1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10469 By Mr. RAMSAY: celerated mapping and water resources basic United States to the Stockbridge Indians, be H. R. 9131. A bill to promote the national data programs to be printed as a House docu cause the land is unfit for agriculture and defense, and to insure against shortages of ment; to the Committee on House Admin incapable of supporting either red or white petroleum and petroleum products in the istration. men and because the land is part ,of Wis United States by promoting the production consin playground and summer-resort at and stockpiling of synthetic liquid fuels; traction and the gift of said land to the said to the Committee on Banking and Currency. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Stockbridge Indians would close the area for By Mr. STAGGERS: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private hunting and fishing by the sportsmen of H. R. 9132. A bill to authorize the Secre_. bills and resolutions were introduced and Wisconsin and work a hardship on both the tary of the Interior to prospect for manga sportsmen and the resort and property own nese and other resources in certain lands in severally ref erred as follows: ers who depend on the sportsmen for their West Virginia; to the Committee on Public By Mr. BAILEY: business, and the State of Wisconsin has Lands. H. R. 9142. A b111 for the relief of Mrs. Rosie spent and is spending huge sums of money to By Mr. BRYSON: Lu Hall; to the Committee on the Judiciary. protect the wildlife and plant trout and pro H. R. 9133. A bill to revise and codify the By Mr. CURTIS: tect such property from forest fires; to the laws relating to patents and the Patent Of H. R. 9143. A bill for the relief of Humi Committee on Public Lands. fice, and to enact into law title 35 of the Nagano and her child; to the CommJttee on 2262. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Dr. United States Code entitled "Patents"; to the Judiciary. John M. Chang, Ambassador, Korean Em the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DINGELL: bassy, Washington, D. C., transmitting an By Mr. NICHOLSON: H. R. 9144. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Olga appeal from the Korean Government relative H. R. 9134. A bill to amend title 46, United Kowalik and Czeslawa Kowalik; to the Com to the Korean situation and requesting in States Code, section 251; to the Committee mittee on the Judiciary. creasing aid during their national crisis; to on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. FEIGHAN: the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. SHELLEY: H. R. 9145. A bill for the relief of Tomoko 2263. Also, petition of A. Borelli, secretary, H. R. 9135. A bill to amend the Career Yamaya; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Interparliamentary Travel Association, Genes, Compensation Act o:! 1949 to provide that By Mr. FURCOLO: France, relative to an invitation to send a certain service rendered by disabled retired H. R. 9146. A bill for the relief of George delegation from Congress to attend the Inter officers be computed as double time for re M. Sanger; to the Committee on the Judi:. parliamentary Travel Congress to be held in tirement; to the Committee on Armed ciary. Paris toward the end of next November; to . Services. By Mr. HERTER: to Committee on Foreign Mairs. H. R. 9136. A bill to direct the survey and H. R. 9147. A bill for the relief of Jan repair of certain vessels in the national de Krizik; to the Committee on the Judiciary. fense reserve fleet; to the Committee on . By Mr. KLEIN: Merchant Marine and Fisheries. H. R. 9148. A bill tor the relief of Josef By Mr. SHEPPARD: Stuchal; to the Committee on the Judiciary. SENATE H. R. 9137. A bill to authorize the erection By Mr. McDONOUGH: of an addition tp the existing Veterans' Ad H. R. 9149. A bill for the relief of Dr. Colo TUESDAY, JULY 18, 1950 ministration facility, San Fernando, Calif.; man S. Perjessy; to the Committee on the to the Committee on Veterans' A1fairs. Judiciary. y Victor L. counties of the State of Wisconsin. These Madison, Wis., July 13, 1950. Schaefer, Jr., president, praying for the en delegates are elected at public meetings held Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, actment of legislation providing statehood in each county, and at the same time hear Senate Office Building, for Hawaii; ordered to lie on the table. ings are held on game and fish regulations. Washington, D. C. FORCIBLE DETENTION OF CERTAIN The regulations are considered at the county DEAH SENATOR WILEY: We have been in GREEK CHILDREN-CONCURRENT RES meetings as they pertain to each particular formed that the House has reduced the funds county. The delegates elected are instructed to the Department of Agriculture for the Re OLUTION OF NEW YORK LEGISLATURE to attend the State-wide session, known as search and Marketing Act of 1946. This Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I have the Wisconsin Conservation Congress, so that 10-percent reduction would jeopardize the the regulations may be fitted to the· state as a research in marketing activities. just received from the Secretary of the whole, thus making for uniformity and We have always felt that a man's judgment New York State Senate a copy of a con simplicity. 1s no better than his information and re current resolution approved by both As chairman of the Wisconsin Conserva search information is of vital importance houses of the New York State Legislature tion Congress, I respectfully submit this res and concern to the farmers in Wisconsin. calling attention to the kidnaping of olution for your information and considera Our State department of agriculture has tion. been using these funds and a duplicating 28,000 Greek children by Communist Very truly yours, amount from the State to carry on market forces and labeling such kidnaping as RICHARD A. HEMP, information service activities. genocide. I ask that the concurrent Chairman, Wisconsin Conservation Because of the importance of these funds resolution be appropriately referred. Congress. to Wisconsin agriculture, we urge you to c!o 10472 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 all in your power to restore the full amount. The bill lished in the Illinois State Register of July McCARRAN], chairman, the Senator from "It is significant that your action promises 15, 1950, and the other, entitled "Washing Kentucky [Mr. WITHERS], and the Sen to forge the Federal Government far ahead ton's Toughest Spot," published in the ator from Indiana [Mr. JENNER]. of both private business and State and local Quincy (Ill.) Herald Whig of July 9, 1950, governments in the improvement and reduc which appear in the Appendix.] RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE HOOVER tion of clerical operations including record CUT IN FEDERAL SPENDING-EDITORIAL COMMISSION-STATEMENT BY SEN making and record keeping. ATOR McCLELLAN "We trust that you and your colleagues FROM THE BALTIMORE SUN will not relent in your efforts to achieve (Mr. WHERRY asked and obtained leave Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I these excellent objectives during the present to h ave printed in the RECORD an editorial ask unanimous consent to have printed session of Congress." entitled "Why a $600,000,000 Slash in Non in the RECORD a statement released by When final disposition has been made of war Spending Would Be Good," published me to the press yesterday as chairman this bill and measures relating to the im in the Baltimore Sun on July.16, 1950, which of the Committee on Expenditures in provement of the fidelity bonding system of appears in the Appendix.] the Executive Departments announcing Government employees presently being studied by a subcommittee h eaded by Sen SPENDING BY FARM FAMILIES-SURVEY that the committee expected to compl~te ator HOEY, the Senate Committ ee on Ex BY FA~M JOURNAL MAGAZINE action on all proposals effectuating rec penditures in the Executive Departments [Mr. GILLETTE asked and obtained leave ommendations of the Hoover Commission will have ·completed action on all matters to have printed in the RECORD a survey by referred to the committee. pertaining to Hoover Commission recom Farm Journal Magazine, regarding spending There being no objection, the state mendations which have been referred to it. by farm families, which appears in the ment was ordered to be printed in the In addition to these measures on which Appendix.) RECORD, as follows: Senate action will be sought, the committee has reported favorably S. 3850, the Budget NONVOTERS AND CRIME-EDITORIAL STATEMENT BY SENATOR McCLELLAN and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950, and FROM THE SOMERSET (PA.) AMERICAN ,, Senator JOHN L. McCLE.LLAN, chairman ·of S. 3653, a bill providing for reorganization of [Mr. MARTIN asked and obtained leave the Senate Committee on Expenditures in the financing operations of the Bureau of to have printed in the RECORD an editorial the Executive· Departments, announced to Engraving and Printing, Department of the entitled "1'{onvoters and Crime," published day that the committee expected to com Treasury, setting up a business-type budget in the Somerset (Pa.) American of July 5, plete action on all proposals effectuating and revolving fund method of financing for 1950, which appears in the Appendix.] recommendations of the Hoover Commission the operations of the Bureau, implementing referred to the committee, in order to per Hoover Commission recommendations in its WE ARE STILL ARMING RUSSIA-EDITO mit action to be taken before adjournment report on Budgeting and Accounting; and RIAL FROM THE WASHINGTON TIMES of the Congress. S. 3147, establishing a National Commission HERALD An executive session of the committee has on Intergovernmental Relations, recom [Mr. KEM asked and obtained leave to been set for Thursday, July 20, at which mended by the Commission in its report on have printed in the RECORD an editorial en time it is expected action will be taken with Federal-State Relations, which are now pend titled "We Are Still Arming Russia," pub reference to reporting out bills dealing with ing on the Senate Calendar. lished in the Washington Times-Herald of records management improvement in the During the Eighty-first Congress, 34 re JUiy 18, 1950, which appears in the Ap General Services Administration (S. 3842), organization plans were referred to the com {>endix.] and with the bonding of Federal employees mittee. A thirty-fifth plan (No. 8 of 1949, (H. R. 8706), the only remaining legislation for the reorganization of the National Mili NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINATION OF carrying out Hoover Commission recom tary Establishment) , was incorporated in mendations pending before the committee. Public Law 216. · Two of the 34 plans referred ~~~~SD~~~ci3T~J~G~~ D~::rc~~~ The original bill establishing the General to the commit~ee were duplicating in over PUERTO RICO Services Administration was approved by the all purposes, No. 1 of 1949, and No. 27 of 1950, committee in June 1949 (Public Law No. elevating the Federal Security Agency to Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, on 152). The Citizens Committee for · the Cabinet status; and No. 1 of 1950, and No. 26 behalf of the Committee on the Judici Hoover Report, in recognition of the first of 1950, effecting reorganizations within the ary, and in accordance with the rules of anniversary of its enactment, recently Department of the Treasury. The first two the committee, I desire to give notice stated that: "The' new General Services Ad of these plans were rejected; and one (No. that a public hearing has been scheduled ministration, created from scattered agen 26) will become effective on July 31, objec for Tuesday, July 25, 1950, at 10:30 a. m., cies previously existing, already has devel tions to the original plan (No. 1) having in room 424, Senate Office Building, upon oped great efficiency in what the Hoover been removed. the nomination of Thomas H. Roberts, Commission called the 'housekeeping' func The other five plans rejected (in addition tions of the Government. Substantial to No. 1 of 1949, No. 27 of 1950, and No. 1 of of Rhode Island, to be United States savings are assured as a result of the inte 1950) were reorganizations in the Depart district judge for the district of Puerto gration and reorganization of various activ ment of AgricUlture (No. 4 of 1950), Inter Rico, vice Hon. David Chavez, Jr., ities in line with the Hoover Commission state Commerce Commission (No. 7 of 1950), resigned. At the indicated time and recommendations." The pending bill would and Federal Communications Commission place all persons interested in the nomi extend the records and buildings manage (No. 11 of 1950), the abolition of the General nation may make such representations ment authority of the Administrator of Counsel of the National Labor Relations as may be pertinent. The subcommit GSA, and includes ·amendments which Sen Board (No. 12 of 1950), and the transfer of ator McCLELLAN stated would, in his opin the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to tee consiSts of the Senator from Nevada ion, permit the Administrator to place the the Department of Commerce (No. 24 of LMr. MCCARRANJ, chairman, the Senator GSA on the most efficient administrative 1950). The net result is that in all, six of the from Kentucky [Mr. WITHERS], and the level of any agency in the entire Federal total of 34 specific reorganization proposals, Senator from Indiana [Mr. JENNER]. Government. involving eight actions, were rejected by the S. 3842 is endorsed by the General Account Congress. · NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINATION OF The committee will release, soon after the EDWARD WEINFELD TO BE UNITED ing Office, the Budget Director, and the Gen eral Services Administrator. Mr. Emmett end of the session, a complete resume of ac STATES DISTRICT JUDGE, SOUTHERN J. Leahy, Executive Director of the National tions .taken by the Eighty-first Congress in DISTRICT OF NEW YORK Records Management Council, New York, who the implementation of recommendations of was Director of the Hoover Commission Task the Hoover Commission to supplement pre Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, on vious reports prepared by the committee (S. behalf of the Committee on the Judi Force on Records Management and author of its report, wrote the chairman of the com Rept. No. 1158 and No. 1774), including ad ciary, and in accordance with the rules mittee on July 14, as follows: ministrative actions. of the committee, I desire to give notice "I have carefully reviewed S. 3842 and com THIRTY-THIRD SESSION OF INTERNA that a public hearing has been scheduled pared it with the letter and spirit of our TIONAL LABOR CONFERENCE AT GE for Tuesday, July 25, 1950, at 10 :30 a. m., recommendations for the Hoover Commis NEVA, SWITZERLAND-STATEMENT BY sion. It is gratifying to find that your bill in room 424, Senate Office Building, upon SENATOR O'CONOR the nomination of Edward Weinfeld, of is wholly consistent with our recommenda tions. New York, to be United States district Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, re "You and your colleagues on the com cently I had the pleasure of participat judge for the southern district of New mittee. are to be commended by all records ing in the International Labor Confer York, vice Hon. Simon H. Rifkind, re management specialists, your constituents, ence held at Geneva. The report of the signed. At the indicated time and place and the general public for tl-ie excellent United States delegates has been filed for all persons interested in the nomination progress you have made toward slashing red tape and clerical costs in the Federal Gov the information of the Senate, and I ask may make such representations as may ernment. At the same time, you are insur unanimous consent that a statement be pertinent. The subcommittee con ing greater effectiveness of records as tools of prepared by me covering the report be sists of the Senator from Nevada [Mr. Federal management and· service. printed in the REconD. · 10474 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 'JULY 18 There being no objection, the state The temporary president of the Confer an account of the measures which were used ment was ordered to be printed in the ence, Mr. Troclet, of Belgium, ruled that in our country during 1949 and early 1950 this protest should be referred to the cre to counteract the recession in employment RECORD, as follows: dentials committee. The delegations of Po which came about as a result of postwar in STATEMENT OF SENATOR HERBERT R. O'CONOR land, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary there ventory adjustments. Secretary Tobin also CoVERING REPORT TO UNITED STATES SENATE upon promptly withdrew from the Confer stressed the desire of the people of the ON THIRTY-THIRD SESSION OF INTERNA ence. Mr. Philip M. Kaiser, Assistant Secre United States for peace throughout the world, TIONAL LABOR CONFERENCE AT GENEVA, tary of Labor in the United States Depart and our willingness as demonstrated by the SWITZERLAND, JUNE 7-JULY 1, 1950 ment of Labor, rose immediately thereafter to Marshall plan and the point 4 program to It is a welcome pleasure again to report second the nomination of Mr. Ram as presi make sacrifices to maintain peace. Secre to the Senate on the accomplishments of dent of the Conference and pointed out very tary Tobin's visit strengthened immeasur a session of the International Labor Con forcefully that the withdrawal of the Czecho ably the position and inft.uence of the United ference. At th'3 1950 ILO Conference I had slovak, Hungarian, and Polish Governments States in the ILO. the honor of representing the United States "obviously contradicts the claim of these The discussion of unemployment problems as one of its two Government delegates. governments that they are interested in in reply to the questions raised in the report The other Government delegate was the solving the grave economic and social prob of the Director General of the International Honorable Philip M. Kaiser, Assistant Sec lems, of primary concern to working men Labor Office was followed by the adoption retary of Labor. The United States employ and women, which beset the world today." of a resolution on the subject by the Con ers' delegate was Mr. C. P. McCormick, of The credentials committee recommended ference. This resolution draws the attention McCormick & Co., Baltimore Md., and the that the Conference should take note that of the United Nations, the specialized workers' delegate, Mr. Philip D.elaney, of the under the circumstances, with two govern agencies governments, and employers and American Federation of Labor. Congress ments continuing to contend for authority workers' organizations to the types of action man AUGUSTINE B. KELLEY, of Pennsylvania, in China, the only possible solution for the · which the Conference considers should be and Mr. Arnold Zempel, of the Department difficulties which had arisen was to recog vigorously pursued for the purpose of elim of Labor, were alternate Government dele nize that the government of the Chinese inating the evil of unemployment. It urges gates. In addition, there were advisers to Republic had validly nominated representa governments to maintain, or to establish as each of the Government, employer, and tives of that country to the present session rapidly as national conditions allow, unem worker delegates. of the Conference. The report of the cre ployment benefits and allowances; to take All members of the United States delega dentials committee on this subject was ac action to produce economic arl-d social con tion took an active part in t:Q.e session of cepted by the Conference without discussion. ditions conducive to full employment the Conference which took place in Ge Toward the end of the session we were all through employment services, as well as neva, Switzerland, from June 7 through shocked by the news of the invasion of measures to promote mobility of labor, to July 1. Mr. McCormick was highly honored South Korea by armies from the Communist train and retrain workers, to improve re by election as one of the three vice presi North. There was, of course, no reason for cruitment policies, and to encourage invest dents of the Conference. The successful the International Labor Organization to take ments in depressed areas from which lt work of the entire delegation reft.ected credit formal action on this violation of interna might be undesirable to move workers. upon the United States. tional peace, but I believe the whole United Another new labor standard adopted in The International Labor Organization ls States delegation was very much heartened final form in this session was a recommenda a specialized agency of the United Nations by the enthusiastic spontaneous reaction of tion concerning vocational training of adults, and is unique among international organiza the delegates toward President Truman's including disabled persons. Mr. Ansel Cleary tions because of its tripartite membership, prompt support of the resolution of the of the Bureau of Apprenticeship of the United its delegations being composed of repre Security Council of the United Nations to States Department of Labor acted as chair sentatives of governments, employers, and preserve the peace by providing mmtary man of the committee which developed the workers. Its function is j;o study and to assistance to South Korea. final draft of this recommendation. The undertake action on the international level The program of the Conference proceeded expansion of vocational training programs 1s to elevate labor standards and improve living efficiently and a great deal was accomplished. of enormous importance in many countries conditions of workers throughout the world, Much credit is due to the excellent work of the world where the consumption level of through measures developed in cooperation of the staff of the International Labor the workers is low not only because of lack by all three groups. Office. Prominent on the agenda were dis of capital equipment, but also because of Fifty-two countries were represented at the cussions of methods of increasing productiv shortage of skilled workers. Uneducated and recent session of the Conference, including ity and of maintaining full employment. inefficient workers are very frequently dis two newly elected members-the Republic These two subjects had been stressed in satisfied workers, and I am sure that this of the United States of Indonesia and Viet the comprehensive annual report of Mr. new standard will be of great aid to persons Nam. In addition, there were a number of David A. Morse, formerly Under Secretary of working on technical assistance programs in observers-for the Allied High Commission Labor in our own country, and now the cooperation with governments wishing to aid for Germany and the supreme commander Director General of the International Labor their workers to reach higher levels of skill. for the Allied Powers in Japan, as well as Office. In addition there were also discussions of for the Western German Federal Republic In my formal statement on the Director a proposed Convention and recommenda and for Japan. The Conference was par General's report I was happy to inform the tion concerning minimum-wage fixing in ticularly happy to welcome the representa Conference of the improvement of the em agriculture; a proposed recommendation ployment situation in the United States since concerning collective agreements, and a Con tives of the International Confederation of June 1949 and of the extent to which in Free Trade Unions, General Secretary Olden vention· and/or recommendation regarding broek, of the Netherlands, and Mr. Alfred creases in productivlty in the United States equal remuneration for men and women for have been associated with increases in the work of equal value. Braunthal, of the United States, the chief goods and wages actually available to work of its economic and social department. This When adopted, the Convention and recom ing men and women and their fam111es in mendation concerning minimum-wage fixing ts the first general Conference of the ILO this country. We have found in discussions which it has been possible for representatives in agriculture will set standards concerning with many of the delegates and their ad minimum-wage-fixing machinery in agri of the ICFTU to attend since its organization visers from other countries that they still 1n London last November. This new free culture for governments wishing to set up fear that increases in productivity per man such machinery. trade-union organization is launching an hour would not result in any gains to the aggressive constructive world-wide anti workers in terms of higher wages and lower Tho proposed recommendation concerning communist program., It is significant that prices, and that one outgrowth would be in collective agreements covers types of ma all segments of American labor are affil creases in unemployment. chinery to be established by governments iated with this international democratic wishing to set up such machinery on collec federation. It was possible to demonstrate that our ex tive bargaining, voluntary conciliation, and perience has been that real wages have risen voluntary arbitration. In view of the troubled state of the world as output per man-hour has gone up, that at this time, it was inevitable that this ses the work· week has become nhorter, and that The committee on international standards sion of the International Labor Conference · the worker's job has become less burdensome in regard to equal remuneration for men and should have been disturbed by matters hav and safer because the newer types of women workers for work of equal value, of ing to do with international politics which machinery are not only more productive but which Miss Frieda Miller, Chief of the Wom are outside its scope. Just after the nomi safer to use. In expressing the hope that en's Bureau of the United States Department nation of Mr. Jagjivan Ram, Minister of the ILO may play an importan,t part in rais ·of Labor, acted as reported, held for further Labor for India, as president of this session, ing labor productivity in countries where decision the question of whether the interna- the government delegates of Poland, Czecho its assistance is needed, I suggested assist . tional standard should take the form of a slovakia, and Hungary challenged the seat ance from governments to develop vocational convention or a recommendation until the ing of representatives from the Chinese Re training programs, efficient organization of final discussion of the standards at the 1951 publlc, insisting that the Conference should the labor market, and studies of job stand session. immediately decide that the representatives ardization and simplification. The conclusions reached will be forwarded of the Communist government should be Later in the Conference, our Secretary of to governments for comment and new drafts seated instead. Labor, Maurice J. Tobi!l, gave the delegates win be prepared on the basis of these com- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 10475 ments for consideration by the 1951 session ever-expanding area of cooperation between or draw, a gravity flow canal into Montana where final agreement will be reached. government, management, and labor for so about where Sweet Grass · is, then take the There was considerable discussion at this lution of the human problems of twentieth water both east and west from there onto conference of the Fact-Finding Commission century industrial living. the land. Mr. Sloan has said this is the most on Freedom of Association. The governing For this reason, if for no other, the In feasible program. body, the ILO Conference, and the Economic ternational Labor Organization (except for I do not need to elaborate to you what and Social Council of the United Nations may the United Nations itself), :ls in my opinion an asset 200,000 acres of irrigated land would refer to the Commission for impartial ex-. probably the most significant international mean to Montana and the Nation in rais amination, allegations of infringement of organization in which we hold membership. ing food and livestock. I am enclosing a trade-union rights. No complaint will be I consider it a rare privilege to have been copy of an editorial and news articles on that referred to the Commission without the con nominated by the President to serve on the feature. sent of the government concerned. The United States delegation. Either Canada gets this forever and our Commission will report to the governing body DIVISION OF WATERS OF WATERTON AND acres parch forever or we get an equitable on the results of its work and it will be for share and we have a producing asset forever. the governing body to consider in the first BELLY RIVERS BETWEEN THE UNITED This matter has been before the Inter instance what action should be taken on the STATES AND CANADA national Commission for over a year. It basis of the report. Mr. MURRAY. Mr. President, the in has been charged by some that the Cana I want to assure the members of the Sen ternational Joint Commission recently dians are arbitrary in this matter; that they ate of my renewed convict ion of the value concluded field hearings at Shelby and are dragging their feet and won't agree to of the work of the International Labor Or anything, hoping to delay the matter with ganization. In bringing together workers, Havre, Mont., on the proper division, be out action until they get this water on their employers, and governments from so many tween the people of the United States land-then it would be practically impossible nations, it provides an opportunity for co and Canada, of the waters of the Water for the United States to ever get a drop. operative effort regarding one of the world's ton and Belly Rivers, which originate in I don't think, at least I hope, that this is most important problems-that of finding Glacier National Park, in Montana, and not the attitude of the Canadians. We have democratic solutions for ignorance, ineffi .flow across the international border .always had the most friendly relations with ciency, and poverty as they affect workers in into Canada. the Canadians, and I am confident that industry and agriculture. It is my fl.rm be The Honorable R. V. Bottomly, associ when we make this matter clear to them lief that we cannot relax for one moment our they will be fair to us, and the good-neigh efforts on this front. I undertook to give ate justice of the Montana Supreme bor relations between our State and the positive assurance to the members of the Court, has written letters to the Sena Canadians across the border will continue as conference in Geneva that in seeking through tor from North Dakota [Mr. LANGER] they have in the past. the ILO to bring·about major improvements and to me which contain factual infor The Commission is holding two meetings in working and living conditions of millions mation bearing on this important ques in Montana in June, at Shelby June 12, and millions of workers throughout the tion, and which constitute a real contri then at Havre June 17, and two meetings world, we are advancing along the surest bution to an equitable solution of the at Canadian points. It is to be hoped .that course to world peace. problem. we may be able to work out this prol;>lem Russia is seizing every opportunity to I ask unanimous consent that Justice with our Canadian friends in a spirit of thwart the efforts of liberty-loving nations justice and fair play. to advance toward the goal of world peace. Bottomly's communications on this vital The other alternative for us to get this Further, the Kremlin is deliberately selecting ly important subject be printed in the water is to drill an all-American tunnel certain groups of human beings for their RECORD for the information of the Sen through the mountains and also build a dam propaganda of false promises in furthering ate. across Waterton Lake along the boundary Communist expansion. There being no objection, the com line and bring the water to our parched This was plainly evident at the recent munications from Justice Bottomly were land, but this is a very expensive proposi General Conference (of International Labor ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as tion. Nevertheless, it is well known that we Organization). All of the delegates with follows: do not stop at expense when we · recognize whom I conferred at th_e conference were STATE OF MONTANA, that a program is indispensable to the .pro well aware of the fact that workers are a SUPREME COURT, tection of our rights. A bill has been intro prime target for Communist infiltration. Helena, June 1, 1950. duced in Congress to .drill this tunnel, but I think we should delay action on that meas- · More than this, the majority of the repre Re Waterton-Belly Rivers. sentatives attending seemed to understand . ure while we undertake to convince the that Communist tactics call for the exploita Hon. JAMES E. MURRAY, Canadians of the justice of our position. tion of legitimate as well as unfounded work- United States Senator, If the Canadians act fairly in this matter, . er grievances for their own nefarious political Senate Office Building, it will avoid a heavy expense on us which ·objectives. In view of this, everyone at the Washington, D. C. we would have to bear in order to protect conference recognized the tremendous sig- . DEAR JIM: As you know, I have been work our interests. nifl.cance of the activities of the Interna ing for over 2 years on the matter of getting As you can see, Jim, time ls of the essence, tional Labor Organization. a reference before the International Commis and a determination should be made soon As 'the satellite delegates were staging their sion, American-Canadian Border, for a divi .if we expect any water. You know Mr. walkout in protest against the participation sion and settlement of the waters of the Valance, an attorney in the State Depart Waterton-Belly Rivers. ment who handles these matters, is here now of Nationalist China at Geneva, the United These two rivers originate in Glacier Na States delegation, together with the repre gathering information and arranging for the tional Park, in Montana, :flow north between meetings. He is keen and alert to the sit sentatives from the other democratic nations, two ranges across the international border threw their wholehearted support behind the ·uation. I hope you can contact him upon activities of the ILO. They recognize that into Canada. The approximate :flow is 400,- his return to Washington after these hear its activities, designed as they are to raise 000 acre-feet. If all this flow could be put ings. I told him that the time had come the working and living standards of men and on land for irrigation it would mean that to act firmly in this matter and let our women throughout the world, can make and it would cover 400,000 acres 1 foot deep. neighbors across the border understand that actually are making a tremendous contribu- About 1 to 2 inches is all that is needed for we intend to insist on a fair division of this . tion toward eliminating the causes of unrest irrigation for row crops, but three to five water, and that unless they acquiesce we -and despair which, as we all know, are fer applications are needed during the growing will be compelled to t ake such action as is tile breeding grounds for communism. It is season. necessary to protect our interests. no surprise that the Soviet Union is con Now the Canadians started some 3 years I think some ·speeches should be made in tinually attacking the ILO. ago to get going on putting this water on both the House and Senate, explaining this their land. They are now engaged in build situation in detail so that the public may The Senate will be interested to know that ing a dam on the Belly. They have a canal understand the problem. I have written the entire United States delegation-em surveyed to bring the water of the Waterton Senator LANGER as his State is interested ployer, worker, and Government representa into the· Belly above said dam. Then they in controlling the Red River, another bor tives-to this thirty-third International will divert the water as far east through Al der stream. All these questions clear across ·Labor Conference, was 100 percent united in berta into Saskatchewan. Their Canadian the country along the border should be han ·matters of basic principles such as these. Government has entered into the picture and dled together as one problem, not piecemeal. There were disagreements as to details, but has authorized expenditures for the whole Am enclosing copy of my letter to him. we presented a united front on our funda project. Thank you to give attention to this, Jim, mental objectives to the other nations of the Our Reclamation Bureau has made some as it appears to me to be not only an inter world. We used the opportunity afforded by surveys-the idea is to make a treaty with national question but one of the biggest mat this conference of the Government, employer, Canada. Then the Bureau, if authorized, ters for the good of Montana in particular and worker representatives of the world to would build a high dam on the BeJly with and for the country as a whole. demonstrate by word and deed that the un Canada and store all this water, then divert Sincerely yours, · derlying basis of American success is in the our equitable share through a natural sag R. V. BOTTOMLY. 