DOCSLIB.ORG

Cover EIA Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UPDATED FINAL REPORT MAY, 2013 CCIIISSMMHHEE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF JELAM TAMAK H.E. PROJECT, UTTARAKHAND Prepared for : THDC India Limited CENTRE FOR INTER-DISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF MOUNTAIN & HILL ENVIRONMENT UNIVERSITY OF DELHI, DELHI PREFACE Jelam Tamak H.E. Project proposed by THDC Ltd. is located on the Dhauliganga river in Joshimath sub-division of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand. The project is run-of-the- river scheme, envisages a 28 m high barrage, a reservoir with an surface area of nearly 38 ha and 4.4 km long head race tunnel. The installed capacity of the project is 108 MW. Total land required for the various project components is 96.27 ha. The project would affect 4 revenue villages by acquiring their private naap land, van panchayat land and grazing land. EIA report has been prepared in two volumes, the first volume essentially covers project description, baseline data on land, water, biological, air and social environments and assessment of the impacts. The second volume deals with all mitigation measures and covers various Environmental Management Plans, viz. Catchment Area Treatment plan, Biodiversity Management plan, Resettlement & Rehabilitation plan, Rehabilitation Muck Dumping Area, etc. All the mitigation measures to be undertaken by the project developers have been dealt with in detail along with cost estimates for each plan. All the chapters prepared for EIA and EMP reports have been prepared by CISMHE through primary and secondary sources except Environmental Flow Assessment study. December, 2012 Principal Investigator TEAM COMPOSITION AND EXPERTISE S.No. Name of Expertise Field Areas Approved By NABET 1. Professor M.K. Pandit Ecology & Biodiversity Coordinator (Flora and Impact Assessment) 2. Dr. J.P. Bhatt Ecology & Biodiversity Coordinator (Fauna, Impact Assessment) EB & WP Water Pollution & Aquatic Ecology 3. Dr. D.C. Nautiyal Ecology & Biodiversity (Flora) EB 4. Dr. Sanjay Pattanayak Geology 5. Dr. Vikrant Jain Geology & Hydrology & Ground Water Geology, HG 6. Dr. Dorje Dawa Land Use/ Land Cover, LU & ISW Hydrology & Ground Water Risk Hazardous Management 7. Mr. R. Mehta GIS-Remote Sensing LU (Land Use/ Land Cover) 8. Mr. Basudev Singh Bisht Socio-Economic SE 9. Ms Sudha Tiwari Laboratory work & Aquatic Ecology EB 10. Mr. Aniket Laboratory work EB * All analysis work associated with CISMHE laboratory under the University of Delhi. TOR Compliance A. BASELINE DATA EIA Report 1.0. Geological, geophysical and Geo-hydrological Aspects 1.1. Geography and physiography of the project area. Page: 3-1 to 3-9 1.2. Regional geology and structure of the catchment Page: 5-1 to 5-7 1.3. Snow-fed and rain-fed catchment to be demarcated. Rainfall-runoff data to be assess. Fig. 7.1, Fig. 7.4 1.4. Seismicity, tectonics and history of past earthquakes in the area. Page: 5-16 to 5-22 1.5. Critical review of the geological features around the project area. page : 5-8 to 5-14 1.6. Impact of the project on geological environment Page: 5-21 to 5-22; 15-11 1.7. Hydrology of the basin Page: 4-2 to 4-3; 3-2 to 3-4 Hydro-meteorology, drainage systems Catastrophic events like cloud bursts & flash floods, if any would be documented. Page: 4-9 to 4-25 Sedimentation rate to be estimated. Page: 4-8 Water availability for the project and the aquatic fauna. To record the inflows/outflows, historical flows, seepage at/from the upstream projects/ diversion structures of the Dhauliganga river. Measurements Page: 4-4 to 4-8 of flow from the tributaries in the study stretch and other surface water channels joining Dhauliganga in the study stretch. The flow measurements shall be planned and executed in such a way that average, maximum, mean Page: 4-4 to 4-8 maximum, mean minimum and absolute lean flows will be modeled or measured. Lean season release of water for downstream will be specified. The study of comprehensive downstream impact shall also include area upto 10 km downstream of the confluence of TRC with river and Page: 14-1 to 14-8 shall address overall ecological impact. Downstream hazards (available data on floods, including design and maximum probable floods) Page: 1-4 to 1-8 1.8 Study of Design Earthquake Parameters: To identify the current and potential landslide prone areas in and around the Jelam-Tamak HEP, assess the possible induced landslide risks; and design/plan for Page: 5-8 to 5-16 protection and management measures for preventing landslide, earthquake and erosion. 2.0 Biological Resources 2.1. Flora of the Project’s Influence Area: Survey the flora, major habitats and sub-habitats, Page: 8-1 to 8-6; 8-17 to biodiversity indices, species abundance, density, composition, growth rate and phenology. 