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VOL. IX, No. 7 WASHINGTON, D. C. |ULY, 1932 Service Honors Mr. Carr A BANQUET was tendered Assistant Secre¬ relations were an inspiration to so many men in tary of State Carr in celebration of the the Department and in the field. fortieth anniversary of his affiliation with Chief Justice Hughes, who was in a very jovial the Department of State by the American Foreign mood, said how glad he was of the opportunity Service Association on May 31, at the New to join old friends and associates and share in the Willard Hotel. Over a hundred persons were tribute to Mr. Carr. First and foremost, Mr. present on this occasion, including the Hon. Carr represents experience, and experience is the Charles E. Hughes, Chief Justice of the United vital thing in the conduct of foreign relations. Statesjrthe Hon. Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of “ Those things that are not in books, those many State, and high officials of the Department and the important items of information that cannot be Foreign Service. -«r found in libraries by the most diligent student; Mr. George S. Messersmith, American Consu' the atmosphere in which one lives in a constant General at , and Vice President of the pursuit of friendly relations with persons repre¬ Association, acted as toastmaster at the banquet senting and in contact with their governments—- and fittingly expressed the honor felt by his fel¬ all this provides an experience which is absolutely low members of the Association in having this essential to the proper conduct of our foreign opportunity to manifest their appreciation and re¬ relations. That experience demands continuity, gard for Mr. Carr who has been so intimately and our friend tonight represents a wealth of ex¬ associated with this organization and to whose perience and continuity of effort almost un¬ efforts is greatly due the high degree of efficiency paralleled in the history of our Department.” which now characterizes the work and personnel “The well equipped public servant,” as Mr. of the Department and its foreign representation. Hughes styled Mr. Carr, “is the man most in de¬ The Department of State, the speaker said, is a mand in the United States.” Experience, how¬ Department of fine traditions which pass from ever, must be coupled with industry, and Mr. Administration to Administration, from Secretary Hughes said that, from his observation, Mr. to Secretary, from officer to officer. And not the Carr set “about as high a standard for continu¬ least of these traditions is that of singular devo¬ ous devotion and conscientious service as would tion to duty and public service, which is exempli¬ be possible. There were never any recognized fied in so marked a degree by the guest of honor. hours in his service; there was no time limit.” In introducing the Chief Justice, Mr. Messer¬ In his travels in foreign lands, Mr. Hughes smith said that members of the Foreign Service, said, he had met representatives of our Govern¬ and all those interested in the conduct of our for¬ ment, and had found a great deal of industrious eign relations, appreciate the splendid things Mr. work; in fact he had frequently commented Hughes did as Secretary of State. He not only upon the high standards of our Foreign Service. carried on a tradition, but created a new one. He He added, however, that he was inclined to think emphasized the need for men who had the dis¬ that some, when assigned to duty in the Depart¬ crimination and judgment to determine facts and ment, have a fresh revelation of what is expected to transmit them to the Department without color from them on the part of the Government; they or prejudice. His statements while Secretary of find that there are absolutely no limitations so State with regard to the conduct of our foreign far as hours are concerned, and no extra pay for 253 A cash and carry market in the heart of Greece. In the Tripolis ba¬ zaar, old styles and new meet without em¬ barrassment

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Gilbert Grosvenor. l.itt.D., 1.1..D., Editor some instances more important than that which efforts of Representative John Jacob Rogers, of fell to my lot. But the stars in the cast have been . This was no partisan measure. men whose names are best known to history for The members of both parties in Congress joined their association with events of much greater im¬ in a patriotic effort to place the foreign service of portance than the foreign service organization. this country upon a sound foundation, to consoli¬ And for this very reason, and especially at this date the two branches of the service into one in time, I think it important that the members of the order that there should be the greatest possible Foreign Service should have in mind the way in economy of operation, the most advantageous use which the foundation of that service has been built of personnel, and the greatest unity of effort, and up and the kind of men who have built it. How also that officers who had given their best efforts few remember that the first in our time to under¬ to the Government over a long period of years take by examination to test the fitness of men for should eventually be retired with modest annui¬ appointment as consuls of certain classes was ties. President Cleveland acting upon the recommenda¬ Another interval, a period of adjustment, after tion of his able Secretary of State, Richard Olney, so radical a piece of legislation, and then through in 1895. Interestingly enough, I happened to be the initiative of Senator Moses, a Republican Sen¬ the secretary of that first Board of Examiners, ator from New Hampshire, and Representative and I remember only too well the serious manner Linthicum, a Democratic member of the House of in which the examinations were conducted. Among Representatives from Maryland, and upon the ad¬ those who from that time on demanded that at vice and with the cooperation of the present Secre¬ least the appointments of all consuls be taken out tary of State, Colonel Stimson, there came into of politics were our foremost business men, law¬ existence the present excellent law known as the yers and public spirited citizens and their desires Moses-Linthicum Act, another non-partisan meas¬ were in part expressed in legislation through the ure, embodying the same principles as those in the efforts of the then Secretary of State, Elihu Root, Rogers Act but in more comprehensive manner Senator Lodge and Representative Robert Adams. with the addition of many new provisions which And then came the crowning event at that time— seven years’ experience with the Rogers Act had the signature by President Roosevelt in 1906 of shown to be desirable. the order drafted by Secretary Root applying civil It is men such as these I have mentioned, two service principles to the selection of all consular of whom we fortunately have with us tonight, to appointees. whose wisdom and determination and great influ¬ From that time on politicians came to have less ence we owe our present efficient and non-partisan and less to do with the appointment of consuls, foreign service organization. It is to them our one by one the manifestly unfit but politically gratitude is due. strongly supported candidates became discouraged The development of what we call the Foreign and ceased to appear for the examinations, and Service of the United States represents, therefore, the selection for proved fitness displaced the long 37 consecutive years of effort on the part of the standing practice of appointing consuls on the Executive and Congress. And why? It is fair basis of their political service at home. to ask that question at this time when there seems In 1909 like rules were applied by President to be a disposition in some quarters to hold up to Taft and Secretary Knox to the selection of secre¬ reproach and attack, without inquiring into the taries in the Diplomatic Service. facts, any branch of the Government that has Then those who had fought so hard for the crea¬ grown. A foreign service does not grow merely tion of a foreign service and thought they had as the result of individual ambition or desire. It won were on the verge of having their hopes shat¬ expands, like any other service, in proportion to tered by the declared intention of some of the the demands made upon it. The reasons for the Democratic leaders of 1913 to return to the old enlargement of our own service are to be found system of appointments. But after a time Presi¬ in the growth of our country and its industries dent Wilson not only prevented any retrogression, and enterprises, and in the colossal world changes but his party actually adopted legislation in 1915 that have taken place in the past 40 years. How further strengthening the principles upon which many of us stop to think of what they are! New the service had been organized. states have come into existence, others have After another interval came the enactment of changed their form of government, others have the Rogers Act, the success of which was due to grown in importance. Norway, Sweden, Finland, the then Secretary of State and now Chief Jus¬ Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Esthonia, Czechoslo¬ tice, Charles Evans Hughes, and the persistent vakia, Hungary, Albania, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Irak, 255 *pIE^MERICANpOREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL overtime. It had beey a source of admiration honor, or “the hero of the evening” as he styled to him to note the sense of loyalty to the Service him, spoke with deep feeling of what Mr. Carr that pervades each man in it to keep up the had accomplished for the Foreign Service and esprit de corps, and it was no mere compliment uttered the wish that the story of Mr. Carr’s work- for him to say that he knew of no more loyal might be told anew so that the younger men in man in the Department than Mr. Carr. He said the Service might realize through what pains we further that he thought that there is “nothing have arrived at our present organization. In an in our whole Government more worthwhile than eloquent closing Mr. Messersmith said that the work of the Foreign Service with its require¬ "among the men in the Service, Mr. Carr is loved ments of ability, loyalty and technical knowl¬ and respected for what he is and for what he has edge of the policy of the Government of the eh me.” United States and its foreign relations to bring The guest of honor then arose, and after re¬ out in a man all there is in him.” ceiving an outburst of applause, spoke as follows: After saying how this interesting subject of I am deeply touched by this occasion and by building up our Foreign Service, inspiring its members and making them realize that they what has been said here. You are all more than have careers that arc worthwhile, was one on generous. It seems to me that the greatest wish which he could expand indefinitely, he added : 1 could have would lie to lie able to feel myself “Perhaps the highest demand of all is intelli¬ worthv of the great honor you have conferred gence. What is it worth to have a man slave upon me. and give his utmost in time and strength; what Fortv years is a long time in the life of any one is it worth to have him ready to give his life to and ought naturally to bring many interesting ex¬ his country, if he lias not intelligence to know periences. But 40 years in the Department of how to meet effectively demands that come up State of this great nation is a never to be forgot¬ suddenly, if he has not the acumen and wisdom ten experience, a privilege to inspire one’s ever¬ which schools can not supply but which come lasting gratitude, an opportunity to call forth the by virtue of long discipline, by observation of whole strength of one’s being in service. many different situations, by contact with men In that time we have had 9 Presidents and 16 of ability and training so that there is gradually Secretaries of State. It seems but yesterday that produced what for want of a better name, we Secretary Blaine resigned, two days after I took call intelligence. Intelligence is the absolute the oath of office. One is tempted to describe the necessity of democratic government in these inner life of the Department during that period, days, and intelligence exercised in the conduct the methods of work of the eminent men who have of the foreign relations of the 'United States is directed our foreign relations, the development of most in demand.” policies; but that would soon lead one into discus¬ In a few, well chosen words Mr. Messersmith sions inappropriate to this occasion. then said how grateful they were to the Secre¬ Then there are many associates of whom one tary of State for coming to join them in doing might speak men and women too who have toiled honor to Mr. Carr. through the years, early and late, with hardly a Mr. Stimson, in a brief address, stated how he thought of self, giving to their Government all shared most fully with the Chief Justice his ap thev possessed of loyalty and ability and devoted praisal of the comparative importance of the service, hut the ties of affection are too sacred and functions performed by the Foreign Service, and the memories too tender for me to speak on that the comparative importance of the functions per subject. formed by the Secretary of State. He was There is one branch of the work, however, therefore delighted to express his appreciation about which I would like to say a word and that of the man who is so preeminently responsible is the development of the foreign service organi¬ for the tone of the Foreign Service. Mr. Stim zation, a subject which is of especial interest to son then laid emphasis on Mr. Carr’s single- the memliers of this Association. I hesitate to mindedness of character and his loyalty to his differ with the Secretary of State and still less service and to his colleagues. He also stressed with the Chief Justice, but nevertheless I must not only Mr. Carr’s intelligence but his wisdom insist that my own part in that development has which has been manifested in the many prob¬ been that of a minor actor in a very large drama, lems which arise in his dealings with men in a in fact largely a medium through which the accu¬ great service, and finally on his kindliness of char¬ mulated experience and aspirations of the men in acter. the Service might find expression. There are Mr. Messersmith in introducing the guest of others who played parts quite as important and in 254 Wales, Richard W. Flournoy, Jr., Charles Lee with pantalettes was particularly striking. The Cooke, and Stanley Hornbeck. Telegrams of pur¬ final scene, “Not for Attribution, or The Dummy chases of tickets rolled in, entirely removing “the Speaks,” was cleverly acted by Frederic A. Fisher bump where the depression used to be’’; and the (Le.), as the ventriloquist’s dummy; and in drawing was held, with amusing results, comically collaboration with Ernest A. Gross, the Ventrilo¬ announced. The first prize was awarded to Miss quist, they elicited peals of laughter from the Margaret Hanna, the second to Dinah Mombosa audience. Tiff, Princess of Ethiopia, and the third and After the performance, refreshments were fourth to Mabel Walker Willebrandt and the served in the Patio, and dancing was enjoyed in Geisha Girls Club of Yokohama, respectively. the ballroom to a late hour. Miss Twiphle, a stenographer, played by Miss Julia M. Bland (H. A.), with delightful non¬ chalance, very ably supported Air. Byington and BALLAD OF THE PERSIAN SOLDIER Mr. Lyon in keeping the audience highly amused. The next was a musical number, “Carr Crystals By MARIQUITA VILLARD the Future, or Ballyhooing Boston’s Bundy,” the lyrics being composed by John Carter. G. Victor The casual Persian soldier squats Lindholm (F. A.), as Mr. Carr, entered, accom¬ In the parched and powdery lane of white panied by Air. Bundy, portrayed by Edward C. Where a poplar casts the faint mauve shade Wynne (H. A.), attired in juvenile costume. The Of leaves still young and clinging tight. sight of Air. Wynne, with long flaxen curls, and in pants and bare legs culminating in white The small unlimpid gutter stream socks and buckle shoes, was indescribably funny. From mountain snowdrifts near the sky The duet that followed was excellently rendered Can yet refresh his burning feet and drew much applause. The verses were very With sluggish ripples ankle-high. clever, but all that can be given here is the last verse, which was given as an encore; it ran as And as he plunges both feet in follows: It is of no concern or care That one should be shod in a woven shoe “Oh, Air. Bundy, Ah, Air. Bundy, And the other shoeless one go bare. As you know, I’ve served this Government quite long. This is his furlough, and timely spring Tell me frankly, man of Yale, Has burst like a flame through the ashen land, Do you think I’m going stale, And nothing can keep him from sounding the flute Like the verses of this utterly interminable song? He has whittled of wood with a dogged hand.

“Oh, Air. Carr, Why, Air. Carr, Fie knows an air, but knows it wrong; Your work has won you fame both He pipes, he pipes from dawn till noon near and far. The self-same maddening would-be tune, So I’ll propose three cheers, A spilling, swift and sharp and shrill For the man of forty years. Of notes like straying waifs of song, Past service, Air. Bundy ? For none is sister to another, Future service, Air. Carr.” Nor father, mother, child nor brother. The third Skit was the most elaborate, with a But flautist can not get his fill. large caste, all of whom deserve high credit. The As if the stars of advancing night authors were Frederic A. Fisher and Ernest A. Increased their sheen but to prolong Gross. The scene was laid on board the Ship of The torment which is his delight, State Static, bound for Geneva. The Captain was It lasts, it lasts, it lasts too long. played by Frederic A. Fisher (Le.). A dance in L’Envoi the third scene entitled “The Wooing of Uncle Sam,” gave the ladies representing five European Let woman pause, policeman grumble, nations an opportunity to show some charming Dust-storm blow and tower tumble, costumes and do some very graceful dancing, Aliss Bandit hang and mosque-dome crumble, Constance M. Supplee (S. S.), representing “In¬ Djinni rise or earthquake rumble— ternational Peace,” proving herself a very accom¬ I defy you to entice plished danseuse, and her picturesque costume The Persian soldier from his vice! 257 _ rpHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gEKVICE JOURNAL

the I ledjaz, Panama. Canada, the Irish I Tie State, his problems the highest type of professional skill the South African Union, Ethiopia- all these and to his mode of life the finest standards of have Itecome separate entities and entered into di¬ American conduct. rect diplomatic relations w.tli the United States I he future of the service, I am persuaded, will during the period u tder discussion. Twenty new IK' what the mcmliers of this organization make cnilmssics and legations have been established dur¬ it. I he more complex our foreign relations be¬ ing that |>cricxl. We have s en many international come, the more natural it should he to have re¬ conflicts which have altered the map of the world, course to the men who have made foreign affairs such as the Sino-Japanese W ar, the Spanish - their life work for assistance in reaching solu¬ American War, the South African War, the tions. I he more those men succeed in meeting World War. and the countless revolutions and po¬ the requirements, the more secure your service litical upheavals which have demanded of this (Jov will IK*, and the more certain will the officers he eminent the most ceaseless activity for the pro of reaching the highest places in it. All of this tection of its own interests and making such means unceasing toil, mastery of the technique of contribution as could lie made to the |icace and well your profession abroad, knowledge of men, and lieing of the rest of the world. unswerving loyalty to whoever may he in the (fur commerce has penetrated every country, White House and at the head of the Department growing from two billions of dollars in IS'U to of State regardles, of the political party to which over seven and one-half billions in 1930. < >nr they may belong. national wealth incrca ed from 65 billions of dol¬ Again I tha.ik you for your generous thought lars in 1892 to over 329 billions in 1930. The of me. entry and clearance of ships at our ports rose from 39Yt millions to 162)4 millions of tons in 1930. STATE DEPARTMENT CLUB while our investments abroad increased from less than half a billion of dollars in 1X"2 to over 15 The annual spring play of the Department of billions of dollars in 1 ‘*30. State (. lub was held in the auditorium of the I am aware that the figures have drop|>ed greatK United States (. handier of Commerce on the eve¬ during the past two years, but I have sufficient ning of June 2. 1932. The attendance was very- faith to lielicve that only temporary, large and representative, and as usual the Secre¬ < fur |K‘oplc travel and acquire interests and re tary of State and Mrs. Stim-on were present as quire the protection of the United States in prac¬ well as a numlier of distinguished guests. tically every quarter of the glolxr. I'he programme opened with Skit No. 1. en¬ I-ooking ahead in the light of the experience of titled “Faites vos Jeux." by Pierre DeL. Boal. the past 40 years I can not escape the conviction The scene was the office of the Secretary of State, that we are entering upon a period in which we and the time (which was of the essence), was shall need a stronger Department of State and ,a " I lie Depression." Mike, a guard (Cecil B. Lyon, stronger foreign service than that which we now !■’. S S.) was discovered after office hours tele¬ have, proliably stronger in numlier and certainly phoning. as he fondly imagined to his sweetheart, stronger in knowledge, training and general ability, but he almost collapsed when he learned his en¬ I he problems to lie solved are now far more dearments were addressed to the President. Mr. numerous and complicated than ever Indore, and Redwood Evergreen Twig. F. S. (). Unclassified their increasing complexity coupled with the need (Homer M. Byington. Jr., V. I).), then appeared for quick decisions arising out of our improved and informed the President that he was in charge and steadily improving means of communication, (the Secretary being absent shooting golden seem to me to make for heavier responsibilities peasants on Long Island, and Mr. Castle and all for the future officer of the Department of State the Assistant Secretaries living likewise away on and the horeign Service. The diplomat who was similar important missions) and that the Presi¬ associated with the easygoing days of spats and dent could safely leave for the Rapidan as he teacups has long since passed and will not return (Twig) could and would attend to curing the de¬ again. I he American consul will never again he pression. 11 is ‘Britannic Majesty's Ambassador, truthfully pictured sleeping under the proverbial Sir Bovril l.ionseed (Jefferson Patterson, D. P.), palm tree with his bottle beside him. Kveti more then came to call And in course of conversation an than at present, the American Foreign Service agreement was reached that a huge sweepstake on officer of the future will 1>e the man of activity, the lines of the (hand National should he held, the man of business, exemplifying the best in the prizes being the hand in marriage of certain American education and culture, and applying to world-wide celebrities, namely, the Prince of 256 rJtHE^MERICAN p OREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

