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Fifty Years in China

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Fifty Years in China "^^ VN^^ 1 -lAR 36 1936 ^. jf (ftp gears; in Cfjina^ Being some account of the history and conditions in China and of the Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States there from 1867 to the present day. By y Samuel Isett Woodbridge ENGLISH EDITOR OF THE CHINESE CHRISTIAN INTELLIGENCER published by Presbyterian Committee of Publication richmond, va.—texarkana, ark. -tex. WHITTET & SHEPPERSON, PRINTERS RICHMOND. VA. Rev. E. B. Inslee Our First Missionary to China TO ifWrs;, iMarp ?|ortan Stuart "Mother Stuart" In the hearts of all the Mission whose untirnig devotion, prudent counsel, cheerful service, and genial presence are an inspiration to all who labor for the master This Book is Affectionately Inscribed BY THE AUTHOR 1 Contents; PAGE Introduction 1 Foreword 13 I. The Field and Its Occupation 15 II. Planting, Training, and Extension 47 III. Causes of the Revolution of 1911 ^^ IV. Effects of the Chinese Revolution 103 V. Genesis of Missionary Institutions 129 VI. Woman's Work for Women 161 VII. Development of Missionary Work 183 Supplement : General Statistics for 1917 215 Bibliography 216 Statistical Facts About Our China Missions 217 Our Missionaries to China 223 Index 229 (7) Our Mission Stations in China . SUusJtrationsi 1. Rev. E. B. Inslee Frontispiece 2. Our Mission Stations in China (Map) 8 3. Rev. Jno. Linton Stuart Rev. Benjamin Helm Rev. Matthew Hale Houston Rev. Hampden Coit DuBose 14 4. Kashing High School Volunteer Band 25 5. Christian Endeavor Society, Elizabeth Blake Hospital.. 33 6. Hospital Building, Tsingkiangpu 55 7. Government School Students' Sunday School, Hangchow 61 8. Class of Boys in a Chapel Sunday School, Taichow 83 9. Home of Dr. and Mrs. L. S. Morgan, Tonghai (Haichow) 89 10. Scenes at Hwaianfu and Hsuchoufu 100 11. Home of Dr. and Mrs. Geo. C. Worth 109 12. Missionaries at Kiangyin, November, 1918 122 13. Scenes at Hsuchoufu 140 14. Chinkiang High School Boy Scouts 148 15. Scenes at Chinkiang 154 16. Scenes at Yencheng and Funing 172 17. Scenes at Sutsien 178 18. General Assembly, Presbyterian Church in China 188 19. Presbyterian Mission Press, etc 192 20. Students and Teachers, Hangchow Christian College. 204 21. Dr. Woodbridge and Mr. Cheng Chun-sheng 210 22. Our Mid-China Mission (Statistical Chart) 214 23. Our North Kiangsu Mission (Statistical Chart) 22S (9) Sntrobuction THE China Missions appointed Rev. Geo, Hudson to write a history of the China work of our Church, as a part of a semi-centennial celebration in 1917. Mr. Hudson, in spite of increasing pain and physical weakness, gathered material, perfected his plans and outline for the book, and actually wrote two chapters before his disease reached its fatal termination. Rev. John W. Davis, D. D., was appointed to carry on the work, but he died before he had done more than write a few pages. Rev. S. I. Woodbridge, D. D., was next appointed to write the history of the China Missions. Meantime the date of the semi-centennial had passed, but in the fourth year of The Seven Year Plan of Missionary Education in the Sunday Schools our China Missions were the subject of study for the Church year 1918-1919. A joint request from the two China Missions, that, in view of the size of the field and the importance of the China work, two years_be devoted to China, came after plans had gone too far to make a change practicable. It did seem practicable, however, to follow the China cam- paign in the Sunday schools in 1918-1919 with a mission study campaign in 1919-1920, using a text-book on China. Dr. Woodbridge consented to change his plans and to let the book he was appointed to write be put in text-book form. As the book was to be used by many mission study classes composed of women, an informal editorial committee was appointed to secure suggestions and constructive criticisms from leaders in the women's work in our Church. This committee consisted of Mrs. W. B. Ramsay, North Carolina; Miss Mamie McElwee, North Carolina; Mrs. Chris. (II) 12 INTRODUCTION G. Dullnig, Texas; Miss Carrie Lee Campbell, Virginia; Miss Aline McKenzie, North Carolina; Mrs. A. Bramlett, South Carolina; Mrs. A. D. Mason, Tennessee; Mrs. J. W. Bruce, Alabama; Mrs. Alma Sydenstricker, Georgia; Mrs. M. D. Irvine, Kentucky; Mrs. D. A. McMillan, Missouri. The book was submitted chapter by chapter as fast as it was written, and its present form is due in large part to the careful study and to the discriminating and helpful criticism of this committee. Grateful appreciation is hereby expressed to them. Acknowledgment is also made of the help received from the work of Mr. Hudson and of Dr. Davis. Plans are making for a text-book on our Korea