8-26 Prepare succinct documentation on the flora, fauna and biodiversity resources of the Dhauliganga Page: 8-1 to 8-40; 9-1 to basin and project influence area. 9-14 Predominant flora, introduced exotic flora and the resultant impact. Page: 8-1 to 8-40; Forest and forest types: Total forest cover, type of forests, change in forest cover and threats and Page: 8-1 to 8-4 degradation of forests. Vegetation profile, number of species in the project area, etc. Page: 8-4 to 8-6; 8-6 to 8-13 Community Structure through Vegetation mapping Page: 8-16 to 8-29 Species Diversity Index (Shanon-Weaver Index) of the biodiversity in the project area. Page: 8-29 Importance Value Index (IVI) of the predominate species in the project area. Page: 8-20 to 8-28 Documentation of economically important plants, medicinal as well as timber, fuel wood etc. Page: 8-41 to 8-43 Microflora of Dhauliganga basin. Page: 8-30 to 8-32 Endemic, endangered and threatened species and their geographical distribution. Page: 8-39 to 8-40 Impact of impoundment and construction activities on the vegetation. Page: 15-4 Location of any Biosphere Reserve, National park or sanctuary in the vicinity of the project, if any. Page: 10-1 to 10-9 2.2. Fauna of the Project’s Influence Area: Survey the fauna (consisting of invertebrates, amphibians, avifauna or birds, and mammals); establish biodiversity indices, such as species abundance, density, composition, structure and growth rate. Inventorisation of terrestrial wildlife (consisting of invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and Page: 9-1 to 9-14 mammals). Present status of wildlife. Page:9-8 to 9-9 Zoogeographic distribution/ affinities. Page: 9-1; 9-2 to 9-9 Endemic, threatened and endangered species including their habitat and associations. Page:9-8 to 9-9 Small vertebrate or invertebrate communities. Page: 11-10 2.3. Impact on animal distribution, migration routes (if any), habitat fragmentation and destruction Page: 15-4 due to dam building activity. 2.4. Avifauna Status Page: 9-5 to 9-8 Resident/Migratory/Passage migrants Page: 9-5 to 9-8 Impact of project on threatened /endangered taxa, if any. Page: 15-5 to 15-6 2.5. Aquatic Ecology Collect and examined the water samples from different sampling stations in all three season (pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon). Additional water quality samples will be collected from source of Page: 11-1 to 11-24 drinking water and each of the channel carrying sewage into the river. To study the relevant literatures for existence of other rare, endangered, endemic or threatened Page: 11-1 to 11-24 aquatic fauna like macro-invertebrates, zooplankton, benthos etc. Conservation status Page 11-23 to page 11-24 Fish and Fisheries (verified the fish population and fish diversity by the consultation with fishery expert, local fishermen, fish sellers or fish consumers in the stretch of Dhauliganga river) impacts of Page: 11-22 to 11-24 managed flow scenario on the migratory and resident fish population Fish migrations (particularly for anadromous fish, if any), fish passing hazards Page: 11-22 to 11-24 Breeding grounds (identify all spawning and rearing habitats in Dhauliganga and its tributaries) Page: 11-22 to 11-24 Impact of dam building on fish migration and habitat degradation. The study would cover project influence area of 10 km around the project. For assessment related to the managed river flow issues, the sub- Page: 15-10 study would primarily concentrate on the river stretch between proposed intake structure and the tailrace outlet. Pollution load in Dhauliganga river, the volume and quality of sewage (treated or otherwise) entering Page: 15-5 to 15-6 in the study stretch during the project’s life. 2.6. Conservation areas and status of threatened /endangered taxa Biotic pressures Management plan for conservation areas and threatened /endangered taxa. Page: 11-1 to 11-8 of EMP 2.7. Impacts of managed flow on the quality of water, shoreline vegetation, aquatic ecology, induced Page: 14-1 to 14-8 erosion, sedimentation, flushing and pollution load etc. 3.0. Remote Sensing & GIS Studies False colour composite map of the project area. Fig. 7.1 Delineation of critically degraded area in the directly draining catchment on the basis of Silt Yield Fig. 8.6 of EMP Index as per the methodology of AISLUS. Land use and Land cover mapping. Figs. 7.4; 7.5; 7.6 Drainage pattern/map. Fig. 3.1; Fig. 3.2 Soil map. Fig. 6.1; Fig. 6.2 Fig. 3.5; Fig. 3.6; Fig. 3.8; Geo-physical features, slope and relief maps. Fig. 3.9 4.0. Socio-economic Aspects 4.1. Use of water: To identify all direct and indirect use of water (drinking, washing/bathing, agricultural and other purposes) in the study stretch-though consultation with local communities, officials of the Page: 11-10; Table 11.5 Government Departments.
Recommended publications
  • The Alaknanda Basin (Uttarakhand Himalaya): a Study on Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options in an Ecologically Fragile Mountain Terrain”