seldom live in their castles. Still, I have thought inheriting also immense estates with which to it worth while to drive to Teba, 80 kilometers support his numerous noble titles. from Malaga, and to photograph the castle which After this radical change in the family status apparently was more of a fort than a palace and the Teba-Montijos went to Paris and placed in is now a ruin, sitting on the top of a high hill in the Convent of the Sacred Heart in that city the midst of a great and verdant valley which their two tiny daughters, Francisca de Sales and constituted the patrimony of the Tebas. Eugenia Maria. The countess established in Consul Kirkpatrick was “separated from the Paris a social-political salon with Carlist and service” a year after his daughter’s wedding and Bonapartist tendencies (Louis Philippe was then was succeeded by George Barrel, who complained king of France) which soon became a center of in a dispatch to the Honorable Secretary of State, the wealth, wit and beauty of “La Ville Lumiere.” , that Kirkpatrick refused to The count was compelled, by his important turn over the records, presumably because of an affairs, to return to Spain, but the Countess con¬ erroneous idea that Barrel tinued to shine in Paris so¬ had been responsible for his ciety, getting her husband into removal. Ultimately Kirkpat¬ new political trouble by her rick gave up the archives, Carlist connections. minus a “Book of Outward In 1839 the count died in Manifests,” one of “Official Madrid in his Palace de Ariza, Correspondence,” and one of on the Plaza del Angel, the “Official Letters,” which are site of which is now occupied still missing, as I discovered by the Victoria Hotel, and the in checking up for the new Countess, who had come from card inventory. Paris to share his last mo¬ Either Kirkpatrick’s wealth ments, remained in his famous had been overestimated or he house with her two daughters, lost some of it coincidentally now goodsized girls, whom, with the loss of the consulate, after the long period of for the newly-weds seem to prescribed mourning, she have found their first years of “launched” with the most bril¬ married life rather hard sled¬ liant ball ever given in Madrid. ding. Their troubles were From that date Maria Man- due, however, in large part to uela Kirkpatrick was the re¬ the Conde’s political past. gent of Spanish high society, When the Duke of Welling¬ unrivalled even by the Queen ton drives Joseph I out of the Isabel II, and her rule was peninsula Teba accompanied completely cemented by an¬ the expelled monarch to Paris. other big party on February „ % ’ 1 Subsequently he obtained, 16, 1844, to celebrate the mar¬ through his influential brother riage of her older daughter, the Conde del Montijo, the EUGENIA MARIA Francisca de Sales, with Don pardon of Fernando VII and Empress of the French Jacobo Luis Stuart Fitz-James* permission to return to Spain; v Ventimiglia, Eighth Duke of but those were wicked times and Fernando VII Berwick and Fifteenth Duke of Alba, direct was not a consistent king, and every now and then descendant of King James II of England and of some enemy would renew the charge of the Conde the great Duke of Alba who dragooned the Dutch de Teba’s connection with the Bonapartes and he in the reign of Felipe II. The “padrino” at thd would be hauled off to the hoosegow. Altogether wedding was the Duke of Osuna, represented by he spent several years in the Granada jail as a the Duke of Medinaceli, the premier peer of political prisoner, during which his young wife Spain, and the union was blessed by the Patriarch. had to carry on under difficulties, which were This wedding would seem to have been enough ended forever in 1834 by the death of Teba’s glory for the most ambitious daughter of an elder brother, Eugenio Eulalio. American consul, but Maria Manuela Kirkpatrick By this event Don Cipriano became Conde del was to soar higher still, marrying her other Montijo, Duque de Penaranda del Duero, Conde daughter Eugenia to Napoleon III, nephew of de Banos y de Miraflores de Castanar, Conde de Napoleon I and Joseph I, devotion to whom the Ablitas y de Mora, Marques de Ardales, etc., Conde de Teba had paid for in prison. 259 An Imperial Consul

/»v AUGUSTIN FERRIN, Consul, Malaga

Til 11.1. Malaga cannot Uiast anything like Jaime the Conquerer of Aragon, Saint Louis of ' the Sprague dynasty at Gibraltar, whose France and Alfonso the Wise of Castille. “But consular centennial 1 had the pleasure of what was all that." asks the daughter’s biographer, helping to celebrate April 30. 1932. it has enjoyed “to \\ illiam Kirkpatrick, who traced his descent a different and probably unique distinction, a con¬ from nobody less than Fien-MacCool, the Irish sul who was grandfather of an empress. hero of God knows when, the Fingal of Mac- How this happened is delightfully related in a pherson.” biography, recently published in Madrid, of Maria At length the Conde del Montijo ceded to his Manuela Kirkpatrick, Condesa del Montijo, younger brother’s petitions and King Fernando daughter of William Kirkpatrick, American Con¬ VII. whose consent was necessary, said “Good. sul in Malaga 1800-1818, W e will let this lad marry and mother of Eugenia the great-granddaughter of Maria, Empress of the Fingal.” French, 1853-1870. Consequently in Malaga, Near the end of 1817 or December 15, 1817, the the lieginning of 1818, say- marriage was celebrated of the Condesa's biographer, Cipriano Palafox, Conde de the Conde de Telia, only Telia, and Maria Manuela brother of Eugenio Eulalio Kirkpatrick, described by 1’alafox, Conde del Mon* George Ticknor. Harvard tojo. Grandee of Spain, and professor, author and globe¬ Captain General of the trotter, who met her in Coast and the Kingdom of Malaga soon after her mar¬ Granada, liegan to court riage as “young and beau¬ Mariquita Kirkpatrick, one tiful. ]>ossessing an extra¬ of the daughters of the ordinary talent, uniting in aforesaid Consul who “had the most bewitching man¬ been about four lustres in ner the grace and frankness the charge, was an Irish¬ of Andalucia with French man of Scotch race, very ease of manner and a fin¬ clever, industrious and of ished English education. such an odor of riches that She knows perfectly five when he gave his daughter languages and is versed in in marriage it was said of their literature. She sings, her that she was ‘rich by paints, dances marvellously millions and beautiful as the national dances. Her the day.' He was married conversation is brilliant, to Francisca Grevigne v MARIK MAN UK I. A KIRKPATRICK original. But in all she is Gallegos, daughter of a Condesa ilel Montijo a true Spaniard, as Spanish Helgian and a Malagueua. in her sentiments as in her And he had an honorable reputation.” intelligence and her culture." There was double opposition to the match, the So one may conclude that the count of Teba was old-time aristocracy of Malaga calling it a to be congratulated, especially as he was no mesalliance for a count to marry a consul’s Adonis, having lost an eye and acquired a lame daughter, while the merchants accused the Consul leg in the military service of the Spanish Bour- of trying to acquire class at the expense of cash. IKHIS before following the fortunes of Joseph I, The former held up their hands in sanctified the short-reigned “intrusive" Bonaparte of Spain. horror at the prospect of a commercial connection The happy couple passed their honeymoon with a family related to the Palafoxes, Portocarre- travelling and in Madrid, whence they returned ros, Guzmans and Lunas, tracing its ancestry to to Malaga, not to Telia, for Spanish counts 258 The Flying Donkey

By COERT DU Bois, American Consul General, Naples THERE is an Italian proverb which is used had a lovely disposition and he was very fond of to counter a particularly thick story and it. The Italians then agreed to buy it of him and says : “Ho visto volare gli asini,” and, freely offered him 500 lire—a munificent sum. But no, translated, means, “Oh yeah? And I've seen the Arab said, money was no object. He loved donkeys flying.” It has gone out of vogue in his donkey and he wasn’t going to sell him or Tripolitania and here’s the reason: leave him. Late in 1929 the Arab rebels concentrated in So they said all right, they would take the the Fezzan—a hill and wady country in the west¬ donkey along. They dismounted a machine gun ern Libyan desert—and started a good sample of from the forward cockpit of a Caprone and stowed guerilla warfare against the Italian colonists to it in the fuselage, and three or four of them the north. It became necessary to do something, hoisted the donkey in and, after some difficulty, and a punitive expedition was organized against got him sat down on the machine gunner’s seat them, consisting of a combat column of mehari with his front hoofs on the cockpit rail. They (trotting camel) cavalry, a supply column of bag¬ took off, and while the donkey’s ears blew out gage camels, and a squadron of Caprone bombing pretty straight behind, he seemed to enjoy it. planes. The planes arrived at the desert base of the Three of these planes were attempting to join squadron, whose personnel was rather surprised the airplane base in the desert north of the to see the new machine gunner. He was unlim¬ Fezzan and became hopelessly lost. Flying very bered and made much of by officers and men. low to pick up a caravan track if possible, the The Arab and donkey stayed in the camp some pilots finally saw a tiny spot which, when they days, when the Arab came to the commanding circled it, turned out to be an Arab on a donkey. officer and said he had observed that the Italian They landed and surrounded him, three huge soldiers appeared to love his donkey as much r bombers, and asked him in excited Italian if he he did, and they were so situated that they could knew where the airplane base camp was. The take better care of him and give him more to eat poor terrified native spoke nothing but Arabic and than he could, and he had thought it over and was convinced his last hour had come. believing that the donkey would be better off and In the midst of the rukus a very dirty infantry live a happier life, he had decided to give the lieutenant crawled out of the bowels of one of donkey to the squadron. the bombers, stepped up to the air force major He was accepted with due ceremony and loaded in command, saluted, and said: into his old seat and taken up for a spin to cele¬ brate his joining the army. Afterward, whenever “Lieutenant Carfarelli, sir, Fourteenth Infantry a plane from this unit had to make a trip to some Battalion, reporting for duty as interpreter. I other outfit in Tripolitania or Cirenaica, the speak Arabic, sir.” donkey was taken along. Other aviation units, It seems the lieutenant, being in the infantry seeing the prestige gained by this bombing squad¬ and therefore having no chance of getting in the ron, borrowed the donkey from time to time until Fezzan show, stowed away in one of the bombers he has dropped in on nearly every landing field when they left Tripoli. in Italian North Africa. The Arab knew where the aviation base was If you happen in on an Italian Air Force camp and gave the line and approximate distance, but in Tripolitania and a plane arrives and solemnly the Italians said this wasn’t good enough. He discharges a small bay donkey, don’t be sur¬ couldn’t be left behind to give information of their prised—donkeys do fly in Africa. strength and movements to a possible enemy, and they would have to take him along. The Arab said he would like to go, but how about his A teacher asked her class the difference between donkey? The Italians said they would, unfortu¬ nately, have to shoot the donkey. The Arab pro¬ “results” and “consequences.” A bright girl re¬ tested vigorously and maintained that, though a plied, “Results are what you expect, and conse¬ small donkey, it was a particularly fine one and quences are what you get.” 261 Both Francisca and Eugenia del Montijo had kn own I’aris not only as schoolgirls but later as guests of their mother’s aunt, Catalina, wife of Mateo de Cesseps, and mother of Ferdinand de Lesseps, the canal builder, and their own aunt, the l ountess of Cabarrus. When Eugenia re¬ turned to I’aris as sister of the Duquesa de Alba her social success was swift and sure. She is sup¬ posed to have rejected dozens of dukes, niarqueses and counts when the Emperor fell at her feet and offered her half of his new throne. 1 he snippy senators, the snobbish ministers, "everybody." according to the author of the quoted biography, opix>sed the imperial marriage, as the Malaga aristocracy had that of the Conde de Teba and Maria Manucla, wishing Napoleon to select a bride of royal blood; but the Emparor knew what he wanted, and he was the Emperor. So. on January JD. 1853, the granddaughter of old William Kirkpatrick. American Consul in Malaga, drove to the Tuillieres and “that night. Itefore the law. and the next morning Itefore the altar" be¬ came Her Imperial Majesty Eugenia Maria, Photo f»|i A. If. Perrin. whose later remarkable history is one of the things which "every SCIUXIIIMIV knows,” or at least ought TEBA CASTLE, SPAIN to know.

“BESSINGES," SECRETARY ST1MSON S HEADQUARTERS AT GENEVA ironI row, left to right: Mrs. Ilngh Gibson, Mrs. Hugh Wilson. Minister Hugh Wilson, Ambassador Hugh Gibson, Miss H'oaley, Mr. Xorman Davis, Mrs. Stinison. and Secretary Stiinson 260 —si.

H OX. HENRY L. STIMSON, Secretary this privilege should be subject always to the of State, after attending the Republican power of the Federal Government to protect those Convention in Chicago as a member of states where prohibition may exist, and safeguard the New York delegation from the 1st Congres¬ our citizens everywhere from the return of the sional District of New York, flew back to Wash¬ saloon and its attendant abuses. ington on June 17. Accompanying the Secretary “It is a far-sighted provision, a wise provision, on the return trip were Postmaster General a most necessary provision.” Walter F. Brown and Mrs. Brown, Lawrence Richey, Senator Fess, and the Hon. James Garfield. The Honorable William R. Castle, Jr., Under Secretary ot State, delivered an address at the commencement exercises at Rochester University, On June 16 Secretary Stimson delivered an ad¬ Rochester, N. Y., on June 20. His message to dress in Chicago which was broadcast over the the new generation to carry forward the standard entire national link-up. In the address Mr. Stim¬ of international peace and cooperation was full of son described the Republican prohibition plank high idealism and sound statesmanlike policy. In adopted at Chicago, and said that Senator Bing¬ speaking of the revolution in the methods of deal¬ ing with foreign nations brought about by the ham’s minority proposal which called for outright increase in speed of communication, Mr. Castle repeal, was “an impatient demand to abrogate the said, “Ease ot communication is one of the guar¬ entire work of the past 13 years under the pro¬ dians of truth.” Surprise is no longer the source hibition amendment, and to confess it to be an of danger that it was. “In Washington we know entire failure.” what happens in Europe before it has happened; indeed as to the Far East, which in the 18th cen¬ Declaring that the 18th Amendment repre¬ tury was months away, we actually know on Tues¬ sented the culmination of a long effort to combat day afternoon what happened on Wednesday and remedy “very serious evils,” Mr. Stimson morning.” said: “By the act of repeal alone, we should be As showing how the speed of communication going back to those evils, accentuated by the more makes great demands on intelligence and training, complicated conditions of modern life, as well as Mr. Castle related incidents that had occurred in Washington during the proposal for a year’s by the sudden and immediate destruction of the machinery upon which we now rely.” postponement of inter-governmental debts, when immediate response had to be made to requests On the other hand, he said, the program as by telephone for instructions to our representa¬ adopted takes into account the difficulty that tives ; and in that connection Mr. Castle paid would be encountered by dry states in policing tribute to the wide extent of President Hoover’s their own territory against liquor traffic from wet knowledge and the rapidity and accuracy of his states. Modern transportation means would judgment. This was mentioned to show how to¬ accentuate that difficulty to a great degree, he day more than ever before it is essential to have said. highly trained men in responsible positions. The “These are the considerations,” he continued, spoken word is taking the place of the written “which caused the majority of the resolutions word, and the spoken word must be as free from committee of the convention to wisely insist upon ambiguity as the written word. This is a chal¬ a proposal which, while it allowed the states to lenge to modern manhood, a challenge to our deal with this problem as their citizens may deter¬ universities to turn out graduates trained to think mine, imposes at the same time the condition that not only clearly but also quickly. 263 APPROPRIATIONS It was hoped that this issue might contain some definite information as to the appropriations for FOREIGN S JOURNAL 1933, hut at this time (June 23) the hill has not yet been passed. The President’s compulsory Vol.v IX L JILY. 1932 . v.-U furlough plan has lieen passed by the House of Representatives, and is pending in the Senate; PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN as at present worded, employes receiving $1,000 SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. or le>- are exempted. It is proposed that there The American Foreign Service Journal it published monthly shall lie no leave with pay during the fiscal year by the American Foreign Service Association, end it distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also ending June 30, 1933, hut sick leave remains. open to private subscription in the United Slates and abroad at the rate of $1.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State. Washington. D. C. NEW OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION Copyright. 1932. by the American Foreign Herr ire A**oriation. At a meeting of the Electorial College of the American Foreign Service Association held on JOURNAL STAFF June 14. 1932. the following officers of the As¬ AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM Editor sociation were elected for the vear beginning JAMES B. STEWART Consulting Editor WALTER A. FOOTE Associate Editor July 1. 1932: GEORGE TAIT Business Manager President—Leo J. Keena. CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer of Journal \ ice President -. Executive Committee -Homer M. Byington, The American Foreign Ellis < >. llriggs. Walter A. Foote, H. Freeman Matthews. J. Pierrepont Moffat. Service Association Alternate Memliers—Stuart E. Grummon,

