FUN for EVERYONE: the EMERGENCE of POPULAR CULTURE MUSEUMS Jo-El M. Smith a Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina
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FUN FOR EVERYONE: THE EMERGENCE OF POPULAR CULTURE MUSEUMS Jo-el M. Smith A Thesis Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of North Carolina Wilmington 2012 Approved by Advisory Committee Candice Bredbenner Glen Harris Tammy S. Gordon Chair Accepted by Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION............................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1 – IN THE BEGINNING: THE EXISTING LITERATURE .....................................1 CHAPTER 2 – LOOK AT ME RELIQUARY MUSEUMS: THE BEGINNING OF POPULAR CULTURE MUSEUMS ................................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 3 – VARIETY: POPULAR CULTURE MUSEUMS FROM HERE TO THERE ....49 CHAPTER 4 – ‘EXPERIENCE’ MUSEUMS: A MORE RECENT DEVELOPMENT..............76 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................101 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................105 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the development of popular culture museums happened as private individuals and organizations wanted to display their collections in a public forum. I studied magazines, journals, and newspaper coverage to ascertain why popular culture museums emerged. To see how popular culture museums reached the public, analysis of local area websites, tour guides, press releases, and other popular media was also researched. No specialized research had been done on popular culture museums as a whole previously. This thesis argued that as more popular culture museums opened, they transformed from being primarily object focused to narrative focused, at the same time that museums and popular culture studies fields professionalized. The opening of popular culture museums helped validate the academic field of popular culture by exposing the serious side of the topic, while the popular culture research by academics provided the basis of interpretation in museums. Similarly, the emphasis on fun and pleasure in popular culture museums helped other types of museums to become more visitor friendly, playful places, while the popular culture museums still served a larger purpose by preserving the history of their subject. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks go to my parents for their constant love and encouragement. I know my parents will celebrate the completion of this thesis as much as I will. I also want to thank my brother, grandparents, coworkers, and friends who kept asking about my thesis. Thank you for helping me along the way. Thank you to my fellow students for their friendship and support. I am particularly grateful to my “person” Christine Jamet-Lamberton for keeping me focused when I needed it and distracted when I needed that too, and for providing friendship and support during my time in Wilmington. Many thanks to my thesis reading group that helped me develop my thesis. We were each other’s biggest cheerleaders and critics. Your advice, help, constructive criticism, and passion have helped to shape the public historian I am and my work today. I would like to thank the Interlibrary Loan office staff at University of North Carolina Wilmington that helped me track down all the news articles pertaining to popular culture museums. Without their help I never would have been able to find the information to make my thesis possible. I also wish to thank the faculty and staff of the Department of History, for their encouragement and enthusiasm in my career as a graduate student. Particularly, I would like to express my appreciation and gratitude to Tammy Grady for providing kind, encouraging words when I needed them and always pointing me in the right direction when I had questions. Lastly, I would like to thank my thesis committee: Tammy Gordon, Candice Bredbenner, and Glen Harris. Dr. Gordon’s extensive knowledge and zeal for public history was inspirational to her students and motivated me when I needed it most. Without Tammy’s insight and support I would never have been able to understand what I wanted to say. Many thanks to Dr. Bredbenner and Dr. Harris for the support and constructive feedback that challenged me to further explore iv my themes and conclusions. v DEDICATION For Mum and Terry. Thank you for all your love, support, encouragement, and nagging. vi LIST OF FIUGRES Figure Page 1. Locations of Look at Me Reliquary Popular Culture Museums................................................21 2. Buffalo Bill Museum And Grave...............................................................................................23 3. Country Music Hall Of Fame And Museum .............................................................................25 4. Delta Blues Museum..................................................................................................................32 5. Cartoon Art Museum .................................................................................................................40 6. Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame And Museum .............................................................................42 7. Locations of Variety Popular Culture Museums .......................................................................50 8. McDonald’s Museum ................................................................................................................51 9. New Orleans Voodoo Museum..................................................................................................53 10. Fairmount Historical Museum ................................................................................................55 11. Ava Gardner Museum.............................................................................................................57 12. Houdini Historical Society......................................................................................................60 13. Museum of Comic And Cartoon Art ......................................................................................63 14. Spam Museum ........................................................................................................................65 15. Geppi’s Entertainment Museum .............................................................................................68 16. Charles M. Schulz Museum And Research Center.................................................................70 17. Locations Of ‘Experience’ Popular Culture Museums...........................................................77 18. Newseum ................................................................................................................................78 19. Eisner Museum Of Advertising And Design..........................................................................81 20. Experience Music Project .......................................................................................................83 21. Science Fiction Museum.........................................................................................................85 vii 22. International Spy Museum......................................................................................................87 23. Pirate Soul Museum................................................................................................................90 24. Harley-Davidson Museum......................................................................................................93 25. Grammy Museum ...................................................................................................................95 viii CHAPTER 1 IN THE BEGINNING: THE EXISTING LITERATURE Popular culture includes the ideas, attitudes, images, sounds, and videos that dominate mainstream culture. According to Steve Geppi, owner of Diamond Comic Distributors and founder of Geppi’s Entertainment Museum in Baltimore, Maryland, the contributions of popular culture not only teach about politics, innovations, and culture, but also provide “relief in times of trouble.”1 Popular culture was heavily influenced by mass media and infused into everyday life through comic books, television, and the Internet, just to name a few. Popular culture has even become an academic field, coming from a mix of communication and cultural studies, which concentrated on a critical theory perspective.2 Popular culture studies programs and museums developed concurrently. Popular culture covered a broad range of subjects. For the purpose of this thesis, popular culture museums were museums that dealt with music, art forms, film, entertainment, food, people, advertising, and automobiles through displaying objects or trying to tell a story. All popular culture museums provided fun because popular culture was about pleasure. Popular culture became popular culture because people enjoy and talk about it. While there were many different aspects of popular