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The Effects of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society The Effects of Mass Immigration on Canadian Living Standards and Society edited by Herbert Grubel Fraser Institute www.fraserinstitute.org 2009 Copyright ©2009 by the Fraser Institute. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The authors of this publication have worked independently and opinions expressed by them are, therefore, their own, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the supporters, trustees, or staff of the Fraser Institute. This publication in no way implies that the Fraser Institute, its trustees, or staff are in favor of, or oppose the passage of, any bill; or that they support or oppose any particular political party or candidate. Date of issue: August 2009 Printed and bound in Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data The effects of mass immigration on canadian living standards and society / edited by Herbert Grubel. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-88975-246-7. Contents About the authors d v Acknowledgments d xiii Introduction and policy implications d xv Herbert Grubel Overview and International Perspectives 1 The current state of Canadian immigration policy d 3 James Bissett 2 Immigration’s impact on public coffers in the United States d 29 Steven A. Camarota 3 Immigration and its impacts in France d 41 Jean-Paul Gourévitch Economic Issues 4 Immigration policy in free societies: Are there principles involved or is it all politics? d 57 Vernon M. Briggs, Jr. 5 Is Canadian immigration too high? A labor market and productivity perspective d 73 Patrick Grady 6 Recent immigration and Canadian living standards d 97 Herbert Grubel www.fraserinstitute.org d Fraser Institute d iii iv d The effects of mass immigration on canadian living standards and society Demographic Issues 7 Immigration’s impact on the growth and age structure of the Canadian workforce d 121 Robin Banerjee and William Robson 8 The immigration option to population aging in Canada d 145 Marcel Mérette Social Issues 9 The creation of a global suburb and its impact on Canadian national unity d 171 Stephen Gallagher 10 Immigration and multiculturalism undermine culture and security in Canada d 197 Salim Mansur Political Issues 11 The politics of Canadian immigration policies d 213 Gordon Gibson 12 The challenges of reforming immigration policy in Britain d 225 Sir Andrew Green About this publication d 233 Supporting the Fraser Institute d 234 About the Fraser Institute d 235 Editorial Advisory Board d 236 Fraser Institute d www.fraserinstitute.org About the authors Robin Banerjee Robin Banerjee is a former policy analyst at the C.D. Howe Institute. He has a B.A. in economics from the University of Toronto and an M.A. in economics from both the University of Guelph and the University of Maryland, College Park. His research at the Institute ranged over a num- ber of areas, including monetary policy, environmental policy, pensions, demographics, and economic growth. James Bissett Former Executive Director, Canadian Immigration Service Mr. Bissett is a former Canadian Ambassador with 36 years of service in the government of Canada. He was the Canadian Ambassador to Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, and High Commissioner to Trinidad and Tobago. From 1985 to 1990, he was the Executive Director of the Canadian Immigration Service. During this period, he served on the Prime Minister’s Intelligence Advisory Committee. Upon leaving the Public Service in 1992, he was employed by the International Organization of Migration as their Chief of Mission in Moscow. He worked in Moscow for five years helping the Russian Government establish a new Immigration Service and draft new Immigration legislation and a new Citizenship Act. During this period, he was in Chechnya helping evacuate and find accommodation for refugees fleeing the civil war there in 1994. Since his return to Canada in 1997, Mr. Bissett has acted as a consul- tant to the Government on a number of immigration issues. He was a regular www.fraserinstitute.org d Fraser Institute d v vi d The effects of mass immigration on canadian living standards and society panelist on the now-defunct Public Broadcasting System (PBS) TV Program, The Editors, and is a regular contributor of articles to Canadian newspapers. Vernon M. Briggs, Jr. Emeritus Professor of Labor & Human Resource Economics, Cornell University Mr. Briggs is an Emeritus Professor of Labor and Human Resource Economics at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Before joining the faculty at Cornell, Mr. Briggs taught at Michigan State University and the University of Texas at Austin. Mr. Briggs is widely regarded as an expert in the field of human resource policy and has written extensively on the subject. Aside from his published articles, he was also the author of The Chicano Worker, Immigration Policy and the National Interest. In addition to serving on numerous editorial boards of professional journals, he was a member of the National Council on Employment Policy and served a term as Chairman. He has also sat