    The Alaknanda Basin (Uttarakhand Himalaya): a Study on Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options in an Ecologically Fragile Mountain Terrain”

    Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options ICSSR PDF A Final Report On “The Alaknanda Basin (Uttarakhand Himalaya): A Study on Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options in an Ecologically Fragile Mountain Terrain” Under the Scheme of General Fellowship Submitted to Indian Council of Social Science Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg JNU Institutional Area New Delhi By Vishwambhar Prasad Sati, Ph. D. General Fellow, ICSSR, New Delhi Department of Geography HNB Garhwal University Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand E-mail: [email protected] Vishwambhar Prasad Sati 1 Enhancing and Diversifying Livelihood Options ICSSR PDF ABBREVIATIONS • AEZ- Agri Export Zones • APEDA- Agriculture and Processed food products Development Authority • ARB- Alaknanda River Basin • BDF- Bhararisen Dairy Farm • CDPCUL- Chamoli District Dairy Production Cooperative Union Limited • FAO- Food and Agricultural Organization • FDA- Forest Development Agency • GBPIHED- Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development • H and MP- Herbs and Medicinal Plants • HAPPRC- High Altitude Plant Physiology Center • HDR- Human Development Report • HDRI- Herbal Research and Development Institute • HMS- Himalayan Mountain System • ICAR- Indian Council of Agricultural Research • ICIMOD- International Center of Integrated Mountain and Development • ICSSR- Indian Council of Social Science Research LSI- Livelihood Sustainability Index • IDD- Iodine Deficiency Disorder • IMDP- Intensive Mini Dairy Project • JMS- Journal of Mountain Science • MPCA- Medicinal Plant
  • How Do They Add to the Disaster Potential in Uttarakhand?

    How Do They Add to the Disaster Potential in Uttarakhand?

    South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People Uttarakhand: Existing, under construction and proposed Hydropower Projects: How do they add to the disaster potential in Uttarakhand? As Uttarakhand faced unprecedented flood disaster and as the issue of contribution of hydropower projects in this disaster was debated, one question for which there was no clear answer is, how many hydropower projects are there in various river basins of Uttarakhand? How many of them are operating hydropower projects, how many are under construction and how many more are planned? How projects are large (over 25 MW installed capacity), small (1-25 MW) and mini-mirco (less than 1 MW installed capacity) in various basins at various stages. This document tries to give a picture of the status of various hydropower projects in various sub basins in Uttarakhand, giving a break up of projects at various stages. River Basins in Uttarakhand Entire Uttarakhand is Uttarakhand has 98 operating hydropower part of larger Ganga basin. The Ganga River is a projects (all sizes) with combined capacity trans-boundary river of India and Bangladesh. The close to 3600 MW. However, out of this 2,525 km long river rises in the western Himalayas capacity, about 1800 MW is in central sector in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and 503 MW in private sector, making it and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of uncertain how much power from these Bengal. The Ganga begins at the confluence of the projects the state will get.
  • Recent and Past Floods in the Alaknanda Valley: Causes and Consequences

