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Estudio Micoflorístico De Los Hongos Poliporoides Del Estado De Hidalgo, México

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Estudio Micoflorístico De Los Hongos Poliporoides Del Estado De Hidalgo, México Núm. 29, pp. 1-28, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2010 ESTUDIO MICOFLORÍSTICO DE LOS HONGOS POLIPOROIDES DEL ESTADO DE HIDALGO, MÉXICO Leticia Romero-Bautista y Griselda Pulido-Flores Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, UAEH. Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5 Apartado Postal 069 Plaza Juárez sn, CP 42000 Col. Centro, Pachuca, Hgo. Correo electrónico: [email protected] Ricardo Valenzuela Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN., Plan de Ayala y Carpio sn. Col. Santo Tomás, México, DF, CP11340, México. Correo electrónico: [email protected] RESUMEN the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. These collec- tions were made between 1957 and 2005, Se revisaron 470 especímenes de hongos po- 83 of them by the authors between 1994 and liporoides provenientes de 34 municipios del 2005. The material is deposited primarily in estado de Hidalgo y éstas se efectuaron entre the Herbarium ENCB, but some collections 1957 y 2005 por 120 recolectores, de las are duplicated in the mycotheca of the Uni- cuales 83 especímenes fueron realizadas por versidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo los autores entre 1994 y 2005. El material se (UAEH). The species documented comprise encuentra depositado en el herbario ENCB 104 species in 62 genera, 14 families and 7 con algunos duplicados en la micoteca de la orders. Thirty-six species are new records UAEH. Se identifi caron 104 especies que se for the state of Hidalgo, including one, ubicaron dentro de 62 géneros, agrupados Inonotus ludovicianus (Pat.) Murrill, that en 14 familias y siete órdenes de la clase is the fi rst record for Mexico. Agaricomycetes. Se reportan 36 especies como nuevos registros para Hidalgo e Ino- Key words: Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, notus ludovicianus (Pat.) Murrill se cita por Cantharellales, Gloeophyllales, Hymeno- primera vez para México. chaetales, Polyporales, Russulales, Thele- phorales. Palabras clave: Agaricomycetes, Aga- ricales, Cantharellales, Gloeophyllales, INTRODUCCIÓN Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, Russulales, Thelephorales. El estado de Hidalgo es una de las entidades más pequeñas del país con sólo el 1.07% ABSTRACT de la superfi cie nacional (INEGI, 1992). Sin embargo, posee una gran diversidad de We inventoried 470 specimens of polypore organismos debido a sus diferentes climas fungi originating from 34 municipalities of y tipos de vegetación. Se encuentra ubicado 1 Núm. 29: 1-28 Marzo 2010 en el Altiplano Central del territorio nacional 76, Oaxaca y Tamaulipas con 74 y Quintana sobre una superfi cie cercana a los 21 mil Roo con 73, y entre los menos estudiados kilómetros cuadrados y una población de tendríamos a Nayarit, Querétaro, Tlaxcala y alrededor 2.2 millones de habitantes hasta el Zacatecas con menos de 10 especies conoci- año 2000 (INEGI, 2000). Por su extensión, das. Estudios recientes como el de Raymun- Hidalgo ocupa el 26avo. lugar con relación do y Valenzuela (2003) han incrementado el a los demás estados. número de especies de hongos poliporoides en Oaxaca hasta 111, el de Valenzuela et al. Se localiza entre los 19° 35’ 52” y 21° 25’ (2002, 2004a) en 87 especies para Queréta- 00” de latitud norte, y los 97° 57’ 27” y 99° ro, Díaz-Moreno et al. (2005, 2009) con 65 51’ 51” de longitud oeste. Limita al norte con y 67 especies para Durango y Chihuahua, el estado de San Luis Potosí, al noreste y este respectivamente. con Veracruz, al este y sureste con Puebla, al sur con Tlaxcala y México y al oeste con Algunos trabajos revisados reportan un Querétaro (INEGI ,1992); está constituido número aproximado de 620 especies de por 84 municipios (fi gs. 1 y 2). hongos para el estado de Hidalgo (Varela y Cifuentes 1979; Frutis y Guzmán 1983; En México, los hongos poliporoides han Villarreal y Pérez-Moreno, 1989). En cuanto sido objeto de estudio por diversos autores, a los hongos poliporoides, en el trabajo de en la mayoría de dichos casos estos hongos Bandala et al. (1993) como ya se mencionó, están incluidos en listados micofl orísticos. se habían citado 76 especies, pero en estu- Bandala et al. (1993) señalaron que la no- dios posteriores a este trabajo (Valenzuela menclatura de los poliporoides ha cambiado et al., 1994, 2004a, b, 2005, 2006, 2008) el signifi cativamente, y, como consecuencia, se número de especies de este grupo sólo se presentan grandes confusiones en el empleo incrementó a 84. Por lo que el objetivo del de los nombres de las especies. Guzmán presente trabajo es contribuir al conocimien- y Herrera (1971) y Bandala et al. (1993) to de los hongos poliporoides del estado de realizan una cuidadosa revisión de todas Hidalgo y por ende de México. las especies de poliporáceos citadas para México basándose en todas las fuentes dis- MATERIAL Y MÉTODO ponibles y presentan 357 especies, adscritas a 91 géneros agrupadas en cuatro familias En el presente estudio se revisaron los (tres especies en Fistulinaceae, 21 en Ga- hongos poliporoides que se encuentran nodermataceae, 85 en Hymenochaetaceae y depositados en el Herbario de la