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The Diversity and Distribution of Polypores (Basidiomycota

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PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication The diversity and distribution of polypores (Basidiomycota: Aphyllophorales) in wet evergreen and shola forests of Silent Valley National Park, southern Western Ghats, India, with three new records C.K. Adarsh, K. Vidyasagaran & P.N. Ganesh 26 May 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 7 | Pages: 13886–13909 DOI: 10.11609/jot.3856.11.7.13886-13909 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2019 | 11(7): 13886–13909 The diversity and distribution of polypores Communication (Basidiomycota: Aphyllophorales) in wet evergreen ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) and shola forests of Silent Valley National Park, ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) southern Western Ghats, India, with three new records PLATINUM 1 2 3 OPEN ACCESS C.K. Adarsh , K. Vidyasagaran & P.N. Ganesh 1,2 College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala 680656, India. 3 Sree Krishna College, Calicut University, Guruvayur, Thrissur, Kerala 680602, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Abstract: The present study was conducted to document the diversity and distributon of polypores in wet evergreen and shola forests of Silent Valley Natonal Park, Kerala State, in the southern Western Ghats, India. A combinaton of opportunistc and plot-based sampling was carried out in order to maximize the documentaton of polypore distributon. The study was conducted throughout the entre study period of 2013–2015. Fify-seven polypore species in 29 genera belonging to seven families were documented from the natonal park. The wet evergreen forest was enriched with 52 species whereas the shola forest harboured 20 polypore species. Fifeen species were found in both ecosystems while fve species were exclusively found in the shola forest. The Polyporaceae was the dominant family with 30 species, followed by Hymenochaetaceae with 16 species, and Fomitopsidaceae and Meripilaceae with three species each. Ganodermataceae and Schizoporaceae made their presence with two species each while only one species was reported under family Meruliaceae. Among the polypores documented, 42 species were annuals and 15 were perennials. While analyzing the rot characteristcs of the recorded polypores, it was found that white rot polypores have notable dominance over brown rot polypores. Out of the 57 species analysed, 52 polypores were white roters and only fve species were brown roters. During the present study, three species (Phylloporia pectnata, Trametes menziesii, and Trametes ochracea) were found to be new records from the southern Western Ghats. An identfcaton key was developed for the polypores documented from Silent Valley Natonal Park based on micro and macro morphological features. Keywords: Brown rot, evergreen forest, new record, Polyporaceae, shola forest, white rot. DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.3856.11.7.13886-13909 Editor: R.K. Verma, Tropical Forest Research Insttute, Jabalpur, India. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #3856 | Received 24 October 2017 | Final received 10 April 2019 | Finally accepted 27 April 2019 Citaton: Adarsh, C.K., K. Vidyasagaran & P.N. Ganesh (2019). The diversity and distributon of polypores (Basidiomycota: Aphyllophorales) in wet evergreen and shola forests of Silent Valley Natonal Park, southern Western Ghats, India, with three new records. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(7): 13886–13909. htps://doi. org/10.11609/jot.3856.11.7.13886-13909 Copyright: © Adarsh et al. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: Kerala Agricultural University. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author Details: Dr. Cheruplackal Karunakaran Adarsh is currently working as Assistant Professor (Contract) in College of Forestry. He has completed the M.Sc. and Ph.D. programme on the diversity, distributonal status and ecology of polypores of forest ecosystems of Kerala under the guidance of Drs. K. Vidyasagaran and Puthucode Narayan Iyer Ganesh. Dr. Kattany Vidyasagaran is the Dean of College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University. He is a distnguished Professor and Head of department in Natural Resource Management in College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University. Dr. Puthucode Narayan Iyer Ganesh is a retred Professor from Sreekrishna College, Calicut University. He is well known taxonomist of polypores from Kerala. He was a distnguished Professor in the department of Botany. Author Contributon: CKA carried out research and performed analyses as part of his MSc programme under the guidance of KV and PNIG. All the authors wrote the paper together. Acknowledgements: We thank the Wildlife Warden and Assistant Wildlife Warden, Silent Valley Natonal Park for the logistcal support. Our sincere thanks to the Vice-Chancellor, Kerala Agricultural University for encouragement and support and R. Sreehari for the map of the study area. We also thank the anonymous reviewers and the subject editor for their critcal comments which greatly improved the manuscript. 13886 Polypores of Silent Valley Natonal Park Adarsh et al. INTRODUCTION Leelavathy & Ganesh (2000) reported 78 species belonging to 26 genera under families Ganodermataceae, The polypores are fascinatng and specialized wood- Hymenochaetaceae, and Polyporaceae in their classical rotng macrofungi that play a major role in decompositon work Polypores of Kerala. The majority of the specimens and biomass turnover in forest ecosystems. Wood rotng described in that treatse was collected by the authors polypores are important elements of forest ecosystems during the period 1983–1987 from the forests as well since they decompose wood and coarse wood debris, as inhabited areas of central and northern Kerala. and play a primary and central role in nutrient cycling. Florence & Yesodharan (2000) reported 35 polypores Most polypores depend on woody substrates while the from the Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary. Florence rest are terrestrial. Most of them inhabit living wood as (2004) recorded 93 species of polypores from the state. parasites subsequently killing them slowly and contnue Lately, Mohanan (2011) identfed and described a total as saprophytes while the remaining are true saprophytes. of 89 species of polypores belonging to 32 genera from Taxonomically, polypores are macro fungi under the diferent forest ecosystems in Kerala. Recently, Iqbal division Basidiomycota and order Polyporales. They et al. (2016) reported 36 polypores under 21 genera produce holobasidia and ballistosporic basidiospores belonging to six families from Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife typically on the inside of the tubes lining the underside Sanctuary. of fructfcatons (Leelavathy & Ganesh 2000). The In Kerala, studies on polypores are done not much importance of polypores and the diversity of polypores exhaustvely as compared to mushrooms (Agaricales). in tropical forests were not known or not properly The literature shows only sporadic reports and the assessed. The tropics are a very rich source of potentally assessments are stll preliminary. Even though the useful polypores, many of which probably have not even polypores of Kerala were studied in detail by Bakshi been recognized, described, or named (Yamashita et al. (1971), Leelavathy & Ganesh (2000), and Mohanan 2015). (2011), much of the forests remain unexplored. Here we The frst Indian record of a member of polyporales summarise the fndings of the exploraton of polypore was by Klotzsch (1832) when he described a total of four diversity in specialized ecosystems like wet evergreen polypores from India. In 1833, Klotzsch described 25 and shola forests of the Silent Valley NP from March polypores from the Himalayan valleys. Sundararaman 2014 to February 2015. & Marudarajan (1925) reported 11 species of polypores from Chennai. Butler & Bisby (1931) brought together all the records of Indian fungi in their valuable compilaton MATERIALS
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  • A Re-Evaluation of Neotropical Junghuhnia S.Lat. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) Based on Morphological and Multigene Analyses