Mission for use in 1920-1921, Further information about the Korea book will be published from time to time as it becomes pos- sible to make definite statements. JOHN I. ARMSTRONG. Nashville, Tenn., January, 1919. Jforetoorb THE careful student of China knows the danger of gen- eralizing. China is a wide field, and statements made about one part of the country or work may not be true about other parts. In this book I have tried to qualify, and to give the facts as they appear to me. The contem- porary political history found here will be interesting and helpful to an understanding of Chinese Church history. No one can forecast the outcome of the Chinese republic, but unless the members of the Parliament and the people who hold the franchise become imbued with Christian principles, the case looks hopeless. The Chinese Church will stand, for it is founded upon a rock. The missionary on furlough in America is asked many questions hard to answer except by detailed explanation. I have endeavored here to give the answer to some of these questions, and to exhibit the diffi- culties, principles, methods, and results of our work in China. The book is sent out with a prayer. S. I. WOODBRIDGE. Gull Lake, Augusta, Mich., November, 1918, (13) Rev. John Linton Stuart Rev. Benjamin Helm Rev. Matthew Hale Houston Rev. Hampden Colt DuBose (14) CHAPTER I artie Jfielb anb Sts^ (Occupation CHAPTER I The Field and Its Occupation 1. China as a Mission Field: (i) Extent of Territory. (2) Population. (3) Characteristics of the Chinese. (4) Soil and Natural Resources. (5) Present Attitude of the People (6) Political Situation now. (7) Political Situation in 1867. (8) Taiping Rebellion. 2. Our Occupation of China: (i) "The Missionary,'' (2) Purpose of the Church. (3) Our First Missionary to China. (4) Other Pioneer Missionaries to China. (5) Travels and Other Experiences of the Early Missionaries. (6) Attitude of the Chinese Toward the Early Mis- sionaries. (7) Superstition and Ignorance in China in 1867 and Since. (8) Chekiang and Kiangsu Provinces. (16) : THE FIELD AND ITS OCCUPATION IJ CHAPTER I The Field and Its Occupation "Behold, these shall come from far: and, lo, these from the north and from the west; and these from the land of Sinim"— Isaiah 49 : 12. The Land of Sinim.—China is admittedly one of the greatest mission fields in the world. It lies outside the limits of this book to give a detailed description of the people and the country. Nevertheless, in order to reach an intelligent understanding of the missionary operations of our Church in China and of our past achievements and future prospects, it is necessary to have some view of the country and the people, espe- cially in the two provinces of Chekiang and Kiangsu, to which our efforts have hitherto been confined. The following considerations will serve as a basis of study Vast Extent of Territory.—The eighteen provinces alone cover an area of 1,532,420 square miles. With the outlying dependencies of Manchuria, Mongolia, Tibet and Turkestan, the area reaches a total of 4,277,170 square miles. The United States, including Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands, has only 3,567,563 square miles. Within China's vast extent of territory there are lofty mountain ranges, with scenery unsur- passed anywhere on the globe. Mighty rivers traverse every part of the country, permitting navigation far- ther inland than in any other country of the world. The mineral resources are practically inexhaustible. l8 FIFTY YEARS IN CHINA The fertile soil and the temperate climate, becoming sub-tropical in the southern provinces, insure a very- wide range of plant life. Long as China has been inhabited, it is still a country of largely undeveloped resources. Immense Population.—On the basis of the appor- tionment of the indemnity to be paid the Powers for losses in the Boxer riots in 1901, the Chinese Govern- ment estimated the population of the entire republic at 433,553,030. Any statement of the number is neces- sarily an estimate. Perhaps we are not far wrong in taking 350,000,000 as a working hypothesis for China's population. Such myriads of people could not under any circumstances be disregarded, even from a worldly point of view, as they are sure to figure largely in future history. From the spiritual viewpoint, they are men and women for whom Christ died. Longevity and Glorious Past.—China has been rightly called ''The long-lived Empire." She has been so long domiciled in her present bounds that all records of any migration thither have been lost, though Chinese historians claim to go back thirty centuries before the Christian era for the beginnings of their country. The age of the "Five Rulers" may be placed with a high degree of probability at about 2500 B.
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