Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
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United Nations CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 Convention on the Elimination Distr.: General of All Forms of Discrimination 12 September 2005 against Women Original: English Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Combined initial, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth periodic reports of States parties Saint Lucia* * The present report is being issued without formal editing. 05-52112 (E) 111405 *0552112* CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 2 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 GOVERNMENT OF SAINT LUCIA REPORT UNDER ARTICLE 18 OF THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN TO THE COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN Combined initial, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth periodic report 3 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 Introduction The Government of Saint Lucia (GOSL) hereby presents the Combined Initial, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Report in accordance with Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. This first report covers the period 1982 to 2002. In preparing the report, Saint Lucia has regarded the Committee’s Revised Reporting Guidelines, effective December 31, 2002. The report comprises two (2) parts. The first part provides the general background to the country, establishing the legal, administrative and constitutional framework within which the terms of the Convention will be implemented. The second part of the report provides specific information relating to the implementation of individual Articles of the Convention. Much of the data has come from Census and Survey Reports, Labour Reports, Economic and Social Reviews and the Annual Statistical Digest of the Ministry of Education. Consultations have also been conducted with individuals, private and public sector organizations. The Government of Saint Lucia ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in 1982. The Convention came into force on November 7, 1982. However, it was only with the establishment of the Women’s Desk within the Ministry of Community Development, Youth, Sports and Social Affairs in 1986 that an interest in the ratification process and a commitment to comply with the provisions of the Convention emerged. Saint Lucia looks forward to discussing this Report with the Committee on CEDAW. 4 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 Table of Contents Page List of Abbreviations......................................................... 6 Part 1: General Background ................................................. 8 Article 1: Definition of Discrimination Against Women ...................... 19 Article 2: Legal Protection and Obligations to Eliminate Discrimination..... 19 Article 3: The Full Development and Advancement of Women ............... 25 Article 4: Positive Discrimination or Affirmative Action ..................... 27 Article 5: Gender Roles, Stereotyping and Family Education ................ 28 Article 6: Trafficking and Exploitation of Women ........................... 32 Article 7: Participation in Political and Public Life .......................... 33 Article 8: International Representation and Participation ................... 42 Article 9: Nationality ........................................................ 43 Article 10: Women and Education ........................................... 44 Article 11: Employment...................................................... 72 Article 12: Health ............................................................ 86 Article 13: Economic and Social Life......................................... 104 Article 14: Rural Women and Development.................................. 107 Article 15: Equality Before the Law.......................................... 119 Article 16: Marriage and Family ............................................. 121 References ................................................................... 130 5 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 List of Abbreviations ADD Attention Deficit Disorder AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BelFUND James Belgrave Micro Enterprise Development Fund BNTF Basic Needs Trust Fund CAFRA Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action CARICOM Caribbean Community CD Conduct Disorder CDB Caribbean Development Bank CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CEE Common Entrance Examination CFPA Caribbean Family Planning Association CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CSA Civil Service Association CXC Caribbean Examinations Council DASGS Division of Arts, Science and General Studies (SALCC) DTEMS Division of Technical Education and Management Studies (SALCC) EPI Expanded Programme of Immunization GDP Gross Domestic Product GOSL Government of Saint Lucia HIV Human Immuno Virus HRDC Human Resource Development Center ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification MCH Maternal and Child Health MMR Mumps, Measles, Rubella NCVWO National Council of Voluntary Women’s Organization NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIS National Insurance Scheme NRDF National Research and Development Foundation NWM National Women’s Machinery OAS Organization of American States PAHO Pan-American Health Organization PRF Poverty Reduction Fund REDIP Rural Economic Diversification Incentives Project SALCC Sir Arthur Lewis Community College SEDU Small Enterprise Development Unit SLDB Saint Lucia Development Bank SLHTP Saint Lucia Heritage Tourism Programme SLPPA Saint Lucia Planned Parenthood Association SLREP Saint Lucia Rural Enterprise Project SLTU Saint Lucia Teachers’ Union STD Sexually Transmitted Disease STI Sexually Transmitted Infection 6 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Education and Scientific Organization UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UWI University of the West Indies WAC Women’s Advisory Committee WHO World Health Organization 7 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 PART ONE GENERAL BACKGROUND (a) Describe as concisely as possible the actual, general, social, economic, political and legal framework within which Saint Lucia approaches the elimination of discrimination against women in all its forms, as defined in the convention. Geographical Facts 1. Saint Lucia is the second largest of the Windward Islands. It is approximately 27 miles long by 14 miles wide, and has a total area of 238 square miles (616 sq. km). It is located between latitude 13 54 North and longitude 60 50 West. 2. The island is separated from the French island of Martinique to the north by a channel 26 miles wide. It is 21 miles north of St. Vincent and the Grenadines and 110 miles northwest of Barbados. 3. Saint Lucia is volcanic in formation, with highly mountainous terrain, thick forests and white sandy beaches. The highest peak is Morne Gimie 3,145 ft. (958 m). The island is famous for its twin pitons namely Petit Piton (2, 619 ft) and Gros Piton (2, 461 ft). These are two conical shaped mountains rising out of the sea on the west coast. Also, famous are the Sulphur Springs volcano in Soufriere on the west coast. There are several valleys, highly fertile, and made up mostly of alluvial soils. 4. The average rainfall is between 160cm and 360cm depending on the altitude. Temperatures range from 65 degrees F to 85 degrees F, and from 75 F to 95 F depending on the time of year. June 1 marks the commencement of the hurricane season which ends on November 30. Saint Lucia lies in the hurricane belt. Population and Demography 5. The estimated population of Saint Lucia in June 1983 was 126,000, and in June 1988 was 145,000. The population is estimated to have grown by some 17.2% between 1960 and 1970; between 1970 and 1980 the estimated increase was 13.9%, and between 1980 and 1990 the increase was some 16.1%. At the end of 1994 the estimated population was 142,689 an increase of 2781 over last year's population of 139,908. Evidently there was a marginal decline in the rate of natural increase from 19.8 in 1993 to 19.5 in 1994. This decline is consistent with a fall in the crude birth rate from 26.7 in 1993 to 25.6 in 1994. The last census was held in 2001, at which time the population was estimated at157, 898. the mid-year population in 2002 was 159,133. 6. This growth rate over the years indicate that despite a decline in the birth rate, Saint Lucia moves into the twenty-first century with a relatively young population. The country is already undergoing a demographic transition in which the largest proportion of the population are in the under 8 CEDAW/C/LCA/1-6 15 age group, and a large number of women are of child bearing age (15-49 years). Population estimates from 1982 to 2002 are shown in Table 1a below. Table A: Population Estimates, 1982 to 2002 Year Population Year Population 1982 119,360 1992 137,607 1983 121,083 1993 139,908 1984 122,944 1994 142,689 1985 124,805 1995 145,213 1986 126,666 1996 147,179 1987 128,527 1997 149,621 1988 130,388 1998 151,952 1989 132,249 1999 153,703 1990 134,110 2000 155,996 1991 135,975 2001 157,898 2002 159,133 Source: Saint Lucia Government Statistics Department 7. In classifying the population by sex in 1994, males accounted for 48.6% (69,327) of the total population while females made nearly 51.4% (73,362) (See Table 1). The working age population (15-64) was 58.4% of the total population, a percentage which represents a marginal growth of 0.4% when compared to that of 1993. 8. The 1991 Population and Housing Census indicated that nearly two thirds of the Saint