TK» American Pnrvifft) Servir# AwrUtion is an unofficial anti Henry S. Villard. voluntary aaaoclatlon of the member* of The Foreign Service of the United States. It wa« formed for the purpOM of f«*a- tering esprit de corps among the member* of the Foreign It may l>e of interest to give the names of the Service, to *trengthen aervice apirft and to e*tabii«h a center around which might be grouped the united effort* of it* mem¬ officers who have served in previous years. ber* fur the improvement of the Service. AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION Honorary President Secretary of Stale FM9-1920—Roliert P. Skinner, President; HENRY L. STIMSON W illiam Coffin, Vice President. 1921-1922 -Charles C. F'herhardt. President; Honorary Vice-Presidents Stuart I. Fuller, Vice President. W. R. CASTLE, JR Undersecretary of State 1923-1924— Horace Lee Washington, Presi¬ WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State FRANCIS WHITE Assistant Secretary of State dent; Tracy Hay. Vice President. JAMES GRAFTON ROGERS Assistant Secretary of Slate HARVEY H. BUNDY Assistant Secretary of State AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION (With regard to the President and N ice President for the years 1025-1927, these offices were vacant during that LEO J. KEENA President period |K'iuling the results of a referendum questionnaire NORMAN ARMOUR Vice-President which was submitted to memliers of the Association.) M AX WELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer 1927- 192$ Evan E. Young, President; Hugh R. Wilson, Vice President. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1928- 192'*— Horace Lee Washington, Presi¬ HOMER M. BYINGTON. ELLIS 0. BRIGGS, WALTER A. FOOTE, H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS, and J, PIERRKPOIXT dent; Jefferson Caffery, Vice President. MOFFAT 1929- 1**30— George T. Summerlin, President; Alternates: Edwin S Cunningham, N ice President. STUART E. GRUMMON HENRY S. VILLARD 1930- 1931-—Ralph J. Totten, President; G. I lowland Shaw, N ice President. 1931- 1932 -Arthur Hliss Lane, President; Entertainment Committee: A DANA HODGDON, Chairman. PETER H. A. FLOOD and H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS George S. Messersmith, N ice President. POST OFFICE DAY women.” There was a man or two in the audi¬ July 26, 1932 ence, and one of them shouted, “In the garden of Eden." All George Washington Bicentennial Commit¬ tees. as well as all other patriotic and civic groups, are urged to join postmasters and postal employes TEN YEARS AGO in a nation-wide celebration of the George Wash¬ (From issue of July, 1922) ington Bicentennial and of the Birthday Anniver¬ The opening article was entitled “To En¬ sary of the Postal Service on Post Office Day, courage Conterences: Department sending July 26, 1932. Chief of Consular Bureau to Europe this It was on July 26, 1775, that a resolution was summer to meet several National Gatherings adopted bv the Continental Congress establishing of American Consuls,” and told how Mr. the Continental Post and naming Benjamin Frank¬ Herbert C. Hengstler, Chief of the Con¬ lin as the first Postmaster General of the United sular Bureau, was going to Europe to at¬ Colonies. tend the conference at Lucerne, and at This will be the first celebration of Post Office Berlin. The article also outlined the agenda Day in the history of the Nation. of such meetings, and gave various sug¬ Representative Clyde Kelly, of Pennsylvania, gested rules to assist in their efficient work- member of the Committee on Post Offices and ing. Post Roads, House of Representatives, in the course of a speech on this matter said: Another article by Consul Harry L. “Washington always realized the importance of Walsh described the consular conference the Postal Service and he was a pathfinder and held at Saltillo, Mexico, in May, 1922. road-builder in the days when the chief postal problem was that of finding ways through the The thirtieth anniversary of Mr. Wilbur wilderness. For eight years of his life Washing¬ J. Carr’s connection with the Department ton was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental of State was marked by a luncheon given Army, but for more than 50 years he was the out¬ by the American Consular Association in standing champion of the intercommunication Mr. Carr’s honor on June 1, 1922. Consul which alone could make possible a people’s gov¬ Tracy Lay, chairman of the Consular Asso¬ ernment. In war he created nationality; in peace ciation presided and made the opening ad¬ he fostered the intercommunication which alone dress. The Honorable Charles E. Hughes, could preserve the nation. Secretary of State, then spoke, paying tribute to the success of Mr. Carr’s efforts “When Washington assumed the Presidency of in putting the Service on a merit basis, and the United States there were only 75 post offices in building up the spirit of the Service and in the entire domain of the new nation and the post loyalty to its standards. This, Mr. Hughes roads covered a distance of 1,175 miles. When he said, “is in a large measure due not only to turned over the reins of office to there the hard work but to the ability and per¬ were 554 post offices and the mileage of post roads sonality of Mr. Carr, which has created had grown to 16,100. The revenue had increased among the personnel a feeling of admira¬ from about $37,000 to $214,000 annually. tion, confidence, respect and affection.” Mr. “From a little service having only a few dollars Carr, in thanking the speakers, referred to a year in revenue the United States Post Office Mr. Elihu Root as the one who had drawn has grown to an enterprise with $700,000,000 in "the plans of this great structure—this revenues. The few post riders and postmasters Service of ours—and we have raised the of 1789 have become an army of 371,000 servants structure, putting into our work the spirit of the public good.” of idealism as well as the spirit of service.” In conclusion, he said, that one fact must Representative Ruth Bryan Owen, while cam¬ be clearly understood, namely, “that the or¬ paigning recently in Florida, addressed a meeting ganization for which we may strive is not of women voters at Jacksonville. According to in itself the end, but only the means to the Frederic William Wile, in the Washington Eve¬ end which we should see, that end being ning Star, Mrs. Bryan was glorifying the achieve¬ larger, more effective and more loyal service ments of her sex in public life and said, “Where to the country.” would the men be, anyhow, if it weren’t for the 265 Mrs. Harvey Bundy, wife of the Assistant Sec¬ John Eranklin Carter, Jr., who has been con¬ retary of State, left Washington the end of May nected with the State Department for some years, for Manchester, where she intended to stay sonic being assigned as a regional expert to the Divi¬ time ltefore sailing the end of June to spend the sion of Western European Affairs, though more summer abroad. Mrs. Hundy will I>e accompanied recently to the Division of Ear Eastern Affairs, to Europe by their three children. has resigned to become (according to a newspaper report), a member of the organizing committee of a new national party, with headquarters at 420 The degree of Doctor of C ivil Law, honoris Lexington Avenue, . Mr. Carter causa, was conferred by Lawrence College, Wis¬ is the author of a number of books and magazine consin. on June Id. 1932, upon Mr. Hunter Miller, articles on international affairs, and rumor runs Historical Adviser, Department of State. In con¬ that be has also entered the field of fiction or de¬ ferring the degree upon him I)r. Henry M. tective mystery stories. He has been a con¬ Wrist on. President of the College, made the fol¬ tributor to various magazines under the pen name lowing statement: of Jay Eranklin. His monthly contribution to Your life lias been one of singular devotion to national the JOURNAL entitled “A Political Bookshelf,” service, as a soldier in tlx- Spanish War, as a member of has lieen greatly enjoyed, and it is hoped that we th<- inquiry preparing tlx- way for tlx- |x-ace, as IXR.I1 may still enjoy bis keen, concise comments on Adviser to tlx- Peace Commission with significant re¬ such current literature. sponsibility. and now as Historical Adviser to the De¬ partment of State. Because in then- manifold activities you have exemplified tlx- spirit of public service and I lave dealt with large questions with courage, high sclxdar- “Law Enforcement and the Judiciary in On¬ ship, and with resourceful intelligence, we seek to honor tario." was the title of an article by Consul Damon you. By the authority vested in me by the Board of C. Woods. now stationed at Toronto, that ap¬ Trustees I confer upon you tile degree of IXx-tor of Civil Law, honoris causa, and admit you to all its rights peared in the May issue of the American Bar As¬ and privileges. sociation Journal. In the course of this compre¬ hensive report, which should lie of practical inter¬ est and value to all thoughtful Americans, Mr. Dr. Stanley K. Hornlieck. chief of the Division W oods, who before entering the Foreign Service of Ear Eastern Affairs, received the honorary in 1919 was a prosecuting attorney in Texas, degree of doctor of laws from the University of shows bow the outstanding factors of the Ontario . Boulder, C olo., where he gave the com¬ system, which explain its comparative success, are mencement address on June 13. Dr. Hornlieck the able direction and thorough discipline of police, spent the remainder of the month of June in the concentration of power and responsibility for ad¬ mountains in Colorado. ministration of law. independence and strength of the Judiciary, summary trial procedure, and ex¬ Consul General John K. Caldwell visited Yale peditious manner of disposing of cases in the last month for the graduation of his eldest son; courts. his second son is at the University of Virginia, and the youngest son is just graduating from the High School in Washington. H. M. Byington, Jr., a few days after bis suc¬ cessful appearance in the State Department Club theatricals, bad to undergo an operation for ton- Stuart J. Fuller, assistant chief of the Division silectomy. Unfortunately, after the operation of Ear Eastern Affairs, represented the United hemorrhages occurred, but be is now reported to States in an expert and advisory capacity at the be doing well. 15th Session of the Opium Advisory Committee of the League of Nations at Geneva, which com¬ menced April 12. Mr. Eullcr left Geneva on The Honorable U. Grant Smith has, in remem¬ May 6, returning to the United States by the S. S. brance of the posts at which be has served, kindly American Importer from Hamburg. He was presented a framed Piranesi etching to each of taken ill on board ship with acute sciatica, but the following American Embassies: London, Is¬ managed to reach bis home in Washington where tanbul, and Santiago, Chile, and also to the Amer¬ be was confined to bis bed until lime 15. He ican Legation at Tirana, Albania. A brass plate has now recovered, but this painful experience is attached to each framed picture, stating that it has brought home forcibly to Mr. Fuller the was presented by U. Grant Smith, and giving the value of narcotics in relieving pain. date of bis service at that post. 264 Chief Clerk. The following quotation from a let¬ ence, laws, treaties, and other documents of great ter written by Jefferson to Benjamin Smith Bar¬ value as well as the secret journals of Congress, ton on August 12, 1790, is interesting in that con¬ then unpublished. Wagons were obtained at the nection : gristmill and Graham continued on to Leesburg, “When I arrived here I found Mr. Alden at the head Va., 35 miles from the Capital, where he placed of the home office and Mr. Remsen at that of the for¬ the records in an empty house. He returned to eign office. Neither could descend to a secondary ap¬ Washington a few days later to find the city de¬ pointment and yet they were so well acquainted with their respective departments and papers in them, that it was stroyed by fire and still smouldering. The records extremely desirable to keep both. On this ground, of remained in safety at Leesburg for some weeks, their peculiar familiarity with the papers and proceed¬ during which the British Fleet plundered Alex¬ ings of their respective offices, which made them neces¬ andria and threatened a second invasion of Wash¬ sary to me as indexes, I asked permission to appoint two Chief Clerks. . . . One of them (Alden) chusing after¬ ington. Every document and paper of any im¬ wards to engage in another line I could do nothing less, portance was saved by Graham’s prompt action. in return to the complaisance of the legislature, than de¬ No attempt was made to save the Library and it clare that as the ground on which alone they were in¬ burned with the Department’s building. duced to allow the second officer, was now removed, I considered the office at an end, and that the arrange¬ In 1847, during the War with Mexico, General ment should return to the order desired by the legis¬ Winfield Scott, Commander of the American lature.” Army, after his victory at Cerro Gordo, occupied The Act of June 4, 1790, gave authority for the successively Jalapa, Perote, and Puebla. At employment of both Remsen and Alden. On July Puebla, Scott waited with his army for delayed 25, 1790, Alden resigned to enter private life, be¬ reinforcements. Scott’s feeling that his Govern¬ ing dissatisfied with the compensation of his office ment meant to embarrass him increased with the ($800 per annum) and Remsen then became the arrival at his headquarters of Nicholas P. Trist, Chief Clerk, occupying that position until 1792, erstwhile Chief Clerk of the Department of State when he resigned to become the first teller of the and Confidential Agent of the Polk Cabinet. new United States Bank. “The Home Office” Trist brought with him the project of a treaty and “The Foreign Office” were merged under drafted by Secretary of State, , Remsen following Alden’s resignation. Remsen for use should the proper opportunity arise. Un¬ was succeeded by George Taylor, of New York, aware of General Scott’s sensitiveness, Trist, upon who was promoted from a clerkship in the De¬ reaching Vera Cruz forwarded to Scott for trans¬ partment. mission a packet addressed to the Mexican Min¬ One of the early Chief Clerks of the Depart¬ ister of Foreign Relations. The packet was sealed ment was Jacob Wagner, a Federalist from Penn¬ and the contents were unexplained to Scott, who sylvania, who served from 1798 to 1807. He re¬ declined to cooperate. Trist, however, finally suc¬ signed to edit the North American and Mercan¬ ceeded in getting the packet into the enemy’s tile Daily in Baltimore. The name of the paper hands with the assistance of the British Legation was changed in 1809 to The Federalist Republi¬ after Scott had definitely declined to help. In can/’ one of the most violent of anti-administra¬ this manner Trist notified the Mexican Minister tion publications. The press was destroyed by a that he held full power to conclude a treaty. mob on June 22, 1812. Scott’s warlike preparations had not relaxed dur¬ During the War of 1812 the serious danger of ing this unpleasant episode with Trist. Reinforce¬ the capture of the City of Washington prompted ments arrived and the march from Puebla to the then Secretary of State, , to Mexico City proceeded, culminating, after several direct the Chief Clerk, John Graham, to attempt triumphs, with the American Army in view of the to save the Department’s records. Graham was Mexican Capital. The patriotic defendants of from Virginia and had succeeded Wagner in 1807. Mexico were by this time much demoralized and He had formerly served as Secretary of Legation had Scott continued his advance to the city walls and Charge d’Affaires at Madrid. Despite the the capture of the Capital might have been fact that he was told by the Secretary of War, achieved without further resistance. General Armstrong, that there was no need for At this juncture Trist again tried his hand. An alarm, Graham proceeded to carry out his instruc¬ armistice was concluded in four days and during tions and on August 21, 1814, accompanied by two negotiations carried on for a period of two weeks others, placed the records in carts and took them Trist submitted to the Mexican Commissioners to a gristmill on the Virginia side of the Potomac the treaty project he had brought from Washing¬ about two miles above Georgetown. The records ton. They were unable to agree, however, and comprised the original Declaration of Independ¬ hostilities were resumed. Scott finally became 267 Office of the Chief Clerk and Administrative Assistant, Department of State

