DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction Notes Introduction 1. Álvarez Junco, Mater Dolorosa, p. 25. 2. For the polemics between 1996 and 2004 see Tusell, Aznarato. For an overview of the national question in post-1970s Spain see Balfour and Quiroga, Reinvention of Spain. 3. Connor, ‘Terminological Chaos’, pp. 89–117. 4. See the comments in Halliday, ‘Formation of Yemini Nationalism’, pp. 26–42. 5. Anderson, Imagined Communities,p.6. 6. For a general study which incorporates an analysis of the Hispanic Habsburg Empire see Marx, FaithintheNation. 7. Smith, National Identity, pp. 76–8. 8. The key work for Catalonia is Torres Sans, Naciones sin nacionalismo. 9. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism, pp. 14–21. 10. As analysed in some depth in Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, pp. 54–71. 11. Stressed in, for example, Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, p. 3; Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism, pp. 9–10. 12. The classic study is Kohn, Idea of Nationalism. 13. Because of its empirical weight, I would stress the importance of Baycroft and Hewitson (eds), What is a Nation? 14. Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, p. 3. Few academics would, however, accept Breuilly’s argument that the term nationalism should be restricted to such opposition groups. 15. Applegate, ‘A Europe of Regions’, pp. 1157–82. 16. Smith, National Identity, p. 146. 17. For a stimulating analysis see Umbach, ‘Nation and Region’, pp. 63–80. 18. Walker Connor, ‘Nation-Building or Nation Destroying?’, p. 43. 19. Breuilly, Nationalism and the State;Hroch,Social Preconditions. 20. Núñez Seixas, ‘Region’, pp. 483–518. 21. Smith, National Identity, pp. 20–1 and 66–7. Such a teleological perspective can, I would argue, be seen in, for example, Vicens Vives, ‘Catalans en el segle XIX’; Termes, Historia del Catalanisme; Balcells, Catalan Nationalism;Llobera, God of Modernity,andFoundations of National Identity. Such views are not lim- ited to Catalan historians. A teleological undercurrent can be detected in Hina, Castilla y Cataluña. I cannot claim any originality in my critique of such teleological discourses. Similar comments have been made by such historians as Joan-Lluís Marfany, Àngel Duarte and Genís Barsonell. For a hard-hitting attack on primordialism see Eller and Coughlan, ‘Poverty of Primordialism’, pp. 183–201. 22. Rovira i Virgili, Resum. 23. Rubió i Balaguer, ‘Segle de la Renaixença’, p. 296. 24. For example, he argues that the decision taken in 1842 to pull down the military fortress, La Ciudadela, represented ‘one of the first examples of the rebirth of the Catalan spirit (espirit)’, and affirms that the government’s proposed 1851 civil 223 224 Notes code was ‘a stake in the heart of one of the major elements of the Catalan spirit (ànima)’. ‘Catalans en el segle XIX’, p. 253 and p. 263. 25. See, for example, Jorba, Milà i Fontanals, p. 147; Fontana, ‘Altra Renaixença’, p. 17; Duran i Tort, Renaixença, p. 10. 26. Özkirimli, Theories of Nationalism, pp. 217–18. For a sophisticated discussion in a Spanish context see Serrano, Nacimiento de Carmen, pp. 10–18. 1 King, Patria and Nation: Catalonia from the Ancien Régime to Liberalism 1. The word pàtria is used in the same way in the Castilian and Catalan languages, but the orthography is slightly different; patria in Castilian and pàtria in Catalan. Matters are further complicated because until Pompeu Fabra’s standardization of Catalan grammar and spelling in the early twentieth century Catalans also wrote patria. 2. See Bisson, Medieval Crown. It should be noted that at times parts of the Crown were ruled independently by junior members of the House of Barcelona. 3. They were married in 1469 but did not rule jointly until 1479, when Fernando became king of the Crown of Aragon. 