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Investigation of the Flora and Diversity of Phytoplanktonic Algae in Yamchi Dam, Ardabil Province

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Investigation of the Flora and Diversity of Phytoplanktonic Algae in Yamchi Dam, Ardabil Province Archive of SID Taxonomy and Biosystematics, 10th Year, No. 34, Spring 2018 4 Investigation of the Flora and Diversity of Phytoplanktonic Algae in Yamchi Dam, Ardabil Province Jamileh Panahy Mirzahasanlou 1*, Zohreh Ramezanpour 2, Javid Imanpour Namin 3 1 Assistant Professor Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran 2 Assistant Professor International Sturgeon Research Institute, Rasht, Iran 3 Associate Professor Department of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somee Sara, Iran Abstract Phytoplanktons are primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, and form part of the basis of the food webs in these ecosystems. Yamchi dam was constructed on Balikhlu River (northwest of Iran). Considering that there was no study of phytoplankton in Yamchi dam, While phytoplanktons are important in understanding the biological function of lakes and detect changes in them, this investigation was carried out to study the floristic composition of phytoplanktons in this lake. In total, 62 Phytoplankton taxa were identified. These belong to 50 genera, 39 families and 9 classes of the algae. Among classes identified in this study, most species were designated to 3 classes: Bacillariophyceae with 23 sp. Chlorophyceae with 12 sp. and Cyanophyceae with 10 sp. Bacillariaceae and Scenedesmaceae each with 6 sp. are the largest families and Nitaschia with 4 sp. is the largest genus identified in the lake, respectively. In the present study, the highest value of diversity was observed in late spring and summer months, which was due to the conditions suitable for growth and co-occurrence of green algae and cyanobacteria, rather than the good quality of water in these months. The lowest values of the diversity index were calculated in the autumn, that the growth condition was suitable for diatoms, with the dominant species of Stephanodiscus neostraea. Key words: Balikhlu River, Diversity Index, Evenness, Phytoplankton Abundance. * [email protected] Copyright©2017, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. www.SID.ir Archive of SID تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک، سال دهم، شماره سی و چهارم، بهار 1397، صفحه -39 52 دريافت مقاله: 07/11/1396 پذيرش نهايی: 1397/11/29 مطالعۀ فلور و تنوع جلبکهای فیتوپﻻنکتونی سد یامچی، استان اردبیل 3 2 1 جمیله پناهی میرزاحسنلو *، زهره رمضانپور ، جاويد ايمانپور نمین 1 استاديار گروه زيستشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، گنبدکاووس، ايران 2 استاديار مؤسسۀ تحقیقات بینالمللی تاسماهیان دريای خزر، رشت، ايران 3 دانشیار گروه شیﻻت، دانشکدۀ منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیﻻن، صومعهسرا، ايران چکیده فیتوپﻻنکتونها تولیدکنندگان اولیه در اکوسیستمهای آبی و بخشی از پايۀ شببکه هبای ذبذايی انبد . سبد يبام ی روی رودخانۀ بالیخلو )شمالذرب ايران( ساخته شده است؛ با توجهبه اينکه تاکنون مطالعهای دربارۀ فیتوپﻻنکتونهبای ايبن سد انجام نشده است و نظر