until approved by the President. This provision was stricken out, however, by the Senate and did not appear in the law as finally enacted. In the early days of the Department the Chief Clerk was frequently called upon to act as Sec¬ retary of State and continued to be the second of¬ ficer in the Department until the passage of the Act of March 3, 1853, which provided for an As¬ sistant Secretary of State. Departmental Order of N'ovemlier .50, 1836, issued by Secretarv of State John Forsyth, described the duties of the C hief Clerk as follows: "The duties of this of¬ ficer will be such, in all respects, as appertain to an Under Secretary of State." By Departmental Order No. 369 dated February 24, 1926. the of¬ fice of Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of State was created. This office was abolished by Departmental Order Xo. 389 dated October 30, 1926, and the duties thereof were combined with those of the C hief C lerk, whose title was changed to C hief C lerk and Administrative Assistant. \\ hen the old Government gave way to the new, the state papers of Congress and the Great Seal of the l nited States were placed in the custody of Roger Alden, of Connecticut. Alden had served in the Revolution of 1777 as aide to Gen¬ Clintdinst CLINTON K. MACKACHRAN eral Benedict Arnold and later as an aide to Gen¬ Chief Clerk and Administrative Assistant eral \\ ashington. He held the rank of Major and had studied law under Samuel Johnson, of Con¬ r | Ml I' Office of tin* Chief Clerk, which has necticut. He had l>een elected Deputy Secretary I the distinction of lieing the oldest unit in of Congress in 1785 and was directed by Wash¬ the Department’s organization, was created ington, when he became President, to take custody by Section 2 of the Act of July 27, 1789, which of the Great Seal and other papers of Congress established the Department of Foreign Affairs. not connected with foreign affairs, finance or war. The Section reads as follows: Henry Remsen, Junior, of New York, had been "And he it further enacted. That there shall be in the elected as Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs on said department, an inferior officer, to be appointed by the March 2, 1784, and was given charge of the said principal officer, and to he employed therein as lie 1 papers relating to foreign affairs under the new shall deem proper, and to IK called the Chief Clerk in the Department of Foreign Affairs, and who, whenever the system of government. When assumed said principal officer shall he removed from office by the temporary direction of the Department as the first President of the United States, or in any other case of Secretary for Foreign Affairs he found Alden in vacancy, shall during each vacancy have the charge and custody of all records, liouks and papers appertaining to charge of “The Home Office” and Remsen in the said department.” (I Stat. 29.) charge of “The Foreign Office.” When Thomas The bill was introduced in the House by Abra¬ Jefferson entered upon his duties as Secretary of ham Baldwin, a Republican from Georgia, on State he found these two officers of equal rank in June 2, 1789, and, as passed by the I louse on June charge of the Department’s affairs, and, although 24, 1789, provided that the appointment of the the law provided for but one Chief Clerk, he de¬ Chief Clerk by the Secretary would not be valid cided to retain them both, each with the rank of 266 Secretary of Legation in China and subsequently was Minister, and later Ambassador to several FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER countries including Turkey. For eight years, Room 115, Department of State from 1897 to 1905, William H. Michael, of Ne¬ May braska, served as Chief Clerk. Upon his resig¬ William Kubalek, Prague 18 nation he was made Consul General and assigned Victor M. Lcnzer, Paris 19 to Calcutta. Charles Denby, Junior, of Indiana, John M. Cabot, Rio de Janeiro 21 had an extended foreign service. He was Chief Charles L. Hoover, Amsterdam 21 J. M. Bowcock, Munich 23 Clerk from 1905 to 1907. Similarly Edwin C. Lee R. Blohm, Havana 24 Wilson and Harry A. McBride, who have been Hoffman Philip, Oslo 24 acting Chief Clerks, have served at many foreign Wesley Frost, Montreal 24 posts. The present incumbent has had numerous Monnett B. Davis... 24 Carlos C. Hall, Panama 25 foreign details and held three Consular posts prior John F. Calvert, Regina 25 to his appointment as Chief Clerk and Adminis¬ R. P. Butrick, Shanghai 26 trative Assistant. John J. O'Keefe, Nogales 26 James G. Carter, Calais 26 It is evident, therefore, that the Office of the Russell L. Jordan, Valencia 27 Chief Clerk of the Department has been since its Paul W. Meyer, Nanking 27 creation very definitely associated with the For¬ Gerald A. Mokma, Maracaibo 31 eign Service of the United States. John R. Putnam, Hongkong 31 A. R. Preston, Brisbane 31 John Shi Hock, Buenos Aires 31 Philip Adams, Sarnia 31 The present organization of the Office of the Irwin Laughlin, Madrid 31 Chief Clerk and Administrative Assistant com¬ June prises six distinct units, namely: Arthur R. Williams, Nuevo Laredo 2 Administrative Office. Leonard G. Dawson, Vera Cruz 3 Reginald S. Kazanjian, Rangoon 3 Appointment Section. Raymond O. Richards, Madrid 4 Stenographic Section. John Farr Simmons, Mexico City 7 Mail Section. Stephen B. Vaughan, Breslau 7 Supply Section. Robert B. Macatee, London 8 Leslie W. Johnson, Wellington, N. Z 8 Welfare Section. John Carter Vincent, Mukden 9 The present total personnel required for the ef¬ Wilbur Keblinger, Singapore 9 Cloyce K. Huston, Genoa 10 fective operation of the entire organization is 124. Joseph E. Newton, Nagoya 10 (To be continued in the next issue) Cecil B. Lycn, Hongkong 11 Ben Zweig, San Jose, Costa Rica 11 James H. Wright, Cologne 11 W. Leonard Parker, Alexandria 11 Leonard S. Salisbury, Tokyo 13 Paul M. Dutko 13 John J. Coyle, Paris 13 Dana G. Munro, Port au Prince 14 H. A. Boucher, Rome 14 Cecil M. P. Cross, Capetown 14 Frederick W. Hinke, Canton 15 H. P. Starrett, Lima 15 Paul W. Meyer, Nanking 16

BELIEVE IT OR NOT The illustrated daily article “Believe It or Not” by Kipleyr in The New York American had in the issue of May 24, 1932, an item reading “Bing Bing Bing Bing Bing Bing’’ “A Chinese sentence meaning ‘The Sick Soldier Carrying Cake and Ice' suggested by Mr. Peck, American Consul, FORT WILLIAM, ONTARIO, CANADA Nanking. China.” \ u >(/F \v, Left to right: Consul Jesse B. Jackson; Miss Constance (Consul G. Carlton Woodward, Prince Rupert, B. C., E. Sandeil, Clerk; Miss Violet M. Batten, Clerk; and suggested having such a column in the JOURNAL. Con¬ Vice Consul Henry T. Dwyer tributions desired.) 269 involved in bitter quarrels with his subordinate liatn Hunter. Junior, of Rhode Island, 1855 and generals and was relieved of bis command, but be¬ 1860. fore the order recalling him reached Scott a It is interesting to observe that the following treaty of peace was signed. Unfortunately for officers serving in the Department at the pres¬ Trist, when the Mexican (iovernment at last ac¬ ent time have held office as Chief Clerk or Acting cepted the terms he had tendered, he received Chief Clerk: The Honorable Wilbur J. Carr, As¬ word that his full power had I teen revoked by the sistant Secretary of State; Mr. Harry A. Mc¬ President and that his mission was terminated. Bride, Assistant to the Secretary of State; Mr. Trist‘s order of recall was dated Octolter 6, 1847. Edwin C. Wilson, Chief, Division of Latin Ameri¬ A recalled functionary, and yet the only function¬ can Affairs; Mr. William McNeir, Chief, Bureau ary on the spot, T rist acted, General Scott having of Accounts, and Mr. Percy F. Allen, Chief of declined to take into his own hands a business the Appointment Section. with which the President had never trusted him. Out of a total of 52 individuals who have occu¬ A long treaty of 2.? articles in English and Span¬ pied the office of Chief Clerk or Acting Chief ish was signed at Guadalupe Hidalgo by Nicholas Clerk, 16 have served abroad in the Foreign Serv¬ P. Trist on l>ehalf of the United States and by ice either before or after entering upon their de¬ three Commissioners appointed by President Pena partmental duties at Washington. John Graham, on the part of Mexico. The treaty was ratified of Virginia, was Secretary of the Legation at by the respective Governments with slight modi¬ Madrid in 1801 and Consul in 1805. After his fications and proclaimed by President Polk on term of duty as C hief C lerk he went to Argen¬ July 4. 1848. tina as a Special Commissioner and in 1819 was William Hunter, Junior, of Rhode Island, Minister to Portugal. Daniel Brent, also of Vir¬ served as Chief Clerk from 1852 to 1866 except ginia. was appointed Consul at Paris on August for a short intervening jieriod in 1855. I luring 8, 1855. Aaron Vail, of New York, who was his incumbency he was frequently called upon to Chief Clerk of the Department from 1858 to serve in other capacities in the Department. He 1840, had previously seen service as Secretary of was Secretary of State ad interim in 1855 and Legation and Charge d’Affaires, having served in again in 1860. and Assistant Secretary of State Great Britain and Spain. In 1844. Jacob L. Mar¬ ad interim in 1855 and again in 1861. He retired tin. of North Carolina, Chief Clerk, 1840-1841, as Chief Clerk in 1866 to accept appointment as went to France as Secretary of Legation. Daniel Second Assistant Secretary of State, upon the cre¬ Fletcher Webster, of Massachusetts, went to ation of that position, and was its incumlient China in 1845, as Secretary to a Commission, at until his death in 1886, Ixdng succeeded by Alvey the conclusion of bis service as Chief Clerk. In A. Adee. In this connection, it is remarked that, addition to his diplomatic success in Mexico men¬ although the j>osition of Second Assistant Secre¬ tioned elsewhere in this article. Nicholas P. Trist, tary was in existence for a period of 58 years of Virginia, served as Consul at Habana in 1855 from 1866 to 1924, but two officers occupied it prior to his appointment as Chief Clerk. John during that period. Hunter for 20 years and Adee Appleton, of Maine, after a brief tenure as Chief for 58 years. C lerk in 1846. went to Bolivia as Charge d’Af¬ faires and later was Secretary of Legation in As of interest it is noted that all original laws Great Britain. I le was appointed Envoy Extraor¬ as passed by Congress and signed by the President dinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia in are still delivered to the ( Mliee of the C hief l lerk 1865 After a period of two years from 1888 by White House messenger as in the early days to 1890 as C hief Clerk. James Fenner Lee, of of the Government. Maryland, was appointed Secretary of Legation Another interesting fact is that the papers in in Brazil. Prior to his appointment as Chief connection with the issuance of the first patent, Clerk he had served as Secretary of Legation issued to Samuel Hopkins on July 51, 1790, were in Austria-1 lungary in 1885. Robert S. Chilton, prepared by Remsen, Chief Clerk of the Depart¬ Junior, of the District of Columbia, held two Con¬ ment, who was in immediate charge of patent sular posts after relinquishing the position of matters. C hief C lerk which, however, he held for only two Some of the Chief Clerks who acted as Secre¬ months in 1895. Mr. Chilton was Vice Consul at tary of State ad interim were John Graham, of Erzurum in 1895 and went to Toronto as Consul Virginia, 1817; Daniel Mrcnt, of Virginia, 1825; in 1905. William W. Rockhill, of Maryland, was Jacob L. Martin, of North Carolina, 1841 ; Wil¬ Chief Clerk of the Department in 1895-1894. liam S. Derrick, of Pennsylvania, 1845, and W’il- Prior to that time he had seen foreign service as 268 famous aviators are gathering for a reunion of at Montserrat, the reputed seat of the Holy trans-Atlantic flyers to be held in Rome shortly. Grail. At the first of these picnics the at¬ tached photograph was snapped. Retired Con¬ HAMBURG sul General and Mrs. Charles S. Winans, of MAY 24, 1932. Washington, D. C., and their daughter, Mrs. D. P. Consul General J. Klahr Huddle, Warsaw, Melson, of Prague, who were passing through visited Hamburg, one of his former posts, on his Barcelona on a tour of Spain, were able to join way home on leave, and took occasion to renew the party on the trip to Montserrat. acquaintances here. VICE CONSUL DANIEL M. BRADDOCK.

Stuart J. Fuller, Assistant Chief, Division of MARSEILLE Far Eastern Affairs, spent several days in Ham¬ During the month of April, the following burg while on his way back from the Geneva Con¬ called at Marseille: ference. Mr. Duncan James Laing, of the American Embassay at Tokio, on his way to his post from Vice Consul and Mrs. John B. Ocheltree and Constantinople. their daughter Anne left Hamburg on April 12 Vice Consul Allen Haden on his way to the for Washington where Mr. Ocheltree has been United States for his course of study in the assigned to the Foreign Service School. Foreign Service School. Mr. Joseph C. Green, officer of the Division of Recent visitors to Hamburg have included Western European Affairs, on his way from Major William E. Schipp, newly appointed Mili¬ Geneva to the United States. tary Attache to Latvia, Esthonia, Lithuania and Finland; Vice Consul Howard Elting, Jr., Dres¬ Joseph Alden Springer, who was American den; Vice Consul Duncan M. White, Prague; and Vice Consul at Havana for so many years, and Vice Consul E. V. Polutnik, Budapest. who retired August 31, 1930, celebrated in Ha¬ CONSUL JOHN H. BRUINS. vana his eighty-seventh birthday on May 17 last. At the reception held in his honor, among the many guests were representatives of the Masonic BARCELONA,SPAIN Order, of which he is a past grand master. As The arrival of spring coincided with the com- his name implies, Uncle Joe, as he is familiarly / ing of Consul General and Mrs. Lowell C. called, is a descendent of John Alden, of Puritan Pinkerton to inspect the Barcelona office, and vari- fame. v ous gatherings were arranged to make of their two weeks’ stay in Barcelona a pleasant memory. In addition to dinners, lunch¬ eons, and teas given in their honor by Consul General and Mrs. Claude I. Dawson and other members of the staff, the Pinkertons were taken on two delightful picnics, one at the pic¬ turesque old Deering Castle on the shore of the Mediterranean near Tarragona, and the other

SPRING RETURNS TO BARCE¬ LONA, SPAIN Left to right: Mrs. Claude I. Dawson; Mrs. Thomas McEnelly; Consul Gen¬ eral Lowell C. Pinkerton, inspecting officer; Consul General Claude I. Dawson; Mrs. Lowell C. Pinkerton; Consul Richard F. Boyce; Mrs. Dan¬ iel M. Braddock; and Mrs. Richard F. Boyce 271 News Items From The Field

PARIS Messrs. I.e Breton, Cobb, Finger, O’Xeill and MAY 27, 1932. Brown. Consul General L. J. Keena led the Con- sular group composed of Messrs. Murphy, Morin, Consul James G. Carter, Calais, left for the Bohlen, Page anti De Courcy. The Consulate United States on May 11 on leave of absence. < ieneral hopes to have a chance to redeem itself after a summer of practice. Vice Consul Tevis Huhn returned to Washing¬ ton on April 14 to enter the Foreign Service I he cornerstone of the new United States Gov¬ School. Prior to his departure he was presented ernment building in Paris was laid by Ambassador with a desk lighter as a souvenir from his col¬ Edge on the afternoon of May 25. Due to the leagues in the Consulate General. He and Mrs. observance of a period of mourning for the re¬ Huhn will be greatly missed by their many friends cently assassinated President Paul Doumer. the in Paris. ceremony was a very simple one and attendance was restricted to the officers of the Embassy and Sailing at the same time as Mr. and Mrs. Huhn the Consulate General. A part of the structural were Vice Consul and Mrs. Charles Brush Per¬ steel for the building is in place and it is expected kins from Bucharest. that construction will go forward rapidly during the course of the coming summer. Vice Consul Chari C. L. B. Wyles, from Frank¬ CoNSCi. WM. E. DF. COCRCY. fort -on-Main, has been spending part of his leave of absence in Paris. NAPLES Consul Charles H. Derry has resumed his duties MAY 16. 1932. in the Visa Department, following leave of ab¬ Vice Consul T. Monroe Fisher recently assigned sence in the United States. Mrs. Derry, who is to the consular office at Trieste, passed through in Florida with her little daughter, will join him Naples April 15 on his way to his new post. here toward the close of the summer. Consul General Charles Sumner Winans. re¬ The bowling team of the Consulate General, tired. accompanied by his wife and daughter, which was runner-up in last year's tournament, called at several of the consular offices in Italy has just won the 1932 championship of the Paris while making a motor trip through that country. American Bowling I-eague against a field of seven competitors, with a final score of 32 games won Consul Hiram A. Boucher, of Rome, emlwrked and 10 lost. Individual memlicrs of the team will .HI the S. S. Conte Biaihonnnio at Naples on April receive a small silver cup each, and the large cup 23 on his way to the United States on home leave offered to the winner will come into the possession of absence. of the Consulate General for the current year. Permanent ownership goes to the team who wins Mr. Karl L. Rankin, newly assigned Commer¬ it three times. cial Attache at Athens, passed through Naples April 26 while in transit from Prague, his former A return golf match In-tween the Embassy and assignment, to his new post. the Consulate General was played at the Morfon- taine Club on May 21 and resulted in another Consul Prentiss B. Gilbert, of Geneva, called overwhelming victory for the Iimlnssy experts at the Consulate General in Naples while in that who finished 24 up as a total for the 3 foursomes city on May 3. played over IK holes. In the absence of the Am¬ bassador, who was detained at Le Bourget in an¬ Among the celebrities passing through Naples ticipation of the arrival of the plane of Miss liar- recently is Mr. George Haldemati, who flew the hart. First Secretary Robert M. Scotten headed Atlantic in l‘>27 with Miss Ruth Elder. Messrs. the Embassy team. He was ably assisted by Post and Gatty are expected shortly. These 270 ■JW^MERICANppREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL

PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA community in Shanghai would like the Commis¬ sion to know, however, that the hearts of Amer¬ In commemoration of the two hundredth anni¬ icans in Shanghai on tnat day were filled with an versary of the birth of George Washington, Mrs. admiration for the Father of Our Country that Ives, wife of Ernest L. Ives, Secretary of the neither guns nor riots could efface. American Legation, planted a tree in Burgers Park. The Mayor of Pretoria (Mrs. M. C. Mal¬ herbe) in the course of her address announced SHANGHAI that the day was also marked by renaming the APRIL 29, 1932. upper part of Government Avenue as George Although the armed forces of China and Japan Washington Boulevard. Mr. Ives in reply ex¬ outside the city are still facing each other with pressed on behalf of the Minister, Hon. Ralph J. fixed bayonets, fighting has ceased in and around Totten, and that of the Bicentennial Commission Shanghai, and the start of the Consulate General in Washington, their grateful appreciation of the has been able to return practically to a peace-time honor rendered to the memory of the first Presi¬ basis once again. dent of the United States. After the ceremony a During the months of February and March the reception was held by Mr. and Mrs. Ives at their “exigencies of the service" required a strict over¬ residence on George Washington Boulevard. time schedule, with an officer, a stenographer, and a code clerk on duty at all time. At the beginning JOHANNESBURG of each week a notice was posted giving the names of persons to be on duty after office hours each On February 22, 1932, a ceremony was held in night and during the week end. Such overtime Joubert Park. In commemoration of the two duty consisted principally of handling letters and hundredth anniversary of the birth of George dispatches which arrived, answering telephone in¬ Washington, the Mayor of Johannesburg pre¬ quiries and individual applications for assistance, sented a cedar tree to be planted by the American and coding and decoding telegrams. Consul General. After a short address by the Mayor, the tree was handed to the American Con¬ During the single month from January 28 to February 28, more telegrams were handled by sul General who planted it in the park and then this office than during the whole of 1930. At the expressed his thanks on behalf of the United same time, other duties increased proportionately. States. The American anthem was sung, and also Many hours of midnight oil were naturally re¬ “God Save the King.” About 150 Americans, consisting of all the leading members of the colony, quired to meet the emergency, with small time for church attendance on Sunday. The whole experi¬ were present, as well as a number of local offi¬ ence has been exciting, however, and all members cials. of the staff have performed the extra duties cheer¬ In the evening a reception was given by the fully. American Consul General and Mrs. Moorhead at The question of the hour has been whether the their residence, which was attended by about 300 trouble was blowing over or whether it would guests. break out again shortly. Today the Japanese On February 23, 1932, Mr. Moorhead delivered Minister to China and four high Japanese officials an address on George Washington at the local in Shanghai have been severely wounded by a Rotary Club. bomb, and now anything may happen. VICE CONSUL GEORGE V. ALLEN. SHANGHAI, CHINA (Extract from despatch No. 8238, from Consul General FIJI ISLANDS Edwin S. Cunningham, dated April 22, 1932) Consul General Wilbur Keblinger recently It is with regret that this office is forced to re¬ assigned to Singapore passed through Suva April port that on February 22 of this year, the date on 27, 1932, en route to trade conferences in Hono¬ which there was to have been held in Shanghai lulu and the United States before proceeding to the greatest Washington Birthday celebration this his new post. port has ever witnessed, local Sino-Japanese dis¬ turbances were at their height. Dangers from fall¬ Other passengers on the S. S. Sonoma were ing shells and from street rioting precluded the Consul and Mrs. A. R. Preston and Miss Shirley possibility of any large gathering of people at that Preston proceeding from Brisbane to the United time. This Consulate General and the American States on leave of absence. 273 fffilAljl 2 =5 J £ h t- s » ?