4. Elliott, ‘Composite Monarchies’, pp. 37–46. 5. Elliott, Imperial Spain, pp. 24–6. 6. The Empire never had an official title. I have used the term ‘Hispanic Habsburg Empire’ because at the end of his reign Charles V divided his possessions into a Germanic half and a Hispanic half. Felipe II became monarch of the latter. But it should be noted that the Hispanic Habsburgs retained possessions outside Iberia in Italy and the Low Countries. 7. González Sánchez-Molero, ‘Principis Hispanarium’, pp. 65–85. 8. This is the view advanced in Elliott, Imperial Spain, pp. 255–6; Kamen, Spain 1469–1714, pp. 154–5; and Koenigsberger, ‘Spain’, pp. 161–8. It is, however, rejected in Thompson, ‘Castile, Spain and the Monarchy’, pp. 139–41. 9. Smith, National Identity, pp. 38–9. 10. Kamen, ‘Política lingüística’, p. 33. 11. See, for example, Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, p. 406. 12. Hillgarth, Spanish Kingdoms, pp. 8–15. 13. Greenfeld, Nationalism; Anthony W. Marx, FaithintheNation. A whole debate has grown up about whether this attachment should be termed old-regime ‘patriotism’, or whether it can legitimately be called ‘nationalism’. Marx argues that the core element of nationalism is collective identification with the state (or with a religious opposition that aims to take state power). Hence, national- ism arose in sixteenth-century Europe. ‘Modernist’ scholars, like Ernest Gellner and E. J. Hobsbawm, and with respect to Spain José Álvarez Junco, on the other hand, affirm that nationalism only emerged in the late eighteenth century with the doctrines of national and political sovereignty. Clearly, a case study is not the place to undertake a long disquisition on the merits of rival definitions of nationalism. I have used the term patriotism for the early-modern era, but am also of the belief that the attachments to king, state, kingdom and reli- gion, which were forged from the sixteenth century onwards, were an essential building block for modern nationalism. ‘Modernists’, I think, have posited too sharp a break between the early-modern and modern worlds. For the question of definitions see also, Introduction, pp. 3–4. Notes 225 14. Elliott, ‘Self Perception and Decline’, p. 246; Thompson, ‘Castile, Spain, and the Monarchy’, pp. 135–9; Álvarez Junco, Mater Dolorosa, pp. 41–4, and 79–81. 15. Connor, ‘Ethnonationalism’, pp. 74–6; Smith, National Identity, p. 22. 16. Elliott, ‘Composite Monarchies’, p. 59; Koenigsberger, ‘Spain’, p. 164; García Cárcel, ‘Concepte d’Espanya’, p. 42; Gónzález Sánchez-Molero, ‘Principes Hispanarium’, pp. 65–85; Thompson, ‘Castile, Spain, and the Monarchy’, p. 138; Álvarez Junco, Mater Dolorosa, pp. 45–60. 17. Antón Pelayo, ‘Historiografía catalana’, p. 295; Gónzález Sánchez-Molero, ‘Principes Hispanarium’, pp. 83–5. 18. Elliott, Revolt of the Catalans, p. 15. 19. Elliott, Revolt of the Catalans, pp. 13–17 and pp. 42–8; Hillgarth, Spanish Kingdoms, p. 279 and pp. 372–84. 20. Elliott, Revolt of the Catalans, pp. 13–17 and pp. 42–8; Hillgarth, Spanish Kingdoms, p. 279 and pp. 372–84. 21. Coll i Alentorn, ‘Llegenda de Otger Cataló’, pp. 1–47; Freedman, ‘Legendary Origins of Catalonia’, pp. 3–28; Coll i Alentorn, Guifré el Pelós; Alcoberro, ‘Mites fundacionals’, pp. 16–21; Villanueva, Política y discurso histórico; Simón i Tarrés, Orígins ideològics. 22. The key work is Marfany, Llengua Maltractada. See also, Amelang, Honored Citizens, pp. 190–5; Lluch, ‘Producció de llibres’, pp. 22–7; Kamen, ‘Política lingüística’, pp. 30–4. Jeroni Pujades’ Coronica Universal, for example, reflected the growing influence of Castilian. The first volume was written in Catalan, but the next two (which would not be published until the early nineteenth century) were written in Castilian. 23. Kamen, Spain 1469–1714, pp. 211–12. 24. Vilar, ‘Estado, nación y patria’, p. 267; Torres Sans, ‘Pactisme’, pp. 45–62. 