ICS GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE PHANEROZOIC CENOZOIC MESOZOIC PALEOZOIC AGE Period Epoch Stage Polarity AGE Duration AGE Polarity AGE Duration AGE Period Epoch Stage Polarity AGE Duration (Ma) Chron (Ma) m.y. (Ma) Period Epoch Stage Chron (Ma) m.y. (Ma) Chron (Ma) m.y. 0 Holocene Changhsingian 251.0 2.8 C30 65.5 255 253.8 Pleisto- C1 1.81 Maastrichtian 5.1 Lopingian Wuchiapingian 6.6 cene 70 C31 1.81 70.6 260 260.4 e Gelasian 0.78 C32 Guada- Capitanian 5.4 n L 2.59 265 265.8 e Piacenzian C2 1.01 75 lupian Wordian 268.0 2.2 c 3.60 270 Roadian 270.6 2.6 o 12.9 i Campanian
l Kungurian 5 E Zanclean 1.73 C33 275 5 P 5.33 80 275.6 280 Artinskian 8.8 C3 1.92 Late Messinian 83.5 284.4 85 Santonian C34 2.3 285 Cisuralian 7.25 85.8 P e r m i a n Coniacian 3.5 290 Sakmarian 10.2
e L C4 90 89.3 295 294.6 4.2 Asselian 4.4 n Tortonian 4.35 Turonian 10 93.5 300 299.0 e Gzhelian 4.9 95 S u p e r z o n 303.9 K a r t m y s h i n 305 L a t e Kasimovian 2.6 g Cenomanian 6.1 306.5 Middle
e 11.61 Moscovian 5.2 o 310 100 99.6 311.7 n P e n - e Serravallian 2.05 315 Early Bashkirian 6.4 s y l v a n i e 318.1 N 13.65 c M 105 320
o C5 Serpukhovian Albian 12.4 S u p e r z o n 8.3 L a t e i 15 Langhian 2.32 325 D e b a l t s v i n ( " C r e t a c o u s Q i Z n ) 326.4 M 15.97 110 330 112.0 C r e t a c o u s N m l - P i y S p h n 335 C r e t a c o u s Visean 18.9 115 4.46 M"-1r" 340 M i d l e Burdigalian (ISEA) Aptian 13.0 345 345.3
E 120 i k h v n a M i s p a n 20 Early 350 T S u p e r z o n 20.43 C a r b o n i f e u s Tournaisian 13.9
M0r 355 E a r l y 125 125.0 Aquitanian C6 2.6 M1 360 359.2 Barremian M3 5.0 23.03 130 130.0 365 M5/ Famennian 15.3 6.4 370 mixed Hauterivian M10 Late polarity A u s t r a l i
135 - C7 375 mixed 374.5
136.4 polarity ( s c h e m a t i ) M11 W 25 L Chattian 5.37 Valanginian M12/ 3.8 380 Frasnian 10.8 e C8 140 M15 140.2 385 385.3
n M16 mixed Berriasian M17 5.3 Givetian polarity 6.5 e 390 C9 145 Middle c M18/ 145.5 391.8 395 Eifelian 5.7 o 28.4 M21 C10 Tithonian 5.3 397.5 g 400
i 150 M22 D e v o n i a l Emsian 9.5 30 M23/ 150.8 C11 3.7 405 O Late Kimmeridgian M25 Early 407.0 155 Pragian 4.2 E Rupelian 5.5 M26/ 155.7 410 411.2 C12 M32 415 Lochkovian 4.8 Oxfordian 6.7 " S a y n ( R ) h p e r c o 416.0 160 M33/ Pridoli 418.7 2.7 420 Ludfordian 2.6 M37 161.2 Ludlow Gorstian 421.3 1.6 33.9 England 3.5 Homerian 422.9 C13/ Callovian 425 Wenlock 3.3 165 France 164.7 Sheinwoodian 426.2 2 35 C16 Bathonian 3.0 430 428.2 L Priabonian 3.3 Southern 167.7 Telychian 7.8 Middle Spain 435 170 Bajocian 3.9 Llandovery Aeronian 436.0 no 3 C17 37.2 Southern 171.6 440 data 439.0 S i l u r a n Rhuddanian Aalenian Switzer- 4.0 443.7 4.7 175 land 445 Hirnantian 445.6 1.9 Bartonian 3.2 175.6
C18 J u r a s i c 450 10.2
e Late 40 180 Toarcian 7.4 S p a i n , 455
40.4 F r a n c e ,
n 455.8 C19 S w i t z e r l a n d 183.0 5.1 e 460 460.9 185 g Pliensbachian 6.6 465 Darriwilian 7.2 l a n d , Middle
Early N - I t a l y o M 468.1 S - w i t z e r e C20 470 190 189.6 3.7
e 471.8 n l 475 6.8 e Lutetian 8.2 6.9 45 a Sinemurian western 478.6 c 195 480 Early
Austria O r d o v i c a n P o 196.5 Tremadocian 9.7 3.1 485 E C21 Hettangian 200 199.6 490 488.3 Rhaetian 4.0 48.6 E24/ 203.6 495 Furongian 14.7 205 E18 500 Paibian 50 C22 501 505 210 E17 12.9 Middle 10 Norian E16 C23 510 Ypresian 7.2 E15 513 E 215 Late E14 515 216.5 E13 520 C24 220 E12/ 525 55 E10 11.5 Early 29 Carnian C a m b r i n 55.8 E9 530 225 E8 535
2.9 r i a s c 228.0 L Thanetian C25 E7 540 542.0
230 T
e E6/E2 58.7 9.0
n Ladinian Greece, 60 e 235 Italy, For details see "A Geologic Time Scale 2004" by F. M. c M Selandian C26 3.0 Middle Austria 237.0 Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, A. G. Smith, et al. (2004) with
o and Turkey e 61.7 240 Cambridge University Press, and the official website of l Anisian Albania, 8.0 a C27 Greece, the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)
P Poland 245 245.0 under www.stratigraphy.org . E Danian C28 3.8 Canadian Olenekian Arctic 4.7 This chart is copyright protected; no reproduction of any 65 Early 249.7 parts may take place without written permission by the ICS. C29 65.5 250 Induan 251.0 1.3
Neogene Paleogene Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian
0 23 65.5 145.5 199.6 251 299 359.2 416 443.7 488.3 542 Ma Copyright © 2004 International Commission on Stratigraphy