee on Foreign Rela­ a general reduction of prices, which nec­ we should not criticize the Appropria·­ tions. essarily would apply to our exports and tions Committee if they reduce the ap­ Mr. CONNALLY. Of course. we are make them cheaper, would indicate a propriation only to the extent of reduc­ not responsible for what some ·blather­ genera1 reduction of prices throughout tion in p1·ices of the goods. .skite may say in a newspaper or out of the world, which would mean a reduction :a newspaper. in the prices of the exports these coun­ Mr. CONNALLY. No. Mr. TAFT. I do not mean to imply Mr. TAFT. Is not that, in effect, what tries had to make, and under a theory that the editor of the New York Times with which I do not agree, that we are the Foreign Relations Committee is or the editor of the New York Herald saying? Tribune is a blatherskite, or that the supposed to make up a balance of ex­ Mr. CONNALLY. No. -editors of the other newspapers of the ports for these different.countries, -their Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, wlll the United States are. I am not accusing deficit would be increased, and therefore Senator yield further? them. I -am merely saying they do not we would be correspondingly losing in Mr. CONNALLY. I yield. un.derstand the principle which the Sen­ that w.ay. That is as I have read the Mr. GEORGE. That was the vlew nf ator is laying down. that the appropria­ statement in the report. of some members of the committlee. 1 tions can be less than the authoriza­ Mr. GREEN. Mr. President, will the thinlc some members took the \Tlew that tions. Senator from Texas yield? unless there had been a substantial de­ Mr. CONNALLY. I was a Member of Mr. CONNALLY. I yield to the Sen­ cline in the price level, the maximum of the Senate, I think, when the prin­ ator from Rhode Island. appropriations called for should be made. ciple of making authorizations was Mr. GREEN. I should like to try to But the Senator from Georgia did not adopted. I do not know whether my reply, in rough figures, to the question take that view. I seriously reserved the service here runs back that far, but it will.ch the Senator from Ohio asked the right to .consider other matters; in fact, has been clearly understood that an ap­ Senator from Texas. The figures run there are other matters which I thought, propriation could not exceed an author­ something like this. At the end of Feb­ all along, should have been considered. ization. It has been likewise under­ ruary the relief amounted to $2,600,000,- I am now calling attention to the fact stood that an appropriation may be cut 000. The total appropriation was about that we have tried to leave this matter below the auth-orizaition. The Senate $5,000,000,000. The rate of expense runs open for the Committee on Appropria­ has complete freed om of action. It does from $4QO,OOO,OO·o to $500,000,000 a tions in considering a substantial de­ not have to appropriate a nickel unless month. It is approaching the latter cline in price levels as against the price it wants to do so. I thoroughly agree rather than the former. There are levels prevailing November 30 last on the with the statement that the committee about 5 months to go, which would mean goods or imports required by the re­ report specifically recognizes that prin­ an expenditure of about $2,400,000,000. cipient countries. We also tried to em­ ciple, and by inference, at least, recog­ Mr. TAFT. I suggest the calculation phasize tb,e fact that we were reserv­ nizes it for other reasons besides the would be correct as of the end of Feb:­ ing the right to insist, at this time and reason affecting changes in prices-_ ruary. 3094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24 Mr. GREEN.· The lag is 4 or 5 months, gan, who has given me this opportunity are pending to recognize the gravity of and .that would make about $2,400,- to make a statement in the midst of this offense and to impose a punishment 000,000. There would be a total of National Wildlife Week concerning a· calculated to deter it. ,$5,000,000,000. very serious wildlife problem. APPOINTMENTS AND PROMOTIONS IN We should not use up all the money · Mr. President, 2 years ago the supply THE ARMED SERVICES which is needed for the lag because, as of ducks and geese had reached such an the Senator has said, there is a pipe line, alarmingly low stage that drastic curtail­ _ Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, as in to use his illustration. We have been ment was made in the length of season, executive session, I ask unanimous con­ feeding in at one end and drawing off bag, and possession limits. Duck hunters sent that numerous routine appoint­ from the other. Otherwise, we · would and conservationists generally were en­ ments and promotions in the Military have to stop and have to begin all over couraged to learn that the 1349 spring Establishment be confirmed and the again, and it is very important there census of the Fish and Wi:idlif e Service President immediately notified. These should be no interruption· in the amount indicated the 1948 supply of ducks and nominations come from the Committee we must use for supplying these goods geese was approximately 12 percent on Armed Services unanimously, as the to Europe. If there should be a serious larger. than for the previous year. acting Republican leader, the Senator interruption, 4 months, it would be far Reports I have just received from the from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL] more costly than the amount immedi­ head of the law-enforcement division of knows. No objections have been filed i~ ately involved in an arithmetical cal­ the Fish and Wildlife Service indicate, any of the cases, and for the most part culation. however, that unless steps are taken to they are in the lower promotional grades. Mr. CONNALLY. Mr. President, I stop current illegal shooting of these I know these young men would like to :vield the floor. birds it will not only wipe out the in­ have their promotions come through Mr. VANDENBERG obtained the floor. crease referred to but will so deplete the quickly. Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, brood stock returning to the nesting J'he PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. will the Senator yield to me so that I areas that the shortage next fall may be HOLLAND in the chair). Is there objec­ may suggest the absence of a quorum? the most critical in our history. tion to the request of the Senator from Mr. VANDENBERG. I yield for that The past season was characterized by Maryland? · The Chair' hears none, the purpose. the most flagrant violation of shooting nominations are confirmed en bloc, and Mr. SALTONSTALL. ·1 suggest the regulations in recent years. For ex­ the President will be notified forthwith. absence of a quorum. .ample, in a prosecution against three EXTENSION OF EUROPEAN RECOVERY The PRESIDING OFFICER. The men in California, one of the defend­ PROGRAM ants told agents another of the defend­ clerk will call the roll. The Senate resumed the ccnsideration The legislative clerk called the roll, ants had killed 50,000 ducks for him. All legal shooting in the United States ·of the bill second lieutenant, un­ Ruth Elva Breneman, N1328. Bernice Y. Deason, N316. der the provisions of section 506 of the om.ceJ,' Dorothy P. Briggs, Nl651. Kathryn Knapp DeBoard, N1042. Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Winifred M. Briggs, N992. Georgia D. De Frane. N701. Cong.): Aileen Elizabeth Brimmer, N291. Dorothy May DeHart, Nl312. Grace Delaney, N454. James L. Clark, 0450826. Mattie C. Britton, N845. Donna D. Bromerski, N658. Helen C. Deinbeck, N1222. Ernest M. Kelly, Jr., 0947405. Janet Lucile Demy, Nl355. Melvyn A. Sandler. Juanita M. Bronson, N299. Edith E. Brown, Nl052. Jewell Dennis, N1022. The following-named persons for appoint­ Faunetta Lucille Brown, Nl574. Jewell Derryberry, N214. ment in the Army Nurse Corps, Regular Army Margaret Ann Brown, N1034. Lucretia M. deSchweinitz, N464. of the United States, in the grade of second Marjorie T. Brown, N1269. Ada Wilson Desprez, N1556. lieutenant, under the provisions of Public Frances Lucia Bryant, N284. Helen T. Devine, N1078. taw 36, Eightieth Congress: Muriel Burchfield, N276. Grova-Nelle Dickson, N484. Kathryne I. Hudson, N797475. Lottie B. Burk, N405. Helen Frances Dietsche, N665. Olga Luckton, N794793. Menla Burke, N648. Rachel Emma Dillemuth, N1576. Margaret P. Phillips, N795112. Barbara P. Burnham, N487. Lois Rhodema Dimmerling, N983. IN THE ARMY Marguerite Marcia Burns, N613. Flora Jane Ditchfield, N1053. Grace I. Burrus, N317. Louise E. Dittmar, N272. APPOINTMENTS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Ethel Burton, N207. Helen Louise Doll, N210. The following-named oftlcers for appoint­ Vera N. Bush, N849. Lydia Miriam Domert, N901. ment, by transfer, 1n the Regular Army of Sara Christine Butts, N297. Rhoda E. Donahoe, N364. the United States without specification of Laura Pauline Byrne, N366. Dorothy M. Donahue, N621. branch, arm, or service: Virginia France:> Cahill, N711. Madelyn Florence Donnedy, Nl220. Capt. Francis John Kelly, 037505, Medical Elizabeth M. Cale, Nl046. Rose A. Donoghue, N877. Service Corps, United States Army • Lilah M. Cameron, N308. Doris Margaret Donovan, N870. Capt. Ernest Harry Wallace, 037552, Medi­ Violet Ruth Campbell, N222. Mary E. Donovan, N301. cal Service Corps, United States Army. Margaret H. Cannoles, N1211. Kathryn Mary Doody, N338. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY Peggy G. Carbaugh, N363. Annie May Dorset, N225. Martha Carle, N1575. Anna J. Dorsey, N223. The following-named om.cers for promo­ Helen Doviak, N900. tion in the Regular Army of the United Eva Lea M. Carter, N265. Dorothy Helene Cartwright, N654. Myrtie Drake, N837. States, under the provisions of section 107 Magdalene Drozd, N257. of the Army-Navy Nurses Act of 1947: Mary Anne Casserly, Nl572. Eleanor Cassidy, N328. Jane M. Duey, N1031. To be captains, Army Nurse Corps Mercedes A. CastUle, N1641. Clara M. Duley, N1637. Phyllis W. Adams, Nl019. Constance Genevieve Catalano, N1S72. Rita R. Dullsse, Nl334. Gertrude Florence Allen, N251. Jennie L. Caylor, Nl290. Mamie Dumas, N286. Katherine Virginia Allen, N282. Hazel Christine Chadwick, N1289. Hazel Bernard Duncan, Nl013. Rena L. Andersen, N984. Rebecca Chamberlin, ;N400. Elizabeth MacArthur Dunsmore, N1655. Edith Ansley, N724. Eva Elizabeth Cheeseman, N632. Colatine Dyas, Nl260. Rubye Wilkes Archer, Nl634. Christine Marie Chesnik, N1196. Dorcas Elizabeth Easterling, Nl639. Leona Arend, N871. Katherine Elizabeth Chickering, N1544. Hilda Reber Echols, N883. Audray E. Arnold, Nl084. Grace H. Chism, N706. Sammye Edenfield, N740. Nelna M. Arp, Nl051. Annabel M. Christiansen, N596. Claire Patricia Egan, N395. Agnes M. Arrington, Nl326. Bessie Carlotta Christie, N622. Evelyn Carin Ekstrom, N1714. Elizabeth Artz, N264. Ruth E. Church, N455. Virginia Monica Elder, Nl 718. Lillian Vaughn Avery, N1037. Jeannette Churchill, Nl336. Lilyan M. Emmons, N824. Caroline E. Avila, N846. Alta Ruth Clark, N670. Ruth Lake Engle, N737. Mary Celestine Axmann, N478. Leota H. Clark, N1227. Anna M. Evans, Nl371. Alberta Mary Bachman, N841. Mary Elizabeth Clark, N1295. Bessie Facuna, N342. Agnes Bacior, Nl530. Mary S. Clark, Nl213. Anna Elizabeth Fairley, Nl304. Rosalie Bacior, N229. Mildred Irene Clark, N608. Gaeda N. Falcone, N838. Mary Edna Baggett, N413. Margaret Geneva Clarke, N745. Eleanor H. Faulk, N458. Rosalie F. Ballen, N646. Barbara Allen Clymer, N409. Nellie Irene Feagans, N1547. Doris Lillian Bailey, N1246. Louise M. Coard, N1577. Mary Fedor, NlOOO. Louise Bainbridge, N192. Mary Margaret Coffey, N868. Daria Fedoronko, N666. Julia Whitette Baker, Nl043. Dorothy Ellen Coleman, N725. Wanda Irene Fill, Nl238. Adele Margaret Ball, Nl199. Christine Coletti, Nl642. Ruth A. Fisher, N350. Katherine Ball, N358. Betty Lorraine Colyer, N1206. Edythe M. Fleck, N1291. Katherine E. Baltz, N688. Florence Barbara Combs, N345. Margaret H. Flook, N702. Wilma R. Barney, N1363. Florence Therese Connell, N337. Mary M. Foley, Nl054. Frances M. Barrett, N730. Rita V. Conners, N980. Dolores Ann Foltz, N682. Anne ~-. Batho, N1075. Margaret Elizabeth Connor, N387. Hallie Eloise Fondren, N277. 3104 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24

