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Longitudinal Distribution of the Fish Fauna in the River Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur

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Longitudinal Distribution of the Fish Fauna in the River Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur AL SCI UR EN 63 T C A E N F D O N U A N D D A E I Journal of Applied and Natural Science 5 (1): 63-68 (2013) T L I O P N P A JANS ANSF 2008 Longitudinal distribution of the fish fauna in the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur Prakash Nautiyal*, Asheesh Shivam Mishra, K.R. Singh1 and Upendra Singh Aquatic Biodiversity Unit, Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, HNB Garhwal University Srinagar- 246174 (Uttarakhand), INDIA 1K.L. Degree College, Allahabad- 211002( UP), INDIA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received:October 1, 2012; Revised received: January 31, 2013; Accepted:February 25, 2013 Abstract: Fish fauna of the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur consisted of 140 fish species from 9 orders and 25 families; 63 fish species from 6 orders and 12 families in the mountain section (MS), while 122 species from 9 orders and 25 families in the Plains section (PS) of Upper Ganga. Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were most species rich order and family in both sections. Forty six fish species primarily Cypriniformes and Siluriformes are common to both sections, only 17 in MS and 76 in PS. Orders Tetradontiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Clupeiformes were present in PS only. The taxonomic richness in the MS was low compared to PS. Probably motility and physiological requirements in respect of tolerance for temperature restrict faunal elements. Keywords: Cyprinidae, Fish distribution, Gangetic plains, Himalaya, River continuum INTRODUCTION available on the longitudinal distribution of fish fauna in Distributional patterns of organisms are controlled by the Ganga river especially from mountain (Gangotri to dispersal mechanism, historical factors (connecting Haridwar) to upper plain section (Haridwar to Kanpur). pathways, dispersal barriers) and tolerance to In view of the paucity of such information, a study was environmental factors (Carter et al., 1980). According to made to investigate the longitudinal distribution of fish Gregory et al. (1991) streams are intimately related to fauna in the Ganga river from Gangotri to Kanpur. their drainage basin, their linear form maximizing the MATERIALS AND METHODS interface between terrestrial and aquatic environments. Study area: Mountain section (MS) i.e. from Gangotri to Climate, geological vegetation, land use and topographic Haridwar and plains section-Upper Ganga (PS-UG) from conditions in a basin determine the hydrology and Haridwar to Kanpur. The primary and secondary data chemistry of receiving waters with direct effects on the were used for preparing a list of fish species in the MS stream organism (Wiley et al., 1997). The river Ganga is and PS. Primary data were collected with the help of local a holy river of India and has been declared as a National fishermen by using cast nets and other indigenous traps River by the Government of India. It originates at during 2010-2011 from the river Bhagirathi (at Dharasu Gaumukh (Himalaya) and flows down to Gangasagar and Chham) and Alakananda (at Karanprayag, (plains) traversing a distance of 2525 km. Various Rudrapryag and Srinagar) during pre and post monsoon anthropogenic activities viz. urbanisation, hydropower, season. The samples could not be collected in the megadevelopmental projects, agriculture and pollution monsoon season as high flows prevent the use of cast directly or indirectly change the physical and chemical nets. The collected samples were preserved in 10% characteristics of the river along its length. Thus the formalin and brought to the laboratory for further characteristics that govern the distributional patterns of analysis. The fish fauna was identified using Day (1958), the aquatic fauna (Allan, 1995) are altered. Thus an effort Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Jayaram (2002). The was made to determine the distributional patterns of the secondary sources are Singh et al. (1987); Nautiyal et al. fish fauna in the mountain and plain sections (Upper (2007); Nautiyal et al. (2010); www. thdc.gov.in/ Ganga) of the Ganga river, as it would help to know the writereaddata/english/pdf. impact of anthropogenic activities on fish communities. Fragmented information is available on the distributional RESULTS AND DISCUSSION patterns of the fish fauna in the Ganga river (Singh et al., Fish fauna of the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur 1987; Rao, 2001; O’Keeffe et al., 2012). No information is consisted of 140 fish species from 9 orders and 25 ISSN : 0974-9411 (Print), 2231-5209 (Online) All Rights Reserved © Applied and Natural Science Foundation www.ansfoundation.org 64 Prakash Nautiyal et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 5 (1): 63-68 (2013) Table 1. Distribution of fish fauna in the mountain and upper plain of the Ganga river from Gangotri to Kanpur. Acronyms: MS- Mountain Section, PS- Plain Section. Fish nomenclature is based on Jayaram (2000) and Mahanta et al. (2001). Taxa MS PS Taxa MS PS Order- Cypriniformes 49. Garra prashadi (Hora) + + Family- Cyprinidae 50. Amblypharyngodon melettina 1. Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton) + + (Valenciennes) - + 2. Schizothoraichthys progastus (McClleland) + + 51. Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker) - + 3. Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel) + + 52. Amblyphryngodon mola (Hamilton) + 4. Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) + + 53. Esomus danricus (Hamilton) + + 5. Schizothorax sinuatus (Heckel) + + 54. Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton) + 6. Schizothorax esocinus (Heckel) + 55. Catla catla (Hamilton) + 7. Schizothorax curviforns (Heckel) + 56. Chagunius chagunio (Hamilton) + 8. Schizothorax niger (Heckel) + 57. Chela laubuca (Hamilton) + 9. Schizothorax intermedius (McClleland) + 58. Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton) + + 10. Schizothorax micropogon (Heckel) + 11. Barilius barila (Hamilton) + + 59. Rasbora elanga (Hamilton) + 12. Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton) + + 60. Raiamas bola (Hamilton) + + 13. Barilius bola (Hamilton) + + 61. Hypothalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) + 14. Barilius dimorphicus Family- Balitoridae (Tilak & Husain) + 62. Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton) + + 15. Barilius barna (Hamilton) + 63. Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton) + 16. Barilius vagra (Hamilton) + + 64. Nemacheilus montanus (McClleland) + + 17. Barilius modestus (Day) + 65. Nemacheilus rupecola (McClleland) + + 18. Barilius shacra (Hamilton) + 66. Nemochilus beavani (Gunther) + + 19. Labeo bata (Hamilton) + 67. Nemochilus multifasciatus (Day) + + 20. Labeo boga (Bloch) + 68. Nemochilus Savona (Hamilton) + + 21. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) + + 69. Nemochilus scaturigina (McClleland) + 22. Labeo dero (Hamilton) + + 70. Nemochilus zonatus (McClleland) + + 23. Labeo dyocheilus (Day) + + Family-Cobitidae 24. Labeo angra (Hamilton) + 71. Botia almorhae (Gray) + 25. Labeo gonius (Hamilton) + + 72. Botia dario (Hamilton) + + 26. Labeo pangusia (Hamilton) + 73. Botia lohachata (Chaudhari) + 27. Labeo rohita (Hamilton) + 74. Lepidocephalus guntea (Hamilton) + 28. Laubuca atper (Hamilton) + Order- Siluriformes 29. Puntius chagunio (Hamilton) + Family- Bagridae 30. Puntius chola (Hamilton) + 75. Mystus aor (Hamilton) + 31. Puntius conchonius (Hamilton) + 76. Mystus bleekeri (Day) + 32. Puntius sarana (Hamilton) + + 77. Mystus cavasius (Hamilton) + 33. Puntius sophore (Hamilton) + + 78. Mystus menoda (Hamilton) + 34. Puntius spp. (Hamilton) + 79. Mystus seenghala (Sykes) + 35. Puntius ticto (Hamilton) + + 80. Mystus tengara (Hamilton) + + 36. Tor putitora (Hamilton) + + 81. Mystus vittatus (Bloch) + 37. Tor tor (Hamilton) + + 82. Rita rita (Hamilton) + + 38. Tor chilinoides (McClleland) + Family-Amblycipitidae 39. Aspidoparia jaya (Hamilton) + 40. Aspidoparia morar (Hamilton) + 83. Amblyceps mangois (Hamilton) + 41. Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton) + + Family-Chacidae 42. Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) + 84. Chaca chaca (Hamilton) + 43. Danio devario (Hamilton) + + Family-Siluridae 44. Danio rerio (Hamilton) + + 85. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) + 45. Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) - + 86. Ompok boopis (Hamilton) + 46. Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) + 87. Ompok pabda (Hamilton) + 47. Garra gotyla gotyla (Gray) + + 88. Ompok pavole (Hamilton) + 48. Garra lamta (Hamilton) + 89. Wallago attu (Bloch) + Prakash Nautiyal et al. / J. Appl. & Nat. Sci. 5 (1): 63-68 (2013) 65 Table 1. Contd. Table 1. Contd. Taxa MS PS Taxa MS PS Family-Heteropneustidae 116. Macrognathus pancalus (Hamilton) + 90. Heteropneustes fossilis (Hamilton) + 117. Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) + + Family-Pangasiidae Order-Perciformes 91. Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton) + Family-Channidae Family- Schilbeidae 118. Channa gachua (Hamilton) + + 92. Ailia coila (Hamilton) + 119. Channa marulius (Hamilton) + 93. Clupisoma garua (Hamilton) + + 120. Channa punctatus (Bloch) + 94. Clupisoma montana (Hora) + 121. Channa stewartii (Playfair) + 95. Pseudotropius atherinoides (Bloch) + 122. Channa striata (Bloch) + 96. Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton) + 123. Chanda nama (Hamilton) + 97. Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton) + 124. Chanda ranga (Hamilton) + 98. Silonia silondia (Hamilton) + 125. Ophiocephalus punctatus (Bloch) + Family-Sisoridae Family-Nandidae 99. Sisor rabdophorus (Hamilton) + 126. Nandus nandus (Hamilton) + 100. Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton) + + 127. Badis badis (Hamilton) + 101. Gagata cenia (Hamilton) + Family-Belontiidae 102. Nangra nangra (Hamilton) + 128. Colisa fasciatus (Schneider) + + 103. Glyptothorax dakpathari 129. Colisa lalia (Hamilton) + (Tilak & Husain) + Family- Sciaenidae 104. Glyptothorax indicus (Talwar) + 130. Sciaena coitor (Hamilton) now valid 105. Glyptothorax pectinopterus as Johnius coitor (Hamilton) + (McClleland) + + Family-Gobiidae 106. Glyptothorax
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