DOCSLIB.ORG

Litvinchuk Et Al V.1.Qxp

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Litvinchuk Et Al V.1.Qxp 2004 Asiatic Herpetological Research Vol. 10, pp. 282-294 Intraspecific and Interspecific Genome Size Variation in Hynobiid Salamanders of Russia and Kazakhstan: Determination by Flow Cytometry SPARTAK N. LITVINCHUK1,*, LEO J. BORKIN2 AND JURY M. ROSANOV1 1Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; *E-mail: [email protected] 2Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia Abstract. - The amount of DNA per diploid nucleus in Salamandrella keyserlingii and Onychodactylus fischeri from Russia, as well as in Ranodon sibiricus from Kazakhstan was determined by flow cytometry. Onychodactylus fischeri had the highest genome size, Ranodon sibiricus the lowest, and Salamandrella keyserlingii was intermediate. Obvious geographic variation in genome size was revealed for Salamandrella keyserlingii and Ranodon sibiricus. The com- parison of nuclear DNA content in eleven hynobiid species supported the genus Onychodactylus as a separate line- age. Key words. - nuclear DNA content, genome size, flow cytometry, Caudata, Hynobiidae, Onychodactylus fischeri, Salamandrella keyserlingii, Ranodon sibiricus, Russia, Kazakhstan. Introduction 2002; Litvinchuk et al., 2003). Many authors have noted a relationship between genome size and some biological Diploid genome size, measured in picograms (pg; 1 pg parameters, such as cellular and nuclear sizes, replica- = 10-12 g) of DNA per nucleus, varies widely in verte- tion time, cell-cycle length, cell division rate, metabolic brates. Living amphibians represent the largest range of rate, longevity, morphological complexity in the brain, genome size variability among terrestrial vertebrates, etc. (Van't Hoff and Sparrow, 1963; Goin et al., 1968; with a minimum of 1.7 pg in male frogs of Olmo and Morescalchi, 1975; Bachmann and Nishioka, Eleutherodactylus shrevei (Schmid et al., 2002) and 1978; Sessions and Larson, 1987; Shakhbazov and maximum of 241 pg in Necturus lewisi (Olmo, 1973). Gapchenko, 1990; Licht and Lowcock, 1991; Nevo and Some extinct amphibians may have had maximum DNA Beiles, 1991; Roth et al., 1994; Vinogradov, 1999; contents greater (approximately 300 pg) than the maxi- Gregory, 2001b, 2001c; Griffith et al., 2003). However, mum known in living forms (Thoson and Muraszko, an adaptive value of genome size is most clearly shown 1978). in its relationship with the timing of embryonic develop- Various methods are used for the measuring of ment in amphibians (Bachmann, 1972; Oeldorf et al., genome size in amphibians (for example, biochemical 1978; Horner and Macgregor, 1983; Pagel and Jonstone, analysis, Feulgen densitometry, static cell fluorometry, 1992; Jockusch, 1997; Chipman et al., 2001; Gregory, ultraviolet microscopy, etc.). However, modern studies 2002, 2003). are based on a comparatively new and very precise This research is focused on salamanders of the fam- method of flow DNA cytometry. As a rule, standard ily Hynobiidae, which consists of approximately 42 errors of this method (peak mean ratios) are less than species. Among modern amphibians, hynobiids are rec- 0.5% (Rosanov and Vinogradov, 1998). Among approx- ognized to be one of the primitive urodelans (e.g., imately 415 amphibian species examined, nuclear DNA Duellman and Trueb, 1986; Larson and Dimmick, contents were studied by flow cytometry in about 143 1993). Hynobiids inhabit various mountain regions of species only (Gregory, 2001a). Palaearctic Asia, where they have quite restricted Among some specific applications, DNA flow ranges. The territory of Russia and Kazakhstan are only cytometry has been used to examine ploidy levels inhabited by three hynobiid species. Other family mem- (Borkin et al., 1986, 1996, 2001a; Vinogradov et al., bers, such as the Siberian Salamander (Salamandrella 1990; Sharbel