10476 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 MAY 27, 1950. The Canadians have been very arbitrary That tax bill, which I helped frame, Re Tidelands and Waterton and Belly Rivers. 1n this matter, bluntly telling the United provided that commencing the first of Hon. WILLIAM LANGER, States that if we think we ca_n get this water United States Senator, go ahead and tak,e it. They know the only the following calendar year and continu Senate Office Bui_lding, way we can take it is by tunneling through ing for a period of 5 years all taxpayers Washington, D. C. the mountains. The cost would be terrific should add 10 percent to their tax bills DEAR SENATOR LANGER: I am writing to you unless figured on a hundred-year basis. But and that the funds so created should be as I know you always recognize the equities with their consent we could, if the Senate placed in a special trust fund to be used in a case. You may not know but I was approved by treaty, assist in building the exclusively for military purposes. one of three attorneys general of the States high dam near Lethbridge and- divert the In this emergency .J suggest reenact who fought in every way I could the so water to our lands with very moderate ex called t idelands steal, which you had a lot pense. ment of that -law to become effective to do with in helping to defeat and in sus Mr. Valance will return to Washington January 1, 1951, but exempting this time taining the President's veto. I notice you after these hearings, and I hope· you can get all excise taxes since they are still at will again have the matter before you. together and go over this matter, as both the full war rate. Such a tax, applied Two years ago while I was attorney gen projects are of utmost importance to the only to personal and corporate income eral I prepared a brief on the subject and, States concerned and. to . the United States would raise in special defense money ap thinking it might be of some use to you, I also. This has been written hurriedly; hope proximately $2,000,000,000 a year at the am enclosing a copy. I have just recently you get my idea. I am also writing our Sen had a letter from Harold Ickes, to whom I ator, JAMES E. MURRAY, current rate of national income. It had submitted a copy and asked him, if, as Sincerely yours, would not be retroactive op anyone be an administrator, he thought that my analy R. V. BOTTOMLY. cause provision could be made for those sis was valid and correct as to the bill now JOHN J. MUCCIO, UNITED STATES AMBAS- reporting on a fiscal year basis to apply 1n Congress. He answered, stating that it SADOR TO KOREA . the increase only to that portion earned was as valid today as when written, in his in calendar 1951. opinion. I would like your reaction to my Mr. GREEN. Mr. President, I desire At the present time the top effective brief at your convenience. _ · to have printed in the RECORD a release Now as to . the Belly-Waterton Rivers: personal income rate is 82 percent, but These rivers ai'ise in Glacier National Park, which the Secretary of State has author ·the 10-percent increase would not fall as Mont., flow north into Canada between two ized of a telegram sent by him, by direc- heavily on those in the top brackets as ranges, and fed by the perpetual snows, . tion of the President, to the Honorable might appear at first glance because of glaciers, and rains, they flow into Canada at John J. Muccio, United States Ambassa the law passed several years ago to per the crossing of the international boundary. dor to the Republic of Korea. It gives me mit husband and wife to divide the There is a flow of approximately 400,000 a special pleasure to ask for this inser family income. That prov:ision gave sub acre-feet. tion in the RECORD because of the fact Montana has hundreds of thousands of stantial tax relief to married persons acres of arid land, superior soils, just east that Ambassador Muccio is a personal with joint. incomes up to $400,000. For of the Rocky Mountain range, which with friend of mine and a f eUow Rhode those in that category the present top this water would be converted into a per Islander. effective rate of 82 percent applies only petual, highly productive garden, producing There being no objection, the release to that portion of income above $200,000 row crops, fibers, alfalfa, and feed crops for was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and the additional lo percent would not livestock for all time to come. as follows: be a 10-percent addition to the rate, but The Bureau of Reclamation has reported DEPARTMENT OF STATE, merely 10 percent of the computed tax that by building a high dam on the W1:tter July 13, 1950. ton near Lethbridge, Alberta, diverting the Secretary of State Dean Acheson has sent liability. . Belly into the Waterton by short. canal, the the following message to the Honorable John I have received letters and have read equitable share flowing from the United J. Muccio, United States Ambassador to the editorials in the Virginia n;ewspapers in States could be diverted back into the United Republic of Korea: dicating that Congress should act States by gravity through a natural depres "The President has asked me to extend to promptly to put the Nation on a full war sion at a very economical figure. you and to your staff his appreciation and footing. In my opinion, such a step is The other alternative is to drive a tunnel commendation for your courageous and ef not now required, and would be calcu through the mountains and bring the water fective performance of duty since the onset It onto the lands, but at a very high cost. This of the present emergency in Korea. lated to do more harm than good. matter is now before the International Com "Your prompt and accurate reporting of was difficult enough to make OPA work mission for adjustment but the Canadians the situation, the dispatch and efH.ciency during World War II. It was impossible are arbitrary and are working feverishly to with which you carried out the evacuation to make it work a year after the war perfect an irrigation works, construct dams, of the many American citizens for whom you ended. There is an abundance of food, and divert and put all this water on their were responsible, and the confidence which of clothing, and of many other consumer lands before a decision can be reached you have inspired in the face of the unpro items, and no occasion to ration their through the Commission. The Commission voked aggression against Korea are in the fili distribution. It might be wise to give ers are holding two hearings on this matter est tradition of the Foreign Service." in Montana, one at Shelby, June 12, and one the President stand-by powers to allo at Havre, June 17, and two in Canada. ORDER FOR RECESS cate steel,-which is so essential to the Mr. Valance, attorney for the United States Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask war effort, although I am confident that Department in Charge of United St ates unanimous consent that when the Senate it can be accomplished by a voluntary Canada Border Problems, is now here. I have finishes its business today it stand in re agreement. It might be advisable to give known him for years. He is keen and knows cess until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. the Federal Reserve Board stand-by the works. powers to control consumer credit, which I have been working for over 2 years on The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob this matter. The magnitude of this prob jection? The Chair hears none, and it is now is at an all-time high; but that like lem is set forth in an enclosed editorial and so ordered. wise, to a large extent, could be accom plished by voluntary cooperation between article. SUGGESTED 10-PERCENT ADDITION TO The reason I am writing ts that time is banks and the merchants whose com of the essence herein. We don't want to lose TAXES FOR MILITARY PURPOSES mercial paper they handle.· this w·ater which is a great national asset Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I Undoubtedly, the best and safest way as well as a great benefit to Montana, as the ask unanimous consent to proceed for 5 to control the issuance of too much new editorial sets forth. minutes to make a suggestion concern- money through deficit financing and the Now the Red River in Canada and your State needs controlling. From this side of ing the war effort. , inflationary pressure of that new money the international line there isn't much that The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob is to absorb at least a part of it through this country can do, but our Government jection? The Chair hears none and it is taxation. Aside from that desirable re could participate with Canada in building so ordered. sult, it will be inviting ultimate finan dams or other works to arrest the flood men Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, the cial disaster if we run the national debt ace arid as a part of the consideration Canada threat of becoming involved in a world to such large proportions that confidence should consent to an equitable division of war is now greater than the threat that will be lost in Government bonds. In the our Waterton-Belly waters. In other words, it is my theory that all waters of the inter confronted us in 1940. In that year the budget now pending, there is a potential national border should be considered as one Congress authorized an expansion of deficit of four or five billion dollars; problem clear across the board by the In our Military Establishment, provided for and that budget carries no appropriation ternational· Commission, instead of piece a draft of manpower, and passed a spe for more·than $5,000,000,000 of E bonds meal and dealing with each matter sepa cial tax bill to help finance that pre or savings bonds which will mature next rately. paredness program. year, the assumption being that those 1950 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATE 10477 now holding those bonds will buy new all. Potato bugs and disease germs are a petition for doing what we have been ones. Should that assumption not ma too closely parallel to be ignored. To trying to pursu::J,de the Russians to do · terialize, a terrific strain would be placed. have let the accusation go with a simple from the very start of our negotiations upon the commercial bond market in re denial, and without taking advantage of over the use of the atomic bomb? What financing that obligation. the possibilities for human appeal in the is the matter with us? Are we thinking Although the time may come when we thing, leads us one step further toward about something else than war or peace? shall be forced to put our entire econ new savageries in modern warfare. But Have we gone into senile decay? omy on a war footing, the first step -in there is still another lost battle of even It is not too late now for the State that direction undoubtedly is taxes; apd greater significance. Department, by world-wide broadcast many patriotic citizens will gladly pay Mr. President, I refer to a serious and direct diplomatic action, to take additional taxe·s if the law imposing and effective offensive on the battle Russia up on her new and our old pro them provides that they shall be se field of ideas which was launched at posal for the control of the A-bomb. questered for military purposes only, and the so-called World Peace Congress in Mr. President, we wait to see whether not made available for unnecessary do- Stockholm on March 15-19, 1950, held that Department remains a dangerous mestic spending. · under the chairmanship of Frederic liability or charts for us a new course of GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS, 1951 Joliot-Curie, the French Nobel prize effective service to our national interest winner. For the record, the American and to the safety of the free nations of The Senate resumed the consideration attendance at this so-called Peace Con the globe. · of the bill ureaus of the Department were if we put. a limit of $300,000 on the to slay. I ask, Is there any difference 1950 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10481 between limiting the $300,000 and the I should like to call the attention of the cur a · penalty by overplanting by as $1 ,265,000? Senator to just one other matter which little as 1 acre. Mr. RUSSELL. Technically, I do not I think he can clear up. It is in connec Mr. AIKEN. I was sure that is what see that there is. tion with the provision on page 204, line the· Senator from Georgia intended. I Mr. WHERRY. Then the dragon has 21, where the language reads: am happy he has made that point plain. already been slain, and I ask the dis Pr ovided further, That none of the funds I also want to assure the Senator from tinguished Senator if he will accept an herein appropriated or made available for Georgia that no one is more concerned amendment, when the proper time the functions assigned to the Agricultural in making the PMA and other good agri coines, to off er such an amendment to Adjustment Agency pursuant to the Execu cultural programs work than is the Sen the bill. tive Order No. 9069, of February 23, 1942, ator from Vermont. But we all know Mr. RUSSELL. I shall be disposed to, shall be used to pay the salaries or expenses of any regional information employees or of instances of efforts being made to if it would be any gratification to the any State information employees, but this use local committees for political pur Senator from Nebraska. shall not preclude the answering of in poses, and I for one want to stop that Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Senator. quiries or supplying of information at the practice so far a~ possible, regardless I appreciate his statement. county. level to individual farmers. of in whose interests they may be used. Mr. RUSSELL. I do not want to be Mr. RUSSELL. If any program committed to it now, until I have an op As I understand, the prohibition which should be kept on a nonpartisan and portunity to read all the language, to was inserted in the law in 1944 prohibits nonpolitical basis it is the farm program. see where it is to be in the bill. · this information for such services at the In my judgment the use of any county Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Senator, levels down through the county and committee or the use of any farm pro and I hope he will look with favor upon the community levels. In last year's ap gram for partisan political purposes it, because my opinion is that if we are propriation bill, the references to the would be highly reprehensible, whether· to try to limit the $300,000 which may community and county were omitted. Does the Senator from Georgia under it was done to help a Republican, or be transferred, it is just as important to Democrat, or Progressive~ or States apply it to the $1,265,000. stand that the proviso I have just read Righter, I might add. Mr. RUSSELL. I do not think it is means that the community and county . Mr. AIKEN. I agree with the Sena necessary in either case. levels of the PMA are restricted to the answering of inquiries and the supply tor from Georgia. Mr. WHERRY. I understand the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator, but if it is necessary in one case ing of information which properly comes within. the scope of their own work? question is on agreeing to the committee and the Senator permits the amendment amendment, as amended. there, I ask the distinguished Senator Mr. RUSSELL. I think that is cor The amendment, as amended, was to accept it in the other case. rect. The Senator from Vermont knows agreed to. Mr. RUSSELL. I shall be happy to well that that language has been in the Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I un look into it, but the amendment will not appropriation bills for some 5 or 6 years. derstand that concludes the committee be in order until we complete action on I do not recall exactly when it was first amendments to this chapter of the bill. the committee amendments. inserted. There are some three amendments which The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. STEN Mr. AIKEN. I think it was slightly have been printed. I have discussed! NIS in .the chair) . The question is on changed last year. them with their authors and I should like agreeing to ·the amendment offered by the Mr. RUSSELL. I beg the Senator's to receive unanimous consent that the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] to the pardon. printed amendments to this chapter be amendment of the committee. Mr. AIKEN. I think it was changed considered at this time. The amendment to the amendment last year, as I recall. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, reserv was agreed tcr. · Mr. RUSSELL. No; the Senate ing the right to object, would the Senator Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I should undertook to change it, but the House consider my amendment in that group? like to ask the Senator from Georgia if refused to yield, and I think it finally Mr. RUSSELL. . I should like to ob he remembers whether there is a limi went out of the bill. I do not recall the tain some information on the Senator's tation on the amount the Commodity year, but 5 or 6 years ago the PMA was amendment before accepting it. Credit Corporation may spend for pub setting up a great many so-called infor Mr. WHERRY. I do not want to ob licity purposes, and, if so, what the mation centers in its regional and State ject to the Senator's request because I amount is. offices, and a violent controversy arose should like to help expedite action upon Mr. RUSSELL. Answering off the cuff, as between two of the major farm organ the bill. I wish to make a parliamentary without guaranteeing the correctness of izations as to the propriety of those offi inquiry, Mr. President. the statement, I think the Commodity ces and the information they were fur The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Credit Corporation is included within the nishing, one of the farm organizations Senator will state it. $300,000 limit, and I think that funds taking the position that some of the in Mr. WHERRY. All committee amend could be transferred from the Commodity formation was designed to aid the other ments must be acted upon first, unless Credit Corporation up to that amount. farm organizations. The general com unanirr_ous consent is obtained to take Mr. AIKEN. Would the Senator say plaint was made that it was entirely too up other amendments out of order? that if this amendment were voted down expensive. So that limitation was put The PRESIDING OFFICER. That and the sound pictures were not per in originally, as I recall, in the Senate, is the rule under which the Senate is mitted to be made in the Secretary's of and it has been in the bill ever since now operating. · fice, · he could direct them to •be .made then. Mr. WHERRY. Inasmuch as we have through the Commodity Credit Corpo Mr. AIKEN. The Senator from Geor proceeded in that manner with respect ration? gia is chairman of the Subcommitee on to the preceding chapters of the bill, it Mr. RUSSELL. They say as much. Agriculture of the Appropriations Com seems to me we should continue to. fol They say they have ample authority mittee. It is not intended, is it, that · low that course unless the amendments under the law. These funds are con this proviso should authorize the em in question are very slight. What is centrated into the $300,000 for the pur ployment of county information special proposed to be done by the amendments pose of simplifying the bookk~eping. ists or propagandists, as they are com in question? This.is a limitation. If we vote this pro monly called? Mr. RUSSELL. One of the amend vision out of the bill, they could spend ments is to be proposed by the Senator any funds that were available for in Mr. RUSSELL. It certainly is not in from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS]. The formational purposes. This amendment tended to employ any propagandists of Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. tends to achieve the result the Senator any kind. It is intended to limit it to BRIDGES] has one, which has been the from Vermont seeks, in that it puts a actual information as to farming in subject of discussion, and I have ob limitation on the $300,000, on the funds formation for the counties. Where they tained information with respect to it. :which can be spent. have the clear crop system in counties The other one is to be offered by the Mr. AIKEN. I hope the Senator from thousands of questions arise that are Senator from Washington CMr. MAG- Georgia will be pro.ved to be correct in necessary to be answered, answers are . NusoNJ. That is a printed amendment. that view, and that the officials will not compelled to be made, and we do not Mr. WHERRY. Is that the amend exceed the authority. want to shut the farmer off if he will in- ment dealing with meat inspection? I 10482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 Mr. RUSSELL. Yes. I have had an statement. In the 1946 flood control nothing the Senator from Georgia could opportunity to investigate those three act, section 13 authorized certain work have done to prevent the Senator from amendments. I have not had an op on, I believe, 11 different projects. That Ohio from offering his amendment. portunity to investigate the amendment included the projects recommended by Mr. WHERRY. "I understand. But the which the Senator from Nebraska in the Department of Agriculture. In Senator from Georgia has made a unani tends to propose. some of those projects they did not go mous consent request for consideration of Mr. WHERRY. I do not know why far enough to permit of treatment of amendments which he will take to con my amendment would require very much ditches and gulleys. My amendment ference. I simply ask that my amend investigation. gives the Department the right to treat ment also be- taken to conference. Mr. RUSSELL. I do not think it will ditches and gulleys. Mr. RUSSELL. I told the Senator from require much investigation, but I should Mr. WHERRY. I have no objection Nebraska I was disposed to accept his like to read amendments before I accept to that amendment, Mr. President. amendment, but I should like to look into them. I should like to read the Sena What is the next amendment? such matters and at least reasonably un tor's amendment before accepting it. Mr. RUSSELL. The Senator from derstand what I am doing at the time Mr. WHERRY. I should be glad to New Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES] has an I accept amendments. have my amendment offered last, and amendment which will increase the ap Mr. WHERRY. The Senator from the Senator can withhold his consent to propriation for research by $35,000, so as Georgia needs no advice with respect to my amendment until he has had an op to deal with an outbreak of a disease at what he is doing. He is one of our most portunity to examine it. tacking the spruce and the beech trees able Senators. Mr. RUSSELL. The Senator from in the White Mountains, as I understand. Mr. RUSSELL. I suppose I should ac Nebraska has a perfect right to object The Senator from New Hampshire does cept the Senator's amendment after that if he desires. What I just proposed was not have a budget estimate, but we have statement. merely to accommodate Senators. in the farm of dead chestnut trees so Mr. WHERRY. Yes. I can see no dif The PRESIDING OFFICER. The many monuments to the delay in pro ference between the one and the others. question is on the request of the Sena ceeding to attack these diseases at their I would deeply appreciate it if the Sena tor from Georgia that, by unanimous source that I told the Senator from New tor would accept my amendment. consent, the Senate proceed to take up Hamp1shire I was willing to accept his The PRESIDING OFFICER. The first the printed amendments which will be amendment and take it to conference. printed amendment coming under the offered from the floor. Mr. WHERRY. I have no objection, unanimous-consent agreement will be Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, still Mr. President, to the consideration of stated. reserving the right to object, I wish to the three amendments which have been The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. The amend say that I desire to be constructive about referred to. ment submitted by Mr. THOMAS of Okla this matter. I am not acting in an ar The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there homa and Mr. JOHNSON of Texas is as bitrary manner in order to have my objection to the unanimous consent re follows: amendment accepted. I should like to quest for consideration of the three amendments? The Chair hears none, On page 200, line 14, before the period in know, if I can be informed, what the sert the following: ": Provided further, That first amendment would do. I know and unanimous consent is given. of the funds available herein, not in excess what the last amendment would do. I Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. of $7,880,000 may be expended· in watersheds do not think it would be necessary to President, I submit my amendment. heretofore authorized by section 13 of the have a quorum call to let other Sena Mr. WHERRY. I should like to ask Flood Control Act of December 22, 1944, for tors know what is to be taken up for the Senator from Georgia if he will not necessary gulley control, floodwater deten consideration. I should like to ask the confer with the junior Senator from tion, and f:loodway structures in areas other Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. THOMAS] Nebraska? I should be glad to show than those over which the Department of what his amendment is. him where in the bill I wish the language the Army has jurisdiction and responsibility.'' Mr. RUSSELL. If the Senator will of my amendm.;nt to be inserted. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The permit me, I will explain all three print should like to do that so he may decide question is on agreeing to the amend ed amendments. The first amendment, whether he will accept my amendment ment. proposed by the Senator from Okla after the three others have been con The amendment was agreed to. homa, does not in any wise affect the sidered. Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. amount of the appropriated funds. It Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, my President, I ask unanimous consent to does permit the Soil Conservation Serv differentiation between these three have printed at this point in the REC ice, in areas where work is now being amendments and the Senator's amend ORD a brief statement explanatory of the carried on, to operate in connection with ment is not due to any desire to resist amendment which has just been adopted. some lands which are not now eligible the Senator's amendment. It is due to There being no objection, the state because they lie between private lands the fact that these three amendments ment was ordered to be printed in the on which they are doing work and pub have been printed. If the Senator offers RECORD, as follows: lic lands in the area of a stream. The his amendment, other amendments will be offered from the floor, and if we are 1. The amendment is recommended. amendment would permit them to com 2. The Flood Control Act of 1936 provides plete some phases of the projects which to accept any such floor amendments we that improvement of rivers and other water are essential to the operation of the · should accept all of them at one time so ways for flood control shall be under the whole. It involves no increase in ex as not to make fish of one and fowl of jurisdiction of the Corps of Army Engineers penditures. It merely clarifies the au the other. and . that measures for run-off and water thority of the Soil Conservation Service. Mr. WHERRY. The Senator did for flow retention and soil erosion prevention Mr. WHERRY. Where are the proj the Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFT] exact on watersheds should be under the jurisdic ects located? ly what he is speaking of now. tion of the Department of Agriculture. Ob Mr. RUSSELL. Oh, no. viously it was the intention of Congress at Mr. RUSSELL. I think they are lo the time the Flood Control Act of 1936 was cated in Texas and Oklahoma. That is Mr. WHERRY. The amendment of passed that work on main streams would be my recollection. the Senator from Ohio was not printed. done by the Army Engineers and soil con Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. Mr. RUSSELL. The parliamentary servation and erosion work on the water President, there are 11 States involved: situation in respect to the amendment of sheds would be done by the Department of the States of New York, Pennsylvania, the Senator from Ohio was entirely dif Agricult ure. If this is true, the work author Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Geor ferent. His amendment was an amend ized in the above amendment is already cov gia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Iowa, Min ment to a committee amendment which ered by general authorization. nesota, Texas, end California. had to be passed upon. The Senator from 3. In the Flood Control Act of 1944 11 watershed programs were specifically author Mr. WHERRY. Would this be the be Nebraska proposes to offer an amend ized for the Department of Agriculture and ginning merely, and would completion of ment to the text of the bill. survey reports were adopted on each of them. the work entail some appropriations next Mr. WHERRY. Certainly. Some of these reports such as the Little yea:r? Mr. RUSSELL. Which is not in order; Sioux Watershed in Iowa, the Los Angeles 'Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. whereas the amendment of the Senator watershed in California, and so forth, spe President, if I may, I shall make a brief from Ohio was in order, and there was cificially called for authority for gully con- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10483 trol, flood water detention, and floodway inspector at Seattle, Wash., where there Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, the short structures. Some of the other reports such is no meat inspector at the present time, age of inspectors for animals and also for as the Coosa River watershed in Georgia and the Trinity River watt;,lrshed in Texas did not according to the Senator from Washing plants imported into this country is not provide for gully co~trol, flood water de ton and the Senator from New Mexico. confined to the State of Washington tention, and floodway structures specifically, Mr. WHERRY. The amendment also alone. Trouble has been encountered in and these measures are now found to be relates to transfers of livestock. many sections of the country as well. It necessary. The Solicitor of the Department Mr. RUSSELL. Yes; it relates to the is due primarily, I would say, to the limi of Agriculture has held that these survey transfer of cattle brought in from Can tation on the number of hours during reports have the force of law and since the ada; in other words, it relates to the in which. an inspector can work. So, along authority for floodway structures, and so ternational trade in cattle from Canada. the borders, instead of perhaps going out forth is omitted from them, the Department after supper and inspecting. a truckload of Agriculture, even though it has general Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, it seems authority in the Flood Control Act of 1936 to me that the additional amount pro or a carload of cattle coming into the over the alluvial lands, does not have author vided by the amendment is not sufficient. country, the inspectors are prohibited ity beyond that specifically written into the Furthermore, it seems to me the sub from doing so at the present time. survey reports on the 11 programs set forth ject matter of the amendment should There has been a great deal -0f trouble in the Flood Control Act of 1944. have been handled by the committee in along the Vermont border and along the 4. Of the $9,880,000 included in the omni the course of its consideration of the coast of Florida in this respect. The Sen bus appropriation bill for flood-control work bill in the first place. If the necessary ator from Florida [Mr. HOLLAND] and I of the Department of Agriculture, the de introduced a bill which would permit the partment intends to expend approximately amounts are not studied and recom $4,300,000 for gully control, flood water de mended by the committee in the course Federal Government to allow the inspec tention, and floodway structures in the of its consideration of the bill in the first tors to work overtime, and, I suppose, to alluvial lands. Some of the expenditures are place, then we are mistaken in 'every give them overtime pay, and then to re already authorized in the survey reports cov thing we do in connection with the bill. cover the cost from the importers, who ering the projects, but unless this amend The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there originally made this complaint, and who ment is adopted money for this purpose will objection to the amendment? seemed willing to pay the additional cost not be available for such work in the Po- incurred in that way. It was not a mat . tomac River watershed, Virginia, West Vir Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, reserv ing the right to object-- ter of cost, but a matter of accommoda ginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania; Coosa tion, because sometimes the shipments River watershed, Georgia and Tennessee, the Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, if I Middle Colorado River watershed, Texas; may make an observation at this point, would reach the border a few minutes the Trinity River watershed, Texas; and the let me say that it seems that under the after the inspector was required to stop Washita River watershed, Oklahoma and amendment the inspection service re work, according to the law; and the re Texas. lates to cattle in international shipment, sult would be that the cattle would have to be kept there all night until the in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The for which it is claimed that sufficient au thority is not available. Of course the . spector came on duty the next day. clerk Will state the next amendment The Senate·Committee on Agriculture coming under the unanimous-consent amendment will not cure the difficulty if there is a lack of statutory authority. and Forestry unanimously reported the agreement. bill favorably the other day, and it is now The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. The amend Mr. CORDON. Of course not. on the calendar. The bill was previously ment submitted by Mr. BRIDGES is as fol Mr. RUSSELL. The Senate . would approved by the Department of Agri lows: have to recede under the circumstances, culture. On page 196, line 6, strike out "$2,995,000" . when the amendment came before the So far as I know, there is no opposition and insert in lieu thereof "$3,030,000, of conferees. to this proposal. Its enactment would which $55,000 shall be available for such in However, the Senator from New Mex alleviate much of the trouble which has vestigations and experiments at Bartlett Ex ico [Mr. ANDERSON] formerly the Secre perimental Forest only." been referred to by the Senator from tJ.ry of Agriculture, has said that he Washington, so far as the shipment of Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, unless thinks adoption of the amendment is cattle across the border is concerned. some member of the committee objects, n~cessary. