Muscles of Facial Expression in Extinct Species of the Genus Homo
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Cave Bear Ecology and Interactions With
CAVEBEAR ECOLOGYAND INTERACTIONSWITH PLEISTOCENE HUMANS MARYC. STINER, Department of Anthropology,Building 30, Universityof Arizona,Tucson, AZ 85721, USA,email: [email protected] Abstract:Human ancestors (Homo spp.), cave bears(Ursus deningeri, U. spelaeus), andbrown bears (U. arctos) have coexisted in Eurasiafor at least one million years, andbear remains and Paleolithic artifacts frequently are found in the same caves. The prevalenceof cave bearbones in some sites is especiallystriking, as thesebears were exceptionallylarge relative to archaichumans. Do artifact-bearassociations in cave depositsindicate predation on cave bearsby earlyhuman hunters, or do they testify simply to earlyhumans' and cave bears'common interest in naturalshelters, occupied on different schedules?Answering these and other questions aboutthe circumstancesof human-cave bear associationsis made possible in partby expectations developedfrom research on modem bearecology, time-scaledfor paleontologicand archaeologic applications. Here I review availableknowledge on Paleolithichuman-bear relations with a special focus on cave bears(Middle Pleistocene U. deningeri)from YarimburgazCave, Turkey.Multiple lines of evidence show thatcave bearand human use of caves were temporallyindependent events; the apparentspatial associations between human artifacts andcave bearbones areexplained principally by slow sedimentationrates relative to the pace of biogenicaccumulation and bears' bed preparationhabits. Hibernation-linkedbehaviors and population characteristics of cave -
K = Kenyanthropus Platyops “Kenya Man” Discovered by Meave Leaky
K = Kenyanthropus platyops “Kenya Man” Discovered by Meave Leaky and her team in 1998 west of Lake Turkana, Kenya, and described as a new genus dating back to the middle Pliocene, 3.5 MYA. A = Australopithecus africanus STS-5 “Mrs. Ples” The discovery of this skull in 1947 in South Africa of this virtually complete skull gave additional credence to the establishment of early Hominids. Dated at 2.5 MYA. H = Homo habilis KNM-ER 1813 Discovered in 1973 by Kamoya Kimeu in Koobi Fora, Kenya. Even though it is very small, it is considered to be an adult and is dated at 1.9 MYA. E = Homo erectus “Peking Man” Discovered in China in the 1920’s, this is based on the reconstruction by Sawyer and Tattersall of the American Museum of Natural History. Dated at 400-500,000 YA. (2 parts) L = Australopithecus afarensis “Lucy” Discovered by Donald Johanson in 1974 in Ethiopia. Lucy, at 3.2 million years old has been considered the first human. This is now being challenged by the discovery of Kenyanthropus described by Leaky. (2 parts) TC = Australopithecus africanus “Taung child” Discovered in 1924 in Taung, South Africa by M. de Bruyn. Raymond Dart established it as a new genus and species. Dated at 2.3 MYA. (3 parts) G = Homo ergaster “Nariokotome or Turkana boy” KNM-WT 15000 Discovered in 1984 in Nariokotome, Kenya by Richard Leaky this is the first skull dated before 100,000 years that is complete enough to get accurate measurements to determine brain size. Dated at 1.6 MYA. -
Diagnosis of Zygomaticus Muscle Paralysis Using Needle
Case Report Ann Rehabil Med 2013;37(3):433-437 pISSN: 2234-0645 • eISSN: 2234-0653 http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2013.37.3.433 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Diagnosis of Zygomaticus Muscle Paralysis Using Needle Electromyography With Ultrasonography Seung Han Yoo, MD, Hee Kyu Kwon, MD, Sang Heon Lee, MD, Seok Jun Lee, MD, Kang Wook Ha, MD, Hyeong Suk Yun, MD Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea A 22-year-old woman visited our clinic with a history of radiofrequency volumetric reduction for bilateral masseter muscles at a local medical clinic. Six days after the radiofrequency procedure, she noticed a facial asymmetry during smiling. Physical examination revealed immobility of the mouth drawing upward and laterally on the left. Routine nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography (EMG) in facial muscles did not suggest electrodiagnostic abnormalities. We assumed that the cause of facial asymmetry could be due to an injury of zygomaticus muscles, however, since defining the muscles through surface anatomy was difficult and it was not possible to identify the muscles with conventional electromyographic methods. Sono-guided needle EMG for zygomaticus muscle revealed spontaneous activities at rest and small amplitude motor unit potentials with reduced recruitment patterns on volition. Sono-guided needle EMG may be an optimal approach in focal facial nerve branch injury for the specific localization of the injury lesion. Keywords Ultrasonography-guided, Zygomaticus, Needle electromyography INTRODUCTION are performed in only the three or four muscles [2]. Also, anatomic variation and tiny muscle size pose difficulties Facial palsy is a common form of neuropathy due to to electrodiagnostic tests in the target muscles. -