et al., 1997; Litvinchuk et al., 1998, keyserlingii), is widely distributed from Northeastern 2001), to identify morphologically similar species European Russia to the Kamchatka Peninsula. The (Sharbel et al., 1995; MacCulloch et al., 1996; Ussuri Clawed Salamander (Onychodactylus fischeri) Litvinchuk et al., 1997, 1999; Murphy et al., 1997; can be found in the southern part of Russian Far East and Borkin et al., 2001b, 2003; Khalturin et al., 2003), and in the Korean Peninsula. The Semirechensk salamander to search for hybrid individuals (Borkin et al., 1987, (Ranodon sibiricus) inhabits the Dzhungarsky Alatau © 2004 by Asiatic Herpetological Research Vol. 10, p. 283 Asiatic Herpetological Research 2004 Figure 1. Distribution of Salamandrella keyserlingii (grayish area), Ranodon sibiricus (dark square), and Onychodactylus fischeri (dark-grayish area), with localities studied (locality number as in Table 1). Dark circles desig- nate the "Euro-Siberian" type of Salamandrella keyserlingii, white ones - "Primorsky" type. Mountains in southeastern Kazakhstan and adjacent Peripheral blood cells of specimens of the Ribbed China. The last two species are included in the Russian Newt, Pleurodeles waltl, received from Prof. J. C. and Kazakhstan Red Data Books, respectively. Ranodon Lacroix (Université Paris VI, Paris, France) were used sibiricus is also included in the IUCN Red List of as a reference standard. Details of the technique have Threatened Animals under the category "vulnerable" been published previously (Vinogradov et al., 1990; (Borkin, 1998; Kuzmin, 1999). The goal of present Rosanov and Vinogradov, 1998; Borkin et al., 2001). paper is to evaluate the intra- and interspecific genome The relative genome size differences (RD) were calcu- size variation in three hynobiid species of Russia and lated with use of formula: RD=(m1-m2)/(m1+m2) × Kazakhstan, with flow cytometry. 200%, where m1 and m2 are the sample means. Materials and methods Results Eighty-eight metamorphosed specimens from 13 popu- The genome size variation in three hynobiid species var- lations of three species distributed in Russia and ied between 54.5 and 109.0 pg (Table 1). The lowest Kazakhstan were used in this study of genome size vari- nuclear DNA content was recorded in Ranodon sibiricus ation. Blood was taken from the clipped tail tip. The (in average 55.4 pg), whereas the highest was in samples of Salamandrella keyserlingii and Onychodactylus fischeri (107.7 pg). Salamandrella key- Onychodactylus fischeri studied are kept at the collec- serlingii was intermediate in size (66.4 pg). tions of the Department of Herpetology, Zoological Differences between populations were studied in Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. All specimens two species, represented by more than one sample. In S. of Ranodon sibiricus were obtained from the Almaty keyserlingii, ten samples were allocated to two main, Zoo (Kazakhstan), and after preparation of blood sam- distinct groups with different genome sizes (Table 1 and ples, the live salamanders were sent to the Moscow Zoo. Fig. 1). The geographic distribution of these two groups 2004 Asiatic Herpetological Research Vol. 10, p. 284 Table 1. Locality of origin ("Lat" is latitude, and "Lon" is longitude), sample size, genome size (in picograms; SD is standard deviation) with the coefficient of variation (CV; in percents) for 13 populations of three hynobiid species. Province/Region Locality Lat Lon n Mean SD Range CV Salamandrella keyserlingii (Russia) The "Euro-Siberian" group 1 Nizhny Novgorod Pizhma 57°52' 47°05' 5 66.7 0.2 66.5 - 66.9 0.3 2 Udmurtia Chur 57°06' 52°59' 10 67.5 0.4 66.7 - 68.1 0.6 3 Ekaterinburg Ekaterinburg 56°51' 60°43' 15 66.6 0.5 65.5 - 67.7 0.8 4 Tomsk Tomsk 56°31' 84°58' 11 66.6 0.6 66.0 - 68.0 0.9 5 Yakutia Khandyga 62°39' 135°33' 2 67.8 67.5 - 68.0 6 Kamchatka Petropavlovsk 53°02' 158°38' 1 66.8 7 