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272 The Sprague Centenary APRIL 30, 1932 (By a Special Correspondent of the JOURNAL) /^OME conspicuous achievements are recog- and mortars which once rendered Gibraltar im¬ nized by the bestowal of medals and deco- pregnable from land or sea attack. The guns have rations to he worn as a mark of honor; the disappeared and the old forts are now converted relation of other deeds have been inscribed on into driveways and promenades. One may only parchment or engraved on gold or on silver. But lightly sketch the historic landmarks of Gibraltar there are still others involving so many unusual which surround the Consulate; such an important circumstances that they may he commemorated subject is bounded by the limitations of space and only by a record wrought in bronze. Accordingly, it is best to omit further descriptions than to leave as everyone who has seen it has remarked, the many things imperfectly drawn. Foreign Service Association is to be complimented Algeciras, across the Bay, where the Spragues upon the excellent judgment employed by its com¬ have often acted in the interest of American cit¬ mittee in deciding upon a Bronze Tablet to mark izens, is a place of great historical associations. the accomplishments of the Spragues at Gibraltar It was built and fortified by the Moors about the during the past 100 years. For the Tablet, as a year 714 and soon became a city of importance monument to the Spragues and to the Service, and strength. It was frequently besieged by the will endure after all other mementos might have Kings of Castile and successfully defended until perished or have been lost. Furthermore, it was the year 1344 when, after a most obstinate resist¬ the most acceptable present the Service could offer ance, it surrendered to the victorious arms of to Mr. Sprague. Alonzo XI. This siege continued for nearly two As Gibraltar, fortress and town, is unlike any years and most of the potentates in Europe in¬ other place in the world so the consular office terested themselves in it by sending troops to the stands apart by itself among all other American Christian forces. The English, under the Duke Consulates. No office is so identified with the of Lancaster, the Earls of Derby, Leicester, Sal¬ place of its location; none has been so long sit¬ isbury, and Lincoln, particularly distinguished uated among surroundings of such historical in¬ themselves by their gallantry and conduct during terest as the one on the celebrated Rock. Built this memorable contest. And it is worthy of re¬ on the side of a hill by the Moors, the Spanish mark that cannon were said to have been first and the English, Gibraltar is an unusual town— made use of in this siege, by the Moors against a place of stone stairs, paved ramps, and narrow the attackers; and the English, profiting by the curving mounting roads. Wherever one goes the knowledge gained in the siege, afterwards used Rock looms above in all its rugged strength. guns at the battle of Cressy. The windows of Mr. Sprague’s residence over¬ In certain of its furnishings the Consulate at look many terraced and flat roofs; and beyond Gibraltar is like the American Consulates at some them is an extensive and beautiful prospect of the 300 posts. It has the standardized desks, file cab¬ Straits, Algeciras and the neighboring coasts. inets and sectional bookcases. But visitors to the Near the office is the Moorish Castle, erected by Consulate are not interested in its modern fur¬ the Saracens on their first invasion of Spain; and nishings. Their attention is attracted and held by the present venerable remains are incontestable the engravings and prints, the carved and deco¬ proofs of its magnificence while it continued in rated mirrors, the portraits, the china, glass, sil¬ their possession. On the other side are some of ver and old furniture which adorns the office and the walls built by the Spanish. Below the Con¬ the residence—a lovely collection of family treas¬ sulate are the Prince of Orange’s and Kings’ ures which afford its fortunate possessor a par¬ Bastions, erected in 1773 and for many years a donable feeling of sentiment and pride of ances¬ part of the great system of fortifications which, try. And the visitors’ imagination can weave with curtains and redans, dry ditches, covered pleasant fancies round these beautiful old things. ways, glacis, casemates, barbettes and cavaliers, In the ordinary life of the Service with its constituted the principal strength of Gibraltar comings and goings of officers from post to post during and after the Great Siege which lasted it is almost impossible to collect and keep rare ob¬ from 1779 to 1783. But the massive stone para¬ jects of art. They are destroyed or lost in mov¬ pets no longer carry the 32-pounders, howitzers ing from place to place; and many tears have 27S On May 3, 1932, the U. S. S. Lark arrived at tribute to the retiring German Consul General and Suva with Capt. (i. S. Lincoln, U. S. Navy (re¬ Mrs. Weber, expressed the sincere regret felt at tired), Governor of American Samoa, and a party the departure of Mr. and Mrs. Pisar, saying that of 11 officials of American Samoa for a two-day during the four and a half years that Mr. Pisar visit to the Fiji Islands. Consul and Doctor had been stationed in Macedonia he had made Roberts entertained the American visitors and a them love “the great starry Republic” more than number of the leading officials and residents of ever before, and that Mrs. Pisar “whose charm Suva at a dinner given in the Grand Pacific Hotel. and gracious welcome to all who addressed them¬ The dinner was followed by a l>all given in honor selves to her” would never l>e forgotten. Mr. of the Governor of American Samoa by the Pisar in returning thanks said how pleasant their Governor of Fiji. associations with their local colleagues had lieen and that they hoped to see them at their new post, and he also expressed their appreciation of the SALONIKI many kindnesses they had received from the A banquet was given at Saloniki, Greece, by I lellenic people, lxjth official and non-official, which the local consular corps on May 24. l'>32. in honor would make them always cherish a happy remem¬ of Charles J. I’isar, American Consul, and Dr. brance of their residence in Greece. Weber, German Consul General, upon the occa¬ sion of their departure from Saloniki. Mr. Pisar Thomas C. Wasson, American Vice Consul at has been transferred to Ghent, while the German Puerto Cortez, Honduras, writing to a friend on Consul General was retiring from active service. March 9, 1932, said: “On Sundays I have been There was a large attendance not only of the mem- joining the Pedro Sula Americans on duck hunts lters of the consular corps and their wives, but in the interior. Sometimes we go as far as Lake also of the prominent local officials. Yojoa, where Col. Guy R. Molony has a motor The dean of the corps, the Belgian Consul Gen¬ Itoat. We have never returned with fewer than eral, in the course of his s|>eech. after an eloquent 50 ducks. It is great sport.”

STAFF OF THK AMFRICAN CONSULATK AT SALONIKI, GREECE Seated, left to right: li, ( . Carasso, Vice Consul D. /■. Mcllonigal, C onstil C luirles J. Pisar, 1\ I. 1 iano. Stand¬ ing, left to right: Curtiss Redjcb Maloush, Clerks J. Vafiadcs, Mrs. S'. Chekaloff, I-. P- \ystris. Cavass Hatchik Kaliondjian 274 little town and its medley of many races will dis¬ BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION appear. But while there is an American Foreign It is a mistake to believe, says the United States Service the drab town that holds fast to a rock George Washington Bicentennial Commission, in the Mediterranean will carry a memory whose that the American people have let down in their glow can never fade, a memory of a century of celebration of the two hundredth anniversary of steadfast service, a memory of three generations George Washington’s birth, on the supposition of her sons in whose ability and integrity America that there has been celebration enough. The Fed¬ has been justified in reposing faith and confidence eral Commission is in daily touch with hundreds —the Spragues of Gibraltar. of thousands of local committees all over the United States, every one of them more active than LIMA, PERU ever in carrying out the celebration over the period planned from the beginning—that is, from Wash¬ MAY 18, 1932. Mrs. Culbertson, the wife of the American ington's Birthday until Thanksgiznng. Ambassador to Chile, visited Lima en route to The other day the United States Commission the United States. She had arranged with the received a letter from a member of one of these International Telephone & Telegraph Company committees which voiced exactly the spirit which to make the first hookup for telephonic communi¬ has kept these committees unremittingly active. cation between Lima and Santiago, Chile, in order Said the writer of this letter: “We need this Bi¬ to give the Ambassador a surprise. Promptly a‘ centennial Celebration. It is a spiritual tonic of 11 o’clock on the morning of May 18th the cir¬ hope, of courage, of faith.” cuit was ready and she and her small daughter talked a few minutes with the Ambassador. Later, Messrs. Starrett and Norweb exchanged greetings and Service news. The company hopes soon to maintain a permanent commercial service from Lima to Santiago and thence to New York via Buenos Ayres. H. P. S.

THIRTY-FIVE YEARS AGO Consul General Edward A. Dow, now at St. John’s Newfoundland, recently came across in Munsey’s Magazine of October, 1897, the follow¬ ing tribute to Homer Byington, grandfather of Consul General Homer M. Byington: President McKinley’s appointment of Homer Byington, of Connecticut, as Consul at Naples, brings to mind a noteworthy incident in the career of the veteran journal¬ ist. Thirty years ago Mr. Byington was interested in a project of establishing a Republican daily paper in New York. The Sun, which at that time was in the Asso¬ ciated Press syndicate, was purchased and he was installed as its manager. Charles A. Dana, whose subsequent work on this paper has advanced him to the forefront of jour¬ nalistic literateurs, also joined the new venture as editor- in-chief. When Mr. Dana’s historical feud with Presi¬ dent Grant arose, the policy of the paper was changed completely by its editor, and it became a staunch advo¬ cate of Democracy. Mr. Byington, adhering to his strong Republican views, could not tolerate this, and withdrew from the manage¬ ment, surrendering a handsome competence rather than betray the party to whose support he was pledged. Such Fox Co., San Antonio, Tex. unflinching fidelity to political conviction is uncommon enough to constitute an event in the annals of our vacilla- MISS PEGGY FOSTER tory journalism. It constitutes, too, a mark of character (In Tehuana costume at the Eagle Pass which Air. Byington’s political friends and foes will Fiesta) Daughter of Consul and Mrs. Paul equally respect. It. Foster, Piedras Negras, Mexico 277 been shed over the disappearance of some prized at Gibraltar enjoyed his hospitality at a tea-dance antiques. Hut the Spragues were not only con¬ at the Bristol Hotel; and in the evening a dinner sular pioneers—the Service I wing legally in ex¬ party was given at the Consulate in honor of .Mr. istence 40 years when Horatio Sprague received Spragues sister, Mrs. Antoinette Greey. The his commission—they have remained at the one other guests were Consul and Mrs. Richard Ford, |H)st; and in the course of 100 years the Consulate t onsul Augustin \Y. Ferrin, Mrs. Phyllis Patton, has moved only three times. So Mr. Sprague Mrs. John Russi of Tangier, Mr. and Mrs. Harry has been able to preserve intact his heritage of J. King, and Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Norton. choice old furniture. And in this unusual set¬ Among the congratulations received by Mr. ting the Hronze Tablet i- appropriately placed. Sprague were letters from the Secretary of State, It is in perfect harmony with its surroundings. and other high officials of the Department, and (httside in the sun on the morning of April .10, also letters and telegrams from a large number a light wind from the Straits held the Hag strain¬ of American diplomatic and consular officers, U. ing at its halyards, unfolded to the full length of S. Naval officers, prominent business men, and its red and white stri|>es. Inside the Consulate friends now scattered around practically the another flag framed the gift of the Service to whole world, who had not forgotten the day that Mr. Sprague and there he received the congratula¬ marked the Sprague centenary. tions of his friends. It was 11 o'clock when Mr. Blake, the American Diplomatic Agent and Con¬ sul General at Tangier, addressed the assembled A HUNDRED YEARS ON A ROCK guests, hut as his speech was given in the pre¬ />v RICHARD FORD, American Consul, Seville vious issue of the JOURNAL it is not necessary to repeat it here. hrnni the lofty glass-enclosed balcony of Dick Mr. Sprague in responding expressed his very Sprague'- home the consulate was moved to its sincere thanks and high appreciation of the kind present location on Mediterranean Terrace in references made to his ancestors and himself and Library Gardens in 1926—one looks down on the for the high honor paid him on this memorial day most cosmopolitan town in Europe, a crowded which he would ever rememlier with pride and collection of colorless houses pushed out to the happiness. 1 le went on to acknowledge the "in¬ water's edge and pressing bravely a little way up valuable assistance, courteous treatment and facil¬ the face of the Rock. The place has changed but ities" which have always Iwcn extended to him little since it- rebuilding following the great siege by the Government of Gibraltar and it' officials. of 1779-83. After all. it is difficult to do much in On behalf of the Consular Corps of Gibraltar the way ot expansion when one has only the nar¬ the Dean (don Antonio Suquc y Sucona, Consul row apron of a cliff upon which to build. To be General of Spain), presented Mr. Sprague with sure, new homes and buildings and hotels are a fine telescope and tripod mounting. In the built from time to time, and for a brief while they course of his address, the Consul General said it shine brightly from their drab background. But was hoped that this gift would serve as a souvenir presently, .succumbing to the sticky “ Levante" that of the day and as evidence of the affection in blows across from the Sahara and the blistering which Mr. Sprague was held by the Consular sun of Andalusia and the damp veil which seems Corps of Gibraltar. In a few well chosen words, perpetually to hover over Gibraltar, they merge Mr. Sprague said that he would ever treasure into the colorless crowd of squat structures, be¬ this kind gift, and that it had always I wen an come a part of the gray rock to which they cling. honor and pleasure to cooperate with his esteemed A maze of narrow streets writhe about hap- colleagues of the local corps. hazardou-ly. Courteous British police direct a At the buffet luncheon which was then served, heterogeneous collection of pedestrians and ve¬ and at which a nunilwr of distinguished guests hicles, signalling them not only hack and forth were present, the Governor of Gibraltar, General but up and down as well. Far above, the Rock Sir A. J. Godley, in proposing a toast to Mr. looms down, bald here and there where the scant Sprague said that an expression of his popularity verdure has been scraped away to provide water was evidenced in the desire of the people of so catchment areas, pierced with the old gunports of many places to claim him as one of their own! the many galleries honeycombing the place and The Governor concluded by congratulating Mr. which now have largely been discarded—a well Sprague upon the extraordinary and enviable rec¬ advertised synonym for strength, a massive out¬ ord of the Sprague family at Gibraltar. cropping of enduring granite. in the afternoon, Mr. Sprague’s many friends But granite decomposes. Houses crumble. The 276 Do not give a false value to social position or centennial Celebration, will be coined in large be influenced by titles in monarchical countries. enough quantities to satisfy a normal demand, of¬ Do not permit your judgment, your ideals of ficials of the Treasury have informed the United life or your Americanism to be affected by the States George Washington Bicentennial Commis¬ attentions of an aristocratic society. sion. It is expected that the quarter will be ready Never permit society to interfere with your of¬ for distribution in July. ficial duties. The design of the new coin was approved by Be guarded in your choice of friends and as¬ Secretary of the Treasury Ogden L. Mills from sociates. more than a hundred models, many of them sub¬ mitted by leading American artists. It was exe¬ Avoid making confidences or repeating scandal. cuted by John Flanagan, New York sculptor and Report to your chief information which you the designer of the Department of Agriculture may consider of value to him or the Government. World War Memorial. Live modestly and always within your means. The George Washington quarter is the first coin Do not borrow or loan money. of regular issue ever to bear the image of the Keep out of debt. First President. It was authorized by special act Remember that the Government is watching of Congress making it possible for the Treasury your conduct and career, and that merit always to share in the Bicentennial Celebration. counts. As a coin of regular issue the George Washing¬ Remember that your future is in your own ton quarter will replace the 25-cent piece now in hands and not in the hands of your friends at circulation. No other quarter dollar will be coined home. for the next 25 years unless authorized by special act of Congress. NEW BICENTENNIAL QUARTER DOLLAR Minted at San Francisco, Denver, and Phila¬ COINED delphia, the coins will be placed in circulation The new George Washington quarter dollar, to through the regular channels of the Federal Re¬ be issued by the United States Treasury as a fea¬ serve Banks, and will appear simultaneously in all ture of the nation-wide George Washington Bi¬ parts of the country.

