DOCSLIB.ORG

John Adair: an Early Map-Maker and His Work

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
John Adair: an Early Map-Maker and His Work Scottish Geographical Magazine ISSN: 0036-9225 (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsgj19 John Adair: An early map-maker and his work Harry R.G. Inglis F.S.A. Scot. To cite this article: Harry R.G. Inglis F.S.A. Scot. (1918) John Adair: An early map-maker and his work, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 34:2, 60-66, DOI: 10.1080/14702541808554887 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702541808554887 Published online: 30 Jan 2008. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 10 View related articles Citing articles: 2 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rsgj19 Download by: [University of Birmingham] Date: 09 June 2016, At: 21:30 6O ~CO'FEISH GEOGRAPHICALMAGAZII~E. JOHN ADAIR: AN EARLY MAP-MAKER AND HIS WORK. By HARRY R. G. INGLIS, F.S.A. Scot. W~SN a wordy dispute arises between two antagonists of fairly equal c~libre, however important the point at issue may be, the onlooker is usually only interested in its amusing side. In no case is this side more observable than in the papers preserved in the Register House, Edin- burgh relating to Slezer, the author of Theat¢'u~n Scoriae, and John Adair, the map-maker. Of Adair's personality or history we know tittle more than that between 1682 and 1688 he drew a series of maps of the Scottish counties, of the fines~ quality, the originals of which are preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh ; the British Museum, London ; and the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Other maps are known to have existed, but these, and a few of his "Sea Maps," are all that have come to light so far. These maps are, in almost every respect, models of workman- ship, being clear, minute, and with an artistic effect in their appearance, quite different from the confused manuscripts of Timothy Pont. But, on the other hand, the Register House papers reveal a not very satisfactory state of affairs for which there is no adequate explanation. Large sums of money were given to Adair from time to time, without any visible result being attained in the way of issuing the maps. From the Privy Council Records we know ~hat in 1682 he got a subsidy of £100 a year, to enable him ~o complete a series of County Maps of Scotland which he projected, and although these were actually sum'eyed and drawn by 1686, it was not till long after Adair was dead that the chief maps were engraved and published. As there is no public record of what Adair did, or was expected to do, to understand the earlier course of events between the Privy Council grant in 1682, and the Register House papers beginning 1691, we have to go to the maps themselves, and as they are nearly all dated, we can see the rapid progress made at this period. Assuming that he would begin at Edinburgh, and then do West Lothian (neither map is dated, nor is Ciackmannan), the following is the list of manuscripts extant :-- Date. Map. Manuscript in Midlothi~n Advocates' Library. Downloaded by [University of Birmingham] at 21:30 09 June 2016 West Lothian" Do. Clackmannan. Do. East Lothia~ . Bodleian and Advocates' L~brary :less complete)3 1683 Forth Do. do. 1683 Strathearn Add-coates' Library. 1684 Eas~ Fife Do. ]685 Stirlingshire . British ~WIuseum and Advocates' Library (less complete)3 1686 Clyde Chart . Bodleian Library. 1686 West of Scotland . British Museum and Advocates' Library (less complete)3. Ettrick Forest Advocates' Library. See note at end. JOHN ADAIR: AN EARLY MAP-I~IAKER AiND HIS WORK. 61 With the completion of these maps passes what might be called the most satisfactory period of Adair's life, and as the date of the last map came fairly near the political crisis of 1688, it is a natural inference that the advent of William and Mary brought about a new set of conditions, and in the process Adair was dropped and his work unsupported. Be that as it may, Adair was "ready to perish" for want of funds in 1686, and it was not till 1691 that help appears to have been given in some form° As already stated, it is not by any means clear in what relation Adair stood to the authorities, for all along he seems to have been working on the maps, but whether it was through having a little means of his own, or through the help of Sir Robert Sibbald, his patron--the Geographer Royal for Scotland--is so far quite unknown. The Register House papers, however, contain a series of reports, in which Adair, having succeeded in interesting the authorities, informs a Commission, in 1692, that four maps are complete--The Water of Forth, the ~¥ater of Tay, the Water of Clyde, and St. Abb's Head to (~Sunderland Point), land maps of East Lothian, West Lothian, Middle Lothian ; one of Stirlingshire and Menteith ; one of Clackman- nanshire ; two of Fife and Kinross-shire ~ one of Perthshire ; one about Angus ~ one general map of Gallowayshire ~ one of Nithsdale and Ren- frew ; 1 and one particular map of Cunningham and Renfrew. So satisfied were the Commission with his work, and with his pro- posals to go on with a series of "Sea Maps," that a tax of 4s. a ton was lev~ed on all "foreign" shipping at the Scottish ports, and ls. a ton on home shipping, the revenue to be collected and handed to Adair to prepare maps for the use of mariners. All was well so far. But at this point a Captain Slezer--an Artillery officer, described as a "High German "--appears on the scene ; says he is compiling a most important book relating to Scotland, with many pictures ; asserts that his work is of equal national importance to Adair's; and claims a share of this tax. Withdu~ any reason being given, his claim is admitted ; so ~hat one can only imagine that, in the political changes of the time, Siezer had some Court influence through service rendered to William of Orange, and that for this reason his application was successful. Thereupon ensued a continuous wrangle between Slezer and Adair, which lasted for many years. Adair would apply for a grant towards his expenses, and, getting some money, Slezer would immediately apply Downloaded by [University of Birmingham] at 21:30 09 June 2016 for his proportion, only to find that, as the funds were low, there was little for him. Then Adair applies for more money, pleads great poverty after heavy outlays, which, when Slezer hears of, he instantly urges the Commissioners not to pay Adair anything more, because he has not done what he undertook to do. After much wrangling, each gets some- thing; but Slezer is never satisfied, while Adair's expenses are always increasing. The unfortunate and inexplicable fact is that Slezer's statements seem perfectly true. We know that by 1686 Adair had drawn and 1 This name, duplicated in the next rnap~ is not lucid, as Nithsdale and Renfrew are not contiguous. 62 SCOTTISH GEOGRAPHICAL MAGAZINE. completed all his "Land Maps," for which he had drawn his salary, and yet they were never issued. He reports that in 1694 ten "Sea Maps " and ten "Land Maps" were finished, four others were almost ready, and still the Commission seem to be quite satisfied. But, alas, in 1695 he is no further forward, and in 1696 they are still not finished. In 1698 Adair gets another £600 1 for a West Coast Survey, and yet, strange to say, the other maps still remained unpublished. Nevertheless, Adair gives a full list of his disbursements; explains that in 1692 he brought an engraver (Moxon)from Holland; in 1695 he says that Mr. Clark, the engraver, has finished several maps; in 1696 he has paid 21101 for engraving, £85 1 for large copperplates, £921 for polishing same, and still the Commission are satisfied, and Adair continues to get his money. Poor Slezer, on the other hand, is ignored, and his requests for money seem either to be held over, or granted only after persistent pleading. App~zently he is not a 2ersona grata. In the later papers the vituperations come to a climax, for Slezer roundly makes the charge against Adair to the Commissioners that he is no further forward in 1695 than he was in 1694, and that Adair is just inventing excuses for not completing the maps, in order to obtain more money° In return for this, Adair in[orms the Commissioners that Slezer is au "illiterat stranger," gathering together a big volume of scraps "only to amaze " the country, attempting a work that would tax the ability of the most learned men in Scotland, and that most of the book consists of scraps from authors as unlearned as himself; that Slezer sits at home in corn[err, while Adair in his surveying expeditions has been three times driven on shore by storms, and has had great hardships and perils. At this period the Register House papers cease, but we know that in the end five maps of the East Coast were issued in a little Atlas in 1703, with descriptions by Adair, prefaced by a Map of Scotland. This latter was apparently copied from one issued a century previously by a French geographer, Nicolay, but no important changes were made in the outline of the less known North of Scotland, such as we would expect if Adair had surveyed the West Coast, as he.claimed, for the outline of the Hebrides is not changed from that of Mercator of 1564.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • P25-Winterton