An Anatomic Study on the Upper Lip Elevator Muscles in Koreans for Application of Botulinum Toxin
An Anatomic Study on the Upper Lip Elevator Muscles in Koreans for Application of Botulinum Toxin Woo-Sang Hwang The Graduate School Yonsei University Department of Dental Science An Anatomic Study on the Upper Lip Elevator Muscles in Koreans for Application of Botulinum Toxin A Masters Thesis Submitted to the Department of Dental Science And the Graduate School of Yonsei University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dental Science Woo-Sang Hwang July 2007 This certifies that the masters thesis of Woo-Sang Hwang is approved. Thesis Supervisor : Kee-Joon Lee Hyoung-Seon Baik Hee-Jin Kim The Graduate School Yonsei University July 2007 감사의 글 이 논문이 완성되기까지 따뜻한 배려와 함께 세심한 지도와 격려를 아끼지 않으신 이기준 지도 교수님께 먼저 깊은 감사를 드립니다. 귀중한 시간을 내주시어 부족한 논문을 살펴주신 백형선 교수님, 김희진 교수님께 감사드리며 교정학을 공부할 수 있도록 기회를 주시고 제가 이 자리에 설 수 있도록 인도해주신 손병화 교수님, 박영철 교수님, 황충주 교수님, 유형석 교수님, 차정열 교수님, 김경호 교수님, 최광철 교수님, 정주령 선생님께도 감사드립니다. 바쁜 와중에도 연구 방법과 세부적인 사항에 대해 많은 도움과 조언을 해주신 허경석, 허미선 선생님을 비롯한 해부학 교실 선생님들께 감사의 말씀을 드립니다. 이 논문이 나오기까지 격려해주고 조언해주었던 동기들, 이태연, 조용민, 서승아, 이한아, 정시내, 조선미 선생과 의국 선배님과 후배님 모두에게 이 자리를 빌어 감사의 마음을 전합니다. 마지막으로 항상 변함없는 사랑으로 돌봐주시고 저를 이끌어주신 아버지와 어머니, 대구에서 힘들게 군복무 중인 동생, 그리고 옆에서 항상 힘이 되어준 레미에게 감사의 마음을 전하며 이 작은 결실을 드립니다. 2007년 7 월 저자 씀 Table of Contents Tables and Figures ................................................................................................................... ii Abstract (English) ...................................................................................................................iii 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 2. -
T1 – Trunk – Bisexual
T1 – Trunk, Bisexual 3B – B30 Torso - # 02 Page 1 of 2 T1 – Trunk, Bisexual 1. Frontal region 48. Frontal bone 2. Orbital region 49. Temporalis muscle 3. Temporal region 50. Ball of the eye (ocular bulb) 4. Nasal region 51. Zygomatic bone (cheekbone) 5. Infraorbital region 52. External carotid artery 6. Infratemporal region 53. Posterior belly of digastric muscle 7. Oral region 54. tongue 8. Parotideomasseteric region 55. Mental muscle 9. Buccal region 56. Anterior belly of digastric muscle 10. Chin region 57. Hyoid bone 11. Sternocleidomastoideus muscle 58. Thyroid cartilage 12. Right internal jugular vein 59. Cricothyroid muscle 13. Right common carotid artery 60. Thyroid gland 14. Superior thyroid artery 61. Inferior thyroid vein 15. Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle 62. Scalenus anterior muscle 16. Right subclavian artery 63. Trachea (windpipe) 17. Clavicle 64. Left subclavian vein 18. Right subclavian vein 65. Left brachiocephalic vein 19. Right brachiocephalic vein 66. Superior vena cava 20. Pectoralis major muscle 67. Ascending aorta 21. Pectoralis minor muscle 68. Bifurcation of trachea 22. Right superior lobar bronchus 69. Bronchus of left inferior lobe 23. Right inferior lobar bronchus 70. Thoracic part of aorta 24. ?Serratus anterior muscle 71. Esophagus (gullet) 25. Right lung 72. External intercostal muscles 26. Diaphragm 73. Foramen of vena cava 27. 7th rib 74. Abdominal part of esophagus 28. Costal part of diaphragm 75. Spleen 29. Diaphragm, lumber part 76. Hilum of spleen 30. Right suprarenal gland 77. Celiac trunk 31. Inferior vena cava 78. Left kidney 32. Renal pyramid 79. Left renal artery and vein 33. Renal pelvis 80. -
Bipedal Hominins
INTRODUCTION Although captive chimpanzees, bonobos and other great apes have acquired some of the features of There is fairly general agreement that language is a language, including the use of symbols to denote uniquely human accomplishment. Although other objects or actions, they have not displayed species communicate in diverse ways, human anything like recursive syntax, or indeed any language has properties that stand out as special. degree of generativity beyond the occasional 4 The most obvious of these is generativity -the ability combining of symbols in pairs. To quote Pinker, to construct a potentially infinite variety of they simply don’t “get it.” This suggests that the sentences, conveying an infinite variety of common ancestor of humans and chimpanzee was meanings. Animal communication is by contrast almost certainly bereft of anything we might stereotyped and restricted to particular situations, consider to be true language. Human language and typically conveys emotional rather than must therefore have evolved its distinctive propositional information. The generativity of characteristics over the past 6 million years. Some language was noted by Descartes as one of the have claimed that this occurred in a single step, characteristics separating humans from other and recently -perhaps as recently as 170,000 years species, and has also been emphasized more ago, coincident with the emergence of our own recently by Chomsky, as in the following often- species. This is sometimes referred to as the “big quoted passage: bang” theory of language evolution. For example, Bickerton5 asserted that “… true language, via the “The unboundedness of human speech, as an emergence of syntax, was a catastrophic event, expression of limitless thought, is an entirely occurring within the first few generations of Homo different matter (from animal communication), sapiens sapiens (p. -
Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures
Rhoton Yoshioka Atlas of the Facial Nerve Unique Atlas Opens Window and Related Structures Into Facial Nerve Anatomy… Atlas of the Facial Nerve and Related Structures and Related Nerve Facial of the Atlas “His meticulous methods of anatomical dissection and microsurgical techniques helped transform the primitive specialty of neurosurgery into the magnificent surgical discipline that it is today.”— Nobutaka Yoshioka American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Nobutaka Yoshioka, MD, PhD and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr., MD have created an anatomical atlas of astounding precision. An unparalleled teaching tool, this atlas opens a unique window into the anatomical intricacies of complex facial nerves and related structures. An internationally renowned author, educator, brain anatomist, and neurosurgeon, Dr. Rhoton is regarded by colleagues as one of the fathers of modern microscopic neurosurgery. Dr. Yoshioka, an esteemed craniofacial reconstructive surgeon in Japan, mastered this precise dissection technique while undertaking a fellowship at Dr. Rhoton’s microanatomy lab, writing in the preface that within such precision images lies potential for surgical innovation. Special Features • Exquisite color photographs, prepared from carefully dissected latex injected cadavers, reveal anatomy layer by layer with remarkable detail and clarity • An added highlight, 3-D versions of these extraordinary images, are available online in the Thieme MediaCenter • Major sections include intracranial region and skull, upper facial and midfacial region, and lower facial and posterolateral neck region Organized by region, each layered dissection elucidates specific nerves and structures with pinpoint accuracy, providing the clinician with in-depth anatomical insights. Precise clinical explanations accompany each photograph. In tandem, the images and text provide an excellent foundation for understanding the nerves and structures impacted by neurosurgical-related pathologies as well as other conditions and injuries. -
Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site. -
SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–Łacinsłownik Anatomiczny (Angielsko-Łacińsko-Polski)´ SKO–POLSKI)
ANATOMY WORDS (ENGLISH–LATIN–POLISH) SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–ŁACINSłownik anatomiczny (angielsko-łacińsko-polski)´ SKO–POLSKI) English – Je˛zyk angielski Latin – Łacina Polish – Je˛zyk polski Arteries – Te˛tnice accessory obturator artery arteria obturatoria accessoria tętnica zasłonowa dodatkowa acetabular branch ramus acetabularis gałąź panewkowa anterior basal segmental artery arteria segmentalis basalis anterior pulmonis tętnica segmentowa podstawna przednia (dextri et sinistri) płuca (prawego i lewego) anterior cecal artery arteria caecalis anterior tętnica kątnicza przednia anterior cerebral artery arteria cerebri anterior tętnica przednia mózgu anterior choroidal artery arteria choroidea anterior tętnica naczyniówkowa przednia anterior ciliary arteries arteriae ciliares anteriores tętnice rzęskowe przednie anterior circumflex humeral artery arteria circumflexa humeri anterior tętnica okalająca ramię przednia anterior communicating artery arteria communicans anterior tętnica łącząca przednia anterior conjunctival artery arteria conjunctivalis anterior tętnica spojówkowa przednia anterior ethmoidal artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior tętnica sitowa przednia anterior inferior cerebellar artery arteria anterior inferior cerebelli tętnica dolna przednia móżdżku anterior interosseous artery arteria interossea anterior tętnica międzykostna przednia anterior labial branches of deep external rami labiales anteriores arteriae pudendae gałęzie wargowe przednie tętnicy sromowej pudendal artery externae profundae zewnętrznej głębokiej -
Arguments That Prehistorical and Modern Humans Belong to the Same Species