STAFF OF AMERICAN CONSULATE, TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS Seated, center, Consul Gaston Smith. Standing, left to right: Foreign Clerk Mr. Jose J. Espinosa, Vice Consul R. Austin Acly, Foreign Clerk Miss Margarita Guillen, American Clerk Antonio Certosimo, and Mes¬ senger Harold Wilson 279 Lansing’s Advice to F oreign Service Officers

M R. R( )HKKT LANSING, when Secretary Be as useful to your chief as possible. of State, was ill at home for a few days Do not discuss your chief’s official or private in 1916, and scribbled, as he put it, some conduct with anyone. advice to his nephew, who had just entered the Do not criticize your Government’s policies or Service. I’pon his return to the Department he its high officials. showed it to Mr. Mile- M. Shand, then a memlx*r of the Hoard of Examiners for the Diplomatic Never listen to anyone who -peaks disparag¬ Service, who suggested that the advice l>c issued ingly of your country or your Government. and handed to each new diplomatic secretary, and Avoid discussing American domestic politics this was done for a while. Mr. I^ansing’s advice with foreigners. is now given to the entire Service for the first Suppress any partisan political feelings which time: you may have. Be American first, last and all the time. RetnemlxT that you are serving the present Do nothing to cast discredit on your country. Administration. Be neat in dress and ap(>earance. Never write for publication without permission Be courteous to all. from the Department. Be discreet in s|>eech and conduct. Remember that all Americans are your fellow Keep your temper always. citizens and treat them accordingly. Be industrious, studious, thorough and punc¬ Observe carefully the social customs and con¬ tual. form strictly to the etiquette of the country where Be loyal to your chief. you are stationed.

AMI'.RICAN CONSUI.ATK AND RKS1DRNCK, TKC.UCIC.Al-PA, HONDURAS 27K Released for publication June 4, 1932 The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since May 28: Security (Steel) Vans Frank W. Barnes, of Helena, Ark.. American Vice Consul at Sofia, Bulgaria, resigned effective May 18, 1932. Save cost both in packing and Sheldon L. Crosby, of New York City, now Counselor of Embassy at Madrid, Spain, designated Counselor of freight charges. Minimize risk of Embassy at Warsaw, Poland. Andrew W. Edson, of Meriden, Conn., now American breakage, theft, pilferage, mis¬ Vice Consul at Tientsin, China, assigned Vice Consul at Mukden, China. placement, water damage. Save Julian C. Door, of New York City, now American time and loss of use at both Consul at Barbados, British West Indies, detailed to the Department of State for duty. ends of the journey. They are Joseph T. Gilman, of Cambridge, Mass., now Ameri¬ can Consul at Beirut, Svria, resigned effective May 28, of American manufacture and 1932. ownership. John Hubner, II, of Baltimore, Md., American Vice Consul at Mukden, China, assigned Vice Consul at Tientsin. Send enquiries to Paris office Robert Y. Jarvis, of Los Angeles, Calif., American Consul assigned to Calcutta, India, now on leave in the (carbon copy to Washington if United States, assigned Consul at Barbados, British West convenient) for vans in Europe, Indies. and to Washington for vans John C. Wiley, of Indianapolis, Ind., Counselor of Embassy at Warsaw, Poland, temporarily designated elsewhere. Counselor of Embassy at Berlin, Germany, designated Counselor of Embassy at Madrid, Spain. Government Service Policy Non-Career and Marine Insurance The American Consular Agency at East London. Union of South Africa, will be closed Jung 30, 1932, The Insurance Department of the and the resignation of Mr. George C. Starkey, the Con¬ Security Storage Company, Washington, sular Agent, becomes effective that date. issues a special policy for Foreign Serv¬ ice Officers, covering fire, burglary, theft, Released for Publication June 18, 1932 risks of transportation, also war, riot and The following changes have occurred in the civil commotion, and cyclone, tornado and Foreign Service since June 4, 1932: earthquake. George L. Brandt, of Washington, D. C., now Ameri¬ can Consul at Cologne, Germany, assigned Consul a. Genoa, Italy. Thomas D. Davis, of McAlester, Okla., now American J&rurif'g J&oragp (jornpang Consul at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, assigned Consul at Stavanger, Norway. Established 1890 as the Storage Department George Orr, of Atlantic City, N. J., now American American Security and Trust Company Consul at Stavanger, Norway, assigned Consul at Caracas, Venezuela. 1140 Fifteenth St. Cable “Storage” Elvin Seibert, of New York City, assigned American WASHINGTON, D. C. , Vice Consul at Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, and now detailed to the Department of State for duty, assigned European Office Vice Consul at Southampton, England. John Q. Wood, of Honolulu, Hawaii, American Consul 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, PARIS at Strasbourg, France, retired, effective June 30, 1932. Cable “Medium” Non-Career A safe depository for over 41 years for house¬ Worthington E. Hagerman, of Carmel, Indiana, now hold goods, silverware, works of art, furs, American Vice Consul at Boulogne-sur-Mer, appointed clothing, tapestries, rugs, automobiles Vice Consul at Nantes, France. and luggage Raymond Lanctot, of Richmond, Va., American Vic^ Consul at Vancouver, Canada, died at his post on June Storage, Moving and Shipping 3. 1932. - Bolard Moore, of Delaware, Ohio, American Vic' C. A. ASPINWALL, President Consul at Santo Domingo, Dominican republic, ap¬ pointed Vice Consul at Port au Prince, Haiti. 281 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES Consul at Caracas. Venezuela, and now on leave in the United States, assigned Consul at North Bay, Canada. Released for publication, May 21, 1922 The following changes have occurred in the Non-Career Foreign Service since May 14. 1922: George C M inoi, of Charleston, W. Va., now Ameri¬ can Vice Consul at Cologne, Germany, and David H. Eugene L. Belisle, of Massachusetts, a Foreign Serv¬ Slawson, of Greenville, Mich., American Vice Consul at ice Officer,, Retired, died at Worcester, Mass., on May Paris, assigned for duty in the newly established Dis¬ 2. 1922. trict Accounting and Disbursing Office at Paris, France, William C. Burdett, of Knoxville, Tcnn., now Ameri¬ and will have commissions as Vice Consul at that post. can Consul General at Callao-Lima, Peru, was confirmed Jones R. Trowbridge, of Augusta, Ga„ American Vice as a Diplomatic Secretary by the Senate on April 2*1. Consul at Rotterdam, , now in the United 1922, and has been designated to the Embassy at Lima States on leave, appointed Vice Consul at Maracaibo, as First Secretary in addition to his consular duties. Venezuela. John M. Cabot, of Cambridge, Mass., now on leave The services of Carter R. Whittaker, American Vice in the United States, designated Third Secretary of Em¬ Consul at Foochow, China, now in the United States on bassy at Rio de Janeiro, his assignment as Third Secre¬ leave, terminated effective May 21, 1922. tary of Legation at Guatemala having been canceled. The services of C. Franklin Yeager, Jr.. American Carlos C. Hall, of Flagstaff, Ariz., now American \ ice Consul at Patras. Greece, now in the United States Vice Consul at Panama, Panama, assigned Vice Consul on leave, terminated effective May 21, 1922. at Valparaiso, Chile. Morris N. Hughes, of Champaign. III., now American Vice Consul at Athens, Greece, assigned \ ice Consul at Atliens, Greece, assigned Vice Consul at Baghdad. Iraq. Edward P. Lawton, of Savannah, Ga.. Third Secre¬ tary of Legation at Athens, Greece, now temporarily detailed to the Department of State, designated Third Banking Service Secretary of legation at Guatemala, his assignment as Third Secretary of legation at Quito, Ecuador, having been canceled. To Foreign Service Officers Orsen N. Nielsen, of Beloit, Wis.. a Foreign Service Officer detailed to tlic Department of State, was con¬ < firmed by tlic Senate on May 19, 1922, as a Secretary . £Y, in tin- Diplomatic Service. Released for publication May 2X. 1922 With over forty-one years experience in hanking and trust The following changes have occurred in the business, we offer every financial Foreign Service since May 21, 1922: facility to those in the Foreign Frank Bohr, of Edna, Kails., American Consul at Mex¬ Service. icali, Mexico, assigned Consul at Sault Ste. Marie, Canada. Howard A. Bowman, of Clyde. N. V., American Con¬ A banking connection in Wash¬ sul at Sault Ste. Marie, Canada, assigned Consul at ington. D. C„ with this Institu¬ Mexicali, Mexico. tion will be a source of satisfac¬ Robert Y Brown, of Dothan, Ala., now American tion while on duty at a foreign Vice Consul and Third Secretary of Legation at Bagh¬ |X)St. dad, lra<|, assigned Vice Consul at Cairo, Egypt. Howard Buckncll, Jr., of Atlanta, Ga., now detailed to the Department of State, and until recently Second Secretary of Legation at Panama, Panama, designated Second Secretary of Legation at Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Alfred Winslow Jones, of New York City, American Vice Consul at Berlin, Germany, and now in the United AMERICAN SECURITY States, resigned on May 17, 1922. l ' AN H TRUST C OMPAJLY ■ J E. Allan l.ightncr, Jr., of Mountain Dike, N. J„ - American Vice Consul at Valparaiso, Chile, assigned 15th and Penna. Ave. Vice Consul at Pernambuco, Brazil. Harvey Lee Milbourne, of Charles Town. W. Va., Four Branches American Consul at Cologne, Germany, and now in the Capital, $3,400,000 United States on home leave, assigned American Con¬ Surplus, $2,400,000 sul at Quebec, Canada. Walter H. Schoellkopf, of Buffalo, N. Y., Foreign WASHINGTON’S LARGEST Service Officer detailed to the Department of State, des¬ ignated Second Secretary of Legation at Vienna, TRUST COMPANY Austria. Henry C. Von Struve, of Plainview, Tex., American 280 IN MEMORIAM The untimely death of Raymond Lanctot, American Vice Consul, occurred at Vancouver, J/o„r SHOPPING... B. C., on June 3, 1932. Mr. Lanctot was born W e know all the NewY ork shops, their mer= at Syracuse, N. Y., February 5, 1895. After chandise, styles and economical ways to buy. serving in the Department of the Interior from We will shop with you when in NewYork, or 1918 to 1919, he became secretary to Mr. Jan will purchase and ship to you. Alcmbcrs of Masaryk, charge d’affaires ad interim of Czecho¬ the Foreign Service arc finding our shopping bureau convenient. Send for our literature. slovakia, who was that country’s first diplomatic representative to the United States, in Washing¬ WhconsTn MRS. LEWIS MIDDLETON ton and Paris from 1919 to 1923. In February, 7 = 168 3 366Fifth Avenue,NewYork.N.y. 1927, Mr. Lanctot was appointed clerk in the American Consulate at Saigon, Cochin China, after a few months being commissioned as Vice Consul. His next post was at Surabaya, Java, And they will say of me, “she is so slow: in 1929, but on account of ill health he was trans¬ “We need her here to drive that other hill, “Let’s call”: And I shall hear ghost whistles ferred to Vancouver, B. C., in April, 1931. Mr. blow. Lanctot has been ill recently for several weeks. Interment was at Ocean View Burial Park, THE BORDERLAND Vancouver, on June 5, and the services were at¬ There is a mystic borderland that lies tended by Consul General Ely E. Palmer and Just past the limits of our workaday world, other members of the staff, as also by a number And it is peopled with the friends we met of friends and members of the Vancouver Con¬ And loved, a year, a month, a week, or day, And parted from with aching hearts, yet knew sular Corps. Though Mr. Lanctot had not been That through the distance we must loose the hold long at Vancouver, he had endeared himself to Of hand with hand, and only clasp the thread many, as was evidenced by the many expressions Of memory. But still so close we feel this land. of sympathy and regret received by Consul Gen¬ So sure we are that these same hearts are true, That when in waking dreams there comes a call eral Palmer. That sets the thread of memory aglow, We know that just by stretching out the hand— A simple yet impressive memorial service in In written word of love, or book, or flower, honor of the late Mr. Ransford S. Miller, former The waiting hand will clasp our own once more American Consul General at Seoul, Korea, was Across the distance, in the same old way. held in that city on May 17, 1932, under the —Helen Field Fischer. auspices of the International Friendly Associa¬ tion. Among those present were Consul General COURAGE John K. Davis, and a number of local officials. Courage is the price that life exacts for granting peace Appreciating the thoughtful action of the Inter¬ The soul that knows it not, knows no release From little things: national Friendly Association in promoting a Knows not the livid loneliness of fear, memorial meeting in honor of her father, Miss Nor mountain heights where bitter joy can hear Lillian Miller, the eldest daughter of Mr. and The sound of wings. Mrs. Miller, sent the following poem to he read How can life grant us boon of living, compensate at the meeting: For dul gray ugliness and pregnant hate Unless we dare IN MEMORIAM The soul's dominion? Each time we make a choice, we pay (By Lillian Miller) With courage to behold resistless day "Good Hunting” (R. S. M., Biddy & Poll Salute:) And count it fair. Hmelic Earhart Putnam. I, who have played with words as jeweled sand Or polished pebbles glistening in the sun, Am silent now he goes to an unknown land. The Executive Committee of the Association has received a letter dated Paris, France, June 14, I. who would wish to carve one loveliest song signed by Consul General Keena and nine other To grace his memory with all my skill, consular officers heartily endorsing the proposed Find myself wooden-handed, weak, not strong. resolution to establish an American Foreign Serv¬ But this I sense, that some far hunting ground ice Association Scholarship Fund. A general busi¬ Now knows him with two happy pups at heel. ness meeting of the Association called for June 28 Even though their footsteps make no earthly sound. is to pass upon this matter. 28.1 only for the effort and industry involved in this Perfection in study, hut also for her ability. FLOWERS -INI E 1889 BIRTHS 43 YEARS ACO A son, Edward Joseph Phelan, was liorn at Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, on May 4. 1932, to He Telegraph Flowers Vice Consul and Mrs. George R. Phelan. Gude Bros. Co. % ASHING ION. I), c. A daughter, Marlene McGregor, was Ixirn on I'HONK NATIONAL 427s May 25, 1932, to \ ice Consul and Mrs. Robert Main Store 1212 F Street N. IV. Gardner McGregor, Jr., at Antwerp, Belgium. Tltrrr Itranch Flower Shopi MARRIAGES I .awton-Rounds. Married at Cannondale. Swift Yaughtcr, of Elberton, (ia„ American Vice Con sul at Puerto Cortes. Honduras, appointed Vice Consu t onn.. on May 21. 1932, Edward P. Lawton and at Barranquilla, Colombia. Miss Elizabeth Rounds, of New York Citv. Mr. The American Consular Agency at Tuxpan, Mexico Lawton has been appointed Third Secretarv of will IK* closed at the earliest practicable date, tlx* service.* legation at Guatemala Citv. of the Consular Agent. Mr. Tiny R. Howard, terminat¬ ing on tlx* closing of the Agency. All records an! archives will lx* transferred to tlx* Consulate at Tampico \\ illiams-McDortald. Married at Saltillo, Mex¬ The American Consulate at Boulognc-sur-Mcr. France, ico. on Max 21. 1932, Arthur R. W illiams and will lx* closed June 30, 1932, all archives and records t • be transferred to Calais, France. Miss Mary Isliel McDonald, of Saltillo, Mexico. Mr. Williams is Nice Consul at Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. An oral examination for subordinates in the Foreign Service was held in the Department on Phillips-Pilson. Married at Leny Manor, W ar- lune 14. Six candidates presented themselves. Intt renton, \ a.. Roltert J. Phillips and Miss Mar¬ none was successful. garet Pilson. daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Maurice Pilson, of Washington and W’arretiton. Mr. At a meeting on June 16 of the Hoard of Ex¬ Phillips is an officer in the Foreign Service of the aminers for the Foreign Service it was decided to Department of Commerce and is Assistant Chief hold the written part of the Foreign Service ex¬ of the Foreign Buildings Office, Department of amination on Septemlx-r 26-2X. 1932. State.