Virginia Ellen Foor, N735. Elizabeth ~uth Horne, Nl277. Viola H. Laurie._. N435. Anne R. Foster, N655. Margaret Kunst Ho~ey, N615. Mildred Margaret LaVelle, N360. Marguerite Wilson Foster, N1248. Bettie E. Hosick, N1086. Caryl Ruth Lawrence, N1242. Edith H. Fowler, N1663. Otelia Alvena Hovland, N717. Frances I. Lay, N290. Lucille I. Fowler, N633. Matilda Howard, N1368. Lonnette M. Lee, N636. Mildred L. Fraser, N624. Ann Elizabeth Howell, N985. Helena M. Leland, N874. Irma J. French, N1009, Vivian Howell, N1330. Adeline H . Lenz, N625. Marie Emma Frese, N200. Frances Lucile Hubbard, N396. Ann M. Leonard, N683. Irene Frey, N603. June Lucille Hudson, N1297. Marcia Marie Lessard, Nl079. Mildred L. Fuller, N635. Maude A. Hudson, N233. Iva D. Lewis, N1083. Miriam E. Fuller, Nl202. Margaret E. Huitt, N863, Grace Marie Liebig, N827. Jeanne There:;a Fullerton, N674. Agnes T. Hulme, N1258. Elsie M. Lien, N630. Ruth Elizabeth Fussell, N1318. Fay J. Hutton, N335. Beata Margaret Lieske, N361. Marie C. Gaddis, N383. Ann T. Hyland, N469. Lulu Marguerite Lines, N1219. Mabel Galvin, N266. Marguerite Duggan Imhof, N1666. Edna J. Linn, N323. Helen Marguerite Garrison, N221. Lucy Mary Infosino, N861. Irene Lilonais, N1217. Edythe c: Garst, N1069. Alberta T. Ingram, N391. Laura Belle Little, N1636. Margaret Louise Gattis, N1245. Lemma Ingram, N698. Wealthy F. Litton, N438. Sara Jane Gephart, N1259. Sallie H. Ingram, Nl302. Alice Genevieve Heil Lloyd, N1068. Lois Alma Giebler, N1076. Jane Victoria Isler, N1578. Josephine A. Locicero, N1296. Nancy Gertrude Gillahan, N611. Velma V. Jablunovsky, N471. Marie Lois Lockhart, N295. Marjorie G. Gillard, N991. Florence S. Jacobs, N1306. Esther Marcella Lockwood, N1281. Virginia Mae Gillespie, N1551. Margaret Luceille Jacobson, N1346. Martha Eleanor Lohman, N1325. Katherine Smith Gillies, Nl270. Cecilia Pearl Jamula, N485. Agnes Bernadette Lohrmann, N1329. Sheila Mary Gillman, N1256. Bertha Kay Janas, N481. Imelda Helen Lohrmann, N1254. Elsie Clise Gilmore, N390. Angeline P. Jankoviak, N996. Lorette L. Lokuta, N259. Pauline H. Girard, N218. Harriet J. Jayne, N708. Mamie Vera Loman, Nl014. Lillian Rita Godek, N892. Kazmiera Augustyniak Jeffer, N313. Helen T. Lonchar, N1012. Rena Mae Godwin, N244. Alice C. Jeffreys, Nl229. . Esther Maude Long, Nl98. Louise Barbara Gondek, N995. Leda Elizabeth Jelinek, N437. Verta Ruth Long, Nl660. Melrose C. Goodson, N703. Emilie K. Jensen, N60. Dorothy La Rue Looby, N893. Joyce Goodwin, N1284. Bernice C. Johnsen, N193. Floy Leora Looper, N744. Katherine Gorinski, N884. Dorothy M. Johnson, N270. Lela Mae Lovelace, N1311. Eleanor Mary Gorman, N1243. Nancy Ann Johnson, N705. Hazel J. Lovett, N1331. Edith Anita Graham, N269. Jennie E. Jones, Nl007. Elizabeth Conradetta Mahoney, N1665. Rita Catherine Graham, N721. Mary C. Jordon, N987. Mildred M. Malarick, N902. Lois K. Grant, N829. Florence Elizabeth Judd, N232. Agnes C. Malerba, N1036. Barbara Anne Grass, N369. Katherine Rose Jump, N431. Louise Margaret Malone, N1538. Ann Evelyn Grazin, N878. Margaret Ann Kabana, N1661. Doris, Maness, N408. Patricia Greenan, N1323. Evelyn Agnes Kackman, N343. Helen T. Marcinkoski, N854. Ina M. Greene, N822. Angie Clarissa Kammeraad, Nl529. Angelena I. Mariano, Nl324. Helen Marion Martin,_ Nl343. Ruth Lucille Greenfield, N873. Mildred C. Katich, N1357. Lorraine Helen Martin, N351. Jeannette Delia Grenon, N1002. Marie Agnes Keating, N671. Mary L. Martin, N449. Pauline W. Grier, N283. Virginia Heenan Kegerrels, N982. Marian E. Martini, N208. Cat herine Regina Grogan, N1315. Lelia May Kehoe, Nl349. Louise Marie Mateer, N472. Emma Caroline Groh, N1298. Josephine J. Kelley, N607. Mary Jane Mathis, N686. Hortense Sophia Groh, N256. Bertha I. Kellogg, N428. Ann Maysarros, N612. Revella Guest, N195. Eva L. Kelly, N859. Blanche M. McAndrews, N63. Estella M. Guilliams, N380. Evelyn Aleda Kelly, N311. May H. Gunsten, N1087. Ruth Scofield :McBurnie, N1646. Leila Kemp, N379. Anna Mae McCabe, N905. Marth'.1. C. Habib, N332. Violet Louise Keniston, N459. Anna M. Hackett, N62. Ruby Edwina McCain, N252. Josephine Carmelita T~ennedy, N279. Kathryn J. Mccann, N1370. Louise M. Hackfort, Nl89. Genie Key, Ni143. Kate Annie Haenisch, N609. Genevieve M. McCartney, N1006. Mary C. Kin, N406. Dorothea Meyer McCarty, N1218. Geraldine Corrinne Haglund, N262. Elizabeth Erwin King, N1557. Lucy E. Hall, N741. Iola Ruth McClellan, N278. Helen W. King, N300. Shirley M. McCorquodale, N331. Sara Caroline Hall, N619. Mary L. King, N321. Ruby M. Hammond, N491. Margaret Mary McCray, N433. Ruby Lorraine Kinnaird, N231. Martha Anita McFadden, N402. Cecelia Louise Hanson, N637. Lois Fern Kinnison, N245. Mabel Oles Hardman, N853. Agnes B. McGann, N1279. Kathryn M. Kirkhoff, N382. Sadie Lee McGibboney, N322. Cleo S. Harrod, N1339. Marie Louise Kirman, N719. Willie Ellis Hart, N1320. Barbara R. McGill, N445. Cecelia L. Kirschling, N1062. Mary A. McGill, N393. Mary Elizabeth Hartley, N1375. Eleanor Ann Klensch, Nl283. Lulu Juanita Hartman, Nl 724. Marguerite Marie McGrath, N298. Helen S. Kloss, Nl197. Eleanore Mcintyre, N1276. Nora Catherine Haselmire N643. Esther Marie Knoedler, Nl 720. Mary Catherine McNamara, N979. Sally Campbell Hayes, N1231. Gladys Nelms Knowles, N1342. Margaret Jane McNulty, N477. Margith Heide, N1293. Alma C. Koehler, N1008. Ruth Vivienne McPherson, N966. Helmi Heikkila, N989. Lillian Smith Koontz, N999. Marian R. McQuiston, N1567. Helen Marie Heinrich, N203. Julia E . Koszalka, N1562. Mary C. Meagher, N904. Alma Elizabeth Heintzelman, N821. Ethel Rose Kovach, Nl322. Avis Octavia Meeks, N59. Izabella C. Helhoski, N852. Elaine Agnes Kowalski, N652. Helen Griffin Meikle, N348. Dorothy Ann Helwig, N1226. Idelle Dorothea Kraft, Nl056. Mary V. Menold, Nl209. Nellie L. Henley, N486. Dorothy E. Kraftschenk, N287. Edith M. Mercer, N275. Helen Mary Hennessey, N261. Sylvia M. Kronemeyer, N461. Rose Mary Merhar, N678. Elma Eleanor Hennies, N401. Josephine Minerva Krumanocker, N1045. Elizabeth Theda Merscher N349. Jonike Ellis Henry, N1065. Lucile Krumperman, Nl338. Marjorie Meszar, N675. Jane Elizabeth Herrin, N303. Helen M. P. Krystopik, N689. Dorothy Louise Meyer, N234. Sue Isabelle Hester, N442. Blanche Frances Kuchar, N1224. Eleanor R. Meyer, N899. Phyllis Jane Hocking, N1347. Rose Kudletz, N1560. Irene Elizabeth Micklick, N388. Marynell Ann Hoefs, N1579. Ruth Rose Kuhlmann, Nl539. Florence Joan Mikowski, N1340. Ann Ellen Hogan, N1201. Julia E. Kuntz, N733. Agnes L. Miller, Nl 713. Estaiene L. Holloway, N450. Katherine Rose Kurutz, N1274. Kathleen Frances Miller, N1253. Mary Magdelen Holly, N720. Isabelle A. Kuskowski, N653. Ma.e Elizabeth Miller, Nl374. Sarah Blanche Holmes, N421. Blanche M. Kutter, N230. Annie Mary Mills, N483. Bernice Elizabeth Holsinger, N1275. Marjorie W. Kydd, N324. Margaret Albina Minckler, N825. Eugenia Louise Holzknecht, N419. Phyllis M. Laconte, N474. Florence Zilphia Miner, N672. Hallie E. Hoover, N398. Mary Martha Laggan, N1028. Marjorie Mirkin, N216. Helen C. Hooverson, N1377. Cecelia Sweeney Lakemeyer, N1059. Mary A. Moles, N1300. Hettie Ava Hopkins, Nl063. Mildred Irene Lamar, N597. Christine Moore, N895. ,Janet E. Hopkins, N736. Helen May Landis, N1299. Gladys Moore, N~39 . l\1argaret Lucyle Hornberger, N1307. Stella Sylak Lapitsky, N3'75. Lillian Elizabeth :M:oore, F314. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3105 Esther Josephine Moran, Nl359. Ruby Ellen Pritchard, N690. Mildred Elizabeth Smith, N247. Dorothy Beatrice Morgan, N1566. Cunegundes J. Przybilla, N457, Milly E. Smith, Nl016. Elsie Morgan, N488. Grace Kathryn Puppe!, N692 •. Ruth Georgiana Smith, N1251. Mary Sue Morris, N346. Doris Marie Quinn, N381. Myrna Alberta Snyder, N847. Helen E. Morrison, N305. Lula Mae Ragsdale, N687. Agnes Cecelia Sokol, N241. Ida Belle Morrison, N1327. Jea:'l Christine Rancoilta, N253. Anna Margaret SOiberg, N1341. Mary Frances Morse, N860. Berneice B. A. Rappath, N470. Jessie A. Sorrells, N600. Velma L. Mount, N828. Eleanor R. Reed, N598. Frances Almira Soule, N1550. Kathryn Virginia Murphy, Nl02G. Katherine Clara Reed, N190. Mary Francis Spisak, Nl066. Dorothy Helen Murray, N1294. Olie Betty Reed, Nl 723. Venice Spendlove, N1345. Gladys M. Nash, N1561. Ann Reeves, N974. Irina Stahovich, N833. Sarah Lucille Neal, N1532. Eileen W. Reichert, N699. Grace Hamel Stakeman, N205. Madeline L. Nearhood, N856. Mary Jean Reppak, N273. Ruth Mary Stallard, N1082. Nadine A. Neisig, Nl 711. Ellen Marie Respini, N1305. Amelia Stark, N656. Edna M. Nelson, N604. Marguerite C. Reutenauer, N206. Anne Brown Steele, N728. Helen Adeline Nelson, N836. Julianne M. Rheaume, N1553. Mary F. Steuart, N274. Dorothy M. Newcomb, N249. Antoinette Maryanna Ricci, N664. Ursula Laverne Stievenart, N260. Nelly Newell, N885. Bertha Deen Richardson, Nl208. Helena M. Stoffregen, N880. Rowena Helen Newell, N1212. Helen Virginia Richardson, N407. Pauline Stokes, N1319. Mary Elizabeth Newman, N975. Edith Virginia Richman, N376. Carrie Pauline Stout, N889. Pearl G. Nicolls, N191. Della Pauline Riley, N660. Harriet Atherholt Stover, N238. Evelyn Joyce Niles, N1656. Mabel Luella Rime, N1533. Sarah Carolyn Stradley, N1233, Charlotte Loretta Nolan, N1351. Catherine M. Riney, Nl262. Kathryne Cecilia Stuwe, N296. Norma Barbara Nordstrom, N718. Lorraine Marie Ripps, N631. Harriet Catharine Styer, N668. Alma M. Nyberg, N1552. A. Inez Robinette, N453. Dora F. Large Sullivan, N1650. Walburga Genevieve Nyez, N1236. Pauline Robinson, N1261. Alice Helen Svedirsky, N876. Evelyn M. Oberkirch, N479. Ruth Margaret Robinson, N1558. Alice 0. Swenson, Nl96. Marguerite A. Oberson, N623. Elizabeth Ella Rode, N1070. Ruth W. Sylvester, Nl004. Mary L. O'Brien, Nl653. Charlotte Rita Rodeman, N601. Virginia Theresa Szyper, Nl032. Maureen Patricia O'Dwyer, N425. Florence Jones Rodenboh, N723. Nellie Theresa Tamalonis, Nl569. Mae Evangeline Olson, N1049. Luella Rodenburg, N340. Martha Jane Taranta, N1564. Frances F. Olszowy, N1061. Agnes C. Roesle, N389. Bernice Vivian Taylor, Nl333. Evelyn R. Ordway, N1194. Theda W. Rogers, N444. Ruth P. Taylor, N302. Margaret Louise Ormand, Nll92. Geraldine Rollins, N452. Madge M. Teague, N201. Naomi Imogene Osborne, Nl225. Mary Mae Rollins, N1207. Eva Mae Tembrock, N739. Gertrude Mary Ostmann, N881. Eleanor Frances Romanofski, N650. Mary Sue Templeton, N998. ,Esta Cleo Ott, N1337. Nina Marie Romeo, N1633. Mollie Agnes Tewell, N333. ~ora J. Pace, N1050. Edna Earle Ross, N194. Jean Delores Tewksbury, N236. !1arion J. Pace, N1640. Rita V. Rourke, N677. Margaret K. Thatcher, N973. Alma M. Paetzold, N886. Anna Rozycki, N835. Catherine M. Thompson, N981, Margaret H. Paetzold, N844. Margaret K. Rucker, Nl534. Ida M. Thompson, N373. Philomena A. Pagano, N354. Dorothy L. Rundle, Nl361. Joyce Anita Thornton, N267. Frances Palm, N213. Evelyn Louise Russell, N661. Frances P. Thorp, N61. Margaret T. Paolilli, N1272. Phyllis Ryan, N869. Elizabeth Jane Thurness, N436. Edna M. Parker, N271 Ramona Mary Saar, N446. Evelyn F. Tinkle, N199. Jean L. Parks, N377. Helen May Salisbury, N978. Virginia L. Titus, N616. Josephine C. Parrish, N319. Wilma K. Sandberg, N248. Mary Cecelia Tkacik, N1659. Margaret E. Parsons, Nl058. Helen Fickes Sanderson, N220. Mary Isabelle Tobey, N1039. Alice Shepherd Patterson, N1350. Beatrice J. Sarrokie, N894. Mary Lyle Todd, N1649. Evelyn M. Patterson, N339. Juanita H. Scalf, Nl352. Katherine J. Tolen, N1048. Mary A. Patterson, N679. Anna K. Schelper, N414. Margaret Emily Tollefson, N329. Catherine G. Paul, N1040. Elma G. Scheuer, N602. Mary P. Toudouze. N467. Macie Eunice Paul, N187. Laura Bertha Schild, N1652. Annie Townsley, Nl193. Phoebe Madge Paul, N353. Leora Lillian Schmidt, N832. Estelle Marian Travers, N314. Isabel Satterfield Paulson, N1376. Helen J. Schnader, N834. Ruth Evelyn Tregea, N304. Irene.Mary Pawlowski, Nl288. Elizabeth V. Schnebly, N399. Florence T. Trombly, N695. Mildred Mary Peace, Nl214. Mary Margaret Schultz, N1266. Helen Lucille Tucker, N1228. L. Isabelle Peacock, N831. Foy Mozelle Scott, N306. Lois Lucille Turnbull, N1531. Augusta K. Peake, N820. Frances Elizabeth Scott, N415. Mildred Parish Turton, N250. _Florence Mary Pecora, N359. Frances Marion Scott, N710. Anne A. Tyler, N263. _ Ava L. Peene, N663. Lucile Augusta Seaman, N1546. Otillia Magdelane Ulrich, N896. Lydia J. Peerey, N628. Bernice Margaret Sebelien, N242. Marian E. Vanderbrook, N888. Barbara Hazel Pensinger, N422. Majorie E. Seekins, N431. Janice Olive Van Rees, N726. Hazel Percival, N696. Gertrude C. Seibert, N255. Lera V. Via, N712. Janie Louise Perkins, N1035. Azile Self, N228. Doris Winona Viedt, N731. Sally M. Perkins, N412. Berneda A. Serfass, N729. Mary T. Votava, N448. Elizabeth A. Pesut, N258. Helen M. Seroczynski, N606. Joella