on the Board of Directors for the Center for Immigration Studies, located in Washington, D.C., and has presented before numerous committees of the US Congress. Steven A. Camarota Director of Research, Center for Immigration Studies Mr. Camarota is Director of Research at the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in public-policy analysis, and a Masters degree in political sci- ence from the University of Pennsylvania. In recent years he has testified before Congress more than any other non-government expert on the economic and fiscal impact of immi- gration. He is currently under contract with the Census Bureau as the lead researcher on a project examining the quality of immigrant data in the American Community Survey. His research has been featured on the front pages of the New York Times, Washington Post, and USAToday as well as many other media outlets. He has written academic articles for such journals as the Public Interest and Social Science Quarterly. He has also written general interest pieces for such publications as the Chicago Tribune and National Review. Fraser Institute d www.fraserinstitute.org The effects of mass immigration on canadian living standards and society d vii He appears frequently on radio and television news programs includ- ing CNN, MSNBC, Fox News Channel, NBC Nightly News, and ABC World News Tonight, CBS Evening News, National Public Radio, and the NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. Some of his most recent works published by the Center for Immigration Studies are: Immigrants in the United States 2007: A Profile of the America’s Foreign-born Population; 100 Million More: Projecting the Impact of Immigration on the U.S. Population, 2007 to 2060; Illegitimate Nation: An Examination of Out-of-Wedlock Births among Immigrants and Natives; The High Cost of Cheap Labor: Illegal Immigration and the Federal Budget; Back Where We Started: An Examination of Trends in Immigrant Welfare Use since Welfare Reform; Dropping Out: Immigrant Entry and Native Exit from the Labor Market 2000–2005; Births to Immigrants in America: 1970 to 2002; Immigration in an Aging Society: Workers, Birth Rates, and Social Security. Stephen Gallagher Program Director (Montreal), Canadian International Council Dr. Stephen Gallagher is Program Director of the Montreal Branch of the Canadian International Council and a lecturer in Political Science. He has taught at McGill University, Carleton University, and the University of Manitoba. Dr. Gallagher has published widely on Canadian and European migra- tion policy, has appeared as a witness before Parliamentary Committees, and has been interviewed on such media sources as BBC World Report, CBC, CBS 60 Minutes, and CTV. Gordon Gibson Senior Fellow, Fraser Institute Gordon Gibson is a Senior Fellow in Canadian Studies at the Fraser Institute. He received his BA (Honours) in Mathematics and Physics from the University of British Columbia and his MBA from Harvard Business School. This was followed by research work at the London School of Economics. His current areas of study include federalism, governance, and relations between aboriginals and non-aboriginals. www.fraserinstitute.org d Fraser Institute viii d The effects of mass immigration on canadian living standards and society Mr. Gibson has written books and monographs for the Fraser Institute that include: Plan B: The Future of the Rest of Canada; Thirty Million Musketeers: One Canada for All Canadians; Fixing Canadian Democracy; Comments on the Draft Nisga’a Treaty; A Principled Analysis of the Nisga’a Treaty; Principles for Treaty Making; Challenges in Senate Reform: Conflicts of Interest, Unintended Consequences, New Possibilities; and, his most recent study, A New Look at Canadian Indian Policy: Respect the Collective—Promote the Individual. In 2002, he was commissioned by the BC Government to design the Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform. His report was substantially adopted (with amendments as to size) and the Assembly process is now successfully completed. The Assembly architecture is currently the sub- ject of extensive world-wide study as an innovative technique in tackling difficult public-policy problems. His columns appear frequently in the Vancouver Sun, Winnipeg Free Press, and Globe & Mail. He served as Assistant to the Minister of Northern Affairs, then Executive, and later Special, Assistant to the Prime Minister, and ran in three federal elections. In addition, he was elected twice to the BC Legislature and served as both MLA and Leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party. He is currently on the Board and Chair of the Audit Committee of the Westshore Terminals Income Fund. Jean-Paul Gourévitch International expert on immigration; Academic, Université Paris XII Jean-Paul Gourévitch is an international expert on human resources, spe- cializing in migrations and in Africa, where he has conducted missions since 1987 for various organizations: the French Department of Foreign and European Affairs, the European Union, UNESCO, the World Bank, and a range of companies and NGOs.
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