CONSUL’S WIFE COMMENDED Rose-Ashburn. Married at Vera Cruz, Mexico, June 4, 1932, Nice Consul Halleck L. Rose and The value of a knowledge of the language of a Miss Ann Virginia Ashburn, daughter of Col. and country, in making and maintaining contacts by Mrs. Percy M. Ashburn, Washington, D. C. Foreign Service officers and their wives with the people of the country where the officer is stationed, was some time ago the subject of an instruction HONOR ROLL from the Department (File No. 120.2-6a, Janu¬ Arrangements for the designing and construc¬ ary 25. EGO), and it is of interest to note that tion of tite Honor Roll Tablet of the American Mrs. J. Hall Paxton, wife of Mr. Paxton, then at¬ Foreign Service have been receiving careful con¬ tache for language study at the American Lega¬ sideration, and it is hoped soon to report som * tion at Peiping, and now Consul at the American definite action. Following the publication of the Consulate General, Canton, was on February 29, proposed Honor Roll in the February issue of the 1932, at the time her husband took his final ex¬ JOURNAL, several suggestions for additional amination in the Chinese language, also examined names were received, and it has been found, after in the reading of Chinese, oral translation thereof, careful research, proper to include them. The and oral interpreting. The examiners reported amended list will be published in an early issue, that Mrs. Paxton’s work had been very satisfac¬ so as to give opportunity for comment or cor¬ tory, and the Department has commended her, not rection. 282 business education. Among the topics to be dis¬ cussed are: Cooperation between business and in¬ stitutions offering business courses, training for foreign trade and other specialized fields, business Hotel Martinique ethics, business research, modern office equipment, SIXTEENTH STREET AT M and commercial teacher training. Due to the rapidly changing social and economic WASHINGTON, D. C. conditions throughout the world, the congress pro¬ poses to emphasize, the newer social and institu¬ Situated on beautiful Sixteenth Street, five blocks north tional factors affecting business education. Au¬ of the White House and Department of State, THE MARTINIQUE has long been recognized as the favorite thorities of the respective countries will discuss Washington hotel of visiting Foreign Service officers and the necessity of broadening the scope of business their families. training, causes and effects of the increasingly large number of women in business, and the recog¬ A 25% DISCOUNT FROM ROOM nition that all citizens be provided with general CHARGES IS ALLOWED MEM¬ business information. The interchange of busi¬ BERS OF THE FOREIGN ness teachers and students to develop a better un¬ SERVICE derstanding among future business men and women will be discussed. SINGLE ROOMS, FROM $3.00 THE DAY DOUBLE ROOMS, FROM $4.00 THE DAY Sir Francis Goodenough, one of the leading Weekly and monthly rates in business men in England and president of the proportion British Association for Commercial Education in a special invitation to American business men and EVERY ROOM HAS PRIVATE BATH teachers, states: Illustrated brochure will be furnished upon request “The subjects to be considered have at no time been of more general interest or more vital importance to the L. R. HAWKINS, Manager welfare of the world than they are today. The economic disturbances which are affecting all civilized countries have thrown sharply into focus the necessity for a clearer understanding of the forces governing international trade. Commercial education has acquired a new importance only such as any employe might incur between home and a wider implication.” and place of duty, is not reimbursable on a mileage basis under the act of February 14, 1931, 46 Stat. 1103, as it is not “travel” aw'ay from designated head¬ ABSTRACTS OF IMPORTANT DECISIONS quarters. May 7, 1932. OF THE COMPTROLLER GENERAL Mileage for use of privately owned automobile. (A- Telephones in Private Residences—Embassies. (A- 42101.) 41374.) The act of February 14, 1931, 46 Stat. 1103, authorizing The use of appropriated moneys in payment for tele¬ payment for the use of a privately owned automobile phone service in that portion of the Government- on official travel on a mileage basis, limits such owned embassy building assigned as residence quar¬ payment to the employe’s “own automobile,” and pay¬ ters for the ambassador is in contravention of section ment on a mileage basis may not, therefore, be made 7, act of August 23, 1912, 37 Stat. 414. The fact that to a civilian employe for the use of his wife’s car. any particular field officer or employe did not know See 11 Comp. Gen. 118. May 10, 1932. of the provisions of said act until 1931 furnishes no justification for allowance of credit in his accounts for payment contrary to provision of said act. 3-26-32. Retirement—Service credit for period receiving com¬ GOOD NEWS pensation under Employes’ Compensation Act. (A- For Foreign Service Officers 41924.) In computing length of service under the Civil Retire¬ Life Insurance in one of America’s ment Act, there should be excluded all periods from oldest and best Life Insurance Com¬ and after the date of an official rating of permanent total disability specifically authorized to be made panies is now available at standard rates. under any Federal statute, whether the name of the Write for Details. employe has or has not been dropped from the rolls of the department under which employed. April 30, 1932. EARLE W. SAPP Mileage- Headquarters—Use of own automobile. (A- Chartered Life Underwriter 42146.) Daily transportation in personally owned automobile 403 Colorado Building, Washington, D. C. between headquarters and place of lodging, being 285 York; Consul General Frank P. Lockhart (Tient¬ sin), to San Francisco, Birmingham, Chicago, and Houston; Consul General George S. Messersmith (Berlin), to New York and Boston; Vice Consul Charles S. Reed, II (Taihoki), to Indianapolis Corner IG1I1 and Eye Streets. N. W. and San Diego; Consul Lester L. Sehnare (Ham¬ burg), to San Francisco and Chicago; and Consul Alfred R. Thomson (Manchester), to Philadel¬ phia and New York.

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE The following personal notes as to the foreign representatives of the Department of Commerce have I teen received in a communication dated June 14. 1632, from the Foreign Service Division Bu¬ reau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, De¬ Only three minutes from the State, Wat partment of Commerce: and Navy Departments, the White The extension of the coordination agreement between House, and all Clubs, and is the consular officers abroad and the trade promotion efforts center of all that is worth of tin Department of Commerce, together with the need of economy, lui' necessitated the closing of five foreign while offices Barcelona. Bombay. . Milan, and Win- ni|H-g Several changes in personnel are being made in SPECIAL RATES connection with the closing of these offices: Trade Com¬ T< » THE DIPI/ i.MATIC AND missioner J. B. Richards is being transferred from Bom¬ CONSULAR SERVICE bay to Calcutta: Trade Commissioner J. E. Peebles, from Melbourne to Sydney: Trade Commissioner I. H. Taylor, from Milan to Vienna, where he will make his headquarters for automotive investigations in south and central Europe; Assistant Trade Commissioner John M. Kennedy, from Milan to Rome; Trade Commissioner John E. Embry, from Winnipeg to Vancouver, at which U. S. NAVAL ATTACHES post he will succeed Trade Commissioner Babbitt as head of that office: Assistant Trade Commissioner A. The Director of Naval Intelligence, Navy De- Probcrt, from Winnipeg to Montreal; Assistant Trade j)artment, in a communication dated June 2. 1933, Commissioner William Sargent, from Montreal to Van¬ kindly gave the following change in the list of couver; and Assistant Trade Commissioner Alma H. Cramer, from Barcelona to Madrid. United States Naval Attaches credited to foreign Mr. George L. Jones who has been a member of the countries (see list published in the JOURNAL of London staff since October. 1930, has just been trans¬ March. 1932): ferred to Cairo vice Assistant Trade Commissioner Gabriel Eerrante, who has l>een returned to the United Commander Cleveland McCauley, U. S. Navv, States. relieved Captain C. C. llartigan, U. S. Navy, as Naval Attache, Peiping, China, on June 1, 1932. Commander Cauley's date of rank is July 1, 1926. CONGRESS ON COMMERCIAL EDUCATION Tin* United States Government has accepted an TRADE DETAILS invitation extended by the British Government to The Division of Foreign Service Administra¬ participate in the Twelfth International Congress tion reports that during the period from May 14 on Commercial Education to be held in London l to June 14, 1932, the officers named below were during the last week of July, l >32, according to sent on the following trade details or conferences: information received today by Mr. J. (4. Malott, Consul General Arthur Garrels (Tokyo), to Specialist in Commercial Education, United States San Francisco, Houston, and Birmingham; Con¬ (Iffice of Education, Washington, D. C. The sul Frederick W. Hinkc (Canton), to San Fran¬ Prince of Wales will address the congress. cisco, Indianapolis, Chicago, Akron, and la>s The purpose of the congress is to bring together Angeles; Consul General Wilbur J. Keblinger the leaders in secondary and higher education for (Sydney, ), to San Francisco, Birming¬ business from the various countries to exchange ham, St. Louis, C hicago, Milwaukee, and New ideas about outstanding problems and practices in 284 engendered by this traditional policy toward our neighbor nations. The American Standard Respectfully submitted: ASA G. BRIGGS, .. • highest in the world Chairman. of luxury WALLACE M. ALEXANDER, Vice Chairman. when you sail ARTHUR S. BENT, D. CHAUNCEY BREWER, on ships that ABEL DAVIS, fly your flag J. J. DONOVAN, LOUIS I. DUBLIN, C. S. DUNCAN, Special consideration given to offi¬ GEORGE S. HARRIS, cials in U. S. Government services O. W. KILLAM, The great liners that fly can standard of living, E. G. PETERSON, your own flag offer you the highest in the world. GEORGE RANDLES, E. every comfort, convenience Those who demand the LEONARD P. REAUME, and service that any ship very finest will find just WM. H. WOODIN. can offer, plus the Ameri¬ that on these great ships. Resolutions adopted by the Forty-first Conti¬ S. S. Leviathan nental Congress, National Society Daughters of S. S. President Harding S. S. President Roosevelt the American Revolution, April 18-23, 1932. Regular sailings to and from principal north European and British porta S. S. Manhattan SUPPLEMENTARY AND SUSTAINING RESOLUTION (Largest American-built liner—Maiden voyage Aug. 10) ON THE ALIEN Also four American Merchant Liners in weekly service from N. Y. direetto London Whereas the Forty-first Continental Congress of the Daughters of the American Revolution UNITED * STATES * LINES AMERICAN MERCHANT LINES deeply appreciates the action of President Hoover Roosevelt Steamship Company, Inc., General Agents and the Secretaries of State and Labor which dur¬ No. 1 Broadway, New York Offices and agents everywhere ing the past year and one-half has resulted in re¬ ducing immigration to a small proportion of what it has been in previous years, and the fact that the Secretary of Labor, the Committee on Immi¬ under the direction of Secretary of Labor W. N. gration of the and the House Doak there has been greatly increased activity in of Representatives Committee on Immigration the matter of the deporting from the United and Naturalization. States unlawfully resident aliens and especially those who are affiliated with organizations the purpose of which is to overthrow the Government INFORMATION REGARDING PROPOSED of the United States by force and violence, and IMMIGRATION LEGISLATION other criminal aliens; and there is a tendency on The following minority report on H. R. 11552, the part of the Department of Labor and the entitled: “To provide for review of the action of Courts to more strictly enforce our highly impor¬ Consular Officers in refusing immigration visas” tant naturalization laws in order that only those is believed will be of interest to officers in the aliens who are competent and willing to accept field: the responsibility of American citizenship fully and without reservation of any sort may be granted MINORITY REPORT that privilege; now: Therefore be it' (To accompany H. R. 11552) Resolved, 1 hat it is the sense of this Continental Purpose of Legislation Congress that there be no relaxation of such com¬ The bill would change the procedure provided in the mendable efforts on the part of the Administra¬ immigration act of 1924 to determine the eligibility o' tion, since additional legislation is needed to aliens to receive visas for admission to the United States. sustain and strengthen its efforts to enforce our The determination of admissibility in the case of alien relatives of American citizens would be shifted from the immigration, deportation and naturalization laws, consular office in the field, where the alien resides, where that such legislation should be forthcoming; and the evidence is available, where the investigation is made it is ordered that copies of this resolution be for¬ and where the main facts relative to his admissibility can be found (as provided under the present law) to the Sec¬ warded to the President, the Secretary of State, retary of State at Washington. 287 World’s Largest Operators of IMMIGRATION Multi-Engined Air Transports Resolution recommended by the Immigration Committee, Chamber of Commerce of the United 20,166 Miles of Ainrays—Flying orer 100,000 Miles States, in March, 1932: Every Week We commend the State Department for its prompt and timely action in bringing about through administrative action under existing law the emergency exclusion of immigrants whose entry might aggravate existing conditions in this country. If. however, in the judgment of Con¬ gress legislation is needed to give additional sanc¬ tion to this accomplishment, such legislation should be frankly of an emergency character to continue in effect for a specified period of not more than three years. The enactment of perma¬ nent measures effecting major changes in our im¬ H, lu .vn '(/ntfi*tl Mu f * \ Mryic l/Vsf India' migration policy should await opportunity for de- Cent raf and^oum rAmerica )iIterate study of the effects in normal times of HOAKI) OF DIRECTORS the country’s present restriction policy and should David K. E. Bruce, S. Sloan Colt. Mcrian C. Cooper, E. A. aim at putting into effect principles which will Lyman Drlano. Sherman M Fairchild. G. B. Groavenor. Richard F. Hoyt. Ixonard Kennedy. Robert Ixhman, Grover promote the country’s welfare over a period of Ixa*nintr. It. K. Mellon. Gwirft Mixtrr. E. O. McDonnell. Fred years. B Rratarhltr, J. T. Trlppa, Wa H VftndtrbUt, < \ W1 J. H. Whitney. In the 1 ‘>24 Immigration Law Congress reaf¬ President and General Manager J. T. TRIPPE. firmed our traditional policy of neighborliness to¬ Aftiontnnt to Preaidant E. E. WYMAN h hi al Adviaor COl.ONKI CHARI KS A I IM >L LID ill ward W estern Hemisphere countries by specifi- Vice Pre*ident in Charge of Foreign Department—EVAN E. YOUNG. cally exempting them from quota restriction. W e CENBRAL OFFICES: 122 East 42d Street. NEW YORK CITY would stress again at this time the great impor¬ tance of maintaining unimpaired the good will

STAFF, AMERICAN CONSULATE, BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA, MARCH, 1932 Seated, left to right: Milorad M. Jevdjovich, Vice Consul John I . ltd non, Consul Seed Paige Clark, (Miss) .■Utna Hvreinoff. Milan P. Hailcli. Standing, left to ri/lit: Vlajko Petrovich (janitor), (Mrs.) Angeline Pav¬ lovich, Kisto Mitich (messenger), (Mrs.) Catherine G tdim-l.evkovicli. (Mrs.) Sophie A ossikovsky, (Mrs.) Alla (’. Krivsky, (Mrs.) Vida Petrovich (janitress), Velihor P. Stojanovich 286 of lawfully admitted alien residents of this country are ments in all languages submitted by aliens under the liberally covered by instructions issued by the Depart¬ requirements of the immigration laws. ment of State for the guidance of consular officers. In Aliens disappointed by an unfavorable decision by the these instructions consular officers have been informed board of review would be encouraged to resubmit their that since such cases differ from those of pioneer immi¬ cases with allegedly new evidence in the hope that event¬ grants in that there exists in the case of the relative a ually the visa would be issued. The Department of State moral and sometimes legal obligation and natural inclina¬ would become the focus of attention of lawyers who tion to prevent tbe member of his immediate family from derive a large part of their practice from foreign-born becoming a public charge, the alien relative should be citizens and aliens in our midst. Congressmen would be regarded as qualifying under the law if he shows by overwhelmed with petitions and appeals to exert their reliable evidence that his relative in this country has employment which is not likely to terminate and has in influence in behalf of some alien of whose real merits addition some margin of resources for use during temp >- they know absolutely nothing, and whose case has been rary disability. passed upon by competent officers of the Government having full knowledge of the facts of the case and act¬ It is cases of aliens who have failed to qualify under these simple and liberal requirements that the proposed ing in accordance with the provisions of our immigra¬ legislation would make subject to review. tion laws. Summary of Objections Impracticability of Administration 1. This bill is contrary to one of the fundamental prin¬ The provisions of this proposed legislation are imprac¬ ciples of and would weaken, the immigration act of 1924. ticable of administration. 2. It is unnecessary, since cases are passed upon by The Secretary of State or his representative, not hav¬ ing the alien before him, would lack the advantage of the competent officers of the Government, and are now sub¬ consular officer in the field who is able to interrogate and ject to an adequate review by the Department of State. cross-examine the alien in order to develop the true facts 3. It would necessitate additional expense at a time of the case, which frequently differ from the allegations when every effort should be made to save money. made in documents introduced in support of visa appli¬ 4. It is impracticable. cations. ALBERT JOHNSON As has been stated, it would be necessary to provide, CHARLES D. MILLARD at considerable expense, additional stenographic assist¬ J. WILL TAYLOR ance at consular offices abroad to prepare for the boards JOHN L. CABLE of review detailed records of consular examinations, A. M. FREE and additional translators to make translations of docu¬ THOMAS A. JENKINS

DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR OFFICERS

WILL ENJOY THE WILLARD £ £ with its large rooms, high ceilings and outside bath¬ £ rooms. Within the past few months the rooms have £ £ been newly decorated; with their bright and attractive £ £ chintzes, they are charming in appearance and provide £ the utmost in comfort. £ £ Single Rooms with Bath—$4 and upward £ Double Rooms with Bath—$6 and upward £ £ Unexcelled cuisine and service at very moderate prices £ £ in £ Main Dining Room and Coffee Shop £ A la carte and Table d’hote meals £ £ 25% discount on room charges to members of the £ £ United States Foreign Service £ £ £ On Famous Pennsylvania Ave. at Fourteenth and F Sts. £ £ Two BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE £ £ £ FRANK S. HIGHT, President £ £ £!££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££££X3 289 Changes in the Present Law Proposed by Ihis Hill No proposal to change this procedure was made prior This bill provides for aliens a procedure not available to the existing unemployment situation in the United to an American citizen residing abroad who desires to States, in tlx- light of which our consular officers have prove Ins right of admission to the United States. It i strictly and properly enforced the excluding provisions contrary to the main principle embodied in the immigra¬ of tin immigration laws, particularly those relating to tion act of 1924, selection of aliens abroad and in their aliens likely to become public charges. As a result of home country. It is unknown to American jurisprudence, this enforcement of our immigration laws, which has being in the form of an ex parte new trial before a had widespread approval throughout the country, over tribunal other than that laxly which heard tlx- case in 300,000 aliens who normally would have immigrated into the first instance; tlx- bill specifically authorizes the filing tlx- United States during the past 18 months, did not with the Secretary of State of additional evidence not enter the country to take jobs from American labor or to presented to or considered by the consul. add to tlx- ranks of the unemployed. The additional evidence which would lx- submitted to I he bill H. R. 11552 tends to weaken this enforcement the Secretary of State by the alien might lie of question¬ at a time when strict enforcement is more essential than able character. Tlx-re is no provision in the bill for the ever before. Secretary of State to investigate its autlx-nticity. No Proposed Legislation is Unnecessary provision is made to authorize tlx- Government to offer I here is neither necessity nor occasion for enacting evidence to rebut or disprove the alien's additional evi¬ legislation of this nature since an adequate review exists dence. It would have to lie taken as true. under tlx- present prcx-cdurc. In the principal immigra¬ Added Expenses Involved tion centers of Europe cases involving refusal of immi¬ gration visas arc passed upon by a board of consular If this bill is approved it will increase tlx- volume o officers, assisted by an immigration inspector of the work of the department charged with the responsibility I k |iartment of I-abor and a medical officer of the United of review, and it will lx- necessary to supplement existin • States Public Health Service. All these officers are well personnel to make up the boards of review adequate *• informed concerning the provisions of our immigration take care of the increase in work in the department. I* laws and liase their decisions to issue or refuse a visa will necessitate providing tlx- consular offices abroad with upon a careful consideration of all the circumstances of additional stenographic assistance of court qualification the individual case in tlx- light of those provisions. In to prepare for tlx- review detailed stenographic record- cases in which an alien is found to be excludable under of consular examinations and additional translators to the law. tlx- refusal of a visa must also be concurred in prepare translations of documents in all languages sub¬ by tlx- principal consular officers. Upon the submission mitted by aliens under the requirements of the immigra¬ of new and material evidence consular officers are always" tion laws. In addition to tlx- expense involved to meet willing to reconsider the case of an alien from whom a these needs, the utility of our consular officers will lie visa has been withheld. impaired. While thi law places tlx- responsibility upon the con¬ Contrary t Principles of Ael of 1924 sular officer for the issue or refusal of an immigration visa, the Department of State has always investigated Tlx* proposed legislation is contrary to one of the fun¬ tlx- limited number of allegations of improper action on damental principles of tlx- immigration act of 1924 tlx- part of the consular officer and, if found necessary tliat individual cases of aliens desiring to come to this issued appropriate instructions. The procedure provided country lie passed upon abroad. This principle, estab¬ 1 by the bill for review would allow less scope to the lished by section 2 If) of that act. lias been in successfu dejiartnx-nt, which under present practice may consider operation for nearly eight years, preventing the arrival all factors having a bearing upon tlx- case, in requesting and rejection at our ports of entry of thousands of inad¬ ;■ o-nsular officer to reconsider the visa application in missible aliens as occurred under our former immigration the light of an interpretative instruction. laws. Case- "f immediate relatives of American citizens and

ALIEN PROPKRTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad. New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreijtn Trade and Financial Adviser SO WALL STUFFT NFW YORK Cable Address: “Zielinski” All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

288 THE^MERICANpOKElGN gERVICE JOURNAL

4,651 studies, more than half of which are mas¬ ters’ and doctors’ theses, representing 368 institu¬ tions and organizations. The first of a series of publications on histories of education “The American Lyceum,” Bulletin 1932 No. 12, price 15 cents, has been delivered by the Government printer, as has been “Scholarships and Fellowships-Grants Available in United States Colleges and Universities,” Bulletin 1931 No. 15, price 30 cents. The latter bulletin lists 34,013 undergraduate as well as graduate stipends offered by 402 colleges and universities. Free: Office of Education handbook, telling the history, duties, and new publications of the office. Address the Commissioner of Education, Depart¬ ment of the Interior, Washington, D. C.