Wallace, N355. Mollie Anna Petersen, N64. Alice M. Service, NlOOl. Althea M. ward, N722. Pauline Frederick Peterson, N330. Virginia Mary Sessoms, N293. Mary A. ward, N429. Margaret Elizabeth Pettibone, N1643. Ruth F. Shadewaldt, N673. Mary Hulda Waters, N839. Edna L. Pharris, Nl 712. · Mildred M. Shaner, N1195. Clara K. Watry, N700. Helen Arline Pieper, N638. Elizabeth E. Shepherd, N204. Lelia H. Watson, N460. Mary Elizabeth Pierce, Nl 726. Vivian M. Shepherd, N626. Ruth Viola Watson, N416. Miriam Reynolds Pierce, N857. Mary R. Sheppard, N423. Kathleen Waugh, N292. Mary E. Pilchard, N1555. Helen Merle Shivers, N418. Gertrude B. Waymoth, Nl255. Gladys Hay Pinckney, N864. Regina Mary Sieleni, N397. Betty Jeanette Weddell, N326. MargarettaBurton Pinneo, N716. Emily Frailey Siemasko, N1292. Alice E. Weinstein, N976. Flora V. Pittman, N367. Itaska Simmons, N420. Stephanie Wekluk, Nl074. Julia R. Pollack, N1571. Martha A. Simpkins, N1265. Nell O. Welborne, N1360. Norma M. Pollo, N659. Geneva Fern Sims, N1662. Marcella Wenderott, Nl548. Sarah M. Pollock, N28l. Blanche Irene Sipple, N1204. Irene Minnie Wendt, N1024. Vivian R. Pool, N427. Eileen Ada Sisson, N713. Harriet H. Werley, N1241. Martha Lucille ·Poole, N977. Ruth Catherine Sitzmann, N819. Ida Belle Aaron Werner, Nl303. Helen Porter, N990. Sophia CathrY,n Skiba, N411. Irene Wertenberger, N468. Reber L. Posey, N1067. Alice Louise Skinner, N667. Martha Maria West, Nl230. Katherine M. Powell, N344. Etna E. Skipper, N647. Tannie Elaine Westmoreland, N1716. Ethelyn Mcintosh Preecs, N356. Alpharetta Elizabeth Slaats, N684. Alta White, N1365. Alice Margery Pressler, N704. Eleanor Mae Slade, N1638. Geraldine Whitehurst, N336. Gladys E. Prestwood, N426. Emma Rouphina Smart, N224. Dorothy E. Whitsell, N289. Margaret M. Price, N294. Elma Catherine Smith, N657. Virginia M. Wickensheimer, N372. Lillian Frances Priddy, Nl044. Frances K ..Smith, N1271. Irene Wiley, N1080. Josephine A. Pritchard, N855. Mary Irene Smith, N1005. Agnes Lay Williams, N1239. 3106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24

Irma F. Williams, N830. Henry J. Healy Roger C. Rowse Charles Dwelle Daniel, 015668. Juanita H. Williams, N1541. Clarence A. Burmister George A. Nelson Clarence Keith Darling, 015645. Kathryn Hazel Williams, N307. George R. Shelton Francis Marion Day, 015614. Sarah Lynn Williford, N1310. To be commanders, effective September 1, Reginald Langworthy Dean, 015507. Margaret Loane Willis, N212. 1949 Kenneth Negley Decker, 015789. Gladys H. Wilson, N1249. Oswaldo de la Rosa, 015774. Lucille Alice Wilson, N394. Wilbur R. Porter Lawrence Russell Dewey, 015575. Helen M. Wiltzius, N707. Percy L. Bernstein Wolcott Kent Dudley, 015799. Mildred L. Windbiel, N727. To be commander, effective October 1, 1949 Augustine Davis Dugan, 015610. Alice Ronald Wink, N858. Charles A. Schanck George Emmert Elliott, 015858. Ann M. Witczak, N610. Eugene Barber Ely, 015565. Ethel Emily wood, N887. To be commanders, effective November 1, David Griffith Erskine, 015766. Dorothy Agnes Wolfe, N1654. 1949 William John Eyerly, 015628. Fleeta Orman Worthington, N1237. Joseph P. Lushene Edward Hern Farr, 039501. Paula Crowe Wright, N1554. James D. Thurmond Samuel Henry Fisher, 015835. Gertrude E. Wuerdinger, N385. Walter J. Chovan Ovid Thomason Forman, 015590. Mary v. Wyatt, N620. Louis Chadwick Friedersdorff, 015732. To be commanders, effective December 23, Andrew Allison Frierson, 015587. Doris M. Yeasted, N235. 1949 Mildred Lucille Yonce, N867. Bjarne Furuholmen, 015725. Eunice Florence Young, N22G. Curtis LeFever Edwin C. Baum Harold Phineas Gard, 015585. Mary Mollie Younger, N288. Henry 0. Fortin Lawrence W. Swanson Philip Robison Garges, 015509. Nellie J. Zalesney, N1536. Gilbert R. Fish X Gerald Goodwin Gibbs, 015637. Anne M. Zizon, N1221. To be lieutenants, effective August 9, 1949 Francis Edwin Gillette, 015693. Ralph Irvin Glasgow, 015576. Blanche Edwarda Zukowski, N714. Marvin T. Paulson Victor Zalamea Gomez, 014876. V. Ralph Sobieralski To be major, Women's Medical Specialist John Boyden Goodell, 028771. Corps To bz lieutenant, effective October 24, 1949 Sanford Joseph Goodman, 015625. Ruth A. Robinson, J45. Lorne G. Taylor Lynell Frank Gordon, 028769. Francis John Graling, 015826. To be captains, Women's Medical Specialist To be lieutenants, effective December 24, 1949 Corps Rupert Davidson Graves, 015794. John 0. Boyer Peter ·conover Hains 3d, 015657. Roberta E. Aber, J4. Wilbert M. Hellman Sarratt Thaddeus Hames, 015845. Et~el Lisenby Barnes, R10088. Emerson E. Jones Adna Chaffee Hamilton, 012480. Catherine Marie Bender, M10024. Stephen Smith Hamilton, 01E934. Mary Lener Ben Dure, Ml0008. ARMY o;r THE UNITED STATE3 Donald Quitman Harris, 015007. Margaret Pauline Bettinger, J36. TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS Paul Americus Harris, 014624. Martha Magruder Boger, M10'062. Col. James Lowe Harbaugh, Jr., 012339, Edwin Henry Harrison, 015573. Ruth Wesley Bradley, Ml0021. Judge Advocate General's Corps, for tempo­ Martin Franl{ Hass, 015889. Belle Kaplitz Cohen, Ml0059. rary appointment as brigadier general. Wa.Uace Howard Hastings, 015498. Kathleen Ruth Creech, R10096. APPOINTMENT, BY TRANSFER, IN THE JUDGE Daniel Francis Healy, Jr., 015742. Doris J. Crouser, J37. Frederic Allison Henney, 015531. Elizabeth Mary Dean, Rl0075. ADVOCATE GENERAL'S CORPS, REG"'.JLAR ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES Donald Charles Hill, 015504. Isabelle Delaney, R10044. John Gillespie Hill, 015797. Marion May Donaldson, R10076. Maj. William George Easton, 020656. John Ismert H1rrcke, 015539. Gladys Thompson Edwards, Rl0017. Maj. Tom Bryson Hembree, 029789. Walker Wesley Holler, 015905. Mabel M. Eisele, Jl. PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE James Frederick Howell, Jr., 015625. Ruth Wilhelmina Ellinger, Ml0025. UNITED STATES Daniel Harrison· Hundley, 015862. Emily Fairbanks, Ml0009. Cary Brown Hutchinson, 015644. Lois Maxine Forsythe, R10039. The following-named officers for promo­ tion in the Regular Army of the United Wynot Rush Irish, 011227. Elizabeth Fowler. Ml0077. Emerson Charles Itschner, 015516. Virginia Lois Frost, Ml0022. States, under the provisions of sections 502 and 510 