25. There is a detailed analysis in Elliott, Revolt of the Catalans. 26. Albareda Salvadó, Guerra de Sucesión, pp. 41–5. 27. Albareda Salvadó, Guerra de Sucesión, pp. 492–8. 28. Artola, Orígenes, p. 31. 29. For more details see, for example, Herr, Eighteenth Century Revolution, pp. 11–12. 30. Felipe V affirmed in his 29 June 1707 decree abolishing the institutions of Aragon and Valencia that this was based on ‘just right of conquest’. Cited in Lluch, Catalunya vençuda, p. 137. In England, in contrast, as Marx notes, the Puritan victory in the English civil war of 1640–5, followed by the execution of King Charles I, ensured that absolutism on the French model would not be possible. Marx, FaithintheNation, p. 107. Of course, England was a major inde- pendent power surrounded by sea, while Catalonia, Valencia and Aragon were much smaller territories wedged between France and the Kingdom of Castile. 31. For an overview see Smith, National Identity, pp. 93–5. 32. Herr, Eighteenth Century Revolution, pp. 227–30. 33. Sánchez Ageste, ‘ “Cortejo de naciones” ’, pp. 205–18; Maravall, ‘Sentimiento de nación’ and ‘De la Ilustración al Romanticismo’, pp. 29–41 and pp. 42–60; Fernández Sebastián, ‘España, monarquía y nación’, pp. 53–8. 34. Herr, Eighteenth Century Revolution, pp. 37–85; Álvarez Junco, Mater Dolorosa, pp. 79–81, and pp. 227–32. 35. Vilar, ‘Estado, nación y patria’, pp. 267–71; Fernández Sebastián, ‘España, monarquía y nación’, p. 56; Varela, ‘Nación, patria y patriotismo’, p. 2. 36. Fontana, Fi de l’antic règim, pp. 94–6; Prats, ‘Estat de la llengua i de la cultura’, pp. 308–17; Jacobson, Catalonia’s Advocates,p.52. 226 Notes 37. For the concept of diglossia see Fishman, Sociology of Language.Thekeysource remains Marfany, Llengua maltractada, especially, p. 286, pp. 326–32, and pp. 403–12. From a somewhat different perspective see Fontana, Fi de l’antic règim, pp. 94–6; Prats, ‘Estat de la llengua i de la cultura’, pp. 308–17. On the legal profession see Jacobson, Catalonia’s Advocates,p.52. 38. Albareda Salvadó, Guerra de Sucesión, pp. 435–7; Roura i Aulinas, Subjecció i revolta, pp. 42–71. 39. Kamen, Spain 1469–1714, p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Money and Finance in the Wealth of Nations: Interpretations and Influences
    Journal of US-China Public Administration, May 2015, Vol. 12, No. 5, 415-429 doi: 10.17265/1548-6591/2015.05.007 D DAVID PUBLISHING Money and Finance in the Wealth of Nations: Interpretations and Influences Mariano Castro-Valdivia University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain The paper analyzes the classical approach of the money and finance in the cited work of Adam Smith. Specifically, it studies the spread of these ideas in Spain in the late 18th and early 19th century. To do this, the above on this matter is investigated in the two editions that Alonso José Ortiz made of that work. In addition, their influence is discussed in the first Spanish edition of the Treaty of Political Economy by Jean Baptiste Say, translated by José Maria Queipo de Llano y Ruiz de Sarabia, 7th Count of Toreno. It should be remembered that it was a reference work for academic training in the chairs of political economy. In 1807, Plan Caballero, created in the Faculties of Law. Finally, it explains the influence that had the Smithian approach on this issue in the work of Ramón Lazaro de Dou y de Bassóls and Edualdo Jaumeandreui Triter. Keywords: money, teaching economics, classical school This paper is a study on the evolution of the concept of money in the principal text books used for teaching economics from the mid-eighteenth century to the early nineteenth century. Handbook of Genovesi, Condorcert, Smith, Herrenschwand, Canard, Say, Dou, and Jaumeandreu are studied in the following sections. The Wealth of Nations (1776), Adam Smith, is a land mark in modern economics.