به اهمیت فیتوپﻻنکتونها در درک عملکرد زيسبتی درياچبه هبا و رديبابی تیییبرات آنهبا، مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف بررسبی فلوريسبتیک فیتوپﻻنکتبون هبای ايبن درياچبه انجبام شبد. ببه طبور کلبی، 62 تاکسبون فیتوپﻻنکتونی در بررسی حاضر شناسايی شدند که به 50 جنس، 39 تیره و 9 رده از جلبکهبا تعلبد داشبتند. در ببین ردهها Bacillariophyceae با 23 گونه، Chlorophyceae با 12 گونه و Cyanophyceae ببا 10 گونبه بیشبترين تعبداد گونهها را به خود اختصاص دادند. Baciillariaceae و Scenedesmaceae هرکدام با 6 گونه ببزر تبرين تیبره هبا و Nitzschia با 4 گونه بزر ترين جنس فیتوپﻻنکتونی شناسايیشبده در درياچبه بودنبد. در مطالعبۀ حاضبر، بیشبترين مقادير تنوع در اواخر بهار و ماههای تابستان مشاهده شد که بهعلت مناسببودن شرايط برای رشد و وقبوع هبم زمبان جلبکهای سبز و سیانوباکتریها )نه بهعلت کیفیت خوب آب در اين ماهها( بود. کمترين مقبادير شباخت تنبوع در پايیز محاسبه شد و شرايط رشدی تنها برای دياتومه ه ا م ن ا س ب ب ب و د ک ب ه ت ن ه ب ا ب ب ا ي ب ک گ و ن ب ۀ ذ ا ل ب ب Stephanodiscus neoastraea در درياچه مشاهده شدند. واژههای کلیدی: رودخانۀ بالیخلو، شاخت تنوع، يکنواختی، فراوانی فیتوپﻻنکتونی مقدمه. را منعکس می کنند (Komulaynen, 2009). اصطﻻح مطالعههای فلوريستیک روی جلبکهای آب فیتوپﻻنکتون به تمام جلبکهای میکروسکوپی معلد در شیرين ترکیب گونه ای و تنوع تاکسونومیک جوامع آب اطﻻق میشود که به تمام گروههای تاکسونومیک زيستی اکوسیستم را آشکار ,Faghir and Shafii) جلبکی تعلد دارند. فیتوپﻻنکتونها همراه با جلبکهای 2013( و تیییرات فصلی، فرايندهای تکاملی، کفزی و ماکروفیت ها تولیدکنندگان اولیۀ عملکردهای اکولوژيکی و پايداری اکوسیستم های آبی اکوسیستم های آبی هستند و بخشی از پايۀ شبکههای * [email protected] Copyright©2017, University of Isfahan. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0), which permits others to download this work and share it with others as long as they credit it, but they cannot change it in any way or use it commercially. www.SID.ir Archive of SID 40 تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک، سال دهم، شماره سی و چهارم، بهار 1397 ذذايی را تشکیل میدهند. فیتوپﻻنکتونها بخش عمدۀ 9 شاخه از جلبکها را شناسايی کردند که بیشترين تولیدات اولیه در درياچه ها و مخازن پشت سدها را تعداد گونههای شناسايی شده به شاخههای تولید می کنند و ماکروفیت ها و جلبکهای کف زی Chlorophyta و Bacillariophyta تعلد داشتند؛ محدودند. فیتوپﻻنکتون ها به تیییرات مواد ذذايی Gharibkhany و همکاران )2009( 42 جنس متعلد به حساساند و بهسرعت نسبت به هر تیییری در میزان مواد 10 شاخه را در تاﻻب استیل شناسايی کردند که میذی پاسخ میدهند. جلبک های پﻻنکتونی بهعلت بیشترين تعداد جنس ها به شاخههای Chlorophyta و داشتن چرخۀ زندگی کوتاه سريع به تیییرات محیطی Bacillariophyta تعلد داشتند. Mohebbi و همکاران پاسخ میدهند و ازاينرو، شاخت قابل استفادهای برای )2012( 46 گونه متعلد به 5 شاخه را در درياچۀ سد کیفیت آب محسوب می شوند ,Hotzel and Croome) ارس شناسايی کردند و بر اساس شاختهای 1999). در بیشتر مطالعههای انجامشده دربارۀ درياچه ها، محاسبهشده و ترکیب جمعیتی فیتوپﻻنکتونها، اين جوامع فیتوپﻻنکتونی برای ارزيابی محیطی استفاده درياچه يو-هیپرتروف گزارش شد؛ Noroozi و شدهاند. تجزيهوتحلیل جوامع فیتوپﻻنکتونی نمونههای همکاران )2009( از مجموع 225 گونۀ شناسايی شده در برداشته شده از اکوسیستم هايی مانند درياچهها و مطالعۀ فلور جلبکی پارک ملی بوجاق، 70 گونۀ آبگیرها اطﻻعات ارزشمندی دربارۀ شرايط کلی آب فیتوپﻻنکتونی را گزارش کردند و در اين مطالعه، تمام فراهم و طبقهبندی درياچهها و ساير منابع آبی را ازنظر جنسهای Euglenophyceae و Dinophyceae و کیفیت آب و سطح تیذيهای )تروفیک( امکانپذير اذلب جنسهای Bacillariophyceae پﻻنکتونی بودند؛ میکند (Cheraghpour .