Kurile Islands Paramushir Island 50°41' 156°07' 2 67.1 66.8 - 67.4 8 Sakhalin Island Aniva 46°43' 142°31' 2 66.5 66.3 - 66.6 TOTAL (for the group) 48 66.9 0.6 65.5 - 68.1 0.9 The "Primorsky" type 9 Primorsky Kedrovaya Pad' Reserve 43°07' 131°32' 11 64.8 0.3 64.4 - 65.2 0.4 10 Primorsky Ussuriysk Reserve 43°38' 132°09' 2 64.8 64.7 - 64.8 TOTAL (for the group) 13 64.8 0.2 64.4 - 65.2 0.4 TOTAL (for the species) 61 66.4 1.0 64.4 - 68.1 1.5 Onychodactylus fischeri (Russia) 11 Primorsky Ussuriysk Reserve 43°38' 132°09' 7 107.7 0.7 106.7 - 109.0 0.7 Ranodon sibiricus (Kazakhstan) 12 Taldy-Kurgan Oy-Saz River 44°51' 79°02' 10 54.8 0.2 54.5 - 55.1 0.3 13 Taldy-Kurgan Borokhudzir River 44°30' 79°28' 10 56.0 0.6 55.1 - 56.7 1.0 TOTAL 20 55.4 0.7 54.5 - 56.7 1.3 Table 2. The genome size (GS; in picograms) of hynobiids, referred by some authors. Species Locality GS Reference Hynobius (Hynobius) dunni unknown 33.762 Olmo, 1973 H. (H.) nebulosus unknown 38.402 Olmo, 1973 H. (H.) tsuensis unknown 32.962 Olmo, 1973 H. (Satobius) retardatus unknown 38.312 Olmo, 1973 H. (Pseudosalamandra) naevis unknown 40.902 Olmo, 1973 Onychodactylus fischeri Ussuriysk Reserve 45.52 Mazin, 1978 -//- 95.081 Vinogradov, 1998 -//- 107.71 Present paper O. japonicus unknown 102-1062 Olmo, 1983 Paradactylodon gorganensis Shirabad cave 34.771 Stöck, 1999 P. mustersi unknown 43.32 Morescalchi et al., 1979 Ranodon sibiricus Tekeli 50.72 Morescalchi et al., 1979 -//- 45.5911 Vinogradov, 1998 2 localities 55.41 Present paper Salamandrella keyserlingii Yakutia 42.52 Mazin, 1978 Ekaterinburg 42.32 Morescalchi et al., 1979 unknown 382 Grafodatsky and Grigoriev, 1982 Ekaterinburg 33.23 Vladychenskaya et al., 1988 -//- 55.4811 Vinogradov, 1998 10 localities 66.411 Present paper 1Flow cytometry; 2Feulgen's densitometry; 3Kinetics reassociation. Vol. 10, p. 285 Asiatic Herpetological Research 2004 Table 3. Genome size (2C), range of egg diameters (mm), and time of embryonic ("Embr.") and larval ("Larv.") devel- opment (days) in some hynobiids. Taxon 2C Reference Egg Embr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Caudata: Hynobiidae): Heterochronies and Reductions
    65 (1): 117 – 130 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2015. 4.5.2015 Development of the bony skeleton in the Taiwan salamander, Hynobius formosanus Maki, 1922 (Caudata: Hynobiidae): Heterochronies and reductions Anna B. Vassilieva 1 *, June-Shiang Lai 2, Shang-Fang Yang 2, Yu-Hao Chang 1 & Nikolay A. Poyarkov, Jr. 1 1 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia — 2 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4 Tingchou Rd., Taipei 11677, Taiwan, R.O.C. — *Cor- responding author; vassil.anna(at)gmail.com Accepted 19.ii.2015. Published online at www.senckenberg.de / vertebrate-zoology on 4.v.2015. Abstract The development of the bony skeleton in a partially embryonized lotic-breeding salamander Hynobius formosanus is studied using the ontogenetic series from late embryos to postmetamorphic juveniles and adult specimen. Early stages of skull development in this spe- cies are compared with the early cranial ontogeny in two non-embryonized lentic-breeding species H. lichenatus and H. nigrescens. The obtained results show that skeletal development distinguishes H. formosanus from other hynobiids by a set of important features: 1) the reduction of provisory ossifications (complete absence of palatine and reduced state of coronoid), 2) alteration of a typical sequence of ossification appearance, namely, the delayed formation of vomer and coronoid, and 3) the absence of a separate ossification center of a lacrimal and formation of a single prefrontolacrimal. These unique osteological characters in H. formosanus are admittedly connected with specific traits of its life history, including partial embryonization, endogenous feeding until the end of metamorphosis and relatively short larval period.