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, will the I am willing to take the amendment to Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, I have Senator yield? conference. no objection to the addition of $2,500 to Mr. AIKEN. Yes; if I now have the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the appropriation for meat inspection in fioor. question is on agreeing to the amend order to make· possible the employment Mr. RUSSELL. I thank the Senator. ment. of a meat inspector at Seattle, Wash., or Mr. President, I wish to correct a state The amendment was agreed to. at any other place, so far as that is con ment I made a few moments ago. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cerned, where it is necessary. However, Senator from Washington in discussing clerk will state the next amendment it is perfectly apparent to all Senators his amendment referred to it as a meat coming under the unanimous-consent on the fioor of the Senate, I think, that inspection amendment. I thought he agreement. . the addition of $2,500 for that purpose was referring to meat inspection at a The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. The amend does not carry any statutory authority stockyard; and yesterday I stated that I ment submitted by Mr. MAG:NusoN is as that is not available in the bill at the could not possibly understand how it follows: present time. The amendment would made any difference whether a cow came On page 179, line 15, strike out "$7,950,000" simply add $2,500 to the $12,800,000, as from the moon or from Canada or from and ipsert in lieu thereof "$7,952,500." I recall, which already is available. elsewhere, once the cow was slaughtered. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, the dis It seems to me that, if there is going However, apparently the Senator was tinguished Senator from New Mexico to be any presumption in favor of any speaking of part-time inspectors. on the [Mr. ANDERSON], formerly the Secretary committee and its work in attempting to border, rather than meat inspectors at of Agriculture, has stated that he thinks reach logical conclusions with respect to slaughtering houses, because I find that adoption of this amendment is necessary. appropriations, the time to commence to the amendment does not relate to the I was of the opinion that it was not. In do so is now. If the amendment was $12,800,000 which is available for meat the absence of full information, I am necessary, it should have been presented inspection, but relates to the $7,950,000 willing to take the amendment to con to the committee, and the committee for the control and eradication of animal ference. should have been given an opportunity diseases, which means the inspection of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The to consider it and to act upon it. animals on the hoof as they come across question is · on agreeing to the amend So I object to adoption of the amend the border, to see whether they are free ment of the Senator from Washiniton. ment by unanimous consent. from disease. Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, let me Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the Mr . . AIKEN. That is correct. No inquire what the amendment will do. Senator withhold his objection until I amount of appropriation would permit Mr. RUSSELL. The amendment will can make an explanation? inspection after hours, so long . as the add $2,500 to the $12,800,000 provided Mr. CORDON. I am glad to withhold inspectors cannot work after 4 o'clock for meat inspection, to allow a part-time the objection. in the afternoon. Even if 20 inspectors 10484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . JULY 18 were available at a certain point, if they ing houses in the area use the stock Chair observes that there is no opposi had to stop work at 4 o'clock in tl).e aft yard. It is operated technically and tion, apparently, to the pending amend ernoon, the dimcuity would continue. jointly by all of them, but it is under ment. The chairman of the subcom Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, I indi the management of the slaughter.house mittee has accepted it. As the Chair cated my objection to adoption of the which is adjacent to the yard, and it is understands, the Senator from Oregon amendment by unanimous consent. I called the Union Stockyards. Anyone has withdrawn his objection. The ques was under a wrong impression, also, with may ship to it. It is a sort of coopera tion is on agreeing to the amendment. reference to the identity of the portion of tive undertaking, managed, however, by Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, a the bill proposed to be amended. Inas the one slaughterhouse which is adja judge once said to me, "When the court much as this amendment relates to the cent to the yard, because it happens to is with you, sit down." I shall now fol eradication and control of animal dis be located on the railroad sidings. low that very wise counsel. eases, it is acceptable to me; I have no Mr. AIKEN. Did I not . under The PRESIDING OFFICER.. The objection to it. stand the Senator from Washington question is on the amendment of the However, I should like to inquire of to say there was a shortage of border Senator from Washington [Mr. MAGNU the distinguished Senator from Georgia inspection? SON] on page.179, line 15. as to how the legal authority to act in Mr. MAGNUSON. No, this has noth the way suggested, if that authority does The amendment was agreed to. ing to do with border inspection. The PRESIDING OFFICER. That not now exist, can be conferred by means Mr. AIKEN. It is not located on the completes, for the time being, the of this amendment. border? Mr. RUSSELL. I do not think it can. amendments to chapter VI, and brings In my own judgment, I doubt very seri Mr. MAGNUSON. I desire to read a · us to chapter VII, the Department of the ously that it can. My doubt is increased letter I have received from the persons Interior. by the fact that the committee clerk has affected. I placed it in the RECORD yes Mr. . WHERRY. Mr. President, I ask handed me a statement from the De terday. The letter is very short, and if unanimous consent to return to chapter partment of Agriculture, which I shall the Senator from Georgia wi:ll permit, VI, the agricultural bill. I stepped off now read: I should like to read it. It poses a prob the floor of the Senate a moment, and lem, similar to the question here. The while I was gone the chapter was evi [U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricul letter was addressed to me under date of dently finished. My understanding tural Research Administration, Bureau of June 30, by the Seattle Packing Co., from the distinguished Senator from Animal Industry] which operates the yard in question, and The amendment offered by Senator MAG Georgia had been that, if I requested NUSON increasing by $2,500 the item "Animal it reads as follows: unanimous consent, he would not object disease control and eradication" under the MY DEAR SENATOR: Although the Depart to the consideration of an amendment head "Salaries and expenses, Animal Indus ment of Agriculture recognizes the need for which I desired to offer, on page ·220, in try," would provide for part-time service of restoring Federal inspection at the Seattle line 22, after the word "work", to insert an inspector at Seattle, Wash., for public Union Stockyards, it is unable to do so be "and programs authorized by Congress." stockyards inspection work. Under present cause of a shortage of funds. The Depart The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there import regulations, cattle imported from ment estimates, however, that only $2,500 is Canada for slaughter may be consigned to a needed to restore the Federal inspection at objection to the unanimous-consent re public stockyard for sale, otherwise they Seattle .as only the part-time services of one quest of the Senator from Nebraska. must be consigned directly to a slaughtering veterinarian is required. It is, therefore, Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I do establishment. Public stockyards are those suggested that you obtain an appropriation not think the proposed amendment yards covered by Federal inspection of live of $2,500 for this purpose. This is impor would add to or take from the provision. stock received at such yards. Seattle· is not tant to the Northwest for the following I have no objection to it. now a public stockyard. reasons: Increased control of livestock diseases is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there If Seattle is not a public stockyard, I a protection to the general public. With objection? The Chair hears none, and have very grave doubt that the Depart Federal inspection the Seattle Union Stock the Senate will temporarily return to the ment could assign an inspector to it to yards would be assured that a veterinarian consideration of chapter VI, and will enforce Federal regulations. would be in charge and that adequate in consider an amendment to be offered Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the spection · with regard to communicable dis from the :floor by the Senator from Senator yield? eases would be in effect. Nebraska? Livestock producers will be better served The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the under Federal inspection. At the present Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I pro Senator from Georgia yield to the Sena time the Northwest is served by only two pose the fallowing amendment: On page tor from Oregon? federally inspected yards. These are located 220, line 22, ar'ter the word "work", to Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. at Spokane and Portland. Under State law, insert "and programs authorized by Mr. CORDON. Can the Senator from health requirements are enforced by the Congress.'' Georgia advise the Senator from Oregon brand division, which require that all female The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as to how a stockyard can become a pub stock be tested and tagged when sold, except when sold to a packer for slaughter or for question is on the amendment offered lic stockyard? resale at a federally inspected yard. by the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. Mr. RUSSELL. I think a stockyard Since a federally inspected yard has a vet WHERRY]. becomes a public stockyard when it is erinarian on duty, the additional expense The amendment was agreed to. posted and brought under the operation and delay required by testing female cattle Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I de of the inspection item. is avoided. Inasmuch as the Seattle Union sire to thank the Senator from Georgia. Mr. CORDON. Is there a Federal law Stockyards are not now inspected, livestock The PRESIDING OFFICER. The on the subject? producers tend to make their shipments either to Spokane or to Portland. Senate will now proceed to the con Mr. RUSSELL. There is. sideration of chapter VII, and the Sen Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, if Slaughter in the Northwest area would in the Senator from Georgia will yield, I crease. Since reductions in the tariff on ator from Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN] is meat from Canada to the United States from recognized. might clear up the statement of the 6 to 3 cents per pound, effective January 1, Department of Agriculture in regard to a 1948, and the termination of shipments from Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I will public stockyard. Canada to the United Kingdom, meat impor want to impose upon the patience of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does tations to the United States have been great distinguished Senator from Arizona. We the Senator from Georgia yield to the ly increased. Due to higher wage rates, ex are now taking up the chapter on the Senator from Washington? penses, etc., in the United States, most of Department of the Interior, are we not? this importation 1s now in the form of meat Mr. HAYDEN: That is correct. Mr. MAGNUSON. I merely wanted that is dressed. It would be desirable to to clear up that matter. have it come in the form of liv.estock so Mr. WHERRY: Several Senators Mr. RUSSELL. I yield, if I do not that the slaughter and processing could be wanted me to notify them when this thereby lose the :floor. performed here. Federal inspection at the chapter was reached. If the distin Mr. MAGNUSON. It is not a public Seattle Union Stockyards would therefore guished Senator will permit me, and if stockyard in the sense that it is operated greatly facilitates the movement of live.stock he will yield for a quorum call, I think by a public body. It :i.s operated by the from Canada. we at least ought to have a quorum slaughterhouse which is adjacent to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. If the call. Senators will then be on notice. stockyard, though all other slaughter- Senator will suspend a moment, the Mr. HAYDEN. Very well, 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10485 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ab China was then seated in the Security formed by the will of the nation, substan sence of a quorum is suggested. The Council as Russia has tried to bring tially declared." (Moore: Digest, I, 120.) clerk will call the roll. about by a form of parliamentary This sounds very simple. But think of its implications in practice. What is ,meant by The legislative clerk called the roll, blackmail, the Security Council would the words "formed by"? What are the tests and the foil owing Senators answered to have been prevented from taking the of the "will of the nation"? What consti their names: prompt and decisive action it did take tutes "subsantial" declaration? In some Aiken Gurney Martin in the Korean situation. cases, all very easy; in many cases, more Anderson Hayden Maybank As far back as January 17 of this year than difficult. Benton Hendrickson Millikin Those words of Jefferson were written a Brewster Hickenlooper Morse I developed this question of recognition Bricker Hill Mundt in great detail. On this :floor I stated: long time ago. They were not Jefferson's Bridges Hoey Murray only words regarding recognition,. Jefferson Butler Holland Myers Recognition of Red China by any country spoke of "our principles," not of a duty or Byrd Humphrey Neely which has been engaged in the fight to con a right. Capehart Hunt O'Conor tain world communism is surrender on an In practice, the seemingly simple test of Chapman Ives O'Mahoney other front of the cold war. (CoNGREssroNAL origin by the substantially declared will of Chavez Jenner Pepper · RECORD, Jan. 17, 1950, p. 471.) Connally Johnson, Colo. Robertson the people has seldom been deemed con Cordon Johnson, Tex. Russell Had we recognized Red China at that clusive; there have been applied along with parby Kem Saltonstall time, the tragedy would have proved to or even without it other tests. The tests Donnell Kerr Schoeppel most often mentioned relate to: (a) effec Douglas Kilgore Smith, Maine be a double one. First, it would have ·tiveness of authority; (b) ability or capacity Dworshak Langer Smith,N. J. been a spiritual blow to the hopes of all to fulfill international obligations; and (c) Eastland Leahy Stennis people of the world, particularly those in Ecton Lehman Taft disposition or willingness to adhere to inter Ellender Lodge Thomas, Okla. southeastern Asia, who look to us for national obligations, both of treaty and of Ferguson Lucas Thomas, Utah leadership in -the effort to resist the in law. Flanders McCarran Thye roads of communism. Second, it would Professor Lauterpacht, affirming existence Frear McCarthy Tydings of a duty, says: Fulbright McClellan Watkins have made it possible for Red China to George McFarland Wherry paralyze the .Security Council by veto "When [the new government] enjoys, with Gillette McKellar Wiley while the North Korean Communist in a reasonable prospect of permanency, the Graham Magnuson Williams habitual, willing obedience of the bulk of Green Malone Young vaders achieved another territorial out the population, outside states are under a post in the advance of communism. legal duty to recognize it in that capacity... The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo All the reasons I advanced against (Lauterpacht: Recognition in International rum is present. The Senator from Ari recognition of Communist China are re Law, 1947, pp. 87-88.) zona is recognized. inforced by Mr. Hornbeck's excellent pa There is a good deal of qualification in Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, I yield per and by the crucial events in recent that statement.· to the Senator from Michigan. world history. It is to make this record Secretary of State Cordell Hull, in the RECOGNITION OF COMMUNIST CHINA complete that I have asked to have course of a communication to Mr. Tinkham, Member of Congress, May 16, 1936, wrote: "It Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I Stanley Hornbeck's paper printed at this is the rule of the United States 'to defer pave before me a scholarly study dealing time. recognition • • • [of a new government) with the Recognition of Governments, There being no objection, the docu ·until it shall appear that it is in possession with special consideration of the current ment was ordered to be printed in the of the machinery of the state, administering RECORD, as follows: the government with the assent of the people problem with regard to governments in thereof and without substantial resistance to China. The paper was written by Stan For the purposes of this part of this morn its authority, and that it is in position to ful• ~ey K. Hornbeck and was presented at t.he ing's discussion we shall consider only one fl.11 all the international obligations and re of the various situations in which the ques forty-fourth annual meetin~ of the sponsibilities incumbent upon a sovereign ·American Society of International Law tion of according recognition arises; namely, state under treaties and international law.' that in which declaration and claim are You will appreciate that the length of time ''n Washington, on April 29, 1950. The made that there has come to power in place aper will be printed in the proceedings _necessary for a new government to satisfy g of an old government a new government. our government upon these points will vary f the society, but its application to re A · particular case is presented currently to a great extent as cases vary." (Hackworth, cent action in the United Nations Secu with regard to China, and to that particular Digest, I, 174, quoted in Hyde, 2d revised ed., fity Council on the Korean situation case we shall in due course give particular 1947, pp. 159-160.) piakes the study particularly timely now. attention. From and by developments in Professor Hyde says: 'ro make it available to Congress now, China there has been and is presented the question: Shall or should the United States "No diffi.culty presents itself when a change i shall ask unanimous consent to have it accord recognition to the government re• Is wrought through normal processes and th~ printed at the close of my remarks. cently proclaimed at Peking as the Govern result is accepted as a mere incident in the life or growth of the state concerned. The 1 Mr. Hornbeck is well known for his ment of the People's Republic of China? long service in the Department of State (For convenience, as we proceed, that Gov situation may be obscure, however, when a as Chief of the Division of Far Eastern ernment will be called China's Communist contest for governmental control is waged Government, and the Government which by force of arms or by other processes not Affairs and as United States Ambassa contemplated-by local laws; the completeness dor to the Netherlands. the United States recognized in 1928 and still recognizes will be called China's Nation of the success of a contestant may be fairly After presenting the main prinoiples al Government.) open to doubt for a protracted period, and of recognition of governments as devel even after its adherents assume to exercise It is important that the phenomenon of the functions of government. In such cases oped by authoritative scholars, Mr. taking cognizance of be clearly distinguished Hornbeck makes a reasoned and valu foreign states may, and oftentimes do, with from and be not confused with that of hold recognition until they are themselves as able application of them to the specific according recognition. Recognition is a mat sured where the victory really lies. The suf question of how the United States ought ter of affirmative official action, involving ficiency of such assurance depends obviously to deal with the attempt of Communist an exercise of judgment and affecting status upon the circumstances of the particular China to have its government recog and relationships. case. • • • As international law imposes nized in the place of the Nationalist Re Consensus of legal opinion runs to the no obligation upon a state to accord recogni public of China. In the course of his effect that there exists no absolute legal ob tion to a new government • • • at any paper Mr. Hornbeck gives strong reasons ligation on the part of any government to particular time, the bare withholding of it accord recognition to another; and, con [recognition] is a matter of policy." (Hyde, and argument why the United States versely, no clearly defined legal right on the 2d ed., I, pp. 159-160.) need not and should not recognize the part of any government to receive recognition Where there exist, as in China today, two Communist Government of China at this from another. There is some dissent, but contending regimes, one long since recognized time. none in which it is contended that there and for many years in good standing, the Mr. Hornbeck developed this material exists an unqualified duty or an unqualified other merely and newly claimant, it stands before the recent outbreak in Korea. right. In practice, decisions to accord or to reason that the problem presented to other to withhold recognition are made by the countries is more complicated than is that Proceedings in the Security Council on Executive and are based largely on political the Korean situation offer powerful sup presented in cases where an older regime has (including economic) as distinguished from been destroyed or has disappeared and a new port to the wisdom of Mr. Hornbeck's legal considerations. regime exercises nation-wide and unchal conclusions. If the United States had Thomas Jefferson wrote tn 1792: "It ac lenged authority in its place. Toward an old recognized Communist China when we cords with our principles to acknowledge regime still extant, third parties have more were pressed to do so, and if Communist any government to be rightful which is of obligation than they have toward a new 10486 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 regime not wholly and undisputedly estab relations, whether of nations or of indi !nation by communism. The Chinese Com lished. viduals. munists, whether they are or are not con Lauterpacht says: "In the view of this Government, there trolled by the Kremlin, are allies of the "So long as the lawful government offers cannot be any common ground upon which Moscow regime. They imitate the Russian resistance which is not ostensibly hopeless it can stand with a power whose conceptions Soviet system, •they use its methods and or purely nominal, the de jure recognition of international relations are so entirely they follow the made-in-Moscow party line. of the revolutionary party as a government alien to its own, so utterly repugnant to its There is seldom need for hurrying to rec constitutes premature recognition which the moral sense. • • • We cannot recognize, ognize. Occasionally, there may be an ad lawful government is entitled to regard as an hold official relations with, or give friendly vantage or a fancied advantage to be gained act of intervention contrary to international reception to the agents of a Government by quick action. There was a chance of law. • • • Premature recognition is a which is determined and bound ·to conspire advantage in our prompt recognition of the tortious act against the legal government; against our institutions; whose diplomats will Kerensky regime in Russia. Our resent rec it is a brea-ch of international law. • • • be the agitators of dangerous revolt; whose ognit ion of the Bao Dai regime in Indochina Such abuse of the power of recognition is spokesmen say that they sign agreements m ay or may not prove to have served use vividly illustrated by the recognition by Ger with no intention of keeping them." (Colby, ful purposes. Generally speaking, however, many and Italy of the Spanish insurgents letter to Italian Ambassador, May 10, 1920: the more hurried is recognition, the more in the early stages of the Spanish Civil War Foreign Relations, 1920, III, 463ff.) speculative is that action. in 1936. • • • It is not for outside states In 1923, Secretary of State Hughes wrote: There was pressure a few months ago, both to administer to the de jure government the "When there Is a question as to the will of 1n official and in unofficial quarters, for quick coup de grace by transferring full sover the nation it has generally been regarded as recognition_ of the Communist regime in eignty to the victorious opponent." (Lau a wise precaution to give sufficient t ime to China. When that regime declared itself terpacht, 1947, 94-96.) enable a new regime to prove its stability a government, the Soviet Union gave it rec Judge John Bassett Moore stated in the and the apparent acquiescence of the people ognition at once and 10 other Communist Digest (vol. I, p. 73) : "Premature recognition in the exercise of the authority it has as countries promptly followed suit. There constitutes an act of intervention, commit sumed. • • • was pressure for early and concerted recog ted in favor of insurgents or of a conqueror." "In the case of the existing regime in nition by several non-Communist States. Recognition may or may not be, to use a Russia, there has not only been * • • Burma, India, Pakistan, and Ceylon soon fell British phrasing, "a mark of approbation," tyrannical procedure • • • which has in line. After them, the United Kingdom. but an according of recognition to a new caused the question of the submission or Of the 25 governments which have thus far regime, with a corollary withdrawal of recog acquiescence of the Russian people to re (up to April 29, 1950) accorded recognition, nition from an old, certainly constitutes a main an open one, but also a repudiation of 12 are Communist, 7 others are Asiatic, 6 choosing as between the two. It may not the obligations inherent in international in others are European. The Government of signify moral approval of the new, but it tercourse and a defiance of the principles the United Kingdom is the only one that certainly signifies transfer of legal approval upon which it alone can be conducted. represents an English-speaking people. from the old to the new: it takes from the '"What is most seripus is that there is Latest on the list, chronologically, · are Viet old and gives to the new the stamp of political conclusive evidence that those in control Minh, Switzerland, arid the Netherlands. acceptability and a certification of legal ac at Moscow · have not given up their original Conspicuously absent frortl. the list are the ceptance. purpose of destroying existing governments United States, Canada, and all other coun In the situation which now prevails in throughout the world. • • • tries of the Western Hemisphere, Australia, China, an according of recognition to the "While this spirit of destruction • • • New Zealand, South Africa, the United Communist regime involves withdrawal of remains unaltered the question of recogni States of Indonesia, Ireland (Eire), France, recognition from the National Government. tion by our Government • * • cannot be Italy, Spain, and Portugal. As the Chinese Ambassador to Great Britain determined by mere economic considera Reasons publicly given by high officials of stated to the Foreign Office official who in tions • • • or simply by a consideration the United ~ingdom for that government's formed him of the British Government's in of the probable stab111ty of the regime in action ran to the effect that by prompt rec tention to recognize the Communist regime, question. There cannot be intercourse ognition they expected to gain commercial. the according to that recognition amounted among nations any more th.an among in political, and cultural advantages. Thus far to a "burying-alive," in British-Chinese rela dividuals except upon assumption of good there do not seem to have accrued any such tions, of the National Government. Such faith. • • • The sentiment of our peo advan_tages. action should under no circumstances be ple is not deemed to be favorable to the Arguments advanced in the United States taken without a very thorough weighing of acceptance into political fellowship of this by advocates of early recognition have been all available facts and all conceivable im regime so long as it denies the essential similar to those which prevailed in the plications and possible consequences. basis of intercourse and cherishes, as an ul United Kingdom but with emphasis on Recognition is not an essential for main timate • • • aim, the destruction· of points to the effect that the Communist tenance of contact and carrying on of the free institutions which we have labo government represents the people of China; business, nor does it, when given, ensure or riously built up, containing as they do the that, toward befriending that people, we insure either of these. necessary assurances of the freedom of la must recognize and assist that regime; and Merchants of many countries carried on bor upon which our prosperity must de that, by so doing, we will drive a wedge business with the Chinese, and "foreign" pend. • • • between China and Russia. During recent missionaries worked in China long before "We are unable • • • to find any rea months the Chinese Communist leaders there were effected between their Govern sons for separating (i. e., differentiating) have, by their own acts and utterances, sub ments and the Government of China ar the regime and its purpose from those who stantially undermined these contentions. rangements constituting or implying recip animate it and control it and direct it • • • rocal recognition. Later, after formal diplo so as to further their aims." (Hughes letter There is little that the United States might matic relations had been established, the to Samuel Gompers July 19, 1923. See Hyde, with any warrant expect to gain by a pre existence of these relations and the agen 2d edition, I, 170-1.) cipitate recognition of a regime which, com cies thereof by no means sufficed, in numer The United States withheld recognition mitted to the destruction of freedom, has de ous instances, adequately to safeguard the of the Soviet Government until a new ad clared the United States next in line after rights, including even that of life, of "for ministration here had become convinced Chiang Kai-shek among the objects of its eigners" in Chin·a or of Chinese nationals that that government met most of the political enmity. There also is little that we abroad. standard tests of what constitutes a recog need expect to lose by pursuing in this con When the United States of America came nizable government and that it would be nection a policy of wait and see. Our finan into existence, the Russian Government re reasonable and advantageous to accord it cial investment in China is not large. Our frained for many years from recognizing this recognition. Then we laid down conditions; trade with China