    A 100-year record of changing toxic algae in Scottish coastal waters relating to climate change Cathy Winterton1, William Austin1,2, Eileen Bresnan3 and Keith Davidson1 ¹Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland, ²University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland, ³Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, Scotland. Background Dinoflagellates are known to have responded to climate change. Data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) show that regional distribution and abundance of some HAB genera have changed in the northeast Atlantic in the past 50 years. These changes correspond to increasing sea surface temperatures and windier summers, drivers that are associated with climate change (Edwards et al., 2006, Hinder et al., 2012). In Scottish waters, the Group I strain in the Alexandrium tamarense species complex are potent producers of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins. The non toxin producing Group III strain (as defined by Lilly et al., 2007) —previously thought to be limited to the south coast of England— has recently been recorded around the Scottish coast (Collins et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2010). Figure 2| PSP concentrations in Scottish shellfish (1991-2013). Figure 3| Monthly averaged Alexandrium cell counts from Stonehaven monitoring site (1996-2013). Figures 2 & 3 are derived from coastal ecosystem monitoring programmes. Figure 2 combines data from Marine Scotland Science (MSS) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS). Figure 3 is based on MSS data. These plots show the changes in the toxicity of Scottish shellfish since monitoring began (fig. 2), alongside Alexandrium cell counts at MSS’s Stonehaven monitoring site on the east coast of Scotland (fig.3). The cell counts show variability in the abundance and timing of Alexandrium blooms (source: Eileen Bresnan, MSS).
    [Show full text]
  • First Minister
    BRIEFING FOR THE FIRST MINISTER SG/UNICEF SOCIAL POLICY SUMMIT ON TACKLING CHILD POVERTY TUESDAY 10th April 2018 Key message Scotland and China face common challenges and have much to gain from working together to meet our obligations on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the UN Sustainable Goals for Development. Scotland is an outward looking country and we will continue to be good global citizens and play our part in the fight against global poverty, inequality and injustice. We are committed to sharing Scotland’s approach to tackling and measuring child poverty with Chinese policy makers. What Joint SG/UNICEF social policy summit (hosted by the Chinese Friendship Association) on tackling child poverty - “Children’s Rights and Equity: closing gaps for the poorest children”. Opening with: FM key note speech on the importance of tackling child poverty to promote social justice. To note: the key note speech will be followed by a roundtable (facilitated by UNICEF) between Scottish policy makers/academics and Chinese counterparts (FM will not attend this). Simultaneous translation Why [REDACTED] Stimulate future joint working between Scotland and China, to tackle child poverty. To note: the key note speech will be followed by a roundtable (facilitated by UNICEF) between Scottish policy makers/academics and Chinese counterparts (FM will not attend this). Who Audience of 150 Chinese policy makers, social policy students and academics, including: President of Chinese Friendship Association - Li Xiaolin [MS LEE] UNICEF Representative
    [Show full text]
  • Edinburgh's Christmas and Edinburgh's Hogmanay
    Culture and Communities Committee 10.00am, Tuesday, 10 September 2019 Edinburgh’s Christmas and Edinburgh’s Hogmanay - Key Performance Indicators 2018/19 Executive/routine Executive Wards All Council Commitments 46 1. Recommendations 1.1 The Culture and Communities Committee is asked to note: 1.1.1 the extension of the Christmas and Hogmanay contracts under delegated authority for a period of two years (2020/21 and 2021/22) and terminating them one year early in March 2022 at the conclusion of Edinburgh’s Christmas and Edinburgh’s Hogmanay 2021/22; and 1.1.2 the outcomes of the 2018/19 events. Paul Lawrence Executive Director of Place Contact: David Waddell, Senior Events Officer E-mail: [email protected] | Tel: 0131 529 4929 Report Edinburgh’s Christmas and Edinburgh’s Hogmanay - Key Performance Indicators 2018/19 2. Executive Summary 2.1 This report provides an update on Edinburgh’s Christmas and Edinburgh’s Hogmanay 2018/19 against both events’ Key Performance Indicators. 3. Background 3.1 Underbelly is contracted from April 2017 to March 2023 to deliver up to six editions of Edinburgh’s Hogmanay and Edinburgh’s Christmas. The contract is structured as an initial three years (concluding 2019/20), with a further three years permitted on an annual basis subject to performance. Through the delivery of this Festival and event programme, the Council aims to ensure that Edinburgh maintains its position as an attractive destination city for residents and visitors throughout the winter season and to: 3.1.1 deliver an event of