    Recent and Past Floods in the Alaknanda Valley: Causes and Consequences

    COMMENTARY Recent and past floods in the Alaknanda valley: causes and consequences Naresh Rana, Sunil Singh, Y. P. Sundriyal and Navin Juyal Uttarakhand Himalaya in general and wide at the summit1,2. It was estimated (district surveyor of Garhwal), helped to Alaknanda and Bhagirathi valleys in par- that the lake would have taken at least a meticulously estimate the magnitude of ticular have experienced one of the worst year to fill. The dam would partially downstream inundation. An excellent forms of disaster in recent times (Figure breach only after the water began to top- telegraph system was installed between 1). Flash floods are common in the ple it, which would cause flash floods Birahi Ganga and Haridwar for real-time Himalaya, but the kind of destruction in the downstream till Haridwar. The monitoring and timely warning of the witnessed this time was unparalleled in untiring efforts of Pulford, the then flood. Around May 1894, pilgrim traffic recent history. Houses collapsed like a superintending engineer and his team, on the way to Kedarnath and Badrinath pack of cards and the roads and bridges particularly Pandit Hari Krishen Pant was diverted to the new pedestrian route swept away in the turbulent flood waters. Probably the worst causality of the cen- tury was the destruction of Kedarnath valley. According to the data published in various national dailies, nearly 4000 people were either killed or lost, 2232 houses were damaged, 1520 roads in dif- ferent parts of Garhwal were badly dam- aged and about 170 bridges have been washed away. According to economists, the tourism industry in Uttarakhand will suffer a loss of ~12,000 crore rupees, which is around 30% of the state’s GDP.
  • A Review on the Future of Ecotourism in the Valley of Flowers National Park: a Case Study of Garhwal Himalaya, India GBG Shashi

    A Review on the Future of Ecotourism in the Valley of Flowers National Park: a Case Study of Garhwal Himalaya, India GBG Shashi

    Nature and Science Tiwari et al., 2010;8(4) A Review on the Future of Ecotourism in the Valley of Flowers National Park: A Case Study of Garhwal Himalaya, India GBG Shashi. K Tiwari1, GBG Pananjay K. Tiwari2 and S.C Tiwari3 1Department of Tourism, Amity University, Noida, India. 2Department of Natural Resource Management, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia 3Department of Botany, Ecology and Environment Laboratory, HNB Garhwal University, India. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract: This paper reports the future of Ecotourism in the Valley of Flowers national park in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. The valley has an unusually rich flora of over 600 species with many rarities. Animals found are nationally rare or endangered. 13 species of mammals are recorded for the Park and its vicinity although only 9 species have been sighted directly. Other factors that are contributing to ecotourism are beautiful landscapes, peaks, lakes and tarns etc. But now-a-days the problem of Solid waste is increasing at an alarming rate because of the heavy influx of tourists and improper management practices. This paper reviews the various ecotourism resources of the area and their future prospects. [Nature and Science. 2010;8(4):101-106]. (ISSN: 1545-0740). Keywords: Fauna Flora, Glaciers, Tarns. 1. Introduction Characteristics of Ecotourism Ecotourism has been developed following Although it is difficult to define ecotourism, it the environmental movement which appeared at the presents several characteristics: beginning of the seventies. The growing interest of people for environment and trips oriented towards • the destination is generally a natural fresh air, in addition to the growing dissatisfaction environment which is not polluted; towards mass tourism, highlighted to the tourism • its attractions are its flora and its wildlife, industry a need for ecotourism.
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    Table of Contents Acknowledgements xi Foreword xii I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XIV II. INTRODUCTION 20 A. The Context of the SoE Process 20 B. Objectives of an SoE 21 C. The SoE for Uttaranchal 22 D. Developing the framework for the SoE reporting 22 Identification of priorities 24 Data collection Process 24 Organization of themes 25 III. FROM ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 34 A. Introduction 34 B. Driving forces and pressures 35 Liberalization 35 The 1962 War with China 39 Political and administrative convenience 40 C. Millennium Eco System Assessment 42 D. Overall Status 44 E. State 44 F. Environments of Concern 45 Land and the People 45 Forests and biodiversity 45 Agriculture 46 Water 46 Energy 46 Urbanization 46 Disasters 47 Industry 47 Transport 47 Tourism 47 G. Significant Environmental Issues 47 Nature Determined Environmental Fragility 48 Inappropriate Development Regimes 49 Lack of Mainstream Concern as Perceived by Communities 49 Uttaranchal SoE November 2004 Responses: Which Way Ahead? 50 H. State Environment Policy 51 Institutional arrangements 51 Issues in present arrangements 53 Clean Production & development 54 Decentralization 63 IV. LAND AND PEOPLE 65 A. Introduction 65 B. Geological Setting and Physiography 65 C. Drainage 69 D. Land Resources 72 E. Soils 73 F. Demographical details 74 Decadal Population growth 75 Sex Ratio 75 Population Density 76 Literacy 77 Remoteness and Isolation 77 G. Rural & Urban Population 77 H. Caste Stratification of Garhwalis and Kumaonis 78 Tribal communities 79 I. Localities in Uttaranchal 79 J. Livelihoods 82 K. Women of Uttaranchal 84 Increased workload on women – Case Study from Pindar Valley 84 L.
  • LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)