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
    AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Salamandrella Keyserlingii, Amphibia, Caudata) and the Cryptic Species S
    Entomological Review, Vol. 85, Suppl. 2, 2005, pp. S240–S253. Translated from Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 84, no. 11, 2005. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Berman, Derenko, Malyarchuk, Grzybowski, Kryukov, Miscicka-Sliwka. English Translation Copyright © 2005 by Pleiades Publishing, Inc. Intraspecific Genetic Differentiation of the Siberian Newt (Salamandrella keyserlingii, Amphibia, Caudata) and the Cryptic Species S. schrenckii from Southeastern Russia D. I. Berman*, M. V. Derenko*, B. A. Malyarchuk*, T. Grzybowski**, A. P. Kryukov***, and D. Miscicka-Sliwka** *Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000 Russia e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] **Forensic Medicine Institute, Ludwik Rydygier Medical University, Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Poland ***Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia Received March 16, 2005 Abstract—The nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in the Siberian newt Salaman- drella keyserlingii Dybowski 1870 from the populations of the Ural Mountains, Magadan oblast, Chukchi Pen- insula, Sakhalin Island, and Primorskii krai are analyzed. It is shown that in most populations studied (except for Primorskii krai), a low geographic variation in morphological characters corresponds to a low level of genetic variation (0.38% in the combined sample from the Magadan, Sakhalin, Chukchi, and Ural populations). Different scenarios for the origin of the genetically and morphologically homogeneous hyperpopulation are dis- cussed, taking into account the obvious lack of genetic exchange between the marginal populations of the range. They involve the rapid formation of the species range in the Holocene, which followed its gradual development in the Pleistocene; unidirectional stabilizing selection within the entire range; the maintenance of variation at a stable level by mixing of the population during the dispersal of the young and, possibly, by group fertilization.
    [Show full text]
  • 3Systematics and Diversity of Extant Amphibians
    Systematics and Diversity of 3 Extant Amphibians he three extant lissamphibian lineages (hereafter amples of classic systematics papers. We present widely referred to by the more common term amphibians) used common names of groups in addition to scientifi c Tare descendants of a common ancestor that lived names, noting also that herpetologists colloquially refer during (or soon after) the Late Carboniferous. Since the to most clades by their scientifi c name (e.g., ranids, am- three lineages diverged, each has evolved unique fea- bystomatids, typhlonectids). tures that defi ne the group; however, salamanders, frogs, A total of 7,303 species of amphibians are recognized and caecelians also share many traits that are evidence and new species—primarily tropical frogs and salaman- of their common ancestry. Two of the most defi nitive of ders—continue to be described. Frogs are far more di- these traits are: verse than salamanders and caecelians combined; more than 6,400 (~88%) of extant amphibian species are frogs, 1. Nearly all amphibians have complex life histories. almost 25% of which have been described in the past Most species undergo metamorphosis from an 15 years. Salamanders comprise more than 660 species, aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult, and even spe- and there are 200 species of caecilians. Amphibian diver- cies that lay terrestrial eggs require moist nest sity is not evenly distributed within families. For example, sites to prevent desiccation. Thus, regardless of more than 65% of extant salamanders are in the family the habitat of the adult, all species of amphibians Plethodontidae, and more than 50% of all frogs are in just are fundamentally tied to water.