    [Show full text]
  • The University and the Region: an Historical Overview and Some Reflections on the Case of Catalonia
    CONEIXEMENT I SOCIETAT 04 ARTICLES THE UNIVERSITY AND THE REGION: AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE CASE OF CATALONIA Ricard Pié* The increase in the number of publicly funded universities in Catalonia, the emergence of four private universi- ties, the major urban impact on the cities of Girona, Lleida, Reus, Tarragona and Vic as a result of the implantation of their respective universities, together with demographic factors such as the decline in the higher education population, as well as the need to rationalise the present map of universities in Catalonia, call for a considered appraisal of the relationship between the university and the region, as well as the relevance of that relationship to regional and academic restructuring policies affecting Catalan universities in the future. Contents 1. The university and its surrounding region 2. The founding of the medieval university, an urban phenomenon 3. The crisis of the traditional university model and the re-founding of the university as a temple of knowledge 4. The American experience: from rural college to mass university 5. The university as a motor of regional development 6. Spanish universities and their struggle for renewal 7. The difficult years, from the Spanish Civil War to the coming of democracy 8. The explosion of the university map in Spain under the new autonomous regions 9. The genesis of today’s university map in Catalonia 10. Some questions concerning the Catalan university map in relation to the differential value of region * Ricard PIÉ is an architect and senior lecturer at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia 16 THE UNIVERSITY AND THE REGION: AN HISTÒRICAL OVERVIEW AND SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE CASE OF CATALONIA 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiestas and Fervor: Religious Life and Catholic Enlightenment in the Diocese of Barcelona, 1766-1775
    FIESTAS AND FERVOR: RELIGIOUS LIFE AND CATHOLIC ENLIGHTENMENT IN THE DIOCESE OF BARCELONA, 1766-1775 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Andrea J. Smidt, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Dale K. Van Kley, Adviser Professor N. Geoffrey Parker Professor Kenneth J. Andrien ____________________ Adviser History Graduate Program ABSTRACT The Enlightenment, or the "Age of Reason," had a profound impact on eighteenth-century Europe, especially on its religion, producing both outright atheism and powerful movements of religious reform within the Church. The former—culminating in the French Revolution—has attracted many scholars; the latter has been relatively neglected. By looking at "enlightened" attempts to reform popular religious practices in Spain, my project examines the religious fervor of people whose story usually escapes historical attention. "Fiestas and Fervor" reveals the capacity of the Enlightenment to reform the Catholicism of ordinary Spaniards, examining how enlightened or Reform Catholicism affected popular piety in the diocese of Barcelona. This study focuses on the efforts of an exceptional figure of Reform Catholicism and Enlightenment Spain—Josep Climent i Avinent, Bishop of Barcelona from 1766- 1775. The program of “Enlightenment” as sponsored by the Spanish monarchy was one that did not question the Catholic faith and that championed economic progress and the advancement of the sciences, primarily benefiting the elite of Spanish society. In this context, Climent is noteworthy not only because his idea of “Catholic Enlightenment” opposed that sponsored by the Spanish monarchy but also because his was one that implicitly condemned the present hierarchy of the Catholic Church and explicitly ii advocated popular enlightenment and the creation of a more independent “public sphere” in Spain by means of increased literacy and education of the masses.
    [Show full text]
  • Spiritism, Violence, and Social Struggle in Late Nineteenth-Century Catalonia
    Spiritism, Violence, and Social Struggle in Late Nineteenth-Century Catalonia Gerard Horta University of Barcelona ABSTRACT This article discusses different situations concerning the position- ing of the nineteenth-century Catalan spiritism towards violence: on the one hand, with regard to capitalist's society's implementa- tion of the industrial process; on the other, in relation to the politi- cal use of violence – ‘terror tactics’ – employed by certain anar- chist sectors in Catalonia at the close of the century. As we shall see, an understanding of said positioning reveals the spiritist move- ment's ambiguity in this sphere. To interpret this ambiguity, one must take into account the tremendous crossroads at which its fol- lowers found themselves, midway between one society being destruc- tured and another that, in statu nascendi, was being prestructured. INTRODUCTION Catalan spiritism is first mentioned in the correspondence that José Maria Fernández Colavida established in 1858 with Léon Denizard Rivail also known as Allan Kardec (1804–1869), the Lyon-born French educator who systemized European spiritist theory and practice in 1857. Spiritism was firmly ingrained in Catalonia from the 1860s to 1939 at the end of the Spanish Civil War, the outcome of which triggered brutal repression against the movement's asso- ciations and followers. Throughout that period, broad subordinate sectors – in general, workers and artisans – devised a world's view, the organization of social relations and the development of people that embraced all spheres of existence. The presence of certain members of financial means made possible the earliest translations to Spanish, clandestine editions and the diffusion of Kardec's works, for example The Spirits' Book (Kardec 1963) (for an over- Social Evolution & History, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Article JOURNAL of CATALAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY, Issues 7&8, 2014 | Print ISSN 2014-1572 / Online ISSN 2014-1564 DOI: 10.2436/20.3001.02.88 | P