    A Re-Evaluation of Neotropical Junghuhnia S.Lat. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) Based on Morphological and Multigene Analyses

    Persoonia 41, 2018: 130–141 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2018.41.07 A re-evaluation of Neotropical Junghuhnia s.lat. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and multigene analyses M.C. Westphalen1,*, M. Rajchenberg2, M. Tomšovský3, A.M. Gugliotta1 Key words Abstract Junghuhnia is a genus of polypores traditionally characterised by a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and presence of encrusted skeletocystidia. However, recent molecular studies revealed that Mycodiversity Junghuhnia is polyphyletic and most of the species cluster with Steccherinum, a morphologically similar genus phylogeny separated only by a hydnoid hymenophore. In the Neotropics, very little is known about the evolutionary relation- Steccherinaceae ships of Junghuhnia s.lat. taxa and very few species have been included in molecular studies. In order to test the taxonomy proper phylogenetic placement of Neotropical species of this group, morphological and molecular analyses were carried out. Specimens were collected in Brazil and used for DNA sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α gene, and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene. Herbarium collections, including type specimens, were studied for morphological comparison and to confirm the identity of collections. The molecular data obtained revealed that the studied species are placed in three different genera. Specimens of Junghuhnia carneola represent two distinct species that group in a lineage within the phlebioid clade, separated from Junghuhnia and Steccherinum, which belong to the residual polyporoid clade.
  • A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi

    A Preliminary Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi

    A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF ARIZONA MACROFUNGI Scott T. Bates School of Life Sciences Arizona State University PO Box 874601 Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 ABSTRACT A checklist of 1290 species of nonlichenized ascomycetaceous, basidiomycetaceous, and zygomycetaceous macrofungi is presented for the state of Arizona. The checklist was compiled from records of Arizona fungi in scientific publications or herbarium databases. Additional records were obtained from a physical search of herbarium specimens in the University of Arizona’s Robert L. Gilbertson Mycological Herbarium and of the author’s personal herbarium. This publication represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Arizona. In all probability, the checklist is far from complete as new species await discovery and some of the species listed are in need of taxonomic revision. The data presented here serve as a baseline for future studies related to fungal biodiversity in Arizona and can contribute to state or national inventories of biota. INTRODUCTION Arizona is a state noted for the diversity of its biotic communities (Brown 1994). Boreal forests found at high altitudes, the ‘Sky Islands’ prevalent in the southern parts of the state, and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson) forests that are widespread in Arizona, all provide rich habitats that sustain numerous species of macrofungi. Even xeric biomes, such as desertscrub and semidesert- grasslands, support a unique mycota, which include rare species such as Itajahya galericulata A. Møller (Long & Stouffer 1943b, Fig. 2c). Although checklists for some groups of fungi present in the state have been published previously (e.g., Gilbertson & Budington 1970, Gilbertson et al. 1974, Gilbertson & Bigelow 1998, Fogel & States 2002), this checklist represents the first comprehensive listing of all macrofungi in the kingdom Eumycota (Fungi) that are known from Arizona.
  • New Records of Polypores from Iran, with a Checklist of Polypores for Gilan Province