of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947. XWashington Mackey Ives, Jr., 0156S6. Evelyn Marie Girard, R10041. Thomas Allen Jennings, 015793. Ada Elizabeth Gray, M10023. (Names preceded by the symbol ( X) are subject to examination required by law.) Howard Jehu John, 015802. Merle Moreen Hall, Rl0013. Leonard Marion Johnson, 015921. Thelma Alta Harmon, R10092. To be colonels lhrold Dean Jones, 028772. Grace McNee Heltman, Ml0041. Stephen Wilson Ackerman, 015708. William Henry Kendall 015714. Vivian Toolan Hicks, RlOOll. Thomas Harrison Allen, 015865. Howard Ker, 015518. Edith Marie Hobson, R10042. .James Grafton Anding, 015677. Howard Everett Kessinger, 015692. Nancy Louise Huston, R10015. Charles Francis Baish, 09309. Francis, Elmer Kidwell, 015563. Katherine Elizabeth Manchester, Rl0016. XRussell Andrew Baker, 015745. Cary Judson King, Jr., 015574. Kathryn Maurice, J38. George Huston Bare, A12957. Edward Arthur Kleinman, 015003. Myra L. McDaniel, Jl3. Raymond Clay Barlow, 012379. Ralph Arthur Koch, 015830. Elsie Kathleen Miller, Rl0043. Oliver Malcolm Barton, 015724. Stephen Stanley Koszewski, 015G54. Alyce G. Milne, J58. Clarence William Bennett, 015518. James B s,rry Kraft, 015800. Su3 Winifred Moore, R10009. Logan Carroll Berry, 015752. Charles Raeburne Landon, 015592. Mary A. Reilly, J14. William Harry Bertsch, Jr., 015759. Philip Stueler Lauben, 039500. Velma Lee Richardson, Rl0014. Raymond Thomas Beurket, 015543. Ernest Orrin Lee, 015517. Corrine Carolyn Rizzo, Ml0043. Bruce Woodward Bidwell, 015552. Amel Thomas Leonard, 015550. Savlnah Shockey, MlOC42. Leonard Lawrence Bingham, 015534. Willard Koehler Liebel, 015723. Carolyn Edith Smith, Rl0089. Wendell Blanchard, 015528. Russell Layton Mabie, 015626. Dorothy Louise Swartz, Rl0008. George Louis Boyle, OE862. William Henry Maglln, 015812. Margaret Joan Thornton, Rl0077. Perry William Brown, 015649. Howard Alexander Malin, 015821. Alma Shaw Wainwright, Rl0046. Harold Albert Buck, 039502. X Darwin Denison Martin. 015678. Walter Allen Buck, 015665. Murry John Martin, 028775. CONFIRMATIONS XVonna Fernleigh Burger, 015667. Earl Mattice, 015602. George Raymond Burgess, 012311. Robert Joseph McBride, 015756. Executive nominations confirmed by Henry Coates Burgess, 015778. John Alfr~d Mccomsey, 015f87. the Senate Match 24 1. Elliott B. Roberts Leo C. Wilder Raymond Hendley Coombs, 015561. Charles George ·Meehan, 015545. Paul Cooper, 015748. Claron Wager Meldrum, 041365. To be commanders, effective M arch 1, 1949 William Leo Coughlin, 015776. Ernest August Merkle, 015597. John Bowie, Jr. Leonard C. Johnson Malin Craig, Jr., 015908. Banjamin Schultz Mesick, 015505. William F. Malnate Francis B. Quinn George Dakin Crosby, 015512. George Alvin Millener, 015740. Ira T. Sanders J" ohn H. Brittain Daniel Bernard Cullinane, 08C61. Virgil Rasmuss Mlller, 015847. Edward R. McCarthy E::nil H. Kirsch Emerson Leroy Cummings, 015500. Richard Tonli:in Mitchell, 015833. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 3107 Dennis Miltcn Moore, 015836. Victor Allen Byrnes, 018303. Dean, Louis Jefferson, A056701. Zachery Winfield Moores, 015647. Walter Atwater Carlson, 018266. Ellis, Max Eugene, A056700. David Albert Morris, 014666. Thomas William Ellsworth Christmas, *Gibson, Ralph Duane, A050533. Allen Milton Murphy, 028764. 016935 . Grossmiller, William John, A056720. Hobart Amory Murphy, 0 15811. Harold Eastman Coder, 018302. Heringlake, Charles Wayne, A050534. Humbert Orazio Nelli, 038586. Samuel Leonard Cooke, 018301. Hunter, Cedric Vernon, A056705. Daniel Peter Norman, 0154.67. Henry William Daine, 017804. *Hurn, James Lee, A056708. George Wesley Palmer, 015593. Elbert Decoursey, 017813. Immig, Richard Graham, A050538. Emil Pasolli, Jr., 028777. Robart Reeve Estill, 017836. Jewell, Harold Roger, A056710. Emil John Peterson, 015523. James Hedges Forsee, 018265. Jones, Arthur Meriwether, A056703. Paul Albert Pickhardt, 015772. James Donley Gardner, 018280. Joseph, Adolph Davis, Jr., A056713. Nunez Christian Pilet, 015931. X Leon Lloyd Gardner, 016016. Kult, Milton Louis, A038529. Richard Givens Prather, 0 15698. Robert Cabaniss Gaskill, 018275. •Lindeman, Jack Ray, A056723. Carl William Albert Raguse, 015598. William Smith George, 018304. Mackie, John Victor, A056712. Arthur Cecil Ramsey, 015497. Howland Allan Gibson, 015496. MacKinnon, Robert Louis, A039484. John Wesley Ramsey, Jr., 015824. Paul Crump Gilliland, 017430. Messmer, Eugene John, A056704. Joris Bliss Rasbach, 015918. Hu3h Richmond Gilmore, Jr., 016555. *Mutch, Alex Young, A056709. William Joseph Reardon, 015631. Carlton Duncan Goodiel, 016951. O'Neil, Earl William, Jr., A041358. Augustus Jerome Regnier, 015720. Alexander Otis Haff, 018260. Shackelford, Dave Seale, Jr., A056721. John Held Riepe, 015515. Clarence Woodson Hardy, 017835. Thomas, Rex 0 ., A056707. Thomas Du Val Roberts, 015529. Gilles Edward Horrocks, 017428. Weatherford, Ross Holmes, Jr., A050535. Raymond Rodney Robins, 015866. George Horsfall, 017827. (NOTE.-The officers nominated for promo- Gordon Byrom Rogers, 015620. John Alexander .Isherwood, 018297. tion to f..rst lieutenant will complete the re­ Clarence Everett Rothgeb, 015612. Milford T. Kubin, 018278. quired 3 years' service for promotion during Chester Archibald Rowland, 015924. Dwight Moody Kuhns, 018294. the months of April and May. Dates of rank Charles Harold Royce, 015769. Robert Edward Lee, 017796. for those officers will be determined by the Wellington Alexander S':lmouce, 015562. Charles Laurn Leedham, 017838.' Secretary of the Air Force.) Peter Sather, Jr., 015867. George Edward Leone, 018287. IN THE NAVY \Vi.lliam Herbert Schaefer, 015616. Russell Samuel Leone, 018293. Jean Dorbant Scott, 015885. David Ernest Liston, 017820. To be ensigns in the Navy from June 3, 1949 Charles Edward Sheph~rd, 015904. Emmett Bryan Litteral, 018281. John Abbott Walter N. Haupt Joseph Peter Shumate, 015537. Austin Lowrey, Jr., 018282. Richard R. Allman James R. ·Hoffman Peter Wesley Shunk, 015622. Harold Bradley Luscombe, 018298. Arthur H. Barie John :E. Huesgen Cleland Charles Sibley, 015671. Clinton Stone Lyter, 018291. William H. Barry Albert N. Into, Jr. Leslie Earl Simon, 015567. Lawrence Abraham Matternes, 018295. Frank C. Bona~inga Don M. Isberner Douglas Byron Smith, 