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Forfar, the Archaeological Implications of Development
    Freshwater Scottish loch settlements of the Late Medieval and Early Modern periods; with particular reference to northern Stirlingshire, central and northern Perthshire, northern Angus, Loch Awe and Loch Lomond Matthew Shelley PhD The University of Edinburgh 2009 Declaration The work contained within this thesis is the candidate’s own and has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed ……………………………………………………………………………… Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have provided me with support, advice and information throughout my research. These include: Steve Boardman, Nick Dixon, Gordon Thomas, John Raven, Anne Crone, Chris Fleet, Ian Orrock, Alex Hale, Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust, Scottish Natural Heritage. Abstract Freshwater loch settlements were a feature of society, indeed the societies, which inhabited what we now call Scotland during the prehistoric and historic periods. Considerable research has been carried out into the prehistoric and early historic origins and role of artificial islands, commonly known as crannogs. However archaeologists and historians have paid little attention to either artificial islands, or loch settlements more generally, in the Late Medieval or Early Modern periods. This thesis attempts to open up the field by examining some of the physical, chorographic and other textual evidence for the role of settled freshwater natural, artificial and modified islands during these periods. It principally concentrates on areas of central Scotland but also considers the rest of the mainland. It also places the evidence in a broader British, Irish and European context. The results indicate that islands fulfilled a wide range of functions as secular and religious settlements. They were adopted by groups from different cultural backgrounds and provided those exercising lordship with the opportunity to exercise a degree of social detachment while providing a highly visible means of declaring their authority.
    [Show full text]
  • GAME and COARSE ANGLING in SCOTLAND the Economic Impact of GAME and COARSE ANGLING in SCOTLAND
    The Economic Impact of GAME AND COARSE ANGLING IN SCOTLAND The Economic Impact of GAME AND COARSE ANGLING IN SCOTLAND Scottish Executive Edinburgh 2004 © Crown copyright 2004 ISBN 0 7559 4184 5 Published by Scottish Executive St Andrew’s House Edinburgh Produced for the Scottish Executive by Astron B34971 03-04 Further copies are available from The Stationery Office Bookshop 71 Lothian Road Edinburgh EH3 9AZ Tel: 0870 606 55 66 The text pages of this document are produced from 100% elemental chlorine-free, environmentally-preferred material and are 100% recyclable. Research Report: The Economic Impact of Game and Coarse Angling in Scotland Alan Radford, Geoff Riddington, John Anderson, Glasgow Caledonian University Hervey Gibson, Cogentsi Research International Ltd Prepared for Scottish Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department 1 2 Contents Foreword………………………………………………….. 7 Executive Summary……………………………………… 9 1 Introduction................................................................15 1.1 Background ........................................................................................ 15 1.2 Outputs............................................................................................... 15 1.3 Structure of the Research Report...................................................... 17 1.4 Overview of the study method........................................................... 17 1.5 Acknowledgements:........................................................................... 18 2 Literature Review.......................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 7 — June 2005 (PDF)
