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Cover EIA Report UPDATED FINAL REPORT MAY, 2013 CCIIISSMMHHEE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF JELAM TAMAK H.E. PROJECT, UTTARAKHAND Prepared for : THDC India Limited CENTRE FOR INTER-DISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF MOUNTAIN & HILL ENVIRONMENT UNIVERSITY OF DELHI, DELHI PREFACE Jelam Tamak H.E. Project proposed by THDC Ltd. is located on the Dhauliganga river in Joshimath sub-division of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand. The project is run-of-the- river scheme, envisages a 28 m high barrage, a reservoir with an surface area of nearly 38 ha and 4.4 km long head race tunnel. The installed capacity of the project is 108 MW. Total land required for the various project components is 96.27 ha. The project would affect 4 revenue villages by acquiring their private naap land, van panchayat land and grazing land. EIA report has been prepared in two volumes, the first volume essentially covers project description, baseline data on land, water, biological, air and social environments and assessment of the impacts. The second volume deals with all mitigation measures and covers various Environmental Management Plans, viz. Catchment Area Treatment plan, Biodiversity Management plan, Resettlement & Rehabilitation plan, Rehabilitation Muck Dumping Area, etc. All the mitigation measures to be undertaken by the project developers have been dealt with in detail along with cost estimates for each plan. All the chapters prepared for EIA and EMP reports have been prepared by CISMHE through primary and secondary sources except Environmental Flow Assessment study. December, 2012 Principal Investigator TEAM COMPOSITION AND EXPERTISE S.No. Name of Expertise Field Areas Approved By NABET 1. Professor M.K. Pandit Ecology & Biodiversity Coordinator (Flora and Impact Assessment) 2. Dr. J.P. Bhatt Ecology & Biodiversity Coordinator (Fauna, Impact Assessment) EB & WP Water Pollution & Aquatic Ecology 3. Dr. D.C. Nautiyal Ecology & Biodiversity (Flora) EB 4. Dr. Sanjay Pattanayak Geology 5. Dr. Vikrant Jain Geology & Hydrology & Ground Water Geology, HG 6. Dr. Dorje Dawa Land Use/ Land Cover, LU & ISW Hydrology & Ground Water Risk Hazardous Management 7. Mr. R. Mehta GIS-Remote Sensing LU (Land Use/ Land Cover) 8. Mr. Basudev Singh Bisht Socio-Economic SE 9. Ms Sudha Tiwari Laboratory work & Aquatic Ecology EB 10. Mr. Aniket Laboratory work EB * All analysis work associated with CISMHE laboratory under the University of Delhi. TOR Compliance A. BASELINE DATA EIA Report 1.0. Geological, geophysical and Geo-hydrological Aspects 1.1. Geography and physiography of the project area. Page: 3-1 to 3-9 1.2. Regional geology and structure of the catchment Page: 5-1 to 5-7 1.3. Snow-fed and rain-fed catchment to be demarcated. Rainfall-runoff data to be assess. Fig. 7.1, Fig. 7.4 1.4. Seismicity, tectonics and history of past earthquakes in the area. Page: 5-16 to 5-22 1.5. Critical review of the geological features around the project area. page : 5-8 to 5-14 1.6. Impact of the project on geological environment Page: 5-21 to 5-22; 15-11 1.7. Hydrology of the basin Page: 4-2 to 4-3; 3-2 to 3-4 Hydro-meteorology, drainage systems Catastrophic events like cloud bursts & flash floods, if any would be documented. Page: 4-9 to 4-25 Sedimentation rate to be estimated. Page: 4-8 Water availability for the project and the aquatic fauna. To record the inflows/outflows, historical flows, seepage at/from the upstream projects/ diversion structures of the Dhauliganga river. Measurements Page: 4-4 to 4-8 of flow from the tributaries in the study stretch and other surface water channels joining Dhauliganga in the study stretch. The flow measurements shall be planned and executed in such a way that average, maximum, mean Page: 4-4 to 4-8 maximum, mean minimum and absolute lean flows will be modeled or measured. Lean season release of water for downstream will be specified. The study of comprehensive downstream impact shall also include area upto 10 km downstream of the confluence of TRC with river and Page: 14-1 to 14-8 shall address overall ecological impact. Downstream hazards (available data on floods, including design and maximum probable floods) Page: 1-4 to 1-8 1.8 Study of Design Earthquake Parameters: To identify the current and potential landslide prone areas in and around the Jelam-Tamak HEP, assess the possible induced landslide risks; and design/plan for Page: 5-8 to 5-16 protection and management measures for preventing landslide, earthquake and erosion. 2.0 Biological Resources 2.1. Flora of the Project’s Influence Area: Survey the flora, major habitats and sub-habitats, Page: 8-1 to 8-6; 8-17 to biodiversity indices, species abundance, density, composition, growth rate and phenology. 