Escuela 248 en Polyporaceae s. str.). Estos últimos Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN autores mencionaron que estos hongos se (ENCB) y se dieron algunos duplicados a la han registrado en 30 de las 32 entidades micoteca de la Universidad Autónoma del federativas del país en donde solamente Estado de Hidalgo. Además, se efectuaron Aguascalientes y Coahuila, aparentemente 10 exploraciones en diferentes municipios carecen de registros. Ellos mismos encon- del estado de Hidalgo comprendidas en- traron al estado de Veracruz como el mejor tre 1994 y 2005, recolectándose más de representado con 186, seguido por Morelos 150 especímenes, de los cuales sólo se con 85, Nuevo León con 84, Hidalgo con han determinado 83, para todos ellos se 2 Romero-Bautista, L. et al.: Estudio micofl orístico de los hongos poliporoides del estado de Hidalgo, México. Fig. 1. Ubicación del estado de Hidalgo dentro de la República Mexicana. Fig. 2. Municipios del estado de Hidalgo. 3 Núm. 29: 1-28 Marzo 2010 siguieron los lineamientos mencionados respectivamente y solamente presentaron por Valenzuela et al. (2002) y Raymundo una especie los Agaricales, Cantharellales y Valenzuela (2003) para su caracteriza- y Thelephorales. Dentro de las familias, ción morfológica. La determinación de las la mejor representada fue la Polyporaceae especies se realizó con las obras y artículos con 20 géneros y 38 especies, siguiéndole especializados que en este grupo de hongos la Hymenochaetaceae con 11 géneros y 24 hay (Overholts, 1953; Pegler, 1964; Lowe, especies y la Fomitopsidaceae con ocho gé- 1966; Bondartsev, 1971; Domànski, 1972; neros y 11 especies. Las familias con menor Domànski et al., 1973; Gilbertson, 1974, número de especies fueron la Gloeophylla- 1976; Ryvarden y Johansen, 1980; Gil- ceae, Schizoporaceae y Meripilaceae con bertson y Ryvarden, 1986, 1987; Núñez y dos especies y la Fistulinaceae, Hydnaceae, Ryvarden, 2000; Ryvarden, 2004, 2005). Phanerochaetaceae y Bankeraceae con una El ordenamiento taxonómico que se utiliza especie. para clasifi car a las especies en el cuadro 2 es el propuesto por Kirk et al. (2008). Los géneros más abundantes fueron Phelli- nus, con ocho especies, Polyporus y Trame- RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN tes con seis especies, Ganoderma con cinco y Coltricia, Inonotus y Coriolopsis con Se estudiaron 470 especímenes provenientes cuatro especies, y las especies que fueron de 34 municipios (95 localidades) del estado más abundantes por el número de especí- de Hidalgo (cuadro 1). Los especímenes de- menes que se recolectaron fueron Trametes positados en el herbario ENCB fueron reco- versicolor (L.) Lloyd con 52 especímenes, lectados desde 1957 hasta 1993, además de Trichaptum abietinum (Dicks.) Ryvarden realizarse exploraciones más recientes por con 36 y Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden los autores entre 1994 y 2005 (se tienen 150 con 26, Coltricia perennis (L.) Murrill con especímenes), considerándose desde 1957 25, Polyporus alveolaris (DC) Bondartsev & hasta 2005 el material proviene del trabajo Singer y Cyclomyces tabacinus (Mont.) Pat. de 120 recolectores. Se determinaron 104 con 18, Climacocystis borealis (Fr.) Kotl. & especies pertenecientes a 62 géneros y 14 Pouzar con 16 y Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) familias de los órdenes Agaricales, Cantha- P. Karst. con 15 especímenes. rellales, Gloeophyllales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, Russulales y Thelephorales de Se encontraron 36 especies que son nuevos la clase Agaricomycetes. En el cuadro 2, se registros para el estado de Hidalgo, de los enlistan las 104 especies estudiadas dentro cuales el orden Polyporales tiene 17 espe- de sus respectivas familias y órdenes. Con cies, le sigue el Hymenochaetales con 15, dos asteriscos se resalta el nuevo registro después el Russulales con tres y uno en para México, y con un asterisco los que se Agaricales. La familia que tuvo un mayor mencionan por primera vez para el estado número de nuevos registros fue la Hyme- de Hidalgo. nochaetaceae con 15 y le siguió la Polypo- raceae con 12. La especie que se registra El orden Polyporales presentó el mayor por primera vez para México es Inonotus número de géneros (39) y especies (64), si- ludovicianus (véase cuadro 2). guiéndole los Hymenochaetales con 12 y 26 4 Romero-Bautista, L. et al.: Estudio micofl orístico de los hongos poliporoides del estado de Hidalgo, México. En cuanto a su fenología, las especies que se Ganoderma applanatum, Coltricia perennis, encontraron la mayor parte del año fueron: Inonotus cuticularis (Bull.) P. Karst., I. ra- Trichaptum biforme en 10 meses, Trametes diatus, Phellinus badius (Berk. Ex Cooke) versicolor en nueve, Fomitopsis pinicola y G. Cunn., Bjerkandera adusta, Heterobasi- Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. en ocho, dion annosum, Hydnopolyporus fi mbriatus Cyclomyces tabacinus y Trichaptum abie- (Fr.) D.A. Reid; desde bosques tropicales tinum en siete, Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) hasta matorral xerófi lo fueron: Abortiporus P. Karst., Postia caesia (Schrad.) P. Karst. biennis (Bull.) Singer, Fomes fasciatus (Sw.) y Polyporus alveolaris en seis, Ganoderma Cooke, Polyporus arcularius, Trametes applanatum (Pers.) Pat., Inonotus radiatus hirsuta y T.
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