    article JOURNAL OF CATALAN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY, Issues 7&8, 2014 | Print ISSN 2014-1572 / Online ISSN 2014-1564 DOI: 10.2436/20.3001.02.88 | P. 51-63 Reception date: 1/6/2013 / Admission date: 12/12/2013 http://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/JOCIH Tradition and renovation: the formation of Balmes and Martí d’Eixalà in their historic context Rafael Ramis Barceló Universitat de les Illes Balears [email protected] Josep M. Vilasojana Universitat Pompeu Fabra [email protected] abstract Jaume Balmes and Ramon Martí are certainly the most profound of the Catalan thinkers in the first half of the 19th century. This work shows some of the keys to contextualize their contributions, using the influences they received as a starting point. The basic objective of the comparison is to show that, although they come from similar sources, their positions in regard to combining tradition and modernity are different. The analysis ends with a paradox: Balmes, a more noted philosopher, did not enjoy the same level of direct influence as Martí d’Eixalà. keywords Ramon Martí d’Eixalà, Jaume Balmes, XIXth education. In this article we present the figures of Jaume Balmes and Ramon Martí d’Eixalà in their historic and cultural context, to try to highlight their simi- larities and differences in the framework of Catalan thinking in the first half of the XIXth. century. The two most relevant intellectuals of the epoch had very different impacts on the development of Catalan philosophy. Martí d’Eixalà was a sort of Albertus Magnus, a teacher of important thinkers and author of a work which tried to give a new orientation to the ideas of the epoch, with the novelty of the time, which in the XIIIth.
    [Show full text]
  • ¿Ciencia Liberadora?. Librepensamiento
    ¿Ciencia liberadora? Librepensamiento, darwinismo y religión en el Círculo de la Luz* Álvaro Girón Sierra Institución Milá y Fontanals-CSIC, Barcelona Resumen El librepensamiento -uno de los movimientos más importantes en Europa Occidental- tuvo un grandísimo desarrollo a finales del XIX en Barcelona. De entre todos los organismos librepensadoras el que más destacaba era el Círculo de la Luz. “La Luz” se definía por su radical ateismo, aunando la actividad conjunta de un importante elenco de republicanos y anarquistas. La presente contribución explora el papel que los componentes de “La Luz” asignaron al darwinismo en la lucha contra la religión católica, así como la ambigüedad que genera abrir la puerta a un nuevo espacio normativo regido por la Ciencia. Palabras clave: librepensamiento, masonería, anarquismo, darwinismo, norma. 1. Librepensamiento, darwinismo, y cultura obrera: ¿un campo de estudio legítimo? La presenta contribución se inserta dentro de una reflexión general sobre lo que ha sido mi labor como historiador en los últimos años. Dicho trabajo ha ido orientado a desbrozar las muy complejas relaciones entre evolucionismo y cultura obrera. Para ello he partido de tres premisas fundamentales. En primer lugar, el rechazo de una perspectiva histórica que represente el consumo cultural de esa práctica cultural que llamamos ciencia-o aun mejor ciencias- como un proceso piramidal en que los no científicos asumen un papel meramente pasivo o de meros consumidores culturales. En segundo lugar, tomar en serio que el efecto ideológico de la actividad científica no se puede explicar haciendo referencia exclusiva al complejo tejido de factores que ha hecho posible su producción, asumiendo por el contrario que la distribución, las modalidades de la recepción y apropiamiento diferencial del saber científico, tienen también un papel * La presente contribución ha sido elaborada dentro del marco del proyecto "Ciencia y creencia entre dos mundos.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazeta Número 1
    Vicente i Izquierdo, Manuel La Tramontana (1881-1896), periòdic vermell escrit en català 371 La Tramontana és la gran obra de Josep Llunas i Pujals, personatge singular i líder més carismàtic del moviment anarcosocietari dels anys vuitanta i dels primers noranta del segle XIX, el quat des de la tribu­ na del seu setmanari, va bastir ponts de contacte a tots els moviments que defensaven les idees més avançades de l'època i que tenien dos enemics comuns: l'Estat i l'Església. Sempre hom ha destacat de La Tran/ontana la seva llarga durada -setze anys i 717 números- i el fet d'ésser escrita totalment en català, dues característiques molt inusuals per a una publicació que tradi­ cionalment ha estat qualificada d'anarquista.! Ara, si ens endinsem en l'anàlisi del seu contingut i en el coneixement de qui eren els qui hi escrivien, ens adonarem que es fa difícil trobar un adjectiu que, en termes absoluts, defineixi La Tramol1tmw. Catalanisme, republica­ nisme, lliurepensament, maçoneria, anarquisme i anticlericalisme es donen cita a les seves columnes i la converteixen en el millor exemple d'aquest aiguabarreig que configuraven els moviments d'oposició a la Restauració a Catalunya. Aquesta barreja ideològica és el que li dóna 1. En aquest sentit, Francisco MADRID ala seva tesi doctoral La Im'l/~a al/arqlli~ta li al/arC(l~il/di­ calista l'II E,pa/ia al',dl' la l" lllternaciol/al /¡a~ta ci filial deia CI/ara Ci!'il, UB, 1989, di u que dels periòd ic~ anarquistes publicats a Catalunya i al País Valencià «exclusivamcntc en catalan se publicaron ulla mínima porporción, aproximadamente un 3 ·x, .