    New Records of Polypores from Iran, with a Checklist of Polypores for Gilan Province

    CZECH MYCOLOGY 68(2): 139–148, SEPTEMBER 27, 2016 (ONLINE VERSION, ISSN 1805-1421) New records of polypores from Iran, with a checklist of polypores for Gilan Province 1 2 MOHAMMAD AMOOPOUR ,MASOOMEH GHOBAD-NEJHAD *, 1 SEYED AKBAR KHODAPARAST 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gilan, P.O. Box 41635-1314, Rasht 4188958643, Iran. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran 3353136846, Iran; [email protected] *corresponding author Amoopour M., Ghobad-Nejhad M., Khodaparast S.A. (2016): New records of polypores from Iran, with a checklist of polypores for Gilan Province. – Czech Mycol. 68(2): 139–148. As a result of a survey of poroid basidiomycetes in Gilan Province, Antrodiella fragrans, Ceriporia aurantiocarnescens, Oligoporus tephroleucus, Polyporus udus,andTyromyces kmetii are newly reported from Iran, and the following seven species are reported as new to this province: Coriolopsis gallica, Fomitiporia punctata, Hapalopilus nidulans, Inonotus cuticularis, Oligo- porus hibernicus, Phylloporia ribis,andPolyporus tuberaster. An updated checklist of polypores for Gilan Province is provided. Altogether, 66 polypores are known from Gilan up to now. Key words: fungi, hyrcanian forests, poroid basidiomycetes. Article history: received 28 July 2016, revised 13 September 2016, accepted 14 September 2016, published online 27 September 2016. Amoopour M., Ghobad-Nejhad M., Khodaparast S.A. (2016): Nové nálezy chorošů pro Írán a checklist chorošů provincie Gilan. – Czech Mycol. 68(2): 139–148. Jako výsledek systematického výzkumu chorošotvarých hub v provincii Gilan jsou publikovány nové druhy pro Írán: Antrodiella fragrans, Ceriporia aurantiocarnescens, Oligoporus tephroleu- cus, Polyporus udus a Tyromyces kmetii.
  • &lt;I&gt;Rhomboidia Wuliangshanensis&lt;/I&gt; Gen. & Sp. Nov. from Southwestern

    <I>Rhomboidia Wuliangshanensis</I> Gen. & Sp. Nov. from Southwestern

    MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2019 October–December 2019—Volume 134, pp. 649–662 https://doi.org/10.5248/134.649 Rhomboidia wuliangshanensis gen. & sp. nov. from southwestern China Tai-Min Xu1,2, Xiang-Fu Liu3, Yu-Hui Chen2, Chang-Lin Zhao1,3* 1 Yunnan Provincial Innovation Team on Kapok Fiber Industrial Plantation; 2 College of Life Sciences; 3 College of Biodiversity Conservation: Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract—A new, white-rot, poroid, wood-inhabiting fungal genus, Rhomboidia, typified by R. wuliangshanensis, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Collected from subtropical Yunnan Province in southwest China, Rhomboidia is characterized by annual, stipitate basidiomes with rhomboid pileus, a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with thin, hyaline, smooth walls. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU nuclear RNA gene regions showed that Rhomboidia is in Steccherinaceae and formed as distinct, monophyletic lineage within a subclade that includes Nigroporus, Trullella, and Flabellophora. Key words—Polyporales, residual polyporoid clade, taxonomy, wood-rotting fungi Introduction Polyporales Gäum. is one of the most intensively studied groups of fungi with many species of interest to fungal ecologists and applied scientists (Justo & al. 2017). Species of wood-inhabiting fungi in Polyporales are important as saprobes and pathogens in forest ecosystems and in their application in biomedical engineering and biodegradation systems (Dai & al. 2009, Levin & al. 2016). With roughly 1800 described species, Polyporales comprise about 1.5% of all known species of Fungi (Kirk & al.