8-26 Prepare succinct documentation on the flora, fauna and biodiversity resources of the Dhauliganga Page: 8-1 to 8-40; 9-1 to basin and project influence area. 9-14 Predominant flora, introduced exotic flora and the resultant impact. Page: 8-1 to 8-40; Forest and forest types: Total forest cover, type of forests, change in forest cover and threats and Page: 8-1 to 8-4 degradation of forests. Vegetation profile, number of species in the project area, etc. Page: 8-4 to 8-6; 8-6 to 8-13 Community Structure through Vegetation mapping Page: 8-16 to 8-29 Species Diversity Index (Shanon-Weaver Index) of the biodiversity in the project area. Page: 8-29 Importance Value Index (IVI) of the predominate species in the project area. Page: 8-20 to 8-28 Documentation of economically important plants, medicinal as well as timber, fuel wood etc. Page: 8-41 to 8-43 Microflora of Dhauliganga basin. Page: 8-30 to 8-32 Endemic, endangered and threatened species and their geographical distribution. Page: 8-39 to 8-40 Impact of impoundment and construction activities on the vegetation. Page: 15-4 Location of any Biosphere Reserve, National park or sanctuary in the vicinity of the project, if any. Page: 10-1 to 10-9 2.2. Fauna of the Project’s Influence Area: Survey the fauna (consisting of invertebrates, amphibians, avifauna or birds, and mammals); establish biodiversity indices, such as species abundance, density, composition, structure and growth rate. Inventorisation of terrestrial wildlife (consisting of invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds and Page: 9-1 to 9-14 mammals). Present status of wildlife. Page:9-8 to 9-9 Zoogeographic distribution/ affinities. Page: 9-1; 9-2 to 9-9 Endemic, threatened and endangered species including their habitat and associations. Page:9-8 to 9-9 Small vertebrate or invertebrate communities. Page: 11-10 2.3. Impact on animal distribution, migration routes (if any), habitat fragmentation and destruction Page: 15-4 due to dam building activity. 2.4. Avifauna Status Page: 9-5 to 9-8 Resident/Migratory/Passage migrants Page: 9-5 to 9-8 Impact of project on threatened /endangered taxa, if any. Page: 15-5 to 15-6 2.5. Aquatic Ecology Collect and examined the water samples from different sampling stations in all three season (pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon). Additional water quality samples will be collected from source of Page: 11-1 to 11-24 drinking water and each of the channel carrying sewage into the river. To study the relevant literatures for existence of other rare, endangered, endemic or threatened Page: 11-1 to 11-24 aquatic fauna like macro-invertebrates, zooplankton, benthos etc. Conservation status Page 11-23 to page 11-24 Fish and Fisheries (verified the fish population and fish diversity by the consultation with fishery expert, local fishermen, fish sellers or fish consumers in the stretch of Dhauliganga river) impacts of Page: 11-22 to 11-24 managed flow scenario on the migratory and resident fish population Fish migrations (particularly for anadromous fish, if any), fish passing hazards Page: 11-22 to 11-24 Breeding grounds (identify all spawning and rearing habitats in Dhauliganga and its tributaries) Page: 11-22 to 11-24 Impact of dam building on fish migration and habitat degradation. The study would cover project influence area of 10 km around the project. For assessment related to the managed river flow issues, the sub- Page: 15-10 study would primarily concentrate on the river stretch between proposed intake structure and the tailrace outlet. Pollution load in Dhauliganga river, the volume and quality of sewage (treated or otherwise) entering Page: 15-5 to 15-6 in the study stretch during the project’s life. 2.6. Conservation areas and status of threatened /endangered taxa Biotic pressures Management plan for conservation areas and threatened /endangered taxa. Page: 11-1 to 11-8 of EMP 2.7. Impacts of managed flow on the quality of water, shoreline vegetation, aquatic ecology, induced Page: 14-1 to 14-8 erosion, sedimentation, flushing and pollution load etc. 3.0. Remote Sensing & GIS Studies False colour composite map of the project area. Fig. 7.1 Delineation of critically degraded area in the directly draining catchment on the basis of Silt Yield Fig. 8.6 of EMP Index as per the methodology of AISLUS. Land use and Land cover mapping. Figs. 7.4; 7.5; 7.6 Drainage pattern/map. Fig. 3.1; Fig. 3.2 Soil map. Fig. 6.1; Fig. 6.2 Fig. 3.5; Fig. 3.6; Fig. 3.8; Geo-physical features, slope and relief maps. Fig. 3.9 4.0. Socio-economic Aspects 4.1. Use of water: To identify all direct and indirect use of water (drinking, washing/bathing, agricultural and other purposes) in the study stretch-though consultation with local communities, officials of the Page: 11-10; Table 11.5 Government Departments.
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