    [Show full text]
  • Les Joventuts Llibertàries a Catalunya. Origen, E Structura I C Ontext (1932 - 1939)
    Les Joventuts Llibertàries a Catalunya. Origen, E structura i C ontext (1932 - 1939) Sònia Garangou i Tarrés ADVERTIMENT . La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX ( www.tdx.cat ) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB ( diposit.ub.edu ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la sev a reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB . No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA . La consulta de esta tesis queda condicio nada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR ( www.tdx.cat ) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB ( diposit.ub.edu ) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB .
    [Show full text]
  • Original E Castelltort Paupers' Hospital in Cervera
    Received: 11 December 2012 / Accepted: 11 February 2013 © 2013 Sociedad Española de Neurología Original Neurosciences and History 2013; 1(2):88-93 e Castelltort paupers' hospital in Cervera: neurological and general care in the late 18th century J. A. Matías-Guiu, J. Matías-Guiu Department of Neurology, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Very little information is to be found about the care provided by paupers' hospitals in the 17th and 18th centuries. is article presents a review of the evolution and activity of the Castelltort paupers' hospital in Cervera, an inland town in Catalonia. We also analyse the hospital's admission and discharge records during that period. Although the hospital was funded primarily by donations, it also received support from the local government. Most of its patients suffered from infections or nutritional deficiencies. ere were very few neurological diagnoses; of the few we found, most are descriptive and correspond to pain and headache. Mortality rates were very high among the few patients hospitalised due to stroke. KEYWORDS 18th century; local hospital; paupers' hospital, Cervera, stroke, neurological disease. Introduction collection, the University records, and the Duran i Sampere legacy collection. We also consulted the follo - Very little is known about 17 th and 18 th century hospital wing historical archives corresponding to larger geogra - care, 1 and what we do know only applies to large or phical areas: Arxiu Històric Comarcal de Tàrrega, Arxiu medium-sized cities. 2,3,4 e literature contains no Històric Comarcal d’Igualada, Archivo de la Corona de descriptions of how medical care was provided in small Aragón, Archivo Histórico Nacional de Madrid, Arxiu towns or the level of neurological care that would have Parroquial de Cervera, Arxiu Històric de Protocols de been offered in this setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Del Anarquismo Al Librepensamiento: Una Propuesta De Aproximación Al Proceso De Apropiación Del Darwinismo En La Cataluña De Fines Del Xix*
    ACTES HIST 3-2.qxp:- 11/4/11 11:25 Pgina 119 ACTES D’HISTÒRIA DE LA CIÈNCIA I DE LA TÈCNICA NOVA ÈPOCA / VOLUM 3 (2) / 2010, p. 119-129 DEL ANARQUISMO AL LIBREPENSAMIENTO: UNA PROPUESTA DE APROXIMACIÓN AL PROCESO DE APROPIACIÓN DEL DARWINISMO EN LA CATALUÑA DE FINES DEL XIX* ÁLVARO GIRÓN SIERRA INSTITUCIÓ MILÀ I FONTANALS-CSIC, BARCELONA. [email protected] Resumen: En las últimas décadas la historiografía ha puesto de manifiesto que repre- sentar el darwinismo de las últimas décadas del XIX como una suerte de aplicación de la teoría de Darwin de la selección natural a diferentes dominios era a la vez ingenuo y simplista. Más que una entidad fija, el darwinismo es mejor visto como un artefacto histórico cuyo significado era continuamente renegociado. Paradójicamente, aquellos trabajos dedicados al proceso de circulación/apropiación del darwinismo dentro de las organizaciones de izquierda y de la clase obrera, han soslayado habitualmente el hecho de que tanto partidos políticos como sindicatos es- tuvieron lejos de ser entidades fijas y auto-contenidas. Ello fue especialmente cierto en *Este artículo ha sido elaborado dentro del marco del proyecto “La ciencia europea y su impacto. De el origen a la recepción y desarrollo del darwinismo en España: interpretación, polémicas y ani- versarios” de referencia HUM2007-65125-C02-01 y financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e In- novación. Una primera versión de este artículo se presentó en la jornada Darwin en el 150è ani- versari de la publicació de «L’origen de les espècies», organitzada por la Societat Catalana d’Història de la Ciència i de la Tècnica (SCHCT)-Institut d’Estudis Catalans (IEC), la Institució Milà i Fontanals-CSIC y la Residència d’Investigadors CSIC-Generalitat de Catalunya.