is not vital. Our cultural country. When the Union of Soviet Socialist we asked and_we were given pledges. And, investment is substantial and our infiuence Republics came into existence, we refrained even at that, we were deceived. The Russian -has been of consequence. But, with or with for many years from recognizing its govern Soviet Government has disregarded both its out recognition, the Communist regime may ment. There was, however, in each case, general legal obligations and its particular be expected to deal arbitrarily with all of contact and carrying on of business. pledges, including those made then to us these. In 1920, secretary of State Colby wrote: and those made before and since to· us and There exists, however, a situation which "That the present rulers of Russia do not to other countries. makes the question of what to do about the rule by the will or the consent of any con There is little if any warrant for an ex National Government and the Communist siderable proportion of the Russian people pectation that, with or without recognition regime in China a lively and a thorny .Issue; ts an incontestable fact. • • • and with or without pledges, the perform controversy has developed regarding repre "• • • the existing regime in Russia is ance of the Communist regime in China sentation of China on the Security Council based upon the negation of every principle will differ very greatly from the performances and elsewhere in the United Nations. The of honor and good faith, and every usage of the Communist regimes in Russia and in Chinese Communist regime demands that it and convention, underlying the whole struc other Communist countries. All Commu be admitted and the representation of the ture of international law; the negation, in nists are committed to the destruction of National Government be expelled. The So short, Of every· principle upon which it is -persons and peoples, institutions and agen -viet Union supports that twofold demand possible to base harmonious and trustful :ctes which stand in the· way of world dam- and is trying, with its walkout and boycott 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10487 tactics, to blackmail the United Nations into In brief, by adoption of Mr. Lie's proposal in regard to the Far East as a whole, our complian ce with it. The United Nations, the United Nations might presumably effect objectives in regard to the world as a whole. embarrassed first by the Chinese National a relaxation of the immediate Soviet pres A decision to recognize the Communist gov Government's preferring of charges against sure upon it; would, by establishing an 111- ernment in China, made and implemented the Soviet Union, and embarrassed further omened precedent, invite resort by success independently of decisions with regard to now by the Chinese Communist Govern ful aggressors to further such pressures at those questions and problems, might easily ment's demands and the pressure applied by their convenience; would create for many add to, rather than reduce, the sum total the Soviet Government in support thereof, of its members new perplexities; and would of our difficulties in pursuit of and regarding is greatly concerned about the menace to it add to the bewilderment and apprehension our major and constant objectives of peace, of this Soviet pressure, more concerned, it of multitudes of men of good will who, ob Justice, and security. would seem, than it has thus far shown serving the strength of the modern tendency Getting down to fundamentals: We recog itself to be about the menace to the world toward solutions of fancied expediency, are nized the National Government of China 22 of Soviet pressures of the past 5 years in being driven to wonder what faith can with years ago. That government is still extant China and against a government there which warrant be placed in treaties,_ conventions, and we still recognize it. That government the Soviet Government had expressly pledged charters, and international law as instru made resistance even as did we to Japanese itself, in special agreements, to support. ments for the safeguarding of the rights and totalitarian aggression. That government is In and regarding this situation, the Gov interests of nations and of peoples and of making resistance, even as are we, to Com ernment of the United S'tates has taken an persons. munist totalitarian aggression. In the con affirmative position toward sidetracking con Yet, within the Lie proposal there is a flict between democracy and totalitarianism sideration of the Chinese Government's germ of a possibly good idea. Might not in which we are reluctantly but inescapably charges against the Soviet Union and has the members of the family of nations to engaged, it can be no help to us to have that taken an essentially negative position toward advantage delegate to the United Nations, government disappear. the question of representation of China in by some orderly process, the function of rec A. decision on the part of the United States the United Nations. Its spokesmen have de ognition? Might not this be practicable if to recognize the Communist regime in China clared that its delegation will vote against there first were formulated and adopted, to would require first a decision to terminate recognition by the United Nations of the be followed by the United Nations in its per our recognition of the National Government. Communist regime but will not resort to the formance of that function, a set of rules, Implementing of such a decision would in veto and will accept such verdict as may be including criteria, toward according or with volve, constitute, and signify complete aban arrived at by the votes of the majority. holding of recognition? Might not some donment by the United States of the Na The Secretary General of the United Nations such steps tend to take questions of recog tional Government and should imply and bas formulated and has actively propagated a. nition out of politics, to relieve many gov involve intention on the part of the United proposal that the United Nations pass upon ernments of one category of embarrassing States to refrain from any encouragement the question of Chinese representation to and and time-consuming problems, and to re of resistance to the authority in China of within it without reference to the policies duce or eliminate one of the all too many the government thereupon or thereafter rec or action of its member states individually causes of friction and contention between ognized by us in place of the government in regard to recognition, and that the United and among states, governments, and peoples? thus "buried alive." Nations make its test that of exercise of "ef The idea of a collective decision in regard Such a taking and giving, such a transfer fective authority within the territory of the to recognition ls not new. It has been pro of legal approval, by the American Govern state" and "habitual obedience by the bulk pounded from time to time and in various ment, under now prevailing circumstances, of the population." versions. would signify to the Chinese people, to many Adoption of that proposal by the United Left to themselves, individuals, govern other peoples, and to more than a few of Nations would presumably lead to unseat ments, nations, and the United Nations see ing the representation of the National Gov our own people, that in this critical case the China in a great variety of lights and see United States prefers acceptance of a Com ernment and seating a representation of the in China and regarding China very different Communist Government. Notwithstanding munist domination achieved by force to a actualities and possib1lities. And no wonder. continuance of resistance thereto by a gov the fact that the National Government still To most people China, old China, has always has complete control over the whole of For ernment which has declined or has been un been more or less a mystery. Today's Com able to comply with American advice or de mosa, which long was and presumably now munist China ls so different from anything is Chinese territory, with an area greater mands or both. with which the Occident has been really What may have been in mind when it was than that of Maryland and Delaware com familiar that the more we see and hear of it, bined and a population almost equal in stated in the white book that we believe the more we feel like saying, with the coun that ultimately the civ1lization and individ numbers to that of Australia, and that the 11 tryman at the zoo, There ain't no such ualism of China will "reassert themselves Communist regime's authority is still dis animal." puted at various points on the mainland, it and • • • throw off the foreign yoke" For, as Professor Steiner, after an inten and that we 11should encourage all develop ls mathematically true that the Communist sive study of its foreign policy, has recently regime does now exercise authority, exten ments in China which • • • work to sively speaking, over most of the territory concluded: "Communist China typifies a new ward this end" is a fair subject for con of China. kind of state, organized and motivated by a jecture. The principle of seating on the basis of revolutionary ethic thoroughly incompatible In the light of our traditional policies, mere possession of power would be consist with the existing structure of international especially of developments therein since 1928 · ent wit h policies of neutrality, noninterven law and relations. It struggles to attain . and particularly of those since 1944, it would tion, an d noninvolvement, but not with pur unbridled freedom of action for the imple seem that we, the United States, should be suit of the objective of maintaining peace mentation of doctrines which can no longer among the last of the democracies to certify be exposed to objective scrutiny and evalua with justice between and among nations. China's National Government legally de· tion. If it accepts restraint, it does so from funct. And in the light of our current poli The test of effective control is one part, political and tactical considerations alone but only one, of the _three-part standard cies and of the recent utterances and acts test of qualification for recognition. Were and not from any sense of legal obligation of the Chinese Communist authorities we the United Nations to adopt the principle under international law. International law certainly should be among the last to certify that effective control suffices for seating in does not even receive its lip service." China's Communist regime the government the Security Council, and were it then to (Steiner, H. Arthur, American Journal of of China. International Law, vol. 44, January 1950, In that context and as matters stand, there seat a representative of China's Communist p. 99.) regime, it would thereby be certifying to all persist a number of serious questions not concerned. that in its view that regime has How can any responsible government, com lightly to be answered or to be brushed effective control and is ipso facto qualified mitted to the principles and policies which aside: for acceptance. It would set a precedent have been and which are those of the United Can we afford to abandon a friendly gov implying that it does not expect to concern States, seeking to act intelligently and rea ernment to the fashioning of whose predica itself, and the world need not, with ques sonably, with the real long swing interests ment we have contributed, while that gov tions of the origin or the character or the of its own and other peoples on its mind ernment still lives and still is resisting a policies of regimes which, having acquired and in its heart and in its hands, expect or common enemy? substantial control of a preponderance of be expected to accord recognition to such Can we afford to add, by such an act, to territory, claim the right to speak ex a political prodigy without having first de the doubts regarding our standards and our clusively for the whole of nations thus af- voted ample time to study of its origin and reliab1lity which already exist in the minds fected. · to observation of its structure, its activities, of various peoples whom we exhort to stand Decisions to those effects by the United its habits, its a1Hllations and its proclivities? with us in a common effort to combat com Nations would put states which have not For the United States the question what munism and produce conditions of national recognized China's Communist government, to do about China's Communist regime is and international security? especially the United States, in an awkward only one of many questions currently im Can we afford not only to withhold sup position. It would compel them either to plicit in the problem of relations with China port but to withdraw recognition from a abandon their present positions vis-a-vis and China's neighbors. This question government which ls actively and tena China's National Government or to develop should, then, be considered in the light ciously resisting, with armed force, the ad within and for themselves split political per- of other and larger questions, our over-all vance of communism? Were we to follow 1onalities. objectives in regard to China, our objectives such courses now, how could we reasonably 10488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 expect opportunity to develop wherein we States continues to recognize the National our experience or disaster will overwhelm would even up by encouraging and support Government, and it would be "premature" us. ing revolt in that area at some future (that was Mr. Acheson's word) to consider moment? now any shifting of that position. [Ap I happen to be a United States Senator Can we afford, taking into account all plause.) who can make this speech. For 14 years, known factors, to invest heavily in support as a Member of.the United States Senate, of resistance to the menace of communism MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE ·I have consistently held the same course. in western Europe and at some points in A message from the House of Repre Since 1937 I have urged, I have argued, I eastern Asia and elsewhere and at the same sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its have pl~aded. I have said, "Resist small time to declare disqualified a government actively engaged in resistance to an armed reading clerks, announced that the aggression before it becomes large ag subjugation by communism of the most vi House had passed, without amendment, gression." I have said, "Quench the bon tal area and the most durably influential the following bills of the Senate: fire before it becomes a major conflagra nation in eastern Asia? S. 382. An act for the relief of Wong Suey tion." Can we afford to accept, by facilitating the Wing; I voted against passage of the Neu completion of the Communist l60nquest of S. 841. An act for the relief of Michele trality Act, that law which prevented Chin'a and consolidation by the Commu Bartolomeo Marchisio; us from sending assistance to those who nists of their position in that pivotal and S. 976. An act for the relief of Vartan opposed Hitler and his fellow conspira crucial area, the increase which will inevi Chamsarian; tably result therefrom of Communist pres tors against the peace. I was one of six S. 1262. An act for the relief of Juliana Senators to vote against this law in sure upon and against other areas in the Far Mendiola Alastra; East in which we have interests and involve March 1937. ments, especially Japan, Korea, and the S. 1779. An act for the relief of Phil By my votes and by my speeches, which Philippines? Meyers, also known as Gil Meyers; are in the RECORD, I supported Selective Can we afford to accept by default the loss S. 2077. An act for the relief of Francisco Service, Lend-Lease, and each and every of the advantage which it might be to us to Gonzalez Perez; have remain alive in China at least a nu S. 2277. An act for the relief of George A. program to maintain and extend our cleus of organized resistance, some element Voregarethsos (George Spiro Chatmos); military strength, to build our Army, allied with us in the common cause of re S. 2296. An act for the relief of Maria Navy, and Air Force. All these pro sistance by freemen and free peoples to the Cicerelli; and grams, and a multitude of others, had armed advance of communism? S. 2676. An act for the relief of Kimie my support. Sometimes the number of With regard to China's Communist gov Yamada Ina and her daughter, Ritsuko Ina. Senators to agree with my position was ernment, we owe to China as a state and, The message also announced that the pitifully small. But Hitler and Musso- , therefore, to .any authorities functioning in lini were on the march and the Japanese or for any part of China, respect on our part House had agreed, without amendment, for the international legal obligations that · to the concurrent resolution Alger Hiss. This white tinuing to stand, look, and listen. Mean ure·. We must know where 'we are go paper, a monstrous excuse for ·losing the while, -as the Secretary of State, Mr. Ache- - ing. _We .must chart a course. We must key to the Orient, was issued on Augu:rt son, said 4 we-eks ago (April 5), the United take heed of our failures and profit from 5, 1949. The next day the senior Sena- 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10489 tor from Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG] been In such good shape except when actually write of bitterness and despair in the had read enough of it to call for a new at war. hearts of some of our men. policy in China. Secretary Johnson chimed in on March I have no doubt this is the so-called It was only last December 23 that the 13 when he testified before a Senate ap German scientist program coming home State Department issued the secret priations subcommittee: to roost. At some future time I intend memorandum instructing our diplomats The Army is stronger today than at any to tell the Senate how the program of in the Far East to write off the island of time since the end of the war. • • • And President Truman and our military lead Formosa as of no strategic importance. as for the Air Force, it is in the highest.state ers, aimed at bringing over 1,000 German This moved the last Republican Presi of combat readiness since the war. scientists to the United States after dent, Herbert Hoover, to raise his states World War II, was scotched by one man man's voice in protest. He suggested, On May 5 it was President Truman in the State Department. The program only last January 2, that the Navy should again. His statement as published in the was less than one-fourth effective. This be used, if necessary, to defend Formosa. New York Herard Tribune of that date man boasted that the scientist program His suggestion was endorsed by the Sen was: might be approved by the President of ator from California [Mr. KNOWLANDJ, He (President Truman) 1s not alarmed the United States and the Cabinet, but Senator from Ohio [Mr. TAFTJ, ·and over the possibility of a shooting war with it was not approved by him. He stopped Russia, and backed up his optimism with others. disclosure that next year's defense budget . it. The German brains went to Russia. The secret memorandum of December will be smaller than the one Congress is now Now, the Russian tanks have impene 23, 1949, indicates how our foreign policy working on. • • • He told his weekly trable armor. And that man is still em .. has shifted to suit the whims of Joseph news conference the cold war situation is ployed in the State Department of the Stalin. Formosa had no importance to better now that it was in 1946. United States. the United States in December 1949. On June 2, just 23 days before the Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will But on June 3, 1945, when the Commu Korean outbreak, the Baltimore Sun the Senator yield? nists had no designs on Formosa, our Mr. BRIDGES. I yield to the Senator quotes President Truman, at his weekly from Michigan. State Department issued an official bulle news conference, as saying that he does tin which commented as follows, with Mr. FERGUSON. Being a member of not expect war. "In fact," he is quoted the Committee on Appropriations, with regard to Formosa: as saying, "the world is closer now to With the exception of Singapore, no loca permanent peace than at any time in the the senior Senator from New Hampshire, tion in the Far East occupies such a con when the evidence about the stopping of · trolling position. (State .Department bulle last 5 years." these scientists was produced, I should tin, dated June 3, 1945 ," vol. 12, No. 310, p. The administration.said these things. like to ask him whether it was not true 1019.) Whether the administration believed that the man who claimed to have the them or not, I do not know. I knew capacity to stop the bringing of these On January 12, Secretary Acheson better, and I assume the President's warned against "foolish adventures" in German scientists into this country was sources of information are better than operating in the Security Division of the the Far East. Dean Acheson's policy had mine. other advocates. President Truman at a State Department. The fact is, we are not prepared for a Mr. BRIDGES. That is my under press conference on January 5 released showdown in Korea or anywhere else. State Department bulletin, volume 22, standing. I do not know that he is still Although we have been appropriating in the Security Division of the State De No. 550, dated January 16, 1950, which · about $15,000,000,000 a year for our de said on page 79 : partment, but I understand he is still in fense establishment, we find we have the State Department. The United States Government will not too little. The administration has Mr. FERGUSON. He is in the State pursue a course which will lead to involve set its sights too low insofar as our arms ment in the civil conflict in China. Department at the present time? Similarly, the United States Government programs have · been concerned. Each Mr. BRIDGES. That is correct. will not provide military aid or advice to military appropriation of the last 3 years Mr. FERGUSON. It is true, is it not, Chinese forces on Formosa. has been the subject of administrative that evidence was given before the com economy cuts. They did not even spend mittee at that time, that there was delay Another Democratic spokesman got the money the Congress voted for the in the examination of the loyalty files, into the act on January 9. The senior arms programs. The only approach to and that changes had been made in dif Senator from Texas [Mr. CONNALLY], economy made by our governmental ferent boards, because of which delay chairman of the Senate Foreign Rela planners has been in the field of had resulted for months with respect to tions Committee, said on the Senate preparedness. examination of the loyalty files? floor: While we made these false economies Mr. BRIDGES. The Senator is abso No, Mr. President, I shall not favor sending on our national defense budget, we have lutely correct. Such evidence was given a single American boy with a gun in his spent billions of dollars in the last 5 hand to Formosa to settle a civil war six or at that time. seven thousand miles away from his home, years to buy surplus commodities and to Mr. FERGUSON. Was there not 1n order to appease the political ambitions maintain artificially high food prices. some evidence that the same man who and the oratorical frothings of Senators. We have accumulated an unbelievable boasted about his capacity to thwart the food surplus, but no surplus of tanks or desires of the President of the United This was the line. Senators could not planes. Commodity surpluses are no States had some responsibility for those be appeased. Joe Stalin was the man to good to the men in Korea. It is not pos delays? appease. sible to stop Communist tg,nks with sur Mr. BRIDGES. Yes; he certainly did. As the Chinese Communists move up plus potatoes or surplus peanuts. Mr. President, I desire to make it per to the Korean front in support of Korean The theory of the hand-out state is fectly clear that the military leaders Communists, how ridiculous these recent now seen in its true perspective. We had wanted to have the German scientists words fro·m. the lips and pens of our a choice of providing adequate military brought here, the President wanted them leaders. security or providing hand-ont billions. brought here, but one man in the State But that is not all. So determined We chose to spend our money for hand Department, who is still in the State were these men to pursue this policy of outs. We bought votes instead of bul Department, according to my under appeasement that they have failed to lets. Our leadership took the easy way. standing, boasted that he would stop provide our soldiers with the minimum Now we must live the hard way and it will such a program regardless of what the equipment they now need to defend be. that much harder. President of the United States wanted or themselves. Not only did our leaders I want to make the position of this what any member of the Cabinet mislead us, they made statements about Republican Senator crystal clear. I am wanted. it. Again, it is certainly with no sense for our men in Korea. They are facing Mr. KEM. Mr. President, will the of pleasure that I quote. overwhelming odds. They see our ba Senator yield for a question? In the March 3 edition of the New zooka shells and our artillery making hits Mr. BRIDGES. Certainly. York Herald Tribune, President Truman on Russian tanks. They see these hits Mr. KEM. I should like to ask the is quoted as follows: bouncing off the Russian armor like Senator from New Hampshire if he be The President added that never in the marbles. They see the tanks plunge lieves that the shipment of war mate ·history of the United States had its defenses ahead. No wonder front-line reporters rials from the countries· of western 10490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 Europe to Russia and other countries tries and thus jeopardize our national of American boys, were running on the behind the iron curtain has in any way defense, handicap us in fighting an all gasoline supplied by a supposed ally of contributed to the war armament our out war, and hurt our chances not only ours. The situation being such as it is, boys ar-e now being required to meet in of national defense but of winning a vic such shipments of oil should have been Korea? tory in such a war. stopped before this. The shipment of Mr. BRIDGES.. I think it undoubt Mr. BRIDGES. I think the Senator is such oil was a terrible thing. I am very edly has. If we were so careless as to correct. happy that finally the British, as of this allow our citizens or our allies to ship Mr. WHERRY. Would the Senator say afternoon, have announced that they material of military significance to Rus the same thing with respect to steel and have decided to stop such shipments of sia or the satellite countries, we are cer rubber~ We are supplying all kinds of oil. · tainly, to that extent, guilty of having articles to the ECA countries for their Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, will contributed to the present military .· peacetime requirements at a time when the Senator yield? · situation. there is no longer involved the question Mr. BRIDGES. I yield. Mr. KEM. I should like to ask the of the dollar gap. It is a question of Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I should like to ask Senator from New Hampshire if it is not whether we can allocate these materials the distinguished Senator if the United true that we learn from the reports from to the ECA countries when it is necessary Nations machinery, under which we ap the front in Korea that the Russian for us to use such materials properly to parently have gone into Korea, should tanks are superior to any tanks we have defend ourselves, and send war materials not have been invoked immediately to in the field? to the front lines, where they are so badly prevent members of the United Nations Mr. BRIDGES. Such reports come to needed by the boys who are giving up from participating in or carrying out us. their lives to def end us on foreign soil. such an arrangement as the Senator is Mr. KEM. In that connection is it not Mr. BRIDGES. I have in my hand referring to, namely, permitting busi significant that the shipments of ma today's afternoon newspaper in which ness as usual to continue with respect chine tools from the United Kingdom there is an article headed "British Stop to strategic materials and war supplies, into Russia in the first 4 months of_1950 Sending Oil to Chinese Reds; Services and certainly oils and gas and all such were 10 times the amount of the ship Take It Over." Perhaps that is the materials? ments of such machine tools in the cor article to which the Senator from Ne Mr. BRIDGES. Since we are now act responding period in 1949? braska previously referred. ing as a part of the United Nations police Mr. BRIDGES. That is my under Mr. WHERRY. It is. I ask the Sena force, so to speak, in Korea, and so forth, standing. tor if he will place it in the RECORD at and when the United Nations is calling Mr. KEM. Is it not true that those this point as a part of his remarks? upon other nations to cooperate in fur are official figures obtained from the De Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, I ask nishing war material and armed forces, partment of Commerce? unanimous consent that the article from certainly, as the Senator from Kansas Mr. BRIDGES. I understand they are the Washington Evening Star of today well knows, it is just as important that official figures obtained from the De to which I have just referred may be supplies and equipment shall go to the partment of Commerce. printed in full in the RECORD at this forces sent to Korea, as is the sending Mr. KEM. What sort of business is it point. of the forces themselves. Therefore, for us to be furnishing England steel There being no objection, the article in getting at the root of the trouble, cer and industrial equipment and having was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tainly the United Nations should come England in turn shipping it to Russia for as follows: into play in that respect. I think the sale? BRITISH STOP SENDING On. TO CHINESE REDS; Senator from Kansas is absolutely Mr. BRIDGES. I cannot understand SERVICES TAKE IT OVER-ARMED FORCES TO correct. it. As the Senator knows, it was an UsE SHELL Co. STOCKS l'OR KOREA OPERA- Mr. President, the matter of the Ger nounced in the afternoon newspapers TIO NS man scientists was very important. The that Great Britain has finally stopped LONDON, July 18.