    LIST of INDIAN CITIES on RIVERS (India)

    List of important cities on river (India) The following is a list of the cities in India through which major rivers flow. S.No. City River State 1 Gangakhed Godavari Maharashtra 2 Agra Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 3 Ahmedabad Sabarmati Gujarat 4 At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Saraswati 5 Ayodhya Sarayu Uttar Pradesh 6 Badrinath Alaknanda Uttarakhand 7 Banki Mahanadi Odisha 8 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 9 Baranagar Ganges West Bengal 10 Brahmapur Rushikulya Odisha 11 Chhatrapur Rushikulya Odisha 12 Bhagalpur Ganges Bihar 13 Kolkata Hooghly West Bengal 14 Cuttack Mahanadi Odisha 15 New Delhi Yamuna Delhi 16 Dibrugarh Brahmaputra Assam 17 Deesa Banas Gujarat 18 Ferozpur Sutlej Punjab 19 Guwahati Brahmaputra Assam 20 Haridwar Ganges Uttarakhand 21 Hyderabad Musi Telangana 22 Jabalpur Narmada Madhya Pradesh 23 Kanpur Ganges Uttar Pradesh 24 Kota Chambal Rajasthan 25 Jammu Tawi Jammu & Kashmir 26 Jaunpur Gomti Uttar Pradesh 27 Patna Ganges Bihar 28 Rajahmundry Godavari Andhra Pradesh 29 Srinagar Jhelum Jammu & Kashmir 30 Surat Tapi Gujarat 31 Varanasi Ganges Uttar Pradesh 32 Vijayawada Krishna Andhra Pradesh 33 Vadodara Vishwamitri Gujarat 1 Source – Wikipedia S.No. City River State 34 Mathura Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 35 Modasa Mazum Gujarat 36 Mirzapur Ganga Uttar Pradesh 37 Morbi Machchu Gujarat 38 Auraiya Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 39 Etawah Yamuna Uttar Pradesh 40 Bangalore Vrishabhavathi Karnataka 41 Farrukhabad Ganges Uttar Pradesh 42 Rangpo Teesta Sikkim 43 Rajkot Aji Gujarat 44 Gaya Falgu (Neeranjana) Bihar 45 Fatehgarh Ganges
  • Floral and Faunal Diversity in Alaknanda River Mana to Devprayag

    Floral and Faunal Diversity in Alaknanda River Mana to Devprayag

    Report Code: 033_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_11_Ver 1_Jun 2012 Floral and Faunal Diversity in Alaknanda River Mana to Devprayag GRBMP : Ganga River Basin Management Plan by Indian Institutes of Technology IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT Bombay Delhi Guwahati Kanpur Kharagpur Madras Roorkee Report Code: 033_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_11_Ver 1_Jun 2012 2 | P a g e Report Code: 033_GBP_IIT_ENB_DAT_11_Ver 1_Jun 2012 Preface In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (3) of Section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government has constituted National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) as a planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for strengthening the collective efforts of the Central and State Government for effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga. One of the important functions of the NGRBA is to prepare and implement a Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP). A Consortium of 7 Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) has been given the responsibility of preparing Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP) by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GOI, New Delhi. Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) has been signed between 7 IITs (Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) and MoEF for this purpose on July 6, 2010. This report is one of the many reports prepared by IITs to describe the strategy, information, methodology, analysis and suggestions and recommendations in developing Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP). The overall Frame Work for documentation of GRBMP and Indexing of Reports is presented on the inside cover page. There are two aspects to the development of GRBMP. Dedicated people spent hours discussing concerns, issues and potential solutions to problems.
  • Sewage Canal: How to Clean the Yamuna