(Bellinger and Sigee, 2010 و همکاران )2013( 95 گونه را در مطالعههای فلوريستیک دربارۀ جلبک های ايران بررسی تنوع فیتوپﻻنکتونی تاﻻب گندمان شناسايی بسیار محدودند؛ باوجوداين، مطالعههای مختلفی در کردند و Bacillariophyta و Chlorophyta بیشترين زمینۀ فیتوپﻻنکتونهای اکوسیستمهای آبی ايران انجام گونهها را به خود اختصاص دادند. شدهاند که ازجملۀ آنها عبارتند از: Noroozi و سد يام ی با انگیزۀ بهرهگیری از جريان سطحی همکاران )2005( با بررسی توزيع فصلی جلبک و بالیخلو چای بهمنظور تأمین بخشی از نیازهای آب ارتباط آن با برخی عوامل فیزيکوشیمیايی در تاﻻب آشامیدنی شهر اردبیل و توسعۀ کشاورزی و آبیاری در انزلی نشان دادند گونههای Bacillariophyceae اراضی دشت اردبیل روی بالیخلو چای ساخته شده فراوانترين گونهها هستند که در فصل پايیز بیشترين است. ازآنجاکه آب پشت سد برای آب آشامیدنی شهر فراوانی را دارند و اعضای Chlorophyceae در بهار و اردبیل و کشاورزی به کار میرود و فیتوپﻻنکتون ها در اعضای Cyanophyceae در تابستان ذالب می شوند؛ برخی سال ها و بهويژه در ماه های تابستان مشکل ساز Makaremi و همکاران )2006( با مطالعۀ پراکنش میشوند، مطالعه های دقید روی جلبکهای فیتوپﻻنکتونی در تاﻻب انزلی و نواحی ساحلی دريای فیتوپﻻنکتونی و شناسايی آنها بهعنوان مطالعۀ پايهای خزر، درمجموع 287 گونه فیتوپﻻنکتون متعلد به برای برنامههای مديريتی آينده ضروری به نظر میرسد. www.SID.ir Archive of SID مطالعۀ فلور و تنوع جلبکهای فیتوپﻻنکتونی سد يام ی، استان اردبیل 41 مواد و روشها. (BOD) و (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD به رودخانۀ بالیخلو در جنوبذربی شهر اردبیل و در آزمايشگاه منتقل شدند (Clescerl et al., 1999). میزان محدودۀ عرض جیرافیايی 38 درجۀ شمالی قرار دارد. اکسیژن محلول، دما، هدايت الکتريکی، شوری، اين رودخانه از سرشاخههای رودخانۀ قرهسو به شمار اسیديته و (Total Dissolved Solids (TDS با دستگاه میآيد و از شرق وارد شهر اردبیل میشود. سد يام ی پرتابل Hach G500 در محل اندازهگیری شد. در در موقعیت جیرافیايی 48 درجه و 5 دقیقۀ طول شرقی و آزمايشگاه، ابعاد سلولها با میکروسکوپ نوری 38 درجه و 4 دقیقۀ عرض شمالی و در فاصلۀ 25 اندازهگیری و عکس های میکروسکوپی آنها تهیه و کیلومتری جنوب ذربی شهر اردبیل و 5 کیلومتری نمونهها با مراجعه به منابع Prescott, 1970; Tiffany) and Britton, 1971; Komarek and Anagnostidis, شمالشرقی شهر نیر و با حجم مفید 80 میلیون ,.Wehr and Sheath, 2003; John et al ;1999 مترمکعب روی بالیخلو چای ساخته شده است و درياچۀ 2005) شناسايی شدند. درستی ردهبندی گونه های پشت سد 6 کیلومتر طول و 650 متر عرض دارد. شناساي یشده با مراجعه به سايت Algaebase.org تأيید متوسط بارندگی ساﻻنه در محل سد اردبیل 385 شد (Guiry and Guiry, 2018)؛ سپس نمونه ها با میلیمتر و متوسط دمای ساﻻنه 8/8 درجۀ سانتیگراد استفاده از محفظه های شمارش و میکروسکوپ اينورت است. شمارش شدند و فراوانی فیتوپﻻنکتونی محاسبه شد سه ايستگاه نمونهبرداری با توجهبه وسعت، عمد و (Clescerl et al., 1999). تنوع زيستی فیتوپﻻنکتونی با منابع ورودی آب درياچه بهمنظور مطالعۀ استفاده از شاخت های تنوع شانون - وينر و يکنواختی فیتوپﻻنکتونهای سد يام ی انتخاب شدند: ايستگاه و به کمک نرمافزار PAST 3.20 محاسبه شد اول: عمیدترين نقطۀ درياچه )عمدهای صفر، 5 و Hammer et al., 2001) 10).
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