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 6 May 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0038.v1 Arguments that Prehistorical and Modern Humans Belong to the Same Species Rainer W. Kühne Tuckermannstr. 35, 38118 Braunschweig, Germany e-mail: [email protected] May 2, 2019 Abstract called either progressive Homo erectus or archaic Homo sapiens. I argue that the evidence of the Out-of-Africa A more primitive group of prehistorical hu- hypothesis and the evidence of multiregional mans is sometimes classified as Homo erec- evolution of prehistorical humans can be un- tus, but mostly classified as belonging to dif- derstood if there has been interbreeding be- ferent species. These include Homo anteces- tween Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, sor, Homo cepranensis, Homo erectus, Homo and Homo sapiens at least during the preced- ergaster, Homo georgicus, Homo heidelbergen- ing 700,000 years. These interbreedings require sis, Homo mauretanicus, and Homo rhodesien- descendants who are capable of reproduction sis. Sometimes the more primitive Homo habilis and therefore parents who belong to the same is regarded as belonging to the same species as species. I suggest that a number of prehistori- Homo ergaster. cal humans who are at present regarded as be- A further species is Homo floresiensis, a dwarf longing to different species belong in fact to one form known from Flores, Indonesia. This species single species. shows some anatomical characteristics which are similar to those of the more primitive humans Keywords Homo ergaster and Homo georgicus and other Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo anatomical characteristics which are similar to erectus, Homo floresiensis, Neandertals, Deniso- those of Homo sapiens [1][2][3]. -
Evolution of the 'Homo' Genus
MONOGRAPH Mètode Science StudieS Journal (2017). University of Valencia. DOI: 10.7203/metode.8.9308 Article received: 02/12/2016, accepted: 27/03/2017. EVOLUTION OF THE ‘HOMO’ GENUS NEW MYSTERIES AND PERSPECTIVES JORDI AGUSTÍ This work reviews the main questions surrounding the evolution of the genus Homo, such as its origin, the problem of variability in Homo erectus and the impact of palaeogenomics. A consensus has not yet been reached regarding which Australopithecus candidate gave rise to the first representatives assignable to Homo and this discussion even affects the recognition of the H. habilis and H. rudolfensis species. Regarding the variability of the first palaeodemes assigned to Homo, the discovery of the Dmanisi site in Georgia called into question some of the criteria used until now to distinguish between species like H. erectus or H. ergaster. Finally, the emergence of palaeogenomics has provided evidence that the flow of genetic material between old hominin populations was wider than expected. Keywords: palaeogenomics, Homo genus, hominins, variability, Dmanisi. In recent years, our concept of the origin and this species differs from H. rudolfensis in some evolution of our genus has been shaken by different secondary characteristics and in its smaller cranial findings that, far from responding to the problems capacity, although some researchers believe that that arose at the end of the twentieth century, have Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis correspond to reopened debates and forced us to reconsider models the same species. that had been considered valid Until the mid-1970s, there for decades. Some of these was a clear Australopithecine questions remain open because candidate to occupy the «THE FIRST the fossils that could give us position of our genus’ ancestor, the answer are still missing. -
Robust User Identification Based on Facial Action Units Unaffected By
Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences j 2018 Robust user identification based on facial action units unaffected by users’ emotions Ricardo Buettner Aalen University, Germany [email protected] Abstract—We report on promising results concerning the iden- we combine the biometric capture with a PIN request, which tification of a user just based on its facial action units. The is a rule in access validation systems [2,3], we reached a related Random Forests classifier which analyzed facial action very good false positive rate of only 7.633284e-06 (over unit activity captured by an ordinary webcam achieved very 99.999 percent specificity). good values for accuracy (97.24 percent) and specificity (99.92 On the basis of our results we can offer some interest- percent). In combination with a PIN request the degree of ing theoretical insights, e.g. which facial action units are specificity raised to over 99.999 percent. The proposed bio- the most predictive for user identification such as the lid metrical method is unaffected by a user’s emotions, easy to tightener (orbicularis oculi, pars palpebralis) and the upper use, cost efficient, non-invasive, and contact-free and can be lip raiser (levator labii superioris). In addition our work used in human-machine interaction as well as in secure access has practical implications as the proposed contactless user control systems. identification mechanism can be applied as a comfortable way to continuously recognize peo- 1. Introduction ple who are present in human-computer interaction settings, and Robust user identification is a precondition of modern an additional authentication mechanism in PIN entry human-computer interaction systems, in particular of au- systems.