JSSC Special Prize Awarded for Accomplishments in Research On
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No. 17 R DECEMBERDECEMBE 20062 0 0 6 A QQuarteryuartery PPublicationublication ofof TThehe JJapanapan IronIron andand SteelSteel FederationFederation • JJapaneseapanese SocietySociety ofof SteelSteel ConstructionConstruction Building Construction Aesthetic Architecture Aesthetic Architecture —Attractive Buildings Employing State-of- the-Art Materials and Technologies— by Dr. Eng. Mitsugu Asano, Chairman of JSSC’s Committee on the Design, Construction and Manufacture of Aesthetic Architecture (NIKKEN SEKKEI) Through the investment of great ingenu- designers employed by design firms and duce future tasks and developments, and to ity in both design and production, diverse construction companies. The examples call attention to the creativity of structural performance characteristics have been cited in the report were recommended by designers. More specifically, the report fea- incorporated into recent architectural the member companies and were selected tures technical information and data that spaces, configurations, and designs in order from among recent design projects con- are useful in creating aesthetic architectural to make structures as aesthetically attrac- ducted by those companies. The main structures. tive as possible. Further, hybrid structures object of the report is not a discussion or The report offers examples of five struc- consisting of steel and other materials are comparison of these examples. Rather, it tural categories that can be made more widely used in these buildings. is to illuminate the effort involved at the attractive. The Committee on the Design, Con- stage of realizing a design concept, to intro- ● Improving the attractiveness of an entire struction and Production of Aesthetic frame system Architecture, established by the Japanese ● Improving the attractiveness of roofing Society of Steel Construction (JSSC), has (terrace) recently published a report on technologies ● Improving the attractiveness of façades that promote appealing architecture. The ● Improving the attractiveness of structural committee’s members consist of structural elements (members, connections) ● Improving the attractiveness of small- scale structures The following introduces nine major Nagoya Dome examples of aesthetic architectural struc- tures that were recently built in Japan. Kuroshio Arena Roppongi Hills Arena Dentsu Building Mikimoto Ginza 2 National Art Center Seibu Dome Marunouchi Oazo’s Atrium International Library of Children’s Literature 1 BBuildinguilding ConstructionConstruction Kuroshio Arena —Energetic Roofline, Warm Interior Space, and Seemingly Transparent Façade— by Hisanori Taniguchi, Shimizu Corporation Structural Plan are attached in a V-shaped pattern that In particular, due to studies conducted from This building is a competitive swimming extends from the bottom of the trusses to both design and manufacturing perspec- stadium constructed in Kochi, Shikoku, the ceiling. This configuration not only tives on the steel castings used for the space for the 2002 National Athletic Meet. It calls to mind the Kuroshio Current and column bases, these castings were manu- has a one-story basement, three stories the vigor of sport but also gives the interior factured in eight different configurations above ground, and a large roof with a long- space a feeling of warmth. The roof trusses using one set of molds. side span of 122 m, a short-side span of are supported on both ends of the large 98 m, and a trapezoid plane of 32 m. It is space by space steel columns, and because Bright, Richly Transparent Space equipped with a 50-m pool, an infant pool, the walls are formed using Vierendeel The walls are composed of three layers: a year-round hot-water pool with Jacuzzi, trusses, the interior has a feeling of trans- external sashes, support trusses, and mov- and a training room. The 50-m pool can be parency. able wooden louvers. Because Vierendeel converted for use as a gymnasium, thereby steel trusses (SM490A) were adopted for making the arena functional for a wide Unidirectional Roof Supported by the wall support structure, the need for wall range of uses in addition to swimming, Space Columns braces was eliminated. such as other types of sporting competi- In order to promote the smooth transfer of tions and various events. stress where multiple structural members The roof trusses are unidirectional steel come together, cast steel members (JIS structures to which beams and diagonal G5102: SCW480) were adopted for the truss members made of laminated Kochi Cedar beam cross sections and the column bases. Hybrid truss composed of steel frames and beam and diagonal members made of laminated Kochi Cedar Full view of Kuroshio Arena 50-m pool and space column