    Issue 7 June 2005 CAIRT Newsletter of the Scottish Maps Forum In this issue: UNVEILING SCOTLAND • Unveiling Scotland – new British Library websites The British Library has launched several exciting new • John Watt in Renfrewshire websites, under the banner title Collect Britain. These • Map-related talks, exhibitions include many manuscript and printed maps, views and and publications photographs of Scotland. • Notes and queries – The Fisheries Revived With items dating from 800-1600, The Unveiling of Britain • Recent acquisition – Thomas displays over 800 zoomable images of the earliest Jefferys’ Map of the River Forth. manuscript and printed maps of the British Isles, often little _______________________ known. Many are early general maps of Britain, but several SCOTTISH MAPS FORUM relate to conflicts with the ‘Auld Enemy’, so do not have a The Forum was initiated by the National counterpart in Scotland. Library of Scotland in January 2002: To stimulate and to encourage multi- The earliest map displayed, a simple circular world map of th disciplinary map use, study and the 9 century, includes the name ‘Orcades’ (Orkney) while research, particularly relating to Scottish ignoring the rest of Britain. About 1250 Matthew Paris’s maps and mapmakers maps give a rudimentary outline of Scotland, but more To disseminate information on Scottish information on England (he was a monk based in St maps and map collections Albans). John Harding’s maps of Scotland in 1450 are To record information on maps and dramatic colourful illustrations of the relationship of maps mapmaking, particularly in a Scottish context and political power, created in support of the English king’s To liaise with other groups and claim to rule Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • The 'When, Why & Wherefore' of Scotland
    THE 'WHEN, WHY & WHEREFORE' OF SCOTLAND Alex Woolf cotland. We take the name for cargo of slaves. In this later Roman word Scotus as 'Irishman'. Once again, granted but where did it come usage the word Scoti denoted the it is not as simple as that. Around Sfrom and how and when did it raiders rather than any ethnic group about AD 850 there was an Irish first come to be usedPThe kingdom we (much like the later word viking). scholar working on the Continent who like to think of as 'Scotland' was Where the Romans got this term for was known to his contemporaries as founded by the kings descended from Irish raiders is something of a mystery. Johannes Scotus Eriugena. Now this Cinaed mac Ailpin (Kenneth There is no obvious Celtic word, translates from Latin into modern MacAlpine) c. AD 900. But the fol- either British or Irish, which appears English as 'John the Scot born-in-Ire- lowers of the Alpinid kings were Gael- similar and is used in this sense. Sur- land'. If Scotus simply meant Irishman ic speakers who called their country prisingly there is an Ancient Greek there would be no need for the Eriu- Alba, or used the Latin version of the word, Skotoi, that was used to describe gena. It seems to indicate that even at name, Albania. At about the same bands of young men who ravaged this date Latin writers on the Conti- time, however, the Anglo-Saxons neighbouring lands. It is just possible nent were aware that not all Scots were Irish (though some clearly were).
    [Show full text]
  • Edinburgh's Winter Festivals
    EDINBURGH’S WINTER FESTIVALS EDINBURGH’S CHRISTMAS & EDINBURGH’S HOGMANAY ANNUAL REPORT 2018/19 1. Forward 2 FOREWORD on podiums and eight stages throughout the arena, there really was something for everyone. And let’s not forget the spectacular extended Edinburgh’s Christmas and Hogmanay festivals are internationally firework display. renowned and a source of real pride for the Capital. We know from the Edinburgh People’s Survey that the vast majority of The festive season got off to an exciting start last year as 15,000 residents think the festivals are a good thing, helping to raise the profile people joined in to switch on the city’s illuminations at Light Night and of the city internationally while also delivering programmes that they enjoyed performances from local stars across four stages. While people enjoy. The Winter Festivals play a key part in our year-round festival continued to enjoy the Christmas rides, attractions and shows, Santa offering and, importantly, as well as contributing to the wellbeing of our Land and of course the Christmas Markets remained popular. In a world citizens, they deliver real economic impact for the city and for Scotland first, the Street of Light returned to George Street but this time with a as a whole, benefitting tourism, hospitality and leisure sectors in silent disco! particular. There was also a huge focus on community and engaging with residents The City of Edinburgh Council is proud to support the Winter Festivals, with free events like Light Night, Nativity Carol Concert and Winter both financially and operationally. Our congratulations to Underbelly and Windows where 45 of our schools participated in a design competition, all involved on another successful year - I’m already looking forward to proving extremely popular.