    [Show full text]
  • 09. Notas Pens. Social
    Notas sobre su pensamiento social Una de las facetas más significativas del pensamiento de M. Reventós son sus estudios sobre los movimientos sociales y la realidad cooperativa, con referencia especial a Cataluña. Su propio hijo, Joan Reventós i Carner, es autor de una monografía sobre el movimiento cooperativo en España que fue defendida como tesis doctoral en la Universidad de Madrid y publicada en Barcelona en un volumen en 1960. Hablaremos en breve de ello. Sobre los movimientos sociales, Manuel Reventós tiene una obra publicada por la Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País 1 y otra escrita para la Fundación Patxot en 1936 sobre las clases medias, que no llegaría a alcanzar las linotipias 2 y que tuvo un luctuoso itinerario; nos estamos refiriendo al texto mecanografiado, que fue trasladado a Suiza -cedido por una imprudencia de Maria Carner- y luego recuperado por la propia familia Reventós. Esta obra 1 Manuel REVENTÓS i BORDOY, Els moviments socials a Barcelona durant el segle XIX, La Revista, Barcelona, 1925, 159 pp. Ha sido reeditada en Crítica, Barcelona, 1987. También con el título en otros lugares de Assaig sobre alguns episodis històrics dels moviments socials a Barcelona en el segle XIX, aunque es la misma obra, que Josep TERMES i ARDEVOL, en Bibliografia dels moviments socials a Catalunya, País Valencià i les Illes, Barcelona, 1972, califica como «capdaventera dels treballs científics sobre l’obrerisme català, encara que es ressent de la manca de métode i de visió de conjunt de l’historiografia de l’època. L’autor intentà, en tot cas, tractar els temes sense apriorismes.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuria Perez Paper Springer Re
    Publicat a: Núria Pérez, Medicine Studies (2010) 2:37–48DOI 10.1007/s12376-010-0039-z Medicine and science in a new medical–surgical context: the Royal College of Surgery of Barcelona (1760–1843) ABSTRACT Taking the Royal College of Barcelona (1760 -1843) as a case study this paper shows the development of modern surgery in Spain initiated by Bourbon Monarchy founding new kinds of institutions through their academic activities of spreading scientific knowledge. Antoni Gimbernat was the most famous internationally recognised Spanish surgeon. He was trained as a surgeon at the Royal College of Surgery in Cadiz and was later appointed as professor of the Anatomy in the College of Barcelona. He then became Royal Surgeon of King Carlos IV and with that esteemed position in Madrid he worked resiliently to improve the quality of the Royal colleges in Spain. Learning human body structure by performing hands-on dissections in the anatomical theatre has become a fundamental element of modern medical education. Gimbernat favoured the study of natural sciences, the new chemistry of Lavoisier and experimental physics in the academic programs of surgery. According to the study of a very relevant set of documents preserved in the library, the so-called “juntas literarias”, among the main subjects debated in the clinical sessions was the concept of human beings and diseases in relation to the development of the new experimental sciences. These documents showed that chemistry and experimental physics were considered crucial tools to understand the unexplained processes that occurred in the diseased and healthy human body and in a medico-surgical context.
    [Show full text]