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Download the File INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE 21st CENTURY A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University In fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree 3<* ZQ(S *F “W The Masters of the Arts In Museum Studies by Joshua Tyler Freimark San Francisco, California May 2015 i CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Integrated Pest Management in Historical Collections of the 21st Century by Joshua Tyler Freimark and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree: Master of Arts in Museum Studies San Francisco State University. Edward Luby Professor of Museum Studies Lecturer of Museum Studies ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this thesis could not have been done without the generous assistance of Professors Edward Luby, Chairman of the Museum Studies Department, and Jean DeMouthe, lecturer of Museum Studies. In addition, I would like to thank all affiliated staff of the Museum Studies Department of San Francisco State University, who lent their limitless resources to the culmination of this project ii (b) INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE 21st CENTURY Joshua Tyler Freimark San Francisco, California 2015 Many museum collections are at risk for pest infestation, but historical collections in particular are susceptible to these degradations due to the prevalence of materials that attract pests. In the past, collections have been treated with chemical methods, but more recently, a new methodological approach, called Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, has emerged in caring for collections. In this thesis, Integrated Pest Management, defined as an integrative method of pest control, is examined in museums caring for historical collections. A survey of museums in North America that care for historical collections was conducted, resulting in a response rate of roughly 20%. After a discussion, a set of conclusions and recommendations is offered. It is concluded that museums with historical collections have largely integrated IPM into their efforts and that IPM is a significant advance in collections stewardship over traditional methods. I certify that the text of this abstract is an accurate representation of the content of this thesis r-^wr Edward Luby, Professor of Museum Studies Date TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures.................................................................................................................P.5 List of Appendices..........................................................................................................P. 5 Introduction.................................................................................................................... P.6 Significance to Historical Collections................................................................. P.7 Methods...........................................................................................................................P. 9 Methodology of Surveying................................................................................ P. 10 Table of Museums Surveyed............................................................................. P. 12 Questions Within the Survey............................................................................. P. 16 IPM Basics..................................................................................................................... P.20 History of Pest Management............................................................................. P.20 Collections Management Basics........................................................................ P.25 Types of Pests................................................................................................... P.43 Results of Museum Surveys.......................................................................................... P.59 Discussion..................................................................................................................... P.87 Conclusions and Recommendations.............................................................................. P.93 Literature Cited............................................................................................................ P. 101 LIST OF FIGURES 1. List of Museums Surveyed....................................................................................... P.12 2. Geographic Region of Respondents........................................................................ P.60 3. Museums by Collection Size.................................................................................... P.61 4. IPM issues encountered............................................................................................ P.62 5. Presence or Absence of Formal IPM plan................................................................ P.63 6. Presence or Absence of Quarantine Areas................................................................P.64 7. Pest treatments used..................................................................................................P.65 8. Waste removal.......................................................................................................... P.66 9. Presence or Absence of Cafes...................................................................................P.67 10. Pest Deterioration................................................................................................... P.68 11. Location of Exhibit Storage....................................................................................P.69 12. Presence or absence of sealed collection rooms.....................................................P.70 13. Storage furniture used.............................................................................................P.71 14. Presence or Absence of HVAC............................................................................. P.72 15. Presence or Absence of windows in Storage Areas...............................................P.73 16. Presence or Absence of Formal Housekeeping......................................................P.74 17. Presence or Absence of regular inspection............................................................. P.75 18. Parts of buildings inspected....................................................................................P.76 v 19. Presence or Absence of traps................................................................................... P.77 20. Sealing Exhibit cases............................................................................................... P.78 21. Presence or Absence of HVAC in Exhibit Areas................................................... P.79 22. Frequency of HVAC inspection.............................................................................. P.80 23. Sealing or Non-Sealing of HVAC........................................................................... P.81 24. Frequency of Cleaning............................................................................................. P.82 25. Presence or Absence of Contracts with Commercial Pest Control Services........... P.83 26. Pests for which Contracts are Made........................................................................ P.84 27. Resources for IPM planning.................................................................................... P.85 28. Resources for IPM review....................................................................................... P.86 vi LIST OF APPENDICES 1. Heritage Health Index Report Excerpts................................................................P.99 2. Search Portal for AAM Accredited Museums.......................................................P. 100 3. American Museum of Natural History Pest Management Policy......................... P. 101 4. Smithsonian Institute Pest Policy........................................................................... P. 102 5. Getty Museum Pest Management Policy...............................................................P. 107 6. In Situ Museum and Archive Services................................................................... P. 108 7. Minnesota History Museum Pest Management Policy.......................................... P. 112 8. Eastern Subterranean Termite Control................................................................... P.116 9. Minnesota Historical Society Pest Control Policy................................................ P. 120 10. US Department of Agriculture Asian Longhomed Beetle Information..............P. 121 11. Excerpt from Morse, Joseph. 2010, Trichogrammatidae.....................................P. 122 12. Excerpt from "List of Termite Species"............................................................... P. 124 13. Diatomaceous Earth for Pest Control...................................................................P.125 14. Sample IPM Survey..............................................................................................P. 126 vii 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Pests can be a major source of damage to historical collections in museums, as the Detroit Museum of Art learned in 1995 from its infestation of mold that caused thousands of exhibits to be infested. While collections have been treated with chemical methods for some time, more recently, a new methodological approach, called Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, emerged in caring for collections. IPM is defined as an integrative method
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