015699. Olin Foster Mcilnay, 017829. Kenneth C. Bonine Ralph A. Jenkins John Clair Smith, 015656. Charles Scott Mudgett, 017815. Waldo L. Born Jack E. Keller Mark Edward Smith, Jr., 015796. Roary Adlai Murchison, 017808. Walter L. Brown Francis J. Klinker Samuel Waynne Smithers, 015829. Hubert Maurice Nicholson, 015493. William L. Burg~ss, Jr. Malcolm R. Mccann Lewis Stone Sorley, Jr., 012483. Dan Clark Ogle, 018276. Edward J . Cosgriff, Jr. Dwight A. Mahaffy Merrow Egerton Sorley, 015508. Thomas Neilson Page, 018300. Robert E. Dobelstien John E. Marshall Charles Rexford Stark, 028773. Nuel Pazdral, 018285. Orion J. Dussia Ernest L. Masson, Jr. Albert Kellogg Stebbins, Jr., 015695. Walter Lee Peterson, 018292. George Dzamka Victor E. Menefee, Jr. Richard Warburton Stephens, 015569. Robert Edwin Peyton, 018263. Robert ·n. Fero, Jr. William H. Mero Vernum Charles Stevens, 015526. - X John Edward Pluenneke, 018279. Bruce D. Fraites James R. Messner Marcus Butler Stokes, Jr., 015613. Roger Gaylord Prentiss, Jr., 017825. Bernard E. Goehring Raleigh Miller, Jr. Kenneth Crawford Strother, 015738. Crawford Fountain Sams, 018261. William L. Hall Charles P. Moore Albert Newton Stubblebine, Jr., €>15768. Harold Edward Schneider, 017828. Arthur D. Hamilton Donald F. Munday Charles Pelot Summerall, Jr., 015726. Jack William Schwartz, 017823. Kennard R. Hamilton Leo A. Regan Henry Ignatius Szymanski, 028754. Albert Henry Schwichtenberg, 018288. Evan C. Harris · Fremont Swift Tandy, 015521. Warren Mimms Scott, 017360. To be ensigns in the Navy from June 3, 1949 Clement Franklin St. John, 018258 . . H arry Jordan Theis, 015549. John H. Carroll, Jr. Robert A. Lewis William Spencer Stone, 018277. Frank J ay Thompson, 015609. C.Qarles W. Cates Charles E. Swingle Arthur Lyman Streeter, 018296. Jesse Thomas T raywick, Jr., 015818, Frederick W. Denton Harold R. Podorson Franlt Glover Trew, 015711. Duran H. Summers, 017794. III · · William E. Rhoads William Samuel Triplet, 015815. Carl Willard Tempel, 018284. Frank Anthony Valente, 028768. Ralph Matthew Thompson, 017429. Thomas J. Moran to be a lieutenant (junior Charles Ward Van Way, Jr., 015757. Edward Joseph Tre.cy, 018272. grade) in the Navy (special duty officer). Harry Van Wyk, 015555. · J ames Harvey Turner, 017361. Harvey L. Rittenhouse to be a lieutenant George Walter Va ughn, 015747. Harold Hanson Twitchell, 018327. in the Medical Corps. Herbert Davis Vogel, 015520. Wendell Axline Weller, 018290. John :'"i:. Schulte to be a lieutenant (junior Vern Walbridge, 015915. J ohn Ruxton Wood, 017321. grade) in the Medical Corps. Everett Chalmers Wallace, 015525. J ames Elmo Yarbrough, 017348. To be ensigns in the Supply Corps of the Jesse Berna rd Wells, 015580. To be colonel, Dental Corps Navy from June 3, 1949 Lucien Francis Wells, Jr., 015832. Leland Stanford Mabry, 017034. Junius C. Bell James C. Protulis James Stewart Willis, 015601. Everette T. Brown, Jr. John C. Walker III Ovid Oscar Wilson, 015887. To be colonels, Medical Service Corps Dominic V. Cefalu John R. Waltrip George Spence Wise, 038589. Seth Overbaugh Craft, 016036. Thomas J. Ingram III Anton L. Witte Charles Edward Woodruff, Jr., 015283. Edward Martin Wones, 016028. To be lieutenants (jitnior grade) in the George Edmund Wrockloff, Jr., 015781. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE George Edmund Young, 015659. Chaplain Corps of the Navy The following-named officers for promotion Jonathan C. Brown, Jr. To be colonels, Judge Advocate General's 1n the United States Air Force, under the Cornelius J. Griffin. Corps provisions of sections 502 and 508 of the Of­ Howard B. Marble, Jr. (civilian college George Wiltz Gardes, 0 28840. ficer Personnel Act of ·1947. Those officers graduate) to be a lieutenant (junior grade) John Amos Hall, 016173. whose names are preceded by the symbol ( *) George William Hickman, Jr., 016420. ara subject to examination required by law. in the Dental Corps. J ohn Wilson Huyssoon, 016088. All others have been examined and found To be ensigns in the Nurse Corps of the Navy Irvin Schindler, 016605. qualified for promotion. Patricia M. Clark Shirley M. Riggan To be colonels, Medical Corps To be first lieutenants Sorhia H . Gormish Esther M. Thomson Arnold Archibald Albright, 018273. Adair, Luther Ewell, Jr., AC56711. Florence R. Martin Ethel J. Whitesell Samuel Howard Alexander, 017830. Augustyn, Frank Joseph, A050537. Verna LaJ. Miller Mildred L. Williams : Ellis McFerrin Altfather, 017816. Barr, Thomas James, A041359. Lillian A. Patsel Marjorie R. Wilson Kincheon Hubert Bailey, 015489. Bridgers, Sam, Jr., A041357. Marie A. Petrovitch Marion ;<;. Withers Charles Lewis Baird, 018299. Bryan, Don~ld William, A056716. IN THE MARINE CORPS Rollin LeRoy Bauchspies, 017819. •Burcham, Lee Aubrey, A056718. APPOINTMENT TO 'l'HE PERMANENT GRADE OF Daniel John Berry, 017806. Carroll, Bill, Jr., A056706. . MAJOR GENERAL Herbert Tht:Udore Berwald, 017831. Carroll, Thomas Lee, A056722. Field Harris Robert Eugene Bitner, 017371. Cathcart, Charles Earl, A056714. John Frederick Bohlender, 017814. Crisp, Harold Newark, Jr., A038530. APPOINTMENT TO THE PERMANENT GRADE OE'. Aubrey LeVerne Bradford, 017817. Cunningham, Arthur Sylvester, Jr., BIUGADIER GENERAL X Clyde Lemuel Brothers, 017824. A050536. Christian F. Schil t XCV-19~ 3108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 24