    [Show full text]
  • Edinburgh's Hogmanay 19 Blazes Into Life As Thousands Gathered for The
    Press release for immediate use – 30th December 2018 Edinburgh’s Hogmanay 19 blazes into life as thousands gathered for the Torchlight Procession IMAGE LINK • 20,000 participants alongside 20,000 spectators turned out for the Torchlight Procession in magical start to Edinburgh’s Hogmanay 19 • Iconic visual message issued to the world with the fiery heart of Scotland formed by 14 stunning #ScotArt sculptures surrounded by Scotland’s outline in thousands of torches on Holyrood Park creating a spectacular finale to the Year of Young People 2018 • Scotland’s pioneering Celtic Fire Theatre company, PyroCeltica joined by young pipe and drum bands from across Scotland to lead the Procession • Edinburgh now gears up for big events on 31st including the world famous Street Party hosted by Johnnie Walker, Concert in the Gardens and Ceilidh under the Castle Participants and onlookers numbering 40,000 gathered together for the sold out Torchlight Procession this evening in Edinburgh’s historic Old Town to mark the magical start of Edinburgh’s Hogmanay 19. Families, friends, residents and visitors from 49 countries marched alongside pipe, drum and dance bands from across Scotland, including Edinburgh Samba Band, Glencorse Pipe Band and Hawick Scout Pipe Band generating a blistering beat to accompany the blazing Procession. Leading the charge this year was a 40 strong cast from Scotland’s pioneering Celtic Fire Theatre company, PyroCeltica who’s Highland Warriors showcased a dazzling array of fire skills featuring fire fans, huge flaming claymores and fire staffs, set to the booming beats of the Harbinger Drummers. Marking the conclusion of Scotland’s Year of Young People 2018, young people were firmly at the heart of the Torchlight Procession and the opening of Edinburgh’s Hogmanay as part of #ScotArt, the national youth participation project which engaged 100s of young people across Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • Divorce and Separation in Scotland, C
    Butler, Meagan Lee (2014) "Husbands without wives, and wives without husbands": divorce and separation in Scotland, c. 1830-1890. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5264/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] “Husbands without wives, and wives without husbands”: Divorce and Separation in Scotland, c. 1830-1890 Meagan Lee Butler BS (Hons), MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Economic and Social History School of Social and Political Sciences College of Social Sciences University of Glasgow May 2014 2 Abstract This thesis explores divorce and judicial separation as it occurred in nineteenth-century Scotland, between the years 1830 and 1890, predating the phenomenon it came to be in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. As Scotland’s history has frequently been incorporated within a general history of Great Britain, this thesis separates it from the widely researched accounts of marriage and marital breakdown in England to highlight the different approach to regulating marriage, divorce and separation under Scots law.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Scottish Loch Settlements of The
    Freshwater Scottish loch settlements of the Late Medieval and Early Modern periods; with particular reference to northern Stirlingshire, central and northern Perthshire, northern Angus, Loch Awe and Loch Lomond Matthew Shelley PhD The University of Edinburgh 2009 Declaration The work contained within this thesis is the candidate’s own and has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed ……………………………………………………………………………… Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have provided me with support, advice and information throughout my research. These include: Steve Boardman, Nick Dixon, Gordon Thomas, John Raven, Anne Crone, Chris Fleet, Ian Orrock, Alex Hale, Perth and Kinross Heritage Trust, Scottish Natural Heritage. Abstract Freshwater loch settlements were a feature of society, indeed the societies, which inhabited what we now call Scotland during the prehistoric and historic periods. Considerable research has been carried out into the prehistoric and early historic origins and role of artificial islands, commonly known as crannogs. However archaeologists and historians have paid little attention to either artificial islands, or loch settlements more generally, in the Late Medieval or Early Modern periods. This thesis attempts to open up the field by examining some of the physical, chorographic and other textual evidence for the role of settled freshwater natural, artificial and modified islands during these periods. It principally concentrates on areas of central Scotland but also considers the rest of the mainland. It also places the evidence in a broader British, Irish and European context. The results indicate that islands fulfilled a wide range of functions as secular and religious settlements. They were adopted by groups from different cultural backgrounds and provided those exercising lordship with the opportunity to exercise a degree of social detachment while providing a highly visible means of declaring their authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The Great Highland Bagpipe in the Eastern United States :inception, development, and perpetuation REGAN, PATRICK,WILLIAM How to cite: REGAN, PATRICK,WILLIAM (2016) The Great Highland Bagpipe in the Eastern United States :inception, development, and perpetuation , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11626/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ABSTRACT This study is an analysis of the inception, development, and perpetuation of the Great Highland Bagpipe (GHB) in the United States, and in particular examines the culture and community of competitive bagpiping. With a focus on the Eastern United States, the study traces the inception and development of bagpiping through three distinct eras. In the first two eras, the GHB enjoyed increasing degrees of popularity among various populations in the United States, before its presence declined almost to the point of extinction.
    [Show full text]