    [Show full text]
  • The Global Amphibian Trade Flows Through Europe: the Need for Enforcing and Improving Legislation
    Biodivers Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10531-016-1193-8 REVIEW PAPER The global amphibian trade flows through Europe: the need for enforcing and improving legislation 1 2 3,4 Mark Auliya • Jaime Garcı´a-Moreno • Benedikt R. Schmidt • 1 5 6 Dirk S. Schmeller • Marinus S. Hoogmoed • Matthew C. Fisher • 7 1 8 Frank Pasmans • Klaus Henle • David Bickford • An Martel7 Received: 15 December 2015 / Revised: 11 August 2016 / Accepted: 13 August 2016 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract The global amphibian trade is suspected to have brought several species to the brink of extinction, and has led to the spread of amphibian pathogens. Moreover, inter- national trade is not regulated for *98 % of species. Here we outline patterns and com- plexity underlying global amphibian trade, highlighting some loopholes that need to be addressed, focusing on the European Union. In spite of being one of the leading amphibian importers, the EU’s current legislation is insufficient to prevent overharvesting of those species in demand or the introduction and/or spread of amphibian pathogens into captive and wild populations. We suggest steps to improve the policy (implementation and enforcement) framework, including (i) an identifier specifically for amphibians in the Communicated by David Hawksworth. This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Biodiversity legal instruments and regulations. & Mark Auliya [email protected] & Jaime Garcı´a-Moreno [email protected] 1 Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research,
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Skull Morphology in Two Species of Genus Liua (Amphibia: Urodela: Hynobiidae), L
    Asian Herpetological Research 2016, 7(2): 112–121 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.150055 Comparison of Skull Morphology in Two Species of Genus Liua (Amphibia: Urodela: Hynobiidae), L. shihi and L. tsinpaensis Jianli XIONG1, 2*, Xiuying LIU3 and Xiaomei ZHANG3 1 Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China 2 Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China 3 School of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China Abstract Skull characteristics play an important role in the systematics of tailed salamanders. In this study, the skulls of Liua shihi and L. tsinpaensis were compared using a clearing and double-staining technique. The results showed that in L. tsinpaensis, the vomerine tooth rows are in a “ ” shape, the length of the inner vomerine tooth series is nearly equal to that of the outer series, the vomerine tooth rows do not extend beyond the choanae, an ossified articular bone is absent, the basibranchial is rod shaped, the radial loops exhibit a figure-eight shape, the cornua has two cylindrical branches, the urohyal is rod shaped, and the end of the ceratohyal is not ossified; these features differ considerably from those of L. shihi. The ossification of the posterior portion of the ceratohyal and the present or absent of ossified articular might represent ecological adaptation to feeding in different environments. Keywords Liua shihi, Liua tsinpaensis, morphology, adaptation, systematics 1. Introduction based on specimens from Hou-tseng-tze, Chouchih Hsien, and Shensi (Shanxi), China (Hu et al., 1966).
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Profile
    Ecosystem Profile Mountains of Central Asia Biodiversity Hotspot Draft for Submission to the CEPF Donor Council 13 July 2017 On behalf of: Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) Drafted by the ecosystem profiling team: Zoï Environment Network Viktor Novikov Regional team leader of the Ecosystem Profile preparation Firuza Illarionova (PhD) Deputy team leader of the Ecosystem Profile preparation Otto Simonett (PhD) Director and Supervisor Geoff Hughes Editor and Writer Aigerim Abdyzhaparova Profile Assistant Vlad Sibagatulin GIS expert and Cartographer Maria Libert Creative Designer Scientific and practice advisors Penny Langhammer (PhD) Terra Consilium, USA Stephanie Ward (PhD) Royal Society for Birds Protection, UK Olga B. Pereladova (PhD) WWF, Russia Elena Kreuzberg (PhD) Holarctic Bridges, Canada CEPF supervisors Dan Rothberg Mountains of Central Asia supervisor and Grant Director Olivier Langrand Executive Director Jack Tordoff Managing Director China expert team Jilili Abuduwaili (Prof.) Institute of Ecology and Geography, Academy of Sciences (team leader) Nurbayi Abudushalike (Prof.) College of Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University Shen Hao (Dr. Candidate) Institute of Ecology and Geography, Academy of Sciences Alimu Saimaiti (Prof.) Institute of Ecology and Geography, Academy of Sciences, GIS expert Ma Long (Prof.) Institute of Ecology and Geography, Academy of Sciences Kazakhstan expert team Kuralay Karibaeva (PhD) Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (team leader) Arkadi Rodionov Institute of Ecology and
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography, Species Distribution Modelling, Mitochondrial Genome Evolution and Conservation of the Fijian Frogs (Ceratobatrachidae )
    PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELLING, MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME EVOLUTION AND CONSERVATION OF THE FIJIAN FROGS (CERATOBATRACHIDAE ) by Tamara Osborne-Naikatini A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Copyright © 2015 by Tamara Osborne-Naikatini School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment The University of the South Pacific August 2015 DECLARATION Statement by the Author I, Tamara Osborne-Naikatini, declare that this thesis is my own work and that to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published, or substantially overlapping with material submitted for the award of any degree at any institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. Signature ……………………………………. Date ……………………………. Name ……………………………………………………………………………………... Student ID No ……………………………………………………………………….... Statement by Supervisor The research in this thesis was performed under my supervision and to my knowledge is the sole work of the Ms. Tamara Osborne-Naikatini. Signature ……………………………………. Date ……………………………. Name ……………………………………………………………………………………... Designation ………………………………………………………………………….... Dedication “When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things. For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. And now abideth faith, hope, love, these three; but the greatest of these is love.” Corinthians 13 Verses 11-13 (Saint James Bible) This thesis is dedicated to my late father, William Osborne… Daddy this is for you. i Acknowledgements I owe much to all the kind people who have supported me throughout the many years it took to birth this manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4) 195-209 (2003)
    Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4) 195-209 (2003) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Variation in number of trunk vertebrae and in of costal in count grooves salamanders of the family Hynobiidae S.N. Litvinchuk¹ & L.J. Borkin² Institute Russian 194064 St. 1 of Cytology, Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, Petersburg, Russia, e- 2 mail: [email protected]; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Hynobiidae, trunk vertebrae, costal grooves Abstract Introduction Ten from five of the Hynobiidae were modem tailed species genera family Among amphibians, the family Hyno- studied. The number of trunk vertebrae varied between 14 and biidae (about 40 species), distributed predominantly and the of costal from 10 15. Both 21, count grooves ranged to in temperate Asia, is an early diverged branch, which the within-species variation and the within-population varia- retains characters Duellman tion the values of many primitive (e.g., were recorded in some species. In both kinds the coefficient of low. Salamandrella & Larson Based variation were quite In Trueb, 1986; & Dimmick, 1993). the south-eastern differed from keyserlingii, samples markedly on recent studies (Fei & Ye, 2000a; Fu et al., 2001), remaining ones. the the genus Onychodactylus Among hynobiids, ten of the approximately genera hynobiids could number (both species) and Batrachuperus mustersi have higher be The genus is the richest ofvertebrae in the anterior oftrunk and recognized. Hynobius part (5 4, respectively, one and consists of about 22 which versus 3), and, thus, demonstrated a distinct position. The rela- species, may tion between the number of trunk vertebrae and the count of be arranged in three subgenera (Matsui et al., 1992; costal studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/10/2021 04:29:29AM Via Free Access 196 S.N
    Contributions to Zoology, 72 (4) 195-209 (2003) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Variation in number of trunk vertebrae and in of costal in count grooves salamanders of the family Hynobiidae S.N. Litvinchuk¹ & L.J. Borkin² Institute Russian 194064 St. 1 of Cytology, Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, Petersburg, Russia, e- 2 mail: [email protected]; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Hynobiidae, trunk vertebrae, costal grooves Abstract Introduction Ten from five of the Hynobiidae were modem tailed species genera family Among amphibians, the family Hyno- studied. The number of trunk vertebrae varied between 14 and biidae (about 40 species), distributed predominantly and the of costal from 10 15. Both 21, count grooves ranged to in temperate Asia, is an early diverged branch, which the within-species variation and the within-population varia- retains characters Duellman tion the values of many primitive (e.g., were recorded in some species. In both kinds the coefficient of low. Salamandrella & Larson Based variation were quite In Trueb, 1986; & Dimmick, 1993). the south-eastern differed from keyserlingii, samples markedly on recent studies (Fei & Ye, 2000a; Fu et al., 2001), remaining ones. the the genus Onychodactylus Among hynobiids, ten of the approximately genera hynobiids could number (both species) and Batrachuperus mustersi have higher be The genus is the richest ofvertebrae in the anterior oftrunk and recognized. Hynobius part (5 4, respectively, one and consists of about 22 which versus 3), and, thus, demonstrated a distinct position. The rela- species, may tion between the number of trunk vertebrae and the count of be arranged in three subgenera (Matsui et al., 1992; costal studied.