“SCALING UP” “Pink tooth brush” . . . Recently a Foreign Service Officer’s household effects were shipped to a certain small republic, I don’t lik(Lj and upon arrival were weighed separately by the two local official agencies which handled them— the looks of that —■ the customs office and the transport monopoly Your sums may bleed, slightly or occasionally, without causing There was a difference of 3 percent in their weight you any pain. Perhaps it would be better if they hurt you severely! assessment figures, while neither amount agreed For then you’d do something, immediately, about “pink tooth with the bill of lading from the despatch agency brush”—the first visible sign of a congested and unhealthy con¬ dition of your gums. at New York. However, they perceived no And. as your dentist will unhesitatingly confirm, “pink tooth necessity for checking their entries, as they ex¬ brush” is often the forerunner of stubborn troubles of the gums —gingivitis, Vincent’s disease—yes. even pyorrhea. plained that their figures “depend upon the Modern life encourages weak and flabby gums. The foods you eat are soft, and lack the stimulating roughage that keeps gums weighing scales used.” firm and healthy. The circulation of the blood within their walls grows languid, sluggish. Wastes clog the tiny cells, the gums break down—begin to bleed. LETTERS Rouse your gums tvith Ipana and massage! (This column will be devoted each month to the publication, cio wake up your gums! Massage them with Ipana when and in whole or in part, of letters to the Editor from members oj while you clean you teeth. Use either the brush or your the Association on topics of general interest. Such letters are finger. Spur the fresh, clean blood to swift circulation through to be regarded as expressing merely the personal opinion of the the tiny cells. Let it sweep away poisons and wastes. Regular writers and not necessarily the views of the JOURNAL, or of the brushing of the gums with Ipana will soon restore them to firm¬ Association.) ness, to hardness, to health! For Ipana contains ziratol—a preparation long used by the LA GUAIRA, VENEZUELA, May 21, 1932. profession for its efficiency in toning and invigorating tender gum tissue. DEAR MR. EDITOR : Ipana, as well, keeps your teeth flashing white. It has a de¬ As this section seems to have gone begging in recent lightfully refreshing taste. It gives to your whole mouth an issues, I am taking a turn by offering some suggestions instant and lasting feeling of cleanliness. aimed at injecting new life into the atrophied member. * * * Why not convert the column into a forum for the dis¬ Get a tube today, use this modern and scientific dentifrice for one full month. Note how much firmer and sounder your gums cussion of Foreign Service affairs? I mean a section are—how much whiter vour t:eth. for informal consultations and the exchange of helpful ideas, with a question box. Such a column, with con¬ Sold in all the principal cities of the world. tributions interspersed with lively editorial comment, and in so far as possible containing correct if not authori¬ tative answers to questions, would, in my opinion, make of it the most popular page of the JOURNAL. In addi¬ IPANA tion, the section would lend itself admirably for brief reviews of laws, etc., especially interpretative resumes with some background, such as origin and aim of reg¬ TOOTH PASTE ulations, etc. Timely comments of the Department on Bristol-Myers Co., 75 West Street, N. Y., U. S. A. various phases of work would also prove helpful to men 291 BOOK NOTES AMERICAN FOREIGN RELATIONS: 1931. Edited by Charles F. Howland and published The NEW Model No. 6 by the Yale University Press for the Council on Foreign Relations. 1931. $5. UNDERWOOD 1 be Saturday Review of Literature recently published the following: “ I here is a certain monotony in reviewing annual pub¬ STANDARD lications from year to year. There can hardly be any¬ thing startlingly unexpected about them. Yet these yearly volumes on Foreign Relations by the Council, of which IS HERE! this is the fourth, arc not merely annual reiterations of what has gone before. If there is any monotony involved, it is in the high order of merit which the editor and the staff of the Council have been able to maintain through¬ out the scries. “The series purports to consist of annual surveys. But thus far it has not developed along survey lines. The volumes might more accurately be entitled, “Studies in American Foreign Problems.” In previous numbers our interests in tlx- F'ar East, in the Caribbean, and in Europe have Ix-eu reviewed. In this volume Mexico predomi¬ nates, Limitation of Armaments and Post-war Financial Relations dividing the remainder of the pages. "I doubt if tlx-re has been published a more competent presentation of the various problems which have engaged the joint attention and sometimes the mutual hostility of the Department of State and the Mexican Foreign Office in recent years. Tlx- agrarian problem, the oil con¬ troversy, the debt question, immigration, international claims, and the issue between Church and State in Mexico, into which, in spite of its purely national char¬ Typewriter beauty is given a new significance . . . acter. our representatives have been drawn, all are speed and ease of operation a new meaning ... in the treated with singular fairness and adequacy. new model No. 6. For years the activities of the great "The subtle mathematics of naval disarmament are set Underwood Laboratories have been centered U|K>n it. out with earnestness and an evident desire to make them For months, details of its construction . . . the develop¬ dear. That they are not altogether so is the fault of the ment of its startling new features . . . the records of its figures and the diplomtic controversies hack of them revolutionary performance have been closely guarded ratlx-i than due to any failure in their presentation here secrets. Much the same may he said of the chapter on the Bank for International Settlements, tlx- German Mixed Claims But now, it is here . . . complete . . . proven ... its Commission, and the American War Claims against period of engineering, testing and checking behind it Austria and Hungary. ... its era of performance before it . . . ready, willing, "One notes with mingled gratitude for what lias been anxious to serve you . . . the New Underwood Standard accomplished and regret for the future, the closing sen¬ Typewriter. tence of the preface, ‘With this, the fourth volume, tlx- retiring Director brings to an end his work in the See the New Underwood Standard Model No. 6 at preparation of these Surveys.”’ our office ... or at your own office . . . today! NEW OFFICE OF EDUCATION PUBLICA¬ Underwood TIONS Sundard, Nortcle** and Portable Typewriter* — Bookkeeping Machine UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER COMPANY Several publications of tlie Federal Office of ()»IM« o> U*d«««W [IM »•**•* Education. Department of the Interior, have re¬ 1413 New York Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C. cently come from the press and are available from “SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE” the Superintendent of Documents, Government “UNOCRWOOO ILLtOTT r SHIH SUNOS!RANO—SPIT D THC WQttLO S tUStNCSS” Printing Office, Washington. D. C. Yerv new is “Recent 1 hoses in Education,’ pamphlet No. 26, price 10 cents, which gives an UNDERWOOD annotated list of 242 theses deposited with the Speeds the Worlds Business ()fficc of Education and available for loan. “Bibli¬ ography of Research Studies in Education: 1929- 1930,” Bulletin 1931 No. 13, price 85 cents, lists 290 EXTRA VALUES COUNT The Tire That 'Taught THRIFT to Millions LoW PRICES on tires is one thing—extra qual¬ ity at low prices is quite another. When you can get the Extra Values of Firestone’s two patented construction features—Gum Dipping and Two Extra Gum-Dipped Cord Plies Under the Tread—at no premium in price, you are getting the GUM-DIPPED CORDS The Firestone patented Gum-Dip¬ most in Safety and Mileage your money can buy. ping process transforms the cotton cords Prices for these extra quality tires are unbeliev¬ into a strong, tough, sinewy unit. Liquid rubber penetrates every cord and ably low today; in fact, the loicest ever known. coats every fiber, guarding against in¬ You oweit to thesafetyof your family and yourself ternal friction and heat, greatly increas¬ ing the strength of the cord body, and to equip your car with Firestone—the Strongest and giving longer tire life. Safest Tires you can buy at the prices youAvant to pay. TWO EXTRA Drive in today. The Firestone Service Dealer GUM-DIPPED CORD PLIES will show you sections qut from Firestone Tires— UNDER THE TREAD also special brand mail order tires and others—take This is a patented construction, and the them in your own hands and check the construc¬ two extra Gum-Dipped cord plies are so placed that you get 56% stronger tion for yourself. You and you alone l>e the Judge. bond between tread and cord body, and tests show 26% greater protection Then you will understand why Firestone Tires are against punctures and blowouts. It sets the outstanding preference^ of car ow ners. a new standard for tire performance on high speed cars. In these davs of thrifty buying—FIRESTONE NON-SKID TREAD EXTRA VALUES COUNT! Tough, live rubber specially compound¬ Listen to the "VOICE OF FIRESTONE" Every ed for long, slow wear. Scientifically Monday Night over N. B. C. Nationuide Netivork designed non-slrid gives greater trac¬ tion and safe, quiet performance. E CONSTRUCTION • QUALITY • PRICE

FIRESTONE FIRESTONE TIRE SIZE FIRESTONE FIRESTONE Oldfield Oldfield underscore Oldfield Oldfield Tlr**tOWe tminn nri MAKE Tirs MAKE Type Type denotes Type Type * Special Brand Ttredone Size Cash Price Cash Price OF CAR Cash Pi ice Cash Price OF CAR Heavy Cash Piice Cash Price TIRE COURIER TYPE Each Each Per Pair Duty Each Per Pair Price Each Per Pair Stu’hak’r 4.10-21 *3.63 $3.63 *7-04 Ford. \ t.40-21 S4-79 59.30 Gardner.. | 4.50-21 3.9* 3.98 7-74 46 Chevrolet J Marmon 5.50-19 8.48 $16.46 Oakland 30* 31^ CL 3.57 3.57 6.92 EACH Chevrolet. 4.50-20 5.35 10.38 P WHEN 4.50-21 5.43 10.54 Chrysler.. Tir**ron« S E N T 1 N E TYPE BOUGHT Stu *hak’r 6.00-18 10.65 20.66 Ford ) IN PAIRS Viking 4.40-21 $3.95 *7-66 Chevrolet i *3.95 4.75-19 Stu ’hak’r Whippet 6.33 12.32 4.50-21 4.37 4.37 8.46 30x3^ Franklin.. Plymouth] 6.00-19 21.04 Hudson.... 10.85 4.75-19 5.11 5.12 9.94 Erskine ... 1 Ilup'bile j 5.00-19 5.39 5.39 10.46 Plymouth 4.75-20 *.43 12.48 La Salle ... 6.00-20 10.95 5.25-21 6.63 6.63 12.86 Chandler 21.24 Other sizes proportionately low De Soto.... Pierce-A.._ 6.00-21 11.10 21.54 Dodge Tircsfone Buick. 6.00-22 11.60 22.50 * FIRESTONE do not manu¬ SENTINEL TYPE Gr. Paige 5.00-19 6.65 12.90 Pierce- A 6.50-19 12.30 23-86 Pontiac... Stutr. 6.50-20 12.65 24-54 facture tires under special Roosevelt brand names for mail order Willya-K. J Cadillac ..) Lincoln.... 7.00-20 14.65 28.42 *^83 houses and others to distrib¬ Packard . Nash. ...J 5.00-20 6.75 13.10 ute. Special Brand Tires are ^^EACH Truck and Bus Tires made without the manufac¬ WHEN BOUGHT Nash [ 5.00-21 6.9* 13.54 15-45 $29-96 Olds'bile.. j turer’s name. They are sold - IN PAIRS 26.50 51-00 Buick M. ] without his guarantee or re¬ 36.40 N 4.40-21 Chevrolet 5.25-18 7.53 14.60 70.60 sponsibility for service. Every Oldi'bile.. j 51.65 100.20 Firestone Tire hears the Fire¬ Buick... 5.25-21 8.15 15.82 14-50 28.14 Stu’hak’r 16.30 31.62 stone name and the quality Auburn.... 5.50-18 8.35 16.20 26?45 51-60 excels that of special brand Jordan 46.50 90.40 mail order tires sold at the 9.75-20 ILD 61.65 120.00 same prices. ★ One of the largest magazine publishing houses published a survey which they recently made to find out the tire buying plans of car owners for this year. In this survey they covered twelve states and interviewed 1,403 of their sub¬ scribers. They found that 68% of those interviewed are going to buy tires this summer, and that 27.2% of these car ow ners are going to buy Firestone Tires—the next highest is only 20.6% which shows the demand for Firestone Tires is 32% more than for any other make. TIRES ■ TUBES - BATTERIES - BRAKE LINING • SPARK PLUGS . RIMS • ACCESSORIES

Copyright, 1932, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. in the field. In fact, the scope could be extended al¬ our own Government, who must deal with informed gov¬ most indefinitely, and without it degenerating into a com¬ ernments abroad, lx any less informed. mon house organ. Sincerely yours, Needless to say, such section would have to lie con¬ ROBERT G. MCGREGOR, JR., ducted in closest coo]>eration with the Department, and American Vice Consul. other sources of information. Rules would be estab¬ lishing about withholding names of contributors, and an umpire set up to maintain decorum, though the details CONTENTS would not interfere with the main purpose. It is hoped PAGE that opinions of others on the subject will tie published. Very respectfully vours, SERVICE HONORS MR. CARR 253 BEN C. MATTHEWS, American Vice Consul. STATE DEPARTMENT CLUB 256

AN 1 MI’ERIAI. CONSUL -By Augustin Ferrin. 258 RESPECTFULLY REFERRED TO THE DEPART¬ MENTS KIND CONSIDERATION THE FLYING DONKEY -By Coert DuBois.. 261 ANTWERP, BELGIUM , May lb, 1932. NEW < IFEICERS OE THE ASSOCIATION 262 DEAR EDITOR: I heartily endorse tlx- suggestion contained in Mr. OFFICE OF THE CHIEF CLERK AND ADMIN¬ Cochran's article "Indoctrination" in the May issue of ISTRATIVE ASSISTANT 266 the JOURNAL. Even in private conversation utterances of Covern- NEWS ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 270 nx-nt representatives may lx- exploited and private opin¬ ion might lx- misconstrued. Officers in the field are un¬ THE SPRAGUE CENTENARY 275 able to receive American newspaper opinions before events have transpired and nearly been talked out. Such papers as we do read are, of course, colored by Itxral LANSING'S ADVICE TO FOREIGN SERVICE OF¬ prejudices. We owe it to our Government to lx- alert FICERS 278 and up-to-date in our knowledge of events and |x-rson- alities. Often we must discuss im|x>rtant events with FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 280 foreigners among whom we are living. Just as we arc careful to include a “waiver of responsibility" in a com¬ BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES 282 mercial letter, so should we lx- careful not to compro¬ mise tlx- Government we represent by inaccuracies or IN MEMORIAM 283 misinformation. It would lx- extremely helpful to have a Department memo in order to guide our discussions of questions of policy DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHANGES 284 From time to time circumstances place junior and ordinarily sulmrdinatc officers in charge of iui]Hirtant IMMIGRATION 286 negotiations. The Department naturally exjx-cls the of¬ ficer thus placed to acquit himself in a meritorious fash¬ BOOK NOTES 290 ion. His actions should never lx- a matter for conjec¬ ture, but should, rather, lx- based upon and in accord LETTERS 291 with a sound understanding of established |X>licy. The reply is natural that an officer is furnished with press releases by the Department. However valuable as these releases are, they are not exhaustive and are available to the entire press throughout the world. By tlx- time received abroad, these releases have Ix-en pub¬ lished in all American newspapers. They show the Department’s reaction to accomplished facts; what is needed is an explanation of Department policies ap¬ plied to situations which may arise. Sup|xisc a revo¬ lution overturns an existing government and an officer is approached by the new government with a view to learning whether the United States is likely to recog¬ nize the "foil accompli." Press releases will he of no avail. A concrete explanation of the Department’s policy would serve a distinct purpose. Foreign diplomatic and consular officers in the United States continually report to their governments the atti¬ tude of official Washington Why should officers of 292