APPOINTMENT TO THE TEMPORARY GRADE OF John R. Craig, Rockholds. Phoebe J. Varney, East Nassau. BRIGADIER GENERAL Robert F. Gillispie, Sadievme. Richard A. Stahley, East Randolph. Clayton C. Jerome Hodge J. Slayden, Salem. Paul E. Carrigan, East Rockaway. Effie M. Voters, South Shore. Mary H. Bunt, Elka Park. APPOINTMENTS TO THE PERMANENT GRADE OF Mary M. Deaton, Toner. Robert G. Sullivan, Gainesville. LIEUTENANT COLONEL Rachel A. Galvin, Waverly .Hills. Elvira Reppucci, Glenwood Landing. James O. P.;:>pleyard Jack F. Mccollum George G. Wilson, Whitley City. Elizabeth c. FitzPatrick, Hamilton. Paul E. Becker, Jr. Martin E.W. Oelrich MICHIGAN Manuel Fisher, Harris. Charles H. Cowles Jonas M. Platt Julia M. Conway, Kiamesha Lake. Eugene A. Dueber, Jr. Leon A. Ranch John B. Seidl, Jones. Charles W. Schmitt, Montgomery. William F. Frank John T. Rooney MINNESOTA Julia C. McManus, Montrose. Joseph A. Gray NicholaR A. Sisak Peter B. Kiselewski, Browervllle. Frank A. McEvoy, Mount McGregor. Walter Holomon John W. Stevens II Alfred F. Ess, Hopkins. Andrew A. Wulforst, New Hyde Park. Louis N. King Grant D. Bergstrom, Pine River. Mildred c. Sigrist, North Evans. APPOINTMENT TO TitE PERMANENT GRADE OF Carl S. Fischer, Sauk Centre. T. Leo Ford, Oak Hill. CAPTAIN Fred P. Schroeder, Sauk Rapids. Edward Warner, Point Pleasant. Josef I. Reece Lyle R. Martinson, Shafer. Walter R. Cumiskey, Port Washington. APPOINTMENTS TO THE PERMANENT GRADE OF NEBRASKA Margaret M. Fox, Purdy Station. FIRST LIEUTENANT Irvan S. Renie, Arapahoe. Robert L. Simmons, Ripley. Myrl E. Boys Arthur Glen Miller, Atkinson. Cornelius S. Ball, Rye. Robert _H. Porter, Jr. Lorin V. Jones, Auburn. Louise H. Allen, Sandy Creek. Viola Calhoun, Benedict. Mary W. Hally, Sonyea. APPOINTMENT TO THE PERMANENT GRADE OF Mae Carroll, Sound Beach. SECOND LIEUTENANT Audrey Ida Babb, Broadwater. Donald K. Burklund, Brule. Francis A. Brophy, Stony Point. John R. Heppert Hyman Sasnowitz, Swan Lake. John K. Stewart Edward J. Pepperl, Burchard. Winton E. Newcomb, Cambridge. Althera Wahl, Sylvan Beach. APPOINTMENT TO THE PERMANENT GRADE OF Cyrus F. McDowell, Chadron. Arthur J. Kane, Waverly. LIEUTENANT COLONEL IN THE MARINE CORPS Wayne L. Patras, Clearwater. William' J. Yaeger, Webster. RESERVE John P. Davis, Crawford. Frederic Francais, Westhampton Beach. John J. Capolino Troy Kenneth Mccown, Elsie. OHIO Charles Edmond Rock, Geneva. POSTMASTERS Gayle K. Conner, Glenvil. Ralph C. Bennett, Amesville. Willis D. Kay, Anna. CONNECTICUT Harry L. Dresslar, Grant. Henry A. Davis, Louisville. Ida U. Smeltz, Attica. Howard Macciocca, Derby. Anna Gilmer Love, Basil. James F. Abbott, Gales Ferry. Mary L. Wunderlich, Martell. James J. Marshall, Merriman. Norman W. Elsass, Botkins. Margaret H. Burke, Litchfield. Harry B. Bavis, Bowling Green. Frank J. Barboni, North Haven. Adeline L. Breslin, Newcastle. Raymond R. Stevens, Orchard. Harley G. Butler, Bryan. Mary T. Doy'le, Thomaston. Woodrow E. Cecil, Caldwell. DELAWARE M. Belle Bouck, Palmyra. Robert K. Corn, Papillion. Robert S. Keadey, Centerburg. Bertha. M. Carrow, St. Georges. Fahy E. Wadkins, Phillips. Mary C. Dick, Cleves. IOWA Rolland L. Winkle, Pickrell. Willis W. Hill, Dublin. Calvin Joseph Olk, Pilger. William Henry Jenne, Elyria. Estelle M. Burroughs, Albion. Walter L. Bervinkle, Jr., Fort Jennings. Russell E. Bamsey, Audubon. Leslie W. Niel, Plattsmouth. Mae M. Lovell, Potter. Elmer E. Caldwell, Gallipolis. Vernon L. Dinges, Avoca. Clarence N. Emrick, Germantown. John M. McNiel, Batavia. Walter A. Aregood, Rising City. Jerry E. Severyn, Schuyler. L. Abram Flory, Granville. Charles w. Crees, Bayard. William R. Hapner, Hillsboro. Vernon M. Zylstra, Bussey. Hattie A. Pateidl, Snyder. Charles V. Brokaw, Uehling. Russell E. Elliott, Jackson Center. James T. Kisgen, Carroll. Herbert N. Dunfee, Jacobsburg. Francis L. Porter, Clarion. Margaret Linhart, Verdel. Aura Mae Keckler, Weeping Water. Ralph W. Stitsworth, Jamestown. Marion W. Palmer, Clearfield. J. Gilbert Coil, Jeffersonville. William G. Strunce, Creston. NEW JERSEY Ivor W. Cowell, Lake Milton. Joseph L. Torpey, DeWitt. Sesto A. Ferretti, Alpha. Mildred C. Sellars, Little Hocking. George W. Kunzman, Douds. William F. Kuhn, Brigantine. John B. Fanto, Lowellville. Paul Davie, Dunlap. Kathryn W. Haines, Browns Mills. William C. Simon, Metamora. Edward P. Domayer, Dyersville. Stanley John Ryba, Burlington. Homer E. Omen, Millfield. James W. Klaus, Earlville. Edmund o. Howell, Cape May Court House. Forest L. Ayers, Murray City. George R. Lewis, Elliott. Charles M. Kammerer, Carl ton Hill. Albert D. Borer, New Riegel. Dorris E. Trullinger, Farragut. George T. Albrecht, Dover. Russell M. Powell, New Vienna.. Raymond J. Gilday, Fort Dodge. Edward J. Breen, Edgewater. William J. Gallehue, North Hampton. Mattison L. Swaney, Garner. William J. Pricolo, Emerson. Howard B. Acker, Perry. Jerome A. Bunkers, Granville. Damon Caccese, Franklinville. George J. Stoll, Piketon. Ralph W. Gardner, Humeston. Elizabeth A. Philhower, Gladstone. Gail I. Lauer, Prospect. Robert B. Christopher, Huxley. Jerome L. Becker, Jr., Hightstown. Ella L. Clare, Richmond. Amy E. Allen, Jewell. - Henry T .. Hopkins, Keyport. Robei:t E. Erwin, Richwood. Elton O. Brill, Kamrar. Melvin A. Jolly, Old Bridge. Glenn G. Rex, Rome. Frank E. Orwan, Lorimor. Walter C. Farley, Oldwick. Francis M. Myers, Russellville. Mary C. Burns, Neola. John F. O'Donnell, Phillipsburg. Charles L. Sparks, Sabina. Alice L. Pool, New Providence. Joseph E. Stout, Pittstown. Eugene Victor Grevencamp, St. Henry. Raymond M. Harrold, Palmer. Robert G. Young, Port Monmouth. Lena G. Konneker, Sawyerwood. Ernest J. Heatherington, Prescott. Nicholas M. DaPrile, Port Reading. Mabel I. Linson, South Solon. Fred J. Ehrhardt, Sac City. John M. Daly, State Soldiers Home. Stanley H. Nelson, Terril. · William A. Kearns, Ridgewood. Julius B. Scott, Somerdale. Laura V. Tipton, The Plains. Marion C. Retter, Van Horne. Roger M. Crites, Tuscarawas. Oral J. Brown, Washington. James Abercromby, South Branch. Ralph T. Hodge, South Vineland. Roger W. Goertemiller, Verona. Rex C. Severt, Wellman. Ermel Ward, Vinton. Wesley B. Neal, Westfield. Carl L. Roof, Stillwater. Joseph E. Lyons, Vineland. Lester Gerber, Walnut Creek. William J . Newcomb, Williamsburg. Elijah H. Jackson, Waverly. Pearl L. Smith, Woden. Joseph Carroll Bransfield, Wildwood. William M. Danridge, Wortendyke. Harry A. Hahn, Waynesburg. KENTUCKY Erwin J. Brause, Westlake. Ernest C. Runyon, Belfry. NEW YORK Edsel F. Rowland, Williamsfield. John B. Adams, Berea. Mary A. Burns, Andover. OKLAHOMA Edna T. Holman, Cerulean. David E. Dodge, Apalachin. Alonzo L. Grasberger, Ashland. Clarence W. Phillips, Coyle. Arthur Kelly Hearon, Clay. Robert Anderson, Sperry. John M. Magee, Cynthiana. William A. Clukies, Bellmore. Leland G. Rubarts, Dunnv11le. Charles C. Vorhis, Brooktondale. PENNSYLVANIA Lillian Bodenheimer, Freeburn. Chester E. Canniff, Cairo. Thomas J. Zimmerlink, Allison. Lora C. Birmingham, Hardburly. William J. Trombley, Cohoes. Robert N. Eisenhart, Aspers. Harold A. Bolin, Irvington. Dorothy N. Lyke, East Bethany. Frank w. Coughanour, Jr., Hopwoo