Cast steel member adopted for the truss Cast steel member adopted for the space beam cross section column base Vierendeel steel truss used for wall 2 Seibu Dome —Large Roof Blends Well with Surrounding Environment— by Satoshi Higuchi, Kajima Corporation The most distinctive feature of the struc- five-degree pitch. The components used for dome’s center section (145 m in diameter) tural plan for Seibu Dome was the remod- the dome’s construction consisted of a steel consists of a single-layer lattice made of eling of the existing open-roofed stadium pipe-structured single-layer lattice frame steel pipe (558.8 mm in diameter, 14 mm into a closed dome arena, during two con- membrane over the dome’s center sec- in wall thickness) arranged in 7.5-m grids. secutive November-to-March off seasons. tion, a doughnut-shaped radial steel space- Like a globe of the Earth, the single-layer To accomplish this, the remodeling was truss frame surrounding the membrane, lattice is laid out in a grid of latitudinal and undertaken in two stages. In the first stage, and 4.5~12 m-high V-shaped columns that longitudinal lines. In about 300 cross sec- metal roofing consisting mainly of steel support the roof. In order to build the roof tions where these lines intersect, cast steel frames was built over the seated sections, structure during two off-season periods, fittings were adopted. and in the second stage, membrane roofing the structural plan allowed for the existing Single-layer lattice Structural Elements frame membrane was extended above the playing fields. stadium to be used when the first stage of Boundary ring Radial steel Upper ring construction was completed. space-truss frame Outline of Structural Plan Step-shaped truss Main beam In the planning of the dome, the whole Structural Plan for Membrane Roof V-shaped column lower ring section was configured to tilt at a The frame membrane that covers the Lower ring Plane and Section Metal roof in the first stage of construction Membrane roof in the second stage of construction Membrane roof in the second stage of construction Metal roof Existing building in the first stage Full view of Seibu Dome of construction Completion of the first stage of Lift up of the roof in the second stage of construction construction Cast steel fittings 3 BBuildinguilding ConstructionConstruction High-strength bolts were used for flange Construction of Metal and of the ring-shaped trapping method. Instal- joining where the metal fittings for the Membrane Roofs lation of the membrane roofing in the sec- cross sections connect with the steel pipes. Installation of the metal roofing in the ond stage of construction was achieved by The flange surfaces of the metal fittings first stage of construction—assembly and assembling the grid frames on the ground were machined with appropriate angles installation of steel frames weighing more and then hoisting the 2,100-ton roof struc- to make the fittings’ surface, as a whole, than 8,000 tons—was implemented more ture into place by means of the lift-up closely resemble a sphere. quickly than expected due to the adoption method. Dentsu Building —High-rise Building with Asymmetrical Planes, Super Mega-frame System, and Two Kinds of Vibration-damping Devices— by Masayuki Yamanaka, Obayashi Corporation Building Outline Fig. 1 Appearance of Dentsu Building (left: south side; right: west side) In order to provide both functionality and appearance befitting the start of the twenty- first century, three concepts were taken into consideration during construction— 100-year service, symbiosis with the envi- ronment, and energy savings. To realize these concepts, the motto “low impact and high contact” was emphasized and allowed to influence every stage of design and con- struction, from planning to completion. In conformance with the urban plan- ning for SIO-SITE (a comprehensive urban development project), the Dentsu Build- ing provides not only office space but also visitor-intensive superb amenities that inte- grates commercial and cultural facilities, which thus creates a deep bond with the surrounding community—high contact. Also, with its boomerang shape, this high- rise building not only offers scenic beauty and attractive urban landscaping; it also longer return periods. This is why the seis- control short-side span-direction deforma- meets the need to minimize such adverse mic design of the Dentsu Building seeks tion in which bending deformation is great- effects on the surrounding area as electri- to secure sufficient structural strength est. cal disruptions and strong tunnel-effect by exceeding the Levels 1 and 2 external The major structural features of this winds—low impact. forces that are commonly adopted. unique building with such an asymmetrical The aboveground section of the build- plane configuration (Fig. 2) are