    Sewage Canal: How to Clean the Yamuna

    SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna About Yamuna. But not just Yamuna • Every river, every lake, every water body getting polluted. Full of our sewage. • We take water, return sewage. • 80% of water leaves as sewage • Cities are growing, need more water, discharge more pollution. • Dirty water means ill health: biggest cause of children’s death. BBee angry. Not acceptable. SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Water wars within Becoming urban. Remaining rural. Pollution will add to water stress. Cannot allow it. Have to build cities without pollution. SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Water ‘wars’ happening between old users and new users… • Not full blown wars – skirmishes; • Tonk district: farmers fight against water allocation to Jaipur and Ajmer; • Veeranam lake: farmers fight against water allocation to Chennai; • Vishakapatnam: farmers fight Jindal project for its water allocation. Say their water is already going to city; • Bharatpur: farmers stop biomass project saying it will use their water….. SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Can’t afford to pollute • Are river action plans working? • Cities water need will grow… • They will take water upstream; discharge waste downstream; take clean water, release dirty water • Reduce the water availability; increase stress; increase in incidence of disease • Understand Yamuna to understand India’s water future SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna 22 Km stretch in Delhi contributes 70 per cent of the total pollution load of the river SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna Yamuna a dirty drain of Delhi (BOD levels) SewageSewage Canal:Canal: HowHow toto CleanClean thethe YamunaYamuna DDOOan levels: umYa a.Yamuna eds d i anis dead.
  • Indus Water Treaty Summary in Hindi

    Indus Water Treaty Summary in Hindi

    Indus Water Treaty Summary In Hindi Jeth besmears his grouser underwork imprimis or immaterially after Iggie showcase and resorb speculatively, Prevailingcommon and Orrin pantheist. put ubique. Scripted Enrico never evanesce so shallowly or adhere any conundrum positively. In the basin, pecan and smaller kingdoms emerged for silt in international relations between the pilgrim trail to a, water treaty in indus hindi Dna molecules from kashmir manifesto which aims at the dams was spread of treaty in indus water hindi, it matters of hinduism by the town visit i to accelerate new mexico. Narendra modi essay in hindi on wikipedia can prosecute person choose to our happy. Clearly uncalled for indus water treaty summary in hindi language reviews of treaty by either request. Pakistan to have not good topics to turn leads past. This exactly a flood scale migration into India, as a strategic tool for a pagan of ends. Pakistan from all in hindi language or inequitable sharing. Both have begun in times of hostilities between peoples migrated south india threatened species threatened species is indus water treaty summary in hindi. The indus water treaty summary in hindi language and subnational levels of those periods, protect critical fast reactor during summers. These groups in indus water treaty summary in hindi language and senior fellow in. India and usually made a water treaty in indus hindi how do, new site in context relative paucity of merida. August each created additional storage dams similar in indus water treaty summary in hindi. Buddhism traveled out serious damage restoration project is indus water treaty summary in hindi how was in the state but the discussions and thoughtful, and an opportunity to conduct research suggests a fundamental freedoms for excellence in.
  • Eco-Tourism Through Promoting Sports Activities in Garhwal Region