-A Foreign Office spokes Senator from Michigan [Mr. FERGU sending oil and gasoline to the Com man announced today that Britain has SON], the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. stopped all oil shipments to Red China. WHERRY], and many other Senators who munists in Korea. British services operating in the Far East w~re interested in that situation at the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will decided to take over all stocks of oil there the Senator yield? for their own uses. Their needs have in time it was being considered, remember Mr. BRIDGES. I yield. creased because of operations undertaken what took place. We sat in commmittee Mr. WHERRY. After that question in carrying out the United Nations Security and heard a man testify that this indi has been raised on the fioor for the past Council resolution for bringing back peace vidual said he did ·not care what the several years by the distinguished Sena to Korea, the spokesman said. program of the President of the United tor from New Hampshire, and especially Britain earlier this month turned down an States or of the Cabinet was, that by the distinguished· Senator from Mis American suggestion that oil shipments to he was going to block the coming into Red China be limited. The Foreign Oftl.ce the United States of German scien souri, and also in some measure by the spokesman at that time said only oil for junior Senator from Nebraska, the ques civilian consumption was going to Red China. tists. As the result of this attitude on tion has been asked: What abOut it? The spokesman said only one British com the part of some of our civilians, against Yesterday the junior Senator from pany-Shell-has been selling out to the the advice of the President and the mili Nebraska, as the Senator from New Chinese Communists. In the first 6 months tary authorities, the entry into the Hampshire may remember, asked the of this year, he said, total supplies amounted United States of a sufficient number of to 26,000 tons-less than a tenth of China's scientists was blocked, and Russia ob question whether we should continue to civilian requirements. give ECA aid to the various beneficiary tained the bulk of them. We obtained The spokesman added: only a few. countries and permit them to continue "The question of the future supply of oil to sell strategic materials to Russian products to China has, however, became Let us face the cold, grim, bloody satellite countries, which strategic mate academic, since the British service depart facts. America is in a shooting war. rials finally reach their destination in ments (army, navy, air force), acting in l'he cold war is over. This may be the the hands of the Russian Government? terms of the United Nations Security Coun opening skirmish of World War III. cil resolution on Korea, have decided to take Americans can honestly face these facts. I have here an Associated Press article over all stocks of oil held by the Shell Co. Americans can be realistic. dated London, July 18, in which the fol in the theater." Or we can continue to hide our heads lowing appears: The fuel in stock in the Far East will be in the sand, utter pious hopes for the · British services operating in the Far East used by the British fieet and, presumably, by success of the United Nations under decided to take over all stocks of oil there British planes. Trygve Lie, who has played the Com for their own uses. Mr. BRIDGES. The article says the munist tune, and continue to soften our I submit to the distinguished Senator British have stopped all oil shipments to people with more haµdouts. from New Hampshire that if shipments Red China. But the Russian tanks, the The clouds of World War II gathered of oil should be discontinued to Red Communist tanks used by the North on the distant horizon of Ethiopia. They China, we should stop allocating to ECA Koreans, which have moved down into appeared to be a far distant storm. The countries strategic materials which may South Korea and which are causing us clouds rolled closer-enveloped Czecho find their way to Russian satellite coun- so much trouble. and are taking the lives slovakia. We took no extraordinary 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·SENAT-E 10491 precautions as the tempest approached China wanted to step out of the United wise. If we can get the wise and positive nearer and nearer. Then when the Nations and again blackmail the United leadership which we require we can es storm broke at Pearl Harbor we spent States and the other free nations of the tablish a truly bipartisan effort in the agonizing months while American men world, Red China would have the Red perils which lie ahead. There can be no struggled with too little too late. After Kremlin in the United Nations, where rubber stamp. There can be no head a lag, while men died needlessly, we it could veto any step which was at strong, stubborn, or petty men in the caught up with the military potential of tempted to be taken in behalf of free councils of our leaders. our enemies and succeeded in defeating d om and peace in the world? On March 24, 1948, I spoke on the floor them. Mr. BRIDGES. Mr. President, the of the Senate. I offered a 17-point pro It is the elementary precept of war Senator from Michigan is absolutely cor gram to stop Communist aggression. that you must get there first with the rect in saying that if we yielded on that Most of those points are as valid today most. point, we would simply be paying the as they were over 2 years ago. Let us have no more too little too first installment of blackmail. The Today I off er an expanded program late. Let us not be again lulled by the Senator has stated the case very well. based on my original suggestions. I sin false hopes raised by false promises. Mr. FERGUSON. And, of course, cerely urge the President of the United The Soviet Union has had every op once a first installment of blackmail is States to adopt it as a program for sav portunity for 17 years to become an paid, thereafter it is necessary to follow ing the America we know. honorable member of the community of the first payment with more or less con nations. The Soviet Union was accepted tinuous payments of blackmail, extend Our first and foremost consideration as a full partner of the Allied effort ing endlessly into the future. is to arm the United States. Everything in World War II. The Soviet Union Mr. BRIDGES. Yes, there is no end else, at this hour in our history, assumes was a full partner in planning for the to blackmail. secondary importance. Our men are peace. At no time during the last 17 Mr. President, there is no doubt that making a valiant effort to hold a beach years, at no time during the course of the Kremlin was astounded by our re head in Korea. They may fail. But if a partnership which was wholly unwar sistance in Korea. Stalin certainly had they succeed they will need reinforce ranted and utterly unearned, in fact, at no right to expect resistance. His ments which will strip our home de no time since the Bolsheviks seized stooges in the United States had re fenses. These things, in my judgment, power in 1917, has the Soviet Union ported this country would continue Mr. President, we must do, and without deviated from the Marx-Lenin-Stalin appeasement. delay. preachment of unremitting war against Stalin had only to look at our record. First. Call the National Guard to the the non-Communist world. Their Each time communism has tested us we Federal service at once. bloody, godless, criminal conspiracy goes have retreated, we have equivocated, we Second. Mobilize needed members of ever forward. have found excuses, we have made ex the active Reserve. It must be clear to everyone that ulti cuses. We have sacrificed possible allies Third. Draft manpower to place our mately America has but two choices. We to appease Stalin's unremitting appetite inactive paper Reserve on active-duty can fight communism and destroy it or for conquest. From the record, how on status. we can surrender to communism and earth could Stalin anticipate that we Fourth. Establish an American radar be enslaved. There is no middle course. would send American men to fight his network at once. There has been no middle course. There colonials in Korea? It seems clear that Fifth. Train and equip a home-defense is no slight hope for a middle course. Korea is a most unlikely place to make a Air Force. · There will be peace overtures. There stand. Sixth. Mobilize full-speed, around will be deals. Tools of Soviet aggres It is equally clear to me that Stalin the-clock, industrial production to pro- · sion will come forward with proposals will not start the final phase of world vide military equipment of the best type to end the Korean war. Such gestures war III, the assault on North America, available. Weapons on paper or drawing are intended only to further soften the until he is ready. Stalin prefers to wait boards are of no immediate use. The United States. If we accept them, we until his satellites have overwhelmed American people are ready to use steel merely give communism more time to their neighbors. Stalin intends to fight for tanks instead of for automobiles. revamp its schedule for conquest. this war with Koreans, Chinese, Poles, S.eventh. Establish and activate a Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgars, or any other civilian-defense program. It is almost the Senator yield? colonials ·he can press into service. criminal to have advanced 5 years into Mr. BRIDGES. Certainly. Stalin will furnish military supplies and the atomic era without having such a Mr. FERGUSON. Of course, the Sen military commanders for his puppets, program in full force and effect. ator has heard of India's suggestion to but his own Russian divisions will be re Eighth. Congress should at once pre Stalin that one of the peace moves be served for the final grand assault. pare legislation to provide 100-percent that we admit Red China into the United Meanwhile he will attempt, by attrition, mobilization of our people and our re Nations as one of the members of the to wear a way our resistance. sources for enactment within hours Security Council, in place of National I propose that we face facts, Mr. Pres when and if it is needed. This program ist China, and that thereafter there ident. This is real war. This is no should be aimed solely at achieving the would be a negotiation for peace in police action. This is grim and bloody safety and security of the United States. Korea. warfare. It is no place for dreamy planners to im Does not the Senator realize that if We can start to fight this war now. We pose the controls which will lead this that appeasement step were taken, it are 15 months behind Russia at this mo Nation to socialism. It cannot be a pro would be but the first of a series of big ment. We can begin to live hard and gram for losing the freedom we seek to payoffs to the Kremlin for their black work hard, and we still have a fighting assure. mailing, following their withdrawal from chance to win. I say let us get on with the United Nations on the ground that it. Ninth. Congress should make real and they would not be in the United Na Our choice is clear. We can continue earnest efforts to balance our Federal tions if they could not have Red China the soft course of hand-outs to buy votes budget. Hand-out programs should ·be sit beside them in the Security Coun or we can take the hard choice of pro ruthlessly abolished. · Money ·saved cil? Does not the Senator realize that viding men· to fight and funds to buy should be applied to defense spending. once we paid that first blackmail, ever guns, instead of surpluses. The lower House should consider a afterwards we would be at the absolute We require firm, consistent leadership, wholly revised tax program. mercy of Red China, as a close ally and The responsibility for providing that Tenth. Register all Communists in satellite of the Kremlin? Does not the leadership rests on the administration. the United States. President Truman Senator also realize that in that case, There must be an end to this quibbling should call for immediate enactment of whenever Joe Stalin and his Kremlin and bickering. There can be no more the so-called Mundt-Ferguson bill. decided to move out of the United Na glowing statements for political advan When Communists in Korea tie the tions, he would always have Red China tage. Now, if ever, our leadership must hands and feet of American boys and in the Security Council of the United close ranks. shoot them in the face, we can no longer Nations, to block any step which was not President Truman has now repudiated coddle the Communist fifth column in a procedural matter, and when Red appeasement. His advisers must do like- the United Stat.es. 10492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .JULY 18 Eleventh. Clean out the State Depart cannot expect results overnight. ·But it as possible. We should ask ourselves ment. This is highly important. The is time we called on patriots of the high two questions: Does Spain oppose com small chance we have to postpone the est order to infiltrate Communist coun munism? Will the Spanish fight com full-scale encounter with Russia, until tries, lose their identity as Americans munism? The answer to both questions we are ready, depends on the skill of our and, if necessary, live the rest of their is "Yes." diplomats. For many years our State lives as nameless and anonymous he Eighteenth. Serious consideration Department has been infiltrated with roes of America's fight for freedom. should be given the proposal endorsed men who either have unbelievably poor Thirteenth. Mobilize anti-Communists by the American Federation of Labor judgment or whose loyalty is open to everywhere. This is another must. to the effect that we arm and train per serious question. It is not simply a mat There is trained manpower immediately sons in European displaced-persons ter of sweeping the front stoop by firing available. It is insanity to pick and camps. These stateliess souls have e the top o:flicials. It is a matter of a choose our allies, when our American tremendous stake in freedom. They are complete housecleaning, President Tru boys are desperately outnumbered on the the victims of communism as well as man owes it to himself and his country battlefield. To implement this program, nazism. When the Russian sweep to to have the best possible advice on all I urge the immediate mobilization of the West comes, we should at least pro levels. anti-Communist forces everywhere. vide them a means of def ending them The need for tlie housecleaning can no Fourteenth. Immediately deny Soviet selves. longer be ignored. In 1939 Stalin ruled and satellite ships access to American Nineteenth. It has been suggested in 180,000,000 people. Today he rules 800,- harbors, except under closest inspection; some quarters that we should arm the 000,000 people. Our foreign policy of and establish a shore patrol to identify Japanese people. I would accept Gen appeasement has resulted in stark dis strange vessels which may bring atomic eral MacArthur's judgment on this phase aster. The architects of failure must be warfare to our coast. of our total preparedness program. He swept out of office. Fifteenth. Make use of the Chinese should be asked for his opinion, and we When an Army officer loses·a battalion. Republican Army, which has several divi should act on his advice. My latest in he is relieved of command, in disgrace. sions of well-trained, tough, experienced formation from an authoritative source When a naval officer loses his ship or troops, much closer to Korea than our was that he opposed arming and train runs it aground in the mud, he is court forces in the United States. The Repub ing Japanese divisions. That was some martialed. But when foreign-policy lic of China is a permanent charter mem time ago, and his attitude may have advisers lose a whole continent, they are ber of the United Nations. The Chinese changed. But we should make inquiry. applauded or even promoted. Nationalists' offer of 35,000 meri should I am sure my attitude has changed, but Mr. President, I have felt all along that be accepted at once. I am not in the position to speak with - there must be security risks in the State The theory that such acceptance his authority on this subject. Department. I do not know the extent might induce Chinese Communists to Twentieth. Establish immediate quid of thes.e risks or of their disloyalty. Ap enter the Korean war is academic. The · pro quo relations with Russia and all parently, the Senate is not going to learn Chinese Communists already are in the satellite nations. This means that we much about it as a result of any investi front lines in Korea. Chiang is re allow Stalin and his associates the same gation by this Congress. But obviously. ported to have over 1,000,000 guerrillas diplomatic privileges which he extends the great bulk of employees in the State on the mainland. We need their help. to the United States, not a jot more. Department are loyal Americans. These too. Unrestricted relations with Stalin and persons do not pose any security problem. Sixteenth. Immediately name top his slave states can only mean additional But I do not like the way the State De flight anti-Communist diplomats to all espionage cells in the United States. partment, collectively, thinks. Ameri trouble spots. I make particular refer Twenty-first. Stop all trade between can thinking has never been defensive. ence to Formosa. where, as the Senator the Soviet Union and its satellites, with American thinking has always been ag from California [Mr. KNOWLAND] has the United States and its allies, which, I gressive. Traditionally, our country pointed out, we are represented by a directly or indirectly, has military sig-) never has sought merely to keep ag consul instead of an Ambassador. It nificance. Obviously, the east-west gressors quietly appeased. Tradition is unthinkable that we should diplo trade, which the State Department has' ally, our policy has been to do something matically i'nsult our best friends. been promoting in Europe, has had -ai about it. Seventeenth. Make Spain a full part tendency to siphon off ECA aid and We do not exercise world leadership by ner in the fight against communism. bolster the eastern European economy.' ''waiting for the dust to settle." I believe Our first move should be to reestablish Obviously, it should be stopped. I it is essentially un-American to "wait for normal diplomatic relations. Our sec Twenty-second. Strengthen our over the situation to clarify." These phrases ond move should be to establish air bases seas propaganda. This can be a power-1 mean nothing, except that we do not in Spain. Such bases are essential to .ful weapon in our total effort. We need know what we are doing or what we are the defense of western Europe. a much better and more effective pro •. trying to do. That is not the way Amer Spain should be invited to join the gram of truth. We need more vigorous,; icans think. Americans are imaginative, Atlantic Pact. The Spanish infantry resourceful, and effective personnel to forward looking. Americans have ideas. ranks with the finest in Europe. We carry it out. We must tell the 800,000,-. Americans get things done. America should equip Spanish troops and use 000 common people behind the iron cur-· should embark on a diplomatic offensive them in the fight, if their assistance is tain that we are their friends. We must to cut the ground out from under Com offered. tell them that the issue is joined, and r.iunist diplomacy. Parenthetically, I may add that in this that we shall render as much assistance The State Department needs a real show-down conflict there are only two as is possible to any attempt to throw house cleanihg. This is not a job of sides-Communist and anti-Communist. off the yoke of Communist aggression. sweeping the dust under the rug with a I am no longer impressed with argu 'I'wenty-third. Advise nations outside whisk broom, or airing out the house by ments as to the religious or political the Communist orbit that our resources opening the front door and sweeping the backgrounds of governments. We have are not without limit; that they are defi front steps. This job calls for yellow Socialist governments as full partners nitely . limited; that we will not assist soap, a scrubbing brush, and plenty of in this venture. They are anti-Commu countries which continue to pamper and elbow grease, from the basement to the nist, so I accept them as allies. coddle a fifth column; and that it is time attic. It should be finished off with a Conversely, Russia has subdued dem to stand up and be counted. We must first-class cyanide fumigating job. ocratic peoples and uses them. The ar tell them this, and we must mean it. We can do this for our fighting men tillery turned on our boys in Korea Twenty-fourth. We must give realis 1n Korea without spending a cent. It comes, in part, I am informed, from the tic support to the United Nations. could be accomplished long before effec Skoda works in Czechoslovakia, a satel There is still hope that this organization tive reinforcements get to Korea. It lite which once made great strides to- 'may become the instrument for peace in would give our military morale a terrific ward democracy. · which so many have placed their hopes. boost. Let us clean house, Mr. President. We must be practical. We are facing Twenty-fifth. We must reestablish a. Twelfth. Improve and expand our in history's gravest threat to our freedoms. sound bipartisan foreign policy. While telligence operation. Foreign intelli To me it seems completely reasonable the minority party must retain its right gence is almost new to Americans. We that we should marshal as much help to be critical of ·the administration when 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10493 it deserves critiCism, I believe in times opportunity to be cm floor if and when this type the Senator from Maryland such as this we should call the best men the Senator from Maryland made his serve notice now that he is going to file of both parties to our councils of state. report. I am trying to carry out my it and let Senators have copies of it? This requires a sound and well-under duty. All I ask is that I be permitted I have not seen it myself. I saw the stood system of prior consultation before to suggest the absence of a quorum or first page or two when we were busy decisions are made or announced. By that the Senator from Maryland delay considering appropriation items. Would this means Americans can give whole until I can get the Senator from Wis it be in order to ask unanimous consent hearted suppor.t to our all-out efforts for consin to the :floor. that the actual filing of the report be peace and freedom. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, will the delayed until Senators can take a look The American people are ready, Presi Senator yield? at it? I want to be fair about it, and dent Truman. They are ready for a Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. not unreasonable. sound, consistent, realistic program. Mr. TYDINGS. I shall be glad to ac Mr. TYDINGS. The Senator is per We ask you to give it to them. commodate the Senator from Massachu fectly within reason in making his re REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN setts, and, of course, also the Senator quest. RELATIONS ON INVESTIGATION OF from Wisconsin. What I did, however, Let me make an inquiry of the Sen SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITIES was simply to send the report forward. ator from Arizona. It is my under It will require action by the Committee standing that what I have done will not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The on Printing before anything-can be done bring about the printing of the report. Senator from Arizona has the floor. with reference to it. I have simply filed I have simply filed it, and there will be Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, will it. I have been instructed by the com no action as to printing it until the Com the Senator yield? mittee· to file it, and I can do that mittee on Printing presents a resolution. Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. whether there is a quorum or whether Mr. HAYDEN. If more than the usual Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, from there is not. number, which is approximately 1,500 the Committee on Foreign Relations, I So far as the resolutions are concerned, desire to submit a report, which I ask copies, are to be printed. they will be referred to the appropriate Mr. WHERRY. I am not arguing tp have printed as a Senate document, committees and will come back to the and I also off er two resolutions for ap floor approved or disapproved, and then about the number. propriate reference. the whole controversy can break out. Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, I want Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, to accommodate the Senator from Ne will the Senator yield? will the Senator yield? · braska. I ask the Senator from Arizona Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. if this is not the situation: All I have Mr. SALTONSTALL. I should like to Mr. SALTONSTALL. I have not in done has been to file the .report. The say to the Senator that I desire a quorum mind what the Senator from Wiscon number of copies which can be printed call, because I know there are s.everal sin wishes to do, but he asked me to give without filing the report are already au Senators who want to discuss it with him an opportunity to be on the :floor. thorized, or can be.- But when I file the him before he submits the report. possibly to interrogate the Senator from report there can be no more copies · Mr. TYDINGS. To discuss what? Maryland [Mr. TYDINGS]. printed until the Joint Committee on Mr. SALTONSTALL. To discuss the Mr. TYDINGS. Let me ask the Sen Printing reports a resolution favoring question before the Senator submits the ator from Arizona if he can give me some the printing of additional copies. report. idea when I may have an opportunity to Mr. HAYDEN. Which is usually ap As I understand, the Senator has just present the matter, because I have a great proximately 1,500 copies. asked to submit a report, to be printed deal of work to do, and I do not want to Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will as a Senate document. May I ask, is remain here all day and then possibly not the Senator yield? that the report from the so-called Mc have an opportunity to present the Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. Carthy committee? report. . Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, that is Mr. TYDINGS. The Senate commit Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, what I do not like to see done. There tee has instructed me to submit a re will the Senator yield? might be something else stricken from port, and I have submitted it. . Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. the report voluntarily by the committee, Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Mr. SALTONSTALL. I wm say to the if some Senator raised some point re ·will the Senator yield? Senator from Maryland that I have garding the report. But before any Mr. TYDINGS. I yield. I do not asked the Senator from Wisconsin to copies are printed I ask if there cannot quite get what the Senator's point is. come to the floor at once. be a delay. The report is filed, so that . Mr. SALTONSTALL. Sitting tempo~ Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will automatically it comes on for printing. rarily in the chair of the minority leader, the Senator yield? I should like to ask that no copies be the Senator from Massachusetts has Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. printed for 24 hours or 48 hours, if that been asked to obtain a quorum call, in Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, if I is not an unreasonable request, so that order to notify Senators, when the Sena understand correctly, the report when each Senator can take a look at the tor from Maryland makes such a re made is automatically printed-- report; and if there is something in it quest. All I am asking of the Senator Mr. TYDINGS. It has already been which he feels should not be printed, he from Maryland is-- printed. · can go to the chairman of the committee Mr. TYDINGS. I have the :floor by Mr. WHERRY. That is for the bene and talk to him about it, and the com courtesy of the Senator from Arizona. fit of the subcommittee. The report, mittee might, by agreement, delete it. Mr. HAYDEN. My understanding I understand, does not have all the data If 1,500 copies are printed, there might was, if the Senator from Massachusetts in it which it had when the subcom as well be 150,000 copies printed, so far will yield, that when· the Senator from mittee presented it to the full committee. as I am c'oncerned. Maryland inquired of me, he was merely Mr. TYDINGS. With the exception Mr. TYDINGS. They have already going to submit a formal report to the of two paragraphs. been printed for the committee. Senate, and that he did not intend to Mr. WHERRY. I understand that Mr. WHERRY. But this report has discuss it. some remarks derogatory of the Sena not been printed. Mr. TYDINGS. That is correct. tor from Massachusetts lMr. LODGE] and Mr. TYDINGS. It cannot be without Mr. HAYDEN. There would be no oc of the Senator from Iowa lMr. HICKEN casion for any discussion, because, when LOOPER] were stricken from it. a resolution. directed by a committee to submit a re Mr. TYDINGS. They were not Mr. WHERRY. I understand. I am port, a Senator submits it. Eitricken from it. I should like to set a member of the committee, and I shall Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, the Senator straight on that point. be called upon to pass on the question. will the Senator yield? Mr. WHERRY. We have to guess at But a few copies can be printed. Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. these things when we do not know. I Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, the Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, should like to ask the Senator this ques Committee on Foreign Relations this sitting in the chair of the minority leader, tion: If there is anything in the report morning received the report from its I have been asked that the Senator from regarding any Senator-and there might subcommittee. It directed the subcom Wisconsin [Mr. McCARTHY] be given an be-is it only fair that in a report of mittee to file the report. There is no XCVI--661 10494 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE JULY 18 stopping the subcommittee from filing ment, the Senator from Maryland was extra copies 1of the report can be printed the report-- not cognizant of two sentences which until the Senator from Arizona calls his ! Mr. WHERRY. The Senator is not were in the report when it was made committee together, the committee ap telling me anything that I do not already and signed. proves a resolution, and the resolution know. Mr. TYDINGS. I may have read it, is adopted by the Senate. I have no in..; Mr. HAYDEN. Let me finish. If ad but I have no recollection of it. The tenti on of pressing . for the adoption of ditional copies are desired, it will require report was written and rewritten sev the resolution, or any other action on it, aresolution of the Senate. The Senator eral times. Corrections were made in except to have the resolution lie on the from Maryland has said he would be glad it. My recollection is that when I saw desk. · to withhold filing the report until the the report I did not see the two sentences Mr. HA ·~lDEN. I misunderstood the Senator from Wisconsin can be present. referred to. However, I do not think the Senator from Maryland. I understood Mr. WHERRY. Will the Senator two sentences were inaccurate. the Senator from Maryland to say that make it, let us say, 24 or 48 hours, so Mr. BREWSTER. I do not question he was temporarily withholding the filing that we can see a copy of the report? that fact. of the report. Mr. TYDINGS. Let us get the situa Mr. TYDINGS. I do not thinlt they Mr. TYDINGS. I shall be glad to tion straightened out, because I do not were derogatory. I think they stated withhold filing it in order to accommo want to leave the Senate under any the facts. However, I thought cour ~ate the Senator. misapprehension or have any misunder tesy of a senatorial nature perhaps would Mr. WHERRY. That is all I am ask standing about it later. best dictate their elimination. When ing for. I ask the Senator from Arizona, who they were called to my attention, I sug Mr. HAYDEN. However, the Senator is chairman of the Joint Committee on gested that the two sentences be elim from Maryland has a perfect right to file Printing, if I am not correctly stating inated. it at any time. the situation when I say, first, that there Mr. BREWSTER. That brings me to Mr. TYDINGS. I am filing it, but I is printed automatically a number of one further point. Since the Senator am not pressing it. copies when a subcommittee makes a from Maryland says he was not con Mr. HAYDEN. I understood the Sena report to the full committee- scious of the fact that those two pas tor from Maryland to say that he would ( Mr. HAYDEN. That number is sages were in the report, I wonder withhold filing the report. When a re around 1,500. whether in a 200-page report there may port is filed it must be printed as filed. · Mr. TYDINGS. I have forgotten not be similar passages with which the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will the . what the number is; but what I am doing Senator from Maryland is not familiar Senator yield so that I may ask another · is filing the report with resolutions to and which may be called to his atten question? print additional copies. No additional tion if the request of the minority leader Mr. HAYDEN. Yes. copies, as I understand, can be printed is granted. In that event, the Senator Mr. WHERRY. When a report is filed, until the committee meets and considers from Maryland may wish to reconsider how many copies are printed? the resolutions and makes a recom such passages as to the propriety or Mr. HAYDEN. Fifte.en hundred. mendation. I want to accommodate the .desirability of their inclusion in the Mr WHERRY. That is the point I Senator from Nebraska, and I shall not report. am making. press the committee or demand further Mr. TYDINGS·. I do not think there Mr. TYDINGS. No other copies will action until the Senator from Nebraska are any other such passages in the re be printed, however, so far as I know. and other Senators have had a chance port. I believe I have read the reports Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, I ask . to look at the report. 2 or 3 times. I have read it twice since for the regular order. The appropria Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, that is it was printed. I have no recollection tions bill is before the Senate, and is be all I wanted. I am not quarreling about of seeing any passages of a nature which ing interfered with. It is being inter the copies which have already been I thought advisable to remove. So far fered with at. the wrong time. I ask for printed for the subcommittee. I am as I am concerned, the passages which the regular order. simply asking, and the Senator from were deleted were accurate. There was Maryland has agreed, to delay printing rio reason why they should not have The PRESiDING OFFICER. The reg any copies of the report until we can stayed in the report. However, we have ular order has been requested. The Sen take a look at the report, consult with a certain amount of comity in doing ator froin Arizona has the floor. Does the distinguished Senator from Mary things, and I thought the sentences con the Senator from Arizona yield to the land, and arrive at some date when the tained an inference which I did not be Senator from Nebraska~ :report will be printed. · lieve to be in the best interests of the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, a par Mr. TYDINGS. I again say to the S2nate. liamentary inquiry. Senator, in order to avoid any misunder Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, will . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The standing, that the only way by which the Senator yield so I may ask another Senator will state it. additional copies can be printed would. question? Mr. WHERRY. Can a Senator grant be by the adoption of a resolution to that Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. the floor to another Senator? effect. Mr. WHERRY. I ask this question Mr. HAYDEN. I had the floor. Mr. WHERRY, But this report is in the light of the Senator's last observa Mr. WHERRY. That is cor.rect. I different, in some respects, from the one tion. I thought I understood what had should like to ask the Senator a ques which has already been printed. been done. However, I had no more than tion. I do not mind going back to the Mr. TYDINGS. That is correct. sat down when someone came over and regular order. First, I should like to Mr. WHERRY. And this is the report said that I did not have a correct under ask most respectfully for unanimous which I am asking be held up. . standing of the situation. Therefore, I consent that the distinguished Senator Mr. HAYDEN. The Senator from should like to ask one more question of from Maryland may withhold the filing Maryland has agreed to that. the distinguished Senator from Mary of his report, because the filing of the 1 Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, will land. It is my understanding that the report means the printing of 1,500 copies. the Senator from Arizona yield? distinguished Senator from Maryland is I ask that he withhold the filing of the Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. withholding the filing of the report of report until Senators have had an op Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, I the committee and the resolution until portunity to study the report of the should like to ask the Senator from we have had a chance to look over the subcommittee. ;Maryland a question. · subcommittee's report. Mr. TYDINGS. As I tried to tell the I noted in the statement of the Sena Mr. TYDINGS. No. I tried to make Senator, so far as I know, not a single tor from Maryland, and I was very much that plain so that we could avoid any copy can be printed in addition to the gratified, because it had been a matter misunderstanding on the subject. I shall c:re than 3 weeks have passed since the service as president of the Denver from some of both; actually try, most of Kremlin put the North Korean government Rotary Club, and his direction of the them, to be guided by what they hear from up to an aggression that has startled the Community Chest drive and the State listeners. world. The United States and the United cancer drive. He is currently a mem· Individual perfor.mers reach listeners, but Nations responded with military effort, as · at mana·gement level there's traditionally an yet unsuccessful, but at the same time the ber of Denver's board of health and hos· aloofness that makes it difficult for listeners pitals. . Soviet triumphantly gr~sped the initiative on to feel anything for a station's call letters.· the propaganda side. The Russians accuse Again, in 1950, Terry distinguishes his Often stations get criticism anonymous the United Nations along with the United station by the inauguration of a new and otherwise; that is unfair-not unfair in.. States of sanctioning aggression. Peace radio series called Let's Talk It Over, tentionally but because listeners lack infor· petitions are being circulated with tens of wherein he and members of his staff mation on which to base criticism. To them thousands of signatures by the Communists speak every week to the KLZ listening many a change that can be defended as nec in a publicity stunt which is not being com audience about problems of broadcast essary-:-if a station tells them about it bated effectively by the western democracies. seems merely high-handed affront. Pro In the face of the plain aggression in ing. He invites listeners to address to grams go in, programs go out, favorites dis .. him their comments, criticisms, and sug .. Korea, nobody in our Government or in the appear. Not always is the originating or re .. UN has officially, formally, and loudly called gestions; and then he proceeds to answer laying station to blame, as Terry will try to Moscow the aggressor. The United Nations, them on the program. On his first pro.. make clear. moreover, has invited American boys to be gram, for example, Terry discussed the He will, of course, take a realistic ap killed but politely hesitates to warn the na reasons why the Denver market has no proach-a radio station makes its money by ~ions . helping to kill American boys that television. He did so in a simple, down programming programs that bring in money. those nations are aggressors, too. While it ts to-earth style, devoid of undue technical If it has a conscience, it tries to program obvious that no nation can be asked to sup some programs of limited appeal which it ply military help against its will, it is traitor references-a program that was a public believes are in the public interest. service at its best. ous for any member of the United Nations If its manager is crazy, he believes he can at the same time to be supplying arms and I feel his radio series, Let's Talk It please everybody at the same time. Hugh military power to the country which is fight .. Over, is a concrete example of a pro ~erry is not crazy. ing the United Nations forces. gram in which a metropolitan station He feels he's programming the .way he Senator HOMER FERGUSON of Michigan has makes a posi'tive effort to bring the should; wlll explain on Let's Talk It Over t>Ointed this up in a speech in the Senate in