    [Show full text]
  • Convenio Sobre El Comercio Internacional De Especies Amenazadas De Fauna Y Flora Silvestre (Tortugas)
    CONVENIO SOBRE EL COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL DE ESPECIES AMENAZADAS DE FAUNA Y FLORA SILVESTRE (TORTUGAS) 1159056 Sara Domenech Soria 1160066 Jennifer Rebeca Escalona 1158262 Gemma Feliz Minguillón ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN --------------------------------------------------- pág 3 2. LEGISLACIÓN ------------------------------------------------------ pág 4 2.1. Tractados Internacionales pág 4 2.1.1. CITES pág 5 2.1.2. Apéndices: I, II, III pág 5 2.2 Tratados comunitarios pág 5 2.2.1 Legislación comunitaria pág 5 2.2.2 Aplicación en la UE pág 6 2.3 Tratados nacionales pág 7 2.3.1 Legislación nacional pág 7 2.3.2 Legislación sancionadora pág 8 2.4 Tratados autonómicos pág 8 2.4.1 Legislación autonómica de Cataluña pág 8 3. AUTORIDADES COMPETENTES ----------------------------------- pág 9 3.1 Autoridades en España pág 9 3.1.1 Autoridad Administrativa principal pág 9 3.1.2 Autoridad Administrativa adicional pág 10 3.1.3 Autoridad Científica pág 10 4. LISTA DE ESPECIES ----------------------------------------------- pág 12 5. PROCEDIMIENTO LEGAL IMPORTACIÓN/EXPORTACIÓN -------- pág 25 5.1 Permiso de importación pág 25 5.2 Permiso de exportación y (re)exportación pág 25 5.3 Certificado comunitario pág 26 6. ENCUESTAS ------------------------------------------------------- pág 28 6.1. Propietarios pág 28 6.2. Tiendas pág 29 6.3. Veterinarios pág 30 6.4. Resultados y conclusiones pág 30 7. ARTÍCULOS DE PRENSA ------------------------------------------ pág 35 8. ANEXOS ----------------------------------------------------------- CD 8.1. Anexo I: CITES 8.2. Anexo II: Legislación comunitaria 8.3. Anexo III: Legislación nacional 8.4. Anexo IV: Legislación autonómica 2 1. INTRODUCCIÓN La problemática actual que envuelve la disminución poblacional de las especies de tortugas es compleja.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Rare and Endangered Amphibians and Reptiles in Primorsky Krai (Far East, Russia)
    Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука 2018. 3(Suppl.1): 61–72 DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2018.052 DISTRIBUTION OF RARE AND ENDANGERED AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN PRIMORSKY KRAI (FAR EAST, RUSSIA) Irina V. Maslova1, Ekaterina Yu. Portnyagina2, Darja A. Sokolova2, Polina A. Vorobieva2, Mikhail V. Akulenko3, Arseniy S. Portnyagin2,4, Alexey A. Somov5 1Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Russia e-mail: [email protected] 2Far Eastern Federal University, Russia e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 3Gidrotekhnika Ltd., Russia e-mail: [email protected] 4Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Russia e-mail: [email protected] 5Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received: 20.04.2018 Information is given on new findings of five rare and endangered species of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting the Primorsky Krai: Onychodactylus fischeri, Pelodiscus maackii, Takydromus wolteri, Oocatochus rufodorsa- tus and Hebius vibakari. New locations are presented for the studied amphibians and reptiles. For the first time, Onychodactylus fischeri is reported here for the Partizanky Ridge, thus expanding its known habitat range in the south-western direction. Data on Takydromus wolteri, Oocatochus rufodorsatus and Hebius vibakari findings in western Primorsky Krai are provided for the first time. Habitat borders ofTakydromus wolteri in the northern part of its distribution has been updated in various directions: to the west (Khankaysky District), north (Kras- noarmeysky District) and northeast (Olginsky District). The current model of habitat range and breeding places of Khankaysky population of Pelodiscus maackii has been demonstrated, taking into account submerging sandy spits on the western coast of Lake Khanka in 2014–2017.
    [Show full text]