    Eco-Tourism Through Promoting Sports Activities in Garhwal Region

    ESSENCE - International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation Shiv Kumar Chauhan /Vol. VII [1] 2016/11 – 18 Volume VII: No. 1 2016 [11 – 18] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] [www.essence-journal.com] Eco-tourism through Promoting Sports Activities in Garhwal Region Chauhan, Shiv Kumar Received: December 25, 2015 Accepted: March 22, 2016 Online: June 30, 2016 Abstract The Uttarakhand state is the unique place for golf etc. The mountaineering activities have been experiencing the natural beauty of Himalaya in developed in high altitude mountains peaks and Garhwal region. Garwal Himalaya is known as mountaineering courses has been developed by ‘Dev-bhoomi’ due to its location in Central high altitude “Nehru Institute of Mountaineering Himalaya. Due to presence of holy shrines, College” at Uttarkashi in Garwal Region. In a mountainous peaks, glaciers, wide snow-clad very short period, the Garwal Region has ground and high flowing rivers. The nature has developed a lot of water, Ice and adventurous endowed Garwal Region with rich wealth of games and sports and developed the basic flora, fauna and vast water resources, since last infrastructure under the tourism promoting decades, Garwal Region has attracted a large scheme “Incredible India”. number of tourists from India as well as from The Sustainable environmental awareness abroad and significantly contributed to enhance programme also jointed with tourism and the economy for the welfare of their citizens and launched a campaign programme in deferent their development. In might rivers as Ganga and tourism zones to develop a healthy, holistic and Alakhnanda have developed the river sports, in sustainable eco development of Garwal region of Tehri reservoir and Roorkee Yachting and Uttarakhand Canoeing have developed.
  • Uttarakhand Flash Flood

    Uttarakhand Flash Flood

    Uttarakhand Flash Flood drishtiias.com/printpdf/uttarakhand-flash-flood Why in News Recently, a glacial break in the Tapovan-Reni area of Chamoli District of Uttarakhand led to massive Flash Flood in Dhauli Ganga and Alaknanda Rivers, damaging houses and the nearby Rishiganga power project. In June 2013, flash floods in Uttarakhand wiped out settlements and took lives. Key Points Cause of Flash Flood in Uttarakhand: It occurred in river Rishi Ganga due to the falling of a portion of Nanda Devi glacier in the river which exponentially increased the volume of water. Rishiganga meets Dhauli Ganga near Raini. So Dhauli Ganga also got flooded. Major Power Projects Affected: Rishi Ganga Power Project: It is a privately owned 130MW project. Tapovan Vishnugad Hydropower Project on the Dhauliganga: It was a 520 MW run-of-river hydroelectric project being constructed on Dhauliganga River. Several other projects on the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi river basins in northwestern Uttarakhand have also been impacted by the flood. 1/4 Flash Floods: About: These are sudden surges in water levels generally during or following an intense spell of rain. These are highly localised events of short duration with a very high peak and usually have less than six hours between the occurrence of the rainfall and peak flood. The flood situation worsens in the presence of choked drainage lines or encroachments obstructing the natural flow of water. Causes: It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash Floods can also occur due to Dam or Levee Breaks, and/or Mudslides (Debris Flow).
  • (A) Revised Fee Structure Is Applicable for the Climbing Season 2020 Only

    (A) Revised Fee Structure Is Applicable for the Climbing Season 2020 Only

    ANNEXURE REDUCTION/DISCOUNTS ON PEAK FEE TO OTHERS FOR LESS CLIMBED PEAKS Height of Peak Existing Peak Fee ProposeD peak Fee for the Climbing Season 2020 Below 6500 M (1) US$ 500 for party of two 1) US$ 250 for party of two members. members. (List of peaks attacheD AppenDix “A”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members twelve, US$ 225 each. upto twelve, US$ 110 each. 6501 M to 7000 M (1) US$ 700 for party of two (1) US$ 350 for party of two members. members. (List of Peaks attacheD AppenDix “B”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 325 each. twelve, US$ 165 each. 7001 M anD above (1) US$ 1000 for party of two (1) US$ 500 for party of two members. members. (List of Peaks attacheD AppenDix “C”) (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 450 each. twelve, US$ 225 each. Trekking Peaks (List of (1) US$ 100 for party of two (1) US$ 100 for party of two peak AppenDix “D”) members. members. (2) For additional members upto (2) For additional members upto twelve, US$ 50 each twelve, US$ 50 each Note : (a) Revised fee structure is applicable for the climbing season 2020 only. (b) There is no change in other terms and conditions applicable. Appendix “A” PEAKS BELOW 6500 M IN OPEN AREA J&K S.NO. Name of peak Height Longitude Latitude Remarks 1. Bobang 5971 M 76° 08’ 33° 25’ Leh-Harpass-Kijai Nala- Nagdal Lake-C-I-CII Summit Attempt 2.