• 10496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 which he demands that the Washington Gov Mr. HAYDEN'. Mr. President, before of the bill come out of the Bureau of· ernment request the UN to adopt a resolu the Senate proceeds to the consideration Reclamation appropriations, that it is tion warning any nation helping the North of the committee amendments to chap a result of an effort on the part of the Koreans that it will be regarded as.a partner VII, in the aggression. ter making approprfations for the subcommittee, and the committee hav The UN got considerable prestige by adopt Interior Department, I wish to make a ing the bill in charge, to take into con ing a resolution calling {or military forces brief statement respecting this chapter sideration the effect in dollars of the to resist aggression in Korea, but it will as reported to the Senate. Taber-Thomas amendment as adopted rapidly lose that. prestige if it stands idly The House considered budget estimates by the House of Representatives. by and lets the Kremlin supply munitions totaling $669,251,505, approving appro The bill as it passed the House was to the North Koreans in an obvious attempt priations in the amount of $622,134,faO. sent to the Department of the Interior to defeat the United Nations forces, including After the bill passed the House, supple with the request that they examine it to the United States. mental estimates in the amount of $5,· determine how much money they would POLICY MAKERS FLOUNDER 720,000 were received by the Senate, in· lose if the ·Taber-Thomas amendment The propaganda war is being poorly han creasing the total 1951 budget estimates were put into effect, and having deter dled not because there are not enough tech• to $674,971,505. mined that amount, to see if a similar nicians to do the job er because there are in- Although the Senate committee ap sum approximately as great could be . adequate transmission facilities. It is fall proved $5,698,000 of the $5,720,000 in taken from the bill where it would hurt, ing down because nobody in the Truma~ administration with authority to act h as supplemental estimates, the total of but would not hurt so much; and that vision enough to realize what a propaganda chapter VII as reported to the Senate is is what we have accomplished. war means. It doesn't mean just a battery $617,006,030, or $5,128,100 less than chap Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the of mimeograph machines and a $7,000,000 ter VII as passed by the House and $57 ,. Senator from Arizona yield? buildin g in New York. It means that the 9'.iG,475 less than the 1951 estimates. Mr. HAYDEN. I yield to the Senator men who make policy-men with the aour Percentagewise, the total approved by the age of their convictions-must call a spade a from Oregon. Senate committee is eight-tenths of 1 Mr. CORDON. It is, however, a fact, spade in public. The policy makers are percent under the House total and eight floundering. Three weeks of valuable time is it not, that the Interior Department, have been lost while the American Govern and fifty-nine hundredths percent below in carrying out the request of the chair ment cravenly refrains from denouncing the the 1951 estimates. man of the subcommittee, did so by re Kremlin leaders as the true aggressors. The Of the $617.,006,030 in cash appropria ducing construction items, and not by answer usua-lly heard is that this might .tions approved by the committee, ap reducing other activities included in the offend the .Kremlin-as 1f . "appeasement" ,proximately $65,000,000 ·is for the liqui· 1s the way out of Korea. dation of prior contract authority. bill? What is needed is a new executive board · The total new contract authority for Mr: HAYDEN. That is not' entirely or commission of thr~e eminent, men to give the Interior Department as reported by correct, but largely so. . full time to the work and be responsible di• Mr. CORDON. To what extent is it rectly to the President and not to any Cab· _the Appropriations Committee is in the amount of $37,830,000, which amount is in error? inet officer. The head of the Oftic;:e of War . Mr. HAYDEN. It is in error in that Information was responsible in Wor-ld War ,$.420,000 less than the amount allowed II directly t·o the President. He must be · .by the House, $6,920,000 .less than· the there are s'ome reductions made that are free again to ·tell the President what any 1951 budget estimates, and which is not in construction items, but the 'pri member of the Caoinet is doing or failing to $27,421,700 less than contract authority mary effect is upon' the construction do that is hurting on the psychological side granted for the fiscal year 1950. items, and it was possible for the reason of warfare. He must be free to speak out Mr. President, I may say that some of .that upon examination of the carry-over in the meetings of the National Security of unexpended balances on some of the Council, of which he should be a member. the reductions were larger than I per sonally felt should have been made. On projects it was felt 1t would be safe to f'he task canont be performed by a sub make the reductions in those places. ordinate unit in the State Department. The the other hand, some of the reductions top level officers of that institution ~re too .were· not so }arge as some members of Mr. CORDON. Will the chairman of busy writing legal no~es in the field of diplo-: the subcommittee felt should have been the subcommittee at the . appropriate macy and too much steeped in traditions made. In this respect, the bill is a com.:. time advise the Senate as to the reduc and forms to use the vocabulary of propa promise and represents a very honest tions voluntarily made by the Interior ganda war. and earnest effort on the part of the Department in items other than con : America is losing on the military side in subcommittee to make the reductions struction? · Korea but not for long. America is losing, Mr. HAYDEN. I shall be.very glad to however, on the psychoiogical front and there in the amounts and in the specific ap is no sign of any turn in the tide. It will propriations where it was felt reductions do so, ·because I have a tabulation which take bold action by the President to organize could best be made. As I have stated, covers the entire amount. . an Office of Peace Information and to give the' final .result is a bill which in cash is Mr. CORDON . . Is the tabulation in :it the proper instructions to engage in a $5,128,100 under the House bill, despite shape so that it might be placed in the world-wide crusade of truth. the inclusion of $5,698,000 in supplemen RECORD today for the benefit of the Sen MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENROLLED tals not considered by the House, and ate tomorrow? It would be helpful in BILLS SIGNED $57,965,475 under the 1951 budget esti studying the effects of the bill, particu mates, and l.n contract autho,rity chap larly with respect to activities other than A message from the House of Repre the activities of the Bureau of Reclama sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its ter VII is $420,COO under the House bill tion, which, ~s I recall, has taken all the reading clerks, announced that the · and $6,920,000 under the 1951 budget estimates. cuts. The Senator advises there are oth Speaker had affixed his signature to the er matters. I was not aware of them. following enrolled bills, and they were BUREAU OF RECLAMATION 1 Mr. HAYDEN. I will ask the clerk to signed by the President pro tempore: Of the $617~006,030 recommended by make a search through the table and H. R. 940. An act to authorize construction the committee, $324,104,000 is . for the advise the Senator later in that regard. of the Eklutna project, hydroelectric gen Bureau of Reclamation, and this amount erating plant and transmission facilities in includes $5,445,000 in supplemental esti BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS connection therewith, and for other pur mates not considered by the House. For the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the poses; and There are no new projects included in committee recommends appropriations , H. R. 5866. An act to adjust and define the the 1951 budget estimates or in the com in the amount of $80,746,055, which boundary between Great Smoky Mountains $3,953,055 ·National Park and the Cherokee-Pisgah-Nan mittee's recommendations. The amount amount is in excess of the tahala National Forests and for other pur of $324,104,000 recommended by the House. allowance but which is $5,250,320 poses. ·committee, although it includes $5,445,- less than the 1951 budget estimates. 000 in supplemental estimates, is $1,004,- The larger increases recommended by GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS, 1951 000 under the House bill, $35,214,500 un the committM are for . restoring funds The Senate resumed the consideration der the 1951 estimates, and is $·32,650,510 for California Indians, all of which had of the bill (H. R. 7786) making appro less than was appropriated to the Recla been deleted by the House, additional priations for the support of the Govern mation Bureau in the fiscal year 1950. funds to meet deficiencies in State edu ment for the fiscal year ending June 30, Mr. President, I may mention, in this cational contracts for the education of 1951, and for other purposes. connection, because the larger reductions Indian children. additional funds for In-
• 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10497 dian school construction, and improve· penditures by the Government ·for the that in order to negotiate upon an equal ment of roads on Indian reservations. Territories, and he mentioned Hawaii, footing with the private utilities, the Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the Alaska, and Guam, but did not mention Southwestern Power Administration Senator yield for a question? Puerto Rico. Was there any particular should be supplied with sufficient funds Mr. HAYDEN . . I yield. significance to that? so if satisfactory wheeling or integrating Mr. CORDON. Would it not be well Mr. HAYDEN. Yes. In the case of contracts could not be made, that the to advise the Senate with respect to the Puerto Rico all of the internal-revenue necessary transmission lines would be necessity of restoring- the amounts in collections go to the Territory, and that constructed by the Southwestern Power connection with the activities having to amount is sufficient to support the gov· Administration. I expressed the opin do with the Indians in California, where ernment of the Territory, and an appro· ion at that time that if the money were a cut was made by the House which elim· priation is not required from the Treas· granted and placed in the hands of the inated all-funds for those Indians, and ury of the United States. It is ditf erent Southwestern Power Administration, it the cut was made under a misapprehen in the case of the Virgin Islands. Since would be possible to work out such an sion both as to the fact and the law? I have mentioned the Virgin Islands, I agreement with the private power com. Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, it ap. should say they have been paid for two panies there that the money would pears from the record that three gentle· or three times over by the internal-reve· not actually have to be expended. men appeared before the House Com· nue collections on the rum produced I felt that the tendency was growing, mittee on Appropriations asserting that there, all of which revenue goes into the particularly in the southern area of the they represented the Indians in Califor· Treasury of the United States. On the United States, for all private power com. nia, and that the Indians in California other hand, it appears each year as panies and the public power development wanted no assistance whatever from the though we are making a donation or gift to live and to let live. I illustrated that United States. Taking them at their to the island. If the same rule applied by the fact that the Afabama Power Co., word, the House committee struck out, to the Virgin Islands as is applied to the Mississippi Power Co., and the Geor· anywhere in the bill under the Bureau Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands would gia Power Co. refused to join in the :fight of Indian Affairs, any item affecting the have a magnificent surplus in the on the Tennessee Valley Authority steam Indians iil California. It was stated in Treasury. plant, showing that they were getting the report that the House eliminated Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President,. will along very well in that area in the matter $2,554,975 from the budget estimates. the Senator yield? of power, and that they would not par· When the matter came before our com· Mr. HAYDEN. I yield to the Senator ticipate in a fight of that kind. I be:. mittee the Representatives in Congress from Washington. lieved that if we gave the Southwestern from California appeared, the Senators .. Mr. MAGNUSON. I think it should Power Administration ample money to from California appeared, the officials of be pointed out, so that the public may carry on a program if necessary, it would the Bureau of Indian Affairs appeared, know, because of the importance · of · prove not to be necessary, and that is and it was determined definitely that the Alaska as a strategic· outpost of this exactly what has happened in that area. gentlemen who assumed to speak for the country, that what the Senator is dis• They have come to an agreement. Indians of California had no authority cussing is · the internal appropriations, _ I think perhaps the best way to de whatsoever to speak for them. For that and that it has nothing to do with the scribe that agreement is to quote from reason we have restored proportionately millions ·which have been appropriated the words of Mr. Douglas G. Wright, the the money recommended in the budget for military expenditures, which also in• Southwestern Power Administrator, in estimate for the Indians of California. cludes the improvement of roads. an address delivered at Muskogee, Okla:, Where a reduction was made a propor· Mr. HAYDEN. What we include in dedicating . the SPA building there on tionate reduction was made in the Call~ the pending bill is for continuing the July 15, 1950. Mr. Wright said: fornia Indian appropriation.. improvement and operation· of the Alas· There isn't any point in rehashing all Of BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION - kan Railroad and many highway items, the things which have gone before us. But Another large item in the bill is for but it does not apply to military con. this ts probably one of the greatest weeks the Bonneville Power Admillistration, for struction in any sense. ln the history of Oklahoma. Oklahoma has which the· committee recommends ap. Mr. MAGNUSON. But in some cases found the way, through a perfectly freely the military construction and the tnohey arrived at bargain. The American way of propriations totaling $44,000,000 and bargaining, where we !ought like the very contract authority in the amount of appropriated in the pending bill almost devil. Where we pushed and shoved-where $20,000,000. overlap. we used every kind of a force known. The amount recommended by the com. Mr. HAYDEN. The military authori· Pushing one way, and then another, we mittee for construction, $39,500,000, is ties strongly recommended placing the finally arrived at an agreement. An agree· $2,000,000 less than the amount approved railroad in good operating condition. ment with the Oklahoma Gas & Electrio by the House and $2,500,000 less than the But we do it in this 'bill rather than in Co. and the Public Service Co. of Okla. some other bill. homa which placed Oklahoma in the No .' 1 1951 estimate. - · spot in the Nation, in my judgment, in For operation and maintenance the SOUTHWESTERN POWER ADMINISTRATION power potential. Oklahoma today has avail· committee approved $4,500,000, which With respect to the Southwestern able the resources of the $130,000,000 Okla· amount is $500,000 less than the House Power Administration, I am glad to re· homa Gas & Electric Co., the, $100,000,000 allowance and $750,000 less than the port to the Senate that the Secretary of .Public Service Co. of Oklahoma, and at budget estimate. least a $250,000,000 Government development the Interior, the Administrator of the program, to utilize for any power need sh.e GOVE/lNMENT IN THE TERRITORIES Southwestern Power Administration, can think of. Of the $617,006,030 total appropria and the private power companies in Her consumers have achieved what I have ·tion proposed by the committee, a total Oklahoma have agreed upon a means of been pl~ased to call the No. 1 freedom of of $53,588,285 is for government in the integrating the hydi'oelectric power pro· power. This is, namely, your right to decide Territories, including the administration duced at Government-dams with steam where you will get your electric power, what of Alaska, Hawaii, Virgin Islands, and power produced by the private utilities you will do with it as you use it, and ~hether Guam, construction of roads in Alaska, in a manner which will provide for serv. or not you will own any part of the facil· and the continued rehabilitation of the icing public bodies with Government ities which serve you. Alaska Railroad. power as contemplated by section 5 of He further said: The total of $53,588,285 recommended the 1944 Flood Control Act and which will Under that contract, the utility companies by the committee is $3,741,215 less than serve as a pattern for similar contracts have agreed with the Government that the the total of $57,329,500 approved by the with public utilities in the southwest consumer does have the No. 1 liberty-the House, and is $5 ,189,315 less than the· power area. right to decide where he buys his electric power, and what he does with it after he 1951 budget estimates of $58,777,600. Senators will remember that last year buys It. We have agreed to that. Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the there was considerable controversy in Secondly, the companies and the Govern Senator from Arizona yield for a ques· this body as to what should be done with ment have agreed that the Government has tion? respect· to appropriations for the South· the right to sell its power to whomever it Mr. HAYDEN. Certainly. western Power Administration. The desires, on whatever terms it desires. Mr. CHAVEZ. In making his state· Senate decided in that respect, as it did And, third, we have agreed that the com• ment ·the Senator referred to the ex- with respect to the Reclamation Service, panies have the right to sell their power to 10498 CONGRE-SSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE JULY 18 I : whomever they desire, on whatever terms facilitate the interchange of power be Mr. THOMAS of .Oklahoma. Mr. Pres -they desire. tween SPA and other suppliers in our ident, will the Senator yield? Then he adds: area, and the marketing of power by M:r. HAYDEN.. l yjeld. We had a perfect marriage. It was love at SPA. . Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. The Sen-: first sight. The only trouble was nobody If I remember rightly, the fund was ator from Arizona will remember, I am could figure out who should provide the first set up at the time SPA entered into sure, that this controversy has been be dowry. Both sides wanted the dowry in this the Texas contract with the power com fore the ·Congress, and especially before case. Well, we finally settled it in the pany down there. The interchange of the Senate subcomipitte~. for some 3 or American way. Each side gets part of the power is, as I understand, an important 4 years. . dowry. And you people who use power are part of that arrangement and it is good I think the Senator also will remember going to get the benefit from all of this deal both for SPA and the power com- that recently the Southwestern Power integra ti on. pany. · Administration made a contract with the I think Mr. Wright is to be congratu Now that the Southwestern Power Ad Texas Power & Light Co. So far as I lated upon the conclusion of this very ministration and the Oklahoma Utili am aware-and I think the Senator from fine contract. ties have signed an operating contract, Arizona knows · more about this matter In that connection I desire to say that to which the chairman of the subcom than I do-that contract is working sat I have observed this matter very closely mittee has so eloquently and forcefully isfactorily. from time to time, and I found that the referred, the continuing fund of the Is it not a fact that the contract which power companies in Oklahoma at all Southwestern Power Administration has recently been made is a replica of · times were actually engaged in a serious must be used to make that contract op the Texas Power & Light Co. contract.. ·effort to come together and to arrive at erative. It is my understanding that but is adapted especially to conditions an agreement. There was no backing or because of the assurance that this con in Oklahoma? 'tilling and no dodging. I was convinced tract would be signed, the Appropria Mr. HAYDEN. The difference between ·all along, although there were some who tions Committee was able to reduce the the Texas Power & Light contract and were not so convinced, that where there request of SPA for funds, actual and the Oklahoma contract is that in the 'was the spirit to come to an accord an contractual, by approximately $6,000,- Texas agreement nothing was said or ·accord would be reached. 000. This saving results because the done and no arrangements were made in . I particularly want to state that R. K. lines and facilities of the Oklahoma util regard to supplying power to municipali Lane, of the Oklahoma Public Service ity companies will be available for trans ties, whereas in the case of the Oklahoma. 'co., impressed me as being a man who, mission of power to SPA customers, but contract a municipality or the Rural · 1standing stoutly for the interests of the the continuing fund is necessary for Electrification Administration or the 'people who invested their money in his such an arrangement. Government itself-any or all of them Icompany, yet realized th.at .cooperating Mr. President, l assume that the lan get the combined service of the com-_ lwith the Government in an effort of this guage relating to the SPA continuing ·Pany's power and of the Government's 1kind gained profit to them, and that it fund in the report was not intended to development of power, by means of the _ :could be done in a way that was entirely interfere in any way ·with ' the type of integration. \in keeping witb the present-public-power arrangement contained in the contracts Mr. THOMAS. Qf Oklahoma. Am I policies announced by the Congress. which have been entered into by SPA correct in saying th~t the.Present Okla I\ Mr. KERR. Mr. President, will the and the utilities on the one hand, and homa contract is more favorable both to Senator yield? on the other hand by SPA and the rural the Government and to consumers, the Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. electric cooperatives in Oklahoma and consumers being, first, the REA and pre Mr. KERR. To clarify a point in my nearby States, and which were described f erred customers under the Flood Con own mind I should like to ask the chair- before the committee during the hear trol Act -Of 1944?
ft man of the subcommittee a question ings. Mr. HAYDEN. That was the real diftl- · about the committee report which dis- I should like . to ask the chairman ·of · culty, namely, to -see that there was no 1cusses briefly the SPA continuing fund. the subcommittee if I am correct in that distinction as between preferred custom- I refer to the.lan_guage of the committee ·assumption. " ers, as set forth under the water power Ireport found at page 130 of the report Mr. HAYDEN. That is correct. The ·act-that is to say, regardless of whether 'to accompany House bill 7786, as follows: Oklahoma situation is this: All the it was a municipality or a Rural Elec I The subcommittee on Interior Depart representatives of the REA's in Okla trifl.cation cooperative or the Government ment appropriations conducted joint hear homa who talked to me said that they itself or any public ·agency. It was nec ings with the subcommittee on agricultural were hopeful and anxious that an inte- essary to see that all were treated alike. appropriations, whlch handles the appropria . grating contract might be made between That was not the case under the Texas tion for the Rural Electrification Administra- . the private power companies and the contract, because, a.s a matter of fact, tlon, on the use of the continuing fund of Southwestern Power Administration. there were no municipalities there that the Southwestern Power Administration for They felt that was to their advantage in the purpose of aiding in the construction wanted any power, and that question did and operation of facilities for producing and the area. On the other hand, I have not arise as an issue. However, it was *ransmitting power for the use of public heard no complaint from any private bound to arise in Oklahoma. It has been bodies and cooperatives. This program in power company in Oklahoma as to the solved to the satisfaction both of the volves the expenditure of loans of consider arrangement made by the Southwestern Southwestern Power Administration and ·able amounts by the REA to a combination Power Administration with the REA de to the private power companies. of local cooperatives and the lease of the velopment in that area. Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Is it not facilities by the Southwestern Power Ad· The Senator is perfectly correct. It a fact that under the Oklahoma contract Iministration. The continuing fund is being I used for this purpose to an extend.not con. is just as important, so far as a revolving the Government is able to sell to the ex I templated at the time SPA was created. fund is concerned, that money be made isting utilities all the power it can pro I The committee feels that the utmost care available to meet balances of payments duce, both firm power, secondary power, should be exercised by those administering from time to time, either with the private and even dump power? Jthis fund to avoid its use in any instance power companies or with the Rural Elec Mr. HAYDEN. The situation in that where it is not absolutely necessary to en trification Administration. That is the area, so far as hydroelectric power is able public bodies and cooperatives to se purpose. concerned, is somewhat different from cure sufficient power to supply customers. What we criticized in the report were the situation elsewhere, where the Gov It is not the intent of the committee that the continuing fund be used directly or in developments above and ·beyond that, in ernment is producing large quantities of directly in the construction or operation of other sections of the country. However, firm power. If my recollection is cor power-producing facilities and transmission so far as Oklahoma is concerned, no rect, there are approximately eight rivers lines to compete with private enterprise in one has complained about what has been which are to have flood-control dams areas where adequate power is available or done by the REA in that area, either built on them. Those rivers vary in flow will be made available within a reasonable publicly or privately. I understand that a great deal. For that reason, as the dry time at reasonable rates to the cooperatives the arrangement is entirely satisfactory season comes on, the volume of water in and public bodies. to all concerned. the reservoir lowers, and the amount of It is my understanding that one of the Mr: KERR. I thank the chairman of firm power which can ·be developed less purposes of the continuing fund was to the subcommittee very much. ens. If ideally situated, it is possible 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . 10499 to fit that fluctuating power into a priation of vast sums of money for the permit a further observation, let me say steam-plant system, whereas if the fluc building of transmission lines; but, in that I wish to pay my respects to the ad tuating hydro-electric power were not stead, the Government will be able to ministrator of the Southwestern Power available, the steam plant system would use the existing transmission lines for Administration, who has been working have to have stand-by steam plants, and transmitting the power, and thus will on this matter for all these years. I think large amownts of money would have to make the saving. There will be a saving it is to him that we must give credit for be invested for that purpose. to the Government, and also, as I think doing the detailed headwork in the prep So this arrangement-utilizing the the Senator will agree, all money in aration of both the Texas Power and Government power, which is mainly uni vested in transmission lines eventually Light Co. contract and the so-called firm-integrates that power into the must be repaid by the consumers of Oklahoma contract. I believe he has system of the private power companies. electricity. rendered a signal service to the public, Then when the Government takes out Mr. HAYDEN. Wherever a transmis and especially to the electric industry, by power to supply to its preferred cus sion line is built, either by a private the development of those two contracts. tomers, it is firm power, available 24 utility or by the Government, the rate I also wish to pay my compliments and hours a day and every day the .year for electricity must be fixed at such a respects to the chairman of the Interior 'round. point as to make it possible in the Subcommittee of the Appropriations Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. As a course of time, to amortize the payments Committee, the Senator from Arizona matter of fact, the State of Oklahoma for the transmission line. [Mr. HAYDEN], because he has been in has a great many rivers which are fed Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. I think tently interested all these years in try by flash floods coming from· northwest time will demonstrate the wisdom of the ing to work out something which will Arkansas, southwest Missouri, southern Oklahoma contract, in that both par relieve his committee and the Congress Kansas, southeast Colorado, northeast ties will be benefited-a somewhat un of the necessity of guessing as to appro New Mexico, and western Texas. Those usual situation under a contract. The priations for these purposes. fioods flow into the rivers which carry Government will be benefited, and also With these contracts in existence, so the water across my State, and eventu the consumers will be benefited, because far as these two States and the South ally the water goes either into the Ar both will have the advantage of the sec west are concerned, we have a pattern. kansas River, which fiows through Ar ond cheapest power rate in the entire and if the private companies are un kansas, or into the Red River, which country. willing or for any reason ref use to build fiows through Louisiana. Mr. HAYDEN. The Government had the lines which are necessary, I think it In our State there are no rivers which unfirm, fluctuating power, which by it is understood that the Congress will be are constant in fiow. So the only water self could not bring a very good price. called upon to build them. As one mem we have, as a rule, is the water coming The private power companies had steam ber of the committee, so long as I am from the so-called flash floods. plants which they would have to main here, I shall be very glad to go along and Therefore, in order to provide power, tain in excess capacity for stand-by serv help build such lines. So I pay that we must catch the water in reservoirs, ice, but which they are not now required compliment to the chairman of the sub and must hold it there. By doing so, we to build or to maintain, because they can committee, because I give him credit for serve flood control, and later on we run obtain . the Government pawer. So one working out this matter to a very high the water through turbines and create hand washed the other. degree. electricity. Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. For Mr. HAYDEN. I thank the Senator. My point is that under the Oklahoma some time the Members of the Senate Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. contract the Government is able to sell who handle the Interior Department ap President, at this point I should like to -an the power it can create, both firm propriation bill in the Appropriations off er for the RECORD a brief statement. power, secondary power, and dump pow Committee have been very anxious to It is a part of a speech I made at the er, because the utilities can take the hold hearings to develop a Federal pub dedication of the Depnison Dam, which power when it is available, and at such lic power policy. Does not the Senator took place on July l, 1944. That was times they can close down their steam from Arizona believe that the Oklahoma before section 5 of the Flood Control Act plants to some extent and can depend on contract., together with the Texas Power was enacted. I ask permission to incor the use of the floodwaters. Then when and Light contract, go a long way toward porate that very brief statement at this the fioods have abated and are over, the developing a national policy? point in the RECORD, as a part of my private power companie~ can fire up Mr. HAYDEN. I think they will be remarks. their steam plants and can begin to highly valuable in that respect. There being no objection, the extract operate again on the basis of steam I may add that the same palicy which was ordered to be printed in the RECORD. power. we adopted, as applied to the United as follows: So this system enables us to get the States Reclamation Service, has borne How will this power be distributed? greatest possible amount of revenue; and good fruit. First we provided in the bill Public power, as a rule, is produced as a by at the same time, according to the South money with · which to construct trans product of flood-control, reclamation, and western Power Administration's an mission lines from the Hungry Horse navigation developments. nouncement, the rate will be 5.6 mills per Dam in Montana. That area is divided The Government should not, in my judg kilowatt-hour, which is the second between the Reclamation Service, on the ment, enter the field of power development eastern slope, and the Bonneville Power in such a manner as to destroy the value of cheapest rate in the entire country, so existing power facilities which have served I am advised. Administration, on the western slope. and are serving the wants and needs of the Mr. HAYDEN. I understand that the The power company violently opposed people. rate to public bodies in Oklahoma will the construction of any transmission It seems to me that a cooperative plan be among the very lowest in the United line into Anaconda, but we provided for of power development and distribution may States, and that it is advantageous to i~ . · be worked out whereby the people in the pursue this course, as demonstrated by As a result, they got together with the cities·and on the farms may receive the ben the testimony of Mr. Wright, who justi Bonneville Power Administration, and efits of such power at reasonable rates. Such a plan should embrace a program fied our action in recommending that, made a contract which is entirely satis wherein the Government may create the under this bill, $6,000,000 be taken from factory both to the Government and to electrical energy and the existing distribut the cash and contract authority. His the company. ing systems may take the current at the testimony further is that it means a sav In Colorado there has been consider point of manufacture and thereby both the ing of at least $850,000 a year during the able difficulty. My information from the Government and the existing systems may years to coine; and as he so aptly pointed Reclamation Service is that there has profit by such cooperative plan of operation. out in his remarks, that saving inures been agreement in principle upon a Former Senator James P. Pope, now a Di to the benefit of the consumers of pow wheeling arrangement which is entirely rector of the Tennessee Valley Authority, has er in the Oklahoma area. satisfactory. There remains in Mon just made the following statement: It "There ts no doubt but that this coopera Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. is a tana one difficulty, which I shall discuss tive effort, which makes for efficiency, econ fact, I believe-and I think the Senator a °little later, with respect to a transmis omy, and better service, is here· to stay and from Arizona will confirm what I say sion line. will play an increasingly important part in that by virtue of this contract, the Gov Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma. Mr. Pres the future development of the public and ernment will be able to avoid the appro- ident. if the Senator from Arizona will private power industry." 10500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 Unless this policy is adopted the · Govern tor from Oklahoma [Mr. KERR] asked Budget esttmates, House action, and Senate ment will be forced to build stand-by steam the Senator from Arizona with refer committee recommendations plants and in addition will have to build ence to the language on page 130 of the CASH APPROPRIATIONS transmission and distributing lines in order committee report dealing with the Amount of bill as passed by . to deliver the electricity to the consumers. House------$622, 134,130 The Government is interested in making a. Southwestern Power Administration. I was very much pleased, I may say, with Amount of decrease by Senate • success of its fiood control, reclamation, and (net) after including $5,698,- navigation power developments. the answer of the Senator from Arizona. 000 of supplemental esti The public is interested in securing elec I was not at all surprised, but I was mates sent to Senate after tricity at a reasonable price. pleased that he made the answer he did, bill passed House______5, 128, 100 These two interests can be harmonized and because, as he indicated in his answer adjusted to the benefit of both the Govern to single out-REA co-ops and deny them Total of bill as reported ment and the consumers. to Senate______617, 006, 030 This is one of the problems that must be the advantages of arrangements involv ing the use of the SPA continuing fund, solved and when it is solved it must take into Amount of 1951 budget esti consideration the injury done by removing while permitting its use to make pay mates: property from taxation and then it must give ments to private power companies un Regular estimates______669, 251, 505 credit to the values which may be created der the Texas and Oklahoma contracts, Supplemental estimates as the direct result of the making available would be rank discrimination against (S. Docs. 154, 157, and of an abundance of cheap power. the REA co-ops. 186) ------5,720,000 Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. Wright made· it Total· regular and sup- Senator yield? perfectly clear in his testimony that plemental estimates__ 674, 971, ~05 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LEH this revolving fund was just as neces Amount of 1950 appropria- MAN in the chair). Does the Senator sary in order to do business with the tions ______:.______590, 203, 947 from Arizona yield to the Senator from private power companies as it was . to The bill as reported to the New Mexico? do business with the REA's or for the Senate: · Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. REA's to do business with the private Under the regular and sup plemental estimates for . Mr. CHAVEZ. As I ·understand the companies. '. 1951______. __ $57, 965, 475 statement of. the Senator from Arizona, Mr. HILL. Certainly the committee Exceeds appropriations for in describing the Hungry Horse project, had no intention whatever of saying the point which the Senator was trying anything or doing anything that would 1950 ------~-- 26,8~2.088 to make was that if this appropriation discriminate against the REA coopera CONTRACT ,AUTHORIZATIONS Amount of. contract authoriza- had not been made, the chances, of get tives. - tions included in bill as ting private power companies and others Mr. HAYDEN. · No; they were to be passed by House______$38, 250, 000 together on a power contract would not treated alike. Amount of reduction in con- have been so good as they were when Mr. HILL. Exactly alike. . tract authorizations by Sen- the Southwestern Power Administra . r ate (net)------420,000 tion or the Government had the author SUMMARY TABLES ity to do it if the others did not. Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, I de Total of contract au Mr. HAYDEN. That was the policy sire now to conclude my remarks by ·thorizations as re- saying that I have covered the larger ported to Senate_____ 37,830,000 we adopted last year, and I am going to Amount -of 1951 - budget esti- say it has proved to be practical and items included in the bill, and without taking the time of the Senate to discuss mates for contract authori sound. In each case; when the private zations------44,750,000 power company learned that if it did not the committee's recommendations on Amount of contract authoriza- make a contract satisfactory to the Gov appropriations for all of the bureaus and tions, 1950______65,251,700 ernment, the Government would build services in the Interior Department, I The bill as reported to the transmission lines to serve its own cus ask unanimous consent to insert in the Senate: tomers, they then arrived · at a settle RECORD at this point as a part of my re .. Under the 1951 budget marks certain summary data and tables estimates for contract \ ment which was mutually satisfactory. authorizations -----~--- 6, 920,_000 j Mr. HILL. Mr. President, w:.n the included in the committee's report, which Under the 1950 contract Senator yield? set forth the over-all action of the com authorizations ------27, 421, 700 . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does mittee on chapter VII. and its recom- the Senator from Arizona yield to the . mendations with respect to each bureau COMPARATIVE SUMMARY TABLE j and service.· The table follow:ing shows the over-all 1 Senator from Alabama? action on chapter VII . of the bill setting I Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. There being no objection, the following forth the 1951 budget estimates, the amounts Mr. HILL. I was very much interest summary, data, -an'd tables were ordered allowed by the House, and the amounts rec- ed in a question which the junior Sena- to be printed in the RECORD. ommended by the Senate committee: ~ Cash appropriations
Increase (+), de· Increase ~), de· Increase <+>. de- Increase (+), de- crease (-), Sen- crease ( - ) , Sen- crease (-), Sen· crease(-),House ate committee ate committee ate committee Recom- Amount rec· bill compared bill compared bill compared 1950 appro· 1951 budget mended in cimmended with estimates with 1950 appro- bill comparoo Office or bureau priation estimate House bill, qy Senate priations with estill!ates with House bill 1951 committee Per- Per- Per· Per· Amount cent ·Amount cent Amount cent Amount cent
Office of the Secretary ______$6, 178, 075 $14, 251, 800 $14, 075, 000 -$11, 974, 000 -$176, 800 0.12 +$5, 795, 925 93.8l .:...$2, 277, 800 15. 98 -$2, 101, 000 14.92 Commission of Fine Arts ______12,000 12, 5.30 12, 530 12, 530 +sao 4. 41 ------Bonneville Power Administration .•. 30, 284, 500 47, 250,000 46, 500, 000 44,000, 000 --·-~750~000" -i~58- + 13, 715, 500 29.02 -3, 250,000 6.87 -2, 500, 000 5.37 Bureau of Land Management ______6, 580, 200 9, 650, 000 7,356, 800 7, 927, 810 . -2, 293, 200 23. 76 +l,347,610 13. 96 -1, 722, 190 17.84 +571,010 7. 76 Bureau cf Indian Affairs.------·- 59, 605, 246 85, 996, 375 76, 793,000 - 80, 746, 055 -9, 203,375 10. 70 +21, 140, 809 35.46 -5, 250,320 6.10 +3, 953,055 5.14 Bureau of Reclamation ______.356, 754, 510 359, 318, 500 325, 108, 000 324, 104, 000 -34, 210, 500 9. 52 -32, 650, 510 9.15 -35, 214, 500 9.80 -1,004,000 .30 Geological Survey ______16, 044, 400 20, 275, 000 19, 129, 000 19, 382, 000 -1, 146,000 5. 65 +3,337,600 20.80 -893,000 4.40 +253,000 1.32 Bureau or Mines ______24, 046, 500 25, 208, 700 . 24, 235, 600 24, 131, 100 -973, 100 3.86 +84,600 .35 -1., 077, 600 . 4.48 -104, 500 .43 National Park Ser.vice ______: ____ 29, 749, 950 39, 406, 500 36, 745, 200 36, 118, 300 -2, 661, 300 6. 75 +6,368,350 21. 40 -3, 288, 200 8.34 -626,000 1. 70 Fish and Wildlife Service _____ .______12, 936, 500 14, 350, 500 14, 375, 500 14, 547, 950 +25,000 .17 +1, 611, 450 12. 45 +197,450 1.37 +172, 450 1.19 Government in the Territories ______45, 736, 066 58, 777, 600 57, 329, 500 53, 588, 2&5 -1, 448, 100 2.46 +7, &52, 219 17.16 -5, 189, 315 8. 82 -3;741, 215 6.52 Subtotal, Department of the Interior------587, 927, 947 674, 497, 505 621, 660, 130 616, 532, 030 -52, 837, 375 7. 83 +28, 604, 083 4. 86 -57, 965, 475 8. 59 -5, 128, 100 .82 Virgin Islands Corporation ______2, 276, 000 474, 000 474, 000 474, 000 ------. -1, 802, 000 79.17 ------Grand total, ch. VII, Depart- ment of the Interior ______590, 203, 947 674, 971, 505 622, 134, 130 617, 006, 030 -52, 837, 375 7. 82 +26, 802, 083 4.54 -57, 965, 475 8. 58 -5, 128, 100 .82
C01'.'1:~ACT AUTHORIZATIONS
Total.. ______) $65, 251, 700 I$44, 750, 000 j $38, 250, 000 l $37, 830, 000 j -$6, 500, 000 14. 521-$27, 421, 700 142. O l -$6, 920, coo 115. 461 -$420, 000 1. 09 \..
1950 CO_NGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10501 · Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, will panies in the Kansas or Missouri area, taking it to conference and then deter the Senator yield for a suggestion at or elsewhere, it then will not be neces mining what it actually should be. In this point? sary for the Southwestern Power Admin other words, we had no testimony of any Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. istration to construct transmission lines kind from anyone upon which to base Mr. MAGNUSON. With respect to to serve preferred customers; just as it. the cut or to justify the cut. We simply the Columbia Basin appropriation, the happened in Oklahoma. If, however, acted on general principles. House committee allowed the full amount suitable. arrangements cannot be made, Mr. KERR. Mr. President, I should requested by the Budget Bureau. The there is then authority to see that the like to say to the Senator that his as Senate committee cut $3,700,000, as I preferred customers of the Government sumption that the costs of operation with recall, or $4,000,000 from the amount. I are served, customers such as the mu reference to construction have decreased was wondering whether, for the pur nicipalities and REA. is accurate and well founded. However, pose of the record, the Senator could Mr. SCHOEPPEL. I thank the Sen as he is probably as well aware as is any give us a brief explanation of the re ator. other Member of this body, upon the duction. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The completion of the contract between the Mr. HAYDEN. The reason the Sen question is on agreeing to the first com Southwestern Power Administration, the ate committees reduced that amount mittee amendment in chapter VIL utility companies, and the REA, we have under the Budget Bureau's estimate, The clerk will state the amendment. now advanced many years in the scope and under the amount appropriated by The first amendment, under the head of area served and the extent of opera the House, was that we were trying to ing "Chapter VII-Department of the tion carried on, and where we will have recover as much money as we could in Interior-Title I-Office of the Secre some saving with reference to the opera different places in the bill, to equal the tary-Salaries and expenses," was on tion and maintenance of construction cut that would be made if the Taber page 230, line 12, after the word "service", :projects which will not be built there will Thomas amendment were adopted. In to strike out "$2,315,000" and insert be a corresponding increase in the op doing that, we found that, so far as the "$2,100,000." eration and maintenance with reference Columbia Basin was concerned, as in The amendment was agreed to. to the over-an ·picture of the operation. other instances, there was a carry-over The next amendment was, on page Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, wilJ of an unexpended balance, which, in 230, after line 12, to insert: . the Senator yield? .the estimate of the engineers of whom "STANDARDIZATION OF GEOGRAPHIC N~MES Mr. HAYDEN. I yield . we inquired, made it safe to make a re For expe~ses necessary for carrying out the Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, the duction at this time. In other words, we provisions of the act of July 25, 194.7 {43 junior Senator from Nebraska is a mem wanted to be sure there was sufficient U. S. C. 364), including personal services in ber of the subcommittee, and my under µioney in the bill to meet all contractual the District of Columbia and printing and standing is that the appropriation does payments for construction projects binding, $14,000. carry a percentage increase over .the which were going on during the year, The amendment was agreed to. :figure for last year. The :figure last year but, where there was more than that, we The next amendment was, under the was $525,000. I may be in error, but my preferred to let it go over to another subhead "Enforcement of the Connally understanding is that we increased the year. Hot Oil Act," on page 231, line 3, after· figure to $660,000. Mr. MAGNUSON. In regard to this the word "binding", to strike out "$200,- Mr. HAYDEN. The amount carried particular instance-- 000" and insert "$180,000." last year was $525,000. The budget esti Mr. HAYDEN. We are quite confi The amendment was agreed to. mate this year was $785,000, of which the dent that this would in no manner in The next amendment was, under the House allowed $760,000, and we took off terfere with the orderly progress of con subhead "Operation and maintenance, another $100,000. We took it off by struction on the project. southeastern power marketing area," on guess, without any particular reason. Mr. MAGNUSON. Adequate plan page 232, line 7, after the word "bind Mr. WHERRY. Is it not a fact that ning for next year will be taken care of, ing", to strike out "$150,000" and insert the budget estimate was increased to because of the overlays and the amount "$100,000." take care of the very situation which the that was given. Is that correct? The amendment was agreed to. distinguished Senator from Oklahoma. Mr. HAYDEN. The Senator is cor The next amendment was, under the has mentioned, and that when the facili rect. subhead "Construction, Southwestern ties were reduced about $1,000,000 out of Mr. SCHOEPPEL. Mr. President, I Power Administration," on page 232, line $6,000,000 the administration cost was should like to ask the distinguished Sen 14. after the word "expended", to strike reduced in that amount? a tor from Arizona a question: In his out "$10,350,000" and insert "$8,620,- Getting back to my original question~ judgment, and in the judgment of the 000", and in line 19, after the word "ex is it not a fact that the increase this committee, are there sufficient funds to ceed", to strike out "$6,000,000" and in year is $660,000 to continue the improve make it unnecessary to curtail any of the sert ' '. $1,730,000." ments which the distinguished Senator developments of the REA programs The amendment was agreed to. is talking about? which have been brought before the The next amendment was, under the Mr. HAYDEN. The justification reads committee? subhead "Operation and maintenance, as follows: Mr. HAYDEN. The REA money, I may Southwestern Power Administration," on It is anticipated that approximately 340 say to the Senator, is carried in the agri page 233, line 7, after the word "area", miles of additional transmission lines and cultural chapter of this bill, and I am to strike out "$760,000'' and insert related facllities will be completed and ready sure the amount allowed is ample for "$660,000." for operation and maintenance 1n the fiscal that purpose. The only purpose of this Mr. KERR. Mr. President, reserving year 1951. These additional facilities, to section of the bill, chapter VII, with re the. right to object, for and on behalf of gether with the 500 miles of transmission spect to REA, is to provide for cases in the senior Senator from Oklahoma, we lines already being operated and maintained, will entail an estimated cost of $575,000 in which some service is rendered by the desire to ask the chairman of the com the fiscal year 1951 as compared with $375,- Southwestern Power Administration in mittee to eliminate that amendment and 000 in the fiscal year 1950. The costs for the Senator's area. to let the figure stand as passed by the fiscal year 1950 did not represent a full year's Mr. SCHOEPPEL. That is what I am House, at $760,000. operation and maintenance cost, as the pro getting at. Mr. HAYDEN. I may say to the Sena gram was initiated in that year, and the Mr. HAYDEN. The way I understand tor that the sole and only reason the necessary staff to operate and maintain the -the situation, so far as southeastern committee had for making that reduc 500 miles of transmission lines was not Kansas is concerned, and so far as south tion was the assumption that, having re required until the latter part of that fiscal western Missouri and Arkansas are con duced the amount of appropriation and year. cerned, is that the Oklahoma contracts authorizatiov. by some $6,000,000-the Mr. WHERRY. This justification was as they have been developed, are to serve appropriation part of it by a little more made prior to the time the cpntract was as a model or basis·f or similar contracts than $1,000,000-we thought that per negotiated which permitted a cut in the elsewhere within the area, and, where haps there would not be as much opera appropriations for construction. suitable integrating or wheeling arrange tion and maintenance to be undertaken, Mr. HAYDEN. No. ·There is no con ments can be made with private com- r.nd so we made this cut with the idea of nection, if the Senator will bear with me, 10502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JULY 18 between the reduction in the amount of Aluminum metal is made in factories miles apart to adequately service a 3,000- money and the appropriation of this called potlines. mile transmission system. amount of money for operation and The term is descriptive. Too few men will inevitably mean over maintenance except that in the future, Each potline is a building with 128 time. Overtime will mean fatigue. Fa according to the testimony, there will be large cauldrons placed in a row. tigue will mean human error and delay. more lines brought into operation this Heavy electric fixtures are affixed to We must not speculate on our alumi year than were brought in last year. each pot so that strong, continuous elec num supply now. These Northwest Mr. WHERRY. Perhaps I did not tric current can be poured through it. aluminum plants must be kept in con state it correctly, but there is the con The pots are filled with a sugarlike tinuous production at all costs. nection that, if lines are not brought in, crystal known as aluminum oxide. The This means continuous power supply. the increase allowed will take care of the current is turned on and other mineral It is hoped that in view of the serious costs this year. is added. situation confronting us, which may grow Mr. HAYDEN. If we appropriate It is a continuous process. I repeat, even more serious due to events in the money this year to construct a line, un it is continuous. past few weeks, the conference commit til the line js built we do not operate and As the metal is drained off the pots tee will give very serious consideration maintain it. new raw material is added. to this matter, because it involves one of Mr. WHERRY. I understand that. If the current should fail to supply one the most vital matters which exists today The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of these potlines for as much as three in our country, namely, the production question is on agreeing to the committee consecutive hours, it would take 2 weeks of aluminum. The conferees :rpay wish amendment. to get back into production again. The to re~valuate the operation-and-mainte The amendment was agreed to. metal and other mineral would freeze in nance figure. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the pots. The electrodes might be dam I urge full restoration of this cut in Clerk will state the next amendment. aged. The frozen minerals would be operation-and-maintenance funds for The next amendment was, under the painstakingly chipped out. The 128 pots the Bonneville Power Administration. subhead "Bonneville Power Administra would be slowly brought back into pro This agency is paying a profit to the tion-Construction," on page 234, line 9, duction, one at a time. Federal Treasury each year. after the word "expended", to strike out The average aluminum potline pro From the standpoint of economics, "$41,500,000" and insert "$39,500,000'', · duces about 100,000 pounds per day. from the standpoint of ordinary good and in line 14, after the word "exceed", Thus a 2-weeks' delay, due to a single business, and, above all, from the stand to strike out "$21,750,000" and insert 3-hour electric-power failure, would point of national security, these funds "$20,000,000." mean a production loss of 1,400,000 should be restored. The amendment was agreed to. pounds of aluminum. Mr. HAYDEN. I am sure that Dr. The next amendment was, under the The Bonneville Power Administration Raver will make the necessary recom subhead "Operation and maintenance," serves electricity to 19 aluminum potlines mendations to the committee. on page 234, line 22, after the word in the Pacific Northwest. This represents Mr. MAGNUSON. Yes. "energy", to strike out "$5,000,000" and half the aluminum production of the Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, will the insert "$4,500,000." entire country. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I Senator yield? The power system of the Bonneville Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. should like to discuss this amendment Administration has been consistently very briefly. I am not objecting to the Mr. CORDON. In view of the com overloaded since the last war. There is ments of the Senator from Washington i·eduction in construction, but there is a so little reserve capacity left in it, due to ve.ry serious matter involved in the op with res:oect to potlines, it should be growth of power use, that any little dis noted that the amount originally re er'a tion-and-maintenance figure, and I turbance can cause a power failure w!sh to point it out in the hope that when quested for 1951 for maintenance and op throughout the entire region. eration of transmission lines was $3,400,- the bill goes to conference the conferees · The Bonneville transmission system is will be able to provide a better figure 000. The amount for the over-all ad like a rubber band that has been ministration is $4,500,000. I come from than that which is suggested by the com stretched around a parcel too big for it. mittee. the Pacific Northwest, and I am inter There is no spare stretch left. If any ested in the proper operation of Bonne The Bureau of the Budget recom little thing goes wrong, the whole as mended $5,250,000 for operation and ville. However, like ~very other activity sembly flies apart. of Government, it mllst have money ap maintenance of the Bonneville power Constant vigilance is required by the transmission system in fiscal 1951. The propriated for its operation, and in view Bonneville substation operators to detect of nresent conditions I hope the com House approved $5,000,000, a reduction of and forecast the possibility of trouble. $250,000. The Senate committee cut this mittee's action will be sustained. an additional $500,000, leaving the Ad Constant alertness is required to cut Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, did ministrator only $4,500,000 to carry out repair time to a minimum· after trouble I understand the Senator to say that all of the vital functions required to op develops. A little money goes a long the amount requested was $3,500,000? erate and maintain a transmission sys way here. Mr. CORDON. For transmission tem relied upon by almost every com A few hundred thousand doll~rs can maintenance and operation it was $3,- munity in the entire Pacific Northwest. mean maintenance crews stationed every 400,000. I urge the Senate to reject the com 50 or 100 miles instead of every 200 miles. Mr. MAGNUSON. I understood it was mittee amendment. By so doing we will And a single hour's travel time can $5,250,000, and that the Budget Bureau insure that the $5,000,000 allowed by the mean the difference between 2-hour approved that figure. House is available to BPA in the coming power failure for 19 aluminum potlines Mr. CORDON. The Senator is in error year. and a 3%-hour power failure. in his understanding of the make-up of The potential adverse effect of the A single hour's travel could mean a the · appropriation item. Three million, $500,000 Senate committee cut is out of difference of 26,600,000 pounds of alumi four hundred thousand dollars was esti all proportion to the dollars involved. num production for the Nation's needs. mated for the operation and mainte Let me give the Senate just one example The proposed reduction in the opera nance of the transmission system, $600,- Of how serious could be our ·failure to tion and maintenance funds of the 000 for power marketing, and $1,165,000 provide adequate operation and mainte Bonneville Administration strikes di for general administrative activities. nance funds. rectly at the reliability of service to plants The point I make is that so far as the Everyone here by this time has become which supply half the Nation's aluminum. transmission system is concerned it is· aware of the importance of aluminum No utility can guarantee against occa more than $1,000,000 within the figure production both to a peacetime and to a sional power failure. But inadequate the committee reached. I join with the preparedness economy. funds for the operation and maintenance Senator "from Washington in his sugges The most' essential ingredient in the of the system can guarantee that there tion that a careful check be made when manufacture of aluminum is large quan will be a considerable number of power the matter reaches 'conference. I am tities of low-cost electric power available failures. satisfied that the system can be operated 24 hours .a day without interruption. I . Lack of a relatively few thousand dol within the figure which the committee repeat, without interruption. lars can mean too few men, too many has recommended. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10503 Mr. MURRAY. Mr. Presiaent, repre for which this budget item is designed Mr. President, I should like to point senting in part the State of Montana I to keep operating. out that in this increase of $371,000 am naturally interested in the Bonneville Three-fourths of the weight of every above the House figure, $100,000 is for power program. I wish to record myself military plane is aluminum and our na range reseeding. It seems to me the as being in accord with the disting.uished tional aluminum capacity right now is Grazing Administration would do much Senator from Washington in this matter. insufficient for civilian needs-let alone better to prevent overgrazing from oc There seems little point in appropriat military requirements. curring than to permit it to occur in the ing hundreds of millions of dollars over This half million dollars will buy a lands it leases, and then spend tax a period of years for the construction of great deal. money to reseed the land which has been vital electric power facilities and then Failure to spend it will inevitably cost overgrazed. permitting these facilities slowly to de us a great deal. There is a second item of $75,000 for teriorate for lack of adequate mainte I urge that the House figure be re weed control in the California and Ore nance. stored. gon forests. I do not know what par Yet the proposed reduction in the op Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the ticular weeds are flourishing there, but eration and maintenance funds of the Senator yield? apparently they are seeking an appro Bonneville Power Administration will Mr. MURRAY. I yield. priation to put down Scotch broom or bring about this circumstance. Mr. CHAVEZ. I merely wish to say similar weeds. At any rate if this pro Mr. MCKELLAR. Mr. President, I can that not only is the subcommittee one of gram is necessary, expenditures for it assure the Senator from Montana that the best subcommittees of the Senate, should be taken from the increase al the Government has no intention of but it is a sympathetic subcommittee. ready granted by the House. allowing that to happen. It does not in This subcommittee is philosophically fa There is an increase in the item for tend that the plants should deteriorate~ vorable to the project. general administration, although the It has conducted a good job in the past, Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, will House had already allowed $903,000, and it will conduct a good job in the the Senator yield. making the total virtually $1,000,000 for future. The subcommittee in this case Mr. MURRAY. Yes. administration, which seems to me to be is one of the best :subcommittees in the Mr. MAGNUSON. Both the Senator a very high figure. Senate. They went into the matter very from Montana and I appreciate the fine Finally the committee provided an in thoroughly. They heard much testi work which the subcommittee has done. crease for what are called "cadastral mony. They have pursued the matter Our only suggestion was that· the im surveys" of $100,000. I was somewhat with the greatest of care and delibera portance of keeping the aluminum pot puzzled by this elaborate phrase "cadas tion. They will see to it that what the lines in operation may give rise to the tral survey," and I looked it up in the Senator fears will not happen. advisability of perhaps reviewing the dictionary and found that it means "an Mr. MURRAY. I am sure of the in matter in conference. official register of the quantity, value, tention of the committee. Mr. MURRAY. I sincerely feel that and ownership of real estate, used in During the past several years I have the members of the subcommittee have apportioning taxes." In view of the fact noticed a recurring pattern in the de done a splendid job. I know it is not that the House had already allowed bates and action on this item. their intention to permit any deteriora $743,000, and this is another $100,000, The Bonneville and Department of tion of these great works on the Colum this seems to me a rather expensive Interior officials, in their contacts with bia River. At the same time through "cadaster." Members of the Senate each year, have accident or inadvertence appropriations I take it that another term for the been uniformly reasonable and com may not be forthcoming to carry out the "cadastral survey" is the "Domesday plaisant on most appropriation adjust programs as they should be carried out. Book" which· William the Conqueror im ments proposed by this body. I do not think it is necessary to dwell on posed on England. Let us beware of But for the past 3 or 4 years, they have the matte.i: any further. I merely wish making this appropriation bill another told us a consistent story on operations to record myself as agreeing with the Domesday Book for the American tax and maintenance money. Senator from Washington. payer and for the resources and man In brief, they have pointed out that, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The power of the country at a time when we while we have been adding to the size question is on agreeing to the amend need them for defense. and value of their plant each year, we ment on page 234, line 22. Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, the Bu have not been making commensurate in The amendment was agreed to. reau of Land Management produces rev creases in allowances for maintenance The PRESIDING OFFICER. The enue for the Government. The amount and operation of that plant. cle:rk will state the next amendment. of increase allowed by the subcommit Furthermore, I am told, the Bonneville The next amendment was, under the tee was not so much as I personally would - operations records reflect this situation. subhead "Bureau of Land Management have liked to see allowed. When we have Each year, there is a little more news in Management of lands and resources," on an agency which handles income-pro the Pacific Northwest newspapers ·about page 235, line 22, after the word "Man ducing property of the United States, severe power failures than in the previ agement", to strike out "$6,756,800" and which, if it has proper supervision, can ous year. insert "$7,127,810." bring greater revenue into the Treasury The amount of funds involved in this Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, last than the cost of the service, it is highly item is not large. The committee has year there was appropriated $6,215,000. desirable to make adequate appropria cut the House figure by $500,000. With .The House bill increased· this sum by tions for it, just as it is to employ addi out this $500,000 much maintenance nearly a half million dollars more, to a tional internal-revenue collectors when work on the Bonneville-Grand Coulee total of $6,757,000. The Senate com they can bring in more money than their system will be left undone. mittee now proposes to raise this sum by salaries cost. Now perhaps this would not matter if $371;000 more, to a total of $7,128,000. Mr. President, that is the situation such work were delayed for a year; but I am rounding off the figures to the last with respect to this Bureau. I believe I am reliably informed that much of this thousand. This would represent an in that if the Senator were as familiar with work has already been delayed for sev crease over 1950 of $913,000. the facts as the subcommittee is, he eral years and that, due to rising costs Mr. President, the House figures are would heartily agree with us that when and inadequate funds in past years, the already $541,000 above the 1950 expendi it comes to supervising properly leases backlog of incomplete maintenance work ture. In view of the stringent economic for oil and gas on the public domain, is slowly piling up and bringing nearer conditions of our country, and in view and for the handling of the grazing land and nearer the evil day when failures in of the fact that the increases provided to get a better income, and so on, that, equipment will bring tremendous and by the committee are for somewhat from the standpoint of business enter serious losses. doubtful purposes, as I shall show in a prise the Bureau of Land Management This House should reflect carefully minute, I hope very much the committee has not been adequately supplied in the on the consequences of power failure in amendment will be rejected, or, better past. the Pacific Northwest. Half the Na still, that the chairman of the commit For that reason, the Bureau of the tion's aluminum production is in that tee, out of the kindness of his heart, will Budget, realizing that this is a revenue region and is served directly by the lines withdraw the committee amendment. producing agency, increased the amount 10504 CONG:RESSIONAL RECORD-S~NATE JULY 18 recommended to Congress over the ap little hope that there can be- develop the public domain; For example,· it propriation of last year to $8,650,000. ment in Alaska, as . a Territory or as a ·would ·be utterly · impossible to procure The committee did not allow that much, State, until there can be a survey of the the revenue 'derived by the G·overnment although I would have liked to see it al lands so that they may be alienated if, from the production of oil and gas and lowed. I believe it would be a good in as, and when that is proper to the devel coal upon the public ·domain if we did vestment for the Government ·of the opment of the Territory. not have an efficient Bureau of Land United States to appropriate the full As to the general administration item_, Management. budget estimate. We would mak:e money the subcommittee over a .Period of years Mr. DO.UGLAS. The question is by doing that. But we compromised in past, in cooperation, I may say, with .the whether we are not paying too much for the committee, and the figure in the bill Senate Committee on Interior and In the whistle. · is the amount the committee stands on. sular Affairs, has urged the Interior De Mr. O'MAHONEY~ No. I am sure if I hope the recommendation made by the partment to get its house in order with the Senator had the opportunity to ex Senator from Illinois will be rejected. reference to its records in the public lands amine the testimony adduced befo.re this Mr. CORDON. Mr. President, I have field. The reorganization of the Interior committee he· would agree that we are worked on this subcommittee for some Department in the past 3 or 4 years has not "paying too much for the whistle." 3 years, and I believe that the recom resulted in a great le·ssening in the nu;m Mr. President, I was 'pointing out that menda'tion of the subcommittee in the ber of applications ·for leases on the the income in 1949 amounted to $3'i'.,149,- matter of the appropriation for the Bu public lands~ Due to this reorganization, 000. · In 1950 it was increased to $38,- reau of Land Management is founded at the present time we are hoping that 850;000. The best estimate submitted to in sound logic, based upon testimony the Bureau of. Land Management may go ·us by the Bureau ofL-and Management- which wholly warrants these several forward wlth its perpetuation of land and these figures have -not been ques- increases. title records, something vitally impor tioned anywhere-indicate that in the In the instance of the Grazing Ad tant, as of course every lawyer imme fiscal year 1951 the revenue will be more ministration, the Government is faced diately understands. than $44,000,000. with a condition and not a theory in the The base of title to land, of course, With respect to the appropriation vast Columbia Plateau grazing areas. rests in the patent from the Government. dealing with forest management, that in:. These · areas were overgrazed many, We found that those records were .in a -eludes expenditures of various kinds -to many years ago, some· of them to the deplorable condition. A very consider make available for the commercial ac:. point where there was hardly any grass able. portion of the money proposed to tivities of. the country ·- and : the sale of . growing year· by year. be -added· for general ·· administration is public timber the fores ts which are on The reseeding will give an opportunity going into the work of bringing the the area administered by the ·Bureau .of .to bring into forage production vast ·records up to aa te in the Land Depart Land Management. · · areas where there is no value at the pres ment, and perpetuating those whic-h are ·The 0. · and· c: timber sales in 1949 ent time. In addition to-that, the n~ces vital -to· land titles. · amounted to $3,53·2:ooo. It is estimated sities in the grazing areas are well known . · Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President,· I .that in 1951 they will amount to approx· to the people of tlie West, not, of course, should:like to supplement what has been _imately $4,000,000, or an increase of ·al so wen known to those· who have· not said by the distinguished chairman of most half a· million dollars over 1949. .· lived there. the subcommittee in· charge of this chap · It seems to me that· an appropriation We in the· West realize that there are ter. of the bill and by the·Senator from of $75,000 for the management of these uncounted thousands of acres of pri Oregon. The Senator from Arizona has ·revested timberlands which are likely to ·va tely owned laiid ' which today have covered these particular items in some produce a revenue of $4,000,000, or in value because they can be· used in con detail. I have sent for the record of the excess of that,. during the year in which nection with supplemental land that is receipts of the Bureau of Land Manage the expenditure is to be made, is not at now administered under the Taylor Graz ment, and I think the receipts are of all out of line. ·ing Act. Without . that supplemental such striking importance that they de- . Other timber sales have "i:ncreased range those privately owned lands would serve a mention in the RECORD.· . froin $33i,OOO· in 1949 to almost $500 ooo be substantially. worthless, in many in As the Senator from Arizona has said, ill 1950, and ft is estimated· that· r;_ext stances. .the Bureau of Land Management pro year we ~hall have an increase of $600,- With respect to the item of $75,000 duces revenue for the Federal Govern 000. for for est management, the Senator from ment. Several years ago Congress I assure the Senator from Illinoi~ that Oregon has a particular and personal passe~ the so-cal.led ·Taylor Grazing Act if he had searcl1.ed for a place in which interest in that item in the bill, due to for the purpose of preventing overgraz. his argument for a reduction was less · . the fact that it represents a necessity ing and of repairing the damage which likely _to apply _than in any other plp.ce in . in western Oregon, where the revested had ,been wrought by overgrazing in the the bill, he has found it when he has railroad grant lands are situated.. The past. So that an appropriation for re tackled the Bureau of Land Management. .lands represent every other section, or seeding these lands is merely a part of Mr. DOUGLAS. I can appreciate the every odd section, for some 200 miles the program of overcoming the results Senator's argument but feel that the in north and south in western Oregon, and of overgrazing in many, many years crease of $54i,ooo over last year already in an area that will run from 20 to 40 past. allowed by the House should be suffi miles east and west. The total actual receipts of the Bu cient. I therefore hope the committee The intermingled lands are privately reau of Land Management during the• increase will be rejected. owned. A noxious weed poisonous to fiscal year 1949 amounted to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The livestock is now growing in that area. $37,149,433.89. question is on .agreeing to the committee The State and local governments, coun Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will amendment on page 235, line 22·. · ties and the like, have set up weed-con the able Senator from Wyoming ·yield The amendment was agreed to. trol districts. They are fighting to save to me? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the range in that area from this noxious Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. next committee amendment will be and poisonous weed. Wh~t they do Mr ~ DOUGLAS. I am sure the very stated. · on their lands will be of no value if able Senator from Wyoming does not The next amendment was on page 236, they do not have cooperative effort from mean to contend that it has been the line 1, after the word ''Management", the United States. Hence the appro Bureau of Land Management which is to insert a colon and the following addi priation of $75,000. producing this $37,000,000. It has been tional proviso : . In the cadastral survey item, the com the public lands that has produced it. Provided further, That of the appropria mittee was particularly interested in the The Bureau of Land Management has tions herein made , in connection with th.e necessity for early survey of the public merely been a real estate agent manag Revested · Oregon and California Railroad ·domain in certain part£ of Alaska. If I ing the property and collecting the fees. and reconveyed Coos Bay Wagon Road grant remember correctly, of the vast area of Mr. O'MAHONEY. Oh, yes, the Bu lands, expenditures may be made for weed Alaska something like 3 percent has been reau of Land Management has a great control on such lands, including those under surveyed. The greater portion of even deal to do with the production of the cooperative weed-control agreements with those parts of Alaska which . now are ·revenue by the management of the the State and counties. being settled is unsurveyed. There is leases and of the various holdings upon The amendment was agreed to. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10505 The next amendment was, :Under the The Government seeks each year to And insert in lieu th.ereof the follow subhead "Construction," on page 236, add a few miles to its access roads pro ing: line 14, after the word "expended", to gram. It loses no money by doing so, Provided, That of appropriations herein strike out "$6-00,000" and insert "$800,- for it is repaid by means of the in made for the Bureau of Land Management, 000." creased stumpage value of the timber expenditures in connection with the revested · Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, in the which is brought out, which, by the way, Oregon & California Railroad and reconveyed fiscal year 1949-50 no direct appropria Mr. President, returns an annual profit Coos Bay Wagon Road grant lands for pay-. tion was made for this purpose, but a to the United States Treasury. Further ment of current expenses· in connection with contract authorization of $200,000 was the management of such lands of a type paid more, the access roads permit of man from the separate appropriation heretofore approved. The House bill provided for agement looking toward the regrowth made in connection with such lands shall an appropriation for the coming year of of the forests, so that timber can be har be reimbursed from the 25 percent referred $600,000, of which $200,000 was for the vested again, and so that finally a com to in section c, title II, of the act approved liquidation of the prior contract author plete reproduction stand of timber will August 2s; 1937, of the special funds desig ity, leaving $400,000 in new money. The · be developed, and will be there for our nated the "Oregon and California Land Grant House appropriation therefore doubled children and their children. So it is a Fund" and section 4 of the act approved the volume of last year's operation. The sound investment and is good business. May 24, 1939, of the special fund designated Senate ups this figure by $200,000, thus the "Coos Bay Wagon Road Grant Fund": Mr. KILGORE. Mr. President, will Provided further, That no part of such ap nearly trebling last year's figures. the Senator yield for a question? propriations for such current expenses shall In view of the fact that the House Mr. CORDON. I am happy to yield. be available in excess of such reimbursements figure already doubled last year's fig Mr. KILGORE. Is it not also a fact for the current fiscal year. ure, I think the amendment should be that . the building of the access roads rejected. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. .HAYDEN . Mr. President, the ac enables the smaller, independent pro The next amendment was, under the cess roads enable the Government to se ducers of timber to bid on the Govern . subhead "Range improvements,"· on page ment stumpage; and, therefore such 238, line ll, after the word "received", to cure a higher price for its stumpage. If roads are an aid to small business? we do not build access roads into the insert "onsibilities here, the Indians, which everyone agrees should fare, and rehabilitation generally. Congress has from time to time taken be done. We restored funds for Califor In this appropriation bill, however, .steps to assist . small business through nia Indians on the same basis as funds the Senate committee has·not voted to the ext~nsion ,of loans and other serv- were allowed for Indians in other States. allow the full amount of money re ices. . The House had deleted $1,286,883 for Cal- quested for 1951 to start carrying out The terms "small' husmess" and "large ifornia Indians. · the Navajo-Hopi authorization of last business" are somewhat relative. Arbi Mr. DOUGLAS. Is· the item for the year; but the committee did increase the trarily, we may say a business is small California Indians over $1,000,000? amount above that allowed by the House if its assets do not exceed, say, $25,000. Mr. HAYDEN. Yes. of Representatives in order to meet that It is a large business, perhaps, if its h9ld Mr. DOUGLAS. Would the Senator new authorization passed by Congress ings total a million dollars. No doubt then compromise on a figure to be made last year. some would use other figures ·in making up of the amount of .the appropriation Those are the three reasons why ·the _ thi.~. CQ!IlP~J:iSQ~...... as voted by the House of Representatives increase· should be made. All those rea . In my State of Delaware, we have bus plus the amount required to care for the sons are sound and proper, and they inesses of all sizes-hundreds of them California Indians? I should be very should meet with the approval of the stretching from one end of the State to happy to agree to that, even though I the other. In the city of Wilmington, Senator from Illinois. · which some choose to call the chemical should think that the five million four Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, will the · hundred thousand already granted by Senator · yield? capital Qf the world, .there are located the House should be enough to cover .the main offices of E. I. du Pont de Ne this situation. Mr. HAYDEN. I yield. mours & Co.· This organization, which Mr. HAYDEN. There was another Mr. CHAVEZ. Not only is the policy started many years ago from a. very item which was not properly accounted sound, and not only is the item sound, modest and humble beginning on the for by the House of Representatives, in but the committee was most conserva banks of the Brandywine River, has the judgment of our committee. tive in approving the item as it appears · grown to be one of the largest chemical The Senator, as an educator, will agree in the bill as reported by the committee. companies in the Nation. Its assist with me, I am sure, that the best way I wish the Senator from Illinois would ance, incidentally, to the United states to teach the Indian children the English understand what is behind this particu Government, particularly in times of language and to become participating lar item. I am sure he would if he would emergency, has been especially notable. American citizens is to enable them to only investigate the situation and would This was clearly shown in the field of associate with other children on the study the evidence adduced before the atomic energy, The du Pont Co. played playgrounds of public schools. I am sure committee. a tremendous part in the success!ul de the Senator from Illinois will agree as If there is one item that is worthy of velopment of the atomic bomb. · Since to that, namely, that if an Indian child consideration . in connecti,on with this then, I believe, it has withdrawn from can be sent to a public school, where he particular bill, it is this item. The In endeavors along that line because of the can play on the playground with white dians can not take care of themselves fact that its work is primarily in the children, he will learn more than he will in the way that the Senator from· Illi field of chemistry. learn in any other way the lessons which nois can take care of himself. In the present emergency, I am sure will teach him to become an American. Of course, the Indian is called upon the company's facilities and its person That has been demonstrated over and to go to work, and he is drafted, and of nel stand ready at any time for a call QVer again by the failure of day schools course he can raise the flag on Iwo Jima; by the Government. on the Indian reservations and the but then we complain because he is However, Mr. President, I am not mak failure of boarding schools to bring the helped by a small amount of money. ing these brief remarks to cite the du Indian children into accord with Ameri I think that if the Senator from Illi Pont Co. 's war record or to heap praise can ideas so that they can become a part nois would investigate the situation on its many contributions to better liv of our civilization. which exists among the Indians he would ing. What I do want the Senate to know In order to meet the requirements of be as enthusiastically in favor of the about is an incident concerning the the States with respect to providing for pending amendment as is any member operations of the du Pont Co. and its th~ need in the case of Indian children of the committe~. ::relation to small-business organizations 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10507 which came to my attention within the sentative to talk over the Davis Fisheries' chemical products and they want them past week. needs, I was advised that the current now. As everyone knows, cellophane, de situation with respect to the availabil I should like to say that the cost of veloped and manufactured by du Pont, ity of cellophane was not hopeful, and cellophane has been reduced in price is one of the greatest single contribu when I asked why, the -company ex several times since its first appearance tions for the preservation and sanitary plained the situation, which I have just on the market. It is my opinion that this safekeeping of foods and dozens of other recited. does not seem to substantiate the charges commodities that has ever been de Mr. President, as I have said, I deplore of fixing prices at higher and higher veloped. Cellophane is a byword among ·the existence of monopolies of any kind levels which is usually attributed to American housewives, many of whom when their operation stifles competitive monopolies. would not think of purchasing food prod enterpri~e. But I ask the Senate if it I ask, therefore, Mr. President, why ucts, particularly, which are without its is fair to penalize the operations of this this company, or any other, should not protection. The development of cello New England company rund scores of be allowed to fulfill the desires of its po:. phane was hailed as an accomplishment others by making it so difiicult for them tential customers? of tremendous proportions when it was to buy a product which is almost essen first successfully produced. Manufac tial for the profitable operation of their GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS, 1951 turers throughout the country who make business. The Senate resumed the consideration and market scores of products leaped at It may appear that the Government of the bill epart~ent of the Interior has 1950 CON(;RESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 10509
approximately 3,000 cars 'Tinore than it ' , The next amendment ·was, under the ~For nomin~t~ons this day received, see had a few years ago, why do they not ~ubhead "General investigations,'' .on the end of Senate proceedings.) move some of the cars from Washington ·page_246, line 5, after the word "ex EXECUTIVE REPORT OF A COMMITTEE into the field? · pende~". to strike out "$5,150,000'' and 'I'he PRESIDING OfflCER. The insert_"$6,500,000", and -in line 6, after · The following favorable report of a question is on agreeing to the amend the word "which'', to strike out "$4,- nomination was submitted: ment on page 242, line 24. 400,000" and _insert "$5,791,000." By Mr. JOHNSON ·of Colorado, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- The ame·ndment was agreed to. ORDER OF BUSINESS The PRESIDING OFFICER. The merce: · clerk will state· the next amendment. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, a Maj. Gen. Philip B. Fleming, United States parliamentary inquiry. · · . · Army, retired, to be Under Secretary of · The next amendment was, -under the Commerce for Transportation. subhead "Tribal funds," on ·page 244· line The ·. PRESIDING - OFFICER. The 3, _after tl:re word "appropriated'~ to Senator will .state it. NOMINATIONS TO BOARD OF DIRECTORS strike . out "$2,430,965" and ir{sert• Mr. MAYBANK. I understood that OF EXPORT-IMPORT BANK· "$2,437,965." at 5 o'clock, by unanimous consent, the : Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, I ask that ' The· ai:nendment was ·agreed to. Senate was supposed to proceed· to the the Senate proceed to the consideration The PRESIDING . OFFICER. The consideration of the nominations to the of the nomination of Hawthorne Arey, of clerk will state the next amendment. Board .' of Directors of the Export-Im Nebraska, to be a member of the Board ~. . The next amene!men:t was, on-page 245, port Bank. of Directors of the Export-Import Bank lme 1, after the word "laws'', to strike out . The. PRE~IDING OFFICER. There _of Washington for a term of 5 years. · the· colon arid the following proviso: · was no unanimous-consent agreement. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The senior Senator from Illinois. an . Pr_ovicled, That in addition to the amount 9lerk will state the nominatfon. . appropriated lierein, tribal fmids may be 'ad nounced that he would make a motion. The legislative clerk ·read the rioiniria vanced to Indian tribes for su·ch pu;rposes as ·Mr. MAYBANK: I merely desired to tion of _Hawthorne Arey, of Nebraska, to · find out what the situation was. may be designated by the governing body" of b~ a member of the Board of Directors the particular tribe involved and approved - Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, last eve~ ·Of the Expo!t-Import Bank of Wash by the Secretary. Any tribal funds advanced ning I did advise the Senate that at 5 ington for a term of 5 years. · · under this authority spall be reported to the o'clo.ck today I would move that the Sen .Congress i_n _the annual budget for the next ate go into executiv.e session for the pur · Mr. _MORSE. Mr. President--:.. _succeed,ing_ fiscal year. · · The . PRESIDING OFFiC'.ER.' The pose of- the consideration of the Export Senator from.Oregon is recognized. The And-in line 8; after the amendment Impoi:t Bank nominations ... · _question before the S_enate is; Will tlie -just above stated, to insert a colon and I dislike .very much to.disrupt-the con _Senate advise and consent to this ·nomi- the following pi;oviso: sideration of the pending bill, which nation? · . · 1:1e - Provided; That no part ·of-this appropria -seems to moving along very well. But Mr. ¥0RSE. Mr. Presid.ent, I rise· to tion shall-be used for t~e acquisition of land these . nominations· are exceedingly im portant. The members of the Board of oppose the nomination. . or water rights within the States cif Nevada~ Mr: LANGE~. Mr. President, ·will the · OregQn, and Washington, .either inside or Directors of the ·Bank are serving with outside _the boundaries of existing Indian out salary, and not much ·business is Senator yield that I may suggest tne·ab reservations. · being done .by the bank or can be done - sence of a quorum? · I ·had an under standing with the minority 'leader. that . Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, I offer an until ·these nominations are confirmed. I would call for a quorum when these _amendment. to the committee amend.:. Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will nominations were taken up. ment. On page 245, line 10, I move the the Senator yield? . Mr. LUCAS. I yield to the Senator Mr; MORSE. If the Senator makes following amendment: the -request in behalf of the minority After the word "Oregon", strike out from South.Carolina. Mr. MAYBANK. I have no desire to leader, I yield. · the word "and"; after the word "Wash Mr. LANGER. I suggest the absence ington", insert the words "and Wyo disrupt the consideration of the Interior of a quorum. · · · ming" and a comma. - If the · distin Department chapter of .the. appropria tion bill, but I wondered. if. the Senator The - PRESIDING OFFICER.' The guished chairman of the committee will clerk will call the roll. · accept my amendment, I shall not dis- from I.llinoisintended to bring the nom inations up after, that.chapter.of the bill Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President ·cuss it. - · The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. HAYDEN. I shall be very glad to had been completed. . ' Mr. LUCAS. If I could .hav.e some ahsence of a quorum has been suggested. accept it. as_surance that it would not take too Mr. MAGNUSON. I wonder if the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The long, perhaps that cba_pter_could. be .com: Senator from North Dakota will with question is on agreeing to the amend pleted. I hope we may get through with liold his suggestion until I ·may ask a ment offered by ·the Senator from Wfo question. · ming to the committee amendment. the nominations in a couple of hours. Mr. MAYBANK. I merely desire to ._The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does The amendment was agreed to. the Senator from North Dakota with Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, several ascertain what the situation is. I want the Senator from Illinois and the Sena hold the suggestion? years ago a similar provision was in Mr. MAGNUSON. Just for a mo serted in an appropriation bill. It pro tor from Arizona distinctly to _under stand that I do not intend to hold up ment. Is it the intention that we pro vided for the acquisition of land. I ceed with the Interior Department ap recall that it involved Arizona New the pending bill, but I have a few re marks to make about the directors of the propriations when we are through with Mexico; and some other States. ' Does the executive calendar, .or do.es the ma this amendment refer to that particular bank, against .whom no one appeared in the committee. jority leader intend to move a recess? . subject? · · · The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. HAYDEN. If the Senator will EXECUTIVE SESSION Senator from Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN] in ·look at page 241, he will find the provi Mr . . LUCAS. Mr. President, I move charge of the bill, has,stepped out of the sion which relates to the acquisition of that the Senate proceed to the ·considera-_ Chamber. land outside of reservations in Arizona tion of executive business. Mr. .MAGNUSON. I think we can :fin California, New Mexico, and other States'. The motion was agr~ed. to, _and -the This provision relates to the acquisition ish with the Interior Department section Senate proceeded to tne .consideration ·of the bill in an hour. of land within reservations. · of executive business. · ·The PRESIDING OFFICER. The · Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, it is spec question is on agreeing to the commit EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED ulative as to how long it will take to tee amendment, as amended. The PRESIDING OF!FICER 01010462. challenge the consecration of our noblest The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Robert M. Lorenz, 01102361. manhood and womanhood. the request of the gentleman from New Roy W. Lundquist, 01824051. We pray that Thoµ wilt mediate unto York? Donald L. Lynes, 01639330. us, through Thy spirit, that divine wis There was no objection. John E. Maier, 01577514. dom and power which will enable us to Robert J. Maier, 0460662. · Mr. HELLER. Mr. Speaker, I recently John G. Mantalas, 0202017.5. see our duties and responsibilities more had occasion to discuss with a friend of William Maughn, Jr., 01176720. clearly, understand and interpret them mine, Dr. Alexander Kaye, of New York William F. McCormick, Jr., 01651946. more wisely, and perform them more City, a prominent surgeon, the problem Eugene B. McCoy, 0472925. faithfully and courageously. of the shortage of doctors which exists Richard G. Mcswain, 01031903. We are daily praying that Thy special in the country as a whole. In the course J~hn W. Meek, Jr., 01548256. blessing may rest upon our President, our of our very interesting talk he called to Frank A. Merigold, 0411346. Speaker, and all the leaders and Mem· Francis S. Obradovich, 01113080. my attention an article which appeared Frank S. Plummer, Jr., 01330961. bers of this legislative body. Grant un· in the May 1950 issue of Medical Eco Charles E. Pritchard, 0448049. to them that spiritual guidance which nomics which proposed a Federal school Jacob A. Randolph, Jr., 01948998. transcends the fallibility of all human for physicians; that is, a West Point of Thompson L. Raney, 01030291. wi.Sdom and that strength which never medicine, providing full training at no Gerald W. Recktenwald, 0972755. fails or grows weary in well-doing. expense to carefully selected medical Tom Reid, 0428932. Hasten the time when sentiments and candidates to produce M. D.'s for Govern Perry R. Rice. thoughts of good will-shall permeate the ment service. I thought so well of this Edwin T. Rios, 0451721. Howard F. Robinson, 01540936. mind of man and the righteowmess of idea that I have thi.s day introduced a James E. Rose, 02206817. Ood shall flow everywhere as a mighty bill to create a medical academy, I wish Harold Rounds. stream lifting the nations of the earth to call this bill to the attention and con Harold W. Runft, 01642532. into the loftier altitudes of peace. sideration of my colleagues. James W. Ryan, 01339823. In Christ's name we , pray. Amen. Its purpose is to bring increased num Eugene G. Sabota, 0444936. bers of physicians and dentists into Gov Craig C. Scott. 01309418. The.Journal of the proceedings of yes~ terday was read and approved. ernment service, both in military and Dwain L. Scott, 01540939. civilian capacities, thus gradually elim John A. Seddon, 0445549. ADDITIONAL EMERGENCY MILITARY Orville D. Severson, 01311822. inating the shortage of doctors which Robert J. Sharpless, 02205150. APPROPRIATIONS exists ·in the Federal Government, and Fred C. Sheffey. Mr. MAHON. Mr. ·Speaker, I ask perhaps partially remedying the situation Earl S. Sleeper, 0411077. unanimous consent to address the House in the country. ,
