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ICS GEOLOGIC SCALE Period Polarity AGE Duration AGE Polarity AGE Duration AGE Period Epoch Stage Polarity AGE Duration (Ma) Chron (Ma) m.y. (Ma) Period Epoch Stage Chron (Ma) m.y. (Ma) Chron (Ma) m.y. 0 251.0 2.8 C30 65.5 255 253.8 Pleisto- C1 1.81 5.1 6.6 cene 70 C31 1.81 70.6 260 260.4 e 0.78 C32 Guada- 5.4 n L 2.59 265 265.8 e C2 1.01 75 lupian 268.0 2.2 c 3.60 270 270.6 2.6 o 12.9 i

l 5 E 1.73 C33 275 5 P 5.33 80 275.6 280 8.8 C3 1.92 Late 83.5 284.4 85 C34 2.3 285 7.25 85.8 P e r m i a n 3.5 290 10.2

e L C4 90 89.3 295 294.6 4.2 4.4 n 4.35 10 93.5 300 299.0 e 4.9 95 S u p e r z o n 303.9 K a r t m y s h i n 305 L a t e 2.6 g 6.1 306.5 Middle

e 11.61 Moscovian 5.2 o 310 100 99.6 311.7 n P e n - e 2.05 315 Early 6.4 s y l v a n i e 318.1 N 13.65 c M 105 320

o C5 12.4 S u p e r z o n 8.3 L a t e i 15 2.32 325 D e b a l t s v i n ( " C r e t a c o u s Q i Z n ) 326.4 M 15.97 110 330 112.0 C r e t a c o u s N m l - P i y S p h n 335 C r e t a c o u s Visean 18.9 115 4.46 M"-1r" 340 M i d l e (ISEA) 13.0 345 345.3

E 120 i k h v n a M i s p a n 20 Early 350 T S u p e r z o n 20.43 C a r b o n i f e u s 13.9

M0r 355 E a r l y 125 125.0 C6 2.6 M1 360 359.2 M3 5.0 23.03 130 130.0 365 M5/ 15.3 6.4 370 mixed M10 Late polarity A u s t r a l i

135 - C7 375 mixed 374.5

136.4 polarity ( s c h e m a t i ) M11 W 25 L 5.37 M12/ 3.8 380 10.8 e C8 140 M15 140.2 385 385.3

n M16 mixed M17 5.3 polarity 6.5 e 390 C9 145 Middle c M18/ 145.5 391.8 395 5.7 o 28.4 M21 C10 5.3 397.5 g 400

i 150 M22 D e v o n i a l 9.5 30 M23/ 150.8 C11 3.7 405 O Late M25 Early 407.0 155 4.2 E 5.5 M26/ 155.7 410 411.2 C12 M32 415 4.8 6.7 " S a y n ( R ) h p e r c o 416.0 160 M33/ Pridoli 418.7 2.7 420 2.6 M37 161.2 421.3 1.6 33.9 3.5 422.9 C13/ 425 Wenlock 3.3 165 164.7 426.2 2 35 C16 3.0 430 428.2 L 3.3 Southern 167.7 7.8 Middle 435 170 3.9 Llandovery 436.0 no 3 C17 37.2 Southern 171.6 440 data 439.0 S i l u r a n Switzer- 4.0 443.7 4.7 175 land 445 445.6 1.9 3.2 175.6

C18 J u r a s i c 450 10.2

e Late 40 180 7.4 S p a i n , 455

40.4 F r a n c e ,

n 455.8 C19 S w i t z e r l a n d 183.0 5.1 e 460 460.9 185 g 6.6 465 7.2 l a n d , Middle

Early N - I t a l y o M 468.1 S - w i t z e r e C20 470 190 189.6 3.7

e 471.8 n l 475 6.8 e 8.2 6.9 45 a western 478.6 c 195 480 Early

Austria O r d o v i c a n P o 196.5 9.7 3.1 485 E C21 200 199.6 490 488.3 4.0 48.6 E24/ 203.6 495 14.7 205 E18 500 50 C22 501 505 210 E17 12.9 Middle 10 E16 C23 510 7.2 E15 513 E 215 Late E14 515 216.5 E13 520 C24 220 E12/ 525 55 E10 11.5 Early 29 C a m b r i n 55.8 E9 530 225 E8 535

2.9 r i a s c 228.0 L C25 E7 540 542.0

230 T

e E6/E2 58.7 9.0

n Greece, 60 e 235 , For details see "A 2004" by F. M. c M C26 3.0 Middle 237.0 Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, A. G. Smith, et al. (2004) with

o and e 61.7 240 Cambridge University Press, and the official website of l Albania, 8.0 a C27 Greece, the International Commission on (ICS)

P Poland 245 245.0 under www.stratigraphy.org . E C28 3.8 Canadian 4.7 This chart is copyright protected; no reproduction of any 65 Early 249.7 parts may take place without written permission by the ICS. C29 65.5 250 251.0 1.3

Neogene

0 23 65.5 145.5 199.6 251 299 359.2 416 443.7 488.3 542 Ma Copyright © 2004 International Commission on Stratigraphy